WO2023074877A1 - 細胞添加用組成物 - Google Patents
細胞添加用組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention provides a method for producing a desired component in a cell, particularly a protein such as an antibody, and a viral vector; a method for introducing a nucleic acid encoding a desired component, particularly a protein such as an antibody, or a viral vector into a cell;
- the present invention relates to a method for enhancing the expression of a nucleic acid encoding a protein such as an antibody or a viral vector in a cell into which the nucleic acid has been introduced; and compositions therefor.
- Biopharmaceuticals are pharmaceuticals manufactured by applying genetic recombination technology, cell culture technology, etc., and utilizing the ability of microorganisms and cells to produce proteins (hormones, enzymes, antibodies, etc.). becoming the mainstream of medicine.
- a gene for a protein of interest such as an antibody is introduced into a cell (preferably a mammalian cell), and the cell produces the protein of interest.
- Gene introduction methods are roughly divided into two methods, methods using retroviruses, lentiviruses, and adeno-associated virus vectors, and physicochemical methods such as lipofection, electroporation, and microinjection.
- a method using a virus-derived gene transfer vector (hereinafter referred to as a viral vector) is generally used as a method for transferring genes into cells of mammals including humans.
- a viral vector is a vector obtained by modifying a naturally-occurring virus using gene recombination technology so that a desired gene or the like can be transferred to a target.
- Viruses from which viral vectors are derived include retroviruses, lentiviruses, Sendai viruses, enveloped viruses such as herpes virus, and non-enveloped viruses such as adenoviruses and adeno-associated viruses (hereinafter referred to as AAV) (hereinafter referred to as AAV).
- AAV non-enveloped viruses
- AAV can infect cells of a wide range of species including humans, and can also infect non-dividing cells that have completed differentiation. Because of its stability, etc., it is considered promising as a vector for gene transfer used in gene therapy.
- AAV is produced by introducing the plasmid DNA required for AAV production into mammalian cells such as human embryonic kidney cells 293 (HEK293 cells). It is known that there are quality issues, such as the packaging rate of AAV genomes in pharma, and the fragmentation of AAV genomes packaged within capsids.
- Non-enveloped viral vectors such as adenovirus and AAV have desirable characteristics for gene delivery, exhibiting broad tissue and cell tropism, capacity to accommodate large expression cassettes, and high transduction efficiency.
- Patent Document 1 Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2
- a method for producing a viral vector with improved viral genome yield and viral genome integrity, and a composition therefor are not known.
- the present invention provides a method that enables the production of a protein such as an antibody to improve its production volume; a method that enables the improvement of the genome productivity of a viral vector and/or the integrity of the viral genome in the production of a viral vector; and to provide compositions therefor.
- Preparation of protein-producing cells is necessary for the production of proteins such as antibodies.
- Preparation of protein-producing cells usually requires the introduction of plasmid DNA involved in protein production, such as protein-encoding DNA, into the cell and the enhancement of the expression of the introduced plasmid DNA in the cell.
- the originating virus for example, AAV
- the originating virus can be prepared by introducing plasmid DNA necessary for AAV production into mammalian cells such as HEK293 cells.
- the present inventors diligently studied conditions for transfecting cells with plasmids and conditions for enhancing expression of plasmids in cells.
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- the amount of protein produced was further improved.
- the amount of protein produced is further improved by contacting the cells with organic solvents such as alcohols and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), as well as during transfection. was found to improve the viral genome yield and genome integrity of the viral vector.
- the inventors succeeded in determining the suitable reaction conditions and completed the present invention.
- the present invention is as follows.
- [1] A composition for addition to cells comprising an organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent enhances production of at least one desired component in the cells.
- [2] The composition according to [1] above, wherein in the cells after the addition, signals related to cell survival are regulated relative to the cells before the addition.
- [3] The composition according to [2] above, wherein the signal modulation is signal enhancement.
- [4] The composition of [3] above, wherein the signal is a protein kinase A signal.
- [5] The composition of [3] or [4] above, wherein the enhancement of the signal is due to regulation of the expression of a factor involved in the signal.
- [6] The composition of [5] above, wherein the regulation of factor expression is enhanced.
- composition described in [15] or [16] above, wherein the nucleic acid is DNA encoding a protein.
- the DNA is involved in the production of at least one selected from the group consisting of antibodies and viral vectors.
- the viral vector is derived from a virus belonging to the family Parvoviridae or Retroviridae.
- the viral vector is an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector.
- AAV adeno-associated virus
- the virus package protein is at least one selected from the group consisting of REP and CAP.
- the helper protein is at least one selected from the group consisting of adenovirus-derived E1A, E1B, E2A, E4, and VA.
- the organic solvent contains alcohols and/or dimethylsulfoxide.
- [25] A method of contacting a cell with a composition comprising an organic solvent to enhance production of at least one desired component in the cell.
- [26] A method of incubating a reaction mixture comprising cells and an organic solvent to enhance production of at least one desired component in the cells.
- the cell is a cell introduced with DNA involved in the production of at least one desired component.
- a signal related to cell survival is regulated with respect to the cells before contact or incubation.
- [29] The method of [28] above, wherein the modulation of the signal is enhancement of the signal.
- the signal is a protein kinase A signal.
- [41] A method of incubating a reaction mixture comprising a nucleic acid encoding at least one desired component, cells and an organic solvent to transfect the cells with the nucleic acid encoding the desired component.
- [42] The method of [41] above, which enhances expression of a transfected nucleic acid.
- [43] The method of [41] or [42] above, wherein in the transfected cells, signals related to cell survival are regulated with respect to the cells before transfection.
- the modulation of the signal is enhancement of the signal.
- the method of [44] above, wherein the signal is a protein kinase A signal.
- [51] The method of [49] or [50] above, wherein the suppression of the signal is by regulation of the expression of a factor involved in the signal.
- [52] The method of [51] above, wherein the regulation of expression of the factor is enhancement.
- [53] The method of [51] above, wherein the regulation of expression of the factor is suppression.
- [54] The method of any one of [41] to [53] above, wherein the nucleic acid is DNA encoding a protein.
- the DNA is involved in the production of at least one selected from the group consisting of antibodies and viral vectors.
- the viral vector is derived from a virus belonging to the family Parvoviridae or Retroviridae.
- the viral vector is an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector.
- AAV adeno-associated virus
- the DNA is one or more DNAs encoding a viral packaging protein and a helper protein.
- the viral package protein is at least one selected from the group consisting of REP and CAP.
- the helper protein is at least one selected from the group consisting of adenovirus-derived E1A, E1B, E2A, E4, and VA.
- a method for producing transfected cells which comprises transfecting cells by the method according to any one of [41] to [64] above.
- a method for producing a viral vector which comprises obtaining a viral vector from cells obtained by the production method according to [66] above.
- the method of the present invention it is possible to produce proteins using cells with higher productivity, and to produce viral vectors using cells with higher viral genome production and/or genome integrity.
- FIG. 1A is a graph showing the results of examining the effect of addition of ethanol on the amount of intracellular AAV2 produced during AAV2 production.
- FIG. 1B is a graph showing the results of investigating the effect of addition of ethanol on the amount of AAV2 produced in the cell culture supernatant during AAV2 production.
- FIG. 1C is a graph showing the results of investigating the effect of adding ethanol to improve cell viability during AAV2 production.
- FIG. 2A is a graph showing the results of examining the effect of addition of ethanol on the integrity of the intracellular AAV2 genome during AAV2 production.
- FIG. 2B is a graph showing the results of examining the effect of addition of ethanol on the integrity of the AAV2 genome in the cell culture supernatant during AAV2 production.
- FIG. 3 is a heat map diagram of pathways activated or suppressed upon addition of ethanol. Times are hours after plasmid DNA transfection for AAV2 production.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of examining the effect of addition of ethanol on the amount of antibody produced in Chinese hamster-derived cells.
- the present invention is a composition for addition to cells comprising an organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent enhances the production of at least one desired component in the cell, particularly for enhancing cell survival.
- a composition for enhancing the expression of a nucleic acid for example, a nucleic acid (DNA) involved in the production of a protein such as an antibody
- composition for enhancing the expression of a nucleic acid
- composition for transfecting cells with proteins such as antibodies or nucleic acids (DNA) involved in the production of viral vectors (hereinafter, in the case of transfection use, particularly "the composition of the present invention”).
- compositions of the present invention preferably contain alcohols and/or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as organic solvents.
- the composition for enhancing nucleic acid expression is characterized by enhancing intracellular expression of nucleic acid.
- a nucleic acid DNA
- desired components eg, proteins such as antibodies
- the composition for transfection is characterized in that it is used for transfection of nucleic acids into cells. This contributes to the production of proteins such as antibodies produced in cells, the amount of viral vectors produced, and the integrity of the produced viral genome.
- enhancing the production of a desired component means to significantly increase the intracellular production of the desired component compared to cells before treatment with the composition of the present invention.
- the desired component is a component to be obtained, and includes, for example, proteins such as antibodies, proteins such as viral vectors, and nucleic acid constructs. If the desired component is a viral vector, it is also intended to encompass improving the integrity of the genome packaged into the cell.
- enhancing cell survival means significantly improving viability even when stress (load) is applied, for example, compared to cells before treatment with the composition of the present invention.
- stress include detachment and reseeding of cells (so-called passaging), introduction of nucleic acids into cells (so-called transfection), intracellular production of proteins and viruses derived from introduced nucleic acids, and the like.
- signals related to cell survival may be regulated compared to the state before being treated with the composition of the present invention (before addition), or preferably.
- Such cells are hereinafter also referred to as "cells of the invention”.
- the present invention provides a method of contacting cells with a composition comprising an organic solvent to enhance production of at least one desired component in the cells.
- One embodiment of the method is a method of transfecting, in the presence of an organic solvent, a nucleic acid encoding at least one desired component whose production is required to be enhanced in cells (hereinafter also referred to as the "transfection method of the present invention"). ). Another embodiment of the method is a method of incubating a reaction mixture comprising cells and an organic solvent that have been introduced with a nucleic acid encoding at least one desired component for which enhanced production is sought.
- One embodiment of the method comprises incubating a reaction mixture comprising a nucleic acid encoding at least one desired component, cells and an organic solvent, the organic solvent preferably being alcohols and/or dimethylsulfoxide.
- Another embodiment of the method comprises incubating a reaction mixture comprising cells transfected with a nucleic acid encoding at least one desired component and an organic solvent, the organic solvent preferably being alcohols and/or or dimethyl sulfoxide.
- One embodiment of the method comprises: a first step of incubating a cell suspension comprising cells and DNA encoding at least one desired component; a second step of adding an organic solvent to the incubated cell suspension to prepare a reaction mixture, and a third step of incubating the reaction mixture; wherein the organic solvent is an alcohol, and the content of the alcohol is 2 V/V % or less with respect to the total amount of the reaction mixture.
- the amount of organic solvent used in the reaction mixture of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the above effects are achieved. Since the cells and the organic solvent are essential for contacting the composition containing the cells and the organic solvent, for example, when the organic solvent is an alcohol (e.g., ethanol), The organic solvent is usually 2 V/V % or less. If the value is equal to or less than the above upper limit, the production of at least one desired component can be enhanced without cell death. can improve sexuality. In addition, intracellular protein (eg, antibody) production can be increased without cell death.
- the content of the alcohol is 1.9 V/V% or less, 1.8 V/V% or less, 1.7 V/V% or less, or 1.6 V/V% or less with respect to the total amount of the reaction mixture. , 1.5V/V% or less, 1.4V/V% or less, 1.3V/V% or less, 1.2V/V% or less, 1.1V/V% or less, 1V/V% or less, 0.9V /V% or less, 0.8V/V% or less, 0.7V/V% or less, or 0.6V/V% or less.
- the lower limit of the amount of the organic solvent used in the total amount of the reaction mixture is not particularly limited as long as the above effects are achieved, but the concentration exceeds 0 V/V %.
- the content of the alcohol is 0.05 V/V% or more, 0.06 V/V% or more, 0.07 V/V% or more, 0.08 V/V% or more with respect to the total amount of the reaction mixture.
- the production of at least one desired component can be enhanced.
- the amount used can be appropriately increased or decreased depending on the type of organic solvent.
- the amount of organic solvent used in the reaction mixture of the present invention can enhance the production of at least one desired component produced in the cell, for example protein (e.g., antibody) production and/or viral 0.05 to 2 V/V% is preferable, 0.1 to 1.5 V/V% is more preferable, and 0.2 to 1 V/V% is even more preferable, in terms of improving (enhancing) genome production, 0.2-0.8 V/V % is particularly preferred, and 0.2-0.56 V/V % is most preferred.
- protein e.g., antibody
- viral 0.05 to 2 V/V% is preferable, 0.1 to 1.5 V/V% is more preferable, and 0.2 to 1 V/V% is even more preferable, in terms of improving (enhancing) genome production, 0.2-0.8 V/V % is particularly preferred, and 0.2-0.56 V/V % is most preferred.
- the amount of organic solvent used in the reaction mixture of the present invention during transfection is not particularly limited as long as the above effects are achieved.
- Nucleic acid, cells and an organic solvent are essential for transfection of nucleic acids into cells.
- the organic solvent is usually 2 V/V % or less. If the amount is equal to or less than the above upper limit, the production of at least one desired component can be enhanced without causing cell death by using the nucleic acid for transfection into cells. viral genome yield and/or viral genome integrity can be improved. In addition, intracellular protein (eg, antibody) production can be increased without cell death.
- the content of the alcohol is 1.9 V/V% or less, 1.8 V/V% or less, 1.7 V/V% or less, or 1.6 V/V% or less with respect to the total amount of the reaction mixture. , 1.5V/V% or less, 1.4V/V% or less, 1.3V/V% or less, 1.2V/V% or less, 1.1V/V% or less, 1V/V% or less, 0.9V /V% or less, 0.8V/V% or less, 0.7V/V% or less, or 0.6V/V% or less.
- the lower limit of the amount of the organic solvent used in the total amount of the reaction mixture is not particularly limited as long as the above effects are achieved, but the concentration exceeds 0 V/V %.
- the content of the alcohol is 0.05 V/V% or more, 0.06 V/V% or more, 0.07 V/V% or more, 0.08 V/V% or more with respect to the total amount of the reaction mixture.
- the amount is at least the above lower limit, production of at least one desired component can be enhanced by using the nucleic acid when transfecting cells.
- the amount used can be appropriately increased or decreased depending on the type of organic solvent.
- the amount of organic solvent used in the reaction mixture during transfection can enhance the production of at least one desired component produced within the cell, e.g., protein (e.g., antibody) production and/or Or, in terms of improving (enhancing) the production amount of the viral genome, it is preferably 0.05 to 2 V/V%, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5 V/V%, and further 0.2 to 1 V/V%. Preferably, 0.2 to 0.8 V/V % is particularly preferred, and 0.2 to 0.56 V/V % is most preferred.
- the desired component is a viral vector
- the amount of organic solvent used in the reaction mixture during transfection is effective in improving (enhancing) the integrity of the viral genome produced in the cell. 0.05-2 V/V%, 0.1-1.8 V/V%, 0.2-1.5 V/V%, 0.28-1.11 V/V%, relative to the total amount of the reaction mixture. This is a preferred embodiment.
- the present invention provides a method for producing transfected cells, which comprises transfecting cells with a plasmid that expresses a desired component by the transfection method of the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for producing a viral vector, which comprises obtaining a viral vector from a transfected cell.
- viruses from which the viral vectors to be produced in the present invention are derived include retroviruses, lentiviruses, Sendai viruses, enveloped viruses such as herpes virus, and non-enveloped viruses such as adenovirus and AAV (hereinafter referred to as viruses). , non-enveloped viruses) and the like, but are not limited to these.
- the envelope is formed when a virus buds through membranes such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, and cell membrane, and usually involves host-derived proteins or viral proteins expressed on the host cell membrane. and plays an important role in infecting target cells.
- DNA viruses such as adenovirus, parvovirus, papovavirus, human papillomavirus, rotavirus, coxsackievirus, enterovirus, sapovirus, norovirus, poliovirus, echovirus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus, rhinovirus , and RNA viruses such as Astrovirus. More preferred are viruses of the family Retroviridae, viruses of the family Adenoviridae, and viruses of the family Parvoviridae, and particularly preferred are adeno-associated viruses (AAV) of the family Parvoviridae.
- AAV has a regular icosahedral outer shell (capsid) without an envelope and a linear single-stranded DNA within it.
- the capsid has three capsid proteins (VP1, VP2 and VP3).
- AAV includes wild-type virus and derivatives thereof, and includes all serotypes and clades unless otherwise specified. Although there are various reports on AAV serotypes, at least AAV1, AAV2, AAV3a, AAV3b, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, AAVrh. 10, AAV11, AAV12 and AAV13 are known.
- virus includes not only natural viruses, but also recombinant virus particles that have been modified to remove pathogenicity based on natural viruses, etc., and to have regions for introducing foreign genes. be. Such recombinant virus particles are also referred to as viral vectors.
- natural viruses and recombinant virus particles may be collectively referred to as viruses.
- Viral vectors can be used for genetic engineering (ie, “cloning vectors”) for the introduction/transfer of nucleic acids into cells and for the transcription or translation of nucleic acids inserted into cells.
- An "expression vector” is a specialized vector that contains a gene or nucleic acid sequence with the necessary regulatory regions for expression in a host cell.
- Vector nucleic acid sequences generally include at least an origin of replication for propagation in a cell, optionally heterologous polynucleotide sequences, expression control elements (e.g. promoters, enhancers), introns, ITR(s), selectable markers ( antibiotic resistance), including additional elements such as polyadenylation signals.
- expression control elements e.g. promoters, enhancers
- introns e.g., ITR(s)
- selectable markers antibiotic resistance
- additional elements e.g. promoters, enhancers
- Viral vectors are derived from or based on one or more nucleic acid elements comprising the viral genome.
- viral vector means a particle composed of a capsid protein shell. Furthermore, in the present invention, “viral vector” means not only those containing a viral genome (nucleic acid form), but also hollow particles that are virus-like particles composed only of capsid proteins that do not contain a viral genome. A “viral vector” is preferably obtained which contains the viral genome (nucleic acid form) inside a capsid protein shell.
- nucleic acids encoding desired components are Including transfection of the encoding nucleic acid into the cell.
- one or more DNAs encoding viral packaging proteins and helper proteins are introduced into cells using a transfection reagent.
- the DNA encoding the viral packaging protein and the DNA encoding the helper protein may be provided in separate plasmids, but may also be provided in a single plasmid.
- a vector plasmid introduced with a nucleic acid containing a gene of interest sandwiched between ITRs (Inverted Terminal Repeats) at both ends, preferably a viral packaging protein and a helper protein. Co-transfected with the encoding DNA or DNAs.
- target genes include functional nucleic acids, mRNAs or fragments thereof, or combinations thereof, which are described in the section "3. Nucleic acids" below.
- a “transfection reagent” is any compound and/or composition that increases the uptake of one or more nucleic acids into one or more target cells, and is not particularly limited.
- Suitable transfection reagents include cationic polymers such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), polymers of positively charged amino acids such as polylysine and polyarginine, positively charged and split dendrimers, cationic ⁇ -cyclodextrin-containing
- PEI polyethyleneimine
- CD polymers DEAE-dextran, and the like.
- viral packaging proteins refers to non-AAV derived viral and/or cellular functions upon which AAV is dependent for its replication.
- AAV packaging proteins eg, AAV
- AAV packaging proteins are encoded by the major AAV open reading frames (ORFs), REP and CAP.
- REP proteins have been shown to have many functions including, among others, recognition, binding, and nicking of AAV origins of DNA replication; DNA helicase activity; and regulation of transcription from AAV (or other heterologous) promoters.
- the CAP (capsid) protein provides the necessary packaging functions.
- helper protein-encoding nucleic acid generally refers to a nucleic acid molecule(s) comprising a nucleotide sequence that encodes a protein that provides helper function(s).
- a vector containing the nucleic acid(s) encoding the helper protein(s) can be transfected into a suitable host cell, where the vector can be used for viral (e.g., AAV) particle production in the host cell.
- Helper proteins include adenovirus-derived elements such as E1A, E1B, E2, E4, VA, and the like.
- the production of AAV vectors includes a vector plasmid that replaces the ITR with the target gene, a packaging plasmid that expresses REP and CAP, and a helper plasmid that expresses E2A, E4, and VA together in 293 cells (described later, E1A, E1B expressing).
- a vector “genome” refers to a recombinant nucleic acid sequence that is ultimately packaged or encapsulated to form a viral (eg, AAV) particle.
- a recombinant plasmid When a recombinant plasmid is used to construct or produce a recombinant vector, the vector genome does not include portions of the "plasmid" that do not correspond to the vector genome sequences of the recombinant plasmid.
- This non-vector genomic portion of the recombinant plasmid is referred to as the "plasmid backbone" and is important for plasmid cloning and amplification, steps required for propagation and production of recombinant virus. As such, it is neither packaged nor enclosed in viral (eg, AAV) particles.
- a vector “genome” thus refers to the nucleic acid that is packaged or enclosed by a virus (eg, AAV).
- nucleic acid can also be referred to as polynucleotides and is used interchangeably herein to refer to all forms of nucleic acids and polynucleotides, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
- Nucleic acids and polynucleotides include genomic DNA, cDNA and antisense DNA, as well as spliced or unspliced mRNA, rRNA, tRNA and inhibitory DNA or RNA (RNAi, e.g., small or short hairpin (sh)RNA, microRNA (miRNA). ), small or short interfering (si) RNA, trans-splicing RNA, or antisense RNA).
- Nucleic acids and polynucleotides include naturally occurring, synthetic, and intentionally modified or altered sequences.
- the nucleic acid is preferably DNA that encodes a protein.
- the DNA includes at least DNA involved in viral vector production.
- Proteins encoded by the DNA include, for example, virus packaging proteins and helper proteins.
- Nucleic acids to be transfected into cells may contain functional nucleic acids, mRNA or fragments thereof, or combinations thereof, in addition to DNAs involved in the production of viral vectors.
- a "functional nucleic acid” means a specific biological function, such as an enzymatic function, a catalytic function, or a biological inhibitory or enhancing function (e.g., transcription, translation) in vivo or in a cell, preferably in a cell. (inhibition or enhancement).
- RNA interference agents include nucleic acid aptamers (including RNA aptamers and DNA aptamers), antisense DNA, ribozymes (including deoxyribozymes), U1 adapters, molecular beacons, riboswitches, or transcription factor binding regions etc.
- ribozymes including deoxyribozymes
- U1 adapters molecular beacons
- riboswitches or transcription factor binding regions etc.
- Two or more types of functional nucleic acids may be included.
- the mRNA may be any protein-encoding mRNA, either a pre-mRNA or a mature mRNA.
- therapeutic proteins e.g. antibody-based drugs, Fc fusion proteins, anticoagulants, blood factors, bone morphogenetic proteins, engineered protein scaffolds, enzymes, growth factors, hormones, interferons, interleukins, cytokines, thrombolytics, and any combination thereof
- drug resistance genes e.g., kanamycin resistance gene, streptomycin resistance gene, spectinomycin resistance gene, gentamicin resistance gene, chloramphenicol resistance gene, erythromycin resistance gene
- marker protein A gene or the like that encodes eg, fluorescent protein, luminescent protein
- compositions of the present invention are compositions for addition to cells comprising an organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent enhances the production of at least one desired component in the cell.
- the “desired component” include the “viral vector” described in Item 1, the “nucleic acid” described in Item 3, and the protein encoded thereby, and the like. Proteins and/or viral vectors are preferred.
- Treatment with the compositions of the invention can enhance cell survival.
- the compositions of the present invention can be used by contacting with cells to enhance the expression of desired components within the cells.
- Compositions of the invention can also be used in transfecting cells with nucleic acids.
- composition of the present invention in the transfection of nucleic acids into cells, for example, when the nucleic acid is DNA involved in protein production, the amount of protein (e.g., antibody) produced in the cell is increased.
- the nucleic acid is DNA involved in the production of a viral vector, it improves the yield and/or the integrity of the viral genome produced in the cell.
- Preferred compositions are those that improve (increase) protein production and improve (enhance) viral genome production and viral genome integrity.
- the composition used in the present invention can be used to transfect a cell with a nucleic acid, thereby increasing the production amount of a viral vector containing a viral genome inside the capsid protein shell and/or the virus contained in the viral vector.
- compositions improve (enhances) the integrity of the genome.
- Preferred compositions improve (enhance) the yield of viral vectors containing the viral genome within the capsid protein shell and the integrity of the viral genome contained within the viral vector.
- the composition used in the present invention improves the yield of viral vectors containing the complete viral genome when used to transfect cells with nucleic acids.
- Organic solvents include alcohols and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), preferably alcohols.
- Alcohol is a substance obtained by replacing a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon with a hydroxy group, and in the present specification, they are collectively referred to as alcohols.
- Alcohols are preferably lower alcohols having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as at least one selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and glycerin.
- the amount of organic solvent used in the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the above effects are achieved. Since the cells and the organic solvent are essential for contacting the composition containing the cells and the organic solvent, for example, when the organic solvent is an alcohol (e.g., ethanol), The organic solvent is usually used so that it becomes 2 V/V % or less. If the value is equal to or less than the above upper limit, the production of at least one desired component can be enhanced without cell death. can improve sexuality. In addition, intracellular protein (eg, antibody) production can be increased without cell death.
- the organic solvent e.g., ethanol
- the content of the alcohol is 1.9 V/V% or less, 1.8 V/V% or less, 1.7 V/V% or less, 1.6 V/V% or less with respect to the total amount of the reaction mixture, 1.5V/V% or less, 1.4V/V% or less, 1.3V/V% or less, 1.2V/V% or less, 1.1V/V% or less, 1V/V% or less, 0.9V/ V % or less, 0.8 V/V % or less, 0.7 V/V % or less, or 0.6 V/V % or less.
- the lower limit of the amount of the organic solvent used in the total amount of the reaction mixture is not particularly limited as long as the above effects are achieved, but the concentration exceeds 0 V/V %.
- the content of the alcohol is 0.05 V/V% or more, 0.06 V/V% or more, 0.07 V/V% or more, 0.08 V/V% or more with respect to the total amount of the reaction mixture.
- the production of at least one desired component can be enhanced.
- the amount used can be appropriately increased or decreased depending on the type of organic solvent.
- the amount of organic solvent used in the compositions of the present invention can enhance the production of at least one desired component produced within the cell, for example protein (e.g., antibody) production and/or viral
- the total amount of the reaction mixture is preferably 0.05 to 2 V/V%, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5 V/V%, still more preferably 0 .2 to 1 V/V %, particularly preferably 0.2 to 0.8 V/V %, most preferably 0.2 to 0.56 V/V %.
- the amount of the organic solvent used in the composition of the present invention during transfection is not particularly limited as long as the above effects are achieved.
- Nucleic acid, cells and an organic solvent are essential for transfection of nucleic acids into cells.
- the organic solvent is usually used so as to be 2 V/V % or less. If the amount is equal to or less than the above upper limit, the production of at least one desired component can be enhanced without causing cell death by using the nucleic acid for transfection into cells. viral genome yield and/or viral genome integrity can be improved. In addition, intracellular protein (eg, antibody) production can be increased without cell death.
- the alcohol content is 1.9 V/V% or less, 1.8 V/V% or less, 1.7 V/V% or less, 1.6 V/V% or less, relative to the total amount of the reaction mixture at the time of transfection.
- V% or less 1.5 V/V% or less, 1.4 V/V% or less, 1.3 V/V% or less, 1.2 V/V% or less, 1.1 V/V% or less, 1 V/V% or less, It is used so as to be 0.9 V/V % or less, 0.8 V/V % or less, 0.7 V/V % or less, or 0.6 V/V % or less.
- the lower limit of the amount of the organic solvent used in the total amount of the reaction mixture is not particularly limited as long as the above effects are achieved, but the concentration exceeds 0 V/V %.
- the content of the alcohol is 0.05 V/V% or more, 0.06 V/V% or more, 0.07 V/V% or more, 0.08 V/V% or more with respect to the total amount of the reaction mixture.
- the amount is at least the above lower limit, production of at least one desired component can be enhanced by using the nucleic acid when transfecting cells.
- the amount used can be appropriately increased or decreased depending on the type of organic solvent.
- the amount of organic solvent used in the composition during transfection can enhance the production of at least one desired component produced within the cell, e.g., protein (e.g., antibody) production and/or Or, in terms of improving (enhancing) the production amount of the viral genome, it is preferably 0.05 to 2 V/V%, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5 V/V, relative to the total amount of the reaction mixture at the time of transfection. %, more preferably 0.2 to 1 V/V %, particularly preferably 0.2 to 0.8 V/V %, most preferably 0.2 to 0.56 V/V %.
- the desired component is a viral vector
- the amount of organic solvent used in the composition during transfection is effective in improving (enhancing) the integrity of the viral genome produced in the cell.
- reaction mixture for transfection The reaction mixture for transfection in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contributes to the production of proteins such as antibodies produced in cells, the production of viral vectors, and/or the integrity of the viral genome.
- a composition comprising cells, nucleic acids, and an organic solvent.
- a more preferred transfection reaction mixture is a composition comprising cells, nucleic acids, an organic solvent, and a transfection reagent.
- cells, nucleic acids and an organic solvent may be added simultaneously, or an organic solvent may be added after preparing a cell suspension containing cells and nucleic acids. .
- the reaction mixture for transfection of the present invention contains a transfection reagent
- the cells, the nucleic acid, the organic solvent and the transfection reagent may be added at the same time.
- An organic solvent may be added after preparing the turbid solution.
- Use of the reaction mixture for transfection of the present invention during transfection improves cell viability.
- the reaction mixture for transfection of the present invention may contain known components (other components) that significantly affect transfection in addition to the components described above.
- Other ingredients include valproic acid and its sodium salt, sodium butyrate, caffeine and the like.
- cells, nucleic acid, organic solvent and other components, and optionally transfection reagent may be added at the same time, and a cell suspension containing cells, nucleic acid, and optionally transfection reagent The organic solvent and other components may be added after preparing the.
- cells used to produce at least one desired component are those in which the desired component can be produced and propagated.
- the desired component is a viral vector
- it is preferably a cell into which a portion of the gene required for virus production has been introduced, and a packaging cell that alone does not produce virus.
- HEK293 cells, HEK293T cells, HEK293F cells, HEK293FT cells, G3T-hi cells, Sf9 cells commercially available cell lines for virus production, AAV293 cells, etc., which are derived from eukaryotic cells and preferably have high transfection efficiency.
- Human-derived cells are more preferred, and HEK293 cells are particularly preferred.
- the HEK293 cells or the like constitutively express the adenovirus E1 protein. It may be a cell modified to
- Elements necessary for recombinant adenovirus production include (A) REP protein, CAP protein, (B) adenovirus-derived elements such as E1A, E1B, E2, E4, VA genes, and the like.
- the form of these nucleic acids is not limited, and they can be introduced into cells as one or a plurality of nucleic acid constructs capable of supplying each element in the cells to be used by loading them into plasmids or viral vectors. If these elements are not expressed in the cell, one or more of (A) and/or (B) are transfected into the cell as a nucleic acid encoding the desired component, as described above.
- the cell of the present invention may be a cell that originally produces the protein, or a modified cell into which a gene required for the production of the protein has been introduced. good too. Methods for introducing genes necessary for protein production vary depending on the type of desired protein and are appropriately selected.
- the protein is an antibody
- the heavy and light chain genes of immunoglobulin molecules are usually cloned. and a method of introducing this into host cells (preferably mammalian cells) using a vector with high expression efficiency.
- the variable regions (Fab or ScFV regions) of the heavy and light chain genes may be cloned and reconstituted in vitro. Cells that produce proteins are preferably established cultured cells.
- monoclonal antibody-producing hybridomas in the case of antibody production, monoclonal antibody-producing hybridomas, established B cells, and the like can be exemplified.
- Cells that can be modified by introducing genes necessary for protein production include mammalian cells such as CHO cells, COS cells, HeLa cells and Vero cells.
- signals related to cell survival are regulated compared to the state before being treated (before addition) with the composition of the present invention.
- signals that upregulate cell viability by enhancing the signal within the cell; for signals that downregulate cell viability, by suppressing the signal within the cell; Cell survival can be enhanced.
- a factor involved in a signal that upregulates cell viability is regulated compared to the state before treatment (before addition) with the composition of the present invention.
- the term “regulation” refers to intracellular enhancement or suppression of a factor involved in a signal that upregulates cell viability when, for example, stress (load) is applied to the cell. Furthermore, in the cells of the present invention, it is preferable that a factor involved in a signal that downregulates cell viability is regulated compared to the state before treatment (before addition) with the composition of the present invention.
- the term “regulation” refers to intracellular enhancement or suppression of a factor involved in a signal that down-regulates cell viability when, for example, stress (load) is applied to the cell.
- Each signal and factor varies depending on the type of cell and the stress applied to the cell, but examples thereof include the signals and factors described in Tables 1 and 2.
- NAD signaling involved in intracellular signal transduction NAD Signaling Pathway
- Protein Kinase A Signaling Protein Kinase A Signaling
- Estrogen Receptor Signaling involved in gene expression control Superpathway of Cholesterol Biosynthesis, which is involved in cell morphology and intracellular maintenance
- CLEAR Signaling Pathway Activation of IRF by Cytosilic Pattern Recognition Receptor, Necroptosis Signaling Pathway for cell death and immunity to viral infection
- Interferon Signaling and Role of Hypercytokinemia/hyperchemokinemia in the Pathogenesis of influenza which enhances NAD signaling, protein kinase A signaling, estrogen receptor signaling, cholesterol biosynthetic signaling, CLEAR signaling, IRF-activated signaling by cytosolic pattern recognition receptors, necroptosis signaling, interferon signaling, and hypertension, respectively.
- Signaling associated with cytokineemia/hyperchemokinemia is suppress NAD signaling involved in intracellular signal transduction (NAD Signal
- Factors that enhance protein kinase A signaling by being enhanced by factors involved in protein kinase A signaling include SMAD3, PRKAG2, NGFR, GNG2, KDELR1, PTPN3, PTPN18, PRKD3, PRKACG, CAMK4, H1-6, REL, PLCD3, PPP1R11, H1-0, SMAD4, PDE, LIPE, PHK, Glycogen phosphorylase, Glucose-1-P, TH, L-DOPA, TnI, CREB1, EBI3, CTNNB1, Histone H3, CREBBP, CREM, CREB, and ATF1 is mentioned.
- Factors that enhance protein kinase A signaling by being inhibited by factors involved in protein kinase A signaling include H1-2, PTPRG, RAF1, PPP1R14B, PRKAR1A, PPP1R14C, H1-6, DUSP9, PXN, H1-4, ITPR3, GNA13, ANAPC10, ADCY9, AKAP10, TCF3, PTPRK, NTN1, cAMP, BAD, PLN, GSK3, Glycogen synthase, NFAT, and ELK1.
- Factors that suppress necroptosis signaling by being enhanced by factors involved in necroptosis signaling include NGFR, CAPN5, MERTK, FADD, FKBP1A, TOMM6, TRADD, TSPO, GLUD1, RBCK1, TIMM10, TNFRSF10B, RIPK1, MIR512-3p, MIR874, MLKL, MIR128-1, and MIR155.
- Factors that suppress necroptosis signaling by being suppressed by factors involved in necroptosis signaling include TIMM44, EIF2AK2, TIMM13, JAK1, TP53, TOMM20, TIMM8B, GLUL, TIMM10, TNIP1, TRADD, CHUK, TOMM22, RB1, TOMM7, BIRC2/3, CYLD, FADD, CFLIPS, CASP8, and MIR873.
- Factors that suppress interferon signaling by being enhanced by factors involved in interferon signaling include IFI35, IFITM3, MED14, BAX, and BCL2.
- Factors that suppress interferon signaling by being suppressed by factors involved in interferon signaling include RELA, JAK1, IFIT1, IFIT3, ISG15, STAT1, STAT2, IPF1, IPF9, PSMB8, IFI6, MX1, IFITM1, IFITM2, TAP1, and BAK1.
- the composition of the present invention can be used without using the composition of the present invention if the expression of such signals and factors involved in the signal is regulated in cells and the survival of the cells can be enhanced. The same effect as in the case can also be obtained.
- Cultivation of cells in the present invention includes a step of transfecting cells with nucleic acids and a step of producing antibodies, proteins and viral vectors in the transfected cells, and can be performed under known culture conditions.
- the culture form of cells may be suspension culture or adhesion culture. Examples include, but are not limited to, culturing at a temperature of 30-37° C., a humidity of 95% RH, and a CO 2 concentration of 5-10% (v/v).
- the temperature, humidity, and CO 2 concentration outside the above ranges may be used as long as the growth of cells that produce desired components and the production of antibodies and viral particles (viral vectors) can be achieved.
- the compositions of the invention may be added simultaneously with the cells and DNA encoding at least one desired component, or the cells and DNA encoding at least one desired component may be added simultaneously. It may be added after incubating (cultivating) the cell suspension containing and.
- the cell suspension is preferably cultured for 1 second to 48 hours, more preferably 1 to 24 hours, even more preferably 2 to 6 hours.
- the culture period of the transfected cells is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 12 to 150 hours, preferably 48 to 120 hours after addition of the composition of the present invention.
- the medium used for culturing may contain components necessary for culturing cells. to which fetal bovine serum, growth factors and peptides have been added, and amino acids have been increased.
- an antibody in the present invention, can be produced by a method commonly practiced in this technical field or a method analogous thereto. Specifically, it can be performed by the following procedure.
- a nucleic acid encoding the antibody obtained based on the amino acid sequence information of the heavy chain variable region and light chain variable region of the desired antibody is constructed and inserted into an appropriate expression vector.
- the expression vector optionally contains a Kozak sequence to increase translation efficiency, a signal sequence to promote secretion of the antibody into the medium when introduced into a host, a promoter sequence, and the like.
- the vector that can be used in the present invention can be selected from those commonly used in this technical field, and the plasmid vector pcDNA3.4 is preferred.
- a plasmid vector using a promoter sequence eg, CHEF1 that promotes transcription of a heterologous gene can also be preferably used.
- the introduction of the expression vector into the host cell is also not particularly limited, and the method for introducing the gene into the cell is a method conventionally used in this technical field, such as the calcium phosphate method, the electroporation method, the lipofection method, and the DEAE method. - Dextran methods known to those skilled in the art can be used. An introduction method using a lipofection method is particularly suitable.
- the host cells used for this purpose can also be those conventionally used in this technical field.
- a nucleic acid encoding an antibody is inserted into an expression vector, the nucleic acid is introduced into a host cell using an expression vector containing the nucleic acid, the host cell into which the nucleic acid has been introduced is cultured, and the culture supernatant is purified by chromatography or the like.
- Antibodies can be obtained by means. In this method, the host cells are cultured to secrete the desired antibody into the culture supernatant. Antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof can be obtained from culture supernatants using purification means such as chromatography. Various means known in the technical field such as affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography can be used as chromatography means. Affinity chromatography using a protein A column is particularly preferred.
- Viral vectors produced in the transfected cells can be recovered from the cells by methods commonly practiced in the art. Examples include extraction from viral vector-producing cells. Examples of the extraction method include a freeze-thaw method, an ultrasonic crushing method, a solution extraction method, and a chemical method of appropriately adjusting the pH and salt concentration of the solution.
- a solution extraction method is exemplified by a method of contacting production cells with a surfactant. The method of bringing the producing cells into contact with the surfactant is carried out by suspending the producing cells collected by centrifugation or filtration in the surfactant, or by adding the surfactant to the culture solution containing the producing cells.
- the amount of surfactant added during extraction may vary depending on the type of surfactant used, but is usually 0.01 to 2.5%, preferably 0.05 to 2%, of the extraction solution containing production cells. %, more preferably 0.1-1.5% final concentration. If the amount of surfactant added is too small, a sufficient amount of viral vector will not be obtained, and if it is too large, the viral vector will be inactivated. When two or more surfactants are used in combination, the total amount is appropriately adjusted so as to be within the above range.
- the surfactant used for extraction is at least one selected from the group consisting of nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants, preferably It is one selected from the group.
- Nonionic surfactants or zwitterionic surfactants are more preferred.
- Nonionic surfactants refer to those that do not become ions in water.
- a known nonionic surfactant can be used as the nonionic surfactant. It is classified into ester type, ether type, ester ether type, alkanolamide type, sugar type and methylglucamine type. Examples of the ester type include polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween (registered trademark) 20), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate (Tween (registered trademark) 40), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate (Tween (registered trademark) ) 60), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween (registered trademark) 80), and the like.
- Examples of the ether type include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether (BriJ (registered trademark) L23, BriJ (registered trademark) L58) and polyoxyethylene isooctylphenyl ether (Triton-X 100 (registered trademark)).
- Examples of the ester ether type include polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene hexitane fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester polyethylene glycol, and polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer (Pluronic (registered trademark)).
- Further examples of the alkanolamide type include N,N-bis[3-(D-gluconamido)propyl]deoxycholamide.
- Examples of glycoforms include alkylmaltosides and alkylglucopyranosides. Alkyl-N-methylglucamine is exemplified as the methylglucamine type.
- Anionic surfactants are those that ionize in water to become organic anions.
- Known anionic surfactants can be used as the anionic surfactant. It is classified into carboxylic acid type, sulfonic acid type, sulfate type and phosphate type. Deoxycholate, cholate and lauroyl sarcosinate are exemplified as those classified into the carboxylic acid type. Further, the sulfonic acid type is exemplified by dodecyl sulfate.
- the salt is preferably sodium salt or lithium salt.
- Cationic surfactants are those that ionize in water to become organic cations.
- a known cationic surfactant can be used as the cationic surfactant. It is classified into an alkylamine salt type and a quaternary ammonium salt type, and examples of the alkylamine salt type include monomethylamine hydrochloride, dimethylamine hydrochloride and trimethylamine hydrochloride. Examples of the quaternary ammonium salt type include hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and myristyltrimethylammonium bromide.
- Amphoteric surfactants refer to surfactants that have both anionic and cationic groups in the molecule.
- a known amphoteric surfactant can be used as the amphoteric surfactant. Examples include alkylamino fatty acid salts, sulfobetaines, alkylbetaines, alkylamine oxides, and the like. Alkylbetaine is preferred. Alkylbetaines include 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethyl-ammonio]propanesulfonic acid (CHAPS).
- a sufficient amount of viral vector can be extracted by adding components necessary for viral vector extraction other than the surfactant.
- the components include the endonuclease and a small amount of MgCl2 required for its activation. Endonucleases are used to degrade contaminating DNA/RNA, nucleic acids mostly derived from cells containing viral vectors.
- the cells When extracting a viral vector from cells containing the viral vector, the cells are usually incubated at 25 to 40°C, preferably 30 to 37°C, for 0.5 to 5 hours, preferably 1 to 3 hours, more preferably about 2 hours. .
- Viral vectors extracted from production cells can be subjected to crude purification such as ultrafiltration and further purification. Further purification includes purification by column chromatography. Purification techniques by column chromatography are well known to those skilled in the art (see, for example, JP-A-2014-237661). One or more of a variety of chromatographic methods can be used for this purification. Chromatographic methods include, for example, affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, reverse phase chromatography, immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, etc., preferably affinity chromatography, ion Exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography, gel filtration chromatography are included.
- Example 1 Viral Vector Production Using Human-Derived Cells
- AAV adeno-associated virus
- the suspended HEK293 cells were cultured with shaking (37° C., 8% CO 2 ) for 3 to 4 days in an Erlenmeyer flask containing a complete synthetic medium for suspension cells (GMEP, HE400AZ). Cells were grown to a cell concentration of ⁇ 4.0 ⁇ 10 6 Viable Cells/mL. After aseptically collecting the obtained cell culture medium, the cell pellet was collected by centrifugation.
- the cell pellet was resuspended in fresh synthetic medium to a cell concentration suitable for AAV2 production, transferred to an Erlenmeyer flask, and cultured with shaking (37°C, 8% CO 2 ). After 3 to 4 hours, the following plasmids (i) to (iii) for producing AAV2 expressing GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) were added to the culture solution together with a transfection reagent (Polyplus, FectoVIR-AAV), and the cells were was transfected.
- GFP Green Fluorescent Protein
- Plasmid encoding AAV2 Rep protein and Cap protein (Takara Bio Inc., pRC2-mi342 Vector) (ii) Plasmid containing E2A sequence, VA sequence and E4 sequence of adenovirus (Takara Bio Inc., pHhelper Vector) (iii) A plasmid containing an expression cassette for the fluorescent protein GFP between the two ITRs of AAV2 (CELL BIOLABS, pAAV-GFP) Approximately 4 hours after transfection, 0.09 to 2.2 V/V % of filtered ethanol was added to the culture volume, and AAV2 was produced for 3 days.
- AAV2 was extracted from the cell pellet using a commercially available AAV extraction kit (Takara, AAVpro Extraction Solution) according to the procedure of the kit, and the extract was frozen at -80°C.
- AAV2 in the culture supernatant and extracted from the producing cells was quantified by the Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) method according to the procedure shown below.
- DNase was added to the culture supernatant and the AAV2 extract from the producing cells to digest nucleic acids present outside the AAV2 particles in the measurement sample, and then DNase activity was stopped.
- the AAV2 capsid protein was degraded with Proteinase K to extract the AAV genome embedded in the AAV2 particles, and then the action of Proteinase K was terminated to obtain an AAV2 genome extract.
- the resulting AAV2 genome extract was subjected to ddPCR using two types of primers that amplify the nucleotide sequences of the ITR (Inverted Terminal Repeat) region and the GFP region of the AAV2 genome, and the amount of AAV2 produced in the sample was determined. Absolute quantification was performed. In addition, from the ratio of ddPCR droplets in which both the ITR region and the GFP region were detected, the ratio of AAV2 containing the complete AAV2 genome contained in the AAV2 particles containing the AAV2 genome produced under each condition was calculated.
- ITR Inverted Terminal Repeat
- FIGS. 1A and 1B Relative values of the concentration of AAV2 in cell extracts and culture supernatants when ethanol was added at various concentrations compared to when ethanol was not added during AAV2 production are shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, respectively.
- Figures 2A and 2B show the percentage of AAV2 containing the complete genome among the AAV2 contained in the cell extract and the culture supernatant at the concentrations added with ethanol. From the results of FIGS. 1A and 1B, the addition of ethanol during AAV2 production (especially to the extent that it does not exceed 1.1 v/v%) improves the AAV2 genome titer both in cells and in the culture supernatant. Was.
- the addition of ethanol enhanced the activity of AAV2-producing cells involved in AAV2 production and suppressed the metabolic system that suppresses AAV2 production.
- the cells proliferate at levels equal to or higher than the control conditions even during AAV2 production, and the viability of the production cells on day 3 after transfection (Viability) remained higher than in the control condition (Fig. 1C).
- the addition of ethanol during AAV2 production improves the proportion of the complete genome in AAV2, and in particular, AAV2 in the producing cells reaches about 2 v/v%.
- addition of ethanol clearly increased the proportion of complete genomes.
- AAV2 particles particles containing the AAV2 genome and whole particles not containing the AAV2 genome extracted from the culture supernatant and the production cells were obtained using a commercially available AAV2 ELISA kit (Progene, AAV2 Titration ELISA). was used and measured according to the kit procedure. From the total number of AAV2 particles quantified by ELISA and the quantified value of particles containing the complete AAV2 genome obtained from ddPCR, the ratio of AAV2 particles containing the complete AAV2 genome (Full rate) was calculated. Table 3 shows the full rate when ethanol was added during AAV2 production and when ethanol was not added.
- the AAV2 vector which was produced under the condition of adding ethanol and had improved viral genome integrity, infected the cells and expressed GFP per amount of extract from the cells. high, indicating high infectious titers.
- Proteome analysis and pathway analysis during viral vector production In order to identify metabolic changes and important factors that occurred in AAV2-producing cells when ethanol was added, ethanol was added during AAV2 production with and without addition. Intracellular proteins were extracted from the cells and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). bottom. Based on the obtained proteome analysis results, pathway analysis software Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA, Qiagen) was used to determine the pathways that were activated or suppressed during AAV2 production and the control of pathways depending on the presence or absence of the addition of ethanol. Affected proteins were identified.
- Figure 3 shows a heat map of the pathways that changed during AAV2 production with or without the addition of ethanol. Tables 5 and 6 show the proteins that increased or decreased.
- Fold Change is the fold increase or decrease in protein relative to the control (no ethanol addition) at the same time. When not detected in the control but highly expressed when ethanol was added, it is indicated as 100, and when it was highly expressed in the control but not detected when ethanol was added, it is indicated as -100.
- SMAD3 is a protein involved in the early stages of the pathway in Protein Kinase A Signaling, and its increase greatly contributes to the activation of the pathway.
- decreased expression of proteins such as GLUL, TIMM10, TNIP1, TOMM7, IFIT1, IFIT3, ISG15, and IFI35 significantly suppress pathways related to cell death and resistance to viruses such as AAV, such as necroptosis signaling and interferon signaling. contributing.
- Example 2 Viral vector production by the same procedure as in Example 1, except that ethanol was changed to glycerol, methanol, or isopropanol in the composition of the present invention to be added in "1.
- Viral vector production using human-derived cells in Example 1. , and the amount of AAV2 produced in production cells 3 days after transfection and the genomic integrity in the produced AAV2 particles at the time of analysis are shown in Table 7.
- Example 3 Viral vector production by the same procedure as in Example 1, except that ethanol was changed to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in the composition of the present invention to be added in "1.
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- DMSO which is not alcohol
- DMSO is generally said to have a protective function during cryopreservation of cells, but it is said to be toxic to cells, but at low concentrations, it has the effect of improving cell growth and substance production. It turns out that there is
- Example 4 Of the three types of plasmid DNA transfected in Example 1, "1. Viral vector production using human-derived cells,” (i) plasmids encoding the Rep and Cap proteins of AAV2 were transfected, and a plasmid encoding the Cap protein, or (v) a plasmid encoding the Rep protein and Cap protein of AAV6. Table 9 shows the results regarding the productivity of AAV1 and AAV6 in the culture supernatant and cells 3 days after the injection.
- Example 5 Antibody Production by Chinese Hamster-Derived Cells Addition of the composition of the present invention during antibody production was investigated in order to improve antibody productivity by Chinese hamster-derived cells (CHO cells). Specific procedures are shown below. An expression plasmid for antibody production was introduced into the suspended CHO cells (DG44), and shaking culture (37°C, 5% CO 2 ) and grown to a cell concentration of 1.0-4.0 ⁇ 10 6 Viable Cells/mL. After aseptically collecting the obtained cell culture medium, the cell pellet was collected by centrifugation.
- DG44 suspended CHO cells
- shaking culture 37°C, 5% CO 2
- the cell pellet was resuspended in fresh medium to a cell concentration of 5.0 ⁇ 10 5 Viable Cells/mL suitable for antibody production and transferred to an Erlenmeyer flask (37° C., 5% CO 2 ). Thereafter, 0.25 V/V %, 0.5 V/V %, and 0.75 V/V % of filtered ethanol were added to the culture volume, respectively, and antibody (Bevacizumab) was produced for 7 days. No ethanol was added to the control (0 V/V %).
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Abstract
Description
遺伝子導入の方法としては、レトロウイルスやレンチウイルス、アデノ随伴ウイルスベクターを用いた方法と、リポフェクション法、エレクトロポレーション法、マイクロインジェクション法など物理化学的方法の2つに大別される。
一方、遺伝子治療等の医療分野において、ヒトを含む哺乳動物細胞に遺伝子を導入する方法としては、ウイルス由来の遺伝子導入用のベクター(以下、ウイルスベクター)を用いる方法が一般的である。ウイルスベクターとは、遺伝子組み換え技術を用いて天然由来のウイルスを改変し、所望の遺伝子等を標的に移入することができるようにしたベクターのことで、近年技術開発が進んでいる。
ウイルスベクターの由来となるウイルスとしては、レトロウイルスやレンチウイルス、センダイウイルス、ならびにヘルペスウイルス等のエンベロープを持つウイルス、アデノウイルス、アデノ随伴ウイルス(以下、AAV)等のエンベロープを持たないウイルス(以下、非エンベロープウイルス)がよく知られている。
特にAAVはヒトを含む広範な種の細胞に感染可能で、分化を終えた非分裂細胞にも感染すること、ヒトに対する病原性がないため副作用の心配が低いこと、ウイルス粒子が物理化学的に安定であること等から、遺伝子治療法に用いる遺伝子導入用のベクターとして有望視されている。
一般的にAAVは、ヒト胎児腎細胞293(HEK293細胞)等の哺乳類細胞にAAV産生に必要なプラスミドDNAを導入する事で生産されるが、生産性の低さに加え、AAVのキャプシド内へのAAVゲノムのパッケージング率、キャプシド内にパッケージングされたAAVゲノムの断片化など、品質面での課題があることが知られている。
しかしながら、ウイルスゲノム産生量やウイルスゲノム完全性が向上したウイルスベクターを製造する方法、及びその為の組成物については知られていない。
また、ウイルスベクターを生産するにあたり、その由来となるウイルスは、例えばAAVの場合、HEK293細胞等の哺乳動物細胞にAAV産生に必要なプラスミドDNAを導入することで調製することができ、タンパク質の生産と同様に、AAV産生に必要なプラスミドDNAの細胞への導入や導入したプラスミドDNAの細胞内での発現増強が必要である。
本発明者らは、上記課題に鑑み、プラスミドを細胞にトランスフェクションする際の条件や細胞内のプラスミドの発現を増強する条件を鋭意検討した。結果、アルコール類やジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)等の有機溶媒の存在下でトランスフェクションすることにより、非存在下に比べて、ウイルスベクターのウイルスゲノム産生量及びゲノム完全性が向上していることがわかった。タンパク質産生細胞の場合には、よりタンパク質の生産量が向上していることがわかった。
また、トランスフェクションする際のみでなく、細胞とアルコール類やジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)等の有機溶媒を接触させることによっても、タンパク質産生細胞の場合には、よりタンパク質の生産量が向上し、ウイルスベクターの場合には、ウイルスベクターのウイルスゲノム産生量及びゲノム完全性が向上することがわかった。
さらにその好適な反応条件を決定することに成功し、本発明を完成するに至った。
[1]有機溶媒を含む細胞添加用の組成物であって、該有機溶媒が細胞中で少なくとも1つの所望の成分の生産を増強する、組成物。
[2]添加後の細胞において、添加前の細胞に対して細胞の生存に関わるシグナルが調節されていることを特徴とする、上記[1]記載の組成物。
[3]シグナルの調節がシグナルの増強である、上記[2]記載の組成物。
[4]シグナルが、プロテインキナーゼAシグナルである、上記[3]記載の組成物。
[5]シグナルの増強が、シグナルに関わる因子の発現の調節によるものである、上記[3]又は[4]記載の組成物。
[6]因子の発現の調節が増強である、上記[5]記載の組成物。
[7]因子の発現の調節が抑制である、上記[5]記載の組成物。
[8]シグナルの調節がシグナルの抑制である、上記[2]記載の組成物。
[9]シグナルが、ネクロプトーシスシグナル及びインターフェロンシグナルからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、上記[8]記載の組成物。
[10]シグナルの抑制が、シグナルに関わる因子の発現の調節によるものである、上記[8]又は[9]記載の組成物。
[12]因子の発現の調節が抑制である、上記[10]記載の組成物。
[13]細胞の生存及び/又は細胞の活性を高める、上記[1]~[12]のいずれかに記載の組成物。
[14]所望の成分が抗体及び/又はウイルスベクターである、上記[1]~[13]のいずれかに記載の組成物。
[15]核酸のトランスフェクション用である、上記[1]~[14]のいずれかに記載の組成物。
[16]核酸の発現増強用である、上記[1]~[14]のいずれかに記載の組成物。
[17]核酸がタンパク質をコードするDNAである、上記[15]又は[16]記載の組成物。
[18]前記DNAが、抗体及びウイルスベクターからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の産生に関わるDNAである、上記[17]記載の組成物。
[19]前記ウイルスベクターが、パルボウイルス科又はレトロウイルス科に属するウイルス由来である、上記[18]記載の組成物。
[20]前記ウイルスベクターが、アデノ随伴ウイルス(AAV)ベクターである、上記[18]又は[19]記載の組成物。
[22]ウイルスパッケージタンパク質が、REPおよびCAPからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、上記[21]記載の組成物。
[23]ヘルパータンパク質が、アデノウイルス由来E1A、E1B、E2A、E4、及びVAからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、上記[21]記載の組成物。
[24]有機溶媒が、アルコール類及び/又はジメチルスルホキシドを含む、上記[1]~[23]のいずれかに記載の組成物。
[25]細胞と有機溶媒を含む組成物を接触させ、細胞中で少なくとも1つの所望の成分の生産を増強する方法。
[26]細胞及び有機溶媒を含む反応混合物をインキュベートし、細胞中で少なくとも1つの所望の成分の生産を増強する方法。
[27]前記細胞が、少なくとも1つの所望の成分の生産に関わるDNAが導入された細胞である、上記[25]又は[26]に記載の方法。
[28]有機溶媒を含む組成物との接触後、又はインキュベート後の細胞において、接触前、又はインキュベート前の細胞に対して細胞の生存に関わるシグナルが調節されていることを特徴とする、上記[25]又は[26]に記載の方法。
[29]シグナルの調節がシグナルの増強である、上記[28]記載の方法。
[30]シグナルが、プロテインキナーゼAシグナルである、上記[29]記載の方法。
[32]因子の発現の調節が増強である、上記[31]記載の方法。
[33]因子の発現の調節が抑制である、上記[31]記載の方法。
[34]シグナルの調節がシグナルの抑制である、上記[28]記載の方法。
[35]シグナルが、ネクロプトーシスシグナル及びインターフェロンシグナルからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、上記[34]記載の方法。
[36]シグナルの抑制が、シグナルに関わる因子の発現の調節によるものである、上記[34]又は[35]記載の方法。
[37]因子の発現の調節が増強である、上記[36]記載の方法。
[38]因子の発現の調節が抑制である、上記[36]記載の方法。
[39]細胞の生存及び/又は細胞の活性を高める、上記[25]~[38]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[40]所望の成分が抗体及び/又はウイルスベクターである、上記[25]~[39]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[42]トランスフェクションした核酸の発現を増強する、上記[41]記載の方法。
[43]トランスフェクション後の細胞において、トランスフェクション前の細胞に対して細胞の生存に関わるシグナルが調節されていることを特徴とする、上記[41]又は[42]記載の方法。
[44]シグナルの調節がシグナルの増強である、上記[43]記載の方法。
[45]シグナルが、プロテインキナーゼAシグナルである、上記[44]記載の方法。
[46]シグナルの増強が、シグナルに関わる因子の発現の調節によるものである、上記[44]又は[45]記載の方法。
[47]因子の発現の調節が増強である、上記[46]記載の方法。
[48]因子の発現の調節が抑制である、上記[46]記載の方法。
[49]シグナルの調節がシグナルの抑制である、上記[43]記載の方法。
[50]シグナルが、ネクロプトーシスシグナル及びインターフェロンシグナルからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、上記[49]記載の方法。
[52]因子の発現の調節が増強である、上記[51]記載の方法。
[53]因子の発現の調節が抑制である、上記[51]記載の方法。
[54]核酸がタンパク質をコードするDNAである、上記[41]~[53]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[55]前記DNAが、抗体及びウイルスベクターからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の産生に関わるDNAである、上記[54]に記載の方法。
[56]前記ウイルスベクターが、パルボウイルス科又はレトロウイルス科に属するウイルス由来である、上記[55]に記載の方法。
[57]前記ウイルスベクターが、アデノ随伴ウイルス(AAV)ベクターである、上記[55]又は[56]に記載の方法。
[58]前記DNAが、ウイルスパッケージングタンパク質とヘルパータンパク質とをコードする1つまたは複数のDNAである、上記[54]~[57]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[59]ウイルスパッケージタンパク質が、REPおよびCAPからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、上記[58]に記載の方法。
[60]ヘルパータンパク質が、アデノウイルス由来E1A、E1B、E2A、E4、及びVAからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、上記[58]に記載の方法。
[62]有機溶媒の含有量が、反応混合物全量に対して2V/V%以下であることを特徴とする、上記[61]に記載の方法。
[63]反応混合物に、さらに、トランスフェクション試薬を含む、上記[41]~[62]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[64]アルコール類が、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノールおよびグリセリンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、上記[24]に記載の組成物、又は上記[61]~[63]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[65]細胞と少なくとも1つの所望の成分をコードするDNAとを含む細胞懸濁液をインキュベートする第1工程、
インキュベートした細胞懸濁液に有機溶媒を添加して反応混合物を調製する第2工程、及び
反応混合物をインキュベートする第3工程、
を含む、
細胞を所望の成分をコードするDNAでトランスフェクションする方法であり、
有機溶媒が、アルコール類であり、
アルコール類の含有量が、前記反応混合物全量に対して、2V/V%以下であることを特徴とする方法。
[66]上記[41]~[64]のいずれかに記載の方法で細胞をトランスフェクトすることを特徴とするトランスフェクトされた細胞の製造方法。
[67]上記[66]に記載の製造方法で得られた細胞からウイルスベクターを得ることを特徴とするウイルスベクターの製造方法。
本発明において核酸発現増強用組成物は、細胞内での核酸の発現を増強することを特徴とする。例えば抗体等のタンパク質の生産に関わる核酸(DNA)を恒常的に発現するように操作された細胞に、本発明の核酸発現増強用組成物を添加することにより、該核酸の発現が増強され、所望の成分(例、抗体等のタンパク質)の生産を増強することができる。
本発明においてトランスフェクション用組成物は、核酸を細胞にトランスフェクションする際に用いられることを特徴とするが、核酸を細胞に導入する為に必要なもの(いわゆるトランスフェクション試薬)ではなく、用いることによって、細胞内で産生される抗体等のタンパク質やウイルスベクターの産生量や産生されたウイルスゲノムの完全性の向上に寄与する。
当該方法の別の一実施形態は、生産の増強が求められる、少なくとも1つの所望の成分をコードする核酸が導入された細胞及び有機溶媒を含む反応混合物をインキュベートする方法である。
当該方法の別の一実施態様は、少なくとも1つの所望の成分をコードする核酸が導入された細胞及び有機溶媒を含む反応混合物をインキュベートする工程を含み、該有機溶媒は、好ましくはアルコール類及び/又はジメチルスルホキシドである。
細胞と少なくとも1つの所望の成分をコードするDNAとを含む細胞懸濁液をインキュベートする第1工程、
インキュベートした細胞懸濁液に有機溶媒を添加して反応混合物を調製する第2工程、及び
反応混合物をインキュベートする第3工程、
を含み、該有機溶媒がアルコール類であり、該アルコール類の含有量が、前記反応混合物全量に対して、2V/V%以下であることを特徴とする。
所望の成分がウイルスベクターの場合は、トランスフェクションの際の反応混合物中の有機溶媒の使用量は、細胞内で生産されるウイルスゲノムの完全性を向上(増強)させる点で、トランスフェクション時の反応混合物全量に対して、0.05~2V/V%、0.1~1.8V/V%、0.2~1.5V/V%、0.28~1.11V/V%もまた好ましい態様である。
本発明において産生する対象となるウイルスベクターの由来となるウイルスとしては、レトロウイルスやレンチウイルス、センダイウイルス、ならびにヘルペスウイルス等のエンベロープを持つウイルス、アデノウイルス、AAV等のエンベロープを持たないウイルス(以下、非エンベロープウイルス)等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。エンベロープは、ウイルスが核、小胞体、ゴルジ装置、原形質膜、細胞膜等の膜を貫通して出芽する際に形成され、通常宿主由来のタンパク質又は宿主の細胞膜上に発現したウイルスのタンパク質を伴っており、標的細胞への感染に重要な役割を担っている。
ウイルスベクターは、核酸の細胞への導入/移入、及び細胞内に挿入された核酸の転写又は翻訳のための、遺伝子操作(すなわち、「クローニングベクター」)に使用できる。「発現ベクター」は、宿主細胞内の発現に必要な調節領域を持つ遺伝子又は核酸配列を含む、特殊ベクターである。ベクター核酸配列は、一般に、少なくとも細胞内での増殖のための複製起点と、任意選択で異種ポリヌクレオチド配列、発現制御要素(例えば、プロモーター、エンハンサー)、イントロン、ITR(複数可)、選択マーカー(例えば、抗生物質耐性)、ポリアデニル化シグナルのような追加要素を含む。
ウイルスベクターは、ウイルスゲノムを含む1つ又は複数の核酸要素に由来するか、又は基づく。
ウイルスベクターを製造する方法は、ウイルスを利用する方法とウイルスを利用しない方法とに大別されるが、本発明では、所望の成分をコードする核酸、好ましくは1以上の所望の成分をコードする核酸を細胞にトランスフェクションすることを含む。
具体的には、ウイルスパッケージングタンパク質とヘルパータンパク質とをコードする1つ又は複数のDNAを、トランスフェクション試薬を用いて細胞に導入する。ウイルスパッケージングタンパク質をコードするDNAとヘルパータンパク質をコードするDNAとは別々のプラスミドで提供されてもよいが一つのプラスミドとすることもできる。ウイルスベクター産生に係るDNA以外の核酸を導入する場合には、両端のITR(Inverted terminal repeat)に目的遺伝子を含む核酸を挟み込んで導入したベクタープラスミドを、好ましくはウイルスパッケージングタンパク質とヘルパータンパク質とをコードする1つ又は複数のDNAと同時にトランスフェクションする。目的遺伝子としては、後述の「3.核酸」の項に挙げる、機能性核酸、mRNA若しくはその断片、又はその組合せ等が挙げられる。
「ウイルスパッケージングタンパク質」という用語は、例えばAAVの場合、AAVがその複製に依存する非AAV由来のウイルス及び/又は細胞機能を指す。本願発明で使用されるウイルスパッケージングタンパク質、例えばAAVの場合、「AAVパッケージングタンパク質」であり、生産的なAAV複製のためにトランスで機能するAAV由来配列を有する。AAVパッケージングタンパク質は、主要なAAVオープンリーディングフレーム(ORF)、REP及びCAPによってコードされる。REPタンパク質は、とりわけ、DNA複製のAAVオリジンの認識、結合、及びニッキング;DNAヘリカーゼ活性;並びにAAV(又は他の異種)プロモーターからの転写の調節を含む、多くの機能を持っていることが示されている。CAP(キャプシド)タンパク質は、必要なパッケージング機能を提供する。
「ヘルパータンパク質をコードする核酸」という用語は、一般に、ヘルパー機能(複数可)を提供するタンパク質をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む核酸分子(複数可)を指す。ヘルパータンパク質(複数可)をコードする核酸(複数可)を含むベクターを適切な宿主細胞にトランスフェクトすることができ、ここではベクターは宿主細胞におけるウイルス(例、AAV)粒子産生に使用することができる。
ヘルパータンパク質としては、アデノウイルス由来要素、例えばE1A、E1B、E2、E4、VA等が挙げられる。
一例として、AAVベクターの作製は、ITRの間を目的遺伝子と置換したベクタープラスミド、REP、CAPを発現するパッケージングプラスミド、E2A、E4、VAを発現するヘルパープラスミドをともに293細胞(後述、E1A、E1Bを発現している)にトランスフェクションして作製する。
「核酸」という用語は、ポリヌクレオチドとも言い得、本明細書ではデオキシリボ核酸(DNA)及びリボ核酸(RNA)を含む全ての形態の核酸及びポリヌクレオチドを指すために互換的に使用される。核酸及びポリヌクレオチドには、ゲノムDNA、cDNA及びアンチセンスDNA、並びにスプライス又は非スプライスmRNA、rRNA、tRNA及び阻害性DNA又はRNA(RNAi、例えば、スモール又は短ヘアピン(sh)RNA、マイクロRNA(miRNA)、スモール又は短干渉(si)RNA、トランススプライシングRNA、又はアンチセンスRNA)が含まれる。核酸及びポリヌクレオチドには、天然に存在する、合成の、及び意図的に修飾又は改変された配列が含まれる。
本発明の組成物は、有機溶媒を含む細胞添加用の組成物であって、該有機溶媒が細胞中で少なくとも1つの所望の成分の生産を増強する、組成物である。「所望の成分」としては、上記、項1に記載の「ウイルスベクター」や項3に記載の「核酸」及びそれにコードされるタンパク質等が挙げられる。好ましくはタンパク質及び/又はウイルスベクターである。本発明の組成物で処理することにより、細胞の生存を高めることができる。本発明の組成物は細胞と接触させることで使用でき、細胞内での所望の成分の発現を増強することができる。また、本発明の組成物は核酸を細胞にトランスフェクションする際に使用することができる。本発明の組成物を核酸の細胞へのトランスフェクションの際に使用することにより、例えば核酸がタンパク質の産生に関わるDNAの場合、細胞内で生産されるタンパク質(例、抗体)の生産量を増加させることができる。核酸がウイルスベクターの産生に関わるDNAの場合、細胞内で生産されるウイルスゲノムの産生量及び/又はウイルスゲノムの完全性を向上させる。好ましい組成物は、タンパク質の産生量を向上(増加)させ、ウイルスゲノムの産生量及びウイルスゲノムの完全性を向上(増強)させるものである。
また、本発明において用いる組成物は、核酸を細胞にトランスフェクションする際に使用することにより、キャプシドタンパク質の殻の内部にウイルスゲノムを含むウイルスベクターの産生量及び/又はウイルスベクター内に含まれるウイルスゲノムの完全性を向上(増強)させるものである。好ましい組成物としては、キャプシドタンパク質の殻の内部にウイルスゲノムを含むウイルスベクターの産生量及びウイルスベクター内に含まれるウイルスゲノムの完全性を向上(増強)させるものである。
さらに、本発明において用いる組成物は、核酸を細胞にトランスフェクションする際に使用することにより、ウイルスゲノムの完全体を含むウイルスベクターの産生量を向上させるものである。
アルコールとは、炭化水素の水素原子をヒドロキシ基に置き換えた物質で本願明細書ではそれらを総称してアルコール類とする。アルコール類としては好ましくは炭素数1~6の低級アルコールであり、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノールおよびグリセリンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である。
所望の成分がウイルスベクターの場合は、トランスフェクションの際の組成物中の有機溶媒の使用量は、細胞内で生産されるウイルスゲノムの完全性を向上(増強)させる点で、トランスフェクション時の反応混合物全量に対して、0.05~2V/V%、0.1~1.8V/V%、0.2~1.5V/V%、0.28~1.11V/V%もまた好ましい態様である。
本発明におけるトランスフェクション用反応混合物は、細胞内で産生される抗体等のタンパク質やウイルスベクターの産生量及び/又はウイルスゲノムの完全性の向上に寄与すれば特に限定されないが、細胞と、核酸と、有機溶媒とを含む組成物である。より好ましいトランスフェクション用反応混合物としては、細胞と、核酸と、有機溶媒と、トランスフェクション試薬とを含む組成物である。
本発明のトランスフェクション用反応混合物の調製方法としては、細胞、核酸及び有機溶媒を同時に添加してもよく、細胞と核酸とを含む細胞懸濁液を調製した後に有機溶媒を添加してもよい。さらに、本発明のトランスフェクション用反応混合物がトランスフェクション試薬を含む場合、細胞、核酸、有機溶媒及びトランスフェクション試薬を同時に添加してもよく、細胞と、核酸と、トランスフェクション試薬とを含む細胞懸濁液を調製した後に有機溶媒を添加してもよい。
本発明のトランスフェクション用反応混合物をトランスフェクションの際に用いることで、細胞の生存率が向上する。
また、本発明のトランスフェクション用反応混合物は、前述した成分以外にトランスフェクションに有意に働く既知の成分(その他の成分)を含んでもよい。その他の成分としては、バルプロ酸やそのナトリウム塩、酪酸ナトリウム、カフェイン等が挙げられる。その他の成分を含む場合、細胞、核酸、有機溶媒及びその他の成分、並びに所望によりトランスフェクション試薬を同時に添加してもよく、細胞と、核酸と、所望によりトランスフェクション試薬とを含む細胞懸濁液を調製した後に有機溶媒と、その他の成分とを添加してもよい。
本発明において、少なくとも1つの所望の成分(例、タンパク質、ウイルスベクター)を生産する為に使用する細胞としては、所望の成分がその内部で生産され増殖可能であれば特に制限はない。所望の成分がウイルスベクターの場合、好ましくはウイルスの産生に必要な遺伝子の一部が導入された細胞であり、それのみではウイルスの産生が起こらないパッケージング細胞である。真核細胞由来であり、好ましくはトランスフェクション効率が高いHEK293細胞やHEK293T細胞、HEK293F細胞、HEK293FT細胞、G3T-hi細胞、Sf9細胞、市販のウイルス産生用細胞株、AAV293細胞等が挙げられる。より好ましくはヒト由来であり、特に好ましくはHEK293細胞である。また、例えば、前記HEK293細胞等はアデノウイルスE1タンパク質を恒常的に発現するが、このような、組換えアデノウイルスに必要なタンパク質の1つ又はいくつかを一過的もしくは恒常的に発現するように改変した細胞であってもよい。
また、本発明の細胞は、本発明の組成物で処理される前(添加する前)の状態に比べて細胞の生存度を上方制御するシグナルに関わる因子が調節されていることが好ましい。ここで「調節」とは、例えば細胞にストレス(負荷)を与えた場合に、細胞の生存度を上方制御するシグナルに関わる因子が細胞内で増強又は抑制されていることをいう。
さらに、本発明の細胞は、本発明の組成物で処理される前(添加する前)の状態に比べて細胞の生存度を下方制御するシグナルに関わる因子が調節されていることが好ましい。ここで「調節」とは、例えば細胞にストレス(負荷)を与えた場合に、細胞の生存度を下方制御するシグナルに関わる因子が細胞内で増強又は抑制されていることをいう。
各シグナル及び因子は、細胞の種類や細胞に与えられるストレスによっても異なるが、例えば表1及び表2に記載の各シグナル及び因子が挙げられる。
細胞内のシグナル伝達に関わるNADシグナリング(NAD Signaling Pathway)、
プロテインキナーゼAシグナリング(Protein Kinase A Signaling)、
遺伝子発現制御に関わるエストロゲン受容体シグナリング(Estrogen Receptor Signaling)、
細胞形態や細胞内メンテナンスに関わるコレステロール生合成シグナリング(Superpathway of Cholesterol Biosynthesis)、
CLEARシグナリング(CLEAR Signaling Pathway)、
サイトゾルパターン認識受容体によるIRF活性化シグナリング(Activation of IRF by Cytosilic Pattern Recognition Receptor)、
細胞死やウイルス感染に対する免疫に関するネクロプトーシスシグナリング(Necroptosis Signaling Pathway)、
インターフェロンシグナリング(Interferon Signaling)、及び
高サイトカイン血症/高ケモキネミアに関わるシグナリング(Role of Hypercytokinemia/hyperchemokinemia in the Pathogenesis of influenza)
が挙げられ、それぞれNADシグナリング、プロテインキナーゼAシグナリング、エストロゲン受容体シグナリング、コレステロール生合成シグナリング、CLEARシグナリング、サイトゾルパターン認識受容体によるIRF活性化シグナリングが増強され、ネクロプトーシスシグナリング、インターフェロンシグナリング、高サイトカイン血症/高ケモキネミアに関わるシグナリングが抑制される。
好ましくは、増強されるシグナルとして、プロテインキナーゼAシグナリングが挙げられ、抑制されるシグナルとして、ネクロプトーシスシグナリング及びインターフェロンシグナリングが挙げられる。
細胞内でこのような細胞の生存に関わるシグナル及びシグナルに関わる因子の発現が調節され、細胞の生存を高めることができれば、本発明の組成物を用いることなく、本発明の組成物を用いた場合と同様の効果を得ることもできる。
本発明において抗体は本技術分野で一般的に実施されている方法又はそれに準じた方法によって製造することができる。具体的には、以下の手順で行うことができる。
所望する抗体の重鎖可変領域と軽鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列情報に基づき得られた該抗体をコードする核酸を構築し、適当な発現ベクターに挿入する。発現ベクターは、抗体をコードする核酸に加えて、任意に、翻訳効率を上げるためのコザック配列、宿主に導入された際に抗体が培地中に分泌することを促進するシグナル配列、およびプロモーター配列などを含むことができる。本発明で使用することができるベクターは、本技術分野で一般的に使用されているものから選択することができるが、プラスミドベクターであるpcDNA3.4が好ましい。異種遺伝子の転写を促進するようなプロモーター配列(例、CHEF1)を用いたプラスミドベクターもまた好ましく使用できる。発現ベクターの宿主細胞への導入も特に限定されず、細胞内に遺伝子を導入する方法としては本技術分野で従来から使用されている方法、例えば、リン酸カルシウム法、エレクトロポレーション法、リポフェクション法、DEAE-デキストラン法の当業者に公知の方法を用いることができる。リポフェクション法を用いた導入方法は特に好適である。なおこの目的に使用される宿主細胞も、本技術分野で従来から使用されているものを使用することができる。
上記トランスフェクトされた細胞内で産生されたウイルスベクターを、該細胞から回収する方法は当分野で通常実施される方法で行うことができる。例えば、ウイルスベクター生産細胞からの抽出が挙げられる。抽出方法としては、凍結融解法、超音波破砕法、溶液抽出法、及び溶液のpHや塩濃度を適宜調節する化学的な方法が例示される。溶液抽出法としては、生産細胞を界面活性剤と接触させる方法が例示される。生産細胞を界面活性剤と接触させる方法は、遠心分離やろ過によって回収された生産細胞の界面活性剤への懸濁、又は生産細胞を含む培養液への界面活性剤の添加により実施される。抽出時の界面活性剤の添加量は、使用する界面活性剤の種類によって変動し得るが、通常、生産細胞を含む抽出溶液に対し0.01~2.5%、好ましくは0.05~2%、より好ましくは0.1~1.5%の終濃度で添加する。界面活性剤の添加量が少なすぎると十分な量のウイルスベクターが得られず、多すぎるとウイルスベクターが失活する。2種以上の界面活性剤を併用する場合には、その合計量が上記範囲内になるように適宜調整する。
さらなる精製としては、カラムクロマトグラフィーによる精製が挙げられる。カラムクロマトグラフィーによる精製技術は当業者に周知である(例えば、特開2014-237661号公報参照)。様々なクロマトグラフィー法の1つ又は複数をこの精製のために用いることができる。クロマトグラフィー法としては、例えば、アフィニティークロマトグラフィー、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー、疎水クロマトグラフィー、ゲルろ過クロマトグラフィー、逆相クロマトグラフィー、固定化金属イオンアフィニティークロマトグラフィー等が挙げられ、好ましくはアフィニティークロマトグラフィー、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー、疎水クロマトグラフィー、ゲルろ過クロマトグラフィーが挙げられる。
1.ヒト由来細胞によるウイルスベクターの生産
ヒト由来細胞によるアデノ随伴ウイルス(AAV)ベクターの生産性、及び品質の向上のため、AAV2ベクター生産時の本発明の組成物の添加を検討した。具体的な手順を下記に示す。
浮遊化されたHEK293細胞を、浮遊細胞用の完全合成培地(GMEP社、HE400AZ)を入れた三角フラスコにて、3~4日間振とう培養(37℃、8%CO2)し、2.5~4.0×106 Viable Cells/mLの細胞濃度になるまで増殖させた。
得られた細胞培養液を無菌的に回収した後、遠心分離により細胞ペレットを回収した。細胞ペレットをAAV2生産に適した細胞濃度となるように、フレッシュな完全合成培地で再懸濁し、三角フラスコに移した後、振とう培養した(37℃、8%CO2)。
3~4時間後、GFP(Green Fluorescent Protein)を発現するAAV2生産用の下記(i)~(iii)のプラスミドを、トランスフェクション試薬(Polyplus社、FectoVIR-AAV)と共に培養液に添加し、細胞をトランスフェクションした。
(i)AAV2のRepタンパク質及びCapタンパク質をコードするプラスミド(タカラバイオ社、pRC2-mi342 Vector)
(ii)アデノウイルスのE2A配列、VA配列、E4配列を含むプラスミド(タカラバイオ社、pHelper Vector)
(iii)AAV2の2つのITRの間に蛍光タンパク質GFPの発現カセットを含むプラスミド(CELL BIOLABS社、pAAV-GFP)
トランスフェクションから約4時間後、培養液量に対して0.09~2.2V/V%のろ過済みエタノールを添加し、3日間AAV2を生産させた。
トランスフェクションから3日後、AAV2を生産したHEK293細胞培養液を採取し、遠心分離により培養上清と細胞ペレットを分離後、培養上清を-80℃にて凍結した。細胞ペレットは、市販のAAV抽出キット(Takara社、AAVpro Extraction Solution)を用い、キットの手順に従ってAAV2を抽出後、抽出液を-80℃にて凍結した。
培養上清中、及び生産細胞から抽出したAAV2を、以下に示す手順により、Droplet Digital PCR(ddPCR)法で定量した。
培養上清、及び生産細胞からのAAV2抽出液にDNaseを添加して、測定サンプル中のAAV2粒子外に存在する核酸を消化した後、DNaseの活性を停止した。続けてProteinase Kにて、AAV2のキャプシドタンパク質を分解し、AAV2粒子内に包埋されているAAVゲノムを抽出した後、Proteinase Kの働きを停止させて、AAV2ゲノム抽出液を得た。
得られたAAV2ゲノム抽出液に対して、AAV2ゲノムのITR(Inverted Terminal Repeat)領域、及びGFP領域の塩基配列を増幅する2種類のプライマーを用いたddPCRを行い、サンプル中のAAV2の産生量を絶対定量した。
また、ITR領域、及びGFP領域の両方を検出したddPCRのドロップレットの割合から、各条件で産生したAAV2のゲノムを含むAAV2粒子に含まれるAAV2ゲノムの完全体を含むAAV2の割合を算出した。
AAV2生産時にエタノールを添加しなかった時に対して、各種濃度でエタノールを添加した際の、細胞抽出液中、及び培養上清中のAAV2の濃度の相対値を図1A、及び図1Bに、各エタノール添加濃度の際の細胞抽出液中、及び培養上清中に含まれるAAV2のうち、完全体のゲノムを含む割合を図2A、及び図2Bに示す。
図1A、及び図1Bの結果から、AAV2生産時にエタノールを添加することで(特に1.1v/v%を超えない程度で)、細胞内、培養上清の何れにおいてもAAV2のゲノムタイターが向上していた。エタノールを添加した事で、AAV2生産細胞のAAV2生産に関わる活性向上や、AAV2の生産を抑制する代謝系の抑制が生じたことが原因と考えられる。なお、細胞中のAAV2ゲノムタイターがコントロールよりも多く産生されるエタノール添加量の範囲においては、AAV2生産中でもコントロール条件と同等以上に細胞が増殖し、トランスフェクション後3日目の生産細胞の生存度(Viability)がコントロール条件よりも高く維持されていた(図1C)。
図2A、及び図2Bの結果から、AAV2生産時にエタノールを添加することで、AAV2内のゲノムの完全体の割合は向上しており、特に、生産細胞内のAAV2は、2v/v%程度までの範囲で、エタノールを添加した方が明らかにゲノムの完全体の割合が高くなった。
培養上清中、及び生産細胞から抽出したAAV2の粒子(AAV2ゲノムを含む粒子と、含まない粒子全体)は、市販のAAV2 ELISAキット(PROGENE社、AAV2 Titration ELISA)を用いて、キットの手順に従って測定した。
ELISA法により定量したAAV2の全粒子数と、ddPCRから得られた、AAV2ゲノムの完全体を含む粒子の定量値から、AAV2ゲノムの完全体を含むAAV2粒子の割合(Full率)を算出した。
AAV2生産時にエタノールを添加した際と、添加していない際のFull率を表3に示す。
培養上清中、及び生産細胞からAAV2を抽出しAAV2溶液を調製した。AAV2溶液を、培養HeLa細胞に添加し3日後、添加したAAV2に由来するGFPタンパク質を発現している細胞の数を測定し、1mLあたりのAAV2溶液が感染した細胞数を算出した。トランスフェクションの際にエタノールを添加していない(コントロール)とエタノールを添加した場合のゲノムタイター、ゲノム完全性、及び感染力価の結果を表4に示す。
エタノールを添加した際に、AAV2生産細胞で生じた代謝の変化、及び重要な因子を特定するため、AAV2生産時にエタノールを添加した際と添加していない際の細胞から、細胞内のタンパク質を抽出し、抽出したタンパク質を液体クロマトグラフィー質量分析法(LC-MS)で分析し、エタノール添加の有無で、AAV2生産時に発現が増加または減少したタンパク質を解析した。得られたプロテーム解析結果を元に、Pathway解析ソフトウェアIngenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA、Qiagen社)を用いて、エタノールの添加の有無により、AAV2生産時に活性化、または抑制されたパスウェイと、パスウェイの制御に影響したタンパク質を特定した。
エタノール添加の有無により、AAV2生産時に変化したパスウェイのヒートマップを図3に、変化したパスウェイが影響する細胞の機能、及びそれぞれのパスウェイ制御に関係するタンパク質のうち、パスウェイが大きく変化した時に、特に増加または減少していたタンパク質を表5及び表6示す。
更に、表6に示したタンパク質は、夫々のパスウェイの制御に関わるタンパク質のうち、エタノールを添加したことで、発現量が大きく増減したもので、PRKAG2、NGFR、GNG2等のタンパク質の発現増加は、細胞の活性化に大きく関与している。特に、SMAD3は、Protein Kinase A Signalingの中で、パスウェイの初期に関与するタンパク質であり、増加によりパスウェイの活性化に大きく寄与している。
また、GLUL、TIMM10、TNIP1、TOMM7、IFIT1、IFIT3、ISG15、IFI35等のタンパク質の発現減少は、Necroptosis Signalingや、Interferon Signalingなど、細胞死やAAV等のウイルスに対する抵抗に関連するパスウェイの抑制に大きく寄与している。
実施例1の「1.ヒト由来細胞によるウイルスベクター生産」における、添加する本発明の組成物をエタノールからグリセロール、メタノール、イソプロパノールに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の手順でウイルスベクターの産生、及び分析を行った際の、トランスフェクション3日後の生産細胞中のAAV2の産生量の、及び産生したAAV2粒子中のゲノムの完全性に関する測定結果を表7に示す。
実施例1の「1.ヒト由来細胞によるウイルスベクター生産」における、添加する本発明の組成物をエタノールからジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の手順でウイルスベクターの産生、及び分析を行った際の、トランスフェクション3日後の培養上清、及び細胞中のAAV2の生産性に関する結果を表8に示す。
実施例1の「1.ヒト由来細胞によるウイルスベクター生産」においてトランスフェクションした3種類のプラスミドDNAのうち、(i)AAV2のRepタンパク質及びCapタンパク質をコードするプラスミドを、(iv)AAV1のRepタンパク質及びCapタンパク質をコードするプラスミドまたは、(v)AAV6のRepタンパク質及びCapタンパク質をコードするプラスミドに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の手順でウイルスベクターの産生、及び分析を行った際のトランスフェクション3日後の培養上清、及び細胞中のAAV1及びAAV6の生産性に関する結果を表9に示す。
1.チャイニーズハムスター由来細胞による抗体の生産
チャイニーズハムスター由来細胞(CHO細胞)による抗体の生産性向上のため、抗体生産時の本発明の組成物の添加を検討した。具体的な手順を下記に示す。
浮遊化されたCHO細胞(DG44)に抗体産生用の発現プラスミドを導入し、市販の浮遊細胞用の培地を入れた三角フラスコにて、2~3日間振とう培養(37℃、5%CO2)し、1.0~4.0×106 Viable Cells/mLの細胞濃度になるまで増殖させた。
得られた細胞培養液を無菌的に回収した後、遠心分離により細胞ペレットを回収した。細胞ペレットを抗体生産に適した細胞濃度5.0×105 Viable Cells/mLとなるように、フレッシュな培地で再懸濁し、三角フラスコに移液した(37℃、5%CO2)。
その後、培養液量に対して0.25V/V%、0.5V/V%、及び0.75V/V%のろ過済みエタノールをそれぞれ添加し、7日間抗体(Bevacizumab)を生産させた。コントロールにはエタノールを添加しなかった(0V/V%)。
エタノール添加から7日後、培養液1mLをチューブに採取し、9730×g、1分間、4℃で遠心後の上清0.5mLを新たに分取し、-80℃にて保管した。
-80℃にて保管していたサンプルを融解し、培養上清に含まれる抗体濃度をCedex Bio HTにてIgG Bio HTキット(ロシュ・ダイアグノスティック社製)の使用手順書に従い、定量した。結果を図4に示す。
Claims (23)
- 有機溶媒を含む細胞添加用の組成物であって、該有機溶媒が細胞中で少なくとも1つの所望の成分の生産を増強する、組成物。
- 添加後の細胞において、添加前の細胞に対して細胞の生存に関わるシグナルが調節されていることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 細胞の生存及び/又は細胞の活性を高める、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 核酸のトランスフェクション用である、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 核酸の発現増強用である、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 核酸がタンパク質をコードするDNAである、請求項4又は5記載の組成物。
- 前記DNAが、抗体及びウイルスベクターからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の産生に関わるDNAである、請求項6記載の組成物。
- 有機溶媒が、アルコール類及び/又はジメチルスルホキシドを含む、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 細胞と有機溶媒を含む組成物を接触させ、細胞中で少なくとも1つの所望の成分の生産を増強する方法。
- 細胞及び有機溶媒を含む反応混合物をインキュベートし、細胞中で少なくとも1つの所望の成分の生産を増強する方法。
- 前記細胞が、少なくとも1つの所望の成分の生産に関わるDNAが導入された細胞である、請求項9又は10に記載の方法。
- 有機溶媒を含む組成物との接触後、又はインキュベート後の細胞において、接触前、又はインキュベート前の細胞に対して細胞の生存に関わるシグナルが調節されていることを特徴とする、請求項9又は10に記載の方法。
- 細胞の生存及び/又は細胞の活性を高める、請求項9又は10に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの所望の成分をコードする核酸、細胞及び有機溶媒を含む反応混合物をインキュベートし、細胞に所望の成分をコードする核酸をトランスフェクションする方法。
- トランスフェクションした核酸の発現を増強する、請求項14記載の方法。
- トランスフェクション後の細胞において、トランスフェクション前の細胞に対して細胞の生存に関わるシグナルが調節されていることを特徴とする、請求項14記載の方法。
- 核酸がタンパク質をコードするDNAである、請求項14記載の方法。
- 前記DNAが、抗体及びウイルスベクターからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の産生に関わるDNAである、請求項17記載の方法。
- 有機溶媒が、アルコール類及び/又はジメチルスルホキシドを含む、請求項14記載の方法。
- 反応混合物に、さらに、トランスフェクション試薬を含む、請求項14記載の方法。
- 細胞と少なくとも1つの所望の成分をコードするDNAとを含む細胞懸濁液をインキュベートする第1工程、
インキュベートした細胞懸濁液に有機溶媒を添加して反応混合物を調製する第2工程、及び
反応混合物をインキュベートする第3工程、
を含む、
細胞を所望の成分をコードするDNAでトランスフェクションする方法であり、
有機溶媒が、アルコール類である、
方法。 - 請求項14に記載の方法で細胞をトランスフェクトすることを特徴とするトランスフェクトされた細胞の製造方法。
- 請求項22に記載の製造方法で得られた細胞からウイルスベクターを得ることを特徴とするウイルスベクターの製造方法。
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