WO2023074569A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023074569A1 WO2023074569A1 PCT/JP2022/039296 JP2022039296W WO2023074569A1 WO 2023074569 A1 WO2023074569 A1 WO 2023074569A1 JP 2022039296 W JP2022039296 W JP 2022039296W WO 2023074569 A1 WO2023074569 A1 WO 2023074569A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
- C08G73/1078—Partially aromatic polyimides wholly aromatic in the diamino moiety
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1039—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors comprising halogen-containing substituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1042—Copolyimides derived from at least two different tetracarboxylic compounds or two different diamino compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1046—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
- C08G73/105—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain with oxygen only in the diamino moiety
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal aligning agent, a liquid crystal aligning film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent, a liquid crystal display element comprising the liquid crystal aligning film, and a novel diamine and polymer suitable for them.
- Liquid crystal display elements are used in a wide range of applications, from small applications such as mobile phones and smartphones to relatively large applications such as televisions and monitors.
- various driving methods with different electrode structures and physical properties of the liquid crystal molecules used have been developed.
- -Plane Switching FFS (Fringe Field Switching), and other liquid crystal display devices using various modes are known.
- These liquid crystal display elements generally have a liquid crystal alignment film that is indispensable for controlling the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules.
- Polyamic acid and polyimide are generally used as materials for liquid crystal alignment films because of their excellent properties such as heat resistance, mechanical strength, and affinity with liquid crystals.
- the liquid crystal alignment film that is most widely used industrially is a so-called rubbing alignment treatment in which the surface of a resin film such as polyimide formed on an electrode substrate is rubbed in one direction with a cloth such as cotton, nylon, or polyester. It is made by doing.
- the rubbing orientation treatment is a useful method that is simple and excellent in productivity.
- a photo-alignment treatment method is known in which polarized radiation is applied to impart liquid crystal alignment ability.
- a method using a photoisomerization reaction, a method using a photocrosslinking reaction, a method using a photodecomposition reaction, etc. have been proposed (for example, Non-Patent Document 1, Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2).
- liquid crystal display elements In recent years, as the performance of liquid crystal display elements has improved, in addition to large-screen, high-definition liquid crystal televisions, it has been applied to in-vehicle applications such as car navigation systems, meter panels, surveillance cameras, and medical camera monitors. is being considered. Therefore, the demand for higher performance, particularly higher definition, of liquid crystal display elements is increasing, and a liquid crystal alignment film capable of further improving various characteristics of liquid crystal display elements is desired.
- a washing step with a solvent may be carried out after the alignment treatment in order to remove impurities.
- solvent repelling and droplets are generated during air knife drying, resulting in locally non-uniform cleaning of the film surface. Unevenness may occur.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and expands the range of light irradiation amount for obtaining a liquid crystal alignment film with small variation (non-uniformity) in the twist angle of the liquid crystal in the plane of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent that is capable of forming a liquid crystal aligning film having a high water contact angle for obtaining a liquid crystal aligning film that does not cause display unevenness caused by a washing process, and the liquid crystal aligning agent
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device having a film.
- the present invention provides at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor obtained using a diamine component containing a diamine (0) represented by the following formula (D A ) and a polyimide that is an imidized product of the polyimide precursor.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent characterized by containing a polymer (P) of No., a liquid crystal aligning film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent, and a liquid crystal display element having the liquid crystal aligning film.
- R 1 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a fluorine atom, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and having 2 or more fluorine atoms, or a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and having 2 or more fluorine atoms. represents a fluoroalkoxy group, wherein at least one of R 1 represents a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and having 2 or more fluorine atoms, or a fluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and having 2 or more fluorine atoms; .
- Z 1 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and the above alkyl group, alkenyl group or alkynyl A hydrogen atom in the group may be substituted with a monovalent group.
- n is an integer of 1-6.
- a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom etc. are mentioned as a halogen atom.
- Boc represents a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent that expands the range of light irradiation amount for obtaining a liquid crystal alignment film with small variation (non-uniformity) in the twist angle of the liquid crystal in the plane of the liquid crystal alignment film, and cleaning
- a liquid crystal aligning agent that forms a liquid crystal aligning film having a high water contact angle, a liquid crystal aligning film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent, and the liquid crystal aligning film to obtain a liquid crystal aligning film that does not cause display unevenness caused by the process.
- a high-performance liquid crystal display device equipped with a novel diamine and a polymer for use in the production thereof can be obtained.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is, as described above, a polyimide precursor obtained using a diamine component containing a diamine (0) represented by the following formula (D A ) (also referred to as a specific diamine in the present invention) and at least one polymer (P) selected from the group consisting of polyimide which is an imidized product of the polyimide precursor.
- D A diamine component containing a diamine (0) represented by the following formula (D A ) (also referred to as a specific diamine in the present invention) and at least one polymer (P) selected from the group consisting of polyimide which is an imidized product of the polyimide precursor.
- R 1 , Z 1 and n are each as defined above.
- n is preferably an integer of 2 to 6, more preferably 2 to 4, from the viewpoint of obtaining high liquid crystal orientation.
- the hydrogen atom of the alkyl group, alkenyl group, or alkynyl group of Z 1 in the above formula (D A ) may be substituted with a monovalent group, and the monovalent group includes a halogen atom, a carboxy group, hydroxy group, cyano group, nitro group and the like. Among them, a halogen atom is preferable.
- Z 1 in the above formula (D A ) is more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and having 2 or more fluorine atoms for R 1 in the above formula (D A ) includes a difluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, 1, 1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl group, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group, 1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropyl group and the like.
- Examples of the fluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and having 2 or more fluorine atoms for R 1 in the above formula (D A ) include a difluoromethoxy group, a trifluoromethoxy group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group, 1 , 1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy group, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyloxy group, or 1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropyloxy group, and the like. .
- At least one of R 1 is a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and having 2 or more fluorine atoms, or a fluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and having 2 or more fluorine atoms.
- at least one of R 1 is a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and having 3 or more fluorine atoms, or a fluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and having 3 or more fluorine atoms.
- At least one R 1 is preferably a C 1-3 fluoroalkyl group having two or more fluorine atoms. Further, in the above formula (D A ), both of the two R 1 are preferably a C 1-3 fluoroalkyl group having 2 or more fluorine atoms or a C 1-3 fluoroalkoxy group. . Above all, in the formula (D A ), both of the two R 1 are more preferably C 1-3 fluoroalkyl groups having 3 or more fluorine atoms.
- Preferred examples of the above formula (D A ) include the following formulas (d A -1) to (d A -6). (In the formula, Z 1 has the same meaning as Z 1 in formula (D A ).)
- the polymer (P) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is a polyimide precursor obtained using a diamine component containing the diamine (0), or a polyimide that is an imidized product of the polyimide precursor.
- the polyimide precursor is a polymer from which a polyimide can be obtained by imidating polyamic acid, polyamic acid ester, or the like.
- a polymer (P) may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more types.
- the polymer (P) is a polymer having at least one repeating unit selected from the group consisting of repeating units (p1) represented by the following formula (1) and imidized structural units of the repeating units (p1).
- X 1 represents a tetravalent organic group.
- Y 1 is a divalent organic group obtained by removing two amino groups from the specific diamine.
- R and Z each independently represent a hydrogen atom. Or represents a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group for R and Z in the above formula (1) includes a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the methylene group of the hydrocarbon group is -O-, -S-, -CO -, -COO-, -COS-, -NR 3 -, -CO-NR 3 -, -Si(R 3 ) 2 - (where R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent carbon atom having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) is a hydrogen group), a monovalent group A substituted with —SO 2 —, etc., the above monovalent hydrocarbon group, or at least one hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom of the above monovalent group A is a halogen Atoms
- Examples include a substituted monovalent group and a monovalent group having a heterocyclic ring.
- the monovalent organic group for R and Z in the above formula (1) includes, among others, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or a tert A -butoxycarbonyl group is preferred, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is more preferred, and a methyl group is even more preferred.
- R and Z are each independently preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- X 1 in the above formula (1) includes, for example, a tetravalent organic group derived from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride or a derivative thereof, which will be described later.
- Preferred embodiments of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride or derivative thereof in X 1 above include preferred embodiments of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride or derivative thereof that can be used for synthesizing the polymer (P) described later.
- a polyamic acid (P′) which is a polyimide precursor of the polymer (P), can be obtained by a polymerization reaction between a diamine component containing the diamine (0) and a tetracarboxylic acid component.
- the diamine (0) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of diamine (0) used is preferably 5 mol % or more, more preferably 10 mol % or more, and even more preferably 20 mol % or more, relative to the total diamine component.
- the diamine component used for producing the polyamic acid (P') may contain diamines other than diamine (0) (hereinafter also referred to as other diamines).
- diamines other diamines
- the amount of the diamine (0) used is preferably 90 mol % or less, more preferably 80 mol % or less, relative to the diamine component.
- diamines examples include other diamines listed below, but are not limited to these.
- the other diamines may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- a diamine having a photoalignable group such as 4,4′-diaminoazobenzene or diaminotran; 2-(2,4-diaminophenoxy)ethyl methacrylate or 2,4-diamino-N,N-diallylaniline Diamines terminated with photopolymerizable groups; 1-(4-(2-(2,4-diaminophenoxy)ethoxy)phenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanone, 2-(4-(2-hydroxy -2-methylpropanoyl)phenoxy)ethyl diamines having a radical polymerization initiator function such as 3,5-diaminobenzoate; diamines having an amide bond such as 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide, 1,3-bis(4 -aminophenyl)urea, 1,3-bis(4-aminobenzyl)urea, 1,3-bis(4-aminophenethyl)urea and other di
- m and n are each independently an integer of 0 to 3 and satisfy 1 ⁇ m+n ⁇ 4.
- j is an integer of 0 or 1;
- X 1 is -(CH 2 ) a - (a is an integer of 1 to 15), -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CO-N(CH 3 )-, -NH-, -O-, represents -CH 2 O-, -CH 2 -OCO-, -COO- or -OCO-;
- R 1 is a fluorine atom, a fluorine atom-containing alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and It represents a monovalent group such as an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- X 2 represents -O-, -CH 2 O-, -CH 2 -OCO-, -COO- or -OCO-.
- m, n, X 1 and R 1 each independently has the above definition.
- the diamine component used in the production of the polyamic acid (P′) should contain at least one diamine selected from the group consisting of the above other diamines (a). is preferred.
- the amount of the other diamines used is preferably 10 to 90 mol% with respect to the total diamine components used in the production of the polymer (P). and more preferably 20 to 80 mol %.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component to be reacted with the diamine component is not only tetracarboxylic dianhydride, but also tetracarboxylic acid, tetracarboxylic acid dihalide, tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, or tetracarboxylic acid.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides such as carboxylic acid dialkyl ester dihalides can also be used.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride or derivative thereof includes an acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, an alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, or derivatives thereof. . Among them, it is more preferable to contain a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having at least one partial structure selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a cyclobutane ring, a cyclopentane ring and a cyclohexane ring, or a derivative thereof.
- a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having at least one structure selected from the group consisting of a cyclobutane ring, a cyclopentane ring and a cyclohexane ring, or a derivative thereof.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydrides or derivatives thereof may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is an acid dianhydride obtained by intramolecular dehydration of four carboxy groups bonded to a chain hydrocarbon structure.
- An alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is an acid dianhydride obtained by intramolecular dehydration of four carboxy groups including at least one carboxy group bonded to an alicyclic structure. However, none of these four carboxy groups are bonded to the aromatic ring. Moreover, it is not necessary to consist only of an alicyclic structure, and a part thereof may have a chain hydrocarbon structure or an aromatic ring structure.
- An aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is an acid dianhydride obtained by intramolecular dehydration of four carboxy groups including at least one carboxy group bonded to an aromatic ring. However, it is not necessary to consist only of an aromatic ring structure, and a part thereof may have a chain hydrocarbon structure or an alicyclic structure.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component that can be used in the production of the polyamic acid (P′) preferably includes the following tetracarboxylic dianhydrides or derivatives thereof (in the present invention, these are collectively referred to as specific tetracarboxylic acids Also called derivatives.).
- Acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides such as 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride; 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2-dimethyl -1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-dichloro-1,2,3 ,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-difluoro-1,2,3, 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracar
- Preferred examples of the above specific tetracarboxylic acid derivatives include 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2-dimethyl -1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl- 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-difluoro-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1 , 2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3, 3
- the proportion of the above-mentioned specific tetracarboxylic acid derivative used is preferably 10 mol% or more, more preferably 20 mol% or more, and even more preferably 50 mol% or more, relative to the total tetracarboxylic acid components used.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is a liquid composition in which the polymer (P) and optionally other components are preferably dispersed or dissolved in a suitable solvent.
- the total content of the polymer components contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be appropriately changed by setting the thickness of the coating film to be formed. 1 mass % or more is preferable with respect to the total mass of a liquid crystal aligning agent, and 10 mass % or less is preferable from the point of the storage stability of a solution.
- the content of the polymer (P) used in the present invention is preferably 1 to 100 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 100 parts by mass, with respect to the total 100 parts by mass of the polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. 20 to 100 parts by weight is particularly preferred.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain polymers other than the polymer (P).
- polymers other than the polymer (P) include at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor obtained using a diamine component that does not have the specific diamine and a polyimide that is an imidized product of the polyimide precursor.
- polysiloxane (Also referred to as polymer (B) in the present invention.), polysiloxane, polyester, polyamide, polyurea, polyorganosiloxane, cellulose derivative, polyacetal, polystyrene derivative, poly(styrene-maleic anhydride) copolymer, poly( isobutylene-maleic anhydride) copolymers, poly(vinyl ether-maleic anhydride) copolymers, poly(styrene-phenylmaleimide) derivatives, polymers selected from the group consisting of poly(meth)acrylates, and the like. .
- poly(styrene-maleic anhydride) copolymers include SMA1000, SMA2000, SMA3000 (manufactured by Cray Valley), GSM301 (manufactured by Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- Anhydride) copolymers include Isoban-600 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.).
- a specific example of the poly(vinyl ether-maleic anhydride) copolymer is Gantrez AN-139 (methyl vinyl ether maleic anhydride resin, manufactured by Ashland).
- the polymer (B) is more preferable from the viewpoint of reducing afterimages derived from residual DC.
- the content of the other polymer is preferably 90 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 to 90 parts by mass, and further 20 to 80 parts by mass with respect to the total 100 parts by mass of the polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- 90 mass parts or less may be sufficient as content of the said polymer (P) with respect to a total of 100 mass parts of the polymers contained in a liquid crystal aligning agent, and 80 mass parts or less may be sufficient.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component used in the production of the polymer (B) include the same compounds as those exemplified for the polymer (P), including preferred specific examples.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component used for producing the polymer (B) is more preferably a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having at least one partial structure selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a cyclobutane ring, a cyclopentane ring and a cyclohexane ring.
- the amount of the specific tetracarboxylic acid derivative used is preferably 10 mol % or more, more preferably 20 mol % or more, more preferably 50 mol % or more, relative to the total tetracarboxylic acid component used in the production of the polymer (B). More preferably mol% or more.
- Examples of the diamine component for obtaining the polymer (B) include the diamines exemplified for the polymer (P) above. Among them, diamine, 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4 having at least one group selected from the group consisting of urea bond, amide bond, carboxy group and hydroxy group in the molecule '-Diaminodiphenyl ether, at least one diamine selected from the group consisting of diamines represented by the above formulas (d AL -1) to (d AL -10), and diamines having the above specific nitrogen atom-containing structure ( In the present invention, these are also referred to as specific diamines (b).) are preferably included.
- the diamine component one type of diamine may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the amount used is preferably 10 mol % or more, more preferably 20 mol % or more, of the total diamine component used in the production of the polymer (B).
- the amount used is preferably 90 mol% or less, more preferably 80 mol% or less, of the total diamine component used in the production of the polymer (B).
- a polyamic acid is produced by reacting a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic acid component in an organic solvent.
- the ratio of the tetracarboxylic acid component and the diamine component used in the polyamic acid production reaction is 0.5 to 2 equivalents of the acid anhydride group of the tetracarboxylic acid component per 1 equivalent of the amino group of the diamine component. is preferably 0.8 to 1.2 equivalents.
- the closer the equivalent of the acid anhydride group of the tetracarboxylic acid component is to 1 equivalent the greater the molecular weight of the resulting polyamic acid.
- the reaction temperature in the production of polyamic acid is preferably -20 to 150°C, more preferably 0 to 100°C. Also, the reaction time is preferably 0.1 to 24 hours, more preferably 0.5 to 12 hours. Polyamic acid can be produced at any concentration. The concentration of polyamic acid is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass. The initial stage of the reaction can be carried out at a high concentration, and then the solvent can be added.
- organic solvent examples include cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone.
- methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene Solvents such as glycol monopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, or diethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be used.
- Polyamic acid esters are produced by, for example, [I] a method of reacting the polyamic acid obtained by the above method with an esterifying agent, [II] a method of reacting a tetracarboxylic acid diester with a diamine, [III] a tetracarboxylic acid It can be obtained by a known method such as a method of reacting a diester dihalide and a diamine.
- a polyimide can be obtained by ring-closing (imidizing) a polyimide precursor such as the above polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester.
- the imidization ratio is the ratio of imide groups to the total amount of imide groups derived from tetracarboxylic dianhydride or derivatives thereof and carboxy groups (or derivatives thereof).
- the imidization rate does not necessarily have to be 100%, and can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the application and purpose.
- Examples of the method for imidizing the polyimide precursor include thermal imidization in which the solution of the polyimide precursor is heated as it is, and catalytic imidization in which a catalyst is added to the solution of the polyimide precursor.
- the temperature is preferably 100 to 400° C., more preferably 120 to 250° C., and water produced by the imidization reaction is removed from the system. is preferred.
- Catalytic imidization of the polyimide precursor is carried out by adding a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride to the solution of the polyimide precursor, preferably -20 to 250°C, more preferably stirring at 0 to 180°C. can be done.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is preferably 0.5 to 30 times the molar amount of the amic acid group, more preferably 2 to 20 times the molar amount, and the amount of the acid anhydride is preferably 1 to 50 times the molar amount of the amic acid group. It is preferably 3 to 30 molar times.
- the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine, etc.
- pyridine is preferable because it has appropriate basicity for advancing the reaction.
- the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, and pyromellitic anhydride.
- acetic anhydride is preferably used because it facilitates purification after the reaction is completed.
- the imidization rate by catalytic imidization can be controlled by adjusting the catalyst amount, reaction temperature, and reaction time.
- the reaction solution may be put into a solvent to precipitate.
- Solvents used for precipitation include methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, benzene, and water.
- the polymer precipitated by adding it to the solvent can be filtered and recovered, and then dried at room temperature or under heat under normal pressure or reduced pressure.
- the impurities in the polymer can be reduced by repeating the operation of redissolving the recovered polymer in an organic solvent and recovering it by reprecipitation 2 to 10 times.
- Solvents in this case include, for example, alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons, and the like, and it is preferable to use three or more solvents selected from these, because the efficiency of purification is further increased.
- a tetracarboxylic acid component containing a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or a derivative thereof, and a diamine component containing the diamine, together with an appropriate terminal blocker to end block A polymer of the type may be produced.
- the end-blocking polymer has effects of improving the film hardness of the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by the coating film and improving the adhesion properties between the sealing agent and the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the terminal of the polyimide precursor or polyimide in the present invention include an amino group, a carboxyl group, an acid anhydride group, or a group derived from a terminal blocking agent to be described later.
- An amino group, a carboxyl group, and an acid anhydride group can be obtained by a normal condensation reaction, or can be obtained by terminal blocking using the following terminal blocking agents.
- Terminal blockers include, for example, acetic anhydride, maleic anhydride, nadic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride, and trimellitic anhydride.
- the polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight (Mw) measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of the polyimide precursor and polyimide is preferably 1,000 to 500,000, more preferably 2,000 to 300,000. is.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) represented by the ratio of Mw to the polystyrene equivalent number average molecular weight (Mn) measured by GPC is preferably 15 or less, more preferably 10 or less.
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it uniformly dissolves the polymer (P) and other polymers added as necessary.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide and ⁇ -butyrolactone are preferred.
- the content of the good solvent is preferably 20 to 99% by mass, more preferably 20 to 90% by mass, and particularly preferably 30 to 80% by mass of the total solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is a mixture of the above solvents and a solvent (also referred to as a poor solvent) that improves the coatability and the surface smoothness of the coating film when applying the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- a solvent also referred to as a poor solvent
- the use of solvents is preferred. Specific examples of the poor solvent are given below, but are not limited thereto.
- the content of the poor solvent is preferably 1 to 80% by mass, more preferably 10 to 80% by mass, particularly preferably 20 to 70% by mass, of the total solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the type and content of the poor solvent are appropriately selected according to the liquid crystal aligning agent coating device, coating conditions, coating environment, and the like.
- Examples of poor solvents include diisopropyl ether, diisobutyl ether, diisobutylcarbinol (2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol), ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, -hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, diethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, 3-ethoxybutyl acetate, 1-methylpentyl acetate, 2-ethylbutyl acetate, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, ethylene glycol mono Acetate, ethylene glycol diacetate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monoisoamyl ether, ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl
- diisobutyl carbinol propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol diacetate, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene Glycol monobutyl ether acetate or diisobutyl ketone are preferred.
- Preferred solvent combinations of a good solvent and a poor solvent include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, N-methyl-2- Pyrrolidone and ⁇ -butyrolactone and propylene glycol monobutyl ether, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone and propylene glycol monobutyl ether, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, N-ethyl-2- pyrrolidone and propylene glycol diacetate, N,N-dimethyllactamide and diisobutyl ketone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, N- Methy
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain other components (hereinafter also referred to as additive components) in addition to the polymer (P), the other polymer, and the organic solvent.
- additive components include, for example, a crosslinkable compound having at least one substituent selected from an oxiranyl group, an oxetanyl group, a blocked isocyanate group, an oxazoline group, a cyclocarbonate group, a hydroxy group and an alkoxy group; At least one crosslinkable compound selected from the group consisting of crosslinkable compounds having saturated groups, functional silane compounds, metal chelate compounds, curing accelerators, surfactants, antioxidants, sensitizers, preservatives, and compounds for adjusting the dielectric constant and electrical resistance of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- crosslinkable compound examples include ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, tripropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, ,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, glycerol diglycidyl ether, dibromoneopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,3,5,6-tetraglycidyl-2,4-hexanediol, Epicoat 828 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), etc.
- Bisphenol A type epoxy resin bisphenol F type epoxy resin such as Epicoat 807 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin such as YX-8000 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), YX6954BH30 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) and the like biphenyl skeleton-containing epoxy resins, phenol novolac type epoxy resins such as EPPN-201 (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), (o, m, p-) cresol novolac type epoxy resins such as EOCN-102S (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), Triglycidyl isocyanurate such as TEPIC (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.), alicyclic epoxy resins such as Celoxide 2021P (manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.), N,N,N',N'-tetraglycidyl-m-xylylenedi
- Examples of compounds for adjusting the dielectric constant and electrical resistance include monoamines having a nitrogen atom-containing aromatic heterocycle such as 3-picolylamine.
- the content of the monoamine having a nitrogen atom-containing aromatic heterocyclic ring is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. part by mass.
- Preferred specific examples of the above functional silane compounds include 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane, 2-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.
- the solid content concentration in the liquid crystal aligning agent (ratio of the total mass of components other than the solvent of the liquid crystal aligning agent to the total mass of the liquid crystal aligning agent) is appropriately selected in consideration of viscosity, volatility, etc., but preferably It is 1 to 10% by mass.
- a particularly preferable solid content concentration range varies depending on the method used when applying the liquid crystal aligning agent to the substrate. For example, when a spin coating method is used, the solid content concentration is particularly preferably 1.5 to 4.5% by mass. When the printing method is used, it is particularly preferable to set the solid content concentration to 3 to 9% by mass and thereby the solution viscosity to 12 to 50 mPa ⁇ s.
- the solid content concentration is preferably 1 to 5% by mass and thereby the solution viscosity to 3 to 15 mPa ⁇ s.
- the temperature for preparing the liquid crystal aligning agent is preferably 10 to 50°C, more preferably 20 to 30°C.
- a liquid crystal display element according to the present invention comprises a liquid crystal alignment film formed using the liquid crystal alignment agent.
- the operation mode of the liquid crystal display element is not particularly limited. , an optically compensated bend method (OCB method), and various other operation modes.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be produced, for example, by a method including the following steps (1) to (4), a method including steps (1) to (2) and (4), steps (1) to (3), ( 4-2) and (4-4), or by a method including steps (1) to (3), (4-3) and (4-4).
- a process (1) is a process of apply
- a specific example of step (1) is as follows.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent is applied to one surface of the substrate provided with the patterned transparent conductive film by an appropriate coating method such as a roll coater method, a spin coat method, a printing method, an inkjet method, or a spray method.
- the material of the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is highly transparent, and glass, silicon nitride, plastic such as acrylic, polycarbonate, etc., can also be used.
- a reflective liquid crystal display element if only one substrate is used, an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used, and in this case, a light-reflecting material such as aluminum can be used for the electrodes.
- a substrate provided with electrodes made of a transparent conductive film or a metal film patterned in a comb shape and a counter substrate provided with no electrodes are used.
- An IPS substrate which is a comb-teeth electrode substrate used in an IPS-type liquid crystal display element, includes, for example, a substrate, a plurality of linear electrodes formed on the substrate and arranged in a comb-teeth shape, and and a liquid crystal alignment film formed to cover the linear electrodes.
- the FFS substrate which is a comb-teeth electrode substrate used in an FFS mode liquid crystal display element, includes, for example, a base material, a plane electrode formed on the base material, an insulating film formed on the plane electrode, It has a plurality of linear electrodes formed on an insulating film and arranged in a comb shape, and a liquid crystal alignment film formed on the insulating film so as to cover the linear electrodes.
- More preferable examples of the method of applying the liquid crystal aligning agent to the substrate to form a film include a printing method such as screen printing, offset printing, or flexo printing, a spin coating method, an inkjet method, or a spray method.
- a printing method such as screen printing, offset printing, or flexo printing
- spin coating method such as screen printing, offset printing, or flexo printing
- inkjet method such as inkjet nozzle
- spray method such as screen printing, offset printing, or flexo printing
- a spin coating method such as screen printing, offset printing, or flexo printing
- a spin coating method such as screen printing, offset printing, or flexo printing
- a spin coating method such as screen printing, offset printing, or flexo printing
- a spin coating method such as an inkjet method
- a spray method such as a flexographic printing, spin coating, or ink-jet coating and film-forming methods can be preferably used.
- a process (2) is a process of baking the liquid crystal aligning agent apply
- a specific example of step (2) is as follows. After applying the liquid crystal aligning agent on the substrate in step (1), the solvent is evaporated by heating means such as a hot plate, a thermal circulation oven or an IR (infrared) oven, or polyimide typified by polyamic acid Thermal imidization of the precursor can be performed. Drying after applying a liquid crystal aligning agent and a baking process can select arbitrary temperature and time, and may be performed in multiple times. The temperature for baking the liquid crystal aligning agent can be, for example, 40 to 180.degree.
- the firing time is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 10 minutes or 1 to 5 minutes.
- a step of baking at 150 to 300° C. or 150 to 250° C. may be added after the above step.
- the firing time is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 5 to 40 minutes, preferably 5 to 30 minutes.
- the thickness of the film after baking is preferably 5 to 300 nm, more preferably 10 to 200 nm, because if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may deteriorate.
- Step (3) is a step of subjecting the film obtained in step (2) to orientation treatment. That is, in a horizontally aligned liquid crystal display device such as an IPS system or an FFS system, the coating film is subjected to an alignment ability imparting treatment. On the other hand, in a vertical alignment liquid crystal display element such as a VA system or a PSA (Polymer Sustained Alignment) system, the formed coating film can be used as a liquid crystal alignment film as it is. may be applied. Examples of the alignment treatment method for the liquid crystal alignment film include a rubbing alignment treatment method and a photo-alignment treatment method.
- Examples of the photo-alignment treatment include a method in which the surface of the film is irradiated with radiation polarized in a certain direction, and in some cases, heat treatment is performed to impart liquid crystal alignment (also referred to as liquid crystal alignment ability). be done.
- liquid crystal alignment also referred to as liquid crystal alignment ability
- radiation ultraviolet light or visible light having a wavelength of 100 to 800 nm can be used. Among them, ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 100 to 400 nm, more preferably 200 to 400 nm are preferred.
- the radiation dose is preferably 1 to 10,000 mJ/cm 2 , more preferably 100 to 5,000 mJ/cm 2 .
- the substrate having the film-like material may be irradiated with heating at 50 to 250° C. in order to improve liquid crystal orientation.
- the liquid crystal alignment film thus produced can stably orient liquid crystal molecules in a fixed direction.
- the coating film irradiated with polarized radiation or the coating film subjected to rubbing alignment treatment by the above method may be subjected to contact treatment using water or a solvent. Further, the film subjected to the alignment treatment may be subjected to heat treatment without being subjected to contact treatment. Furthermore, the film subjected to the contact treatment may be further subjected to heat treatment.
- the solvent used in the contact treatment is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the decomposed product produced from the film-like material by irradiation with radiation.
- Specific examples include water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol acetate, butyl cellosolve, ethyl lactate, methyl lactate, diacetone alcohol, 3- methyl methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, cyclohexyl acetate and the like.
- Solvents may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the temperature of the heat treatment for the above radiation-irradiated coating film is more preferably 50 to 300°C, more preferably 120 to 250°C.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 1 to 30 minutes.
- Step (4) Step of producing a liquid crystal cell> Two substrates on which liquid crystal alignment films are formed as described above are prepared, and liquid crystal is arranged between the two substrates facing each other. Specifically, the following two methods are mentioned. In the first method, first, two substrates are arranged to face each other with a gap (cell gap) interposed therebetween so that the respective liquid crystal alignment films face each other. Next, the peripheries of the two substrates are bonded together using a sealing agent, and a liquid crystal composition is injected and filled into the cell gap defined by the substrate surface and the sealing agent to contact the film surface, and then the injection hole is sealed. stop.
- the liquid crystal composition is not particularly limited, and various liquid crystal compositions containing at least one liquid crystal compound (liquid crystal molecule) and having positive or negative dielectric anisotropy can be used.
- a liquid crystal composition with a positive dielectric anisotropy is also referred to as a positive liquid crystal
- a liquid crystal composition with a negative dielectric anisotropy is also referred to as a negative liquid crystal.
- the above liquid crystal composition contains a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, an amino group, a fluorine atom-containing group (e.g., trifluoromethyl group), a cyano group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an isothiocyanate group, a heterocyclic ring, a cycloalkane,
- a liquid crystal compound having a cycloalkene, a steroid skeleton, a benzene ring, or a naphthalene ring may be included, and a compound having two or more rigid sites (mesogenic skeleton) exhibiting liquid crystallinity in the molecule (for example, two rigid biphenyl structure, or a bimesogenic compound in which a terphenyl structure is linked by an alkyl group).
- the liquid crystal composition may be a liquid crystal composition exhibiting a nematic phase, a liquid crystal composition exhibiting a smectic phase, or a liquid crystal composition exhibiting a cholesteric phase.
- the liquid crystal composition may further contain an additive from the viewpoint of improving liquid crystal orientation.
- Such additives include photopolymerizable monomers such as compounds having a polymerizable group (meth(a)acryloyl group, etc.); optically active compounds (eg, S-811 manufactured by Merck Co., Ltd.); Antioxidants; ultraviolet absorbers; dyes; antifoaming agents; polymerization initiators; Positive liquid crystals include ZLI-2293, ZLI-4792, MLC-2003, MLC-2041, MLC-3019 and MLC-7081 manufactured by Merck.
- MLC-3023 manufactured by Merck Co., Ltd. can be used as a liquid crystal containing a compound having a polymerizable group.
- the second method is a method called ODF (One Drop Fill) method.
- ODF One Drop Fill
- a predetermined place on one of the two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed is coated with, for example, an ultraviolet light-curing sealant, and a liquid crystal composition is applied to several predetermined places on the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film. drip.
- the other substrate is attached so that the liquid crystal alignment films face each other, and the liquid crystal composition is spread over the entire surface of the substrate and brought into contact with the film surface.
- the entire surface of the substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet light to cure the sealant.
- liquid crystal filling it is desirable to remove the flow orientation at the time of liquid crystal filling by heating the liquid crystal composition to a temperature at which the used liquid crystal composition assumes an isotropic phase and then slowly cooling to room temperature.
- the two substrates are arranged opposite to each other so that the rubbing directions of the respective coating films are at a predetermined angle, for example, orthogonal or antiparallel.
- the sealant for example, an epoxy resin or the like containing a curing agent and aluminum oxide spheres as spacers can be used.
- Liquid crystals include nematic liquid crystals and smectic liquid crystals, among which nematic liquid crystals are preferred.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, and a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable compound polymerized by at least one of active energy rays and heat between the pair of substrates.
- a liquid crystal display element (PSA type liquid crystal display element) manufactured through a process of polymerizing a polymerizable compound by at least one of irradiating an active energy ray and heating while placing an object and applying a voltage between electrodes. is also preferably used.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, and a polymerizable group polymerized by at least one of active energy rays and heat is placed between the pair of substrates. It is also preferably used in a liquid crystal display element (SC-PVA type liquid crystal display element) manufactured through a process of arranging a liquid crystal alignment film containing the liquid crystal and applying a voltage between electrodes.
- SC-PVA type liquid crystal display element manufactured through a process of arranging a liquid crystal alignment film containing the liquid crystal and applying a voltage between electrodes.
- Step (4-2) For PSA liquid crystal display device> It is carried out in the same manner as in (4) above, except that the liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable compound is injected or dropped.
- the polymerizable compound include polymerizable compounds having one or more polymerizable unsaturated groups such as acrylate groups and methacrylate groups in the molecule.
- a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display element may be employed in which a step of irradiating ultraviolet rays, which will be described later, is performed after performing the same as in the above (4). According to this method, a liquid crystal display device having an excellent response speed can be obtained with a small amount of light irradiation, as in the case of manufacturing the PSA type liquid crystal display device.
- the compound having a polymerizable group may be a compound having one or more polymerizable unsaturated groups in the molecule, and its content is 0.1 to 30 per 100 parts by mass of all polymer components. It is preferably parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass.
- the polymerizable group may be present in the polymer used for the liquid crystal alignment agent, and such a polymer includes, for example, a diamine component containing a diamine having a photopolymerizable group at the end thereof, which is used in the reaction.
- a diamine component containing a diamine having a photopolymerizable group at the end thereof which is used in the reaction.
- the polymer obtained is mentioned.
- Step (4-4) Step of irradiating with ultraviolet rays>
- the liquid crystal cell is irradiated with light while a voltage is applied between the conductive films of the pair of substrates obtained in (4-2) or (4-3) above.
- the voltage applied here can be, for example, 5 to 50 V direct current or alternating current.
- As the light for irradiation for example, ultraviolet light containing light with a wavelength of 150 to 800 nm and visible light can be used, but ultraviolet light containing light with a wavelength of 300 to 400 nm is preferable.
- a low-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a deuterium lamp, a metal halide lamp, an argon resonance lamp, a xenon lamp, an excimer laser, or the like can be used as the light source for the irradiation light.
- the irradiation amount of light is preferably 1,000 to 200,000 J/m 2 , more preferably 1,000 to 100,000 J/m 2 .
- a liquid crystal display element can be obtained by bonding a polarizing plate to the outer surface of the liquid crystal cell as necessary.
- a polarizing plate to be attached to the outer surface of the liquid crystal cell, a polarizing film called "H film” in which polyvinyl alcohol is stretched and oriented while absorbing iodine is sandwiched between cellulose acetate protective films, or the H film itself.
- a polarizing plate consisting of
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- BCS butyl cellosolve (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether)
- CA-1 a compound represented by the following formula (CA-1)
- (diamine) DA-1 to DA-5 compounds represented by the following formulas (DA-1) to (DA-5), respectively.
- a diamine included in the scope of the specific diamine of the present invention is a compound represented by the following formula (DA-1).
- DA-4 and DA-5 were synthesized by the method described in WO2017/047596.
- DA-1 and DA-3 are novel compounds that have not been published in literature, etc., and their synthesis methods are described in detail below.
- the products described in the monomer synthesis examples below were identified by 1 H-NMR analysis (analysis conditions are as follows).
- Apparatus Fourier transform superconducting nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus (FT-NMR) "AVANCE III" (manufactured by BRUKER) 500 MHz.
- Solvent deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d 6 , standard: tetramethylsilane)
- DA-1-1 was obtained (41.7 g, 94.7 mmol, 86.1% yield, yellow solid).
- DA-1-1 obtained above (40.9 g, 93.0 mmol), tetrahydrofuran (283 g) and carbon-supported palladium (5% Pd carbon powder (50% water content) were added to a 500 mL four-necked flask. ) K type, manufactured by NE Chemcat Co., Ltd., 8.00 g) was added, and after substitution with a hydrogen atmosphere, the mixture was reacted at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, carbon-supported palladium was removed by filtration, and the wet product obtained by concentrating the obtained filtrate was vacuum-dried at 50° C. to obtain DA-1 (33.6 g, 88.5 mmol, yield 95 .2%, brown solid).
- DA-3-1 (14.2 g, 41.7 mmol) obtained above, dimethylformamide (61.2 g) and carbon-supported platinum (3% Pt carbon powder (50 % water content), manufactured by Evonik, 1.42 g) was added, and after substituting with a hydrogen atmosphere, the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 48 hours. After completion of the reaction, carbon-supported platinum was removed by filtration, and the obtained filtrate was transferred to a separatory funnel, and ethyl acetate (400 g) was added. After that, the organic layer obtained by separating and washing twice with water (300 g) was concentrated and further vacuum-dried at 50° C. to obtain DA-3 (8.00 g, 28.5 mmol, yield 68.3%).
- DA-2 (0.541 g, 5.00 mmol), DA-3 (1.40 g, 5.00 mmol) and NMP (14.2 g) were added to a 50 mL four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and nitrogen inlet tube. was dissolved by stirring at room temperature while blowing nitrogen. After that, CA-1 (2.15 g, 9.60 mmol) and NMP (15.8 g) were added and stirred at 40° C. for 24 hours to obtain a solution of polyamic acid (PAA-2). This polyamic acid had an Mn of 13,000 and an Mw of 35,500.
- PAA-2 polyamic acid
- DA-2 (0.541 g, 5.00 mmol), DA-5 (1.36 g, 5.00 mmol) and NMP (14.0 g) were added to a 50 mL four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and nitrogen inlet tube. was dissolved by stirring at room temperature while blowing nitrogen. After that, CA-1 (2.15 g, 9.60 mmol) and NMP (15.7 g) were added and stirred at 40 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain polyamic acid (PAA-4) having a solid content concentration of 12% by mass. A solution was obtained. This polyamic acid had an Mn of 13,000 and an Mw of 31,700.
- Table 1 shows the specifications of the polyamic acid solution obtained in the above synthesis example.
- the numbers in parentheses for the tetracarboxylic acid component and the diamine component are the amounts (mol parts) of each tetracarboxylic acid component and each diamine component used with respect to the total amount of 100 mol parts of the diamine component used in each polymerization step. represents
- Liquid crystal aligning agent (AL-2) to (AL-4) was obtained.
- Table 2 shows specifications of the liquid crystal aligning agents obtained in the above Examples and Comparative Examples.
- liquid crystal aligning agents (AL-1) to (AL-4) obtained as described above had no abnormalities such as turbidity or precipitation, and were homogeneous solutions. Evaluation of in-plane uniformity of contrast and evaluation of water contact angle were performed using the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent.
- liquid crystal aligning agent obtained above, a liquid crystal cell was produced in the following procedure. After each liquid crystal aligning agent was filtered through a filter with a pore size of 1.0 ⁇ m, it was applied to a glass substrate with ITO electrodes (length 40 mm ⁇ width 30 mm ⁇ thickness 0.7 mm) by a spin coating method and placed on a hot plate at 80° C. for 60 seconds. After drying, it was baked in an infrared heating furnace at 230° C. for 20 minutes to form a liquid crystal alignment film with a film thickness of 100 nm.
- the coating film surface is irradiated with linearly polarized ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 254 nm and an extinction ratio of 26:1 through a polarizing plate at 400 mJ/cm 2 , 600 mJ/cm 2 or 800 mJ/cm 2 to perform an orientation treatment. Further, it was baked in an infrared heating furnace at 230° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film (first glass substrate). A substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film (second glass substrate) was obtained in the same manner as described above, except that the alignment treatment was performed so that the alignment direction was orthogonal to that of the first glass substrate.
- the above two substrates are set as a set, and a bead spacer with a diameter of 4 ⁇ m (manufactured by Nikki Shokubai Kasei Co., Ltd., Shinshikyu, SW-D1) is applied on one of the liquid crystal alignment films, leaving a liquid crystal injection port.
- a sealant (XN-1500T, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) was printed, and another substrate was attached so that the alignment direction of the liquid crystal alignment film surfaces facing each other was 0°. After that, the sealant was heat-treated at 150° C. for 60 minutes and cured to prepare an empty cell.
- Liquid crystal MLC-3019 (manufactured by Merck & Co.) was injected into this empty cell by a vacuum injection method, and the injection port was sealed to obtain a liquid crystal cell. Thereafter, the obtained liquid crystal cell was heated at 120° C. for 1 hour and then used for evaluation.
- the coated film surface was irradiated with 500 mJ/cm 2 of linearly polarized ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 254 nm and an extinction ratio of 26:1 through a polarizing plate, and further baked in an infrared heating furnace at 230° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film. got
- the contact angle of water on this substrate was measured using a fully automatic contact angle meter (DM-701, manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.). As evaluation criteria, the case where the water contact angle was greater than 50° was evaluated as “ ⁇ ”, and the case where the water contact angle was 50° or less was evaluated as “X”. Table 3 shows the results.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained using the liquid crystal alignment agent (AL-1) of Example 1 is the liquid crystal alignment agents (AL-2) to (AL-4) of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. showed good in-plane uniformity in a wide exposure dose range and a high water contact angle, compared with the liquid crystal alignment film obtained using .
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is widely used in liquid crystal display elements of various operation modes. It can also be used for a film or a liquid crystal alignment film for a transmission scattering type liquid crystal light control device.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention can be effectively applied to devices having various functions, such as liquid crystal televisions, clocks, portable games, word processors, notebook computers, car navigation systems, camcorders, PDAs, and digital cameras. , mobile phones, smart phones, various monitors, information displays, etc.
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Abstract
Description
Z1は、互いに独立して、水素原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数2~6のアルケニル基または炭素数2~6のアルキニル基を表し、上記アルキル基、アルケニル基、又はアルキニル基が有する水素原子は、1価の基で置換されてもよい。nは1~6の整数である。)
なお、本発明において、ハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子等が挙げられる。Bocは、tert-ブトキシカルボニル基を表す。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、上記のように、下記式(DA)で表されるジアミン(0)(本発明では、特定ジアミンともいう。)を含むジアミン成分を用いて得られるポリイミド前駆体及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化物であるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体(P)を含有することを特徴とする。
上記式(DA)におけるZ1は、水素原子、又はメチル基がより好ましい。
上記式(DA)において、R1の少なくとも1つは、フッ素原子を3個以上有する炭素数1~3のフルオロアルキル基、又はフッ素原子を3個以上有する炭素数1~3のフルオロアルコキシ基であることが好ましい。
また、上記式(DA)において、R1の少なくとも1つは、フッ素原子を2個以上有する炭素数1~3のフルオロアルキル基であることが好ましい。
また、上記式(DA)において、2つのR1が両方とも、フッ素原子を2個以上有する炭素数1~3のフルオロアルキル基、又は炭素数1~3のフルオロアルコキシ基であることが好ましい。
中でも、上記式(DA)において、2つのR1が両方とも、フッ素原子を3個以上有する炭素数1~3のフルオロアルキル基であることがより好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される重合体(P)は、上記ジアミン(0)を含有するジアミン成分を用いて得られるポリイミド前駆体、又は該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化物であるポリイミドである。ここにおいて、ポリイミド前駆体は、ポリアミック酸、ポリアミック酸エステルなどのイミド化することによりポリイミドを得ることができる重合体である。重合体(P)は、一種を単独で用いてもよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
上記重合体(P)は、下記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位(p1)及び該繰り返し単位(p1)のイミド化構造単位からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の繰り返し単位を有する重合体であってもよい。
上記式(1)におけるR、及びZにおける1価の有機基としては、炭素数1~6の1価の炭化水素基、当該炭化水素基のメチレン基を-O-、-S-、-CO-、-COO-、-COS-、-NR3-、-CO-NR3-、-Si(R3)2-(ただし、R3は、水素原子又は炭素数1~6の1価の炭化水素基である。)、-SO2-等で置き換えてなる1価の基A、上記1価の炭化水素基又は上記1価の基Aの炭素原子に結合する水素原子の少なくとも1個をハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、アルコキシ基、ニトロ基、アミノ基、メルカプト基、ニトロソ基、アルキルシリル基、アルコキシシリル基、シラノール基、スルフィノ基、ホスフィノ基、カルボキシ基、シアノ基、スルホ基、アシル基等で置換してなる1価の基、複素環を有する1価の基が挙げられる。
上記式(1)におけるR、及びZにおける1価の有機基としては、中でも、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数2~6のアルケニル基、炭素数2~6のアルキニル基、又はtert-ブトキシカルボニル基が好ましく、炭素数1~3のアルキル基が更に好ましく、メチル基がより一層好ましい。
R及びZは、本発明の効果を好適に得る観点から、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は炭素数1~3のアルキル基が好ましく、水素原子またはメチル基がより好ましい。
上記式(1)におけるX1としては、例えば、後述するテトラカルボン酸二無水物又はその誘導体に由来する4価の有機基が挙げられる。上記X1におけるテトラカルボン酸二無水物又はその誘導体の好ましい態様として、後述の重合体(P)の合成に用いることが出来るテトラカルボン酸二無水物又はその誘導体の好ましい態様を挙げることが出来る。
上記重合体(P)のポリイミド前駆体であるポリアミック酸(P’)は、上記ジアミン(0)を含有するジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸成分との重合反応により得ることができる。上記ジアミン(0)は、一種を単独で用いてもよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
ジアミン(0)の使用量は、全ジアミン成分に対して、5モル%以上が好ましく、10モル%以上がより好ましく、20モル%以上がさらに好ましい。
上記ポリアミック酸(P’)を製造する場合、ジアミン成分と反応させるテトラカルボン酸成分は、テトラカルボン酸二無水物だけでなく、テトラカルボン酸、テトラカルボン酸ジハライド、テトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル、又はテトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステルジハライドなどのテトラカルボン酸二無水物の誘導体を用いることもできる。
上記テトラカルボン酸二無水物又はその誘導体は、一種を単独で用いてもよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
なお、非環式脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、鎖状炭化水素構造に結合する4つのカルボキシ基が分子内脱水することにより得られる酸二無水物である。但し、鎖状炭化水素構造のみで構成されている必要はなく、その一部に脂環式構造や芳香環構造を有していてもよい。
脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、脂環式構造に結合する少なくとも1つのカルボキシ基を含めて4つのカルボキシ基が分子内脱水することにより得られる酸二無水物である。但し、これら4つのカルボキシ基はいずれも芳香環には結合していない。また、脂環式構造のみで構成されている必要はなく、その一部に鎖状炭化水素構造や芳香環構造を有していてもよい。
芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、芳香環に結合する少なくとも1つのカルボキシ基を含めて4つのカルボキシ基が分子内脱水することにより得られる酸二無水物である。但し、芳香環構造のみで構成されている必要はなく、その一部に鎖状炭化水素構造や脂環式構造を有していてもよい。
1,2,3,4-ブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物等の非環式脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物;1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,2-ジメチル-1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,3-ジメチル-1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,3-ジクロロ-1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,2,3,4-テトラメチル-1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,3-ジフルオロ-1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,3-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)-1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,2,3,4-シクロペンタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,2,4,5-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ジシクロヘキシルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,3,5-トリカルボキシシクロペンチル酢酸二無水物、4-(2,5-ジオキソテトラヒドロフラン-3-イル)テトラヒドロナフタレン-1,2-ジカルボン酸無水物、5-(2,5-ジオキソテトラヒドロフラン-3-イル)-3a,4,5,9b-テトラヒドロナフト[1,2-c]フラン-1,3-ジオン、5-(2,5-ジオキソテトラヒドロフラン-3-イル)-8-メチル-3a,4,5,9b-テトラヒドロナフト[1,2-c]フラン-1,3-ジオン、ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタ-7-エン-2,3,5,6-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン-2,3,5,6-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,4,6,8-テトラカルボキシビシクロ[3.3.0]オクタン-2:4,6:8-二無水物等の脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物;ピロメリット酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ジフェニルスルホンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,4,5,8-ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,3,6,7-ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ジフェニルエーテルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,2’,3,3’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、4,4’-ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェノキシ)-2,2-ジフェニルプロパン二無水物、エチレングリコールビスアンヒドロトリリテメート、4,4’-(ヘキサフルオロイソプロピリデン)ジフタル酸無水物、4,4’-カルボニルジフタル酸無水物、4,4’-オキシジ(1,4-フェニレンジオキシ)ビス(フタル酸無水物)、又は4,4’-メチレンジ(1,4-フェニレンジメチレン)ビス(フタル酸無水物)等の芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物;そのほか、特開2010-97188号公報に記載のテトラカルボン酸二無水物等。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、重合体(P)、及び必要に応じて使用されるその他の成分が、好ましくは適当な溶媒中に分散又は溶解してなる液状の組成物である。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含まれる重合体成分の合計含有量は、形成させようとする塗膜の厚みの設定によっても適宜変更できるが、均一で欠陥のない塗膜を形成させるという点から、液晶配向剤の全質量に対して1質量%以上が好ましく、溶液の保存安定性の点からは10質量%以下が好ましい。
本発明に用いられる重合体(P)の含有量は、液晶配向剤中に含まれる重合体の合計100質量部に対して、1~100質量部が好ましく、10~100質量部がより好ましく、20~100質量部が特に好ましい。
なかでも、残留DC由来の残像を少なくする点から、重合体(B)がより好ましい。
上記その他の重合体は、一種を単独で使用してもよく、また二種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。その他の重合体の含有割合は、液晶配向剤中に含まれる重合体の合計100質量部に対して、90質量部以下が好ましく、10~90質量部がより好ましく、20~80質量部が更に好ましい。
上記重合体(P)の含有量は、液晶配向剤中に含まれる重合体の合計100質量部に対して、90質量部以下でもよく、80質量部以下でもよい。
上記重合体(B)の製造に用いられるテトラカルボン酸成分の具体例は、好ましい具体例を含めて、重合体(P)で例示した化合物と同様の化合物が挙げられる。重合体(B)の製造に用いられるテトラカルボン酸成分は、より好ましくは、ベンゼン環、シクロブタン環、シクロペンタン環及びシクロヘキサン環よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の部分構造を有するテトラカルボン酸二無水物又はこれらの誘導体を含むことがより好ましく、上記特定のテトラカルボン酸誘導体がさらに好ましく、上記特定のテトラカルボン酸誘導体のより好ましい具体例を用いることが最も好ましい。
また、上記特定のテトラカルボン酸誘導体の使用量は、重合体(B)の製造に使用される全テトラカルボン酸成分に対して、10モル%以上が好ましく、20モル%以上がより好ましく、50モル%以上がさらに好ましい。
上記特定ジアミン(b)を用いる場合、その使用量は、重合体(B)の製造に用いられる全ジアミン成分の10モル%以上が好ましく、20モル%以上がより好ましい。特定ジアミン(b)以外のジアミンを用いる場合、その使用量は、重合体(B)の製造に用いられる全ジアミン成分の90モル%以下が好ましく、80モル%以下がより好ましい。
ポリアミック酸の製造は、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸成分とを有機溶媒中で反応させることにより行われる。ポリアミック酸の製造反応に供されるテトラカルボン酸成分とジアミン成分との使用割合は、ジアミン成分のアミノ基1当量に対して、テトラカルボン酸成分の酸無水物基が0.5~2当量となる割合が好ましく、さらに好ましくは0.8~1.2当量である。通常の重縮合反応と同様に、このテトラカルボン酸成分の酸無水物基の当量が1当量に近いほど、生成するポリアミック酸の分子量は大きくなる。
ポリアミック酸の製造における反応温度は-20~150℃が好ましく、0~100℃がより好ましい。また、反応時間は0.1~24時間が好ましく、0.5~12時間がより好ましい。ポリアミック酸の製造は任意の濃度で行うことができる。ポリアミック酸の濃度は、好ましくは1~50質量%、より好ましくは5~30質量%である。反応初期は高濃度で行い、その後、溶媒を追加することもできる。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、例えば、[I]上記の方法で得られたポリアミック酸とエステル化剤とを反応させる方法、[II]テトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミンとを反応させる方法、[III]テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジハロゲン化物とジアミンとを反応させる方法、などの既知の方法によって得ることができる。
ポリイミドは、上記ポリアミック酸又はポリアミック酸エステルなどのポリイミド前駆体を閉環(イミド化)させることによりポリイミドを得ることができる。なお、本明細書でいうイミド化率とは、テトラカルボン酸二無水物又はその誘導体由来のイミド基とカルボキシ基(又はその誘導体)との合計量に占めるイミド基の割合のことである。イミド化率は、必ずしも100%である必要はなく、用途や目的に応じて任意に調整できる。
ポリイミド前駆体を溶液中で熱イミド化させる場合の温度は、好ましくは100~400℃であり、より好ましくは120~250℃であり、イミド化反応により生成する水を系外に除きながら行う方が好ましい。
本発明におけるポリイミド前駆体やポリイミドの末端の例としては、アミノ基、カルボキシ基、酸無水物基又は後述する末端封止剤に由来する基が挙げられる。アミノ基、カルボキシ基、酸無水物基は通常の縮合反応により得るか、又は以下の末端封止剤を用いて末端を封止することにより得ることができる。
末端封止剤の使用割合は、使用するジアミン成分の合計100モル部に対して、0.01~20モル部とすることが好ましく、0.01~10モル部とすることがより好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、上記重合体(P)、上記その他の重合体、及び上記有機溶媒に加えて、それ以外の成分(以下、添加剤成分ともいう。)を含有してもよい。かかる添加剤成分としては、例えば、オキシラニル基、オキセタニル基、ブロックイソシアネート基、オキサゾリン基、シクロカーボネート基、ヒドロキシ基及びアルコキシ基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の置換基を有する架橋性化合物、並びに重合性不飽和基を有する架橋性化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の架橋性化合物、官能性シラン化合物、金属キレート化合物、硬化促進剤、界面活性剤、酸化防止剤、増感剤、防腐剤、得られる液晶配向膜の誘電率や電気抵抗を調整するための化合物などが挙げられる。
特に好ましい固形分濃度の範囲は、基板に液晶配向剤を塗布する際に用いる方法によって異なる。例えばスピンコート法を用いる場合には、固形分濃度が1.5~4.5質量%であることが特に好ましい。印刷法による場合には、固形分濃度を3~9質量%とし、それにより溶液粘度を12~50mPa・sとすることが特に好ましい。インクジェット法による場合には、固形分濃度を1~5質量%とし、それにより、溶液粘度を3~15mPa・sとすることが特に好ましい。液晶配向剤を調製する際の温度は、好ましくは10~50℃であり、より好ましくは20~30℃である。
本発明に係る液晶表示素子は、上記液晶配向剤を用いて形成した液晶配向膜を具備する。液晶表示素子の動作モードは特に限定せず、例えば、TN方式、STN方式、垂直配向方式(VA-MVA方式、VA-PVA方式などを含む。)、面内スイッチング方式(IPS方式、FFS方式)、光学補償ベンド方式(OCB方式)など種々の動作モードに適用することができる。
工程(1)は、液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布する工程である。工程(1)の具体例は以下のとおりである。
パターニングされた透明導電膜が設けられている基板の一面に、液晶配向剤を、例えばロールコーター法、スピンコート法、印刷法、インクジェット法、又はスプレー法などの適宜の塗布方法により塗布する。ここで基板の材質としては、透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス、窒化珪素とともに、アクリル、ポリカーボネート等のプラスチック等を用いることもできる。また、反射型の液晶表示素子では、片側の基板のみにならば、シリコンウエハー等の不透明な物でも使用でき、この場合の電極にはアルミニウム等の光を反射する材料も使用できる。また、IPS方式又はFFS方式の液晶表示素子を製造する場合には、櫛歯型にパターニングされた透明導電膜又は金属膜からなる電極が設けられている基板と、電極が設けられていない対向基板とを用いる。
IPS方式の液晶表示素子において使用される櫛歯電極基板であるIPS基板は、例えば、基材と、基材上に形成され、櫛歯状に配置された複数の線状電極と、基材上に線状電極を覆うように形成された液晶配向膜とを有する。
なお、FFS方式の液晶表示素子において使用される櫛歯電極基板であるFFS基板は、例えば、基材と、基材上に形成された面電極と、面電極上に形成された絶縁膜と、絶縁膜上に形成され、櫛歯状に配置された複数の線状電極と、絶縁膜上に線状電極を覆うように形成された液晶配向膜とを有する。
工程(2)は、基板上に塗布した液晶配向剤を焼成し、膜を形成する工程である。工程(2)の具体例は以下のとおりである。
工程(1)において液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布した後は、ホットプレート、熱循環型オーブン又はIR(赤外線)型オーブンなどの加熱手段により、溶媒を蒸発させたり、ポリアミック酸に代表されるポリイミド前駆体の熱イミド化を行ったりすることができる。液晶配向剤を塗布した後の乾燥、焼成工程は、任意の温度と時間を選択することができ、複数回行ってもよい。液晶配向剤を焼成する温度としては、例えば40~180℃で行うことができる。プロセスを短縮する観点で、40~150℃で行ってもよい。焼成時間としては特に限定されないが、1~10分又は、1~5分が挙げられる。ポリアミック酸に代表されるポリイミド前駆体の熱イミド化を行う場合には、上記工程の後、例えば150~300℃、又は150~250℃で焼成する工程を追加してもよい。焼成時間としては特に限定されないが、例えば5~40分であり、好ましくは5~30分の焼成時間が挙げられる。
焼成後の膜状物の膜厚は、薄すぎると液晶表示素子の信頼性が低下する場合があるので、5~300nmが好ましく、10~200nmがより好ましい。
工程(3)は、場合により、工程(2)で得られた膜に配向処理する工程である。即ち、IPS方式又はFFS方式等の水平配向方式の液晶表示素子では該塗膜に対し配向能付与処理を行う。一方、VA方式又はPSA(Polymer Sustained Alignment)方式等の垂直配向方式の液晶表示素子では、形成した塗膜をそのまま液晶配向膜として使用することができるが、該塗膜に対し配向能付与処理を施してもよい。液晶配向膜の配向処理方法としては、ラビング配向処理法、光配向処理法が挙げられる。光配向処理法としては、上記膜状物の表面に、一定方向に偏光された放射線を照射し、場合により、加熱処理を行い、液晶配向性(液晶配向能ともいう)を付与する方法が挙げられる。放射線としては、100~800nmの波長を有する紫外線又は可視光線を用いることができる。なかでも、好ましくは100~400nm、より好ましくは、200~400nmの波長を有する紫外線である。
上記のようにして液晶配向膜が形成された基板を2枚準備し、対向配置した2枚の基板間に液晶を配置する。具体的には以下の2つの方法が挙げられる。
第一の方法は、先ず、それぞれの液晶配向膜が対向するように間隙(セルギャップ)を介して2枚の基板を対向配置する。次いで、2枚の基板の周辺部をシール剤を用いて貼り合わせ、基板表面及びシール剤により区画されたセルギャップ内に液晶組成物を注入充填して膜面に接触した後、注入孔を封止する。
上記液晶組成物としては、特に制限はなく、少なくとも一種の液晶化合物(液晶分子)を含む組成物であって、誘電率異方性が正または負の各種の液晶組成物を用いることができる。なお、以下では、誘電率異方性が正の液晶組成物を、ポジ型液晶ともいい、誘電率異方性が負の液晶組成物を、ネガ型液晶ともいう。
上記液晶組成物は、フッ素原子、ヒドロキシ基、アミノ基、フッ素原子含有基(例:トリフルオロメチル基)、シアノ基、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルケニル基、イソチオシアネート基、複素環、シクロアルカン、シクロアルケン、ステロイド骨格、ベンゼン環、又はナフタレン環を有する液晶化合物を含んでもよく、分子内に液晶性を発現する剛直な部位(メソゲン骨格)を2つ以上有する化合物(例えば、剛直な二つのビフェニル構造、又はターフェニル構造がアルキル基で連結されたバイメソゲン化合物など)を含んでもよい。液晶組成物は、ネマチック相を呈する液晶組成物、スメクチック相を呈する液晶組成物、又はコレステリック相を呈する液晶組成物であってもよい。
また、上記液晶組成物は、液晶配向性を向上させる観点から、添加物をさらに添加してもよい。このような添加物は、重合性基(メタ(ア)クリロイル基、等)を有する化合物などの光重合性モノマー;光学活性な化合物(例:メルク(株)社製のS-811など);酸化防止剤;紫外線吸収剤;色素;消泡剤;重合開始剤;又は重合禁止剤などが挙げられる。
ポジ型液晶としては、メルク社製のZLI-2293、ZLI-4792、MLC-2003、MLC-2041、MLC-3019又はMLC-7081などが挙げられる。
ネガ型液晶としては、例えばメルク社製のMLC-6608、MLC-6609、MLC-6610、MLC-6882、MLC-6886、MLC-7026、MLC-7026-000、MLC-7026-100、又はMLC-7029などが挙げられる。
また、PSAモードでは、重合性基を有する化合物を含有する液晶として、メルク社製のMLC-3023が挙げられる。
なお、塗膜に対してラビング配向処理を行った場合には、2枚の基板は、各塗膜におけるラビング方向が互いに所定の角度、例えば直交又は逆平行となるように対向配置される。
シール剤としては、例えば硬化剤及びスペーサーとしての酸化アルミニウム球を含有するエポキシ樹脂等を用いることができる。液晶としては、ネマチック液晶及びスメクチック液晶を挙げることができ、そのなかでもネマチック液晶が好ましい。
また、本発明の液晶配向剤は、電極を備えた一対の基板の間に液晶層を有してなり、上記一対の基板の間に活性エネルギー線及び熱の少なくとも一方により重合する重合性基を含む液晶配向膜を配置し、電極間に電圧を印加する工程を経て製造される液晶表示素子(SC-PVA方式の液晶表示素子)にも好ましく用いられる。
重合性化合物を含有する液晶組成物を注入又は滴下する点以外は上記(4)と同様に実施される。重合性化合物としては、例えばアクリレート基やメタクリレート基などの重合性不飽和基を分子内に1個以上有する重合性化合物を挙げることができる。
上記(4)と同様にした後、後述する紫外線を照射する工程を経て液晶表示素子を製造する方法を採用してもよい。この方法によれば、上記PSA方式の液晶表示素子を製造する場合と同様に、少ない光照射量で応答速度に優れた液晶表示素子を得ることができる。重合性基を有する化合物は、上記重合性不飽和基を分子内に1個以上有する化合物であってもよく、その含有量は、全ての重合体成分100質量部に対して0.1~30質量部であることが好ましく、より好ましくは1~20質量部である。また、上記重合性基は液晶配向剤に用いる重合体が有していてもよく、このような重合体としては、例えば上記光重合性基を末端に有するジアミンを含むジアミン成分を反応に用いて得られる重合体が挙げられる。
上記(4-2)又は(4-3)で得られた一対の基板の有する導電膜間に電圧を印加した状態で液晶セルに光照射する。ここで印加する電圧は、例えば5~50Vの直流又は交流とすることができる。また、照射する光としては、例えば150~800nmの波長の光を含む紫外線及び可視光線を用いることができるが、300~400nmの波長の光を含む紫外線が好ましい。照射光の光源としては、例えば低圧水銀ランプ、高圧水銀ランプ、重水素ランプ、メタルハライドランプ、アルゴン共鳴ランプ、キセノンランプ、エキシマレーザーなどを使用することができる。光の照射量は、好ましくは1,000~200,000J/m2であり、より好ましくは1,000~100,000J/m2である。
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ(エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル)
下記の常温GPC(ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー)装置によって測定し、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンオキサイド換算値としてMn及びMwを算出した。
GPC装置:GPC-101(昭和電工社製)、カラム:GPC KD-803、GPC KD-805(昭和電工社製)の直列、カラム温度:50℃、溶離液:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム一水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10mL/L)、流速:1.0mL/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量;約900,000、150,000、100,000及び30,000)(東ソー社製)及びポリエチレングリコール(分子量;約12,000、4,000及び1,000)(ポリマーラボラトリー社製)。
[モノマーの合成]
DA-4及びDA-5はWO2017/047596号公報に記載の手法にて合成した。DA-1及びDA-3は文献等未公開の新規化合物であり、以下に合成法を詳述する。
下記モノマー合成例に記載の生成物は1H-NMR分析により同定した(分析条件は下記の通り)。
装置:フーリエ変換型超伝導核磁気共鳴装置(FT-NMR)「AVANCE III」(BRUKER製)500MHz。
溶媒:重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6、標準物質:テトラメチルシラ
ン)
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm)=6.75(d,2H,J=9.2Hz)、6.80-6.73(m,4H)、5.04(s,4H)、4.17(s,4H).
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm)=6.86(t,2H,J=9.0Hz)、6.39(dd,2H,J=13.5Hz,2.0Hz)6.30-6.28(m,2H)、4.94(s,4H)、4.07(s,4H).
<合成例1>
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの50mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-2(0.541g、5.00mmol)、DA-1(1.90g、5.00mmol)及びNMP(17.9g)を加えて、窒素を送りながら室温で撹拌して溶解させた。その後、CA-1(2.15g、9.60mmol)及びNMP(15.8g)を加えて、40℃で24時間撹拌することで、固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミック酸(PAA-1)の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸のMnは12,800、Mwは31,600であった。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの50mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-2(0.541g、5.00mmol)、DA-3(1.40g、5.00mmol)及びNMP(14.2g)を加えて、窒素を送りながら室温で撹拌して溶解させた。その後、CA-1(2.15g、9.60mmol)及びNMP(15.8g)を加えて、40℃で24時間撹拌することで、ポリアミック酸(PAA-2)の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸のMnは13,000、Mwは35,500であった。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの50mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-2(0.541g、5.00mmol)、DA-4(1.31g、5.00mmol)及びNMP(13.6g)を加えて、窒素を送りながら室温で撹拌して溶解させた。その後、CA-1(2.15g、9.60mmol)及びNMP(15.8g)を加えて、40℃で24時間撹拌することで、固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミック酸(PAA-3)の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸のMnは12,900、Mwは34,600であった。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの50mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-2(0.541g、5.00mmol)、DA-5(1.36g、5.00mmol)及びNMP(14.0g)を加えて、窒素を送りながら室温で撹拌して溶解させた。その後、CA-1(2.15g、9.60mmol)及びNMP(15.7g)を加えて、40℃で24時間撹拌することで、固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミック酸(PAA-4)の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸のMnは13,000、Mwは31,700であった。
<実施例1>
上記合成例1で得られたポリアミック酸(PAA-1)の溶液(10.0g)にNMP(14.0g)及びBCS(6.00g)を加えて、室温で30分間撹拌することで、液晶配向剤(AL-1)を得た。
使用するポリアミック酸の溶液を(PAA-1)から(PAA-2)~(PAA-4)に置き換えた点以外は実施例1と同様に実施することで、液晶配向剤(AL-2)~(AL-4)を得た。
上記実施例及び比較例で得られた液晶配向剤の仕様を表2に示す。
上記で得られた液晶配向剤を用いて下記に示すような手順で液晶セルの作製を行った。液晶配向剤をそれぞれ孔径1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、ITO電極付きガラス基板(縦40mm×横30mm×厚み0.7mm)にスピンコート法により塗布し、80℃のホットプレート上で60秒間乾燥した後、230℃の赤外線加熱炉で20分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。この塗膜面に偏光板を介して消光比26:1の直線偏光した波長254nmの紫外線を400mJ/cm2又は600mJ/cm2又は800mJ/cm2のいずれかを照射して配向処理を施し、更に230℃の赤外線加熱炉で30分間焼成して液晶配向膜付き基板(第1のガラス基板)を得た。配向方向が第1のガラス基板と直交するように配向処理することを除いては上記と同様にして、液晶配向膜付き基板(第2のガラス基板)を得た。上記2枚の基板を一組とし、その1枚の液晶配向膜上に直径4μmのビーズスペーサー(日揮触媒化成社製、真絲球、SW-D1)を塗布し、液晶注入口を残して周囲にシール剤(三井化学社製、XN-1500T)を印刷し、もう1枚の基板を、液晶配向膜面が向き合う配向方向が0°になるようにして貼り合わせた。その後、シール剤を150℃で60分間の加熱処理を行い、硬化させて空セルを作製した。この空セルに減圧注入法によって、液晶MLC-3019(メルク社製)を注入し、注入口を封止して、液晶セルを得た。その後、得られた液晶セルを120℃で1時間加熱してから評価に使用した。
AXOMETRICS社製AxoStepを用いて液晶セルのツイスト角のばらつきの評価を行った。上記で作製した液晶セルを測定ステージに設置し、電圧無印加の状態で、画素面内のCircular Retardanceの分布を測定して標準偏差σの3倍である3σを算出した。面内均一性は、この3σの値が小さいほど良好であると言える。評価基準として、上記3σ値が、それぞれ、3.00以下の場合を「○」、3.00より大きく5.00以下の場合を「△」、5.00より大きい場合を「×」とした。結果を表3に示す。
上記で得られた液晶配向剤をそれぞれ孔径1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、ITO電極付きガラス基板(縦40mm×横30mm×厚み1.1mm)にスピンコート法により塗布し、80℃のホットプレート上で60秒間乾燥した後、230℃の赤外線加熱炉で20分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。この塗膜面に偏光板を介して消光比26:1の直線偏光した波長254nmの紫外線を500mJ/cm2を照射し、更に230℃の赤外線加熱炉で30分間焼成して液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。この基板について、水の接触角を全自動接触角計(協和界面科学社製、DM-701)により測定した。評価基準として、水接触角が50°より大きい場合を「○」、50°以下の場合を「×」とした。結果を表3に示す。
Claims (15)
- 下記式(DA)で表されるジアミン(0)を含むジアミン成分を用いて得られるポリイミド前駆体及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化物であるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体(P)を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
(R1は、互いに独立して、水素原子、メチル基、フッ素原子、フッ素原子を2個以上有する炭素数1~3のフルオロアルキル基、又はフッ素原子を2個以上有する炭素数1~3のフルオロアルコキシ基を表し、R1の少なくとも1つは、フッ素原子を2個以上有する炭素数1~3のフルオロアルキル基、又はフッ素原子を2個以上有する炭素数1~3のフルオロアルコキシ基を表す。
Z1は、互いに独立して、水素原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数2~6のアルケニル基または炭素数2~6のアルキニル基を表し、上記アルキル基、アルケニル基、又はアルキニル基が有する水素原子は、1価の基で置換されてもよい。nは1~6の整数である。) - 前記重合体(P)が、前記ジアミン成分と、非環式脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物、脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物、芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物、又はこれらの誘導体を含有するテトラカルボン酸成分と、の重縮合反応により得られる、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記ジアミン(0)の使用量が、前記ジアミン成分に対して、5モル%以上である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- さらに、前記ジアミン(0)を含有しないジアミン成分を用いて得られるポリイミド前駆体及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化物であるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体(B)を含有する、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項7に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
- 下記の工程(1)~(3)を含む、液晶表示素子の製造方法。
工程(1):請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布する工程
工程(2):塗布した前記液晶配向剤を焼成し、膜を得る工程
工程(3):工程(2)で得られた前記膜に配向処理する工程 - 前記配向処理が、光配向処理である、請求項9に記載の液晶表示素子の製造方法。
- 請求項11に記載のジアミンを含むジアミン成分から得られる重合体。
- 請求項11に記載のジアミンを含むジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸成分との重縮合反応により得られるポリイミド前駆体又はそのイミド化物であるポリイミド。
- 下記式(DA)で表されるジアミン(0)を含むジアミン成分を用いて得られるポリイミド前駆体及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化物であるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体。
(R1は、互いに独立して、水素原子、メチル基、フッ素原子、フッ素原子を2個以上有する炭素数1~3のフルオロアルキル基、又はフッ素原子を2個以上有する炭素数1~3のフルオロアルコキシ基を表し、R1の少なくとも1つは、フッ素原子を2個以上有する炭素数1~3のフルオロアルキル基、又はフッ素原子を2個以上有する炭素数1~3のフルオロアルコキシ基を表す。
Z1は、互いに独立して、水素原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数2~6のアルケニル基または炭素数2~6のアルキニル基を表し、上記アルキル基、アルケニル基、又はアルキニル基が有する水素原子は、1価の基で置換されてもよい。nは1~6の整数である。)
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