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WO2023068982A1 - Écart de mesure multi-usim basé sur une condition de proximité de réception de signal - Google Patents

Écart de mesure multi-usim basé sur une condition de proximité de réception de signal Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023068982A1
WO2023068982A1 PCT/SE2022/050909 SE2022050909W WO2023068982A1 WO 2023068982 A1 WO2023068982 A1 WO 2023068982A1 SE 2022050909 W SE2022050909 W SE 2022050909W WO 2023068982 A1 WO2023068982 A1 WO 2023068982A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cell
signal
cell2
network node
network
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English (en)
Inventor
Zhixun Tang
Muhammad Ali Kazmi
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Publication of WO2023068982A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023068982A1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/10—Scheduling measurement reports ; Arrangements for measurement reports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/15—Setup of multiple wireless link connections
    • H04W76/16—Involving different core network technologies, e.g. a packet-switched [PS] bearer in combination with a circuit-switched [CS] bearer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
    • H04W76/28—Discontinuous transmission [DTX]; Discontinuous reception [DRX]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/18—Processing of user or subscriber data, e.g. subscribed services, user preferences or user profiles; Transfer of user or subscriber data
    • H04W8/183—Processing at user equipment or user record carrier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the operation of User Equipment accessing two or more wireless communication networks, and in particular to configuring measurement gaps in one cell based on signal reception proximity in another cell, to reliably measure the different network signal properties in advance of receiving signaling from the networks.
  • Wireless communication networks are ubiquitous in many parts of the world. These networks continue to grow in capacity and sophistication. To accommodate more users, different types of devices, and different use cases, the technical standards governing the operation of wireless communication networks continue to evolve.
  • the fourth generation (4G) of network standards has been deployed, and the fifth generation (5G), also referred to as New Radio or NR is in development.
  • each wireless device also referred to as User Equipment, or UE which is authorized to access the network, is configured with a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) or Universal SIM (USIM).
  • SIM Subscriber Identity Module
  • USIM Universal SIM
  • the (U)SIM is a secure element that identifies a subscriber in the network, and allows Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) to bill an associated account for network usage.
  • MNOs Mobile Network Operators
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • RRC Connected state radio resources are allocated to the UE, and typically it is engaged in wireless communication with the network.
  • RRC Idle in which the network does not maintain an active connection or perform mobility management, and the UE activity is limited (e.g., it listens for paging messages).
  • RRC Idle in which the network does not maintain an active connection or perform mobility management, and the UE activity is limited (e.g., it listens for paging messages).
  • RRC Idle state in which the network does not maintain an active connection or perform mobility management, and the UE activity is limited (e.g., it listens for paging messages).
  • RAN Radio Access Network
  • Discontinuous Reception DRX
  • DRX Discontinuous Reception
  • a multi-USIM (MUSIM) User Equipment (UE) has two or more subscriptions for different services (e.g., one individual subscription and one family circle plan).
  • Each (U)SIM may be associated with one subscription.
  • Different (ll)SIM in the UE may be associated with or belong to or registered with the same operator or different operators.
  • the UE may be in RRC Idle or Inactive with respect to all the registered networks. In this case the UE need to monitor and receive paging from more than one network.
  • the UE may be in RRC Idle or Inactive with respect to one of the registered networks while in RRC Connected with respect to another network. In this case the UE needs to monitor and receive paging from one network while receiving/transmitting data in another network.
  • RRC Idle the UE monitors the paging channels for core network-initiated paging.
  • RRC Inactive the UE also monitors paging channels for RAN-initiated paging.
  • RRC Inactive the UE can move within an area configured by NG-RAN (the RNA) without notifying NG-RAN.
  • the UE in RRC Idle or RRC Inactive is only required to monitor paging channels during one Paging Occasion (PO) per DRX cycle. This is called the paging DRX cycle, which is configured by the network.
  • the different POs in a DRX cycle are configurable via system information, and the network may distribute UEs to the POs based on their IDs.
  • the UE can perform serving cell evaluation, cell selection, and cell reselection, including detection and measurements.
  • An example of UE requirements for serving cell evaluation in RRC Idle or RRC Inactive is shown in Table 1.
  • the UE measures the serving cell (e.g., SS-RSRP and SS-RSRQ level of the serving cell) and based on the serving cell measurement, evaluates the cell selection criterion S for the serving cell at least once every M1*N1 DRX cycle; where:
  • the UE filters each of the serving cell measurements ⁇ e.g., SS-RSRP and SS- RSRQ measurements of the serving cell) using at least 2 measurements. Within the set of measurements used for the filtering, at least two measurements shall be spaced by at least DRX cycle/2. If the UE has evaluated according to Table 1, that in Nserv consecutive DRX cycles, the serving cell does not fulfil the cell selection criterion S, then the UE shall initiate the measurements of all neighbor cells indicated by the serving cell, regardless of the measurement rules currently limiting UE measurement activities. Table 1 : Evaluation of serving cell during N S erv
  • NR intra-frequency measurements e.g., NR cell identification, SS-RSRP, SS-RSRQ etc.
  • table 2 Another example of requirements for different NR intra-frequency measurements (e.g., NR cell identification, SS-RSRP, SS-RSRQ etc.) performed by the UE in RRC Idle and RRC Inactive is shown in table 2.
  • the UE identifies new intra-frequency cells and performs SS- RSRP and SS-RSRQ measurements of the identified intra-frequency cells within Tdetect,NRjntra.
  • the UE measures SS-RSRP and SS-RSRQ of the identified intra-frequency cells at least every Tmeasure,NR_mtra.
  • the UE evaluates an identified cell for cell reselection within T ev aiuate,NR_mtra.
  • the UE measures SS-RSRP and SS-RSRQ of the identified intra-frequency cells at least every Tmeasure,NR_intra.
  • the UE filters SS-RSRP and SS-RSRQ measurements of each measured intra- frequency cell using at least two measurements. Within the set of measurements used for the filtering, at least two measurements shall be spaced by at least T m easure,NR_intra/2.
  • the UE shall not consider a NR neighbor cell in cell reselection if it is indicated as not allowed in the measurement control system information of the serving cell.
  • NR inter-frequency measurements e.g., cell identification, SS-RSRP, SS-RSRQ, etc.
  • inter-RAT measurements e.g., LTE cell identification, LTE RSRP, LTE RSRQ, etc.
  • the UE can be configured with a DRX cycle to use in all RRC states (e.g., RRC Idle state, RRC Inactive state, and RRC Connected state) to save UE battery power.
  • RRC states e.g., RRC Idle state, RRC Inactive state, and RRC Connected state
  • Examples of lengths of DRX cycles currently used in RRC Idle/lnactive state are 256 ms, 320 ms, 640 ms, 1.28 s, 2.56 s, 5.12 s, 10.24 s, etc.
  • Examples of lengths of DRX cycles currently used in RRC Connected state may range from 256 ms to 10.24 s.
  • the DRX cycle is configured by the network node and is characterized by the following parameters:
  • On duration During the on duration of the DRX cycle, a timer called ‘onDurationTimer’, which is configured by the network node, is running. This timer specifies the number of consecutive control channel subframes (e.g., PDCCH slots) at the beginning of a DRX Cycle. It is also interchangeably called as DRX ON period. It is the duration (e.g., in number of downlink subframes) during which the UE, after waking up from DRX, may receive control channel signaling (e.g., PDCCH, wake up signal, etc.). If the UE successfully decodes the control channel (e.g., PDCCH) during the on duration then the UE starts a drx-inactivity timer (see below) and stays awake until its expiry.
  • PDCCH control channel signaling
  • This timer specifies the number of consecutive control channel (e.g., PDCCH,) subframe(s) after the subframe in which a control channel (e.g., PDCCH) indicates an initial UL or DL user data transmission for this MAC entity. It is also configured by the network node.
  • PDCCH control channel
  • DRX active time This time is the duration during which the UE monitors the control channel (e.g., PDCCH, wake up signals, etc.). In other words, this is the total duration during which the UE is awake. This includes the “on-duration” of the DRX cycle, the time during which the UE is performing continuous reception while the inactivity timer has not expired, and the time the UE is performing continuous reception while waiting for a DL retransmission after one HARQ round trip time. This means the duration over which the drx-inactivity timer is running is referred to as DRX active time i.e. no DRX is used by the UE.
  • DRX inactive time The time during the DRX cycle other than the active time is referred to as DRX inactive time, i.e., DRX is used by the UE.
  • the DRX active time and DRX inactive time - are also called as DRX ON and DRX OFF durations of the DRX cycle, respectively - are shown in Figure 1.
  • the DRX inactive time may also be referred to as non-DRX or non-DRX period.
  • the DRX operation with more detailed parameters is illustrated in Figure 2.
  • DRX configuration herein may also be an enhanced or extended DRX (eDRX) configuration which applies in RRC Idle or RRC Inactive states (only up to 10.24 seconds).
  • eDRX enhanced or extended DRX
  • the UE can be configured with DRX cycle length of up to 10.24 seconds.
  • UEs supporting extended DRX eDRX
  • eDRX can be configured with a DRX cycle at least longer than 10.24 seconds and typically much longer than 10.24 seconds i.e., on the order of several seconds to several minutes.
  • the eDRX configuration parameters include an eDRX cycle length, paging window length, also known as the paging time window (PTW) length, etc.
  • PTW paging time window
  • a measurement gap pattern is used by the UE for performing measurements on cells of the non-serving carriers ⁇ e.g., inter-frequency carrier, inter-RAT carriers, etc.).
  • gaps are also used for measurements on cells of the serving carrier in some scenarios, e.g., if the measured signals ⁇ e.g., SSB) are outside the bandwidth part (BWP) of the serving cell.
  • the UE is scheduled in the serving cell only within the BWP. During the gap the UE cannot be scheduled for receiving/transmitting signals in the serving cell.
  • MGP measurement gap length
  • MGRP measurement gap repetition period
  • MGTO measurement gap time offset
  • SFN slot offset with respect to serving cell’s
  • measurement gap timing advance MGTA
  • MGP measurement gap timing advance
  • FR1 is currently defined from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz.
  • the FR2 range is currently defined from 24250 MHz to 52600 MHz.
  • FR2 range can be from 24250 MHz to 71000 MHz.
  • the FR2 range is also interchangeably called as millimeter wave (mmwave) and corresponding bands in FR2 are called as mmwave bands.
  • additional frequency ranges may be specified e.g., FR3.
  • An example of FR3 is frequency ranging above 52600 MHz or between 52600 MHz and 71000 MHz or between 7125 MHz and 24250 MHz.
  • the UE When configured with per-UE MGP, the UE creates gaps on all the serving cells ⁇ e.g., PCell, PSCell, SCells, etc.) regardless of their frequency range.
  • the per-UE MGP can be used by the UE for performing measurements on cells of any carrier frequency belonging to any RAT or frequency range (FR).
  • the UE When configured with per-FR MGP (if UE supports this capability), the UE creates gaps only on the serving cells of the indicated FR whose carriers are to be measured.
  • the UE creates measurement gaps only on serving cells e.g., PCell, PSCell, SCells, etc.) of FR1 , while no gaps are created on serving cells on carriers of FR2.
  • the per-FR1 gaps can be used for measurement on cells of only FR1 carriers.
  • per-FR2 gaps when configured are only created on FR2 serving cells and can be used for measurement on cells of only FR2 carriers.
  • Support for per-FR gaps is a UE capability, i.e., certain UE may only support per-UE gaps according to their capability.
  • C-MGP concurrent measurement gap pattern
  • MGP multiple measurement gap patterns ⁇ e.g., two or more MGPs
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • the UE capable of multi-USIM is served by at least two serving cells, which belong to different networks.
  • the UE performs measurements and/or receives one or more signals ⁇ e.g., system information, data, control signal, paging, etc.) and/or transmits one or more signals ⁇ e.g., data, control signal, reference signal such as SRS, random access, etc.) in at least two cells during at least a partially overlapping time period, e.g., when served by at least the two networks.
  • the main problem is that unlike legacy multi-carrier operation ⁇ e.g., carrier aggregation, multiconnectivity, etc.), in multi-USIM scenario, one serving cell which is operated or managed by one network may not be aware of the UE operation ⁇ e.g., measurements, etc.) in the other serving cell(s) which is operated or managed by the other network. This may cause severe impact in terms of interruption or loss of signals in a serving cell due to operations in other serving cells.
  • the interruptions can also be unpredictable, i.e., the UE may not have advance information of the interruptions. This causes loss of data in the serving cell where the interruption occurs. To avoid unpredictable interruption, the UE can be configured with measurement gaps.
  • gaps should ensure that all necessary operations are performed in each of the multiple networks.
  • a UE in multi-USIM operation is configured by one serving cell (celU) with at least one measurement gap pattern, which provides at least one measurement gap, at least AT time period before the reception of at least one signal ⁇ e.g., paging, etc.) in another serving cell (cell2).
  • celU serving cell
  • cell2 serving cell
  • a UE is configured to operate in multi-USIM scenario where: the UE’s first serving cell (celU) and a first network node (NN1) managing or serving celU are comprised in a first network (NW1); and the UE’s second serving cell (cell2) and a second network node (NN2) managing or serving cell2 are comprised in a second network (NW2).
  • Embodiments comprise methods in a first network node (NN1), a UE, and a second network node (NN2).
  • NN1 determines at least one measurement gap pattern (MGP) which meets at least one signal reception proximity (SRP) condition, and configures the UE with the determined MGP.
  • MGP measurement gap pattern
  • SRP signal reception proximity
  • the UE obtains at least one MGP which meets at least one SRP condition; and uses the determined MGP for performing one or more operational tasks.
  • Examples of tasks performed by the UE include configuring the obtained MGP in the UE, using the configured MGP for receiving signals in cell2, etc.
  • the UE obtains at least one MGP which does NOT meet a SRP condition; and uses the determined MGP for performing one or more operational tasks.
  • Examples of tasks performed by the UE include informing NN2 that the obtained MGP does NOT meet the SRP condition, the type of SRP condition not met for the obtained MGP, requesting NN2 to adapt one or more signals in cell2 for enabling the obtained MGP to meet the SRP condition, etc.
  • NN2 obtains information about at least one MGP configured in the UE which does NOT meet a SRP condition; and uses the determined MGP for performing one or more operational tasks.
  • Examples of tasks performed by NN2 include adapting one or more signals in cell2 for enabling the MGP configured in the UE to meet the SRP condition, transmitting the adapted signals in cell2, transmitting information (e.g., type of adaptation, timing when cell2 starts transmission of the adapted signals, etc.) about the adapted signals in cell2 to the UE, etc.
  • information e.g., type of adaptation, timing when cell2 starts transmission of the adapted signals, etc.
  • Examples of one or more criteria for the MGP to meet the signal reception proximity (SRP) conditions include:
  • SRP is met for the MGP if the MGP enables the UE to receive a first signal (S1) (e.g., SSB) in cell2 within certain time period (AT) before a time occasion (TO2) in which the UE can receive a second signal (S2) (e.g., paging) in cell2.
  • S1 e.g., SSB
  • AT time period
  • TO2 time occasion
  • S2 e.g., paging
  • SRP is met for the MGP if the MGP enables the UE to receive S1 in cell2 in at least one of the gaps of the MGP within AT before TO2 in which the UE can receive S2 in cell2.
  • the UE may or may not use a measurement gap for receiving S2. If it does use a measurement gap for receiving S2, the UE may use one of the measurement gaps of the same MGP which is used for S1 reception, or the UE may use a measurement gap of another MGP.
  • the MGP can have multiple MG on durations (MGOD) (e.g., two or more gaps) within a single MGRP.
  • MGOD MG on durations
  • the MGODs within each MGRP can be separated in time by one or more time resources (e.g., z1 slots) or one or more time units (e.g., z2 ms).
  • the multiple MGOD can be used to receive S1 and S2 separately with the same periodicity (MGRP).
  • SRP is met for the MGP if the MGP is associated with or related to at least one parameter related to or defining a DRX cycle configured in a cell (e.g., in cell2).
  • the SRP is met if the MGRP of the MGP is K1*Tdrx.
  • T dr x is the DRX cycle length (e.g., 0.32s, 0.64s, 1.28s, 2.56s, etc.)
  • One embodiment relates to a method, performed by a Multi-USIM User Equipment (UE) operative in a first cell of a wireless communication network, for enabling the UE to communicate in a second cell.
  • a first Measurement Gap Pattern (MGP1) for the first cell is obtained, where MGP1 comprises a first Measurement Gap, MG1, for receiving a first signal in the second cell.
  • a second Measurement Gap Pattern (MGP2) for the second cell is obtained, where MGP2 comprises a second Measurement Gap (MG2) for receiving a second signal in the second cell.
  • MGP1 is within a time period before MG2, the first signal in MG1 and the second signal in MG2 should be received.
  • MG1 is not within a time period before MG2, the first signal in MG1 and/or the second signal in MG2 should be omitted.
  • Another embodiment relates to a method, performed by a network node operative in a wireless communication network and serving a Multi-USIM User Equipment (UE) in a first cell, wherein the UE is also served in a second cell, for enabling the UE to communicate in the second cell.
  • a first Measurement Gap Pattern (MGP1) for the first cell is configured for the UE, wherein MGP1 comprises a first Measurement Gap (MG1) for the UE to receive a first signal in the second cell.
  • MGP2 comprises a second Measurement Gap (MG2) for the UE to receive a second signal in the second cell.
  • MG1 When MG1 is within a time period before MG2, this indicates that the first signal should be received in MG1, and that the second signal should be received in MG2. When MG1 is not within a time period before MG2, this indicates that the first signal should not be received in MG1 and/or that the second signal should not be received in MG2.
  • Still another embodiment relates to a Multi-USIM User Equipment (UE) operative in a first cell of a wireless communication network.
  • the Multi-USIM UE includes communication circuitry configured to wirelessly communicate with other nodes and processing circuitry operatively connected to the communication circuitry.
  • the processing circuitry is configured to: obtain a first Measurement Gap Pattern (MGP1) for the first cell and obtain a second Measurement Gap Pattern (MGP2) for the second cell.
  • MGP1 comprises a first Measurement Gap (MG1) for receiving a first signal in the second cell.
  • MGP2 comprises a second Measurement Gap (MG2) for receiving a second signal in the second cell.
  • the UE When MG1 is within a time period before MG2, the UE receives the first signal in MG1 and the second signal in MG2. When MG1 is not within a time period before MG2, the UE omits receiving the first signal in MG1 and/or the second signal in MG2.
  • Still another embodiment relates to a network node operative in a wireless communication network and serving a Multi-USIM User Equipment (UE) in a first cell, wherein the UE is also served in a second cell.
  • the first network node includes communication circuitry configured to wirelessly communicate with other nodes and processing circuitry operatively connected to the communication circuitry.
  • the processing circuitry is configured to: configure the UE with a first Measurement Gap Pattern, MGP1 , for the first cell and configure the UE with a second Measurement Gap Pattern, MGP2, for the second cell.
  • MGP1 comprises a first Measurement Gap (MG1) for the UE to receive a first signal in the second cell (cell2).
  • MGP2 comprises a second Measurement Gap (MG2) for the UE to receive a second signal in the second cell.
  • MG1 is within a time period before MG2, this indicates that the first signal should be received in MG1, and that the second signal should be received in MG2.
  • MG1 is not within a time period before MG2, this indicates that the first signal should not be received in MG1 and/or that the second signal should not be received in MG2.
  • Figure 1 is a timing diagram showing DRX operation.
  • Figure 2 is a timing diagram of a DRX cycle.
  • Figure 3 is a timing diagram of measurement gaps.
  • Figure 4 is a network diagram of a Multi-USIM UE being served by network nodes in each of two cells.
  • Figure 5 is a timing diagram of DRX and various timing opportunities for signal measurements.
  • Figure 6 is a timing diagram showing a measurement gap at least AT ahead of a paging occasion.
  • Figure 7 is a flow diagram of a method 100 performed by a Multi-USIM UE.
  • Figure 8 is a flow diagram of a method 200 performed by a first network node.
  • Figure 9 is a flow diagram of a method 300 performed by a second network node.
  • Figure 10 is a flow diagram of a method 400 performed by a Multi-USIM UE.
  • Figure 11 is a flow diagram of a method 500 performed by a network node.
  • Figure 12 is a hardware block diagram of a Multi-USIM UE.
  • Figure 13 is a functional block diagram of a Multi-USIM UE.
  • Figure 14 is a hardware block diagram of a network node.
  • Figure 15 is a functional block diagram of a first network node serving a Multi-USIM UE in a first cell.
  • Figure 16 is a functional block diagram of a second network node serving a Multi- USIM UE in a second cell.
  • Figure 17 is a block diagram of a communication system.
  • Figure 18 is a block diagram of a UE.
  • Figure 19 is a block diagram of a network node.
  • Figure 20 is a block diagram of a host.
  • Figure 21 is a block diagram of a virtualization environment.
  • Figure 22 is a block diagram depicting Over the Top communications between a UE and a host.
  • node can be a network node or a user equipment (UE).
  • UE user equipment
  • Examples of network nodes are NodeB, base station (BS), multi-standard radio (MSR) radio node such as MSR BS, eNodeB, gNodeB, MeNB, SeNB, location measurement unit (LMU), integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, network controller, radio network controller (RNC), base station controller (BSC), relay, donor node controlling relay, base transceiver station (BTS), Central Unit (e.g., in a gNB), Distributed Unit (e.g., in a gNB), Baseband Unit, Centralized Baseband, C-RAN, access point (AP), transmission points, transmission nodes, transmission reception point (TRP), RRU, RRH, nodes in distributed antenna system (DAS), core network node (e.g., MSC, MME etc.), O&M, OSS, SON, positioning node (e.g., E-SMLC), etc.
  • MSR multi-standard radio
  • MSR multi-standard radio
  • MSR multi-standard radio
  • the non-limiting term UE refers to any type of wireless device communicating with a network node and/or with another UE in a cellular or mobile communication system.
  • Examples of UE are target device, device to device (D2D) UE, vehicular to vehicular (V2V), machine type UE, MTC UE or UE capable of machine to machine (M2M) communication, PDA, tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone, laptop embedded equipment (LEE), laptop mounted equipment (LME), USB dongles etc.
  • radio access technology may refer to any RAT, e.g., Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), narrow band internet of things (NB- loT), WiFi, Bluetooth, next generation RAT, New Radio (NR), 4G, 5G, etc.
  • UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
  • E-UTRA Evolved UTRA
  • NB- loT narrow band internet of things
  • WiFi Bluetooth
  • NR New Radio
  • 5G New Radio
  • Any of the equipment denoted by the term node, network node, or radio network node may be capable of supporting a single or multiple RATs.
  • signal or radio signal used herein can be any physical signal or physical channel.
  • Examples of downlink (DL) physical signals are reference signals (RS) such as PSS, SSS, CSI-RS, DMRS signals in SS/PBCH block (SSB), discovery reference signal (DRS), CRS, PRS etc.
  • RS may be periodic, e.g., RS occasion carrying one or more RSs may occur with certain periodicity, e.g., 20 ms, 40 ms, etc.
  • the RS may also be aperiodic.
  • Each SSB carries NR-PSS, NR-SSS and NR-PBCH in four successive symbols.
  • One or multiple SSBs are transmitted in one SSB burst, which is repeated with certain periodicity, e.g., 5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms and 160 ms.
  • the UE is configured with information about SSB on cells of certain carrier frequency by one or more SS/PBCH block measurement timing configurations (SMTC).
  • the SMTC comprises parameters such as SMTC periodicity, SMTC occasion length in time or duration, SMTC time offset with respect to reference time e.g., serving cell’s SFN) etc.
  • SMTC occasion may also occur with certain periodicity e.g., 5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms and 160 ms.
  • Examples of UL physical signals are reference signal such as SRS, DM RS etc.
  • the term physical channel refers to any channel carrying higher layer information e.g., data, control etc. Examples of physical channels are PBCH, NPBCH, PDCCH, PDSCH, sPUCCH, sPDSCH. sPUCCH. sPUSCH, MPDCCH, NPDCCH, NPDSCH, E-PDCCH, PUSCH, PLICCH, NPLISCH, etc., as known to those of skill in the art.
  • time resource used herein may correspond to any type of physical resource or radio resource expressed in terms of length of time.
  • time resources include: symbol, sub-slot, mini-slot, slot or time slot, subframe, radio frame, TTI, interleaving time, SFN cycle, hyper-SFN cycle, etc.
  • multi-USIM used herein may also be referred to as multi-subscription, multi-SIM, dual SIM, dual-USIM, etc.
  • multi-USIM may be used hereinafter.
  • Each (U)SIM in the UE may be associated with at least one subscription of a mobile network operator (MNO).
  • MNO mobile network operator
  • the scenario in which embodiments of the present invention are described comprises a UE served by at least two cells: a first cell (celU) and a second cell (cell2).
  • Celli and cell2 may operate on, or belong to, or be configured using: a first carrier frequency (F1) and a second carrier frequency (F2), respectively.
  • the carrier frequency is also referred to as component carrier (CC), frequency layer, serving carrier, frequency channel, etc.
  • the carrier frequency related information is signaled to the UE using a channel number, e.g., Absolute Radio-Frequency Channel Number (ARFCN), NR-ARFCN, etc.
  • F1 and F2 may belong to the same or different frequency bands.
  • the coverage areas of celU and cell2 may fully overlap, or may not overlap at all, or may partially overlap with respect to each other.
  • CelU is served or managed or controlled by a first network node (NN1) which is comprised in a first network (NW1).
  • Cell2 in turn, is served or managed or controlled by a second network node (NN2) which is comprised in a second network (NW2). Therefore, the UE is served by or managed by at least two networks (NW1 and NW2).
  • NW1 and NW2 may be managed by or belong to the same operator.
  • NW1 and NW2 may be managed by or belong to different operators. This is realized by the UE capable of multi-USIM operation, i.e., supporting at least two (U)SIMs.
  • one of the supported (ll)SIMs is associated with subscription to NW1
  • the other supported (ll)SIM is associated with subscription to NW2.
  • the UE is served by one serving cell in each NW, e.g., by celll and cell2 in NW1 and NW2, respectively.
  • the UE may further be served by more than one cell in NW1 , and/or by more than one cell in NW2.
  • Examples of cells are serving cell, neighbor cell, non-serving cell, etc.
  • MC multicarrier
  • the UE is served by more than one serving cell.
  • Each cell may operate or belong to a carrier frequency.
  • Examples of MC operations are carrier aggregation (CA), dual connectivity (DC), multi-connectivity (MuC), etc.
  • the carrier frequency is also called a component carrier (CC), frequency layer, serving carrier, frequency channel, etc.
  • Examples of serving cells are special serving cell or special cell (SpCell), secondary serving cell or secondary cell (SCell), etc.
  • SpCell may be more important than SCell, as it may carry some control signaling.
  • Examples of SpCell are primary serving cell or primary cell (PCell), primary secondary serving cell or primary secondary cell (PSCell), etc.
  • the carrier frequencies of SpCell, SCell, PCell, and PSCell are referred to as special CC (SpCC) or simply SpC, secondary CC (SCC), primary CC (PCC) and primary secondary CC (PSCC) or simply PSC, respectively.
  • the UE has one PCell and one or more SCells.
  • DC comprises a master cell group (MCG) which contains at least a PCell and a secondary cell group (SCG).
  • MCG master cell group
  • SCG secondary cell group
  • SCG secondary cell group
  • SCG secondary cell group
  • Each of MCG and SCG may further contain one or more SCells.
  • the PCell manages ⁇ e.g., configures, changes, release, etc.) all SCells in MCG and PSCell in SCG.
  • PSCell manages all SCells in SCG.
  • the cells in MCG and SCG may belong to the same RAT e.g., all cells are NR in both MCG and SCG, as in NR-DC) or they may belong to different RATs ⁇ e.g., LTE cells in MCG and NR cells in SCG, as in EN-DC; or NR cells in MCG and LTE cells in SCG, as in NE-DC).
  • celll and cell2 are sPCelU and sPCell2, respectively.
  • NN1 and NN2 may be two different logical network nodes, as well as two different physical network nodes. In another embodiment, NN1 and NN2 may be two different logical network nodes but may be comprised in the same physical network node. NN1 and NN2 may or may not be physically located at the same site.
  • the UE may be served by celll and cell2 during at least partially overlapping time periods.
  • the UE is served by celll during time period D1 and by cell2 during time period D2.
  • D1 and D2 may fully overlap in time e.g., D1 and D2 start at the same time instance and also end at the same time instance.
  • D1 and D2 may only partially overlap in time e.g., D1 and D2 may start at the same time but end at different time instances, or D1 and D2 may start at different time instances but end at the same time instance, or D1 and D2 may start at different time instances and also end at different time instances.
  • the UE may be configured to operate in the same RRC activity state with respect to celll and cell2 during at least partially overlapping time. In another embodiment the UE may be configured to operate in different RRC activity states with respect to celll and cell2 during at least partially overlapping times. Examples of RRC activity states are low activity RRC state, high activity state, etc. In low activity RRC state, the UE may typically be configured to operate using a DRX cycle which is equal to or larger than a certain threshold, e.g., 320 ms or longer. In high activity RRC state, the UE may or may not be configured to operate with a DRX cycle, or may be configured with any DRX cycle when configured.
  • Examples of low activity RRC state are RRC Idle state, RRC Inactive state, etc.
  • An example of a high activity RRC state is RRC Connected state.
  • the UE is served by celll in NN1 in high activity RRC state ⁇ e.g., RRC Connected state), but is served by cell2 in NN2 in any of the low activity states and high activity RRC state.
  • the UE is served by celll in NN1 in high activity RRC state, but is served by cell2 in NN2 in any low activity state e.g., RRC Idle state or RRC Inactive state).
  • Figure 4 illustrates an example of multi-USIM operation of the UE where the UE is served at celll and cell2 in the operators’ networks, NN1 and NN2 respectively.
  • the scenario described in this section and illustrated in Figure 4 is applicable to all the embodiments described hereinafter.
  • NN1 determines a first measurement gap pattern (MGP1), which meets at least one signal reception proximity (SRP) condition; and NN1 configures the UE with the determined MGP1.
  • MGP1 first measurement gap pattern
  • SRP signal reception proximity
  • the signal reception proximity (SRP) conditions are described below with examples.
  • the SRP condition is met for a measurement gap pattern ⁇ e.g., MGP1) provided that one or more of the following conditions or criteria are met; otherwise the SRP condition is not met:
  • At least one measurement gap in the determined measurement gap pattern occurs for enabling the UE to receive a first signal (S1) within a first occasion (TO1) in a second cell (cell2); and the at least one measurement gap in the determined MGP occurs within a certain time duration (AT) before a second time occasion (TO2) where the UE may receive a second signal (S2) in cell2.
  • the determined MGP is such that when configured by the UE, it enables the UE to receive a signal S1 in cell2 within AT before the reception of signal S2 in cell2.
  • At least one measurement gap (MG1) of MGP1 in which the UE can receive signal S1 in cell2, is within AT before at least one measurement gap (MG2) in a second measurement gap pattern (MGP2) in which the UE can receive signal S2 in cell2.
  • MG1 starts within AT time duration before the start of MG2.
  • MG1 ends within AT time duration before the end of MG2 in time.
  • At least one parameter related to or defining the determined MGP is associated with or related to at least one parameter related to or defining a DRX cycle configured in a cell (e.g., in cell2) based on one or more rules.
  • parameters defining MGP are MGRP, MGL, MGO, MGTA, etc.
  • parameters defining DRX cycle are DRX cycle length or periodicity (Tdrx), DRX on duration, DRX off duration, etc. Examples of Tdr are 0.32s, 0.64s, 1.28s and 2.56s, etc.
  • the SRP condition is met because the determined MGP enables the UE to receive at least one signal (e.g., RS such as SSB) in the cell (e.g., cell2) every J th DRX cycle; where J may further depend on the DRX cycle length.
  • J may further depend on the DRX cycle length.
  • J 1.
  • the reception of the signal e.g., SSB
  • the reception of the signal allows the UE to perform the measurement in the cell (e.g., cell2) at least once every J th DRX cycle. This further enables the UE to evaluate whether the UE meets the cell selection criterion (e.g., S criteria).
  • the MGRP of the determined MGP is related to the Tdrx based on a function or combination of two or more functions. Examples of functions are product, minimum, maximum, sum, x th percentile, etc.
  • MGRP F(K1 , Tdrx); where K1 is a scaling factor, which can be larger than 0.
  • K1 is a scaling factor, which can be larger than 0.
  • MGRP K*Tdrx.
  • K1 1.
  • K1 2.
  • K1 1/2.
  • K1 3.
  • the MGL of the determined MGP is related to the DRX ON (TON) duration based on a function or combination of 2 or more functions.
  • MGL F(K2, TON); where K2 is a scaling factor, which can be larger than 0. d.
  • K2 K2*TON.
  • K2 1.
  • K2 2.
  • K2 1/2.
  • any one or more of the above rules (a-d) are applicable for determining the MGP based on the configured DRX cycle in a cell, provided that the UE is operating or configured with a particular or specific RRC state in that cell.
  • the particular or specific RRC state is a low activity RRC state.
  • the particular or specific RRC state is a high activity RRC state.
  • any one or more of the above rules (a-d) are applicable for determining the MGP based on the configured DRX cycle in a cell, provided that the determined MGP is used for receiving one or more signals in that cell.
  • any one or more of the above rules (a-d) are applicable for determining the MGP based on the configured DRX cycle in a cell, provided that the determined MGP is used for performing one or more specific procedures in that cell. Examples of specific procedures are serving cell evaluation, measurements on one or more neighbor cells, radio preparatory procedures, etc.
  • the UE is configured to operate in a multi-USIM scenario where: celll and NN1 are comprised in a first network (NW1); and cell2 and NN2 are comprised in a second network (NW2).
  • NW1 first network
  • NW2 second network
  • the measurement gap of the determined MGP1 enables the UE to receive S1 , which in turn is used by the UE for performing one or more radio preparatory procedures (e.g., AGC settling, time/frequency tracking, etc.) to enable the reception of S2 (as described later).
  • NN1 may determine one or more parameters associated with MGP1 based on one or more of the following principles:
  • nodes are the UE, another network node e.g., from NN2), etc.
  • the other node may inform NN1 about the occurrence of S1 during TO1 and S2 during TO2, e.g., timing information related to S1 , S2, TO1 , TO2, etc.
  • the timing of TO1 ⁇ e.g., when TO1 starts or ends in time) or timing of TO2 may be indicated with respect to one or more reference timing parameters.
  • reference timing related parameters are SFN of a serving cell ⁇ e.g., cell"!), subframe number of a serving cell ⁇ e.g., cell”!), slot number of a serving cell ⁇ e.g., cell”!), etc.
  • NN1 If NN1 is able to determine MGP1 , which meets at least one SRP condition, then NN1 configures the UE with MGP1. If MGP1 does not meet at least one SRP condition, then in one example, NN1 may not configure any MGP. NN1 may further inform the requested node ⁇ e.g., UE) that it does not configure any MGP due to lack of meeting the SRP condition.
  • Each one of TO1 and TO2 containing S1 and S2, respectively, may comprise one or more time resources.
  • TO1 may contain one or multiple instances of S1.
  • TO1 may also contain one or multiple instances of S2.
  • the UE is configured with at least MGP1 provided that at least one SRP is met.
  • the UE may further be configured with a second measurement gap pattern (MGP2) for enabling the UE to receive S2, e.g., TO2 occurs within a measurement gap of MGP2.
  • MGP2 second measurement gap pattern
  • the UE may be configured to receive S1 and S2 using the same MGRP but with the different P1 number of MGODs, e.g., two or more gaps within a MGRP.
  • the MGODs within the MGRP are separated by one or more time resources ⁇ e.g., z1 time resource) or time units e.g., z2 ms).
  • the UE may be configured to receive S2 also using MGP1.
  • TO1 and TO2 may occur in different measurement gaps of MGP1.
  • TO1 and TO2 may occur in the same measurement gap of MGP1.
  • AT (T2 - T1); T1 and T2 are described below:
  • T1 is the time instance when TO1 starts or when TO1 ends. o In another example, T1 is the time instance when a measurement gap (MG1) of MGP1 containing TO1 starts, or when the measurement gap (MG1) of MGP1 containing TO1 ends. o In another example, T1 is the time instance when the UE can receive signal S1 in cell2.
  • T2 is the time instance where TO2 starts or when TO2 ends.
  • T2 is the time instance when a measurement gap (MG2) of MGP2 containing TO2 starts, or when the measurement gap (MG2) of MGP2 containing TO2 ends.
  • MG2 measurement gap
  • T2 is the time instance when one of the measurement gaps of MGP1 containing TO2 starts, or when the one of the measurement gaps of MGP1 containing TO2 ends.
  • T2 is the time instance when the UE can receive signal S2 in cell2.
  • An example of S1 comprises one or more reference signals (RS).
  • RS are signals in SSB, CSI-RS, DMRS, PRS, PSS, SSS, CRS ⁇ e.g., in LTE), etc.
  • TO1 carrying S1 are SSB block, CSI-RS time resources, SMTC occasion, PRS resource, PRS resource set, subframe, half-frame, etc.
  • Examples of S2 are signals containing or carrying paging, system information (SI), etc.
  • Examples of signals carrying paging signals are PDCCH, PDSCH, etc.
  • Examples of SI are MIB, SIB1, SIBs other than SIB1 , on demand SIBs, etc.
  • An example a signal carrying MIB is a physical broadcast channel e.g., PBCH.
  • An example of a signal carrying SIB1, or other SIBs, is a physical data channel e.g., PDSCH.
  • TO2 carrying S2 are paging occasion (PO), SI window length in time, CSI-RS time resources, SMTC occasion, PRS resource, PRS resource set, etc.
  • the parameter AT can be determined based on one or more rules, which may be determined by NN1 based on one or more of the following mechanisms:
  • AT is a fixed value, e.g., X1 time resources, X2 ms etc.
  • X1 time resources
  • Specific examples of X2 are: 20 ms, 160 ms, etc.
  • AT may depend on the type of reference signals e.g., whether S1 is SSB, CRS, CSI-RS, etc.
  • AT may depend on the type of RAT of cell2, e.g., whether cell2 operates using NR, LTE, etc.
  • AT may depend on the configuration of the signal S1.
  • configurations of S1 are periodicity of S1 e.g., SSB periodicity, SMTC periodicity, etc.), S1 duration ⁇ e.g., SMTC duration, PRS resource occasion, TO1), etc.
  • AT may depend on the configuration of the signal S2.
  • configurations of S2 are periodicity of S2 ⁇ e.g., paging cycle, SIB1 periodicity, SI periodicity, etc.), S2 duration ⁇ e.g., duration of the paging occasion (PO), TO2), etc.
  • AT may depend on the parameters related to the configured DRX cycle in cell2.
  • DT may depend on the length of DRX cycle and/or DRX ON duration, etc.
  • radio preparatory procedures are transceiver configurations, adjustment, or tuning related procedures.
  • transceiver are receiver, transmitter, etc.
  • the radio preparatory procedures may also be referred to as adjustment procedures, preparatory procedures, or in-advance procedures.
  • adjustment procedures include automatic gain control (AGC) setting or AGC settling, time tracking or synchronization, frequency tracking or synchronization, etc.
  • AGC automatic gain control
  • One or more of radio procedures are performed by the UE regularly or before a signal reception (e.g., to adapt the AGC of the UE’s receiver) because the receive signal level at the UE may change over time, e.g., due to varying radio conditions, UE mobility, varying interference, etc.
  • the time-frequency parameters of the UE receiver need to be synchronized with the serving cell ⁇ e.g., cell2) due to drift in the UE clock and/or frequency synthesizer.
  • the radio preparatory procedures in the UE require the UE to receive or acquire another signal, a first signal (S1), before the reception of S2.
  • S1 a first signal
  • the radio preparatory procedures performed too early before the reception of S2 may be invalid or may lead to degraded performance e.g., throughout loss, increase in UE battery power, etc.). Therefore, the UE may acquire or receive and use S1 for one or more radio preparatory procedures within certain time before the reception of S2.
  • S1 is typically a reference signal (RS), e.g., a known signal.
  • RS reference signal
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the UE is configured with paging occasions in cell2, e.g., once every DRX cycle e.g., 320 ms.
  • the UE is further configured to perform measurements on cell2, intra-frequency neighbor cells, and cells of interfrequency carrier.
  • the UE is configured to measure on cell2 on SSB signals.
  • the UE can further use the SSB in cell2 for its receiver’s AGC tuning or setting, which can be used for receiving the paging during the configured paging occasions.
  • the SSB acquisition in cell2 is carried out using measurement gaps. Therefore, as shown in Figure 5, NN1 configures the UE with the MGP which provides or guarantees at least one measurement gap is available at the UE to receive SSB in cell2 within AT before each paging occasion in cell2.
  • the UE obtains a first Measurement Gap Pattern (MGP1), which meets at least one Signal Reception Proximity (SRP) condition; and the UE uses the obtained MGP1 for performing one or more radio operational tasks or procedures.
  • MGP1 Measurement Gap Pattern
  • SRP Signal Reception Proximity
  • the UE is configured to operate in a multi-USIM scenario, where celH and NN1 are comprised in NW1; and cell2 and NN2 are comprised in NW2.
  • the measurement gap of MGP1 enables the UE to receive a first signal S1 , which in turn is used by the UE for performing one or more radio preparatory procedures as described above, e.g., AGC settling, time/frequency tracking, etc, to enable the reception of a second signal S2.
  • the UE may use also MGP1 for receiving S2 signals.
  • the UE may use one MGP1 with two MGODs and single MGRP for receiving S1 and S2 signals.
  • the UE may use a second Measurement Gap Pattern (MGP2) for receiving the second signal S2. In the latter case, the UE may further obtain a second Measurement Gap Pattern (MGP2) for receiving the second signal S2.
  • MGP2 may be periodic or aperiodic.
  • the UE may obtain MGP1 and MGP2 in one or more of the following mechanisms:
  • the UE may be provisioned with MGP1 and/or MGP2, or the rule(s) to setup or configure MGP1 and/or MGP2, at manufacture, (U)SIM configuration, device operating system upgrade (e.g., via Over The Air (OTA) upgrade), etc.
  • MGP1 and/or MGP2 or the rule(s) to setup or configure MGP1 and/or MGP2, at manufacture, (U)SIM configuration, device operating system upgrade (e.g., via Over The Air (OTA) upgrade), etc.
  • OTA Over The Air
  • the configuration message may contain one or more parameters enabling the UE to setup or configure MGP1 and/or MGP2 e.g., MG ID, MGRP, MGL, MGTO, etc.
  • the UE may receive MGP1 and/or MGP2 from a network node in response to the UE sending a request to the network node, e.g., NN1.
  • the UE may receive MGP1 and/or MGP2 from a network node without the UE sending a request to the network node, e.g., NN1.
  • the UE may receive MGP1 and/or MGP2 from a network node in response to the UE sending a request to another network node, e.g., NN2.
  • the UE may further use the received signals for one or more operations e.g., performing one or more radio preparatory procedures, performing measurements etc.
  • a rule can be defined that the UE receives S1 and/or S2 in the cell provided that the configured MGP meets at least one SRP condition; otherwise, the UE does not receive S1 and/or S2 in cell2.
  • the UE receives paging signals in cell2 provided that the MGP meets at least one SRP condition in cell2; otherwise, the UE does not receive or is not expected to receive or may not receive paging in cell2.
  • the UE receives SI (e.g., SIB1 , etc.) in cell2 provided that the MGP meets at least one SRP condition in cell2; otherwise, the UE does not receive or is not expected to receive or may not receive SI in cell2.
  • SI e.g., SIB1 , etc.
  • the UE uses the obtained one or more MGPs for performing one or more measurements in one or more neighbor cells, e.g., measurements on one more cells of intra-frequency carrier, inter-frequency carrier, inter-RAT carrier, etc.
  • a rule can be defined that the UE performs one or more measurements provided that the configured MGP meets at least one SRP condition; otherwise, the UE does not perform or is not expected to perform or may not perform the one or more measurements using the MGP.
  • the UE meets one or more measurement requirements associated with the measurements performing using the MGP provided that the configured MGP meets at least one SRP condition; otherwise, the UE does not meet or is not expected to meet or may not meet one or more measurement requirements associated with the measurements performing using the MGP.
  • measurement requirements for a measurement are cell search time for a cell, measurement period, evaluation period, cell detection period, cell reselection time, etc.
  • Method in a UE of Requesting NN2 to adapt SRP condition based on configured MGP [0103]
  • the UE obtains a first measurement gap pattern (MGP1), which does NOT meet a Signal Reception Proximity (SRP) condition; and uses the obtained MGP1 for performing one or more radio operational tasks or procedures.
  • MGP1 first measurement gap pattern
  • SRP Signal Reception Proximity
  • SRP Signal Reception Proximity
  • Examples of the one or more radio operational tasks or procedures performed by the UE after obtaining the at least one MGP which does NOT meet the SRP condition ⁇ e.g., MGP1 and MGP2) are:
  • Adapting the parameters may comprise one or more of: modifying or changing parameters of the existing signals S1 and/or S2, reconfiguring S1 and/or S2 with one or more new parameters, etc.
  • configuration parameters of S1 which can be adapted include RS periodicity (e.g., SSB periodicity, SMTC periodicity, etc.), RS duration (e.g., SMTC duration), etc.
  • Examples of configuration parameters of S2 which can be adapted include paging cycle, location of paging occasion in time and/or frequency, SI scheduling (e.g., periodicity of one or more SIBs, RS (e.g., SS/PBCH block (SSB)), and control channel resource (e.g., CORESET) multiplexing pattern (e.g., SSB and CORESET multiplexing pattern), location of time and/or frequency resource carrying SI, etc.
  • SI scheduling e.g., periodicity of one or more SIBs, RS (e.g., SS/PBCH block (SSB)
  • control channel resource e.g., CORESET
  • the adapted S1 and S2 are denoted as ST and S2’ respectively.
  • the received information may further comprise information about a reference time (Tr) of a reference cell (e.g., cell2) denoting when in time cell2 starts transmitting the adapted signals.
  • Tr include SFN # Z1 and/or subframe number # Z2 and/or slot number # Z3, etc.
  • the UE may further use the received signals for one or more operations, e.g., performing one or more radio preparatory procedures, performing measurements, etc.
  • NN2 obtains information about at least a first Measurement Gap Pattern (MGP1) configured in the UE which does not meet at least one Signal Reception Proximity (SRP) condition; adapts one or more parameters of at least one of a first signal (S1) and a second signal (S2) for transmission in cell2 to meet at least the one SRP condition for the obtained MGP1 ; and configures the UE with the information about the adapted one or more parameters of S1 and/or S2.
  • NN2 may further obtain information about at least one MGP, obtained by the UE for receiving signals in cell2, that does NOT meet the SRP condition.
  • NN2 may obtain information about at least one MGP using one or more of the following mechanisms:
  • the UE may inform NN2 that the obtained MGP does not meet the SRP condition.
  • the UE may further transmit to NN2, information about the SRP condition which has not been met for the obtained MGP.
  • NN1 may inform NN2 that the UE is configured with an MGP which does NOT meet the SRP condition.
  • NN1 may further provide information to NN2 about the one or more SRP conditions, which have not been met for the configured MGP.
  • NN1 may further provide information to NN2 about the reason for configuring the UE with the MGP which does not meet the one or more SRP conditions.
  • the reason may be due one or more of, e.g., scheduling scheme used in celU for serving the UE, avoid interruption of certain signals in celU (e.g., RS such as SSB, PRS, etc.).
  • SRP signal reception proximity
  • Examples of configuration parameters of S1 which can be adapted include RS periodicity (e.g., SSB periodicity, SMTC periodicity, etc.), RS duration (e.g., SMTC duration), etc.
  • Examples of configuration parameters of S2 which can be adapted include paging cycle, location of paging occasion in time and/or frequency, SI scheduling (e.g., periodicity of one or more SIBs, location of time and/or frequency resource carrying SI, etc.), etc.
  • the adapted S1 and S2 are denoted as ST and S2’, respectively.
  • Examples of adapting one or more configuration parameters of at least one of S1 and S2 in cell2 by NN2 for enabling the UE to meet the SRP condition for at least one of the obtained MGP are:
  • SSB and CORESET can be in Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) with respect to each other (referred to as TDM pattern) or in Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) with respect to each other (referred to as FDM pattern).
  • TDM Time Division Multiplexing
  • FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • Adapting may comprise modifying the FDM pattern (pattern 2) to TDM pattern (pattern 1) to meet the SRP condition.
  • NN2 may deconfigure existing SSB as S1 and reconfigure CSI-RS as S1 in cell2.
  • NN2 may further transmit S1 or adapted S1 ⁇ e.g., ST), and S2 or adapted S2 ⁇ e.g., S2’) in cell2 starting from a reference time (Tr) of a reference cell e.g., cell2).
  • Tr a reference time of a reference cell e.g., cell2.
  • Tr are SFN # Z1 and/or subframe number # Z2 and/or slot number # Z3, etc.
  • NN2 may further transmit or signal information about the adapted signals e.g., ST and/or S2’) to the UE, e.g., via DCI, MAC-CE or RRC signaling.
  • the information may further comprise information about Tr of the reference cell e.g., cell2) from when in time cell2 starts transmitting the adapted signals.
  • FIG. 7 depicts steps in a method 100, performed by a Multi-USIM User Equipment (UE) operative in a first cell of a wireless communication network, for enabling the UE to communicate in a second cell, in accordance with particular embodiments.
  • a Measurement Gap Pattern (MGP) for the first cell is obtained (block 102).
  • the MGP is evaluated against Signal Reception Proximity (SRP) conditions (block 104).
  • SRP Signal Reception Proximity
  • the MGP is used to perform one or more radio operational tasks or procedures (block 106).
  • the SRP conditions ensure that the MGP provides at least one measurement gap at least a time period, AT, before the reception by the UE of at least one signal in the second cell.
  • FIG. 8 depicts steps in a method 200, performed by a first network node operative in a wireless communication network and serving a Multi-USIM User Equipment (UE) in a first cell, wherein the UE is also served in a second cell, for enabling the UE to communicate in the second cell, in accordance with other particular embodiments.
  • a Measurement Gap Pattern (MGP) for the first cell is determined, such that the MGP meets at least one Signal Reception Proximity (SRP) condition (block 202).
  • SRP Signal Reception Proximity
  • the UE is configured with the MGP (block 204).
  • the SRP condition ensures that the MGP provides at least one measurement gap at least a time period, AT, before the reception by the UE of at least one signal in the second cell.
  • Figure 9 depicts steps in a method 300, performed by a second network node operative in a wireless communication network and serving a Multi-USIM User Equipment (UE) in a second cell, wherein the UE is also served in a first cell and includes a Measurement Gap Pattern, MGP, for the first cell to enable the UE to communicate in the second cell, in accordance with other particular embodiments.
  • Information about the MGP which does not meet at least one Signal Reception Proximity (SRP) condition, is obtained (block 302).
  • SRP Signal Reception Proximity
  • One or more parameters of at least one of a first signal and a second signal for transmission to the UE in the second cell are adapted to meet at least the one SRP condition for the obtained MGP (block 304).
  • the UE I configured with the information about the adapted one or more parameters of the first and/or second signal (block 306).
  • FIG. 10 depicts steps in a method 400, performed by a Multi-USIM User Equipment (UE) operative in a first cell of a wireless communication network, for enabling the UE to communicate in a second cell, in accordance with particular embodiments.
  • a first Measurement Gap Pattern (MGP1) for the first cell is obtained (block 402), where MGP1 comprises a first Measurement Gap, MG1 , for receiving a first signal (S1) in the second cell.
  • MGP2 comprises a second Measurement Gap, MG2 for receiving a second signal (S2) in the second cell.
  • the method 400 further comprises receiving the first signal (S1) in MG1 and the second signal (S2) in MG2 (block 406).
  • method 400 further comprises omitting receiving the first signal (S1) in MG1 and/or the second signal (S2) in MG2 (block 408).
  • the first signal (S1) comprises one or more reference signals, RS, and/or a Synchronization Signal Block, SSB.
  • the second signal (S2) carries paging and/or system information, SI.
  • omitting receiving the first signal (S1) in MG1 and/or the second signal (S2) in MG2 comprises omitting receiving the paging and/or SI in MG2.
  • MG1 is within a time period (AT) before MG2 when MG1 starts within the time period (AT) before the start of MG2, and/or MG1 ends within the time period (AT) before the end of MG2 in time.
  • the first cell (celU) is operated by a first network node (NN1), and the first cell (celU) and the first network node (NN1) are comprised in a first network (NW1).
  • the second cell (cell2) is operated by a second network node (NN2), and the second cell (cell2) and the second network node (NN2) are comprised in a second network (NW2).
  • obtaining MGP1 comprises receiving a first configuration message from a network node.
  • obtaining MGP2 comprises receiving the first configuration message from the network node.
  • obtaining MGP2 comprises receiving a second configuration message from a network node.
  • the first and the second configuration messages are from a same network node.
  • Some embodiments of the method 400 further comprises, when MG1 is not within a time period (AT) before MG2, informing a network node (40, 60) that MGP1 and MGP2 does not meet a Signal Reception Proximity, SRP, condition.
  • AT time period
  • SRP Signal Reception Proximity
  • FIG 11 depicts steps in a method 500, performed by network node operative in a wireless communication network and serving a Multi-USIM User Equipment (UE) in a first cell, wherein the UE is also served in a second cell, for enabling the UE to communicate in the second cell, in accordance with other particular embodiments.
  • the method 500 comprises configuring the UE with a first Measurement Gap Pattern, MGP1 , for the first cell (celU) (block 502), wherein MGP1 comprises a first Measurement Gap, MG1, for the UE to receive a first signal (S1) in the second cell (cell2).
  • the method further comprises configuring the UE (10, 20) with a second Measurement Gap Pattern, MGP2, for the second cell (cell2) (block 504), wherein MGP2 comprises a second Measurement Gap, MG2, for the UE to receive a second signal (S2) in the second cell (cell2).
  • MGP2 comprises a second Measurement Gap, MG2, for the UE to receive a second signal (S2) in the second cell (cell2).
  • the first signal (S1) comprises one or more reference signals, RS, and/or a Synchronization Signal Block, SSB.
  • the second signal (S2) carries paging and/or system information, SI.
  • the first cell (celll) and the network node (NN1) are comprised in a first network (NW1).
  • the second cell (cell2) is operated by a second network node (NN2), and the second cell (cell2) and the second network node (NN2) are comprised in a second network (NW2).
  • NW2 second network
  • configuring the UE with MGP1 comprises transmitting a first configuration message to the UE.
  • configuring the UE with MGP2 comprises transmitting the first configuration message to the UE.
  • configuring the UE with MGP2 comprises transmitting a second configuration message to the UE.
  • Apparatuses described herein may perform the methods 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 herein and any other processing by implementing any functional means, modules, units, or circuitry.
  • the apparatuses comprise respective circuits or circuitry configured to perform the steps shown in the method figures.
  • the circuits or circuitry in this regard may comprise circuits dedicated to performing certain functional processing and/or one or more microprocessors in conjunction with memory.
  • the circuitry may include one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs), special-purpose digital logic, and the like.
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • the processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or several types of memory such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory, cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc.
  • Program code stored in memory may include program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or data communications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one or more of the techniques described herein, in several embodiments.
  • the memory stores program code that, when executed by the one or more processors, carries out the techniques described herein.
  • FIG. 12 for example illustrates a hardware block diagram of a Multi-USIM UE 10 as implemented in accordance with one or more embodiments.
  • the Multi-USIM UE 10 includes processing circuitry 12, communication circuitry 16 and at least two (U)SIMs.
  • the communication circuitry 16 e.g., radio circuitry
  • the processing circuitry 12 is configured to perform processing described above, such as by executing instructions stored in memory 14.
  • the processing circuitry 12 in this regard may implement certain functional means, units, or modules.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a functional block diagram of a Multi-USIM UE 20 in a wireless network according to still other embodiments.
  • the Multi-USIM UE 20 implements various functional means, units, or modules, e.g., via the processing circuitry 12 in Figure 12 and/or via software code.
  • These functional means, units, or modules, e.g., for implementing method 100 or 400 herein, include for instance a MGP obtaining unit 22, a MGP evaluating unit 24, and a task or procedure performing unit 26.
  • the MGP obtaining unit 22 is configured to send a registration or service request to the network 1 , the request including service type identification.
  • the S-NSSAI rejection receiving unit 24 is configured to obtain a Measurement Gap Pattern (MGP) for the first cell.
  • the MGP evaluating unit 24 is configured to evaluate the MGP against Signal Reception Proximity (SRP) conditions.
  • the task or procedure performing unit 26 is configured to use the MGP to perform one or more radio operational tasks or procedures.
  • the SRP conditions ensure that the MGP provides at least one measurement gap at least a time period, AT, before the reception by the UE of at least one signal in the second cell.
  • FIG 14 illustrates a hardware block diagram of a network node 40 as implemented in accordance with one or more embodiments.
  • the network node 40 implements base station functionality, e.g., a gNB in NR, may comprise the first network node NN1 serving the Multi-USIM UE 10 in the first cell (celU), or the second network node NN2 serving the Multi- USIM UE 10 in the second cell (cell2), as described herein.
  • the network node 40 includes processing circuitry 42 and communication circuitry 46.
  • the communication circuitry 46 is configured to transmit and/or receive information to and/or from one or more Multi-USIM UEs 10 and/or other network nodes, e.g., via any communication technology.
  • the communication circuitry 46 communicates with the Multi-USIM UEs 10 wirelessly via one or more antennas 48. As indicated by the broken line, the antennas 48 may be located remotely from the network node 40, such as on a tower or building.
  • the processing circuitry 42 is configured to perform processing described above, such as by executing instructions stored in memory 44.
  • the processing circuitry 42 in this regard may implement certain functional means, units, or modules.
  • Figure 15 illustrates a functional block diagram of a first network node 50 in a wireless network according to still other embodiments.
  • the first network node 50 implements various functional means, units, or modules, e.g., via the processing circuitry 42 in Figure 14 and/or via software code.
  • These functional means, units, or modules, e.g., for implementing the method 200 or 500 herein, include for instance: a MGP determining unit 52, and a UE configuring unit 54.
  • the MGP determining unit 52 is configured to determine a Measurement Gap Pattern (MGP) for the first cell, such that the MGP meets at least one Signal Reception Proximity (SRP) condition.
  • the S- UE configuring unit 54 is configured to configure the UE with the MGP.
  • the SRP condition ensures that the MGP provides at least one measurement gap at least a time period, AT, before the reception by the UE of at least one signal in the second cell.
  • Figure 16 illustrates a functional block diagram of a second network node 60 in a wireless network according to still other embodiments. As shown, the second network node 60 implements various functional means, units, or modules, e.g., via the processing circuitry 42 in Figure 14 and/or via software code. These functional means, units, or modules, e.g., for implementing the method 300 herein, include for instance: a MGP information obtaining unit 62, a parameter adapting unit 64, and a UE configuring unit 66.
  • the MGP information obtaining unit 62 is configured to obtain information about the MGP, which does not meet at least one Signal Reception Proximity (SRP) condition.
  • the parameter adapting unit 64 is configured to adapt one or more parameters of at least one of a first signal and a second signal for transmission to the UE in the second cell, to meet at least the one SRP condition for the obtained MGP.
  • the UE configuring unit 66 is configured to configure the UE with the MGP.
  • a computer program comprises instructions which, when executed on at least one processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to carry out any of the respective processing described above.
  • a computer program in this regard may comprise one or more code modules corresponding to the means or units described above.
  • Embodiments further include a carrier containing such a computer program.
  • This carrier may comprise one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium.
  • embodiments herein also include a computer program product stored on a non-transitory computer readable (storage or recording) medium and comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform as described above.
  • Embodiments further include a computer program product comprising program code portions for performing the steps of any of the embodiments herein when the computer program product is executed by a computing device.
  • This computer program product may be stored on a computer readable recording medium.
  • Figure 17 shows an example of a communication system QQ100 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the communication system QQ100 includes a telecommunication network QQ102 that includes an access network QQ104, such as a radio access network (RAN), and a core network QQ106, which includes one or more core network nodes QQ108.
  • the access network QQ104 includes one or more access network nodes, such as network nodes QQ110a and QQ110b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes QQ110), or any other similar 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access node or non-3GPP access point.
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • the network nodes QQ110 facilitate direct or indirect connection of user equipment (UE), such as by connecting UEs QQ112a, QQ112b, QQ112c, and QQ112d (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs QQ112) to the core network QQ106 over one or more wireless connections.
  • UE user equipment
  • Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and/or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and/or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors.
  • the communication system QQ100 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and/or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and/or signals whether via wired or wireless connections.
  • the communication system QQ100 may include and/or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and/or other similar type of system.
  • the UEs QQ112 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and/or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes QQ110 and other communication devices.
  • the network nodes QQ110 are arranged, capable, configured, and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with the UEs QQ112 and/or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunication network QQ102 to enable and/or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and/or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunication network QQ102.
  • the core network QQ106 connects the network nodes QQ110 to one or more hosts, such as host QQ116.
  • the core network QQ106 includes one more core network nodes (e.g., core network node QQ108) that are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, network nodes, and/or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node QQ108.
  • Example core network nodes include functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Mobility Management Entity (MME), Home Subscriber Server (HSS), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Authentication Server Function (AUSF), Subscription Identifier De-concealing function (SIDF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP), Network Exposure Function (NEF), and/or a User Plane Function (UPF).
  • MSC Mobile Switching Center
  • MME Mobility Management Entity
  • HSS Home Subscriber Server
  • AMF Session Management Function
  • AUSF Authentication Server Function
  • SIDF Subscription Identifier De-concealing function
  • UDM Unified Data Management
  • SEPP Security Edge Protection Proxy
  • NEF Network Exposure Function
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • the host QQ116 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more service. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio/video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.
  • applications include live and pre-recorded audio/video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.
  • the communication system QQ100 of Figure 17 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts.
  • the communication system may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Long Term Evolution (LTE), and/or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G); wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (WiFi); and/or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, LiFi, and/or any low- power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • the telecommunication network QQ102 is a cellular network that implements 3GPP standardized features. Accordingly, the telecommunications network QQ102 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunication network QQ102. For example, the telecommunications network QQ102 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and/or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC)/Massive loT services to yet further UEs.
  • URLLC Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication
  • eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband
  • mMTC Massive Machine Type Communication
  • the UEs QQ112 are configured to transmit and/or receive information without direct human interaction.
  • a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network QQ104 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network QQ104.
  • a UE may be configured for operating in single- or multi-RAT or multi-standard mode.
  • a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e. being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC), such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio - Dual Connectivity (EN-DC).
  • MR-DC multi-radio dual connectivity
  • the hub QQ114 communicates with the access network QQ104 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE QQ112c and/or QQ112d) and network nodes (e.g., network node QQ110b).
  • the hub QQ114 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs.
  • the hub QQ114 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network QQ106 for the UEs.
  • the hub QQ114 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs.
  • Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes QQ110, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub QQ114.
  • the hub QQ114 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data.
  • the hub QQ114 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR headset, display, loudspeaker or other media delivery device, the hub QQ114 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub QQ114 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and/or after adding additional local content.
  • the hub QQ114 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular in if one or more of the UEs are low energy loT devices.
  • the hub QQ114 may have a constant/persistent or intermittent connection to the network node QQ110b.
  • the hub QQ114 may also allow for a different communication scheme and/or schedule between the hub QQ114 and UEs (e.g., UE QQ112c and/or QQ112d), and between the hub QQ114 and the core network QQ106.
  • the hub QQ114 is connected to the core network QQ106 and/or one or more UEs via a wired connection.
  • the hub QQ114 may be configured to connect to an M2M service provider over the access network QQ104 and/or to another UE over a direct connection.
  • UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes QQ110 while still connected via the hub QQ114 via a wired or wireless connection.
  • the hub QQ114 may be a dedicated hub - that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to/from the UEs from/to the network node QQ110b.
  • the hub QQ114 may be a nondedicated hub - that is, a device which is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and network node QQ110b, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and/or end point for certain data channels.
  • FIG. 18 shows a UE QQ200 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • a UE refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and/or other UEs.
  • Examples of a UE include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage device, playback appliance, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE), laptop-mounted equipment (LME), smart device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE), vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded/integrated wireless device, etc.
  • VoIP voice over IP
  • LME laptop-embedded equipment
  • LME laptop-mounted equipment
  • CPE wireless customer-premise equipment
  • a UE may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), or vehicle-to- everything (V2X).
  • a UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and/or operates the relevant device.
  • a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller).
  • a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter).
  • the UE QQ200 includes processing circuitry QQ202 that is operatively coupled via a bus QQ204 to an input/output interface QQ206, a power source QQ208, a memory QQ210, a communication interface QQ212, and/or any other component, or any combination thereof.
  • Certain UEs may utilize all or a subset of the components shown in Figure 18. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.
  • the processing circuitry QQ202 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory QQ210.
  • the processing circuitry QQ202 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc.); programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP), together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above.
  • the processing circuitry QQ202 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs).
  • the input/output interface QQ206 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and/or output devices.
  • Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof.
  • An input device may allow a user to capture information into the UE QQ200.
  • Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc.), a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like.
  • the presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user.
  • a sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device.
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • the power source QQ208 is structured as a battery or battery pack.
  • Other types of power sources such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet), photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used.
  • the power source QQ208 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source QQ208 itself, and/or an external power source, to the various parts of the UE QQ200 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Delivering power may be, for example, for charging of the power source QQ208.
  • Power circuitry may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from the power source QQ208 to make the power suitable for the respective components of the UE QQ200 to which power is supplied.
  • the memory QQ210 may be or be configured to include memory such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable readonly memory (EEPROM), magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth.
  • the memory QQ210 includes one or more application programs QQ214, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data QQ216.
  • the memory QQ210 may store, for use by the UE QQ200, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
  • the memory QQ210 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID), flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs), such as a USIM and/or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof.
  • RAID redundant array of independent disks
  • HD-DVD high-density digital versatile disc
  • HDDS holographic digital data storage
  • DIMM external mini-dual in-line memory module
  • SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access
  • the UICC may for example be an embedded UICC (eUlCC), integrated UICC (iUICC) or a removable UICC commonly known as ‘SIM card.’
  • the memory QQ210 may allow the UE QQ200 to access instructions, application programs and the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data.
  • An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied as or in the memory QQ210, which may be or comprise a device-readable storage medium.
  • the processing circuitry QQ202 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network using the communication interface QQ212.
  • the communication interface QQ212 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna QQ222.
  • the communication interface QQ212 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another UE or a network node in an access network).
  • Each transceiver may include a transmitter QQ218 and/or a receiver QQ220 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth).
  • the transmitter QQ218 and receiver QQ220 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna QQ222) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.
  • communication functions of the communication interface QQ212 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short- range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • Communications may be implemented in according to one or more communication protocols and/or standards, such as IEEE 802.11 , Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR), UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP), synchronous optical networking (SONET), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), QUIC, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), and so forth.
  • CDMA Code Division Multiplexing Access
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • NR New Radio
  • UMTS Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • WiMax Ethernet
  • TCP/IP transmission control protocol/internet protocol
  • SONET synchronous optical networking
  • ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
  • QUIC Hypertext Transfer Protocol
  • HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
  • a UE may provide an output of data captured by its sensors, through its communication interface QQ212, via a wireless connection to a network node.
  • Data captured by sensors of a UE can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another UE.
  • the output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature), random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors), in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent), in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request), or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient).
  • a UE comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection.
  • the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change.
  • the UE may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.
  • a UE when in the form of an Internet of Things (loT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, city wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare.
  • loT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door/window sensor, a flood/moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smartwatch, a fitness tracker, a head-mounted display for Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR), a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal-
  • AR Augmented Reality
  • VR
  • a UE may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and/or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and/or measurements to another UE and/or a network node.
  • the UE may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device.
  • the UE may implement the 3GPP NB-loT standard.
  • a UE may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and/or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
  • any number of UEs may be used together with respect to a single use case.
  • a first UE might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second UE that is a remote controller operating the drone.
  • the first UE may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g., by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed.
  • the first and/or the second UE can also include more than one of the functionalities described above.
  • a UE might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.
  • FIG 19 shows a network node QQ300 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and/or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunication network.
  • network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points), base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs)).
  • APs access points
  • BSs base stations
  • Node Bs Node Bs
  • eNBs evolved Node Bs
  • gNBs NR NodeBs
  • Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations.
  • a base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay.
  • a network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units and/or remote radio units (RRUs), sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs). Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio.
  • RRUs remote radio units
  • RRHs Remote Radio Heads
  • Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio.
  • Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS).
  • DAS distributed antenna system
  • network nodes include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs), base transceiver stations (BTSs), transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cel l/multicast coordination entities (MCEs), Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs)), and/or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs).
  • MSR multi-standard radio
  • RNCs radio network controllers
  • BSCs base station controllers
  • BTSs base transceiver stations
  • OFDM Operation and Maintenance
  • OSS Operations Support System
  • SON Self-Organizing Network
  • positioning nodes e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs)
  • the network node QQ300 includes a processing circuitry QQ302, a memory QQ304, a communication interface QQ306, and a power source QQ308.
  • the network node QQ300 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc.), which may each have their own respective components.
  • the network node QQ300 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components)
  • one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs.
  • each unique NodeB and RNC pair may in some instances be considered a single separate network node.
  • the network node QQ300 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs).
  • RATs radio access technologies
  • some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memory QQ304 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna QQ310 may be shared by different RATs).
  • the network node QQ300 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node QQ300, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node QQ300.
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identification
  • the processing circuitry QQ302 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and/or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node QQ300 components, such as the memory QQ304, to provide network node QQ300 functionality.
  • the processing circuitry QQ302 includes a system on a chip (SOC). In some embodiments, the processing circuitry QQ302 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry QQ312 and baseband processing circuitry QQ314. In some embodiments, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry QQ312 and the baseband processing circuitry QQ314 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips), boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry QQ312 and baseband processing circuitry QQ314 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.
  • SOC system on a chip
  • the processing circuitry QQ302 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry QQ312 and baseband processing circuitry QQ314.
  • the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry QQ312 and the baseband processing circuitry QQ314 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips
  • the memory QQ304 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer- readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and/or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry QQ302.
  • volatile or non-volatile computer- readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any
  • the memory QQ304 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and/or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry QQ302 and utilized by the network node QQ300.
  • the memory QQ304 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry QQ302 and/or any data received via the communication interface QQ306.
  • the processing circuitry QQ302 and memory QQ304 is integrated.
  • the communication interface QQ306 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and/or data between a network node, access network, and/or UE. As illustrated, the communication interface QQ306 comprises port(s)/terminal(s) QQ316 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection.
  • the communication interface QQ306 also includes radio front-end circuitry QQ318 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, the antenna QQ310. Radio front-end circuitry QQ318 comprises filters QQ320 and amplifiers QQ322. The radio front-end circuitry QQ318 may be connected to an antenna QQ310 and processing circuitry QQ302.
  • the radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna QQ310 and processing circuitry QQ302.
  • the radio front-end circuitry QQ318 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection.
  • the radio front-end circuitry QQ318 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters QQ320 and/or amplifiers QQ322.
  • the radio signal may then be transmitted via the antenna QQ310.
  • the antenna QQ310 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio frontend circuitry QQ318.
  • the digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry QQ302.
  • the communication interface may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components.
  • the network node QQ300 does not include separate radio front-end circuitry QQ318, instead, the processing circuitry QQ302 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna QQ310. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry QQ312 is part of the communication interface QQ306. In still other embodiments, the communication interface QQ306 includes one or more ports or terminals QQ316, the radio front-end circuitry QQ318, and the RF transceiver circuitry QQ312, as part of a radio unit (not shown), and the communication interface QQ306 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry QQ314, which is part of a digital unit (not shown).
  • the antenna QQ310 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals.
  • the antenna QQ310 may be coupled to the radio front-end circuitry QQ318 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and/or signals wirelessly.
  • the antenna QQ310 is separate from the network node QQ300 and connectable to the network node QQ300 through an interface or port.
  • the antenna QQ310, communication interface QQ306, and/or the processing circuitry QQ302 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and/or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and/or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and/or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna QQ310, the communication interface QQ306, and/or the processing circuitry QQ302 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and/or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and/or any other network equipment.
  • the power source QQ308 provides power to the various components of network node QQ300 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component).
  • the power source QQ308 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node QQ300 with power for performing the functionality described herein.
  • the network node QQ300 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source QQ308.
  • the power source QQ308 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry.
  • the battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.
  • Embodiments of the network node QQ300 may include additional components beyond those shown in Figure 19 for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and/or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein.
  • the network node QQ300 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node QQ300 and to allow output of information from the network node QQ300. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node QQ300.
  • FIG 20 is a block diagram of a host QQ400, which may be an embodiment of the host QQ116 of Figure 17, in accordance with various aspects described herein.
  • the host QQ400 may be or comprise various combinations hardware and/or software, including a standalone server, a blade server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server, a virtual machine, container, or processing resources in a server farm.
  • the host QQ400 may provide one or more services to one or more UEs.
  • the host QQ400 includes processing circuitry QQ402 that is operatively coupled via a bus QQ404 to an input/output interface QQ406, a network interface QQ408, a power source QQ410, and a memory QQ412.
  • processing circuitry QQ402 that is operatively coupled via a bus QQ404 to an input/output interface QQ406, a network interface QQ408, a power source QQ410, and a memory QQ412.
  • Other components may be included in other embodiments. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the devices of previous figures, such as Figures 18 and 19, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of host QQ400.
  • the memory QQ412 may include one or more computer programs including one or more host application programs QQ414 and data QQ416, which may include user data, e.g., data generated by a UE for the host QQ400 or data generated by the host QQ400 for a UE.
  • Embodiments of the host QQ400 may utilize only a subset or all of the components shown.
  • the host application programs QQ414 may be implemented in a container-based architecture and may provide support for video codecs (e.g., Versatile Video Coding (VVC), High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), Advanced Video Coding (AVC), MPEG, VP9) and audio codecs (e.g., FLAG, Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), MPEG, G.711), including transcoding for multiple different classes, types, or implementations of UEs (e.g., handsets, desktop computers, wearable display systems, heads-up display systems).
  • the host application programs QQ414 may also provide for user authentication and licensing checks and may periodically report health, routes, and content availability to a central node, such as a device in or on the edge of a core network.
  • FIG. 21 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment QQ500 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized.
  • virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources.
  • virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or components thereof, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components.
  • Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines (VMs) implemented in one or more virtual environments QQ500 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as a network node, UE, core network node, or host.
  • VMs virtual machines
  • QQ500 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as a network node, UE, core network node, or host.
  • the virtual node does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node or host)
  • the node may be entirely virtualized.
  • Applications QQ502 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.) are run in the virtualization environment Q400 to implement some of the features, functions, and/or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein.
  • Hardware QQ504 includes processing circuitry, memory that stores software and/or instructions executable by hardware processing circuitry, and/or other hardware devices as described herein, such as a network interface, input/output interface, and so forth.
  • Software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers QQ506 (also referred to as hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs)), provide VMs QQ508a and QQ508b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as VMs QQ508), and/or perform any of the functions, features and/or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein.
  • the virtualization layer QQ506 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to the VMs QQ508.
  • the VMs QQ508 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer QQ506. Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance QQ502 may be implemented on one or more of VMs QQ508, and the implementations may be made in different ways. Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV). NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.
  • NFV network function virtualization
  • a VM QQ508 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine.
  • Each of the VMs QQ508, and that part of hardware QQ504 that executes that VM be it hardware dedicated to that VM and/or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs, forms separate virtual network elements.
  • a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more VMs QQ508 on top of the hardware QQ504 and corresponds to the application QQ502.
  • Hardware QQ504 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware QQ504 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware QQ504 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g., such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration QQ510, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications QQ502. In some embodiments, hardware QQ504 is coupled to one or more radio units that each include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas.
  • hardware QQ504 is coupled to one or more radio units that each include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas.
  • Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station.
  • some signaling can be provided with the use of a control system QQ512 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.
  • Figure 22 shows a communication diagram of a host QQ602 communicating via a network node QQ604 with a UE QQ606 over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments.
  • host QQ602 Like host QQ400, embodiments of host QQ602 include hardware, such as a communication interface, processing circuitry, and memory.
  • the host QQ602 also includes software, which is stored in or accessible by the host QQ602 and executable by the processing circuitry.
  • the software includes a host application that may be operable to provide a service to a remote user, such as the UE QQ606 connecting via an over-the-top (OTT) connection QQ650 extending between the UE QQ606 and host QQ602.
  • OTT over-the-top
  • a host application may provide user data which is transmitted using the OTT connection QQ650.
  • the network node QQ604 includes hardware enabling it to communicate with the host QQ602 and UE QQ606.
  • the connection QQ660 may be direct or pass through a core network (like core network QQ106 of Figure 17) and/or one or more other intermediate networks, such as one or more public, private, or hosted networks.
  • an intermediate network may be a backbone network or the Internet.
  • the UE QQ606 includes hardware and software, which is stored in or accessible by UE QQ606 and executable by the UE’s processing circuitry.
  • the software includes a client application, such as a web browser or operator-specific “app” that may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE QQ606 with the support of the host QQ602.
  • a client application such as a web browser or operator-specific “app” that may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE QQ606 with the support of the host QQ602.
  • an executing host application may communicate with the executing client application via the OTT connection QQ650 terminating at the UE QQ606 and host QQ602.
  • the UE's client application may receive request data from the host's host application and provide user data in response to the request data.
  • the OTT connection QQ650 may transfer both the request data and the user data.
  • the UE's client application may interact with
  • the OTT connection QQ650 may extend via a connection QQ660 between the host QQ602 and the network node QQ604 and via a wireless connection QQ670 between the network node QQ604 and the UE QQ606 to provide the connection between the host QQ602 and the UE QQ606.
  • the connection QQ660 and wireless connection QQ670, over which the OTT connection QQ650 may be provided, have been drawn abstractly to illustrate the communication between the host QQ602 and the UE QQ606 via the network node QQ604, without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and the precise routing of messages via these devices.
  • the host QQ602 provides user data, which may be performed by executing a host application.
  • the user data is associated with a particular human user interacting with the UE QQ606.
  • the user data is associated with a UE QQ606 that shares data with the host QQ602 without explicit human interaction.
  • the host QQ602 initiates a transmission carrying the user data towards the UE QQ606.
  • the host QQ602 may initiate the transmission responsive to a request transmitted by the UE QQ606.
  • the request may be caused by human interaction with the UE QQ606 or by operation of the client application executing on the UE QQ606.
  • the transmission may pass via the network node QQ604, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.
  • the network node QQ604 transmits to the UE QQ606 the user data that was carried in the transmission that the host QQ602 initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.
  • the UE QQ606 receives the user data carried in the transmission, which may be performed by a client application executed on the UE QQ606 associated with the host application executed by the host QQ602.
  • the UE QQ606 executes a client application which provides user data to the host QQ602.
  • the user data may be provided in reaction or response to the data received from the host QQ602.
  • the UE QQ606 may provide user data, which may be performed by executing the client application.
  • the client application may further consider user input received from the user via an input/output interface of the UE QQ606. Regardless of the specific manner in which the user data was provided, the UE QQ606 initiates, in step QQ618, transmission of the user data towards the host QQ602 via the network node QQ604.
  • step QQ620 in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, the network node QQ604 receives user data from the UE QQ606 and initiates transmission of the received user data towards the host QQ602. In step QQ622, the host QQ602 receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the UE QQ606.
  • One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to the UE QQ606 using the OTT connection QQ650, in which the wireless connection QQ670 forms the last segment. More precisely, the teachings of these embodiments may improve the interoperability of Multi-USIM UE, and thereby provide benefits such as enhanced user service, lower power consumption, reduced paging latency, and enhanced mobility management.
  • factory status information may be collected and analyzed by the host QQ602.
  • the host QQ602 may process audio and video data which may have been retrieved from a UE for use in creating maps.
  • the host QQ602 may collect and analyze real-time data to assist in controlling vehicle congestion (e.g., controlling traffic lights).
  • the host QQ602 may store surveillance video uploaded by a UE.
  • the host QQ602 may store or control access to media content such as video, audio, VR or AR which it can broadcast, multicast or unicast to UEs.
  • the host QQ602 may be used for energy pricing, remote control of non-time critical electrical load to balance power generation needs, location services, presentation services (such as compiling diagrams etc. from data collected from remote devices), or any other function of collecting, retrieving, storing, analyzing and/or transmitting data.
  • a measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve.
  • the measurement procedure and/or the network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection may be implemented in software and hardware of the host QQ602 and/or UE QQ606.
  • sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association with other devices through which the OTT connection QQ650 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or supplying values of other physical quantities from which software may compute or estimate the monitored quantities.
  • the reconfiguring of the OTT connection QQ650 may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing etc.; the reconfiguring need not directly alter the operation of the network node QQ604. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art.
  • measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling that facilitates measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency and the like, by the host QQ602.
  • the measurements may be implemented in that software causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using the OTT connection QQ650 while monitoring propagation times, errors, etc.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide numerous technical advantages over the prior art.
  • the UE measurement behavior in a multi-USIM operational scenario is well defined.
  • Embodiments herein ensure that the UE does not lose critical signals (e.g., paging, system information, etc.) in a multi-USIM operational scenario.
  • the UE can operate in one serving cell while receive other signals (e.g., paging, SI, etc.) in another serving cell without losing paging.
  • Mobility management which relies on UE measurement results, is enhanced in multi-USIM operational scenario.
  • the measurement gap configuration rules in multi-USIM operational scenario enables each network to prevent loss of grants/resources used by the UE for signal transmission/reception.
  • computing devices described herein may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and/or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.
  • processing circuitry may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.
  • computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components.
  • a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and/or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface.
  • non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.
  • processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer- readable storage medium.
  • some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner.
  • the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and/or by end users and a wireless network generally.
  • the term “unit” may have conventional meaning in the field of electronics, electrical devices and/or electronic devices and may include, for example, electrical and/or electronic circuitry, devices, modules, processors, memories, logic solid state and/or discrete devices, computer programs or instructions for carrying out respective tasks, procedures, computations, outputs, and/or displaying functions, and so on, as such as those that are described herein.
  • the term “configured to” means set up, organized, adapted, or arranged to operate in a particular way; the term is synonymous with “designed to.”
  • MGP Measurement Gap Pattern
  • SRP Signal Reception Proximity
  • obtaining the MGP comprises receiving the MGP from another node.
  • the method (100) of example 4 further comprising: performing radio preparatory procedures, based on the first signal, which are necessary for reception of the second signal. 6. The method (100) of example 4 wherein the second time occasion occurs within a second measurement gap of the MGP.
  • radio operational tasks or procedures comprise informing a network node (40, 60) that the obtained MGP does not meet the SRP condition.
  • radio operational tasks or procedures further comprise requesting a network node (40, 60) to adapt one or more configuration parameters of at least one of first and second signals in the second cell (cell2) for enabling the UE (10, 20) to meet the SRP condition for the obtained MGP.
  • radio operational tasks or procedures further comprise: receiving from the requested network node (40, 60), information about adapted configuration parameters of at least one of the first and second signals in the second cell (cell2); using a first measurement gap of the MGP to receive a first signal in the second cell (cell2); and receiving a second signal in the second cell (cell2) in a second time occasion within a predetermined time after the first measurement gap.
  • MGP Measurement Gap Pattern
  • AT Signal Reception Proximity
  • the method (200) of example 15 further comprising, prior to determining the MGP, receiving information from another node (10, 20, 40, 60), the information related to one or more of timing of signals or signal reception time occasions, and Discontinuous Reception, in the second cell (cell2).
  • a first measurement gap of the MGP enables the UE (10, 20) to receive a first signal within a first time occasion in the second cell (cell2), and the first measurement gap occurs within AT before a second time occasion in which the UE (10, 20) can receive a second signal in the second cell (cell2).
  • the time period AT is sufficient for the UE (10, 20) to perform radio preparatory procedures, based on the first signal, necessary for reception of the second signal.
  • MGP Measurement Gap Pattern
  • obtaining information about the MGP comprises receiving a message from the UE (10, 20) informing the second network node at least one of: that the MGP does not meet any SRP condition, and information about one or more SRP conditions which have not been met for the MGP.
  • obtaining information about the MGP comprises receiving a message from a first network node serving the UE (10, 20) in the first cell (celll), the message informing the second network node at least one of: that the MGP does not meet any SRP condition, information about one or more SRP conditions which have not been met for the MGP, and information the reason for configuring the UE (10, 20) with an MGP which does not meet any SRP conditions.
  • the method (300) of example 22 wherein adapting one or more parameters of the second signal to meet at least the one SRP condition for the obtained MGP comprises adapting one or more of paging cycle, location of paging occasion in time and/or frequency, and System Information scheduling.
  • MGP Measurement Gap Pattern
  • SRP Signal Reception Proximity
  • MGP Measurement Gap Pattern
  • AT Signal Reception Proximity
  • processing circuitry (42) operatively connected to the communication circuitry (46), the processing circuitry (42) configured to: obtain (302) information about the MGP, which does not meet at least one Signal
  • Reception Proximity, SRP, condition adapt (304) one or more parameters of at least one of a first signal and a second signal for transmission to the UE (10, 20) in the second cell (cell2), to meet at least the one SRP condition for the obtained MGP; and configure (306) the UE (10, 20) with the information about the adapted one or more parameters of the first and/or second signal.
  • a method performed by a Multi-USIM User Equipment, UE, operative in a first cell of a wireless communication network, for enabling the UE to communicate in the second cell comprising: obtaining a Measurement Gap Pattern, MGP, for the first cell; and evaluating the MGP against Signal Reception Proximity, SRP, conditions; and using the MGP to perform one or more radio operational tasks or procedures; wherein the SRP conditions ensure that the MGP provides at least one measurement gap at least a time period, AT, before the reception by the UE of at least one signal in the second cell.
  • MGP Measurement Gap Pattern
  • SRP Signal Reception Proximity
  • obtaining the MGP comprises receiving the MGP from another node.
  • evaluating the MGP against SRP conditions comprises determining the MGP meets at least one SRP condition.
  • radio operational tasks or procedures comprise: using a first measurement gap of the MGP to receive a first signal in the second cell; and receiving a second signal in the second cell in a second time occasion within AT after the first measurement gap. 5.
  • the method of example 4 further comprising: performing radio preparatory procedures, based on the first signal, which are necessary for reception of the second signal.
  • evaluating the MGP against SRP conditions comprises determining the MGP does not meet the SRP condition.
  • radio operational tasks or procedures comprise informing a network node that the obtained MGP does not meet the SRP condition.
  • radio operational tasks or procedures further comprise requesting a network node to adapt one or more configuration parameters of at least one of first and second signals in the second cell for enabling the UE to meet the SRP condition for the obtained MGP.
  • radio operational tasks or procedures further comprise: receiving from the requested network node, information about adapted configuration parameters of at least one of the first and second signals in the second cell; using a first measurement gap of the MGP to receive a first signal in the second cell; and receiving a second signal in the second cell in a second time occasion within a predetermined time after the first measurement gap.
  • the method of example 13 further comprising: performing radio preparatory procedures, based on the first signal, which are necessary for reception of the second signal.
  • a method performed by a first network node operative in a wireless communication network and serving a Multi-USIM User Equipment, UE, in a first cell, wherein the UE is also served in a second cell, for enabling the UE to communicate in the second cell, the method comprising: determining a Measurement Gap Pattern, MGP, for the first cell, such that the MGP meets at least one Signal Reception Proximity, SRP, condition; and configuring the UE with the MGP; wherein the SRP condition ensures that the MGP provides at least one measurement gap at least a time period, AT, before the reception by the UE of at least one signal in the second cell.
  • MGP Measurement Gap Pattern
  • AT Signal Reception Proximity
  • the method of example 16 further comprising, prior to determining the MGP, receiving information from another node, the information related to one or more of timing of signals or signal reception time occasions, and Discontinuous Reception, in the second cell. 18.
  • a first measurement gap of the MGP enables the UE to receive a first signal within a first time occasion in the second cell, and the first measurement gap occurs within AT before a second time occasion in which the UE can receive a second signal in the second cell.
  • a method performed by a second network node operative in a wireless communication network and serving a Multi-USIM User Equipment, UE, in a second cell, wherein the UE is also served in a first cell and includes a Measurement Gap Pattern, MGP, for the first cell to enable the UE to communicate in the second cell, the method comprising: obtaining information about the MGP, which does not meet at least one Signal
  • Reception Proximity SRP
  • SRP Session Proximity
  • obtaining information about the MGP comprises receiving a message from the UE informing the second network node at least one of: that the MGP does not meet any SRP condition, and information about one or more SRP conditions which have not been met for the MGP.
  • obtaining information about the MGP comprises receiving a message from a first network node serving the UE in the first cell, the message informing the second network node at least one of: that the MGP does not meet any SRP condition, information about one or more SRP conditions which have not been met for the MGP, and information the reason for configuring the UE with an MGP which does not meet any SRP conditions.
  • the method of example 23 wherein adapting one or more parameters of the first signal to meet at least the one SRP condition for the obtained MGP comprises adapting Reference Signal periodicity or duration.
  • the method of example 23 wherein adapting one or more parameters of the second signal to meet at least the one SRP condition for the obtained MGP comprises adapting one or more of paging cycle, location of paging occasion in time and/or frequency, and System Information scheduling.
  • a Multi-USIM user equipment for communicating in both a first and second cell of a wireless communication network, comprising: processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A examples; and power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the processing circuitry.
  • a first network node operative in a wireless communication network and serving a Multi- USIM User Equipment, UE, in a first cell, wherein the UE is also served in a second cell, for enabling the UE to communicate in the second cell, the first network node comprising: processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of examples 16-22, 28 of the Group B examples; power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the processing circuitry.
  • processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of examples 16-22, 28 of the Group B examples
  • power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the processing circuitry.
  • a second network node operative in a wireless communication network and serving a Multi-USIM User Equipment, UE, in a second cell, wherein the UE is also served in a first cell and includes a Measurement Gap Pattern, MGP, for the first cell to enable the UE to communicate in the second cell, the second network node comprising: processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of examples 23-28 of the Group B examples; power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the processing circuitry.
  • MGP Measurement Gap Pattern
  • a Multi-USIM user equipment for communicating in both a first and second cell of a wireless communication network, the UE comprising: an antenna configured to send and receive wireless signals; radio front-end circuitry connected to the antenna and to processing circuitry, and configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna and the processing circuitry; the processing circuitry being configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A examples; an input interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to allow input of information into the UE to be processed by the processing circuitry; an output interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to output information from the UE that has been processed by the processing circuitry; and a battery connected to the processing circuitry and configured to supply power to the UE.
  • UE Multi-USIM user equipment
  • a host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate transmission of the user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE comprises a communication interface and processing circuitry, the communication interface and processing circuitry of the UE being configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A examples to receive the user data from the host.
  • OTT over-the-top
  • the cellular network further includes a network node configured to communicate with the UE to transmit the user data to the UE from the host.
  • the processing circuitry of the host is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; and the host application is configured to interact with a client application executing on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application.
  • UE user equipment
  • a host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate transmission of the user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE comprises a communication interface and processing circuitry, the communication interface and processing circuitry of the UE being configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A examples to transmit the user data to the host.
  • OTT over-the-top
  • the cellular network further includes a network node configured to communicate with the UE to transmit the user data from the UE to the host.
  • the processing circuitry of the host is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; and the host application is configured to interact with a client application executing on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application.
  • UE user equipment
  • a host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate transmission of the user data to a network node in a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), the network node having a communication interface and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry of the network node configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group B examples to transmit the user data from the host to the UE.
  • OTT over-the-top
  • the processing circuitry of the host is configured to execute a host application that provides the user data; and the UE comprises processing circuitry configured to execute a client application associated with the host application to receive the transmission of user data from the host.
  • UE user equipment
  • a communication system configured to provide an over-the-top service, the communication system comprising: a host comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data for a user equipment (UE), the user data being associated with the over-the-top service; and a network interface configured to initiate transmission of the user data toward a cellular network node for transmission to the UE, the network node having a communication interface and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry of the network node configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group B examples to transmit the user data from the host to the UE.
  • a host comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data for a user equipment (UE), the user data being associated with the over-the-top service; and a network interface configured to initiate transmission of the user data toward a cellular network node for transmission to the UE, the network node having a communication interface and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry of the network node configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group B examples to transmit the user data from the host to the UE.
  • a host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: processing circuitry configured to initiate receipt of user data; and a network interface configured to receive the user data from a network node in a cellular network, the network node having a communication interface and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry of the network node configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group B examples to receive the user data from a user equipment (UE) for the host.
  • OTT over-the-top
  • the processing circuitry of the host is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; and the host application is configured to interact with a client application executing on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application.
  • a host configured to operate in a communication system that further includes a network node and a user equipment (UE)
  • the method comprising: at the host, initiating receipt of user data from the UE, the user data originating from a transmission which the network node has received from the UE, wherein the network node performs any of the steps of any of the Group B examples to receive the user data from the UE for the host.
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project nG n-th Generation (3G, 4G, 5G, etc.)
  • NPDCCH Narrowband Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • NPRACH Narrowband Physical Random Access Channel
  • NPLISCH Narrowband Physical Uplink Shared Channel

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, un équipement utilisateur (UE) est configuré pour fonctionner dans un scénario multi-USIM dans lequel un premier nœud de réseau gère ou dessert une première cellule de desserte, et un deuxième nœud de réseau gère ou dessert une deuxième cellule de desserte. L'UE est configuré avec un premier motif d'écart de mesure (MGP1) pour cell1 et un deuxième motif d'intervalle de mesure (MGP2) pour cell2. MGP1 comprend un premier écart de mesure (MG1) pour recevoir un premier signal dans la deuxième cellule, et MGP2 comprend un deuxième intervalle de mesure (MG2) pour recevoir un deuxième signal dans la deuxième cellule. L'UE peut recevoir le premier signal dans MG1 et le deuxième signal dans MG2 lorsque MG1 est compris dans une période de temps (ΔT) avant MG2. Si MG1 n'est pas compris dans une période de temps (ΔT) avant MG2, l'UE peut omettre la réception du premier signal dans MG1 et/ou du deuxième signal dans MG2.
PCT/SE2022/050909 2021-10-18 2022-10-07 Écart de mesure multi-usim basé sur une condition de proximité de réception de signal Ceased WO2023068982A1 (fr)

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