WO2023066921A1 - Pressed dry mortar shaped body, receptacle containing a plurality of such dry mortar shaped bodies and process for producing the dry mortar shaped bodies - Google Patents
Pressed dry mortar shaped body, receptacle containing a plurality of such dry mortar shaped bodies and process for producing the dry mortar shaped bodies Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023066921A1 WO2023066921A1 PCT/EP2022/078947 EP2022078947W WO2023066921A1 WO 2023066921 A1 WO2023066921 A1 WO 2023066921A1 EP 2022078947 W EP2022078947 W EP 2022078947W WO 2023066921 A1 WO2023066921 A1 WO 2023066921A1
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- dry mortar
- mortar
- shaped body
- dry
- water retention
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/06—Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers ; Inhibiting the action of active ingredients
- C04B40/0608—Dry ready-made mixtures, e.g. mortars at which only water or a water solution has to be added before use
- C04B40/0616—Dry ready-made mixtures, e.g. mortars at which only water or a water solution has to be added before use preformed, e.g. bandages
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/0076—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials characterised by the grain distribution
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/06—Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers ; Inhibiting the action of active ingredients
- C04B40/0608—Dry ready-made mixtures, e.g. mortars at which only water or a water solution has to be added before use
Definitions
- Pressed dry mortar molding container containing several such dry mortar moldings and method for producing the dry mortar molding
- the present invention relates to a pressed dry mortar shaped body for producing a fresh mortar for mortaring, preferably for mortaring wall formers in the thin-bed method, such as flat bricks or planed blocks, or for mortaring tiles in the thin-bed method, or for producing a fresh mortar in the form of a plaster mortar, a spatula mortar for the drywall, a repair mortar or a special mortar for interior use.
- the present invention also relates to a container containing several such dry mortar moldings and a method for producing such pressed dry mortar moldings.
- Dry mortars are prefabricated dry mixes (so-called factory mortars) consisting of at least one binder (in particular mineral binders such as Portland cement, lime or gypsum), at least one aggregate, usually at least one additive and/or at least one additive, which can only be used on the construction site with water must be mixed to a fresh mortar and are therefore ready for use.
- binder in particular mineral binders such as Portland cement, lime or gypsum
- these also have a setting regulator, in particular calcium sulfate, and/or an activator.
- the term "Portland cement” therefore includes a mixture of Portland cement clinker, calcium sulphate and any secondary components in accordance with DIN EN 197-1:2011. If the secondary components are reactive components that contribute to the formation of the binder matrix, they are included in the binder content. Otherwise, it is inactive components that are not attributed.
- all reactive, mineral components of the dry mortar that contribute to the formation of the binder matrix are therefore included in the binder content.
- Additives are finely divided substances that affect certain properties of the mortar. They primarily influence the processability of the fresh and the strength and tightness of the hardened mortar. In contrast to additives, the amount added is generally so large that it has to be taken into account when calculating the material volume. Additives must not impair the hardening of the cement or the strength and durability of the mortar. With the additives, a distinction is made between inactive (inert) additives and active additives, in particular pozzolanic additives and latent hydraulic additives, and organic additives. In the context of the invention, the active additives are included in the binder content if they contribute to the formation of the binder matrix. Additives are standardized, for example, in DIN EN 12620:2015-07 "Natural rock flour” or DIN EN 15167-1:2006-12 "granulated blast furnace slag for use in concrete, mortar and grout".
- Additives are added to the mortar in order to change the properties of the fresh or hardened mortar - such as workability, setting, hardening or frost resistance - through chemical or physical action or both. Admixtures are added in such small amounts ( ⁇ 5% by mass of the cement content) that they are irrelevant as a proportion of the volume of the mortar. Additives are supplied in liquid, powder or granulate form. Additives for mortar are standardized, for example, in DIN EN 934-2:2012-08 "Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout".
- the mortar aggregate can consist of inorganic or organic substances.
- the mortar aggregate is aggregates. Aggregates can be natural, industrially produced or recycled.
- the organic mortar aggregate is, for example, polystyrene beads.
- the mortar aggregate usually has a maximum grain size of ⁇ 4 mm.
- Mortar aggregate is standardized, for example, in DIN EN 13139:2002-08 "Aggregates for mortar” or DIN EN 13055:2016-11 "Light aggregates”. Dry mortar mixes often contain at least one water retention agent. Water retention agents or water retention agents bind the water used to mix the mortar and thus prevent unwanted water release to absorbent, porous substrates. This leaves enough water in the mortar to ensure even workability and full hydration of the binder.
- Water retention aids usually consist of cellulose ethers, in particular methyl cellulose. However, it can also be, for example, guar gum or starch, in particular hydroxypropyl starch.
- the dry mortar is delivered in silos or bags. Especially when processing sacks, tearing open, decanting and mixing can lead to the formation of dust due to the finely divided mortar components such as binders and additives. This formation of dust has a negative effect on the environment and health and is also the reason why there is an increasing demand for the use of dust-reduced mortar on construction sites.
- dry mortar moldings in particular dry mortar slabs, so-called mortar pads, which are placed on the horizontal joints and then watered, or also dry mortar pellets or dry mortar briquettes from dry mortar mixtures. The latter disintegrate when water is added and can be processed into fresh mortar in a known manner.
- dry mortar moldings are packaged and delivered as bulk goods in packaging.
- a bulk material is a granular or lumpy mixture that is in a pourable form. The grain shape can be broken or rounded.
- the grains of the bulk material can have an identical grain shape. If the grains are very small, the bulk material is dust or flour.
- a generic, pressed dry mortar molding is known for example from DE 10 2009 057 710 A1.
- the dry mortar shaped body described here has a pressed dry mortar mixture which has at least one explosive and at least one pressing aid.
- At least one mineral, porous, relatively friable, dry lightweight aggregate granulate made of CSH granulate, e.g. aerated concrete and/or foam concrete, and/or expanded perlite and/or expanded vermiculite and/or pumice and/or expanded clay is included as a pressing aid, with these pressing aids eg can have grain sizes up to 2 mm.
- Quicklime and/or burnt dolomite is preferably contained as a disintegrating agent.
- the dry mortar molding can also contain at least one additive, for example a water retention agent.
- the well-known dry mortar molding has proven itself. However, it was found within the scope of the invention that the disintegration and dissolving properties of the dry mortar molding are not always optimal. As a result of the press agglomeration, it can happen that the dry mortar shaped body containing the water retention agent does not readily dissolve completely and lumps form in the fresh mortar. These lumps interfere with the processing of the fresh mortar, since it is not possible to produce a completely smooth surface when scraping it off with a notched trowel or felting. When scraped off, the lumps slide over the joint surface and leave grooves in the surface of the fresh mortar like the rolled grain in a rubbing or rough plaster.
- US Pat. No. 8,685,158 B2 deals with the problem of the suitable form in which a water retention agent can be added to a mortar composition without undesirable compounds such as ammonium salts or aluminum having to be added to stabilize the suspension of the water retention agent. This does not affect the disintegration and dissolving properties of dry mortar moldings.
- US 2015/0203404 A1 relates to powdered mortar dry mixes. US 2015/0203404 A1 is not concerned with dry mortar moldings and their disintegration and dissolution properties.
- DE 102 33 833 A1 discloses a factory mortar which is in the form of a shaped body.
- the influence of the particle sizes of the water retention aids contained on the disintegration and dissolving properties of the dry mortar moldings is not the subject of DE 102 33 833 A1.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a dry mortar molding containing a water retention agent with further improved disintegration and dissolving properties.
- a further object of the invention is the provision of a container having a packaging and a bulk material made of such dry mortar moldings arranged therein.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing the dry mortar moldings.
- FIG. 1 Particle size distribution curves (cumulative curves) of coarse methylcelluloses according to the invention and fine methylcelluloses not according to the invention
- the dry mortar molding according to the invention consists of a pressed
- mineral, preferably hydraulic, binder preferably Portland cement and/or other cements in accordance with EN 197 and/or non-standard cements such as calcium sulfo-aluminate cement or alumina cement and/or lime and/or gypsum
- At least one organic water retention agent preferably methyl cellulose
- the water retention aid in particular the methyl cellulose
- the grain size distribution of the powdered water retention aid in particular the methyl cellulose
- Methyl cellulose with a sieving content of >90% by weight at 125 ⁇ m is usually used in dry mortars. Coarse grades with a sieving ⁇ 75% by weight or even ⁇ 50% by weight at 125 ⁇ m have not previously been used in a powdery dry mortar.
- the dry mortar molding according to the invention contains a dry mortar mixture with at least one coarse water retention agent, preferably a coarse methyl cellulose, with a grain size of at least 50% coarser 175 ⁇ m, preferably at least 50% coarser 230 ⁇ m, determined by laser granulometry according to ISO 13320: 2009
- the water retention agent should not be too coarse either, otherwise the hardening behavior of the fresh mortar will be influenced and the strength of the hardened mortar decreases.
- the water retention aid thus preferably has a maximum particle size of at most 1000 ⁇ m, preferably at most 800 ⁇ m, determined by means of laser granulometry in accordance with ISO 13320:2009.
- the water retention aid preferably has particle size distributions with the following dx values, determined in each case by means of laser granulometry in accordance with ISO 13320:2009: and or
- the grain size distribution is determined using laser granulometry in accordance with ISO 13320:2009.
- the water retention aid preferably has a constant particle size distribution.
- Exemplary particle size distribution curves (cumulative curves) of coarse methylcelluloses according to the invention (MC 4-9) and fine methylcelluloses not according to the invention (MC 1-3) are shown in FIG. It can be seen that the Methyl celluloses used according to the invention already have a significantly higher dw value than conventional methyl celluloses.
- curves with a solid line show particle size distributions of suitable methylcelluloses.
- Curves with dotted lines show unsuitable methylcelluloses.
- the curve with the dashed line marks the limiting case.
- the coarse water retention agent can also be a water retention agent other than methylcellulose, e.g., guar gum and/or starch, especially hydroxypropyl starch.
- the other water retention agent(s) is/are preferably contained in combination with methyl cellulose. However, as already explained, it is particularly preferred that only methyl cellulose is present as the water retention agent. The requirements specified above with regard to particle size distribution also apply to the other coarse water retention aids.
- the methyl cellulose is preferably pure methyl cellulose (MC) or methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC) or methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (MHPC) or hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).
- MC methyl cellulose
- MHEC methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose
- MHPC methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose
- HEC hydroxyethyl cellulose
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- the dry mortar molding also has a total of preferably 0.05 to 0.7% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 0.6% by weight, of water retention aids, based on the dry mass of the dry mortar mixture.
- the binder is preferably cement according to DIN EN 197-1, such as Portland cement (CEM I) and/or blast furnace cement (CEM III), and/or an alumina cement and/or gypsum and/or lime and/or a pozzolanic binder, preferably fly ash and/or trass, and/or a latently hydraulic binder, preferably slag sand.
- the dry mortar shaped body preferably has a total of 5 to 70% by weight, preferably 10 to 45% by weight, of binder, based on the dry mass of the dry mortar mixture.
- the mortar aggregate of the dry mortar mixture according to the invention preferably has a grain size of ⁇ 4 mm.
- the dry mortar shaped body preferably has a total of 30 to 90% by weight, preferably 55 to 85% by weight, of mortar aggregate, based on the dry mass of the dry mortar mixture.
- the mortar aggregate is also preferably a normal aggregate, preferably normal aggregate or a mineral aggregate.
- Normal aggregates have a bulk density of 2,200 to 3,200 kg/m 3 .
- the normal aggregate is preferably crushed limestone sand and/or crushed dolomite sand and/or other crushed aggregate and/or quartz sand.
- the invention thus relates to a dry mortar shaped body consisting of a pressed dry mortar mixture
- the dry mortar mixture preferably has at least one lightweight mineral aggregate or aggregate.
- Lightweight aggregates have a bulk density of ⁇ 2,200 kg/ m3 .
- aggregates with a gross density of up to 2,000 kg/m 3 are defined as "light aggregate”.
- lightweight aggregates are used that are well below this value, such as expanded clay with a bulk density of 700 kg/m 3 .
- the porous lightweight aggregates serve in a manner known per se as a pressing aid by distributing the pressing pressure. Because the lightweight aggregate grains are at least partially crushed and displaced during pressing and thus distribute the pressing pressure to the finer components of the dry mortar mixture and thus also compress the finer components.
- the mode of action of the lightweight aggregates is described in detail in German patent application DE 10 2009 057 710 A1, to which reference is hereby made in its entirety.
- the dry mortar molding preferably has a total of 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 2 to 30% by weight, of lightweight aggregate, based on the dry mass of the dry mortar mixture.
- the porous lightweight aggregate preferably has a relatively low grain compressive strength of between 2 and 65 kN, in particular between 2 and 30 kN, measured according to DIN EN 13055:2016-11 "Light aggregates" (cylinder method).
- the porous mineral lightweight aggregate is preferably granules of calcium silicate hydrate phases (CSH phases), preferably hydrothermally hardened aerated concrete or comparable lightweight aggregate and/or hydrothermally hardened foam concrete, and/or expanded perlite and/or expanded vermiculite and/or pumice and/or expanded clay.
- CSH phases calcium silicate hydrate phases
- the invention thus relates to a dry mortar shaped body consisting of a pressed dry mortar mixture
- At least one mineral preferably hydraulic, binder, preferably Portland cement and/or others Cements according to EN 197 and/or non-standard cements such as calcium sulfo-aluminate or alumina cement and/or lime and/or gypsum,
- the water-activatable disintegrating agent or disintegrating agent is preferably an agent which expands to a multiple of its original volume when water is added.
- the explosive is distributed in the dry mortar mixture.
- the disintegrating agent thus supports the disintegration of the dry mortar shaped body in that it expands when water is added and thereby bursts the dry mortar shaped body.
- it can also be an agent which, when water is added in an alkaline environment, forms gas and thus buoys up the dry mortar shaped body and thereby bursts it.
- the dry mortar molding preferably has a total of 0.05 to 10.0% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, of disintegrant, based on the dry mass of the dry mortar mixture.
- the disintegrating agent is also preferably quicklime and/or burnt dolomite and/or bentonite and/or aluminum and/or starch and/or cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethylcellulose.
- Quicklime and burnt dolomite are known to quench with water very quickly and violently with an increase in temperature to hydrate with a significant increase in volume, which is explosive when used according to the invention works.
- the hydrate can also act as a binder in the dry mortar according to the invention and improve the suppleness of the fresh mortar.
- bentonite has montmorillonite as the most important component, which explains its high water absorption and swelling capacity, which also has an explosive effect when used according to the invention.
- the invention thus relates to a dry mortar shaped body consisting of a pressed dry mortar mixture
- the pressed dry mortar mixture of this embodiment can also contain 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 2 to 30% by weight, of lightweight aggregate.
- the additive is preferably powdered rock, such as powdered limestone and/or powdered quartz, ie an inert additive.
- the dry mortar shaped body preferably has a total of 0 to 25% by weight, preferably 2 to 20% by weight, of inert additive, based on the dry mass of the dry mortar mixture.
- the invention thus relates to a dry mortar shaped body consisting of a pressed dry mortar mixture
- the pressed dry mortar mixture of this embodiment can also contain 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 2 to 30% by weight, of lightweight aggregate.
- the other additives other than the water retention agent are preferably setting regulators and/or setting regulators and/or redispersion powder and/or defoamers and/or hydrophobing agents and/or other construction chemical products.
- the dry mortar shaped body preferably has a total of 0 to 8.0% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, of further additives, based on the dry mass of the dry mortar mixture.
- the invention thus relates to a dry mortar shaped body consisting of a pressed dry mortar mixture
- the pressed dry mortar mixture of this embodiment can also contain 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 2 to 30% by weight, of lightweight aggregate.
- the dry mortar moldings according to the invention are produced in a manner known per se by producing the dry mortar mixture and pressing the dry mortar mixture to form the dry mortar molding.
- the pressing pressure is preferably 6 to 12 N/mm 2 , preferably 7 to 10 N/mm 2 . When using double roller presses, this is calculated from the contact pressure divided by the roller diameter and roller width.
- the pressing is preferably carried out at a compact temperature of 0 to 80 °C, preferably 5 to 60 °C.
- almond or cushion-shaped dry mortar moldings are preferably produced.
- the pressed dry mortar moldings also preferably have a bulk density of 2 to 2.5 kg/m 3 , preferably 2.1 to 2.4 kg/m 3 .
- the raw density was determined using the Geopyc measuring device from the manufacturer Micromeritcs. Said GeoPyc automatically determines the volume and density of a solid object by displacing an inert powder composed of small, rigid spheres with a high degree of fluidity. The briquettes are embedded in the powder, which is then stirred around the sample and gently solidified. Due to the high flowability of the powder, a tight packing around the object to be examined is achieved. The particles are so small that they fit closely to the surface of the object during consolidation, but do not penetrate into the pore space.
- the GeoPyc collects the displacement data and calculates the raw density.
- the compacts show a mechanical resistance, determined in the drop or shatter test (5 times falling of 10 compacts into a PVC or PE tube with a length of 710 mm and a diameter of 63 mm and subsequent sieving with a mesh size of 12.5 mm) of preferably ⁇ 30% by mass, preferably ⁇ 20% by mass.
- a plurality of dry mortar moldings produced are then combined into a container in a suitable packaging, in particular a plastic sack or paper sack or a big bag, or a plastic bucket or a cardboard box.
- the produced, uncomminuted, in particular unbroken, dry mortar moldings are mechanically comminuted, in particular broken, into granules, and the comminuted dry mortar moldings are combined accordingly to form the container.
- a dry mortar mixture was first produced from the raw materials specified in Tables 1, 2 and 3 below and the dry mortar mixture was pressed to form almond-shaped briquettes. The pressing took place in a Hosokawa MS75 pressing machine with a pressing force of 440 kN. Almond-shaped briquettes with a volume of 8 cm 3 were produced. The properties of the produced, uncrushed briquettes are given in Table 4:
- Table 1 Raw materials for example 1
- Table 2 Raw materials for example 2
- Table 3 Raw materials for example 3
- Table 4 Properties of the briquettes produced according to Examples 1 to 3
- the particle size distribution of the respective methyl cellulose can be found in the particle size distribution diagram corresponding to the number given in the exemplary embodiments (information in brackets after the name of the manufacturer).
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Abstract
Description
Gepresster Trockenmörtelformkörper, Gebinde enthaltend mehrere derartige Trockenmörtelformkörper und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Trockenmörtelformkörper Pressed dry mortar molding, container containing several such dry mortar moldings and method for producing the dry mortar molding
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen gepressten Trockenmörtelformkörper zur Herstellung eines Frischmörtels zur Vermörtelung, bevorzugt zur Vermörtelung von Wandbildnern im Dünnbettverfahren, wie z.B. Planziegeln oder Planblocksteinen, oder zur Vermörtelung von Fliesen im Dünnbettverfahren, oder zur Herstellung eines Frischmörtel in Form eines Putzmörtels, eines Spachtelmörtels für den Trockenbau, eines Reparaturmörtels oder eines Spezialmörtels für den Innenbereich. Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft zudem ein Gebinde enthaltend mehrere derartige Trockenmörtelformkörper und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung derartiger gepresster Trockenmörtelformkörper. The present invention relates to a pressed dry mortar shaped body for producing a fresh mortar for mortaring, preferably for mortaring wall formers in the thin-bed method, such as flat bricks or planed blocks, or for mortaring tiles in the thin-bed method, or for producing a fresh mortar in the form of a plaster mortar, a spatula mortar for the drywall, a repair mortar or a special mortar for interior use. The present invention also relates to a container containing several such dry mortar moldings and a method for producing such pressed dry mortar moldings.
Trockenmörtel sind vorfabrizierte Trockenmischungen (sogenannte Werkmörtel), bestehend aus zumindest einem Bindemittel (insbesondere mineralische Bindemittel wie Portlandzement, Kalk oder Gips), zumindest einem Zuschlagstoff, in der Regel zumindest einem Zusatzstoff und/oder zumindest einem Zusatzmittel, die auf der Baustelle nur noch mit Wasser zu einem Frischmörtel angerührt werden müssen und damit gebrauchsfertig sind. Je nach Bindemittel weisen diese auch einen Erstarrungsregler, insbesondere Calciumsulfat, und/oder einen Anreger auf. Im Folgenden umfasst der Begriff „Portlandzement“ deshalb eine Mischung aus Portlandzementklinker, Calciumsulfat und gegebenenfalls Nebenbestandteilen gemäß DIN EN 197-1 :2011. Handelt es sich bei den Nebenbestandteilen um reaktive Bestandteile, welche zur Ausbildung der Bindemittelmatrix beitragen, werden diese dem Bindemittelanteil zugerechnet. Ansonsten handelt es sich um inaktive Bestandteile, welche nicht zugerechnet werden. Im Rahmen der Erfindung werden somit alle reaktiven, mineralischen Bestandteile des Trockenmörtels, welche zur Ausbildung der Bindemittelmatrix beitragen, dem Bindemittelanteil zugerechnet. Dry mortars are prefabricated dry mixes (so-called factory mortars) consisting of at least one binder (in particular mineral binders such as Portland cement, lime or gypsum), at least one aggregate, usually at least one additive and/or at least one additive, which can only be used on the construction site with water must be mixed to a fresh mortar and are therefore ready for use. Depending on the binder, these also have a setting regulator, in particular calcium sulfate, and/or an activator. In the following, the term "Portland cement" therefore includes a mixture of Portland cement clinker, calcium sulphate and any secondary components in accordance with DIN EN 197-1:2011. If the secondary components are reactive components that contribute to the formation of the binder matrix, they are included in the binder content. Otherwise, it is inactive components that are not attributed. Within the scope of the invention, all reactive, mineral components of the dry mortar that contribute to the formation of the binder matrix are therefore included in the binder content.
Zusatzstoffe sind fein verteilte Stoffe, die bestimmte Eigenschaften des Mörtels beeinflussen. Sie beeinflussen vorrangig die Verarbeitbarkeit des Frisch- und die Festigkeit und Dichtigkeit des Festmörtels. Im Gegensatz zu Zusatzmitteln ist die Zugabemenge im Allgemeinen so groß, dass sie bei der Stoffraumrechnung zu berücksichtigen ist. Zusatzstoffe dürfen das Erhärten des Zementes sowie die Festigkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit des Mörtels nicht beeinträchtigen. Bei den Zusatzstoffen wird unterschieden zwischen inaktiven (inerten) Zusatzstoffen und aktiven Zusatzstoffen, insbesondere puzzolanischen Zusatzstoffen und latent hydraulischen Zusatzstoffen, und organischen Zusatzstoffen. Im Rahmen der Erfindung werden die aktiven Zusatzstoffe dem Bindemittelanteil zugerechnet, sofern sie zur Ausbildung der Bindemittelmatrix beitragen. Zusatzstoffe sind z.B. in der DIN EN 12620:2015-07 „Natürliche Gesteinsmehle“ oder der DIN EN 15167-1 :2006-12 „Hüttensandmehl zur Verwendung in Beton, Mörtel und Einpressmörtel“ genormt. Additives are finely divided substances that affect certain properties of the mortar. They primarily influence the processability of the fresh and the strength and tightness of the hardened mortar. In contrast to additives, the amount added is generally so large that it has to be taken into account when calculating the material volume. Additives must not impair the hardening of the cement or the strength and durability of the mortar. With the additives, a distinction is made between inactive (inert) additives and active additives, in particular pozzolanic additives and latent hydraulic additives, and organic additives. In the context of the invention, the active additives are included in the binder content if they contribute to the formation of the binder matrix. Additives are standardized, for example, in DIN EN 12620:2015-07 "Natural rock flour" or DIN EN 15167-1:2006-12 "granulated blast furnace slag for use in concrete, mortar and grout".
Zusatzmittel werden dem Mörtel zugesetzt, um durch chemische oder physikalische Wirkung oder durch beides die Eigenschaften des Frisch- oder Festmörtels - wie z.B. Verarbeitbarkeit, Erstarren, Erhärten oder Frostwiderstand - zu verändern. Zusatzmittel werden in so geringen Mengen zugegeben (< 5 M.-% des Zementanteils), dass sie als Raumanteil des Mörtels ohne Bedeutung sind. Zusatzmittel werden flüssig, pulverförmig oder als Granulat geliefert. Zusatzmittel für Mörtel sind z.B. in der DIN EN 934-2:2012-08 „Zusatzmittel für Beton, Mörtel und Einpressmörtel“ genormt. Additives are added to the mortar in order to change the properties of the fresh or hardened mortar - such as workability, setting, hardening or frost resistance - through chemical or physical action or both. Admixtures are added in such small amounts (< 5% by mass of the cement content) that they are irrelevant as a proportion of the volume of the mortar. Additives are supplied in liquid, powder or granulate form. Additives for mortar are standardized, for example, in DIN EN 934-2:2012-08 "Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout".
Der Mörtelzuschlag kann aus anorganischen oder organischen Stoffen bestehen. In der Regel handelt es sich bei dem Mörtelzuschlag um Gesteinskörnungen. Gesteinskörnungen können natürlich, industriell hergestellt oder rezykliert sein. Bei dem organischen Mörtelzuschlag handelt es sich beispielsweise um Polystyrolkugeln. Der Mörtelzuschlag weist in der Regel ein Größtkorn < 4 mm auf. Mörtelzuschlag ist z.B. in der DIN EN 13139:2002-08 „Gesteinskörnungen für Mörtel“ oder der DIN EN 13055:2016-11 „Leichte Gesteinskörnungen“ genormt. Trockenmörtelmischungen enthalten häufig zumindest ein Wasserretentionsmittel. Wasserretentionsmittel bzw. Wasserrückhaltemittel binden das zum Anmachen des Mörtels verwendete Wasser und verhindern so eine unerwünschte Wasserabgabe an saugende, poröse Untergründe. Dadurch verbleibt ausreichend Wasser im Mörtel, um eine gleichmäßige Verarbeitbarkeit und vollständige Hydratation des Bindemittels zu gewährleisten. Wasserretentionsmittel bestehen in der Regel aus Celluloseethern, insbesondere aus Methylcellulose. Es kann sich aber z.B. auch um Guarkernmehl oder Stärke, insbesondere Hydro- xypropylstärke, handeln. The mortar aggregate can consist of inorganic or organic substances. As a rule, the mortar aggregate is aggregates. Aggregates can be natural, industrially produced or recycled. The organic mortar aggregate is, for example, polystyrene beads. The mortar aggregate usually has a maximum grain size of < 4 mm. Mortar aggregate is standardized, for example, in DIN EN 13139:2002-08 "Aggregates for mortar" or DIN EN 13055:2016-11 "Light aggregates". Dry mortar mixes often contain at least one water retention agent. Water retention agents or water retention agents bind the water used to mix the mortar and thus prevent unwanted water release to absorbent, porous substrates. This leaves enough water in the mortar to ensure even workability and full hydration of the binder. Water retention aids usually consist of cellulose ethers, in particular methyl cellulose. However, it can also be, for example, guar gum or starch, in particular hydroxypropyl starch.
Je nach Mörtelart und Mörtelmenge bzw. Mörtelbedarf wird der Trockenmörtel als Silo- oder Sackware ausgeliefert. Insbesondere bei der Verarbeitung von Sackware tritt durch Aufreißen, Umfüllen und Anmischen eine teilweise starke Staubbildung durch die feinteiligen Mörtelbestandteile wie Bindemittel und Zusatzstoffe auf. Diese Staubbildung wirkt sich negativ auf Umwelt und Gesundheit aus und ist auch der Grund dafür, dass mehr und mehr gefordert wird, auf Baustellen staubreduzierte Mörtel zu verwenden. Depending on the type of mortar and amount of mortar or mortar required, the dry mortar is delivered in silos or bags. Especially when processing sacks, tearing open, decanting and mixing can lead to the formation of dust due to the finely divided mortar components such as binders and additives. This formation of dust has a negative effect on the environment and health and is also the reason why there is an increasing demand for the use of dust-reduced mortar on construction sites.
Aus diesem Grund ist es auf dem Fachgebiet bekannt, Trockenmörtelformkörper, insbesondere Trockenmörtelplatten, sogenannten Mörtelpads, die auf die Lagerfugen gelegt und anschließend bewässert werden oder auch Trockenmörtelpellets oder Trockenmörtelbriketts aus Trockenmörtelmischungen herzustellen. Letztere , zerfallen bei Zugabe von Wasser und können in bekannter Weise zu Frischmörtel verarbeitet werden. Diese Trockenmörtelformkörper werden als Schüttgut in Verpackungen verpackt und ausgeliefert. Bei einem Schüttgut handelt es sich um ein körniges oder auch stückiges Gemenge, das in einer schüttfähigen Form vorliegt. Die Kornform kann gebrochen oder gerundet sein. Zudem können die Körner des Schüttgutes eine identische Kornform aufweisen. Weisen die Körner eine sehr geringe Korngröße auf, handelt es sich bei dem Schüttgut um Staub bzw. Mehl. Ein gattungsgemäßer, gepresster Trockenmörtelformkörper ist beispielsweise aus der DE 10 2009 057 710 A1 bekannt. Der hier beschriebene Trockenmörtelformkörper weist eine gepresste Trockenmörtelmischung auf, die mindestens ein Sprengmittel und mindestens ein Presshilfsmittel aufweist. Als Presshilfsmittel ist mindestens ein mineralisches, poröses, relativ mürbes, trockenes Leichtzuschlagstoffgranulat aus CSH-Granulat, z.B. Porenbeton und/oder Schaumbeton, und/oder expandiertem Perlit und/oder expandiertem Vermiculit und/oder Bims und/oder Blähton, enthalten, wobei diese Presshilfsmittel z.B. Korngrößen bis 2 mm aufweisen können. Als Sprengmittel ist vorzugsweise Branntkalk und/oder gebrannter Dolomit enthalten. Des Weiteren kann der Trockenmörtelformkörper auch zumindest ein Zusatzmittel, z.B. ein Wasserretentionsmittel, enthalten. For this reason, it is known in the art to produce dry mortar moldings, in particular dry mortar slabs, so-called mortar pads, which are placed on the horizontal joints and then watered, or also dry mortar pellets or dry mortar briquettes from dry mortar mixtures. The latter disintegrate when water is added and can be processed into fresh mortar in a known manner. These dry mortar moldings are packaged and delivered as bulk goods in packaging. A bulk material is a granular or lumpy mixture that is in a pourable form. The grain shape can be broken or rounded. In addition, the grains of the bulk material can have an identical grain shape. If the grains are very small, the bulk material is dust or flour. A generic, pressed dry mortar molding is known for example from DE 10 2009 057 710 A1. The dry mortar shaped body described here has a pressed dry mortar mixture which has at least one explosive and at least one pressing aid. At least one mineral, porous, relatively friable, dry lightweight aggregate granulate made of CSH granulate, e.g. aerated concrete and/or foam concrete, and/or expanded perlite and/or expanded vermiculite and/or pumice and/or expanded clay is included as a pressing aid, with these pressing aids eg can have grain sizes up to 2 mm. Quicklime and/or burnt dolomite is preferably contained as a disintegrating agent. Furthermore, the dry mortar molding can also contain at least one additive, for example a water retention agent.
Der bekannte Trockenmörtelformkörper hat sich bewährt. Allerdings wurde im Rahmen der Erfindung festgestellt, dass die Zerfalls- und Auflöseeigenschaften des Trockenmörtelformkörpers nicht immer optimal sind. Bedingt durch die Pressagglomeration kann es vorkommen, dass sich der das Wasserretentionsmittel enthaltende Trockenmörtelformkörper nicht ohne weiteres vollständig auflöst und sich Klümpchen im Frischmörtel bilden. Diese Klümpchen stören die Verarbeitung des Frischmörtels, da beim Abziehen mit der Zahnkelle oder auch beim Filzen keine vollständig glatte Oberfläche hergestellt werden kann. Die Klümpchen schieben beim Abziehen quasi über die Fugenfläche und hinterlassen wie das Rollkorn in einem Reibe- oder Rauputz Rillen in der Oberfläche des Frischmörtels. The well-known dry mortar molding has proven itself. However, it was found within the scope of the invention that the disintegration and dissolving properties of the dry mortar molding are not always optimal. As a result of the press agglomeration, it can happen that the dry mortar shaped body containing the water retention agent does not readily dissolve completely and lumps form in the fresh mortar. These lumps interfere with the processing of the fresh mortar, since it is not possible to produce a completely smooth surface when scraping it off with a notched trowel or felting. When scraped off, the lumps slide over the joint surface and leave grooves in the surface of the fresh mortar like the rolled grain in a rubbing or rough plaster.
US 8 685 158 B2 befasst sich mit dem Problem, in welcher geeigneten Form ein Wasserretentionsmittel zu einer Mörtelzusammensetzung zugegeben werden kann, ohne dass unerwünschte Verbindungen, wie beispielsweise Ammoniumssalze oder Aluminium zur Stabilisierung von Suspension der Wasserretentionsmittel zugesetzt werden müssen. Die Zerfalls- und Auflöseeigenschaften von Trockenmörtelformkörpern werden dadurch nicht beeinflusst. US 2015/0203404 A1 betrifft pulverförmige Mörteltrockenmischungen. US 2015/0203404 A1 befasst sich nicht mit Trockenmörtelformkörper und deren Zerfalls- und Auflöseeigenschaften. US Pat. No. 8,685,158 B2 deals with the problem of the suitable form in which a water retention agent can be added to a mortar composition without undesirable compounds such as ammonium salts or aluminum having to be added to stabilize the suspension of the water retention agent. This does not affect the disintegration and dissolving properties of dry mortar moldings. US 2015/0203404 A1 relates to powdered mortar dry mixes. US 2015/0203404 A1 is not concerned with dry mortar moldings and their disintegration and dissolution properties.
DE 102 33 833 A1 offenbart einen Werkmörtel, der als Formkörper vorliegt. Der Einfluss der Korngrößen der enthaltenen Wasserretentionsmittel auf die Zerfalls- und Auflöseeigenschaften der Trockenmörtelformkörpern ist nicht Gegenstand von DE 102 33 833 A1 . DE 102 33 833 A1 discloses a factory mortar which is in the form of a shaped body. The influence of the particle sizes of the water retention aids contained on the disintegration and dissolving properties of the dry mortar moldings is not the subject of DE 102 33 833 A1.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist somit die Bereitstellung eines ein Wasserretentionsmittel enthaltenden Trockenmörtelformkörpers mit weiter verbesserten Zerfalls- und Auflöseeigenschaften. The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a dry mortar molding containing a water retention agent with further improved disintegration and dissolving properties.
Weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Bereitstellung eines Gebindes aufweisend eine Verpackung und ein darin angeordnetes Schüttgut aus derartigen Trockenmörtelformkörpern. A further object of the invention is the provision of a container having a packaging and a bulk material made of such dry mortar moldings arranged therein.
Zudem ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Trockenmörtelformkörper bereitzustellen. In addition, the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing the dry mortar moldings.
Diese Aufgaben werden durch einen Trockenmörtelformkörper gemäß Anspruch 1 sowie ein Gebinde gemäß Anspruch 21 und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Trockenmörtelformkörper gemäß Anspruch 18 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den sich anschließenden Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet. These objects are achieved by a dry mortar molding according to claim 1 and a container according to claim 21 and a method for producing the dry mortar molding according to the invention according to claim 18. Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subsequent dependent claims.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung beispielhaft näher erläutert. Es zeigt: The invention is explained in more detail below by way of example using a drawing. It shows:
Figur 1 : Kornverteilungskurven (Summenkurven) von erfindungsgemäßen groben Methylcellulosen und nicht erfindungsgemäßen, feinen Methylcellulosen FIG. 1: Particle size distribution curves (cumulative curves) of coarse methylcelluloses according to the invention and fine methylcelluloses not according to the invention
Der erfindungsgemäße Trockenmörtelformkörper besteht aus einer gepresstenThe dry mortar molding according to the invention consists of a pressed
Trockenmörtelmischung aufweisend - zumindest ein mineralisches, vorzugsweise hydraulisches, Bindemittel, vorzugsweise Portlandzement und/oder andere Zemente entsprechend EN 197 und/oder ungenormte Zemente wie z.B. Calcium-Sulfo-Alumi- nat- oder Tonerdezement und/oder Kalk und/oder Gips, Having dry mortar mix - at least one mineral, preferably hydraulic, binder, preferably Portland cement and/or other cements in accordance with EN 197 and/or non-standard cements such as calcium sulfo-aluminate cement or alumina cement and/or lime and/or gypsum,
- zumindest einen Mörtelzuschlagstoff, - at least one mortar aggregate,
- vorzugsweise ein durch Wasserzugabe aktivierbares Sprengmittel,- preferably a disintegrant that can be activated by adding water,
- vorzugsweise zumindest einen Zusatzstoff, - preferably at least one additive,
- zumindest ein organisches Wasserretentionsmittel, vorzugsweise Methylcellulose, - at least one organic water retention agent, preferably methyl cellulose,
- vorzugsweise zumindest ein weiteres Zusatzmittel. - preferably at least one further additive.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung wurde nun überraschenderweise herausgefunden, dass das Wasserretentionsmittel, insbesondere die Methylcellulose, Ursache für die Klümpchenbildung ist und die Korngrößenverteilung des pulverförmigen Wasserretentionsmittels, insbesondere der Methylcellulose, für die Zerfalls- und Auflöseeigenschaften eine entscheidende Rolle spielt. Dies ist insbesondere deshalb überraschend, da ein entsprechender ungepresster Trockenmörtel mit dem herkömmlichen Wasserretentionsmittel, insbesondere der herkömmlichen Methylcellulose, keine Klümpchenbildung zeigt. Within the scope of the invention, it has now surprisingly been found that the water retention aid, in particular the methyl cellulose, is the cause of the formation of lumps and the grain size distribution of the powdered water retention aid, in particular the methyl cellulose, plays a decisive role in the disintegration and dissolving properties. This is particularly surprising because a corresponding unpressed dry mortar with the conventional water retention agent, in particular the conventional methyl cellulose, does not show any formation of lumps.
Üblicherweise wird in Trockenmörteln Methylcellulose mit einem Siebdurchgang von > 90 Gew.-% bei 125 pm (bei Prüfung nach DIN EN 1015-1 Bestimmung der Korngrößenverteilung durch Siebanalyse) eingesetzt. Gröbere Sorten mit einem Siebdurchgang < 75 Gew.-% oder sogar < 50 Gew.-% bei 125 pm fanden bisher keine Anwendung in einem pulverförmigen Trocken mörtel. Methyl cellulose with a sieving content of >90% by weight at 125 μm (when tested according to DIN EN 1015-1 determination of the particle size distribution by sieve analysis) is usually used in dry mortars. Coarse grades with a sieving <75% by weight or even <50% by weight at 125 μm have not previously been used in a powdery dry mortar.
Zur Vermeidung der Klümpchenbildung enthält der erfindungsgemäße T rocken- mörtelformkörper eine Trockenmörtelmischung mit zumindest einem groben Wasserretentionsmittel, bevorzugt einer groben Methylcellulose, mit einer Korngröße von mindestens 50 % gröber 175 pm, bevorzugt mindestens 50 % gröber 230 pm, bestimmt mittels Lasergranulometrie gemäß ISO 13320:2009. Das Wasserretentionsmittel sollte allerdings auch nicht zu grob sein, da ansonsten das Erhärtungsverhalten des Frischmörtels beeinflusst wird und die Festigkeit des Festmörtels sinkt. Das Wasserretentionsmittel weist somit vorzugsweise eine maximale Korngröße von höchstens 1000 pm, bevorzugt höchstens 800 pm, bestimmt mittels Lasergranulometrie gemäß ISO 13320:2009 auf. To avoid the formation of lumps, the dry mortar molding according to the invention contains a dry mortar mixture with at least one coarse water retention agent, preferably a coarse methyl cellulose, with a grain size of at least 50% coarser 175 μm, preferably at least 50% coarser 230 μm, determined by laser granulometry according to ISO 13320: 2009 However, the water retention agent should not be too coarse either, otherwise the hardening behavior of the fresh mortar will be influenced and the strength of the hardened mortar decreases. The water retention aid thus preferably has a maximum particle size of at most 1000 μm, preferably at most 800 μm, determined by means of laser granulometry in accordance with ISO 13320:2009.
Vorzugsweise weist das Wasserretentionsmittel Kornverteilungen mit folgenden dx- Werten auf, jeweils bestimmt mittels Lasergranulometrie gemäß ISO 13320:2009: und/oder The water retention aid preferably has particle size distributions with the following dx values, determined in each case by means of laser granulometry in accordance with ISO 13320:2009: and or
Die einzelnen, in den beiden obigen Tabellen angegebenen Werte bzw. Wertebereiche sind alle beliebig miteinander kombinierbar. The individual values or value ranges specified in the two tables above can all be combined with one another as desired.
Der dx-Wert gibt dabei den Anteil x [VoL-%] der Körner an, die kleiner als der angegebene Wert sind, dgo = 200 pm, bedeutet somit, dass 90 Vol.-% der Körner kleiner oder gleich 200 pm sind und 10 Vol.-% der Körner größer 200 pm sind. Bestimmt wird die Korngrößenverteilung mittels Lasergranulometrie gemäß ISO 13320:2009. The dx value indicates the proportion x [% by volume] of the grains that are smaller than the specified value, dgo = 200 pm, meaning that 90% by volume of the grains are smaller than or equal to 200 pm and 10 % by volume of the grains are greater than 200 μm. The grain size distribution is determined using laser granulometry in accordance with ISO 13320:2009.
Das Wasserretentionsmittel weist dabei vorzugsweise eine stetige Kornverteilung auf. The water retention aid preferably has a constant particle size distribution.
Beispielhafte Kornverteilungskurven (Summenkurven) von erfindungsgemäßen groben Methylcellulosen (MC 4-9) und nicht erfindungsgemäßen, feinen Methylcellulosen (MC 1-3) sind in Figur 1 dargestellt. Es ist zu erkennen, dass die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Methylcellulosen bereits einen deutlich höheren dw-Wert aufweisen als die herkömmlichen Methylcellulosen. In der Figur 1 zeigen Kurven mit durchgezogener Linie Kornverteilungen geeigneter Methylcellulosen. Kurven mit gepunkteten Linien zeigen ungeeignete Methylcellulosen. Den Grenzfall markiert die Kurve mit der gestrichelten Linie. Exemplary particle size distribution curves (cumulative curves) of coarse methylcelluloses according to the invention (MC 4-9) and fine methylcelluloses not according to the invention (MC 1-3) are shown in FIG. It can be seen that the Methyl celluloses used according to the invention already have a significantly higher dw value than conventional methyl celluloses. In FIG. 1, curves with a solid line show particle size distributions of suitable methylcelluloses. Curves with dotted lines show unsuitable methylcelluloses. The curve with the dashed line marks the limiting case.
Bei dem groben Wasserretentionsmittel kann es sich auch um ein anderes Wasserretentionsmittel als Methylcellulose, z.B. Guarkernmehl und/oder Stärke, insbesondere Hydroxypropylstärke, handeln. Das oder die anderen Wasserretentionsmittel ist/sind vorzugsweise dann in Kombination mit Methylcellulose enthalten. Besonders bevorzugt aber, wie bereits erläutert, ist als Wasserretentionsmittel ausschließlich Methylcellulose enthalten. Für die anderen groben Wasserretentionsmittel gelten ebenfalls jeweils die oben angegebenen Anforderungen bezüglich der Korngrößenverteilungen. The coarse water retention agent can also be a water retention agent other than methylcellulose, e.g., guar gum and/or starch, especially hydroxypropyl starch. The other water retention agent(s) is/are preferably contained in combination with methyl cellulose. However, as already explained, it is particularly preferred that only methyl cellulose is present as the water retention agent. The requirements specified above with regard to particle size distribution also apply to the other coarse water retention aids.
Zudem ist vorzugsweise ausschließlich grobes Wasserretentionsmittel enthalten. In addition, preferably only coarse water retention agent is present.
Bei der Methylcellulose handelt es sich vorzugsweise um reine Methylcellulose (MC) oder Methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC) oder Methylhydroxypropylcellulose (MHPC) oder Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) oder Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The methyl cellulose is preferably pure methyl cellulose (MC) or methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC) or methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (MHPC) or hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).
Des Weiteren weist der Trockenmörtelformkörper zudem insgesamt vorzugsweise 0,05 bis 0,7 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 0,1 bis 0,6 Gew.-%, Wasserretentionsmittel, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der Trockenmörtelmischung auf. Furthermore, the dry mortar molding also has a total of preferably 0.05 to 0.7% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 0.6% by weight, of water retention aids, based on the dry mass of the dry mortar mixture.
Bei dem Bindemittel handelt es sich vorzugsweise um Zement nach DIN EN 197-1 , wie z.B. Portlandzement (CEM I) und/oder Hochofenzement (CEM III), und/oder um einen Tonerdezement und/oder Gips und/oder Kalk und/oder ein puzzolanisches Bindemittel, bevorzugt Flugasche und/oder Trass, und/oder ein latent hydraulisches Bindemittel, bevorzugt Hüttensand. Vorzugsweise weist der Trockenmörtelformkörper zudem insgesamt 5 bis 70 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 10 bis 45 Gew.-%, Bindemittel, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der Trockenmörtelmischung auf. The binder is preferably cement according to DIN EN 197-1, such as Portland cement (CEM I) and/or blast furnace cement (CEM III), and/or an alumina cement and/or gypsum and/or lime and/or a pozzolanic binder, preferably fly ash and/or trass, and/or a latently hydraulic binder, preferably slag sand. In addition, the dry mortar shaped body preferably has a total of 5 to 70% by weight, preferably 10 to 45% by weight, of binder, based on the dry mass of the dry mortar mixture.
Der Mörtelzuschlagstoff der erfindungsgemäßen Trockenmörtelmischung weist vorzugsweise eine Korngröße von < 4 mm auf. The mortar aggregate of the dry mortar mixture according to the invention preferably has a grain size of <4 mm.
Vorzugsweise weist der Trockenmörtelformkörper zudem insgesamt 30 bis 90 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 55 bis 85 Gew.-%, Mörtelzuschlagstoff, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der Trockenmörtelmischung auf. In addition, the dry mortar shaped body preferably has a total of 30 to 90% by weight, preferably 55 to 85% by weight, of mortar aggregate, based on the dry mass of the dry mortar mixture.
Bei dem Mörtelzuschlagstoff handelt es sich zudem vorzugsweise um einen Normalzuschlag, bevorzugt eine normale Gesteinskörnung bzw. einen mineralischen Zuschlag. Normalzuschläge weisen eine Rohdichte von 2.200 bis 3.200 kg/m3 auf. The mortar aggregate is also preferably a normal aggregate, preferably normal aggregate or a mineral aggregate. Normal aggregates have a bulk density of 2,200 to 3,200 kg/m 3 .
Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei der normalen Gesteinskörnung um Kalksteinbrechsand und/oder Dolomitsteinbrechsand und/oder andere gebrochene Gesteinskörnungen und/oder Quarzsand. The normal aggregate is preferably crushed limestone sand and/or crushed dolomite sand and/or other crushed aggregate and/or quartz sand.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung somit einen Trockenmörtelformkörper, bestehend aus einer gepressten Trockenmörtelmischung aufweisend In a preferred embodiment, the invention thus relates to a dry mortar shaped body consisting of a pressed dry mortar mixture
- 5 bis 70 Gew.-% zumindest eines mineralischen, vorzugsweise hydraulischen, Bindemittels, vorzugsweise Portlandzement und/oder andere Zemente entsprechend EN 197 und/oder ungenormte Zemente wie z.B. Calcium-Sulfo-Aluminat- oder Tonerdezement und/oder Kalk und/oder Gips, - 5 to 70% by weight of at least one mineral, preferably hydraulic, binder, preferably Portland cement and/or other cements in accordance with EN 197 and/or non-standard cements such as calcium sulfo-aluminate or alumina cement and/or lime and/or gypsum ,
- 30 bis 90 Gew.-% zumindest eines Mörtelzuschlagstoffs, und - 30 to 90% by weight of at least one mortar aggregate, and
0,05 bis 0,7 Gew.-% zumindest eines organischen Wasserretentionsmittels, vorzugsweise Methylcellulose. Des Weiteren weist die Trockenmörtelmischung vorzugsweise zumindest einen mineralischen Leichtzuschlagstoff bzw. eine leichte Gesteinskörnung auf. Leichtzuschlagstoffe weisen eine Rohdichte von < 2.200 kg/m3 auf. In der DIN EN 13055 werden Zuschläge mit einer Rohdichte bis maximal 2.000 kg/m3 als „leichte Gesteinskörnungen“ definiert. In der Praxis werden allerdings Leichtzuschläge verwendet, die deutlich unter diesem Wert liegen, wie zum Beispiel Blähton mit einer Rohdichte von 700 kg/m3. Die porösen Leichtzuschlagstoffe dienen in an sich bekannterWeise als Presshilfsmittel, indem sie den Pressdruck verteilen. Denn die Leichtzuschlagkörner werden beim Pressen zumindest teilweise zerdrückt und verdrängt und verteilen dadurch denn Pressdruck auch auf die feineren Bestandteile der Trockenmörtelmischung und verdichten so auch die feineren Bestandteile. Die Wirkungsweise der Leichtzuschläge ist im Detail in der deutschen Patentanmeldung DE 10 2009 057 710 A1 beschrieben, auf die hiermit vollumfänglich Bezug genommen wird. 0.05 to 0.7% by weight of at least one organic water retention aid, preferably methyl cellulose. Furthermore, the dry mortar mixture preferably has at least one lightweight mineral aggregate or aggregate. Lightweight aggregates have a bulk density of < 2,200 kg/ m3 . In DIN EN 13055, aggregates with a gross density of up to 2,000 kg/m 3 are defined as "light aggregate". In practice, however, lightweight aggregates are used that are well below this value, such as expanded clay with a bulk density of 700 kg/m 3 . The porous lightweight aggregates serve in a manner known per se as a pressing aid by distributing the pressing pressure. Because the lightweight aggregate grains are at least partially crushed and displaced during pressing and thus distribute the pressing pressure to the finer components of the dry mortar mixture and thus also compress the finer components. The mode of action of the lightweight aggregates is described in detail in German patent application DE 10 2009 057 710 A1, to which reference is hereby made in its entirety.
Vorzugsweise weist der Trockenmörtelformkörper insgesamt 1 bis 50 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 2 bis 30 Gew.-%, Leichtzuschlagstoff, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der Trockenmörtelmischung auf. The dry mortar molding preferably has a total of 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 2 to 30% by weight, of lightweight aggregate, based on the dry mass of the dry mortar mixture.
Der poröse Leichtzuschlagstoff weist vorzugsweise eine relativ geringe Korndruckfestigkeit zwischen 2 und 65 kN, insbesondere zwischen 2 und 30 kN auf, gemessen nach DIN EN 13055:2016-11 „Leichte Gesteinskörnungen“ (Zylinderverfahren). The porous lightweight aggregate preferably has a relatively low grain compressive strength of between 2 and 65 kN, in particular between 2 and 30 kN, measured according to DIN EN 13055:2016-11 "Light aggregates" (cylinder method).
Bei dem porösen mineralischen Leichtzuschlagstoff handelt es sich vorzugsweise um Granulat aus Calciumsilikathydrat-Phasen (CSH-Phasen), bevorzugt aus hydrothermal gehärtetem Porenbeton oder vergleichbarem Leichtzuschlag und/oder hydrothermal gehärtetem Schaumbeton, und/oder um expandierten Perlit und/oder expandierten Vermiculit und/oder Bims und/oder Blähton. The porous mineral lightweight aggregate is preferably granules of calcium silicate hydrate phases (CSH phases), preferably hydrothermally hardened aerated concrete or comparable lightweight aggregate and/or hydrothermally hardened foam concrete, and/or expanded perlite and/or expanded vermiculite and/or pumice and/or expanded clay.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung somit einen Trockenmörtelformkörper, bestehend aus einer gepressten Trockenmörtelmischung aufweisend In a preferred embodiment, the invention thus relates to a dry mortar shaped body consisting of a pressed dry mortar mixture
5 bis 70 Gew.-% zumindest eines mineralischen, vorzugsweise hydraulischen, Bindemittels, vorzugsweise Portlandzement und/oder andere Zemente entsprechend EN 197 und/oder ungenormte Zemente wie z.B. Calcium-Sulfo-Aluminat- oder Tonerdezement und/oder Kalk und/oder Gips, 5 to 70% by weight of at least one mineral, preferably hydraulic, binder, preferably Portland cement and/or others Cements according to EN 197 and/or non-standard cements such as calcium sulfo-aluminate or alumina cement and/or lime and/or gypsum,
- 30 bis 90 Gew.-% zumindest eines Mörtelzuschlagstoffs, - 30 to 90% by weight of at least one mortar aggregate,
- 1 bis 50 Gew.-%, eines Leichtzuschlagstoffs, - 1 to 50% by weight of a lightweight aggregate,
- vorzugsweise ein durch Wasserzugabe aktivierbares Sprengmittel,- preferably a disintegrant that can be activated by adding water,
- vorzugsweise zumindest einen Zusatzstoff, - preferably at least one additive,
- 0,05 bis 0,7 Gew.-% zumindest eines organischen Wasserretentionsmittels, vorzugsweise Methylcellulose, und - 0.05 to 0.7% by weight of at least one organic water retention agent, preferably methylcellulose, and
- vorzugsweise zumindest ein weiteres Zusatzmittel. - preferably at least one further additive.
Bei dem durch Wasser aktivierbaren Sprengmittel bzw. Zerfallsmittel handelt es sich vorzugsweise um ein Mittel, welches bei Zugabe von Wasser auf ein Vielfaches seines Ursprungsvolumens expandiert. Das Sprengmittel ist in der Trockenmörtelmischung verteilt. Das Sprengmittel unterstützt den Zerfall des Trockenmörtelformkörpers somit dadurch, dass es bei Wasserzugabe expandiert und dadurch den Trockenmörtelformkörper sprengt. The water-activatable disintegrating agent or disintegrating agent is preferably an agent which expands to a multiple of its original volume when water is added. The explosive is distributed in the dry mortar mixture. The disintegrating agent thus supports the disintegration of the dry mortar shaped body in that it expands when water is added and thereby bursts the dry mortar shaped body.
Es kann sich aber auch um ein Mittel handeln, welches bei Zugabe von Wasser im alkalischen Milieu Gas bildet und somit den Trockenmörtelformkörper auftreibt und dadurch sprengt. However, it can also be an agent which, when water is added in an alkaline environment, forms gas and thus buoys up the dry mortar shaped body and thereby bursts it.
Vorzugsweise weist der Trockenmörtelformkörper insgesamt 0,05 bis 10,0 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 0,1 bis 5,0 Gew.-%, Sprengmittel, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der Trockenmörtelmischung auf. The dry mortar molding preferably has a total of 0.05 to 10.0% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, of disintegrant, based on the dry mass of the dry mortar mixture.
Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei dem Sprengmittel zudem um Branntkalk und/oder gebrannten Dolomit und/oder Bentonit und/oder Aluminium und/oder Stärke und/oder Cellulose-Derivate wie z.B. Carboxymethylcellulose. The disintegrating agent is also preferably quicklime and/or burnt dolomite and/or bentonite and/or aluminum and/or starch and/or cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethylcellulose.
Branntkalk und gebrannter Dolomit löschen bekanntlich mit Wasser sehr schnell und heftig unter Temperaturerhöhung zu Hydrat ab mit einer erheblichen Volumenvergrößerung, die bei der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung sprengend wirkt. Das Hydrat kann im erfindungsgemäßen Trockenmörtel zudem als Bindemittel wirken und die Geschmeidigkeit des Frischmörtels verbessern. Quicklime and burnt dolomite are known to quench with water very quickly and violently with an increase in temperature to hydrate with a significant increase in volume, which is explosive when used according to the invention works. The hydrate can also act as a binder in the dry mortar according to the invention and improve the suppleness of the fresh mortar.
Bentonit weist bekanntermaßen als wichtigsten Bestandteil Montmorillonit auf, was seine starke Wasseraufnahme- und Quellfähigkeit erklärt, die bei der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung ebenfalls sprengend wirkt. As is known, bentonite has montmorillonite as the most important component, which explains its high water absorption and swelling capacity, which also has an explosive effect when used according to the invention.
Aluminium reagiert in einem alkalischen Milieu heftig und sehr schnell mit Ca(OH)2 unter Gasbildung und stellt somit ebenfalls ein Sprengmittel dar. Die Reaktion von Aluminiumpulver mit Ca(OH)2 ist z. B. aus der Porenbetonherstellung bekannt. In an alkaline medium, aluminum reacts violently and very quickly with Ca(OH)2, forming gas, and is therefore also an explosive. The reaction of aluminum powder with Ca(OH)2 is e. B. known from the production of aerated concrete.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung somit einen Trockenmörtelformkörper, bestehend aus einer gepressten Trockenmörtelmischung aufweisend In a preferred embodiment, the invention thus relates to a dry mortar shaped body consisting of a pressed dry mortar mixture
- 5 bis 70 Gew.-% zumindest eines mineralischen, vorzugsweise hydraulischen, Bindemittels, vorzugsweise Portlandzement und/oder andere Zemente entsprechend EN 197 und/oder ungenormte Zemente wie z.B. Calcium-Sulfo-Aluminat- oder Tonerdezement und/oder Kalk und/oder Gips, - 5 to 70% by weight of at least one mineral, preferably hydraulic, binder, preferably Portland cement and/or other cements in accordance with EN 197 and/or non-standard cements such as calcium sulfo-aluminate or alumina cement and/or lime and/or gypsum ,
- 30 bis 90 Gew.-% zumindest eines Mörtelzuschlagstoffs, - 30 to 90% by weight of at least one mortar aggregate,
- 0,05 bis 10 Gew.% eines durch Wasserzugabe aktivierbaren Sprengmittels, und - 0.05 to 10% by weight of a disintegrant which can be activated by the addition of water, and
- 0,05 bis 0,7 Gew.-% zumindest eines organischen Wasserretentionsmittels, vorzugsweise Methylcellulose. - 0.05 to 0.7% by weight of at least one organic water retention agent, preferably methylcellulose.
Die gepresste Trockenmörtelmischung dieser Ausführungsform kann weiterhin 1 bis 50 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 2 bis 30 Gew.-%, Leichtzuschlagstoff enthalten. The pressed dry mortar mixture of this embodiment can also contain 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 2 to 30% by weight, of lightweight aggregate.
Bei dem Zusatzstoff handelt es sich vorzugsweise um Gesteinsmehl, wie z.B. Kalksteinmehl und/oder Quarzmehl, also einen inerten Zusatzstoff. Vorzugsweise weist der Trockenmörtelformkörper zudem insgesamt 0 bis 25 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 2 bis 20 Gew.-%, inerten Zusatzstoff, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der Trockenmörtelmischung auf. The additive is preferably powdered rock, such as powdered limestone and/or powdered quartz, ie an inert additive. In addition, the dry mortar shaped body preferably has a total of 0 to 25% by weight, preferably 2 to 20% by weight, of inert additive, based on the dry mass of the dry mortar mixture.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung somit einen Trockenmörtelformkörper, bestehend aus einer gepressten Trockenmörtelmischung aufweisend In a preferred embodiment, the invention thus relates to a dry mortar shaped body consisting of a pressed dry mortar mixture
- 5 bis 70 Gew.-% zumindest eines mineralischen, vorzugsweise hydraulischen, Bindemittels, vorzugsweise Portlandzement und/oder andere Zemente entsprechend EN 197 und/oder ungenormte Zemente wie z.B. Calcium-Sulfo-Aluminat- oder Tonerdezement und/oder Kalk und/oder Gips, - 5 to 70% by weight of at least one mineral, preferably hydraulic, binder, preferably Portland cement and/or other cements in accordance with EN 197 and/or non-standard cements such as calcium sulfo-aluminate or alumina cement and/or lime and/or gypsum ,
- 30 bis 90 Gew.-% zumindest eines Mörtelzuschlagstoffs, - 30 to 90% by weight of at least one mortar aggregate,
- 0,05 bis 10 Gew.% eines durch Wasserzugabe aktivierbaren Sprengmittels, - 0.05 to 10% by weight of a disintegrant that can be activated by adding water,
- 0 bis 25 Gew.-% zumindest eines Zusatzstoffs, und - 0 to 25% by weight of at least one additive, and
- 0,05 bis 0,7 Gew.-% zumindest eines organischen Wasserretentionsmittels, vorzugsweise Methylcellulose. - 0.05 to 0.7% by weight of at least one organic water retention agent, preferably methylcellulose.
Die gepresste Trockenmörtelmischung dieser Ausführungsform kann weiterhin 1 bis 50 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 2 bis 30 Gew.-%, Leichtzuschlagstoff enthalten. The pressed dry mortar mixture of this embodiment can also contain 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 2 to 30% by weight, of lightweight aggregate.
Bei dem von dem Wasserretentionsmittel verschiedenen, weiteren Zusatzmittel handelt es sich vorzugsweise um Abbinderegler und/oder Erstarrungsregler und/oder Redispersionspulver und/oder Entschäumer und/oder Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder andere bauchemische Produkte. The other additives other than the water retention agent are preferably setting regulators and/or setting regulators and/or redispersion powder and/or defoamers and/or hydrophobing agents and/or other construction chemical products.
Vorzugsweise weist der Trockenmörtelformkörper zudem insgesamt 0 bis 8,0 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 0,1 bis 5,0 Gew.-%, weiteres Zusatzmittel, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der Trockenmörtelmischung auf. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung somit einen Trockenmörtelformkörper, bestehend aus einer gepressten Trockenmörtelmischung aufweisend In addition, the dry mortar shaped body preferably has a total of 0 to 8.0% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, of further additives, based on the dry mass of the dry mortar mixture. In a preferred embodiment, the invention thus relates to a dry mortar shaped body consisting of a pressed dry mortar mixture
- 5 bis 70 Gew.-% zumindest eines mineralischen, vorzugsweise hydraulischen, Bindemittels, vorzugsweise Portlandzement und/oder andere Zemente entsprechend EN 197 und/oder ungenormte Zemente wie z.B. Calcium-Sulfo-Aluminat- oder Tonerdezement und/oder Kalk und/oder Gips, - 5 to 70% by weight of at least one mineral, preferably hydraulic, binder, preferably Portland cement and/or other cements in accordance with EN 197 and/or non-standard cements such as calcium sulfo-aluminate or alumina cement and/or lime and/or gypsum ,
- 30 bis 90 Gew.-% zumindest eines Mörtelzuschlagstoffs, - 30 to 90% by weight of at least one mortar aggregate,
- 0,05 bis 10 Gew.% eines durch Wasserzugabe aktivierbaren Sprengmittels, - 0.05 to 10% by weight of a disintegrant that can be activated by adding water,
- 0 bis 25 Gew.-% zumindest eines Zusatzstoffs, - 0 to 25% by weight of at least one additive,
- 0,05 bis 0,7 Gew.-% zumindest eines organischen Wasserretentionsmittels, vorzugsweise Methylcellulose, und - 0.05 to 0.7% by weight of at least one organic water retention agent, preferably methylcellulose, and
- 0 bis 8 Gew.-% zumindest eines weiteren Zusatzmittels. - 0 to 8% by weight of at least one further additive.
Die gepresste Trockenmörtelmischung dieser Ausführungsform kann weiterhin 1 bis 50 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 2 bis 30 Gew.-%, Leichtzuschlagstoff enthalten. The pressed dry mortar mixture of this embodiment can also contain 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 2 to 30% by weight, of lightweight aggregate.
Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Trockenmörtelformkörper erfolgt in an sich bekannter Weise durch Herstellen der Trockenmörtelmischung und Pressen der Trockenmörtelmischung zu dem Trockenmörtelformkörper. Vorzugsweise beträgt der Pressdruck dabei 6 bis 12 N/mm2, bevorzugt 7 bis 10 N/mm2. Bei Verwendung von Doppelwalzenpressen berechnet sich dieser aus der Anpresskraft dividiert durch Walzendurchmesser und Walzenbreite. The dry mortar moldings according to the invention are produced in a manner known per se by producing the dry mortar mixture and pressing the dry mortar mixture to form the dry mortar molding. The pressing pressure is preferably 6 to 12 N/mm 2 , preferably 7 to 10 N/mm 2 . When using double roller presses, this is calculated from the contact pressure divided by the roller diameter and roller width.
Des Weiteren erfolgt das Pressen vorzugsweise bei einer Temperatur des Presslings von 0 bis 80 °C, bevorzugt 5 bis 60 °C. Furthermore, the pressing is preferably carried out at a compact temperature of 0 to 80 °C, preferably 5 to 60 °C.
Vorzugsweise wird dabei ein Trockenmörtelformkörper mit einem Formkörpervolumen zwischen 4 und 40 cm3, insbesondere zwischen 6 und 30 cm3, hergestellt. Bevorzugt werden zudem mandel- oder kissenförmige Trockenmörtelformkörper hergestellt. A dry mortar molding with a molding volume of between 4 and 40 cm 3 , in particular between 6 and 30 cm 3 , is preferably produced. In addition, almond or cushion-shaped dry mortar moldings are preferably produced.
Die gepressten Trockenmörtelformkörper weisen zudem vorzugsweise eine Rohdichte von 2 bis 2,5 kg/m3, bevorzugt von 2,1 bis 2,4 kg/m3, auf. Bestimmt wurde die Rohdichte mit dem Messgerät Geopyc des Herstellers Micromeritcs. Das genannte GeoPyc bestimmt automatisch das Volumen und die Dichte eines festen Objekts durch Verdrängung eines inerten Pulvers, das aus kleinen, starren Kugeln mit einem hohen Grad an Fließfähigkeit besteht. Die Briketts werden in das Pulver gebettet, das anschließend um die Probe gerührt und sanft verfestigt wird. Durch die hohe Fließfähigkeit des Pulvers wird eine enge Packung um das zu untersuchende Objekt herum erreicht. Die Partikel sind so klein, dass sie sich bei der Konsolidierung eng an die Oberfläche des Objekts anpassen, jedoch nicht in den Porenraum eindringen. Der GeoPyc sammelt die Verdrängungsdaten und errechnet die Rohdichte., Die Presslinge zeigen einen mechanischen Widerstand, bestimmt im Fall- oder Shatter-Test (5-faches Stürzen von 10 Presslingen in PVC- oder PE-Röhre mit Länge von 710 mm und Durchmesser von 63 mm und anschließendes Sieben mit 12,5 mm Maschenweite) von vorzugsweise < 30 M.-% bevorzugt < 20 M.-% Durchgang auf. The pressed dry mortar moldings also preferably have a bulk density of 2 to 2.5 kg/m 3 , preferably 2.1 to 2.4 kg/m 3 . The raw density was determined using the Geopyc measuring device from the manufacturer Micromeritcs. Said GeoPyc automatically determines the volume and density of a solid object by displacing an inert powder composed of small, rigid spheres with a high degree of fluidity. The briquettes are embedded in the powder, which is then stirred around the sample and gently solidified. Due to the high flowability of the powder, a tight packing around the object to be examined is achieved. The particles are so small that they fit closely to the surface of the object during consolidation, but do not penetrate into the pore space. The GeoPyc collects the displacement data and calculates the raw density., The compacts show a mechanical resistance, determined in the drop or shatter test (5 times falling of 10 compacts into a PVC or PE tube with a length of 710 mm and a diameter of 63 mm and subsequent sieving with a mesh size of 12.5 mm) of preferably <30% by mass, preferably <20% by mass.
Mehrere hergestellte Trockenmörtelformkörper werden anschließend in einer entsprechenden Verpackung, insbesondere einem Kunststoffsack oder Papiersack oder einem Bigbag, oder einem Kunststoffeimer oder einer Kartonbox zu einem Gebinde zusammengefasst. A plurality of dry mortar moldings produced are then combined into a container in a suitable packaging, in particular a plastic sack or paper sack or a big bag, or a plastic bucket or a cardboard box.
Alternativ dazu werden die hergestellten, unzerkleinerten, insbesondere ungebrochenen, Trockenmörtelformkörper mechanisch zu Granulatkörnern zerkleinert, insbesondere gebrochen, und die zerkleinerten Trockenmörtelformkörper entsprechend zu dem Gebinde zusammengefasst. As an alternative to this, the produced, uncomminuted, in particular unbroken, dry mortar moldings are mechanically comminuted, in particular broken, into granules, and the comminuted dry mortar moldings are combined accordingly to form the container.
Ausführungsbeispiele: Aus den in den nachstehenden Tabellen 1 , 2 und 3 angegebenen Rohstoffen wurde zunächst jeweils eine Trockenmörtelmischung hergestellt und die Trockenmörtelmischung zu mandelförmigen Briketts gepresst. Das Pressen erfolgte in einer Pressmaschine Hosokawa MS75 mit einer An presskraft von 440 kN. Es wurden mandelförmige Briketts mit einem Volumen von 8 cm3 hergestellt. Die Eigenschaften der hergestellten, unzerkleinerten Briketts sind in Tabelle 4 angegeben: Examples: A dry mortar mixture was first produced from the raw materials specified in Tables 1, 2 and 3 below and the dry mortar mixture was pressed to form almond-shaped briquettes. The pressing took place in a Hosokawa MS75 pressing machine with a pressing force of 440 kN. Almond-shaped briquettes with a volume of 8 cm 3 were produced. The properties of the produced, uncrushed briquettes are given in Table 4:
Tabelle 1 : Rohstoffe für Ausführungsbeispiel 1 Tabelle 2: Rohstoffe für Ausführungsbeispiel 2 Table 1: Raw materials for example 1 Table 2: Raw materials for example 2
Tabelle 3: Rohstoffe für Ausführungsbeispiel 3 Tabelle 4: Eigenschaften der gemäß der Ausführungsbeispiele 1 bis 3 hergestellten Briketts Table 3: Raw materials for example 3 Table 4: Properties of the briquettes produced according to Examples 1 to 3
Die Briketts der Ausführungsbeispiele bzw. mit den dort genannten Methylcellulosen lösten sich bei Wasserzugabe (w/f-Wert=0,4) ohne Klumpenbildung auf und ließen sich problemlos zu Frischmörtel verarbeiten. Die Kornverteilung der jeweiligen Methylcellulose ist entsprechend der in den Ausführungsbeispielen genannten Nummer (Angaben in Klammern hinter dem Namen des Herstellers) Kornverteilungsdiagramm zu entnehmen. The briquettes of the exemplary embodiments or with the methyl celluloses mentioned there dissolved when water was added (w/f value=0.4) without the formation of lumps and could be processed into fresh mortar without any problems. The particle size distribution of the respective methyl cellulose can be found in the particle size distribution diagram corresponding to the number given in the exemplary embodiments (information in brackets after the name of the manufacturer).
Claims
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| DE102021127464.8A DE102021127464A1 (en) | 2021-10-22 | 2021-10-22 | Pressed dry mortar molding, container containing several such dry mortar moldings and method for producing the dry mortar molding |
| DE102021127464.8 | 2021-10-22 |
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| DE102009061053A1 (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2011-06-16 | Fels-Werke Gmbh | Pressed dry mortar mold body comprises a mineral binder, a demolition means, a porous, relatively brittle, dry lightweight aggregate granule, a pressing aid, a mineral aggregate, and a further mineral |
| US8685158B2 (en) | 2010-03-15 | 2014-04-01 | Ciments Francais | Water retention agent for cementitious compositions and cementitious compositions containing same |
| DE102011014975A1 (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2012-10-11 | Fels-Werke Gmbh | Containers and their use for the production of mineral hydrous fresh mortars |
| US20150203404A1 (en) | 2012-07-10 | 2015-07-23 | Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V. | Powder Mixture And Process To Make Dry Mortar |
| WO2014043168A2 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-03-20 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Dry-mix compositions comprising gypsum and cellulose ether agglomerates |
| WO2021103222A1 (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-06-03 | 中国建筑标准设计研究院有限公司 | Re-dissolvable mortar consolidation, preparation method therefor, mortar product, and applications |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4419489A1 (en) | 2024-08-28 |
| DE102021127464A1 (en) | 2023-04-27 |
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