WO2023055029A1 - 멀티 링크를 사용하는 무선 통신 방법 및 이를 사용하는 무선 통신 단말 - Google Patents
멀티 링크를 사용하는 무선 통신 방법 및 이를 사용하는 무선 통신 단말 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023055029A1 WO2023055029A1 PCT/KR2022/014441 KR2022014441W WO2023055029A1 WO 2023055029 A1 WO2023055029 A1 WO 2023055029A1 KR 2022014441 W KR2022014441 W KR 2022014441W WO 2023055029 A1 WO2023055029 A1 WO 2023055029A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/0252—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control per individual bearer or channel
- H04W28/0263—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control per individual bearer or channel involving mapping traffic to individual bearers or channels, e.g. traffic flow template [TFT]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
- H04L47/2483—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS involving identification of individual flows
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/14—Multichannel or multilink protocols
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/28—Timers or timing mechanisms used in protocols
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
- H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is leader and terminal is follower
- H04W52/0216—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is leader and terminal is follower using a pre-established activity schedule, e.g. traffic indication frame
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
- H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
- H04W52/0229—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/10—Connection setup
- H04W76/11—Allocation or use of connection identifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/10—Connection setup
- H04W76/15—Setup of multiple wireless link connections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
- H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wireless communication method using multi-links and a wireless communication terminal using the same.
- Wireless LAN technology is a technology that allows mobile devices such as smart phones, smart pads, laptop computers, portable multimedia players, and embedded devices to wirelessly access the Internet at home, businesses, or specific service areas based on wireless communication technology in a short distance. am.
- IEEE 802.11b supports a communication speed of up to 11 Mbps while using a frequency of the 2.4 GHz band.
- IEEE 802.11a which was commercialized after IEEE 802.11b, uses a frequency of the 5GHz band rather than the 2.4GHz band, reducing the effect of interference compared to the frequency of the significantly congested 2.4GHz band, and using OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) technology. communication speed up to 54 Mbps.
- IEEE 802.11a has a short communication distance compared to IEEE 802.11b.
- IEEE 802.11g like IEEE 802.11b, uses a frequency of 2.4 GHz band to realize a communication speed of up to 54 Mbps, and has received considerable attention because it satisfies backward compatibility. have the upper hand
- IEEE 802.11n As a technical standard established to overcome the limitation of communication speed, which has been pointed out as a weakness in the wireless LAN. IEEE 802.11n aims to increase the speed and reliability of networks and extend the operating distance of wireless networks. More specifically, IEEE 802.11n supports High Throughput (HT) with a data processing rate of up to 540 Mbps or more, and also uses multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to minimize transmission errors and optimize data rates. It is based on Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs (MIMO) technology. In addition, this standard can use a coding scheme that transmits multiple redundant copies to increase data reliability.
- HT High Throughput
- MIMO Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs
- IEEE 802.11ac supports a wide bandwidth (80 MHz to 160 MHz) at a frequency of 5 GHz.
- the IEEE 802.11ac standard is defined only in the 5GHz band, but early 11ac chipsets will support operation in the 2.4GHz band for backward compatibility with existing 2.4GHz band products.
- the wireless LAN speed of multiple stations can be at least 1 Gbps and the maximum single link speed can be at least 500 Mbps.
- IEEE 802.11ad is a transmission standard that provides a speed of up to 7 Gbps using beamforming technology, and is suitable for high-bitrate video streaming such as large amounts of data or uncompressed HD video.
- the 60 GHz frequency band has a disadvantage in that it is difficult to pass through obstacles and can only be used between devices in a short distance.
- the IEEE 802.11ax High Efficiency WLAN, HEW
- HEW High Efficiency WLAN
- IEEE 802.11be Extremely High Throughput, EHT
- EHT Extremely High Throughput
- An object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a wireless communication method using multi-link and a wireless communication terminal using the same.
- a non-access point (AP) multi-link device operating in a first link and a second link includes a transceiver unit; and a processor.
- the processor receives a beacon frame or a probe response frame from an AP multi-link device operating on the first link and the second link, and the beacon frame or the probe response frame indicates the TID-to-Link mapping. It is possible to determine traffic identifiers (TIDs) mapped to the first link and the second link, and perform transmission on the first link or the second link according to the TIDs mapped to the first link and the second link. there is.
- TIDs traffic identifiers
- the non-AP multi-link device may not be allowed for the non-AP multi-link device to reject the TID-to-Link mapping indicated by the beacon frame or the probe response frame.
- the TID-to-Link mapping indicated by the beacon frame or the probe response frame may include deactivating the first link.
- the TID-to-Link mapping information is transmitted to the second link. It can indicate that all TIDs subject to to-Link mapping are mapped.
- all TIDs that are targets of the TID-to-Link mapping may be mapped to the first link.
- NAVSyncDelay-based channel access restriction may be applied to the station of the non-AP multi-link device.
- the value of the Neighbor AP TBTT offset subfield of the target beacon transmission time (TBTT) Information field corresponding to the first link in the reduced neighbor report (RNR) element transmitted on the second link is may be 255.
- the first link may not be a primary link through which the AP multi-link device transmits a beacon frame.
- the processor may discard TID-to-Link mapping established through TID-to-Link mapping negotiation on the first link and the second link before receiving the beacon frame or the probe response frame.
- an access point (AP) multi-link device operating in a first link and a second link includes a transceiver; and a processor.
- the processor is a beacon frame or probe indicating traffic identifier (TID)-to-Link mapping of the first link and the second link to non-AP multi-link devices operating in the first link and the second link.
- TID traffic identifier
- the non-AP multi-link device may not be allowed to reject the TID-to-Link mapping indicated by the beacon frame or the probe response frame.
- the TID-to-Link mapping indicated by the beacon frame or the probe response frame may include deactivating the first link.
- the TID-to-Link mapping information is transmitted to the second link. It can indicate that all TIDs subject to to-Link mapping are mapped.
- all TIDs that are targets of the TID-to-Link mapping may be mapped to the first link.
- the AP of the AP multi-link device operating on the first link may enter a power saving state.
- channel access restriction based on NAVSyncDelay may be applied to the station of the AP multi-link device.
- the processor sets an RNR (reduced neighbor report) element.
- the first link may not be a primary link through which the AP multi-link device transmits a beacon frame.
- a method for operating a non-AP (access point) multi-link device operating in a first link and a second link is a beacon from an AP multi-link device operating in the first link and the second link.
- receiving a frame or a probe response frame determining traffic identifiers (TIDs) mapped to the first link and the second link according to TID-to-Link mapping indicated by the beacon frame or the probe response frame; and performing transmission on the first link or the second link according to the TIDs mapped to the first link and the second link.
- TIDs traffic identifiers
- a method of operating an access point (AP) multi-link device operating in a first link and a second link includes, for non-AP multi-link devices operating in the first link and the second link, the Transmitting a beacon frame or a probe response frame indicating traffic identifier (TID)-to-Link mapping of the first link and the second link; and performing transmission on the first link or the second link according to the TIDs mapped to the first link and the second link.
- AP access point
- TID traffic identifier
- An embodiment of the present invention provides a wireless communication method using multi-links efficiently and a wireless communication terminal using the same.
- FIG. 1 shows a WLAN system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a wireless LAN system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG 3 shows the configuration of a station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG 4 shows the configuration of an access point according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a process in which a station establishes a link with an access point.
- CSMA carrier sense multiple access
- CA collision avoidance
- PPDU 7 illustrates an example of a PLCP Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) format for each standard generation.
- EHT Extremely High Throughput
- PPDU Physical Protocol Data Unit
- FIG. 9 shows a multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG 11 shows the operation of a multi-link device when a link is changed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 shows an operation of canceling channel access prohibition when a station of a non-STR multi-link device confirms that an intended recipient of a PPDU received is not a station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 15 shows an operation in which a station performs transmission after canceling channel access prohibition according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 16 shows transmission performed based on the state of a station in a non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 shows an operation in which an STR multi-link device stops transmission to a non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 shows processing of the value of CW when an STR multi-link device recognizes a transmission collision between links according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 shows an operation of performing channel access again after an STR multi-link device stops transmission to a non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 shows an operation in which a STR multi-link device transmits a CTS-to-Self frame prior to transmission to a non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 shows that a plurality of APs included in an STR multi-link device perform transmission to a plurality of stations included in one non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a plurality of APs included in an STR multi-link device performs a plurality of transmissions in which the termination of transmission is synchronized to a plurality of stations included in one non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 shows a hidden node problem occurring in the RTS/CTS frame exchange procedure according to the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 24 .
- 26 shows that multi-link devices exchange RTS/CTS frames according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 27 shows that a multi-link device transmits a response to a control frame as an exception even when channel access is prohibited according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- 29 shows that a control frame is transmitted through a link in which a station whose channel access is not prohibited operates, rather than a link in which a station whose channel access is prohibited operates according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 shows that a multi-link device transmits an ACK according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 31 shows an element field indicating information about sync PPDU reception support or transmission support according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 35 shows that channel access of a station out of a blind state is restricted according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 38 shows that channel access is not restricted when a station out of a blind state satisfies a certain condition according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- 39 shows an Operation element including information about a channel access time limit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 40 shows that a station performs simultaneous transmission with another station of a non-STR multi-link device including the station in a channel access restriction period according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 41 shows that a station performs simultaneous transmission with another station of a non-STR multi-link device including the station in a channel access restriction period according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- 43 shows that a station performs a medium access recovery procedure according to parameter information received from an AP according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 45 shows that the station continuously resets the MediumSyncDelay timer according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 47 shows a format of signaling information related to deactivation of a second link in a first link in an AP multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 50 shows that a multi-link device performs frame exchange according to TID link mapping according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 52 shows that an AP multi-link device and a non-AP multi-link device change TID-to-Link mapping when any one link is deactivated according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- TID-to-Link mapping is applied to a link that is activated again after an AP multi-link device and a non-AP multi-link device are deactivated when any one link is deactivated according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 55 illustrates an operation of a non-STR mobile AP multi-link device when the primary link is deactivated by the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- fields and subfields may be used interchangeably.
- FIG. 1 shows a WLAN system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a wireless LAN system includes one or more basic service sets (BSS), and the BSS represents a set of devices that can successfully synchronize and communicate with each other.
- BSS basic service sets
- the BSS can be divided into an infrastructure BSS (infrastructure BSS) and an independent BSS (Independent BSS, IBSS), and FIG. 1 shows the infrastructure BSS.
- the infrastructure BSS (BSS1, BSS2) includes one or more stations (STA1, STA2, STA3, STA4, and STA5), an access point (AP-1) that is a station providing a distribution service, , AP-2), and a distribution system (DS) connecting a plurality of access points (AP-1, AP-2).
- BSS1, BSS2 includes one or more stations (STA1, STA2, STA3, STA4, and STA5), an access point (AP-1) that is a station providing a distribution service, , AP-2), and a distribution system (DS) connecting a plurality of access points (AP-1, AP-2).
- a station is an arbitrary device that includes a medium access control (MAC) conforming to the provisions of the IEEE 802.11 standard and a physical layer interface for a wireless medium, and in a broad sense is a non-access point ( It includes both access points (APs) as well as non-AP stations.
- MAC medium access control
- 'terminal' may refer to a non-AP STA or an AP, or may be used as a term indicating both.
- a station for wireless communication includes a processor and a communication unit, and may further include a user interface unit and a display unit according to embodiments.
- the processor may generate a frame to be transmitted through the wireless network or process a frame received through the wireless network, and may perform various other processes for controlling the station.
- the communication unit is functionally connected to the processor and transmits/receives a frame for a station through a wireless network.
- a terminal may be used as a term including a user equipment (UE).
- UE user equipment
- An access point is an entity that provides access to a distribution system (DS) via a wireless medium for stations associated with it. Although it is a principle that communication between non-AP stations in an infrastructure BSS is performed via an AP, direct communication is possible even between non-AP stations when a direct link is established. Meanwhile, in the present invention, an AP is used as a concept including a PCP (Personal BSS Coordination Point), and in a broad sense is a centralized controller, a base station (BS), a Node-B, a BTS (Base Transceiver System), or a site It may include all concepts such as a controller.
- PCP Personal BSS Coordination Point
- the AP may also be referred to as a base wireless communication terminal
- the base wireless communication terminal is a term that includes all of an AP, a base station, an eNodeB (eNB), and a transmission point (TP) in a broad sense.
- the base wireless communication terminal may include various types of wireless communication terminals that allocate communication medium resources and perform scheduling in communication with a plurality of wireless communication terminals.
- a plurality of infrastructure BSSs may be interconnected through a distribution system (DS).
- DS distribution system
- ESS Extended Service Set
- FIG. 2 illustrates an independent BSS that is a WLAN system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- redundant descriptions of parts identical to or corresponding to those of the embodiment of FIG. 1 will be omitted.
- BSS3 shown in FIG. 2 is an independent BSS and does not include an AP, all stations STA6 and STA7 are not connected to the AP.
- An independent BSS is not allowed access to the distribution system and forms a self-contained network.
- each of the stations STA6 and STA7 may be directly connected to each other.
- a station 100 may include a processor 110, a communication unit 120, a user interface unit 140, a display unit 150, and a memory 160.
- the communication unit 120 transmits and receives wireless signals such as wireless LAN packets, and may be built into the station 100 or provided externally.
- the communication unit 120 may include at least one communication module using different frequency bands.
- the communication unit 120 may include communication modules of different frequency bands such as 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, and 60 GHz.
- the station 100 may include a communication module using a frequency band of 7.125 GHz or higher and a communication module using a frequency band of 7.125 GHz or lower.
- Each communication module may perform wireless communication with an AP or an external station according to the wireless LAN standard of the frequency band supported by the corresponding communication module.
- the communication unit 120 may operate only one communication module at a time or simultaneously operate multiple communication modules according to the performance and requirements of the station 100 .
- each communication module may be provided in an independent form, or a plurality of modules may be integrated into a single chip.
- the communication unit 120 may represent an RF communication module that processes a radio frequency (RF) signal.
- RF radio frequency
- the user interface unit 140 includes various types of input/output means provided in the station 100 . That is, the user interface unit 140 may receive user input using various input means, and the processor 110 may control the station 100 based on the received user input. In addition, the user interface unit 140 may perform output based on the command of the processor 110 using various output means.
- the display unit 150 outputs an image on the display screen.
- the display unit 150 may output various display objects such as content executed by the processor 110 or a user interface based on a control command of the processor 110 .
- the memory 160 stores control programs used in the station 100 and various data corresponding thereto.
- Such a control program may include an access program necessary for the station 100 to access an AP or an external station.
- the processor 110 of the present invention may execute various commands or programs and process data inside the station 100 .
- the processor 110 may control each unit of the above-described station 100 and may control data transmission and reception between the units.
- the processor 110 may execute a program for accessing an AP stored in the memory 160 and receive a communication setting message transmitted by the AP.
- the processor 110 may read information about the priority condition of the station 100 included in the communication establishment message and request access to the AP based on the information about the priority condition of the station 100 .
- the processor 110 of the present invention may refer to the main control unit of the station 100, and may refer to a control unit for individually controlling some components of the station 100, such as the communication unit 120, according to embodiments.
- the processor 110 may be a modem or a modulator and/or demodulator for modulating and demodulating a radio signal transmitted and received from the communication unit 120 .
- the processor 110 controls various operations of transmitting and receiving radio signals of the station 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. A specific embodiment for this will be described later.
- the station 100 shown in FIG. 3 is a block diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the separately displayed blocks logically distinguish the elements of the device. Accordingly, the elements of the device described above may be mounted as one chip or as a plurality of chips according to the design of the device. For example, the processor 110 and the communication unit 120 may be integrated into one chip or implemented as a separate chip. Also, in the embodiment of the present invention, some components of the station 100, such as the user interface unit 140 and the display unit 150, may be selectively provided in the station 100.
- the AP 200 may include a processor 210, a communication unit 220, and a memory 260.
- the AP 200 in FIG. 4 redundant descriptions of components identical to or corresponding to those of the station 100 in FIG. 3 will be omitted.
- the AP 200 includes a communication unit 220 for operating a BSS in at least one frequency band.
- the communication unit 220 of the AP 200 may also include a plurality of communication modules using different frequency bands. That is, the AP 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention may include two or more communication modules among different frequency bands, for example, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, and 60 GHz.
- the AP 200 may include a communication module using a frequency band of 7.125 GHz or higher and a communication module using a frequency band of 7.125 GHz or lower.
- Each communication module may perform wireless communication with a station according to a wireless LAN standard of a frequency band supported by the corresponding communication module.
- the communication unit 220 may operate only one communication module at a time or simultaneously operate multiple communication modules according to the performance and requirements of the AP 200 .
- the communication unit 220 may represent an RF communication module that processes a Radio Frequency (RF) signal.
- RF Radio Frequency
- the memory 260 stores a control program used in the AP 200 and various data corresponding thereto.
- a control program may include an access program that manages access of stations.
- the processor 210 may control each unit of the AP 200 and control data transmission and reception between the units.
- the processor 210 may execute a program for connection with a station stored in the memory 260 and transmit a communication setting message for one or more stations.
- the communication setting message may include information about priority conditions for connection of each station.
- the processor 210 performs connection setup according to the connection request of the station.
- the processor 210 may be a modem or a modulator and/or demodulator for modulating and demodulating a radio signal transmitted and received from the communication unit 220 .
- the processor 210 controls various operations of transmitting and receiving radio signals of the AP 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention. A specific embodiment for this will be described later.
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a process in which a station establishes a link with an access point.
- the scanning step is a step in which the STA 100 acquires access information of the BSS operated by the AP 200.
- a passive scanning method in which information is obtained by utilizing only a beacon message (S101) transmitted periodically by the AP 200, and a probe request by the STA 100 to the AP
- an active scanning method for obtaining access information by transmitting a probe request (S103) and receiving a probe response from an AP (S105).
- the STA 100 that has successfully received the radio access information in the scanning step transmits an authentication request (S107a), receives an authentication response from the AP 200 (S107b), and performs the authentication step do.
- the STA 100 transmits an association request (S109a), receives an association response from the AP 200 (S109b), and performs the association step.
- association basically means wireless association, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and association in a broad sense may include both wireless association and wired association.
- the authentication server 300 is a server that processes the STA 100 and 802.1X-based authentication, and may exist physically coupled to the AP 200 or may exist as a separate server.
- CSMA carrier sense multiple access
- CA collision avoidance
- a terminal performing wireless LAN communication checks whether a channel is busy by performing carrier sensing before transmitting data. If a radio signal of a certain strength or higher is detected, the corresponding channel is determined to be busy, and the terminal delays access to the corresponding channel. This process is called clear channel assessment (CCA), and a level for determining whether a corresponding signal is detected is called a CCA threshold. If a radio signal of a CCA threshold or higher received by a terminal makes the corresponding terminal a receiver, the terminal processes the received radio signal. Meanwhile, when no radio signal is detected in the corresponding channel or a radio signal having an intensity less than the CCA threshold is detected, the channel is determined to be in an idle state.
- CCA clear channel assessment
- each terminal with data to be transmitted performs a backoff procedure after a time such as IFS (Inter Frame Space), such as AIFS (Arbitration IFS) or PIFS (PCF IFS) according to the situation of each terminal. do.
- IFS Inter Frame Space
- AIFS Aribitration IFS
- PCF IFS PIFS
- the AIFS may be used as a configuration that replaces the existing DIFS (DCF IFS).
- DCF IFS DIFS
- Each terminal waits while decreasing the slot time as much as the random number determined for the corresponding terminal during the interval of the idle state of the channel, and the terminal that exhausts the slot time attempts access to the corresponding channel. do. In this way, a period in which each terminal performs a backoff procedure is referred to as a contention window period.
- the random number may be referred to as a backoff counter. That is, the initial value of the backoff counter is set by an integer that is a random number obtained by the terminal.
- the terminal may decrease the backoff counter by 1. Also, when the backoff counter reaches 0, the terminal may be allowed to perform channel access on the corresponding channel. Therefore, when the channel is idle during the AIFS time and the slot time of the backoff counter, transmission of the terminal may be allowed.
- a specific terminal successfully accesses the channel, the corresponding terminal can transmit data through the channel.
- each collided terminal receives a new random number and performs a backoff procedure again.
- a random number newly allocated to each terminal may be determined within a range (2*CW) twice the range (contention window, CW) of a random number previously allocated to the corresponding terminal.
- each terminal attempts access by performing the backoff procedure again in the next contention window period, and at this time, each terminal performs the backoff procedure from the remaining slot time in the previous contention window period. In this way, each terminal performing wireless LAN communication can avoid collision with each other on a specific channel.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a PLCP Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) format for each standard generation. More specifically, FIG. 7(a) illustrates an embodiment of a legacy PPDU format based on 802.11a/g, FIG. 7(b) illustrates an embodiment of an HE PPDU format based on 802.11ax, and FIG. 7(c) illustrates an embodiment of a HE PPDU format based on 802.11ax. Illustrates an embodiment of a non-legacy PPDU (ie, EHT PPDU) format based on 802.11be. In addition, FIG. 7(d) shows detailed field configurations of L-SIG and RL-SIG commonly used in the PPDU formats.
- PPDU PLCP Protocol Data Unit
- the preamble of the legacy PPDU includes a legacy short training field (L-STF), a legacy long training field (L-LTF), and a legacy signal field (L-SIG).
- L-STF legacy short training field
- L-LTF legacy long training field
- L-SIG legacy signal field
- the L-STF, L-LTF and L-SIG may be referred to as a legacy preamble.
- the preamble of the HE PPDU includes a repeated legacy short training field (RL-SIG), a high efficiency signal A field (HE-SIG-A), and a high efficiency signal (HE-SIG-B) in the legacy preamble.
- B field HE-STF (High Efficiency Short Training field), and HE-LTF (High Efficiency Long Training field) are additionally included.
- the RL-SIG, HE-SIG-A, HE-SIG-B, HE-STF, and HE-LTF may be referred to as HE preambles.
- a specific configuration of the HE preamble may be modified according to the HE PPDU format. For example, HE-SIG-B can be used only in the HE MU PPDU format.
- the preamble of the EHT PPDU includes a repeated legacy short training field (RL-SIG), a universal signal field (U-SIG), and an extremely high throughput signal A field (EHT-SIG-A) in the legacy preamble.
- EHT-SIG-A Extremely High Throughput Signal B field
- EHT-STF Extremely High Throughput Short Training field
- EHT-LTF Extra High Throughput Long Training field
- the RL-SIG, EHT-SIG-A, EHT-SIG-B, EHT-STF, and EHT-LTF may be referred to as EHT preambles.
- a specific configuration of the non-legacy preamble may be modified according to the EHT PPDU format. For example, EHT-SIG-A and EHT-SIG-B may be used only in some of the EHT PPDU formats.
- L-SIG includes an L_RATE field and an L_LENGTH field.
- the L_RATE field consists of 4 bits and indicates the MCS used for data transmission.
- the L_RATE field is a combination of modulation schemes such as BPSK/QPSK/16-QAM/64-QAM and inefficiencies such as 1/2, 2/3, and 3/4. It represents one of the transmission rates of 36/48/54 Mbps.
- Combining the information of the L_RATE field and the L_LENGTH field can indicate the total length of the corresponding PPDU.
- the L_RATE field is set to the minimum rate of 6 Mbps.
- the unit of the L_LENGTH field is a byte, and a total of 12 bits are allocated to signal up to 4095, and the length of the corresponding PPDU can be indicated in combination with the L_RATE field.
- the legacy terminal and the non-legacy terminal may interpret the L_LENGTH field in different ways.
- a method for interpreting the length of a corresponding PPDU by a legacy terminal or a non-legacy terminal using the L_LENGTH field is as follows.
- 3 bytes ie, 24 bits
- 4us which is one symbol duration of 64FFT.
- the number of 64FFT reference symbols after L-SIG is obtained by adding 3 bytes corresponding to the SVC field and the Tail field to the value of the L_LENGTH field and dividing it by 3 bytes, which is the transmission amount of one symbol.
- the length of the PPDU that is, the reception time (RXTIME) is obtained by multiplying the number of obtained symbols by 4us, which is one symbol duration, and then adding 20us required for L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG transmission. If this is expressed as a formula, it is as shown in Equation 1 below.
- the length of the PPDU can be set up to 5.484 ms.
- a non-legacy terminal transmitting the corresponding PPDU must set the L_LENGTH field as shown in Equation 2 below.
- TXTIME is the total transmission time constituting the corresponding PPDU, as shown in Equation 3 below. At this time, TX represents the transmission time of X.
- the U-SIG Universal SIG
- EHT PPDUs and WLAN PPDUs of subsequent generations and serves to distinguish which generation PPDUs, including 11be, belong to.
- U-SIG is a 64FFT-based OFDM 2 symbol and can deliver a total of 52 bits of information. Among them, 43 bits, excluding 9 bits of CRC/Tail, are largely divided into a VI (Version Independent) field and a VD (Version Dependent) field.
- the VI bit maintains the current bit configuration in the future, so even if a PPDU of a subsequent generation is defined, the current 11be terminals can obtain information about the PPDU through the VI fields of the PPDU.
- the VI field consists of PHY version, UL/DL, BSS Color, TXOP, and Reserved fields.
- the PHY version field is 3 bits and serves to sequentially classify 11be and subsequent generation wireless LAN standards into versions. In the case of 11be, it has a value of 000b.
- the UL/DL field identifies whether the corresponding PPDU is an uplink/downlink PPDU.
- BSS Color means an identifier for each BSS defined in 11ax and has a value of 6 bits or more.
- TXOP means the Transmit Opportunity Duration that was delivered in the MAC header. By adding it to the PHY header, the length of the TXOP containing the PPDU can be inferred without the need to decode the MPDU and has a value of 7 bits or more.
- the VD field is signaling information useful only for the PPDU of the 11be version, and may consist of fields commonly used in any PPDU format, such as PPDU format and BW, and fields differently defined for each PPDU format.
- the PPDU format is a separator that distinguishes EHT SU (Single User), EHT MU (Multiple User), EHT TB (Trigger-based), and EHT ER (Extended Range) PPDU.
- the BW field consists of five basic PPDU BW options of 20, 40, 80, 160 (80 + 80), and 320 (160 + 160) MHz (the BW that can be expressed in the exponential form of 20 * 2 can be called the basic BW.
- the punctured and modified channel shape may be signaled directly in the BW field or signaled using the BW field and a field appearing after the BW field (eg, a field in the EHT-SIG field) together. If the BW field is 3 bits, a total of 8 BWs can be signaled, so only 3 can be signaled in the puncturing mode. If the BW field is set to 4 bits, since a total of 16 BW signaling is possible, a maximum of 11 BWs can be signaled in the puncturing mode.
- the field located after the BW field depends on the type and format of the PPDU, and the MU PPDU and SU PPDU can be signaled in the same PPDU format.
- a field for distinguishing the MU PPDU and SU PPDU is located before the EHT-SIG field. It can be done, and additional signaling for this can be performed.
- Both the SU PPDU and the MU PPDU include the EHT-SIG field, but some fields not required in the SU PPDU may be compressed. In this case, the information of the compressed field may be omitted or may have a size reduced from the size of the original field included in the MU PPDU. For example, in the case of the SU PPDU, a common field of the EHT-SIG may be omitted or replaced, or a user specific field may be replaced or reduced to one.
- the SU PPDU may further include a compression field indicating whether to compress or not, and some fields (eg, an RA field) may be omitted depending on the value of the compression field.
- a compression field indicating whether to compress or not
- some fields eg, an RA field
- the EHT-SIG field of the SU PPDU When part of the EHT-SIG field of the SU PPDU is compressed, information to be included in the compressed field may be signaled together in an uncompressed field (eg, common field, etc.).
- the EHT-SIG field since it is a PPDU format for simultaneous reception by multiple users, the EHT-SIG field must necessarily be transmitted after the U-SIG field, and the amount of signaled information can be variable. That is, since a plurality of MU PPDUs are transmitted to a plurality of STAs, each STA must recognize the location of the RU to which the MU PPDU is transmitted, the STA to which each RU is assigned, and whether the transmitted MU PPDU has been transmitted to itself.
- the AP must include the above information in the EHT-SIG field and transmit it.
- the U-SIG field signals information for efficiently transmitting the EHT-SIG field, which may be the number of symbols of the EHT-SIG field and/or MCS, which is a modulation method.
- the EHT-SIG field may include size and location information of an RU allocated to each user.
- the AP may include and transmit information on punctured RUs among RUs allocated to the STA in the SU PPDU (eg, a puncturing pattern of the RUs). That is, in the case of the SU PPDU, the puncturing mode field including information indicating whether the puncturing mode is applied and the puncturing pattern in a bitmap format may be included in the EHT-SIG field. The shape of the discontinuous channel may be signaled.
- the type of the signaled discontinuous channel is limited, and indicates the BW of the SU PPDU and information about the discontinuous channel in combination with the value of the BW field.
- the STA can recognize the bandwidth allocated to it through the BW field included in the PPDU, and the U-SIG field or EHT-SIG field included in the PPDU A punctured resource among allocated bandwidths can be recognized through the puncturing mode field of .
- the terminal can receive the PPDU in the remaining resource units except for the specific channel of the punctured resource unit.
- the plurality of RUs allocated to the STA may be configured in different frequency bands or tones.
- the reason why only a limited type of discontinuous channel type is signaled is to reduce the signaling overhead of the SU PPDU. Since puncturing can be performed for each 20 MHz subchannel, if puncturing is performed on a BW that has multiple 20 MHz subchannels, such as 80, 160, and 320 MHz, in the case of 320 MHz, the remaining 20 MHz subchannels except for the primary channel
- the type of discontinuous channel (when only the edge 20 MHz is punctured is regarded as discontinuous) must be signaled by expressing whether or not 15 are used. As such, allocating 15 bits to signal the discontinuous channel type of single user transmission may act as an excessively large signaling overhead considering the low transmission rate of the signaling part.
- the present invention proposes a method for signaling the form of a discontinuous channel of an SU PPDU, and shows the form of the form of a form of a form of a non-contiguous channel determined according to the proposed method.
- a method for signaling each of the primary 160 MHz and secondary 160 MHz puncturing types in the 320 MHz BW configuration of the SU PPDU, we propose a method for signaling each of the primary 160 MHz and secondary 160 MHz puncturing types.
- an embodiment of the present invention proposes a technique of changing the configuration of PPDUs indicated by preamble puncturing BW values according to the PPDU format signaled in the PPDU Format field.
- the length of the BW field is 4 bits
- 1 symbol of EHT-SIG-A is additionally signaled after U-SIG or EHT-SIG-A is not signaled at all. Therefore, in consideration of this, it is necessary to signal up to 11 puncturing modes completely through only the BW field of the U-SIG.
- EHT MU PPDU since the EHT-SIG-B is additionally signaled after the U-SIG, up to 11 puncturing modes can be signaled in a different way from the SU PPDU.
- EHT ER PPDU it is possible to signal whether the PPDU uses the 20 MHz or 10 MHz band by setting the BW field to 1 bit.
- SIG-B which is a signaling field for simultaneous reception by multiple users, is essential, and SIG-B can be transmitted without a separate SIG-A after U-SIG.
- U-SIG needs to signal information for decoding SIG-B.
- EHT Extremely High Throughput
- PPDU Physical Protocol Data Unit
- a PPDU may consist of a preamble and a data part, and the format of one type of EHT PPDU may be distinguished according to the U-SIG field included in the preamble. Specifically, whether the format of the PPDU is the EHT PPDU may be indicated based on the PPDU format field included in the U-SIG field.
- the EHT SU PPDU is a PPDU used for single user (SU) transmission between an AP and a single STA, and an EHT-SIG-A field for additional signaling may be located after the U-SIG field.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of an EHT Trigger-based PPDU format, which is an EHT PPDU transmitted based on a trigger frame.
- the EHT trigger-based PPDU is an EHT PPDU transmitted based on a trigger frame and is an uplink PPDU used for a response to the trigger frame.
- the EHT-SIG-A field is not located after the U-SIG field.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of an EHT MU PPDU format that is an EHT PPDU for multiple users.
- the EHT MU PPDU is a PPDU used to transmit a PPDU to one or more STAs.
- the HE-SIG-B field may be located after the U-SIG field.
- EHT ER SU PPDU shows an example of an EHT ER SU PPDU format used for single user transmission with an STA in an extended range.
- the EHT ER SU PPDU can be used for single-user transmission with STAs in a wider range than the EHT SU PPDU described in (a) of FIG. 8, and the U-SIG field can be repeatedly located on the time axis.
- the EHT MU PPDU described in (c) of FIG. 8 can be used by an AP for downlink transmission to a plurality of STAs.
- the EHT MU PPDU may include scheduling information so that a plurality of STAs can simultaneously receive the PPDU transmitted from the AP.
- the EHT MU PPDU may deliver AID information of a receiver and/or sender of the PPDU transmitted through a user specific field of the EHT-SIG-B to the STA. Accordingly, a plurality of terminals receiving the EHT MU PPDU may perform a spatial reuse operation based on the AID information of the user specific field included in the preamble of the received PPDU.
- the resource unit allocation (RA) field of the HE-SIG-B field included in the HE MU PPDU is a configuration of resource units in a specific bandwidth (eg, 20 MHz, etc.) of the frequency axis (eg, , a division type of a resource unit) may be included. That is, the RA field may indicate the configuration of resource units divided in the bandwidth for transmission of the HE MU PPDU in order for the STA to receive the PPDU.
- Information on the STA allocated (or designated) to each divided resource unit may be included in a user specific field of the EHT-SIG-B and transmitted to the STA. That is, the user specific field may include one or more user fields corresponding to each divided resource unit.
- a user field corresponding to at least one resource unit used for data transmission among a plurality of divided resource units may include an AID of a receiver or sender, and the remaining resource units not performed for data transmission ( s) may include a preset null STA ID.
- a frame or a MAC frame may be used interchangeably with an MPDU.
- the link is a physical path and may be composed of one radio medium that can be used to transmit a MAC service data unit (MSDU).
- MSDU MAC service data unit
- the wireless communication device can continue to perform communication through the other link. In this way, the wireless communication device can effectively use a plurality of channels.
- a wireless communication device simultaneously performs communication using a plurality of links, overall throughput can be increased.
- FIGS. 9 to 26 it is specified on the premise that one wireless communication device uses one link. Therefore, there is a need for a WLAN operating method for using a plurality of links.
- FIG. 9 shows a multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a multi-link device may refer to a device that has one or more affiliated stations.
- a multi-link device may represent a device having two or more affiliated stations.
- multi-link devices can exchange multi-link elements.
- the multi-link element includes information about one or more stations or one or more links.
- the multi-link element may include a multi-link setup element to be described later.
- the multi-link device may be a logical entity.
- a multi-link device may have a plurality of affiliated stations.
- a multi-link device may be referred to as a multi-link logical entity (MLLE) or a multi-link entity (MLE).
- MLE multi-link logical entity
- a multi-link device may have one MAC service access point (medium access control service access point, SAP) up to logical link control (LLC).
- SAP medium access control service access point
- LLC logical link control
- MLD may have one MAC data service.
- a plurality of stations included in a multi-link device may operate in a plurality of links. Also, a plurality of stations included in the multi-link device may operate in a plurality of channels. Specifically, a plurality of stations included in a multi-link device may operate in a plurality of different links or a plurality of channels different from each other. For example, a plurality of stations included in a multi-link device may operate in a plurality of different channels of 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz.
- the operation of the multi-link device may be referred to as multi-link operation, MLD operation, or multi-band operation.
- MLD operation multi-link operation
- AP MLD station associated with a far-link device
- non-AP MLD non-AP MLD
- the AP MLD includes a first AP (AP1), a second AP (AP2), and a third AP (AP3).
- the non-AP MLD includes a first non-AP STA (non-AP STA1), a second non-AP STA (non-AP STA2), and a third non-AP STA (non-AP STA3).
- a first AP (AP1) and a first non-AP STA (non-AP STA1) communicate through a first link (Link1).
- the second AP (AP2) and the second non-AP STA (non-AP STA2) communicate through a second link (Link2).
- a third AP (AP3) and a third non-AP STA (non-AP STA3) communicate through a third link (Link3).
- the multi-link operation may include a multi-link setup operation.
- Multi-link setup corresponds to the association operation of the single-link operation described above, and may have to be preceded for frame exchange in multi-link.
- the multi-link device can acquire information necessary for multi-link setup from the multi-link setup element.
- the multi-link setup element may include capability information related to multi-link.
- the capability information may include information indicating whether any one of a plurality of devices included in the multi-link device can perform transmission and another device can perform reception at the same time.
- the capability information may include information about a link that each station included in the MLD can use.
- the capability information may include information about a channel that each station included in the MLD can use.
- Multi-link configuration may be established through negotiation between peer stations. Specifically, multi-link configuration may be performed through communication between stations without communication with an AP. Also, multi-link configuration may be configured through any one link. For example, even when first to third links are configured through multiple links, multi-link configuration can be performed through the first link.
- mapping between a traffic identifier (TID) and a link may be established. Specifically, a frame corresponding to a TID of a specific value can be exchanged only through a pre-designated link. Mapping between TIDs and links may be set on a directional-based basis. For example, when a plurality of links are established between a first multi-link device and a second multi-link device, the first multi-link device is configured to transmit a frame of a first TID to a first link of a plurality of links, and the second multi-link device The device may be configured to transmit frames with a second TID on the first link.
- there may be default settings in the mapping between TID and link Specifically, if there is no additional setting in the multi-link configuration, the multi-link device may exchange frames corresponding to the TID in each link according to the default configuration. At this time, the basic setting may be that all TIDs are exchanged in any one link.
- TID is an ID that classifies traffic and data to support quality of service (QoS).
- QoS quality of service
- the TID may be used or allocated in a layer higher than the MAC layer.
- the TID may indicate a traffic category (TC) and a traffic stream (TS).
- TC traffic category
- TS traffic stream
- 16 TIDs can be distinguished.
- the TID may be designated as one of 0 to 15.
- a different TID value may be specified according to an access policy, a channel access method, or a medium access method. For example, when enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) or hybrid coordination function contention based channel access (HCAF) is used, values of TID from 0 to 7 may be allocated.
- EDCA enhanced distributed channel access
- HCAF hybrid coordination function contention based channel access
- UP user priority
- UP may be designated according to TC or TS.
- UP may be allocated in a higher layer than MAC.
- HCF controlled channel access (HCCA) or SPCA values of TID from 8 to 15 may be allocated.
- TID may indicate TSID.
- HEMM or SEMM when HEMM or SEMM is used, TID values may be assigned from 8 to 15.
- TID may indicate TSID.
- AC may be a label for providing QoS in EDCA.
- AC may be a label for indicating an EDCA parameter set.
- An EDCA parameter or EDCA parameter set is a parameter used in channel contention of EDCA.
- the QoS station can guarantee QoS using AC.
- AC may include AC_BK, AC_BE, AC_VI, and AC_VO.
- Each of AC_BK, AC_BE, AC_VI, and AC_VO may represent background, best effort, video, and voice.
- AC_BK, AC_BE, AC_VI, and AC_VO can be classified as lower ACs.
- AC_VI can be subdivided into AC_VI primary and AC_VI alternate.
- AC_VO can be subdivided into AC_VO primary and AC_VO alternate.
- UP or TID may be mapped to AC.
- each of 1, 2, 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of UP or TID may be mapped to each of AC_BK, AC_BK, AC_BE, AC_BE, AC_VI, AC_VI, AC_VO, and AC_VO.
- each of 1, 2, 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of the UP or TID may be mapped to AC_BK, AC_BK, AC_BE, AC_BE, AC_VI alternate, AC_VI primary, AC_VO primary, and AC_VO alternate, respectively.
- 1, 2, 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of UP or TID may be sequentially higher in priority.
- each of AC_BK, AC_BE, AC_VI, and AC_VO may correspond to ACI (AC index) 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Due to the characteristics of these TIDs, the mapping between TID and link may represent the mapping between AC and link. Also, the link-to-AC mapping may represent the TID-to-link mapping.
- a TID may be mapped to each of a plurality of links. Mapping may be designating a link through which traffic corresponding to a specific TID or AC can be exchanged. In addition, a TID or AC that can be transmitted for each transmission direction within a link may be designated.
- a default setting may exist in the mapping between TID and link. Specifically, if there is no additional setting in the multi-link configuration, the multi-link device may exchange frames corresponding to the TID in each link according to the default configuration. At this time, the basic setting may be that all TIDs are exchanged in any one link. At any point in time, any TID or AC may be mapped with at least one link. Management frames and control frames can be transmitted on any link.
- a link When a link is mapped to a TID or AC, only data frames corresponding to the TID or AC mapped to the link can be transmitted on the corresponding link. Accordingly, when a link is mapped to a TID or AC, frames that do not correspond to the TID or AC that are not mapped to the link cannot be transmitted.
- an ACK may also be transmitted based on the link to which the TID or AC is mapped. For example, a block ACK agreement may be determined based on a mapping between a TID and a link. In another specific embodiment, mapping between TID and link may be determined based on a block ACK agreement. Specifically, a block ACK agreement may be established for a TID mapped to a specific link.
- TID and link QoS can be guaranteed. Specifically, an AC or TID having a high priority may be mapped to a link in which a relatively small number of stations operate or a channel condition is good. In addition, through the above-described mapping between the TID and the link, the station can be kept in a power saving state for a longer period of time.
- simultaneous operation in multi-link may not be supported. For example, it may not be supported for a multi-link device to simultaneously perform transmission on multiple links, simultaneously perform reception on multiple links, or perform transmission on one link and simultaneously perform reception on another link. This is because reception or transmission performed on one link may affect reception or transmission performed on another link. Specifically, transmission in one link may act as interference in another link. Interference acting on another link from one link of one multi-link device may be referred to as internal leakage. The smaller the frequency spacing between links, the greater the internal leakage can be. If the internal leakage is not too great, when transmission is performed on one link, transmission may be performed on the other link.
- STR simultaneous transmit and receive, simultaneous transmission and reception
- STR may be referred to as a multi-link device performing operations simultaneously on a plurality of links.
- STR means that a multi-link device simultaneously transmits on a plurality of links, transmits on one link and simultaneously performs reception on another link, or simultaneously performs reception on a plurality of links.
- the multi-link device may support STR or may only support it limitedly. Specifically, the multi-link device may support STR only under specific conditions. For example, when a multi-link device operates with a single radio, the multi-link device may not be able to perform STR. Also, when the multi-link device operates with a single antenna, STR of the multi-link device may not be performed. In addition, when internal leakage is detected to a predetermined size or more, the multi-link device may not be able to perform STR.
- a station may exchange information about the station's STR capabilities with other stations. Specifically, the station may exchange with other stations information on whether or not the station's ability to simultaneously perform transmission on a plurality of links or simultaneously perform reception on a plurality of links is limited. Specifically, the information on whether the ability to perform transmission or reception in a plurality of links is limited may indicate whether transmission or reception can be simultaneously performed in a plurality of links, simultaneous transmission, or simultaneous reception. Also, information on whether or not the ability to perform transmission or reception in a plurality of links is limited may be information indicated for each step. Specifically, the information on whether or not the ability to perform transmission or reception in a plurality of links is limited may be information indicating a step indicating the size of internal leakage.
- the information indicating the level of internal leakage may be information indicating the level of interference caused by internal leakage. In another specific embodiment, it may be information indicating a step indicating a frequency interval between links that may have internal leakage effects. Also, the information indicating the level of internal leakage may be information indicating the relationship between the frequency interval between links and the level of internal leakage in each phase.
- the first station STA1 and the second station STA2 are affiliated with one non-AP multi-link device.
- the first AP (AP1) and the second AP (AP2) may be associated with one non-AP multi-link device.
- a first link (link 1) is established between the first AP (AP1) and the first station (STA1)
- a second link (link 2) is established between the second AP (AP2) and the second station (STA2). do.
- the non-AP multi-link device may perform STR in a limited manner.
- the second station (STA2) transmits on the second link (Link 2)
- the reception of the first station (STA1) on the first link (Link 1) is the transmission performed on the second link (Link 2).
- reception of the first station STA1 on the first link (Link 1) may be interrupted by transmission performed on the second link (Link 2).
- the second station (STA2) transmits the first data (Data1)
- the first AP (AP1) sends a response (Ack for Data1) to the first data (Data1) to the first station. (STA1).
- the second station STA2 transmits the second data Data2 on the second link Link2.
- the transmission time of the second data Data2 and the transmission time of the response (Ack for Data1) to the first data Data1 may overlap.
- interference may occur in the first link Link1 due to transmission from the second link Link2 to the second station STA2. Therefore, the first station STA1 may not receive the response Ack for Data1 to the first data Data1.
- Multi-link operation without detailed description may follow the channel access procedure described with reference to FIG. 6 .
- a multi-link device may independently perform channel access in a plurality of links.
- the channel access may be backoff-based channel access.
- the multi-link device may simultaneously start transmission on the plurality of links.
- the multi-link device has a back-off counter reaching 0 as well as a link in which the back-off counter reaches 0.
- Channel access can be performed on other links that are not Specifically, when any one of the backoff counters of a link of the multi-link reaches 0, the multi-link device may perform energy detection on another link whose backoff counter does not reach 0. In this case, when energy equal to or greater than a predetermined level is not sensed, the multi-link device may perform channel access not only in a link whose backoff counter reaches 0, but also in a link in which energy detection is performed. Through this, the multi-link device can simultaneously start transmission on a plurality of links. The size of the threshold used for energy detection may be smaller than the size of the threshold used when determining whether to decrease the backoff counter.
- the multi-link device when determining whether to decrease the backoff counter, can detect any type of signal as well as a WLAN signal. In addition, in the energy detection described above, the multi-link device can detect any type of signal as well as a WLAN signal. Internal leakage may not be detected as a WLAN signal. In this case, the multi-link device may sense a signal detected due to internal leakage as energy detection. Also, as described above, the size of the threshold value used for energy detection may be smaller than the size of the threshold value used when determining whether to decrease the backoff counter. Therefore, even when transmission is being performed in one link, the multi-link device can decrease the backoff counter in the other link.
- the degree of interference between links may be the size of interference detected by another station of the multi-link device when any one station of the multi-link device transmits on any one link.
- the operation of the second station may be limited. Specifically, reception or channel access of the second station may be limited. This is because when interference occurs, the second station may fail to decode a received signal due to the interference. Also, when interference occurs, the second station can determine that the channel is in use when the second station accesses the channel using the backoff.
- the first station and the second station can operate independently. Specifically, when transmission on the first link of the first station of the multi-link device causes interference less than a predetermined size to the second station of the multi-link device operating on the second link, the first station and the second station Channel access can be performed independently. In addition, when transmission in the first link of the first station of the multi-link device causes interference less than a predetermined size to the second station of the multi-link device operating in the second link, the first station and the second station It can transmit or receive independently.
- the second station can successfully decode the received signal even when interference exists. Also, this is because when the second station accesses a channel using a backoff when interference of less than a predetermined level occurs, the second station may determine that the channel is idle.
- the degree of interference between stations of the multi-link device may vary depending on hardware characteristics of the multi-link device as well as intervals between frequency bands of links in which the stations operate. For example, internal interference generated in a multi-link device including a high-priced radio frequency (RF) device may be smaller than internal interference generated in a multi-link device including a low-cost RF device. Accordingly, the degree of interference between stations of the multi-link device may be determined based on the characteristics of the multi-link device.
- RF radio frequency
- the first multi-link device MLD#1 includes a first station STA1-1 operating on a first link Link1 and a second station STA1-1 operating on a second link Link2. 2) include.
- the second multi-link device MLD#2 includes a first station STA2-1 operating on a first link Link1 and a second station STA2-2 operating on a second link Link2.
- the frequency interval between the first link Link1 and the second link Link2 in which the first multi-link device MLD#1 operates and the first link Link1 in which the second multi-link device MLD#2 operates and the frequency interval between the second link (Link2) is the same.
- the size of the interference generated due to the difference between the characteristics of the first multi-link device (MLD#1) and the characteristics of the second multi-link device (MLD#2) is different.
- the magnitude of interference generated in the second multi-link device MLD#2 may be greater than the magnitude of interference generated in the first multi-link device MLD#1.
- the magnitude of interference may vary depending on the characteristics of the multi-link device and that STR support may vary for each multi-link device, information on whether or not STR is supported needs to be exchanged.
- the multi-link device may signal whether a station included in the multi-link device supports STR.
- the AP multi-link device and the non-AP multi-link device may exchange whether or not the AP included in the AP multi-link device supports STR and whether the STA included in the non-AP multi-link device supports STR.
- an element indicating whether STR is supported may be used.
- An element indicating whether STR is supported may be referred to as an STR support element.
- the STR support element may indicate whether or not the station of the multi-link device that has transmitted the STR support element supports STR through 1 bit.
- the STR support element may indicate whether or not each station including the multi-link device transmitting the STR support element supports the STR by 1 bit.
- the bit value when the station supports STR, the bit value may be 1, and when the station does not support STR, the bit value may be 0.
- the multi-link device that transmits the STR support element includes a first station (STA1), a second station (STA2), and a third station (STA3), and the first station (STA1) and the third station (STA3) transmit the STR. If it is supported and the second station (STA2) does not support STR, the STR support element may include a field having 101 1b . Stations operating in different frequency bands are assumed to support STR, and the STR support element may omit signaling of whether or not STR is supported between stations operating in different frequency bands.
- the first station STA1 operates on a first link of 2.4 GHz
- the second station STA2 and the third station STA3 operate on a second link and a third link of 5 GHz, respectively.
- the STR support element may indicate that STR is supported between the second station STA2 and the third station STA3 using 1 bit.
- the STR support element may include only 1 bit when there are two stations signaled by the STR support element.
- a relationship between a link located at 2.4 GHz and a link located at 5 GHz or 6 GHz among links of a multi-link device may always be determined as STR. Accordingly, signaling may be omitted regarding whether or not the STR of a link located at 2.4 GHz and a link located at 5 GHz or 6 GHz is omitted.
- FIG 11 shows the operation of a multi-link device when a link is changed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the STR support element may be exchanged. As described above, this is because whether a station supports STR may vary according to a distance between frequency bands of a link, and when a frequency band of a link changes, whether a station supports STR may change.
- the case where the frequency band of the link is changed may include at least one of a change in the center frequency of the link, a change in the bandwidth of the frequency band, and a 20 MHz primary channel.
- APs and stations may exchange STR support elements through requests and responses.
- STR support elements may be exchanged without a separate request.
- an operating channel of a station may be changed.
- the station of the non-AP multi-link device may request a link change from the AP.
- a station of a non-AP multi-link device may request a change of at least one of a center frequency change, a bandwidth change of a frequency band, and a 20 MHz primary channel.
- the link change request may be transmitted to the AP through the link requesting the change.
- the link change request may be transmitted to the AP through a link that does not request a change.
- the link change request may include information indicating a link requesting a change.
- Information indicating a link may be a number identifying the link.
- link change may be a change of an operating channel within one frequency band.
- the link change may include information on how to change the link.
- the link change request may indicate whether to move the center frequency of the link to a frequency higher than the current center frequency or to move the center frequency of the link to a frequency lower than the current center frequency.
- the link change request may implicitly indicate a change to a frequency band distant from an adjacent link.
- the link change request may indicate reducing the bandwidth of the link.
- the link change request may request a change of the location of the main channel.
- the link change request may represent changing the location of the main channel to a channel of a lower frequency band or a channel of a higher frequency band than the location of the current main channel.
- the AP may change the link according to the link change request. Also, in a specific embodiment, the AP receiving the link change request may ignore the link change request.
- the second station (STA2) and the third station (STA3) of the non-AP multi-link device do not support STR.
- the non-AP multi-link device requests the AP multi-link device to change the third link (Link3).
- the AP multi-link device changes the operating link of the third AP (AP3).
- the third station (STA3) operating on the third link (link3) to be changed may transmit a change request to the third AP (AP3).
- a station that does not operate on the third link (link3) may transmit a change request to an AP that does not operate on the third link (link3).
- the AP may broadcast information about the link change through a beacon frame.
- the link change information may include information about the frequency of the link.
- the information about the frequency of the link may include at least one of a center frequency of the link, an operating bandwidth, and a change in a primary channel.
- the link change information may include information about a link change time point.
- the link change may be completed when a beacon including information about the link change is transmitted.
- the link on which the third station STA3 operates is changed so that the third station STA3 and the second station STA2 can support STR.
- the non-AP multi-link device may signal whether or not the changed STR is supported by transmitting an STR support element to the AP multi-link device.
- STR may not be allowed or STR may not be supported even through link change.
- AP multi-link devices support STR, but non-AP multi-link devices may not support STR. This is because it may be common that a relatively expensive device is used for an AP multi-link device and a relatively inexpensive device is used for a non-AP multi-link device. Therefore, when communicating between multi-link devices, there is a need for a method for performing efficient communication even when one of the multi-link devices does not support STR. In this case, STR may indicate that transmission and reception are simultaneously performed. This will be described with reference to FIG. 12 .
- reception and transmission of the non-STR multi-link device may fail.
- channel access may be prohibited on another link of the non-STR multi-link device.
- backoff of channel access may be prohibited in another link of the non-STR multi-link device.
- channel access prohibition when reception starts on any one link of the non-STR multi-link device, backoff of channel access may be prohibited in another link of the non-STR multi-link device. It can be set through specific bits of memory such as the channel access prohibition flag. Whether or not channel access is prohibited may be shared through the internal memory of the multi-link device. Through this embodiment, channel access prohibition can be implemented without separate frame exchange.
- channel access prohibition used herein indicates prohibition of channel access or transmission to protect transmission or reception of a NON-STR multi-link device unless otherwise specified.
- channel access restriction on the second link due to reception performed on the first link may be released based on when reception on the first link is completed. Specifically, channel access restriction on the second link due to reception performed on the first link may be released when reception on the first link is completed.
- channel access restriction on the second link due to reception performed on the first link may be released based on a time point when an ACK is transmitted after reception is completed on the first link. Specifically, channel access restriction on the second link due to reception performed on the first link may be released at a time when an ACK is transmitted after reception is completed on the first link. In another specific embodiment, in a specific embodiment, channel access restriction in the second link due to reception performed in the first link may be released at the time when the ACK is transmitted after completion of reception in the first link. Also, immediately after channel access prohibition is lifted, the station can directly decrease the backoff counter without additional sensing. In this case, the additional sensing may indicate sensing performed during a DCF Interframe Space (DIFS).
- DIFS DCF Interframe Space
- the station when a channel is idle for a predetermined time right before channel access prohibition is lifted, the station may directly decrease the backoff counter without additional sensing.
- the predetermined time may be any one of PIFS (PCF Interframe Sapce), DIFS, SIFS (Short Interframe Sapce), and AIFS (Arbitration Interframe Space).
- the non-STR multi-link device includes a first station STA1 operating on a first link Link1 and a second station STA2 operating on a second link Link2.
- the second station STA2 transmits on the second link Link2 while the first station STA1 performs reception, interference occurs within the device.
- channel access of the second station STA2 performed on the second link Link2 is prohibited while the first station STA1 operating on the first link Link1 performs reception.
- the channel access prohibition is released.
- the second station STA2 may decrease the previous backoff counter value by 1 from 3 to 2 without additional sensing.
- the drawing utilized in FIG. 12 utilizes a single block (Tx solid line, Rx dotted line) when expressing Rx and Tx, and even if the single block does not show a separate Ack block, Tx / Ack reception, It can be understood as expressing an operation including Rx / Ack transmission. This may be equally applied to the drawings to be described later.
- the station may stop receiving the PPDU. In this case, the channel access prohibition release operation of the multi-link device becomes a problem.
- the intended receiver is used as the same meaning as the destination station.
- FIG. 13 shows an operation of canceling channel access prohibition when a station of a non-STR multi-link device confirms that an intended recipient of a PPDU received is not a station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the station may release the channel access bar.
- the station may determine whether the station is an intended recipient of the PPDU based on information indicating the recipient address of the signaling field of the PPDU.
- the information indicating the recipient address of the signaling field of the PPDU may be the value of the STA-ID field of the EHT-SIG field described above.
- the station may determine whether the STA-ID field of the EHT-SIG field indicates the station.
- the station may determine whether the station is the intended recipient of the PPDU based on the value of the RA field of the MAC frame included in the PPDU.
- the station may determine whether the RA field of the MAC frame included in the PPDU indicates the station.
- the non-STR multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the first station STA1 receives the PPDU.
- the first station STA1 determines that the intended recipient of the received PPDU is not the first station STA1 and stops receiving the PPDU. At this time, the first station STA1 may release the channel access restriction of the second station STA2. Even if the channel access restriction of the second station STA2 is lifted, the channel access of the second station STA2 may be delayed according to the NAV set for the second station STA2.
- a station included in a non-STR multi-link device does not have a channel access opportunity compared to a station not included in the multi-link device or a station included in the STR multi-link device.
- a method for compensating for a channel access opportunity of a station included in a non-STR multi-link device may be required for fair competition with other stations. For example, immediately after releasing the channel access ban, when the station whose channel access ban is released decreases the backoff counter, it may be allowed to decrease the backoff counter by 2 or more. This will be described with reference to FIG. 14 .
- a station whose channel access ban is released may decrease the backoff counter by 2 or more right after the channel access ban is lifted. While the channel access of the station is prohibited, other stations perform a backoff procedure, so that channel access opportunities are equalized with other stations.
- a station for which channel access is prohibited may perform a channel access procedure for reducing CCA (CSMA) and a backoff counter while channel access is prohibited.
- the non-STR multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- STA1 first station
- STA2 second station
- FIG. 14 channel access of the second station STA2 is prohibited while the first station STA1 performs reception.
- the second station STA2 may perform a channel access procedure for reducing the CCA (CSMA) and backoff counter.
- FIG. 14(a) while channel access of the second station STA2 is prohibited, since the channel of the second link Link 2 is idle, the second station STA2 decreases the backoff counter.
- a station whose channel access is prohibited may delay transmission without starting transmission even if the backoff counter reaches zero while channel access is prohibited. At this time, the station may maintain the value of the backoff counter as 0. Also, even if the station delays transmission, the station can maintain the value of CW as it is. Therefore, it is differentiated from a station doubling the value of CW because the channel accessed by the station is busy. This is because the reason why transmission is delayed is not when it is determined that the channel is in use. While the channel access of the second station STA2 is prohibited in FIG. 14 (b), the second station STA2 may perform a channel access procedure for reducing the CCA (CSMA) and backoff counter.
- CSMA CCA
- the second station STA2 decreases the backoff counter. While channel access of the second station STA2 is prohibited, the backoff counter of the second station STA2 reaches zero. The second station STA2 delays transmission and starts transmission after the channel access prohibition is lifted.
- channel access prohibition may include prohibiting transmission to the second station when the first station of the non-STR multi-link device transmits.
- channel access prohibition may include prohibiting transmission of the second station when the first station of the non-STR multi-link device performs reception.
- 15 shows an operation in which a station performs transmission after canceling channel access prohibition according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- transmission may be performed on a first link among a plurality of links in which a non-STR multi-link device operates, and transmission may be prohibited on a second link.
- transmission in the first link is completed, transmission in the second link may start with RTS/CTS frame exchange.
- the non-STR multi-link device may start exchanging RTS/CTS frames on a second link.
- the station may start exchanging a request to send/clear to send (RTS/CTS) frame before starting the delayed transmission.
- a station whose transmission is delayed due to channel access prohibition transmits an RTS frame before starting delayed transmission.
- the station starts delayed transmission after receiving the CTS frame in response to the RTS frame.
- the station may transmit a frame including only a part of the delayed transmission.
- the station may transmit an untransmitted part of the delayed transmission. If the station does not receive a response to a frame containing only part of the delayed transmission, the station may not transmit the untransmitted part of the delayed transmission. In this way, the reason why the station starts the RTS/CTS exchange after releasing the channel access ban or transmits only part of the delayed transmission is that the collision probability of the transmission after the channel access ban may be higher than that of normal transmission.
- the above-described embodiments may be mandatory applied to transmissions performed after channel access prohibition is lifted.
- the RTS/CTS frame was used to solve a hidden node problem and could be used based on the size of transmission data.
- the RTS/CTS frame is for preventing transmission collision with a station attempting to perform delayed transmission in order to protect transmission or reception of a NON-STR multi-link device.
- the second station of the non-STR multi-link device may always determine the channel state of the link in which the second station operates as busy. there is. Accordingly, the second station may determine that the channel is in use due to interference within the device even when the channel of the link in which the second station operates is idle.
- the other station of the non-STR multi-link device is referred to as a blind state. do. It may be difficult for a station in a blind state to attempt transmission by performing a backoff procedure due to the circumstances described above. In addition, it may be difficult for a station in a blind state to start receiving or to successfully decode a PPDU due to the above-described circumstances. Therefore, a transmission method considering a station in a blind state is required. This will be described with reference to FIG. 16 .
- 16 shows transmission performed based on the state of a station in a non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a station intending to perform transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device may determine whether or not to perform transmission according to whether the station of the non-STR multi-link device is in a blind state.
- a station that intends to transmit to a station of a non-STR multi-link device may be a station included in the STR multi-link device.
- a station that intends to transmit to a station of a non-STR multi-link device is an AP included in the AP multi-link device, and the non-STR multi-link device may be a non-AP multi-link device.
- a station intending to perform transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device may determine whether a station of a non-STR multi-link device is in a blind state as follows.
- a station intending to perform transmission may determine whether another station of a multi-link device including the station is performing transmission to a corresponding non-STR multi-link device.
- the station may determine that the station of the non-STR multi-link device to receive the transmission of the station is in a blind state. .
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the second station STA2 is transmitting to the second AP AP2.
- the second AP (AP2) can notify the first AP (AP1) that it is receiving from the second station (STA2).
- the second AP (AP2) may inform the first AP (AP1) that the second station (STA2) is the subject of transmission for the second AP (AP2).
- the second AP may inform the first AP (AP1) that the second station (STA2) is currently transmitting.
- the first AP (AP1) may determine that the first station (STA1) is in a blind state based on the notification.
- a station may not transmit to a station in a blind state. This is because there is a high possibility that a station in a blind state cannot start receiving even if transmission is performed to a station in a blind state or a station in a blind state cannot decode a PPDU. At this time, the station may cancel transmission to the blinded station and perform transmission to another station.
- the STR multi-link device may perform transmission to a non-STR multi-link device in a plurality of links. Specifically, when the STR multi-link device performs transmission to the non-STR multi-link device on the first link, the STR multi-link device may start transmission to the non-STR multi-link device on the second link. In this case, the STR multi-link device may determine the length of transmission performed in the second link based on the transmission for the non-STR multi-link device. Specifically, the STR multi-link device may determine the transmission length for the non-STR multi-link device in the second link based on the transmission length for the non-STR multi-link device in the first link.
- the STR multi-link device may simultaneously end transmission on the first link and transmission on the second link. This is because transmission to one of the stations of the non-STR multi-link device ends first, and one of the stations of the non-STR multi-link device transmits a response to the transmission, for example, an ACK, while the other station of the non-STR multi-link device This is to prevent transmission to the station from being performed.
- a plurality of stations of a non-STR multi-link device can simultaneously transmit responses to transmissions to a plurality of stations.
- the STR multi-link device cannot determine in real time the status of stations included in the non-STR multi-link device. Therefore, even if the STR multi-link device operates according to the embodiments described with reference to FIG. 16, interference or transmission collision may occur between links in which the non-STR multi-link device operates.
- the first AP (AP1) starts transmitting to the first station (STA1) before recognizing that the second station (STA2) is performing transmission to the second AP (AP2).
- the probability of occurrence of interference or collision between links may be greater than the probability of occurrence of interference or transmission collision within a link. This will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 17 .
- Transmission of the second station of the non-STR station multi-link device to the second AP of the STR AP multi-link device is the same as transmission of the first AP of the STR AP multi-link device to the first station of the non-STR station multi-link device Transmission collisions may occur between links if they are started simultaneously.
- Figure 17(a) shows this. As described above, this may occur because the STR multi-link device cannot determine in real time the status of stations included in the non-STR multi-link device.
- transmission of a second station of a non-STR station multi-link device to a second AP of an STR AP multi-link device is performed by a first AP of a STR AP multi-link device to a first station of a non-STR station multi-link device.
- Transmission collisions can occur between links even if they start earlier than the transmission.
- Figure 17(b) shows this. This is because it may take time for the second AP (AP2) to inform the first AP (AP1) that the second station (STA2) is performing transmission. Since transmission collisions occur even between stations that start transmission at different points in this way, the probability of occurrence of interference or transmission collision between stations may be greater than the probability of occurrence of intra-link interference or collision.
- FIG. 18 shows an operation in which an STR multi-link device stops transmission to a non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the STR multi-link device determines that the station of the non-STR multi-link device is blind.
- transmission can be stopped.
- the STR multi-link device determines the non-STR multi-link device based on the value indicated by STA(AID)-ID in the signaling field of the received PPDU or the TA (transmitting address) field of the MAC frame included in the received PPDU. It can be determined whether the station is in a blind state.
- the STA-ID may be a value indicating a station transmitting the UL PPDU in the UL PPDU.
- the STR multi-link device is included in the non-STR multi-link device when the value indicated by the STA(AID)-ID in the signaling field of the received PPDU indicates the first station included in the non-STR multi-link device It may be determined that the second station is in a blind state.
- the STR multi-link device when the TA field of the MAC frame included in the received PPDU indicates the first station included in the non-STR multi-link device, the second station included in the non-STR multi-link device is in a blind state. can be judged. The operation of the station after transmission cancellation is first described.
- a station that has canceled transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device may attempt transmission to a station different from the station of the non-STR multi-link device.
- a station that has canceled transmission to a station of the non-STR multi-link device may perform transmission to a station different from the station of the non-STR multi-link device without a separate backoff procedure.
- transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device is performed.
- the canceled station may transmit to a station different from the station of the non-STR multi-link device.
- the pre-designated time interval may be any one of SIFS, PDIF, and DIFS.
- a station that cancels transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device When a station that cancels transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device performs transmission to a station different from a station of a non-STR multi-link device, a station that cancels transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device may transmit traffic having the same priority as the traffic of the canceled transmission or traffic having a higher priority. This is because if traffic corresponding to a priority lower than the priority of traffic used when accessing a channel for canceled transmission is transmitted, fairness may not be met.
- the station of the STR multi-link device may be an AP.
- a station that has canceled transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device may initialize the configured TXOP. Specifically, a station that has canceled transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device may transmit a CF-End frame after canceling transmission. Through this, another station operating on a link for which transmission is scheduled can use the link.
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the second station STA2 is transmitting to the second AP AP2.
- the first AP (AP1) determines that the first station (STA1) is in a blind state while performing transmission to the first station (STA1). Accordingly, the first AP (AP1) stops transmitting to the first station (STA1). After stopping transmission to the first station STA1 in FIG.
- the first AP AP1 performs transmission to stations other than the first station STA1 as in the previously described embodiment. After stopping the transmission to the first station STA1 in FIG. 18(b), the first AP (AP1) transmits the CF-END frame as in the later described embodiment.
- a station When a station stops transmitting, it may not transmit the next fragment after transmitting the fragment it was transmitting. In another specific embodiment, the station may immediately stop transmitting the packet being transmitted.
- an STR multi-link device stops transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device in a blind state and performs transmission to a station other than a station of a non-STR multi-link device in a blind state
- stable In order to receive, it is necessary to inform other stations that transmissions to other stations can be performed.
- a method for doing this is described.
- a station other than a station of a non-STR multi-link device in a blind state is referred to as another station.
- a station of the STR multi-link device may insert the address of another station into the MAC frame.
- the station of the STR multi-link device may insert the address of the intended receiver of the MAC frame into the receiving address (RA) of the MAC frame, and may insert the address of another station into a separate field.
- a station of the device may insert the address of another station into the EHT-SIG.
- the station of the STR multi-link device may insert an address of a station different from the address of the intended recipient of the PPDU into the User field of the signaling field of the PPDU. In this case, the address of another station may be inserted after the address of the intended recipient of the PPDU in the User field of the signaling field of the PPDU.
- the station may monitor reception of the PPDU for a predetermined time even after recognizing that the intended recipient of the received PPDU is not the station. Specifically, the station may monitor whether reception of the PPDU continues for a predetermined time even after recognizing that the intended recipient of the received PPDU is not the station. Through this, the station can determine whether transmission of the PPDU is stopped and transmission to the station starts. In these embodiments, when it is determined that transmission of the PPDU continues for a predetermined time, the station may enter a doze state. When it is determined that transmission of the PPDU is not continued for a predetermined time, the station may maintain a wake-up state. At this time, when a new PPDU is received by the station, the station may decode the PPDU.
- a station transmitting a PPDU may insert into the PPDU information signaling that transmission of the PPDU may be stopped.
- Information signaling that PPDU transmission may be stopped may be a 1-bit subfield. For example, if the value of the subfield signaling that transmission of the PPDU can be stopped is 1, the station receiving the PPDU will transmit the PPDU later than the point indicated by the Length field of the signaling field of the PPDU and the Duration field of the MAC frame. It may be previously determined that transmission of the PPDU may be stopped.
- the station can delay entering the power saving state. Also, the station transmitting the PPDU may insert information signaling that transmission may be stopped into the PPDU in the reserved field of the PPDU.
- the value of CW used for channel access may be doubled like a general transmission failure.
- a CW value used for channel access may not be doubled. That is, the station can maintain the value of CW used for channel access as it is. Doubling the value of CW is to reduce the probability of transmission collision by increasing the range of numbers that can be the value of the backoff counter. This need may be less if the station can clearly recognize that it is a transmission collision between links.
- the station may delay transmission by doubling the value of CW.
- the station needs to double the value of CW. This will be described with reference to FIG. 19 .
- FIG. 19 shows processing of the value of CW when an STR multi-link device recognizes a transmission collision between links according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the station can sense a channel state after canceling transmission. If it is sensed that the channel is not idle, the station may double the value of CW. In this case, doubling may follow the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 6 . Also, when it is sensed that the channel is idle, the station may maintain the value of CW. This embodiment is intended to treat the channel differently from successful transmission since transmission collisions within the link are less likely to occur even if it is sensed that the channel is idle. In another specific embodiment, when it is sensed that the channel is idle, the station may set the CW value to the minimum CW value (CW_min) of the traffic.
- CW_min minimum CW value
- This embodiment is intended to treat the same as successful transmission when it is sensed that the channel is idle, since there is a low possibility of transmission collision in the link.
- the station may apply the above-described embodiments to the CW of the AC of the traffic included in the canceled transmission.
- the station may not increase the Retry Counter.
- the Retry Counter may include at least one of a long retry counter and a short try counter.
- canceling transmission may include at least one of stopping transmission or delaying transmission before starting transmission.
- the station may not initiate RTS/CTS frame exchange before attempting transmission after canceling transmission. This is because the NAV has already been set through the CTS-to-Self frame.
- the station may attempt transmission without a backoff procedure.
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the second station STA2 is transmitting to the second AP AP2.
- the first AP (AP1) determines that the first station (STA1) is in a blind state while performing transmission to the first station (STA1). Accordingly, the first AP (AP1) stops transmitting to the first station (STA1).
- FIG. 19 the STR AP multi-link device
- the first AP (AP1) determines that the channel of the first link (Link 1) is idle. At this time, since no TXOP remains, the first AP (AP1) accesses the channel through a backoff procedure. In FIG. 19(b), the first AP (AP1) determines that the channel of the first link (Link 1) is not idle. At this time, since the TXOP remains, the first AP (AP1) attempts transmission without a backoff procedure.
- FIG. 20 shows an operation of performing channel access again after an STR multi-link device stops transmission to a non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the pre-designated time interval may be DIFS. This is because the station of the STR multi-link device has acquired a channel access opportunity through a contention procedure and has lost the acquired channel access opportunity due to a transmission collision between links. That is, since the channel access opportunity was obtained through the station contention procedure of the STR multi-link device, priority is given to channel access performed by other stations.
- DIFS may be replaced with AIFS[AC].
- the pre-designated time interval may be EIFS. This is because the STR multi-link device can be regarded as having already exhausted transmission opportunities and fairness with other stations is considered.
- the predetermined time interval may be DIFS.
- the station receiving the PPDU detects that transmission of the PPDU is stopped, the station may sense whether the channel is idle during DIFS instead of EIFS. In this case, when it is sensed that the channel is idle during DIFS, the corresponding station may start a backoff procedure.
- DIFS may be replaced with AIFS[AC].
- the STR multi-link device can recognize that transmission collision between links may occur. Specifically, when the first station of the STR multi-link device completes the backoff procedure, the second station of the STR multi-link device may be receiving the PPDU. In this case, when the second station does not complete decoding of the signaling field of the PPDU, the first station cannot recognize that a transmission collision between links has occurred, but can determine that there is a possibility. In this case, as described above, the first station may insert information indicating that transmission may be stopped in the transmitted PPDU. In addition, the NSTR multi-link device may transmit the CTS-to-Self frame before transmission to the non-STR multi-link device for stable and efficient transmission. This will be described with reference to FIG. 21 .
- FIG. 21 shows an operation in which a STR multi-link device transmits a CTS-to-Self frame prior to transmission to a non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a station of an STR multi-link device may transmit a CTS-to-Self frame before transmission to a non-STR multi-link device.
- the second station of the STR multi-link device attempts transmission to a non-STR multi-link device while the first station of the STR multi-link device performs reception
- the second station of the STR multi-link device transmits to the non-STR multi-link device.
- the CTS-to-Self frame may be transmitted before transmission to the STR multi-link device.
- the second station can secure TXOP for transmission to the non-STR multi-link device.
- the second station may determine whether the transmission for the first station is transmitted from the corresponding non-STR multi-link device before performing transmission for the non-STR multi-link device.
- the second station may determine a transmission destination station according to whether transmission for the first station is transmitted from a corresponding non-STR multi-link device. Specifically, when transmission for the first station is not transmitted from the corresponding non-STR multi-link device, the second station may perform transmission for the corresponding non-STR multi-link device. When transmission to the first station is transmitted from a corresponding non-STR multi-link device, the second station may perform transmission to a station not included in the corresponding non-STR multi-link device.
- the first station triggers transmission of a SU-PPDU for a station of a non-STR multi-link device, an MU-PPDU including data for a station of a non-STR multi-link device, and a station of a non-STR multi-link device If transmission of the PPDU including the trigger frame is planned, the first station may cancel the planned transmission. At this time, the first station receives a SU-PPDU for a station other than a station of a non-STR multi-link device, an MU-PPDU that does not include data for a station of a non-STR multi-link device, and a station of a non-STR multi-link device.
- the first station may start transmission after a time greater than SIFS from when the CTS-to-Self frame is transmitted. Specifically, the first station may start transmission after the PIFS from when the CTS-to-Self frame is transmitted. The station that transmits the CTS-to-Self frame must start transmission after SIFS from the time it transmits the CTS-to-Self frame.
- the processing time of the STR multi-link device such as generating an MPDU to be newly transmitted, is required. Therefore, exceptions to the rules for the time interval between CTS-to-Self frames and transmission may be applied.
- the second station cannot perform transmission beyond the TXOP obtained by CTS-to-Self.
- the STR multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link 2). Since the second AP (AP2) performs reception and the first AP (AP1) plans transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device, the first AP (AP1) transmits the CTS-to-Self frame before the planned transmission. do. As described above, the first AP (AP1) determines the transmission destination station based on the determination of the station that transmitted the PPDU received by the second AP (AP2). In addition, the first AP (AP1) performs transmission after SIFS or PIFS from when the CTS-to-Self frame is transmitted.
- the second station may initiate the RTS/CTS frame exchange procedure by transmitting an RTS frame instead of transmitting a CTS-to-Self frame. Through this, the second station can obtain an effect similar to that of transmitting the CTS-to-Self frame. In the case of RTS/CTS frame exchange, the second station can acquire TXOP only when the transmission destination station is not in a blind state.
- FIG. 22 shows that a plurality of APs included in an STR multi-link device perform transmission to a plurality of stations included in one non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a plurality of stations included in one non-STR multi-link device may simultaneously perform reception. This is because simultaneous reception by multiple stations may cause only relatively little interference.
- 22 shows that a plurality of stations included in one non-STR multi-link device simultaneously perform reception.
- the STR multi-link device synchronizes the termination of transmission from a plurality of APs included in the STR multi-link device to a plurality of stations included in one non-STR multi-link device for stable operation of the non-STR multi-link device. Multiple transmissions can be performed. This will be described with reference to FIG. 23 .
- a plurality of APs included in an STR multi-link device performs a plurality of transmissions in which the termination of transmission is synchronized to a plurality of stations included in one non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the multi-link device can simplify a channel access procedure for transmission performed on another link. Specifically, when the first station of the multi-link device completes the backoff channel access procedure in the first link, when the channel is idle for a predetermined time interval within the link of the second station of the STR multi-link device, the STR multi-link A second station of the device may initiate transmission on the second link.
- a channel access procedure of another station of the STR multi-link device can be simplified. Specifically, when the first station of the STR multi-link device completes a backoff channel access procedure for transmission to the first station of the non-STR multi-link device, a predetermined time within the link of the second station of the STR multi-link device If the channel is idle during the period, the second station of the STR multi-link device may start transmission to the second station of the non-STR multi-link device. In this case, it may be PIFS during a pre-specified time interval.
- This operation may be applied when the first station and the second station of the STR multi-link device perform transmission to stations included in one non-STR multi-link device.
- the first station and the second station may start transmission with a difference within a pre-specified time period.
- the pre-designated time interval may be a slot time.
- transmission ends of the first station and the second station may be synchronized.
- the synchronization of the transmission end of the first station and the second station may indicate that the transmission of the first station and the transmission of the second station are finished with a difference within the first predetermined time interval.
- the first pre-specified time interval may indicate within a slot boundary or within a symbol boundary.
- a plurality of stations of the non-STR multi-link device that have received the synchronized transmission termination may simultaneously transmit subsequent transmissions, e.g., responses. At this time, the response may include ACK.
- transmissions following reception are transmitted after SIFS from reception.
- transmitting the transmissions that follow with a slight lag may make the implementation more complicated than transmitting the transmissions that follow simultaneously. Therefore, as described above, a plurality of stations of a non-STR multi-link device receiving the synchronized transmission termination can simultaneously transmit subsequent transmissions.
- the transmission interval following at least one of the plurality of transmissions in which the transmission end is synchronized may be the sum of the SIFS and the time within the pre-specified time interval.
- a transmission following a transmission that ends first may be transmitted at intervals added by the SIFS and the time within a pre-specified time interval from the transmission.
- the pre-specified time interval may be either a slot time or a symbol length.
- the difference within the pre-specified time interval may be a difference between the end of a transmission that ends last among a plurality of transmissions with synchronized transmission ends and a transmission that ends earlier among a plurality of transmissions with synchronized transmission ends.
- a plurality of stations receiving the transmissions may synchronize and transmit subsequent transmissions.
- a plurality of following transmissions whose transmission ends are synchronized may represent a plurality of following transmissions transmitted with time differences within the second pre-specified time interval.
- the difference within the second pre-designated time interval may be a difference between an end of a transmission that ends last among a plurality of synchronized transmissions and a transmission that ends first among a plurality of transmissions in which a transmission end is synchronized.
- the second pre-specified time interval may be smaller than the first pre-specified time interval.
- a PPDU whose transmission end is synchronized in this way may be referred to as a sync PPDU.
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the first AP (AP1) and the second AP (AP2) synchronize the end of transmission for the first station (STA1) and the second station (STA2), respectively. That is, after the first station STA1 ends the transmission, the second station STA2 ends the transmission within a time interval previously designated by the first station STA1.
- the first station STA1 and the second station STA2 simultaneously transmit ACKs.
- the first station STA1 transmits an ACK after a difference between the end of the transmission for the first station STA1 and the end of the transmission for the second station STA2 and the end of the transmission for the first station and SIFS.
- ACK policy may be applied even when it is not an immediate response.
- the plurality of stations of a multi-link device when a plurality of stations of a multi-link device receive transmission in which the end of transmission is synchronized, the plurality of stations of the multi-link device simultaneously receive ACK requests and simultaneously transmit ACKs according to the ACK requests. there is.
- a plurality of stations of a multi-link device that has received transmission for which an ACK policy is set to a value other than No ACK within a predetermined time period can simultaneously start ACKing.
- the non-STR multi-link device When a non-STR multi-link device exists, the non-STR multi-link device must be considered in an operation of configuring a TXOP by transmitting an RTS/CTS frame and a CTS-to-Self frame. This will be described with reference to FIGS. 24 to 29 .
- the RTS/CTS frame exchange procedure may follow the procedure defined in the existing wireless LAN.
- the RTS/CTS frame can be used to set the NAV of stations operating on different links. Specifically, the station receiving the RTS/CTS frame operates on a link different from the link in which the corresponding station operates and may transmit the frame to other stations included in a multi-link device including the corresponding station.
- RTS/CTS may not be transmitted as shown in FIG. 24 . That is, a station planning transmission to a first station of a non-STR multi-link device may not attempt RTS/CTS frame exchange when a second station of a non-STR multi-link device is performing reception.
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- STA1 operating on a first link (Link 1)
- STA2 operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the second AP (AP2) may determine that channel access of the second station (STA2) is prohibited. Accordingly, the second AP (AP2) does not attempt RTS/CTS frame exchange with the second station (STA2).
- a hidden node problem may occur. This will be described with reference to FIG. 25 .
- FIG. 25 shows a hidden node problem occurring in the RTS/CTS frame exchange procedure according to the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 24 .
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the second AP (AP2) could not transmit the RTS frame before transmission. Therefore, the TXOP for transmission of the second AP (AP2) is not set to the station operating in the second link (Link 2). Accordingly, when the second AP (AP2) transmits to the second station (STA2), a station (OBSS STA) of another BSS transmits on the second link (Link2). As a result, the second station STA2 fails to receive transmission from the second AP AP2.
- the following embodiments may be applied.
- the station when any one station of the non-STR multi-link device is performing reception, the station may not be allowed to perform transmission to any station of the non-STR multi-link device.
- the station when a station transmits to a first station of a non-STR multi-link device and the second station of the non-STR multi-link device is performing reception, the station performs transmission simultaneously with transmission to the second station. can do.
- the station transmits to the first station of a non-STR multi-link device and the second station of the non-STR multi-link device is receiving, the station sets the end of the transmission to the first station to the end of the transmission to the second station. can be synchronized.
- a station transmits to a first station of a non-STR multi-link device and a second station of a non-STR multi-link device is performing reception
- the station transmits to the first station simultaneously with transmission to the second station.
- transmission to the second station may be performed by another station of the multi-link device including the station.
- 26 shows that multi-link devices exchange RTS/CTS frames according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the second station of the multi-link device transmits to the fourth station of the non-STR multi-link device.
- the first station may end transmission to the third station before the fourth station transmits the RTS frame.
- the 4th station can transmit the CTS frame to the 2nd station. Accordingly, TXOP for frame exchange between the second station and the fourth station may be set.
- the second station of the multi-link device transmits to the fourth station of the non-STR multi-link device.
- the second station may transmit the RTS frame to the fourth station according to the transmission end point of the first station to the third station.
- the second station may insert padding into the RTS frame.
- the RTS frame may be an RTS frame format capable of flexibly adjusting the transmission length.
- this RTS frame format is referred to as a multilink (ML)-RTS frame.
- the ML-RTS frame may include a pad field for padding.
- the format of the ML-RTS frame may be the same as the RTS frame format described in FIG. 26 .
- the first station may insert padding into the transmission to the third station in order to match the RTS frame and transmission end time.
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the second AP (AP2) transmits the ML-RTS frame to the second STA (STA2) according to the transmission end point of the first AP (AP1) to the first station (STA1).
- the first station STA1 transmits an ACK to the first AP AP1
- the second station STA2 transmits an ACK to the second AP AP2.
- TXOP for frame exchange between the second AP (AP2) and the second station (STA2) is set for stations operating in the channel of the second link.
- another frame for setting the NAV may be exchanged instead of the RTS/CTS frame.
- an ACK request frame may be transmitted instead of the RTS frame.
- the ACK request frame may include duration information related to transmission end time.
- a frame including an ACK transmitted in response to an ACK request may also include duration information.
- duration information of the frame including the ACK may be set according to duration information of the ACK request frame.
- control frames may include exchange of PS-Poll frames and response frames for PS-Poll.
- FIG. 27 shows that a multi-link device transmits a response to a control frame as an exception even when channel access is prohibited according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- channel access of some stations may be prohibited. Even if the station's access to the channel is prohibited, the station can transmit a response to the control frame. Specifically, even if the station's channel access is prohibited, the station may transmit the CTS frame in response to the RTS frame.
- the following embodiment may be applied.
- the first station transmits a response to the control frame as an exception to the channel access prohibition.
- the third station transmits to the second station included in the multi-link device including the first station. In this case, the third station may perform retransmission for the first station. This is because the third station can expect transmission to the second station to fail.
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the first AP (AP) performs transmission for the first station (STA1).
- the second AP (AP2) transmits the RTS frame to the second station (STA2). Since the first station STA1 performs reception, channel access of the second station STA2 is prohibited.
- the second station (STA2) transmits the CTS frame to the second AP (AP2), which is an exception to the channel access prohibition.
- the first AP (AP1) may determine that transmission of the first AP (AP1) is highly likely to fail due to the CTS frame transmission of the second station (STA2). Accordingly, the first AP (AP1) performs retransmission to the first station (STA1). The retransmission method will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 28 .
- a station performing retransmission may retransmit only some of the packets included in the initial transmission.
- the station performing retransmission may determine some of the packets included in the initial transmission as packets to be retransmitted based on the time interval in which the station performing retransmission receives the CTS frame.
- the station performing the retransmission may determine, among the packets included in the initial transmission, a packet transmitted in a time interval including a time interval in which the station performing the retransmission receives the CTS frame as a packet to be retransmitted.
- the station performing the retransmission may retransmit the packet transmitted in the time interval including the time interval in which the station performing the retransmission CTS frame is received based on the propagation delay.
- a station performing retransmission may retransmit all packets included in the initial transmission.
- a station performing retransmission may perform retransmission before receiving an ACK for transmission. At this time, the station performing the retransmission may receive a block ACK indicating whether to receive the initial transmission and the retransmission after performing the retransmission. To this end, a station that performs retransmission may perform retransmission before SIFS after initial transmission. In another specific embodiment, a station that has failed reception due to a control frame transmitted as an exception to channel access prohibition may wait for reception of retransmission without transmitting an ACK.
- the first AP (AP1) retransmits the fourth and fifth packets in consideration of the transmission delay and the period in which the second AP (AP2) receives the CTS frame. After retransmission, the first AP (AP1) receives an ACK including whether or not retransmission has been received.
- 29 shows that a control frame is transmitted through a link in which a station whose channel access is not prohibited operates, rather than a link in which a station whose channel access is prohibited operates according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the multi-link device may transmit a control frame through a link in which a station in which channel access is not prohibited operates, rather than a link in which a station in which channel access is prohibited operates.
- the multi-link device may transmit a control frame through a link currently receiving from the multi-link device among stations of the non-STR multi-link device.
- the control frame may be an RTS frame.
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station STA1 operating on a first link Link1 and a second station STA2 operating on a second link Link2.
- the first AP (AP1) transmits to the first station (STA1). Even if the second AP (AP2) succeeds in the backoff procedure, since the first station (STA1) is receiving the transmission transmitted from the first AP (AP1), the second AP (AP2) transmits to the second station (STA2). cannot be performed.
- the second AP requests the first AP (AP1) to transmit the RTS frame to which the second station (STA2) is the receiver.
- the first AP (AP1) may include the RTS frame to which the second station (STA2) is the receiver in the transmission being performed by the first AP (AP1).
- the first AP (AP1) sends the second station after SIFS from the transmission through the first link (Link1).
- STA2 may transmit an RTS frame as a receiver.
- the first station STA1 receives the RTS frame, which is the receiver of the second station STA2, and transfers the received RTS frame to the second station STA2.
- the second station STA2 performs CCA during PIFS. If the channel is idle during PIFS, the second station (STA2) transmits the CTS-to-Self frame.
- the first AP (AP1) may stop transmission to the first station (STA1) during a time interval in which the second station (STA2) is expected to transmit a response to the RTS frame.
- the first station STA1 may transmit an ACK for the received transmission.
- the second station STA2 transmits a response to the RTS frame
- the first station STA1 may transmit a response to the RTS frame together. 29 is for helping the understanding of the description and may be used for transmission of control frames other than the RTS frame and the CTS-to-Self frame. Also, time intervals other than PIFS may be used.
- FIG. 30 shows that a multi-link device transmits an ACK according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a station of a multi-link device may request a link to transmit an ACK to a station of a no-STR multi-link device. Specifically, a station of a multi-link device may request transmission of an ACK in a link different from the link in which the transmission was performed.
- the first AP (AP1) of the STR multi-link device performs transmission (Tx(#2)) to the first station (STA1) of the non-STR multi-link device. At this time, the first AP (AP1) requests transmission of an ACK for transmission (Tx(#2)) through the second link (Link2).
- the station may set an ACK policy as an implicit BAR so as not to transmit an immediate response to the transmission.
- the station may set the ACK policy for transmission to BlockAckReq.
- BlockAckReq since BlockAckReq must be transmitted in order to transmit Block ACK, channel access burden and transmission delay may occur. Therefore, a new ACK policy for multi-link devices may be required.
- One station of the multi-link device may transmit an ACK for transmission received by the station and an ACK for transmission received by another station included in the same multi-link device.
- Such ACK transmission may be referred to as multilink (ML)-ACK.
- ML-ACK may be configured as an ACK policy.
- the first AP (AP1) sets the ACK policy of transmission (Tx(#2)) to ML-ACK. After receiving the transmission (Tx(#2)), the first station (STA1) does not transmit an ACK to the first AP (AP1).
- the second station (STA2) completes receiving the transmission from the second AP (AP2), and sends the second AP (AP2) an ACK for the transmission from the first AP (AP1) and a transmission from the second AP (AP2).
- ACK is sent together.
- the non-STR multi-link device includes not only the first station (STA1) and the second station (STA2) but also the third station (STA3), and the STR multi-link device includes the first AP (AP1) and the second AP (AP2). In addition, it may include a third AP (AP3).
- an ACK policy for transmission from the second AP (AP2) to the second station (STA2) may also be set to ML-ACK.
- the third station (STA1) completes the first AP ( ACK for transmission from AP1 to the first station STA1, ACK for transmission from the second AP (AP2) to the second station STA2, and from the third AP (AP3) to the third station STA3
- An ACK for the transmission may be transmitted to the third AP (AP3).
- the ACK policy may be set to BlockAck instead of ML-ACK.
- the ACK policy may be set to No Ack instead of ML-ACK.
- the multi-link device While the multi-link device transmits traffic, the number of links acquiring transmission opportunities may increase. At this time, the multi-link device may transmit traffic intended to be transmitted through a link obtained a transmission opportunity first through a link obtained a transmission opportunity later. At this time, the NAV set in the link where the multi-link device first obtained a transmission opportunity may be set larger than the NAV required to transmit traffic. If the multi-link device is set higher than the NAV required to transmit traffic on the link that first acquired the transmission opportunity, the multi-link device completes transmission on the link that first acquired the transmission opportunity and then transmits the CF-END frame to set the NAV. can be reset
- the first station of the non-STR multi-link device In order for the first station of the non-STR multi-link device to receive the aforementioned sync PPDU, it must determine whether the second station having a non-STR relationship with the first station starts to receive the sync PPDU. In addition, the first station must continuously perform preamble detection (PD). Considering that the first station receiving the sync PPDU is barred from channel access due to reception by another station of the non-STR multi-link device, such an operation of the first station may be irrational. Therefore, the first station can enter a power saving state within a predefined condition.
- the sync PPDU may be transmitted within a previously set TXOP. Accordingly, a performance gain obtained by receiving the sync PPDU may be determined according to the length of the remaining TXOP.
- the first station can determine whether to give up reception of the sync PPDU based on the length of the sync PPDU.
- the first station may enter a power saving state.
- This power saving operation may be referred to as inter-link TXOP power save (PS).
- PS inter-link TXOP power save
- a station that has entered a power saving state in the inter-link TXOP PS may wake up from the power saving state to receive frames periodically transmitted from the AP, for example, a beacon frame, a TIM frame, and a DTIM frame.
- TXOP is terminated, for example, when a CF-END frame is transmitted, a station that has entered a power saving state in an inter-link TXOP PS may wake up from the power saving state.
- the aforementioned TXOP may be changed to a period indicated through the length field of the signaling field of the PPDU and the Duration field of the MAC frame.
- the station may determine the time occupied by the PPDU based on the period indicated through the length field and the Duration field of the MAC frame.
- the non-AP multi-link device may signal information about whether sync PPDU reception is supported and sync PPDU support conditions to the AP multi-link device.
- the AP multi-link device may signal to the non-AP multi-link device whether or not the AP multi-link device supports transmission of the sync PPDU.
- the multi-link device may signal whether to support sync PPDU for each multi-link device.
- the AP multi-link device may signal whether sync PPDU transmission is supported for each AP multi-link device.
- the multi-link device may signal whether sync PPDU is supported for each station.
- the AP multi-link device may signal whether sync PPDU transmission is supported for each AP included in the AP multi-link device.
- an AP multi-link device including a first AP, a second AP, and a third AP may indicate that the first AP supports sync PPDU transmission and the second AP and third AP do not support sync PPDU transmission.
- a station of the non-AP multi-link device rejects reception by other stations of the non-AP multi-link device.
- the power saving state of the inter-link PS described above may be entered. This is because an AP multi-link device associated with a non-AP multi-link device cannot transmit a sync PPDU.
- a station of a non-AP multi-link device is a PPDU received by another station of a non-AP multi-link device. It is possible to determine the length of time for maintaining the power saving state based on the length of .
- Whether to support transmission or reception of the above-described sync PPDU may be determined according to hardware performance as well as an operating policy. Accordingly, whether transmission or reception of the sync PPDU is supported may be signaled through information on an operating mode as well as information on performance. A signaling method for supporting transmission or reception of a sync PPDU will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 31 .
- 31 shows an element field indicating information about sync PPDU reception support or transmission support according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- information indicating whether sync PPDU transmission is supported may be included in an element indicating a capability of a station.
- an element indicating a station's capability is referred to as a capability element.
- a field of information indicating whether sync PPDU transmission is supported in the Capability element is referred to as a Supporting Sync PPDU Tx subfield.
- the Capability element may be a Multi-Link element indicating multi-link capability.
- the Capability element may be an EHT Capability element indicating an EHT-related capability. 31(a) shows an example of a Capability element.
- the Supporting Sync PPDU Tx may indicate that a station or multi-link device indicated by the Supporting Sync PPDU Tx subfield supports transmission of a sync PPDU. If the value of the Supporting Sync PPDU Tx subfield is 0, the Supporting Sync PPDU Tx may indicate that the station or multi-link device indicated by the Supporting Sync PPDU Tx subfield does not support transmission of the sync PPDU. In addition, when a station not included in the multi-link device transmits the Capability element, the Supporting Sync PPDU Tx subfield may signal information other than information unrelated to whether sync PPDU transmission is supported or may be used as a reserved field.
- information indicating whether sync PPDU reception is supported may be included in an element indicating operation-related information of a station.
- an element indicating operation-related information of a station is referred to as an operation element.
- a field of information indicating whether sync PPDU reception is supported is referred to as a Supporting Sync PPDU Rx Disable subfield. 31(b) shows an example of an Operation element. If the value of the Supporting Sync PPDU Rx Disabled subfield is 1, it may indicate that reception of the sync PPDU is not desired.
- the Supporting Sync PPDU Rx Disabled subfield may indicate that the station transmitting the Supporting Sync PPDU Rx Disabled subfield does not want to wait for reception of the sync PPDU.
- the second station of the multi-link device may not perform PD and CCA while the first station of the multi-link device performs reception.
- An AP multi-link device connected to the multi-link device that has transmitted the Supporting Sync PPDU Rx Disabled subfield does not simultaneously transmit PPDUs to multiple stations of the multi-link device that has transmitted the Supporting Sync PPDU Rx Disabled subfield.
- the PPDU may be an SU PPDU, Full BW MU PPDU, or OFDMA MU PPDU transmitted in any one of the formats of non-HT PPDU, HT PPDU, VHT PPDU, HE PPDU, and EHT PPDU.
- the AP multi-link device should not transmit a frame requesting a response, for example, an immediate response.
- the frame requesting a response may include at least one of an RTS, a multi-user RTS (MU-RTS), a trigger frame, and a block ack request (BAR).
- the Operation element may include information related to the minimum length of a sync PPDU that can be received by a station or a multi-link device that has transmitted the Operation element.
- a subfield indicating information related to the minimum length of the sync PPDU is referred to as a Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield.
- the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield may indicate time.
- the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield can be indicated in us, ms, or symbol units.
- the multi-link device connected to the multi-link device that transmitted the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield is not permitted to transmit a sync PPDU shorter than the length indicated by the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield to the multi-link device or station that transmitted the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield. may not be
- the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield when the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield is set to a predefined value, it may indicate that the multi-link device or station that has transmitted the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield does not support reception of the sync PPDU.
- the predefined value may be a value indicating a time greater than the maximum time that the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield can indicate. In another specific embodiment, the pre-designated value may be 0. When these embodiments are applied, the Sync PPDU Rx Disable subfield in the Operation element may be omitted.
- the Sync PPDU Rx Disable subfield and the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield can be signaled through the Operation element.
- the Sync PPDU Rx Disable subfield and the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield may be signaled through elements other than the Operation element or signaling information.
- the second station of the non-STR multi-link device may enter a power saving state while the first station of the non-STR multi-link device is performing reception. can In this case, the second station may maintain the power saving state until the end of the TXOP indicated by the PPDU received by the first station.
- the second station may receive a frame periodically transmitted from the AP before the end of the TXOP indicated by the PPDU received by the first station. In this case, the second station may wake up from the power saving state before the end of the TXOP indicated by the PPDU received by the first station.
- the frame periodically transmitted from the AP may include at least one of a beacon frame, a TIM frame, and a DTIM frame.
- the second station may maintain the power saving state even after the end of the TXOP indicated by the PPDU received by the first station. Specifically, the second station may determine whether to maintain the power saving state even after the TXOP indicated by the PPDU received by the first station is terminated based on information received from the AP connected to the second station.
- the information received from the AP connected to the second station may be NAV related information.
- the information received from the AP connected to the second station may be operation information of the AP connected to the first station.
- the first AP of the AP multi-link device indicates that it does not want to receive the sync PPDU.
- Information about an expected end time of transmission or reception of the first AP and an expected expiration time of the NAV may be transmitted to the first station of the signaled non-AP multi-link device.
- AP performing transmission to the second station of the non-AP multi-link device If the NAV set by the second AP of the multi-link device has not expired, the second AP may transmit or receive a PPDU from any one station. can AP transmitting to the second station of the non-AP multi-link device If the NAV set by the second AP of the multi-link device has not expired, the NAV set to the second AP by the PPDU not transmitted by the second station may include
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station STA1 operating on a first link Link1 and a second station STA2 operating on a second link Link2.
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device signals that it does not want to receive the sync PPDU.
- the first AP (AP1) transmits to the first station (STA1).
- the second station (STA2) maintains the power saving state until the end of the TXOP indicated by the PPDU transmitted from the first AP (AP1) to the first station (STA1).
- the first station of the non-STR multi-link device determines that the remaining duration of the TXOP indicated by the PPDU being received by the first station of the non-STR multi-link device is indicated by the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield transmitted by the non-STR multi-link device. If the length is equal to or shorter than the inter-link TXOP, the inter-link TXOP may enter the power-save state.
- the second station may receive the sync PPDU transmitted by the second station.
- the second station may receive the sync PPDU.
- the second station performs PD and may determine whether the intended recipient of the received PPDU is the second station. Specifically, the second station may determine whether the AID indicated by the signaling field of the PPDU or the RA of the MAC frame included in the PPDU indicate the second station.
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station STA1 operating on a first link Link1 and a second station STA2 operating on a second link Link2.
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device signals that it wants to receive a sync PPDU. At this time, the non-STR non-AP multi-link device also signals the minimum TXOP length required for receiving the sync PPDU, 'a'.
- the first AP (AP1) transmits to the first station (STA1), and the second station (STA2) waits to receive the sync PPDU.
- the TXOP of the PPDU transmitted from the first AP (AP1) to the first station (STA1) is equal to or shorter than 'a', the second station (STA2) enters an inter-link TXOP power saving state.
- the BSS operated by the AP connected to the station of the non-STR multi-link device detects transmission of a PPDU other than the sync PPDU while the station of the non-STR multi-link device is waiting to receive the sync PPDU, the transmission of a PPDU other than the sync PPDU is detected.
- a station of a device may enter an inter-link TXOP power saving state. At this time, the station may determine that a PPDU to which the station is not an intended recipient is not a sync PPDU.
- the station detects transmission of a PPDU other than a sync PPDU from a BSS operated by an AP connected to a station of a non-STR multi-link device in a power-saving state, the non-STR multi-link device A station of can enter the inter-link TXOP power saving state.
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station STA1 operating on a first link Link1 and a second station STA2 operating on a second link Link2.
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device signals that it wants to receive a sync PPDU. At this time, the non-STR non-AP multi-link device also signals the minimum TXOP length required for receiving the sync PPDU, 'a'.
- the first AP (AP1) transmits to the first station (STA1), and the second station (STA2) waits to receive the sync PPDU.
- the second station STA2 detects that a PPDU other than a sync PPDU is transmitted from a BSS belonging to the second station.
- the TXOP of the PPDU transmitted from the first AP (AP1) to the first station (STA1) is greater than 'a', the second station (STA2) enters an inter-link TXOP power saving state.
- carrier sensing may be the aforementioned CCA.
- CCA may include at least one of PD and ED. Therefore, in a blind state, a station may not be able to set an NAV based on a PPDU or frame transmitted by another station.
- channel access restriction may indicate that the station determines whether the wireless medium is idle using a determination condition that is stricter than the determination condition used when the channel access restriction is not applied. Specifically, when the station's channel access is restricted, the station may determine that the wireless medium is busy because NAV is set.
- Channel Access Restriction in Embodiments to be Described Later Indicates channel access restriction according to such embodiments. Specifically, channel access of a station out of the blind state may be restricted for a specified time from when it exits the blind state. For convenience of description, the designated time is referred to as the channel access time limit. In addition, the time period to which the channel access limit time is applied is referred to as a channel access limit period.
- the channel access time limit may be NAVSyncDelay.
- the channel access time limit may be set based on the maximum length that a PPDU can have.
- the channel access time limit may be Max PPDU (aPPDUMaxTime) + SIFS + BAtime.
- Max PPDU (aPPDUMaxTime) indicates the maximum length that the PPDU can have.
- BAtime represents the time required to transmit the BA frame. For example, when the maximum length of the HE PPDU is the largest among the maximum lengths of PPDUs supported by the station, Max PPDU (aPPDUMaxTime) may be 5.484 ms.
- SIFS may be 16us.
- a transmission collision can be prevented from occurring in a blind state when a station for which NAV is not set attempts channel access immediately after the blind state. Also, as described above, this embodiment can prevent a station from causing a transmission collision even when the station enters a power saving state from a blind state.
- a station whose channel access is restricted may perform CCA. Through this, the station can receive the PPDU and set the NAV based on the received PPDU or a frame included in the PPDU.
- 35 shows that channel access of a station out of a blind state is restricted according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the above-described channel access restriction may excessively limit channel accessibility of the station.
- the channel access time limit is set to an excessively large value, for example, NAVSyncDelay
- the channel access limit may limit the station's channel accessibility too much.
- each of the first station (STA#1) and the second station (STA#2) of the non-STR multi-link device operates on the first link (Link 1) and the second link (Link 2). .
- the first AP (AP#1) and the second AP (AP#2) of the STR multi-link device operate in a first link (Link 1) and a second link (Link 2), respectively.
- the first station (STA#1) transmits the UL PPDU on the first link (Link 1)
- the second station (STA#2) is switched to a blind state.
- the second station STA#2 may not be able to perform PD in a blind state.
- the second station (STA#2) When the second station (STA#2) is out of the blind state, the second station (STA#2) performs CCA during the channel access limited time.
- the channel access time limit may be NAVSyncDelay as described above.
- the second station (STA#2) may attempt channel access when the channel access restriction period expires and the NAV is not set. At this time, channel access may include a backoff procedure. This channel access restriction may be repeated whenever the second station (STA#2) switches to the blind state and then returns.
- the channel accessibility of the second station (STA#2) may be excessively limited.
- the channel access time limit may be set according to an embodiment other than the above-described embodiment.
- the station's channel access limiting time may be determined based on the time the station maintains in a blind state immediately before channel access.
- the station's channel access time limit may be the same as the time the station maintains in a blind state immediately before channel access. For example, when a station stays in a blind state for 5 ms and then leaves the blind state, channel access of the station may be restricted for 5 ms. When a station stays in the blind state for 1 ms and then leaves the blind state, the station's channel access may be restricted for 1 ms.
- the channel access time limit may be the sum of the time the station maintains the blind state, the SIFS, and the time required to transmit the BA frame. The time required to transmit the ACK frame may be used instead of the time required to transmit the BA frame.
- the duration of the blind state can be determined based on the length of the transmission that caused the blind state. That is, the time for maintaining the blind state may be the same as the transmission time for causing the blind state.
- the station transmits the channel access time limit.
- a value smaller than the ED threshold used after the expiration of the maximum channel access time limit can be used as the ED threshold value from when the access restriction period expires until the time equal to the maximum value of the channel access time limit expires. there is.
- the maximum value of the channel access time limit may be NAVSyncDelay.
- the station's channel access time limit may be shorter than NAVSyncDelay.
- the station may attempt channel access.
- the station may perform ED at -72 dBm from when the channel access restriction period expires and is out of the blind state until the maximum value of the channel access restriction time expires.
- the station may perform ED at -62 dBm.
- the time limit for channel access of a station may be determined as a time obtained by adding a predetermined time to the time during which the station maintains a blind state.
- the station's channel access time limit may be the sum of the time the station maintains the blind state, the SIFS, and the length of the ACK frame.
- the channel access limit time of the station may be determined as a multiple of the time the station maintains the blind state.
- the fact that the length of the channel access time limit is determined based on the duration of the blind state reflects the fact that the longer the blind state, the higher the possibility that PPDUs transmitted by other stations are not received.
- each of the first station (STA#1) and the second station (STA#2) of the non-STR multi-link device operates on the first link (Link 1) and the second link (Link 2). .
- the first AP (AP#1) and the second AP (AP#2) of the STR multi-link device operate in a first link (Link 1) and a second link (Link 2), respectively.
- the first station (STA#1) transmits the UL PPDU on the first link (Link 1)
- the second station (STA#2) is switched to a blind state.
- the second station STA#2 maintains the first blind state for x us.
- channel access of the second station (STA#2) is restricted for x us.
- the second station STA#2 maintains the second blind state for y us. Immediately after the second blind state, channel access of the second station (STA#2) is restricted for y us. Also, the first station STA#1 maintains the first blind state by z us. Immediately after the first blind state, channel access of the first station (STA#1) is restricted for z us.
- the channel access time limit may be the sum of the time the station maintains the blind state and the time required to transmit the SIFS and BA frames.
- the time required to transmit the ACK frame may be used instead of the time required to transmit the BA frame.
- the channel access limiting time may be determined according to whether the time during which the station maintains the blind state is within a predetermined threshold value.
- the threshold may be a value negotiated between the AP of the STR multi-link device and the non-STR multi-link device. This will be described with reference to FIG. 37 .
- the station's channel access limiting time may be a first predetermined value.
- the station's channel access limiting time may be a second predetermined value. At this time, the first predetermined value is smaller than the second predetermined value.
- each of the first station (STA#1) and the second station (STA#2) of the non-STR multi-link device operates on the first link (Link 1) and the second link (Link 2). .
- the first AP (AP#1) and the second AP (AP#2) of the STR multi-link device operate in a first link (Link 1) and a second link (Link 2), respectively.
- the first station (STA#1) transmits the UL PPDU on the first link (Link 1)
- the second station (STA#2) is switched to a blind state.
- the second station STA#2 stays in the blind state for a time longer than the threshold value in the first blind state.
- channel access of the second station STA#2 is restricted for a second predetermined time period (Long NAVSyncDelay).
- the second station STA#2 stays in the blind state for a time equal to or less than the threshold value in the second blind state. Accordingly, channel access of the second station is restricted for a first predetermined time period (Short NAVSyncDelay).
- the channel access time limit may be determined according to which stage of a plurality of stages corresponds to the time during which the station maintains the blind state. Specifically, there are 4 threshold values for the time of maintaining the blind state, and 5 steps may exist according to the 4 threshold values. At this time, when the time for which the station maintains the blind state corresponds to the second stage, the channel access limiting time is set to the channel access limiting time of the second stage.
- the channel access time limit corresponding to the lowest level may be zero. That is, if the time for which the station maintains the blind state is equal to or less than a specific value, channel access restriction may not be applied. This will be described with reference to FIG. 38 .
- FIG. 38 shows that channel access is not restricted when a station out of a blind state satisfies a certain condition according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- channel access of the station may not be restricted immediately after the station leaves the blind state. That is, if none of the predefined conditions are met, channel access of the station may be limited immediately after the station leaves the blind state. Through this, it is possible to prevent the channel accessibility of the station from being excessively limited.
- the channel access restriction may not be applied.
- the specific value may be determined based on the time required to transmit the specific frame. Specifically, the specific value may be determined based on the length of a specific frame. For example, the specific value may be determined based on the length and transmission rate of a specific frame.
- the specific frame may be at least one of an ACK frame, a BA frame, and a CTS frame.
- channel access restriction may not be applied to the station after the station leaves the blind state. Embodiments that do not apply channel access restrictions in this way can prevent channel accessibility of stations out of the blind state from being excessively limited when relatively short frames, for example, ACK frames, BA frames, and CTS frames are transmitted. .
- a separate channel access restriction other than the NAV may not be applied to the station after the station leaves the blind state.
- a separate channel access restriction may not be applied to the station. That is, the channel access time limit may be zero. This is because there is a high possibility that transmission of other stations has not been performed by NAV.
- the station can perform channel access without channel access restriction within a certain time period within the channel access restriction period.
- the NAV set for the station may be the NAV set after the station is switched to the blind state.
- the first station may receive the PPDU and enter the blind state before the first station completes receiving the PPDU. That is, the second station of the non-STR multi-link device including the first station may start transmitting the PPDU while the first station is receiving the PPDU. At this time, the first station may complete reception of the PPDU and set the NAV.
- completion of reception of the PPDU may indicate occurrence of PHY-RXEND.indication primitive.
- the first station may set the NAV at the time when the PPDU reception is expected to be completed.
- NAV may indicate NAV when a single NAV is operated.
- the NAV may indicate a NAV when a plurality of NAVs are operated.
- the plurality of NAVs may be basic NAVs and Intra-BSS NAVs.
- Intra-BSS NAV is set by Intra-BSS PPDU.
- the basic NAV is set by a PPDU that does not distinguish whether it is an Inter-BSS PPDU, an Intra-BSS PPDU, or an Inter-BSS PPDU.
- the fact that the NAV is set indicates that the NAV value is set to a non-zero value.
- setting the NAV in the above-described embodiments may indicate that the NAV is updated.
- the station may obtain duration information from the PPDU or frame and set the NAV according to the duration information. Specifically, the station may obtain duration information from the signaling field of the PPDU. In a specific embodiment, the station may obtain duration information from the HE-SIG-A field or U-SIG field of the PPDU. Also, the station may obtain duration information from the Duration/ID field of the MAC header of the MPDU included in the PPDU.
- the NAV may be set at the end of the PPDU according to duration information obtained from the PPDU, or at the end of the PPDU, the NAV may be set according to duration information obtained from a frame included in the PPDU.
- the station may determine the end of the PPDU based on the L-SIG field included in the PPDU. Specifically, the station may obtain the duration of the PPDU using the L_LENGTH field and L_DATARATE of the L-SIG field, and determine the end of the PPDU according to the obtained duration.
- a non-STR multi-link device includes a first station and a second station, and the first station operates on a first link and the second station operates on a second link. While the PPDU transmitted by the third station operating on the first link occupies the first link, the first station operating on the first link may enter a blind state due to transmission performed by the second station. The first station may get out of the blind state before transmission of the PPDU transmitted by the third station is terminated.
- the first station may attempt channel access without channel access restriction.
- channel access restrictions may not apply to a station after it leaves the blind state only if the recipient address of the PPDU occupying the link does not indicate the station or if the station is not the intended recipient of the PPDU.
- channel access restrictions may not be applied to a station after it leaves the blind state, regardless of the recipient address or intended recipient of the PPDU occupying the link.
- the station may determine the end of the PPDU based on the L-SIG field as described above.
- the station may determine the end of the PPDU based on information about TXOP included in the PPDU.
- the station may determine the end of the PPDU based on the TXOP indicated by the signaling field of the PPDU.
- the station may obtain the duration field of the MPDU included in the PPDU and determine the end of the PPDU based on the TXOP indicated by the duration field.
- the station may determine that the station is out of the blind state when another station of the non-STR multi-link device including the station terminates transmission.
- each of the first station (STA#1) and the second station (STA#2) of the non-STR multi-link device operates on the first link (Link 1) and the second link (Link 2). .
- the first AP (AP#1) and the second AP (AP#2) of the STR multi-link device operate in a first link (Link 1) and a second link (Link 2), respectively.
- the first station (STA#1) transmits the UL PPDU on the first link (Link 1)
- the second station (STA#2) is switched to a blind state.
- the channel access restriction is not applied to the second station STA#2 out of the blind state.
- the channel access restriction is not applied even immediately after the second station (STA#2) leaves the blind state. may not be In another specific embodiment, when an NAV is set for the second station (STA#2) and the second station (STA#2) stays in the blind state while the NAV is applied, the second station (STA#2) is in the blind state. Channel access restrictions may not apply even immediately after leaving .
- the station's channel access may not be allowed during the remaining channel access restriction period.
- embodiments of relieving channel access restrictions in the above-described embodiments have been described. That is, embodiments in which channel access is restricted or unrestricted by a time shorter than the maximum value of the channel access limit time have been described.
- channel access restriction may be applied to the station for a certain period of time.
- channel access may be restricted for a predetermined time from when the station determines that transmission of the first frame has failed.
- the predetermined time may be determined based on the maximum value of the channel access time limit. That is, transmission of the station may not be allowed during the channel access restriction period remaining from when the station determines that transmission of the first frame has failed. Accordingly, the station may not attempt transmission during the channel access restriction period remaining from when the station determines that transmission of the first frame has failed.
- the channel access restriction may be that the station determines that the NAV is set when determining whether the radio medium is idle.
- the first transmission may indicate the first transmission among transmissions performed according to EDCA. Accordingly, even when transmission, which is a response to a frame received by the station, fails, channel access restriction may not be applied for a certain period of time. Transmission as a response to the frame received by the station may include at least one of transmission of an ACK frame, transmission of a BA frame, transmission of a CTS frame, and transmission of a TB PPDU. Also, the first transmission may indicate the first transmission before the station receives a frame setting the station as the destination device or intended recipient. In addition, the first transmission may indicate transmission performed before the elapse of the maximum value of the channel access time limit from when the station leaves the blind state. At this time, the station performs transmission after the maximum value of the channel access limiting time has elapsed since the station came out of the blind state, and even if the transmission fails, the station's channel access is not restricted.
- not applying the channel access restriction may include releasing the channel access restriction after the channel access restriction.
- the operation of not applying the channel access restriction may be to set the remaining time of the channel access restriction section to 0 when the channel access restriction is applied and then a condition corresponding to an exception to the application of the channel access restriction is satisfied.
- 39 shows an Operation element including information about a channel access time limit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the channel access time may be determined based on the time the station maintains the blind state.
- the AP may signal the threshold value of the time during which the station used in these embodiments maintains the blind state through an element of the management frame.
- the AP may signal the channel access time limit through an element of the management frame.
- the AP may signal whether to adaptively adjust the channel access limiting time based on the time the station maintains the blind state through an element of the management frame.
- an element of a management frame may be an operation element.
- the station may determine the channel access time limit based on a threshold for remaining blind state signaled from an AP associated with the station. Also, the station may apply channel access restrictions based on the channel access restriction time signaled from the AP associated with the station. In addition, the station may apply the channel access restriction based on whether to adaptively adjust the channel access restriction time signaled from the AP associated with the station based on the time the station maintains the blind state.
- NoNAVSyncDelayThreshold indicates a threshold value for determining whether channel access restriction is applied.
- ShortNAVSyncDelayThreshold indicates a threshold value for determining whether a relatively short channel access time limit is applied.
- ProportionalNAVSyncDelay indicates whether the channel access time limit is determined based on the time the station stays in the blind state.
- a station may transmit a PPDU whose transmission starts simultaneously with the PPDU transmission of another station of a non-STR multi-link device including the station.
- simultaneous start of transmission of a plurality of PPDUs may indicate that transmission starts within a pre-specified time difference.
- a PPDU whose transmission starts within a predetermined time difference from the start of transmission of other PPDUs is referred to as a start sync PPDU. This will be described with reference to FIG. 40 .
- FIG. 40 shows that a station performs simultaneous transmission with another station of a non-STR multi-link device including the station in a channel access restriction period according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a station of a non-STR multi-link device transmits a start sync PPDU
- a synchronized PPDU and a transmission end time may be different.
- the station may be limited not to request an immediate response.
- the immediate response may include at least one of an ACK frame and a BA frame.
- a station transmitting a start sync PPDU whose transmission ends first may be restricted from requesting an immediate response. In this case, general response rules may not apply.
- an immediate response may not be transmitted according to the determination of the station receiving the start sync PPDU.
- the station receiving the start sync PPDU may determine whether to transmit an immediate response based on whether the received PPDU is a start sync PPDU and whether the PPDU transmitting the start sync PPDU is a station of a non-STR multi-link device.
- the first station and the second station of one non-STR multi-link device respectively operate in the first link and the second link. If the first station obtains a transmission opportunity through a backoff procedure in the first link, and the second station detects that the second link is idle during PIFS at the time when the transmission opportunity is obtained, the first station and the second station may transmit a start sync PPDU. In this case, even if the channel access restriction is applied immediately after the second station leaves the blind state, the second station may transmit the start sync PPDU. Even in this embodiment, the second station must detect that the channel is idle during PIFS.
- a predetermined time period other than PIFS such as DIFS, may be used.
- the AP may signal to the station whether the station can transmit the start sync PPDU as an exception to the channel access restriction in the channel access restriction period.
- the AP may signal to the station through an operation element whether the station can transmit the start sync PPDU as an exception to the channel access restriction in the channel access restriction period.
- the operation element may include a field indicating whether the station can transmit the start sync PPDU as an exception to the channel access restriction in the channel access restriction period. For convenience of description, this field is referred to as a NAVSyncDelay exception field.
- the station can transmit the start sync PPDU as an exception to the channel access restriction in the channel access restriction period. If the NAVSyncDelay exception field indicates that the station cannot transmit the starting sync PPDU as an exception to the channel access restriction in the channel access restriction period, the station cannot transmit the starting sync PPDU as an exception to the channel access restriction in the channel access restriction period.
- each of the first station (STA#1) and the second station (STA#2) of the non-STR multi-link device operates on the first link (Link 1) and the second link (Link 2). .
- the first AP (AP#1) and the second AP (AP#2) of the STR multi-link device operate in a first link (Link 1) and a second link (Link 2), respectively. While the first station (STA#1) transmits the UL PPDU (UL PPDU#1) on the first link (Link 1), the second station (STA#2) is switched to a blind state. Channel access restriction is applied to the second station (STA#2) out of the blind state.
- the first station (STA#1) succeeds in the backoff procedure and acquires a transmission opportunity.
- the second station (STA#2) detects that the second link (Link 2) is idle during the PIFS. Therefore, even if the second station (STA#2) is within the channel access restriction period, the first station (STA#1) and the second station (STA#2) transmit the starting sync PPDUs (UL PPDU#2_1 and UL PPDU#2_2). send.
- 41 shows that a station performs simultaneous transmission with another station of a non-STR multi-link device including the station in a channel access restriction period according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the station may receive parameters related to channel sensing, that is, CCA, from the AP to which the station is coupled.
- Parameters related to CCA may include an ED threshold.
- the station may perform CCA according to parameters related to CCA received from the AP. Specifically, the station may perform ED according to the ED threshold value received from the AP. This operation can also be applied when the station performs channel access to transmit the starting sync PPDU as an exception to the channel access restriction.
- ED can be used.
- a normal sync PPDU ED an ED for transmitting a starting sync PPDU when channel access restriction is not applied.
- an ED performed by a station to transmit a start sync PPDU as an exception to channel access restriction is referred to as an exception sync PPDU ED.
- the station may perform an exceptional sync PPDU ED using a threshold smaller than the threshold used in the normal sync PPDU ED.
- the station may determine whether it is idle for a longer time period than the time period used in the normal sync PPDU ED.
- the AP may signal to the STA whether the condition of the exception sync PPDU ED is stricter than the ED condition of the normal sync PPDU. Specifically, the AP may signal the condition of the exception sink PPDU ED to the STA. For example, the AP may signal the threshold used in the exception sink PPDU ED to the station. In addition, the length of the idle time interval used in the exception sink PPDU ED may be signaled to the station. The AP may perform these signaling using an Operation element.
- the AP may signal whether the station can transmit the starting sync PPDU as an exception to the channel access restriction.
- the station may transmit the start sync PPDU in the channel access restriction period only when it is signaled that the station can transmit the start sync PPDU as an exception to the channel access restriction. At this time, the station may transmit the start sync PPDU according to the exception sync PPDU ED condition.
- each of the first station (STA#1) and the second station (STA#2) of the non-STR multi-link device operates on the first link (Link 1) and the second link (Link 2). .
- the first AP (AP#1) and the second AP (AP#2) of the STR multi-link device operate in a first link (Link 1) and a second link (Link 2), respectively. While the first station (STA#1) transmits the UL PPDU (UL PPDU#1) on the first link (Link 1), the second station (STA#2) is switched to a blind state. Channel access restriction is applied to the second station (STA#2) out of the blind state.
- the first station (STA#1) succeeds in the backoff procedure and acquires a transmission opportunity.
- the second station (STA#2) detects that the second link (Link 2) is idle during the PIFS by using -82 dBm, which is lower than the threshold used in the normal sync PPDU ED. Therefore, even if the second station (STA#2) is within the channel access restriction period, the first station (STA#1) and the second station (STA#2) transmit the starting sync PPDUs (UL PPDU#2_1 and UL PPDU#2_2). send.
- channel access of a station of the multi-link device out of the blind state may be restricted.
- channel access of the station of the multi-link device may be restricted during MediumSyncDelay.
- This case may be a case where a plurality of stations of a multi-link device operate in a non-STR link.
- a second station operating in a second link among stations of the non-STR multi-link device may be in a blind state. Therefore, when the second station of the non-STR multi-link device is out of the blind state, it may be the time point when the transmission in the second link is terminated.
- the first link and the second link may be a non-STR link pair.
- channel access restriction may be applied when a duration of a time interval in which a station of a multi-link device is in a blind state is greater than a predetermined threshold value.
- the threshold may be referred to as aMediumSyncThreshold.
- a station of a multi-link device may start a MediumSyncDelay timer. At this time, when the value of the MediumSyncDelay timer is greater than 0, channel access of stations of the multi-link device is restricted. A station of a multi-link device releases channel access restrictions when the value of the MediumSyncDelay timer becomes 0.
- the MediumSyncDelay timer of a station of a multi-link device may be applied to all EDCAFs of a station of a multi-link device.
- a start frame When a channel access restriction is applied to a station of a multi-link device, the type of frame that the station of the multi-link device can transmit as a first frame, hereinafter, a start frame may be limited.
- the start frame may be an RTS frame.
- the number of times a station of the multi-link device can attempt channel access may be limited in a time interval to which the channel access restriction is applied. Specifically, the number of times a station of a multi-link device can attempt channel access until the MediumSyncDelay timer expires may be limited. At this time, the channel access attempt may be an attempt to transmit the start frame described above.
- the maximum number of attempts may be designated from the AP multi-link device. For example, when the maximum number of attempts is designated as 1, a station of a multi-link device may attempt RTS frame transmission once while the value of the MediumSyncDelay timer is greater than 0.
- the maximum number of attempts may be counted regardless of whether transmission is successful or not. Also, even if the MediumSyncDelay timer is reset, the maximum number of attempts may not be reset. For example, the MediumSyncDelay timer may be reset before the MediumSyncDelay timer expires after the maximum number of attempts is 1 and the station of the multi-link device attempts channel access for transmission of the initiation frame. At this time, the station of the multi-link device may not be allowed to attempt transmission of the start frame again. A station may consider a channel access failed if it does not receive a response frame to the initiation frame within a pre-specified time.
- the start frame may be an RTS frame.
- the response frame may be a CTS frame.
- the predetermined time may be CTStimeout.
- a station of a multi-link device may use a CCA-ED threshold as a pre-specified value.
- the pre-designated value may be designated by the AP.
- the specified value may be a value smaller than when channel access restriction is not applied, for example, a value lower than -62 dBm.
- the channel access restriction may be released.
- the station of the multi-link device may set the value of the MediumSyncDelay timer to 0.
- the station of the multi-link device may set the value of the MediumSyncDelay timer to 0.
- a station of a non-AP multi-link device may not be allowed to set the value of the MediumSyncDelay timer to 0 based on an RTS frame transmitted by another non-AP station.
- the value of aMediumSyncThreshold may be set based on at least one of a CTS frame, an RTS frame, and an ACK. Specifically, the value of aMediumSyncThreshold may be set based on the time required when the CTS frame, the RTS frame, and the ACK are transmitted in a non-HT duplicated PPDU format or a non-HT PPDU format. In a specific embodiment, the value of aMediumSyncThreshold may be set based on the time required when the CTS frame, the RTS frame, and the ACK are transmitted in a non-HT duplicated PPDU format or a non-HT PPDU format at a basic rate. In this case, the basic rate may be 6 Mbps.
- the value of aMediumSyncThreshold may be set to a value equal to or greater than the time required when the CTS frame, the RTS frame, and the ACK are transmitted in a non-HT duplicated PPDU format or a non-HT PPDU format at a basic rate.
- the value of aMediumSyncThreshold may be set to a time equal to or greater than a time required when an initiation frame is transmitted in a non-HT duplicated PPDU format or a non-HT PPDU format at a basic rate.
- the start frame may be an RTS frame
- the value of aMediumSyncThreshold may be 52 us.
- 52 us is the time required to transmit a non-HT PPDU or non-HT duplicated PPDU including an RTS frame.
- the time required for the preamble of the non-HT PPDU or non-HT duplicated PPDU is 20us
- the time required for RTS frame transmission is 32us.
- 32us is the time required to transmit 20 octets included in the RTS frame, 2 octets corresponding to the service field, and 6 bits corresponding to the tail at 6 Mbps.
- one symbol transmitted at 6 Mbps may include 24 bits.
- the reason why the value of aMediumSyncThreshold is set based on the transmission time of the start frame is that when channel access is restricted, the station of the multi-link device transmits the start frame to obtain TXOP. Specifically, when a station of a multi-link device transmits an initiation frame, other stations may enter a blind state. Accordingly, when a value of aMediumSyncThreshold is set to a time shorter than the time required for transmission of the start frame, channel access of stations around the station of the multi-link device may be restricted sequentially. This can be prevented by setting the value of aMediumSyncThreshold based on the transmission time of the start frame.
- the transmission rate of the PPDU including the start frame may be determined based on the value of aMediumSyncThreshold. Specifically, the station of the multi-link device may determine the transmission rate of the PPDU including the start frame so that the required transmission time of the PPDU including the start frame is equal to or less than the time of aMediumSyncThreshold. For example, when the value of aMediumSyncThreshold is 44us and the starting frame is an RTS frame, a station of a multi-link device may transmit a non-HT PPDU including an RTS frame using a data rate higher than 6 Mbps.
- the data rate of the PPDU including the start frame may be designated in advance. Specifically, the data rate of the PPDU including the start frame may be designated as a value greater than 6 Mbps. Specifically, the data rate of the PPDU including the start frame may be designated as a value greater than 12 Mbps.
- the channel access of a station unable to perform medium monitoring due to transmission of the initial frame, that is, in a blind state may not be restricted when the station is out of the blind state. Specifically, even if the station is in a blind state for a duration longer than aMediumSyncThreshold due to transmission of the initial frame, the station's channel access may not be restricted when it is out of the blind state. Through this, when channel access of one station is restricted, it is possible to prevent chain access of a plurality of stations around the station from being restricted.
- a single radio multi-link device may refer to a multi-link device in which the operation of a station is limited according to the definition of an operation mode as well as a multi-link device in which the operation of a station is limited due to hardware constraints.
- the single radio multi-link device of the present specification supports simultaneous transmission or reception of a plurality of stations of the multi-link device, but does not support simultaneous transmission or reception of a plurality of stations of the multi-link device under specific conditions. It may include a multi-link device that does not. In this case, the specific condition may include a specific point in time.
- a multi-link device may include a first station operating on a first link, a second station operating on a second link, and a third station operating on a third link.
- the EMLSR mode is applied to the first station and the second station of the multi-link device, and the third station may not operate. In this case, the first station and the second station may not be allowed to perform simultaneous frame exchange.
- the above-described channel access restriction may be applied to a station that is difficult to perform medium monitoring due to an operation mode.
- the operation of the AP may be replaced by the operation of the non-AP station, and the operation of the non-AP station may be replaced by the operation of the AP. Therefore, the operation of the AP of the non-STR multi-link device is replaced by the operation of the non-AP station of the non-STR multi-link device, and the operation of the non-AP station of the STR multi-link device is replaced by the operation of the AP of the STR multi-link device. can be substituted.
- the operation of the non-AP station of the non-STR multi-link device is replaced by the operation of the AP of the non-STR multi-link device
- the operation of the AP of the STR multi-link device is the operation of the non-AP station of the STR multi-link device.
- channel access restriction when channel access restriction is applied for medium access recovery, channel access of a station may be restricted according to a parameter specified by an AP. Parameter values applied to channel access restrictions will be described with reference to FIG. 42 .
- Parameters applied to channel access restrictions include the number of allowed channel access attempts during the channel access timeout period, the CCA-ED threshold used to determine whether the channel is idle during the channel access timeout period, and the duration of the channel access timeout period. At least one of them may be included.
- the channel access limit time interval may be a time interval in which the value of the MediumSyncDelay timer is greater than 0, as described above.
- the station may set the initial value of the MediumSyncDelay timer according to the default value or the duration of the channel access limited time interval indicated by the AP.
- the default value may be aPPDUMaxTime.
- aPPDUMaxTime may be the transmission time of the longest PPDU allowed to be transmitted in the EHT PHY. Therefore, aPPDUMaxTime may be 5.484 ms.
- the CCA-ED threshold used to determine whether the channel is idle in the channel access time limit may be lower than the CCA-ED threshold applied outside the channel access time limit.
- the CCA-ED threshold outside the channel access time limit is referred to as dot11OFDMEDThreshold, and the CCA-ED threshold of the channel access time limit is referred to as dot11MSDOFDMEDthreshold.
- the value of dot11OFDMEDThreshold is -62 dBm, and the value of dot11MSDOFDMEDthreshold may be -62 dBm to -72 dBm.
- the value of dot11MSDOFDMEDthreshold for which the value of dot11MSDOFDMEDthreshold is not indicated by the AP may be -72 dBm.
- the maximum number of channel accesses in the channel access time limit may be applied as described above.
- the station may regard the default value as the maximum number of channel accesses.
- the maximum number of channel accesses may be 1.
- the AP may signal a parameter applied to channel access restriction using an element related to multi-link.
- an element related to multi-link may be a Basic Multi-Link element.
- the Basic Multi-Link element may include a field indicating parameters applied to channel access restrictions.
- the field may be referred to as a Medium Synchronization Delay Information field.
- the station may receive a Basic Multi-Link element including a Medium Synchronization Delay Information field, and obtain a parameter value applied to channel access restriction from the Medium Synchronization Delay Information field. At this time, the station may apply a parameter indicated by the most recently received Medium Synchronization Delay Information field to channel access. If the station has never received the Medium Synchronization Delay Information field from the associated AP after associating with the AP, the station may apply the default value of the parameter to limit channel access.
- the Medium Synchronization Delay Information field includes the Medium Synchronization Duration subfield indicating the duration of the channel access timeout interval, the Medium Synchronization OFDM ED Threshold subfield indicating the CCA-ED threshold value of the channel access timeout interval, and the channel access timeout interval.
- a Medium Synchronization Maximum Number Of TXOPs subfield indicating the maximum number of channel access attempts may be included.
- the Medium Synchronization Duration subfield may be an 8-bit field.
- the Medium Synchronization OFDM ED Threshold subfield may be a 4-bit field.
- the Medium Synchronization Maximum Number Of TXOPs subfield may be a 4-bit field.
- the AP may not be allowed to signal a value smaller than the default value for the channel access limited time interval.
- the default value may be aPPDUMaxtime.
- the station may set a value obtained by adding a default value to a value indicated by the value of the Medium Synchronization Duration subfield as the duration of the channel access restriction time interval. For example, when the Medium Synchronization duration subfield indicates 100, the initial value of the MediumSyncDelay timer of the station may be set to aPPDUMaxtime + 100*32 us. At this time, the initial value of the MediumSyncDelay timer may be 8.609 ms.
- a value of the Medium Synchronization OFDM ED Threshold subfield may be set to 0 to 10.
- the station may set a value obtained by adding the default value to the value indicated by the Medium Synchronization OFDM ED Threshold subfield as the value of dot11MSDOFDMEDthreshold. For example, when the value of the Medium Synchronization OFDM ED Threshold subfield is 2, the station may set the value of dot11MSDOFDMEDthreshold to -70 dBm.
- the Medium Synchronization Maximum Number Of TXOPs subfield may indicate the maximum number of channel access attempts -1. In this case, the station may attempt channel access by adding 1 to the value of the Medium Synchronization Maximum Number Of TXOPs subfield in the channel access time limit. In addition, when the value of the Medium Synchronization Maximum Number Of TXOPs subfield is set to a pre-specified value, the Medium Synchronization Maximum Number Of TXOPs subfield indicates that the number of attempts by the station to access the channel is not limited in the channel access time interval. can In this case, the predefined value may be 15.
- 43 shows that a station performs a medium access recovery procedure according to parameter information received from an AP according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP#1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP#2) operating on a second link (Link 2). do.
- the non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA#1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA#2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the first station (STA#1) receives channel access restriction information (Medium Synchronization Delay Information field) from the first AP (AP#1).
- the second station (STA#2) cannot perform medium monitoring on the second link (Link 2) due to the frame exchange (UL PPDU) performed on the first link (Link1).
- channel access restriction is applied to the second station (STA#2) from the time the transmission of the first station (STA#1) ends. At this time, the second station (STA#2) applies the channel access restriction according to the channel access restriction information transmitted by the first AP (AP#1).
- the second station (STA#2) since the value of the Medium Synchronization Duration subfield is X, the second station (STA#2) sets the initial value of the MediumSyncDelay timer to X x 32us. Also, since the value of the Medium Synchronization OFDM ED subfield is 5, the second station (STA#2) sets the value of dot11MSDOFDMEDthreshold to -67 dBm.
- the second station (STA#2) since the value of the Medium Synchronization Maximum Number Of TXOPs subfield is 0, the second station (STA#2) may attempt channel access once in the channel access time limit period. Therefore, when the second station (STA#2) transmits the RTS frame in the channel access timeout period and does not receive the CTS frame within the CTStimeout, the second station (STA#2) grants channel access in the remaining channel access timeout period. can't try
- the station may enter the medium monitoring unavailable state again in the channel access restriction period.
- the method of applying the channel access restriction to the station may be a problem.
- the channel access restriction may be applied to the station again when the station leaves the medium monitoring impossible state. That is, when the station enters the medium monitoring impossible state again in the channel access restriction period, the station may set the MediumSyncDelay timer value to an initial value when the station gets out of the medium monitoring impossible state.
- the station may not be allowed to initialize the number of channel access attempts. This may be to prevent the station from setting the MediumSyncDelay timer to an initial value in order for the station to attempt channel access again.
- the station when the station enters the medium monitoring unavailable state again in the channel access restriction period, the station may increase the duration of the channel access restriction time period until the duration of the monitoring unavailability time period. Specifically, when the station enters the medium monitoring impossible state again in the channel access restriction period, the station in the monitoring impossible state may not be allowed to decrease the value of the MediumSyncDelay timer. Alternatively, when the station enters the medium monitoring impossible state again in the channel access restriction period, the station may increase the value of the MediumSyncDelay timer by the time period of the monitoring impossible state.
- the station can protect the transmission of neighboring stations by increasing the time period to which the channel access restriction is applied.
- the station may set the MediumSyncDelay timer value to an initial value when the station gets out of the medium monitoring impossible state.
- the station may not be allowed to initialize the number of channel access attempts.
- the station may repeatedly enter a non-monitoring state. At this time, if the number of channel access attempts is not initialized, the station's channel access may be excessively limited. This will be described with reference to FIG. 44 .
- the AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP#1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP#2) operating on a second link (Link 2). do.
- the non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA#1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA#2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the second station (STA#2) cannot perform medium monitoring on the first link (Link 1) due to the frame exchange (UL PPDU) performed on the second link (Link2). Therefore, channel access restriction is applied to the first station (STA#1) from the time the transmission of the second station (STA#2) ends.
- the first station (STA#1) transmits the RTS frame and does not receive the CTS frame. Thereafter, the first station (STA#1) enters a state in which medium monitoring is disabled before the channel access time limit period ends, and the first station (STA#1) sets the MediumSyncDelay timer to an initial value. Since the first station (STA#1) has already attempted channel access, and the maximum number of channel access attempts is set to 1, it cannot attempt channel access until the channel access time limit expires. Thereafter, the first station (STA#1) re-enters a state in which medium monitoring is not possible before the channel access time limit period ends, and the first station (STA#1) sets the MediumSyncDelay timer to an initial value.
- the first station (STA#1) re-enters a state in which medium monitoring is not possible before the channel access time limit period ends, and the first station (STA#1) sets the MediumSyncDelay timer to an initial value. Accordingly, the first station (STA#1) cannot attempt channel access for an excessively long time. A method for solving this problem will be described with reference to FIG. 45 .
- 45 shows that the station continuously resets the MediumSyncDelay timer according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the station may attempt channel access exceeding the number of channel access attempts within the channel access time limit.
- the pre-designated time may be designated by the AP.
- the pre-designated time may be a fixed time, for example, aPPDUMAXTime.
- the predetermined time may be longer than the duration of the channel access limited time period.
- the station may initialize the number of channel access attempts within the channel access time limit. For example, the station may set a timer for initializing the number of channel access attempts at the start of the channel access timeout period. The value of the channel access attempt reset timer decreases regularly over time.
- the station may set the number of channel access attempts within the channel access time limit to 0. In this case, when the station sets the timer for initializing the number of channel access attempts, the station may set the value of the timer for initializing the number of channel access attempts to be the same as the value of the MediumSyncDelay timer. In another specific embodiment, when the station sets the timer for initializing the number of channel access attempts, the station may set the value of the timer for initializing the number of channel access attempts to a value indicated by the AP. At this time, the AP may set only the value of the MediumSyncDelay timer and a larger value as the initial value of the channel access attempt reset timer.
- the station may increase the maximum value of the number of channel access attempts.
- the station may increase the maximum value of the number of channel access attempts based on the duration of the increased channel access time interval. Specifically, when the timer for initializing the number of channel access attempts expires, the station may add the initial value of the maximum channel access attempt to the maximum value of the channel access attempt.
- the station may set the timer for initializing the number of channel access attempts.
- the station may set the timer for initializing the number of channel access attempts.
- the station may set the channel access attempt count initialization timer when the station resets the MediumSyncDelay timer.
- Embodiments of setting the timer for initializing the number of channel access attempts described above may be applied only when the initial value of the number of channel access attempts is greater than a pre-specified value.
- a predefined value may be 2.
- the timer for initializing the number of channel access attempts may not be set.
- the timer for initializing the number of channel access attempts may be set according to the above-described embodiments.
- the channel access attempt count initialization timer may also be set to 0.
- the AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP#1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP#2) operating on a second link (Link 2). do.
- the non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA#1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA#2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the second station (STA#2) cannot perform medium monitoring on the first link (Link 1) due to the frame exchange (UL PPDU) performed on the second link (Link2). Therefore, channel access restriction is applied to the first station (STA#1) from the time the transmission of the second station (STA#2) ends.
- the first station (STA#1) transmits the RTS frame and does not receive the CTS frame. Thereafter, the first station (STA#1) enters a state in which medium monitoring is disabled before the channel access time limit period ends, and the first station (STA#1) sets the MediumSyncDelay timer to an initial value. Since the first station (STA#1) has already attempted channel access, and the maximum number of channel access attempts is set to 1, it cannot attempt channel access until the channel access time limit expires. At this time, when the first station (STA#1) sets the MediumSyncDelay timer to an initial value, the first station (STA#1) sets the channel access attempt number initialization timer (MediumSyncDelay timer#1').
- the channel access attempt reset timer (MediumSyncDelay timer#1') expires
- the first station (STA#1) attempts channel access again (RTS frame transmission).
- Station 1 (STA#1) receives the CTS frame and recovers medium sync.
- the multi-link device may deactivate some of a plurality of links in which the multi-link device operates.
- a station of a multi-link device operating in a deactivated link may perform a power save operation to enter a power save state (doze state).
- a power save state In a conventional wireless LAN, an AP is not allowed to enter a power saving state. This is because the AP needs to periodically transmit a management frame, such as a beacon frame, and receive an association request from a new station.
- a multi-link device includes a plurality of stations operating in different links, and frame exchange in an inactive link may be very limited. Accordingly, among the APs of the AP multi-link device, an AP operating in an inactive link may enter a power saving state. In the power saving state, the AP of the AP multi-link device can support only minimum operations. Specifically, in the power saving state, the AP of the AP multi-link device performs CCA and PD, but may not support frame exchange.
- frame exchange in the corresponding link may be restricted. Specifically, exchange of data frames, management frames, and control frames may not be allowed in a deactivated link. However, transmission of a peer to peer (P2P) PPDU from a non-AP station to a P2P peer station in a deactivated link may be permitted.
- P2P peer to peer
- the AP multi-link device may signal information related to a time period during which a link is deactivated through a management frame.
- the information related to the time interval to be deactivated may include at least one of a start time and a duration of the time interval to be deactivated.
- the AP multi-link device may signal information related to a time interval in which a link is deactivated through a multi-link element included in a management frame.
- the Multi-Link element may include a time when a link starts to be deactivated and a duration of a time interval in which the link is deactivated.
- the Common Info field of the Multi-Link element may include the time at which the link starts to be deactivated and the duration of the time interval in which the link is deactivated.
- the management frame may be at least one of a beacon frame and a probe response frame.
- the AP multi-link device may signal information about deactivation of the second link in the first link through the management frame.
- the multi-link element of the management frame may include a per-STA profile indicating information about individual links and APs operating in individual links.
- the AP multi-link device may signal information about deactivation of the second link using the Per-STA profile of the multi-link element transmitted in the first link.
- the non-AP multi-link device may obtain information about deactivation of the second link from the Per-STA profile of the multi-link element transmitted on the first link.
- the Per-STA profile may include information about a link corresponding to the Per-STA profile, an AP operating on a link corresponding to the Per-STA profile, and a BSS operated by an AP operating on a link corresponding to the Per-STA profile.
- the Per-STA profile may indicate the MAC address of an AP operating on a link corresponding to the Per-STA profile, a non-STR link pair, a beacon period, and DTIM information.
- the AP multi-link device may signal whether a link is deactivated using a reduced neighbor report (RNR) element of a management frame.
- the AP multi-link device may use the TBTT Information field to signal whether a link corresponding to the TBTT Information field is deactivated.
- the TBTT Information field may indicate a 1-bit Unavailable Link Indication field indicating whether a link corresponding to the TBTT Information field is disabled. When a link corresponding to the TBTT Information field is inactivated, the value of the TBTT Information field may be set to 1.
- the AP multi-link device indicates the TU difference between the previous TBTT and the next TBTT of the neighboring AP by using the Neighbor AP TBTT offset subfield of the TBTT Information field of the RNR element included in the management frame.
- the Neighbor AP TBTT offset subfield indicates that the TU difference between the previous TBTT and the next TBTT of the AP is unknown.
- the TBTT Information field of the RNR element indicates information about an AP operating on a deactivated link
- the AP may set the value of the Neighbor AP TBTT offset subfield of the TBTT Information field of the RNR element to 255. This is because transmission of a beacon frame is not allowed on an inactive link.
- An AP multi-link device may not specify the duration of a time interval in which a link is deactivated.
- the AP multi-link device transmits the first frame in the deactivated link
- the corresponding link may be activated again.
- the type of the first frame may be designated in advance.
- the non-AP multi-link device may determine that the corresponding link is activated again.
- the first frame may be a beacon frame or a probe response frame.
- the first frame may be transmitted at a basic rate, for example, 6 Mbps or 24 Mbps.
- the first frame may be transmitted in a non-HT duplicated format. When these embodiments are applied, more stations can decode the first frame.
- a non-AP multi-link device may perform channel access based on information related to a time period during which a link is deactivated.
- the non-AP multi-link device may manage TID-to-Link mapping based on information related to a time period in which a link is deactivated.
- Presence Bitmap subfield of Basic Multi-Link element may include Link Unavailability Parameters Present subfield.
- Link Unavailability Parameters Present subfield When the value of the Link Unavailability Parameters Present subfield is 1, the Common Info field of the Basic Multi-Link element may include the Link Unavailability Parameters field.
- the Link Unavailability Parameters field may be a 3-octet field.
- the Link Unavailability Parameters field may include a Link Unavailability Count subfield indicating a point in time at which a link corresponding to the Link Unavailability Parameters field is deactivated.
- the Link Unavailability Count subfield may be a 1 octet field. If the value of the Link Unavailability Count subfield is 0, it may indicate that the link corresponding to the Link Unavailability Parameters field is deactivated after the management frame including the Link Unavailability Count subfield is transmitted. Also, the Link Unavailability Count subfield may be set to one of values from 0 to 255.
- the ink Unavailability Parameters field may include a Link Unavailability Duration subfield indicating the duration of an inactive time interval of a link corresponding to the Link Unavailability Parameters field.
- the Link Unavailability Duration subfield can be a 2-octet or 1-octet field.
- the Link Unavailability Duration subfield is a 1-octet field
- the value of the Link Unavailability Duration subfield may be set to one of 0 to 255.
- the Link Unavailability Duration subfield is a 2-octet field
- the value of the Link Unavailability Duration subfield may be set to one of 0 to 65535.
- a value of the Link Unavailability Duration subfield may indicate the duration of the link inactivity time interval in units of beacon intervals. For example, when the beacon interval is 100 ms and the value of the Link Unavailability Duration subfield is 2, the duration of the link inactivity time interval may be 200 ms. In another specific embodiment, the value of the Link Unavailability Duration subfield may indicate the duration of the link inactivity time interval in units of TUs. When the value of the Link Unavailability Duration subfield is 100, the duration of the link unavailability time interval may be 100 TUs.
- the Link Unavailability Duration subfield may indicate that the duration of the link inactivity time interval is not specified.
- an embodiment of a case in which the AP multi-link device described above does not specify the duration of the link inactivity time period may be applied.
- the AP multi-link device may signal information about deactivation of the second link in the first link through the management frame.
- FIG. 47 shows a format of signaling information related to deactivation of a second link in a first link in an AP multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the AP multi-link device may signal whether a link is deactivated using a reduced neighbor report (RNR) element of a management frame.
- the BSS Parameters subfield of the RNR element may include an Unavailable Link Indication subfield indicating whether a link corresponding to the BSS Parameter subfield is inactive. When the value of the Unavailable Link Indication subfield is 1, the Unavailable Link Indication subfield may indicate that the link corresponding to the BSS Parameter subfield is disabled.
- a link corresponding to the BSS Parameter subfield may be a link corresponding to an ID of a link indicated by a TBTT Information field including the BSS Parameter subfield.
- the multi-link element of the management frame may include a per-STA profile indicating information about individual links and APs operating in individual links.
- the AP multi-link device may signal information about deactivation of the second link using the Per-STA profile of the multi-link element transmitted in the first link.
- the non-AP multi-link device may obtain information about deactivation of the second link from the Per-STA profile of the multi-link element transmitted on the first link.
- the Per-STA profile may include information about a link corresponding to the Per-STA profile, an AP operating on a link corresponding to the Per-STA profile, and a BSS operated by an AP operating on a link corresponding to the Per-STA profile.
- the Per-STA profile may indicate the MAC address of an AP operating on a link corresponding to the Per-STA profile, a non-STR link pair, a beacon period, and DTIM information.
- the Per-STA profile may be indicated by the STA Control field and the STA info field.
- the STA Control field may include a Link Unavailability Parameters Present subfield indicating whether the STA info field includes the Link Unavailability Parameters subfield.
- the Link Unavailability Parameters Present subfield may indicate that the STA info field includes the Link Unavailability Parameters field.
- the Link Unavailability Parameters field indicates whether a link corresponding to the STA info field is disabled.
- the non-AP station corresponds to a non-AP station other than the non-AP station Per -The STA profile may not be decoded. In this case, the non-AP station does not know that the inactive state of the link in which the non-AP station does not operate has changed. To prevent this, if the Per-STA profile corresponding to a link different from the link through which management is transmitted includes link deactivation information, the AP multi-link device generates a critical update in the TBTT Information field containing the Per-STA profile. can be instructed.
- the value of the BSS Parameters Change Count subfield of the TBTT Information field corresponding to the Per-STA profile including information on link deactivation may be increased by 1 from the previous value.
- the value of the BSS Parameters Change Count subfield of the TBTT Information field received by the station of the non-AP multi-link device is the same as the value of the BSS Parameters Change Count subfield of the previously received TBTT Information field. can be judged otherwise.
- the station of the non-AP multi-link device may obtain information corresponding to the critical update by decoding the Per-STA profile of the TBTT Information field.
- a station of a non-AP multi-link device may obtain information corresponding to a critical update by receiving a management frame, for example, a beacon frame, in a link corresponding to a Per-STA profile.
- Updates classified as critical updates in a conventional wireless LAN are as follows.
- changes in the Link Unavailability Parameters subfield and change in the Unavailable Link Indication subfield may be added.
- the AP multi-link device converts the value of the BSS Parameter Change Count subfield to the value of the BSS Parameter Change Count subfield transmitted immediately before. can be increased by 1.
- the non-AP station may determine that the inactive period has ended based on the Unavailable Link Indication subfield or the BSS Parameter Change Count subfield. Specifically, when the Unavailable Link Indication subfield indicates that the link corresponding to the Unavailable Link Indication subfield is not deactivated, the non-AP station determines that the deactivation time interval of the link corresponding to the Unavailable Link Indication subfield has ended. can In this case, when the value of the Unavailable Link Indication subfield is 0, the Unavailable Link Indication subfield may indicate that a link corresponding to the Unavailable Link Indication subfield is not deactivated.
- the non-AP station determines the inactivity time of the link corresponding to the BSS Parameter Change Count subfield. It can be determined that the section has ended.
- EDCA has been introduced to solve this problem.
- a station supporting EDCA is referred to as a QoS station
- an AP supporting EDCA is referred to as a QoS AP
- a BSS supporting EDCA is referred to as a QoS BSS.
- a QoS AP is referred to as an AP
- a QoS station as a station
- a QoS BSS as a BSS.
- ACs access categories
- the four ACs are AC_VO (AC Voice), AC_VI (AC Video), AC_BE (AC Best Effort), and AC_BK (AC Background).
- the value of the parameter for CW is determined according to AC.
- the maximum value of TXOP may be determined according to AC.
- the value of the AIFSN parameter may be determined according to AC.
- AC_VO is an AC for traffic that does not have a large absolute amount of traffic, such as voice traffic, but is vulnerable to transmission delay, and relatively small CW parameter and AIFSN parameter values are mapped.
- the maximum value of TXOP of AC_VO has a relatively smaller value than the maximum value of TXOP of other ACs.
- AC_VI is more tolerant to transmission delay than voice traffic, but is an AC for video traffic that requires low-latency transmission and handles a large amount of traffic.
- parameters of CW that are larger than AC_VO but smaller than CW parameters and AIFSN parameters of other ACs and AIFSN parameter values are mapped.
- the maximum TXOP value of AC_VO is approximately twice as long as the maximum TXOP value of AC_VI.
- AC_BE is an AC for traffic tolerant of transmission delay, and most general traffic except for voice data and streaming video data can be classified as AC_BE.
- the CW parameter and AIFSN parameter of AC_BE are mapped with values greater than the CW parameter and AIFSN parameter of AC_VO and the CW parameter and AIFSN parameter of AC_VI.
- a separate maximum TXOP value is not mapped to AC_BE.
- AC_BE is not allowed to transmit using a continuous transmission sequence.
- AC_BK is traffic that is robust against transmission delay similarly to AC_BE, but is an AC for traffic that has a lower priority than BE traffic.
- AC_BK is mapped with the same CW parameter value as AC_BE, and a larger value than the AIFSN parameter of AC_BE is mapped with the AIFSN parameter value. In addition, a separate maximum TXOP value is not mapped to AC_BK. AC_BK is not allowed to transmit using a continuous transmission sequence.
- the four ACs described above are mapped to the UP (user-priority) of 802.1D, and the EDCA AC is determined according to the UP value of the traffic received over the wire or the TID of the MSDU indicated from the upper layer.
- the TID of the MSDU indicates a value of 0 to 7
- the value indicated by the TID may correspond to UP on a one-to-one basis.
- the default CW parameters (CWmin, CWmax), AIFSN parameter, and maximum TXOP of each of the four ACs are defined in the 802.11 standard.
- the AC's CW parameters (CWmin, CWmax), AIFSN parameters, and maximum TXOP values are changed by the AP so that different values may be used for each BSS.
- traffic is stored in the queue corresponding to the AC of the traffic among the four queues.
- Channel access competition is performed between the four ACs, and traffic of the AC winning the competition is transmitted.
- access parameters for each AC (CW[AC], AIFSN[AC]) are used. At this time, the channel access operation is the same as that of the DCF.
- transmission priority may be applied for each AC because the value of the channel access parameter for each AC is different.
- HCCA HVF controlled channel access
- HCCA provides a centralized/hybrid coordinator function to ensure TS (Traffic Stream) QoS of applications (such as Voice and Video) that need to be serviced periodically.
- TS Traffic Stream
- SPCA service period channel access
- DMG stations can be used.
- a QoS enhancement method for multi-link devices may be required. Independent transmission queues may be used for each link of a multi-link device. In this case, the queue may be logically independent. When traffic is mapped for each link, QoS of traffic can be strengthened. This will be described with reference to FIG. 49 .
- an AP multi-link device includes (affiliates) a first AP (AP1) to a fourth AP (AP4).
- the non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (non-AP STA1) to a fourth station (non-AP STA4).
- Each of the first station (non-AP STA1) to the fourth station (non-AP STA4) operates in a first link (Link1) to a fourth link (Link1).
- Each of the first AP (AP1) to the fourth AP (AP4) operates in a first link (Link1) to a fourth link (Link1).
- traffic is mapped for each AC to each of the first AP (AP1) to the fourth AP (AP4).
- AC_BK is mapped to the first AP (AP1)
- AC_BE is mapped to the second AP (AP2)
- AC_VI is mapped to the third AP (AP3)
- AC_VO is mapped to the fourth AP (AP4).
- traffic corresponding to AC_BK is transmitted through the first AP (AP1)
- traffic corresponding to AC_BE is transmitted through the second AP (AP2)
- traffic corresponding to AC_VI is transmitted through the third AP (AP3)
- traffic corresponding to AC_VO is transmitted through the fourth AP (AP4).
- Channel quality and load conditions of each link may be different.
- the performance and operating bandwidth of each station may be different. Accordingly, the bandwidth and MCS of a PPDU including traffic may vary depending on which traffic is mapped to which link by the multi-link device.
- the first AP (AP1) of the AP multi-link device (AP MLD) when the first AP (AP1) operates in a 2.4 GHz band, the first AP (AP1) may operate an operating channel of 40 MHz.
- the fourth AP (AP4) When the fourth AP (AP4) operates in a 6 GHz band, the fourth AP (AP4) may operate an operating channel of up to 320 MHz.
- the AP multi-link device (AP MLD) may map traffic requiring high throughput and low-latency transmission to the fourth AP (AP4).
- a multi-link device may map traffic to each of a plurality of links in consideration of traffic characteristics. Through this, QoS of traffic transmission can be strengthened.
- a TID is mapped to each link, and transmission of traffic corresponding to the TID mapped to the corresponding link in each link may be prioritized. This will be described with reference to FIG. 50 .
- FIG. 50 shows that a multi-link device performs frame exchange according to TID link mapping according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Traffic transmitted in WLAN is identified by TID.
- a MAC frame such as a data frame or a QoS data frame, signals the TID of traffic included in the MAC frame through the TID service field.
- the QoS control field may include a TID service field.
- the TID identifies the traffic included in the MSDU or fragment or A-MSDU of the MAC frame.
- the TID corresponds to user priorities (UP) or traffic stream identifier (TSID).
- the TID service field is a total 4-bit field and can represent values from 0 to 15. When the value of the TID subfield is any one of 0 to 7, the value of the TID subfield represents the UP of the MSDU included in the frame body of the MAC frame including the TID subfield.
- a MAC frame is processed by a MAC entity using AC parameters corresponding to UP according to EDCA.
- the value of the TID subfield is any one of 8 to 15
- the value of the TID subfield indicates the TSID of the MSDU included in the frame body of the MAC frame including the TID subfield.
- the MAC frame is processed by the MAC entity using the parameter corresponding to the UP of the TSID indicated in the User Priority service field of the TS Info field of TSPEC.
- TSID UP may be indicated through the User Priority field of TCLAS.
- the Access Policy of TSID is indicated by the Access Policy field of the TS Info subfield.
- TID-to-Link mapping can be applied only when TID values are 0 to 7.
- the multi-link device maps the TID of the TS to the link, the UP of the TS and the alternate queue to be used for transmission of the TS (Alternate information about the queue) can be obtained.
- the multi-link device may use information about the UP and replacement queue acquired when transmitting traffic corresponding to the TID of the TS.
- a TID may be mapped to each of a plurality of links in which the multi-link device operates.
- the multi-link device may signal information about the TID mapped to each link to the multi-link device associated with the multi-link device.
- the multi-link device receiving the signaling may accept or reject the TID and link mapping. If an agreement on mapping between TIDs and links is not established, frame exchange may be performed without TID restrictions in each link. In another specific embodiment, when an agreement on mapping between TIDs and links is not established, frame exchange may be performed according to a default mapping between TIDs and links in each link.
- a multi-link device When a multi-link device maps TIDs to links, the multi-link device may have to map all TIDs to one or more links.
- a multi-link device transmits a frame including traffic corresponding to a TID mapped to a corresponding link in a link, and transmission of a frame including traffic corresponding to a TID not mapped to a corresponding link may not be allowed. there is.
- Mapping between TID and link may be performed for each multi-link device.
- mapping between TIDs and links may be mapped per transmission direction. For example, a TID mapped to an uplink may be different from a TID mapped to a downlink in one link.
- the first multi-link device maps TID values 0 to 3 to the first link and the second multi-link device maps the first link to the first link.
- TID values 4 to 7 can be mapped to the link.
- TID-to-Link mapping may be applied for each transmission direction. Specifically, TID-to-Link mapping applied to UL transmission and TID-to-Link mapping applied to DL transmission may be independently set for one link. For example, TID values 0 to 3 may be mapped to transmission of an AP multi-link device of the first link, and TID values 4 to 7 may be mapped to transmission of a non-AP multi-link device of the first link.
- mapping between TID and link may be replaced with mapping between AC and link, mapping between UP and link, mapping between TC and link, or mapping between TS and link.
- the remaining TID values not explicitly indicated in the mapping between the TID and the link may be mapped to the remaining links. For example, when it is signaled that TID values 0 to 3 are mapped to a first link, the remaining TID values excluding TID values 0 to 3 may be mapped to a second link. In another specific embodiment, transmission of traffic corresponding to all TIDs may be permitted in the second link.
- the mapping between the TID and the link may be changed during operation as well as initially connected between the multi-link devices.
- the multi-link device may change a mapping between a TID and a link.
- the multi-link device may disconnect the station when a station of a specific link enters a power saving mode.
- the multi-link device may request a mapping change between a TID and a link from a counterpart multi-link device. For example, when TID values 0 to 3 are mapped to the first link, the non-AP multi-link device may request the AP multi-link device to map TID values 0 to 3 to the second link.
- the multi-link device may request a mapping change between a TID and a link from a counterpart multi-link device.
- the multi-link device when the multi-link device rejects the TID-to-link mapping request, the multi-link device that has transmitted the TID-to-link mapping request re-requests the same TID-to-link mapping as the previously requested TID-to-link mapping. Doing may be limited for a pre-determined amount of time. This is to prevent repeated TID and link mapping requests.
- the pre-designated time may be a time indicated by the AP.
- the AP multi-link device may signal a pre-specified time through a BSS operating parameter.
- a multi-link device may signal mapping between TID and link using a TID-to-Link Mapping element.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping element may include a Link ID field.
- the Link ID field indicates a link signaling a TID-to-Link Mapping element.
- the TIDs Info field represents information on TIDs mapped to the link indicated by the Link ID field.
- the TIDs Info field may include a field indicating a value of a TID mapped to a link indicated by the Link ID field.
- the TIDs Info field may include a bitmap indicating values of TIDs mapped to the link indicated by the Link ID field. In this case, each bit of the bitmap is mapped to a specific TID, and when the bit is set to 1, it may indicate that the TID corresponding to the corresponding bit is mapped to the link indicated by the Link ID field.
- the AP multi-link device plans to transmit traffic having TIDs 0 to 3 on the first link (Link1) among the traffic to be transmitted to the non-AP multi-link device (non-AP MLD).
- the AP multi-link device maps TID values 0 to 3 to the first link (Link1) using a TID-to-Link Mapping element to the non-AP multi-link device (non-AP MLD), and It signals that TID values 4 to 7 are mapped to the link (Link2).
- the TID-to-Link Mapping element includes two Link ID fields indicating a first link and a second link, respectively, and two fields indicating TID information mapped to the first link and information mapped to the second link, respectively.
- the TIDs Info field may include 7 bits indicating TIDs 0 to 7, respectively.
- 8 bits of the TIDs info subfield may be set to 11110000 b to indicate TIDs 0 to 3
- 8 bits of the TIDs info subfield may be set to 00001111 b to indicate TIDs 4 to 7.
- the TIDs Info field may include a Min TID field and a Max TID field.
- the Min TID field indicates a minimum value among TIDs mapped to a link corresponding to the TIDs Info field
- the Max TID field indicates a maximum value among TIDs mapped to a link corresponding to the TIDs Info field.
- Each of the Min TID field and Max TID field may be a 3-bit or 4-bit field. For example, when each of the Min TID field and the Max TID field is 3 bits and the TIDs Info field indicates 0 to 3, the Min TID field may be set to 000 and the Max TID field may be set to 011 b .
- the TID-to-Link Mapping element signals only the TID mapped to the first link, and the TID mapped to the second link may be implicitly signaled. Specifically, since the TID-to-Link Mapping element explicitly signals that TIDs from 0 to 7 are mapped to the first link, the TID-to-Link Mapping element can implicitly signal that the remaining TIDs are mapped to the second link. there is.
- a non-AP multi-link device accepts mapping between a link and a TID indicated by the TID-to-Link Mapping element.
- the multi-link device can transmit traffic by differentiating ACs according to EDCA. For example, when a TID corresponding to AC_VO and a TID corresponding to AC_BK are mapped to the first link, the multi-link device may preferentially transmit traffic corresponding to AC_VO over traffic corresponding to AC_BK according to EDCA. In addition, all TIDs must be mapped to at least one link, and a multi-link device may not allow a mapping request between a link and a TID that is not mapped to any link for any one TID.
- the inactive link described above may not be mapped to any one TID. That is, a deactivated link may be a link to which no TID is mapped.
- a link in which a multi-link device operates includes a deactivated link, it may not be compulsory for all TIDs to be mapped to at least one link. Specifically, among the links in which the multi-link device operates, a TID value that is not mapped to an activated link may exist.
- TID and link As described above, if a separate mapping between TID and link is not set, the default mapping between TID and link is applied. In the embodiment of FIG. 51, all TIDs and TSIDs are mapped to links in the basic mapping between TIDs and links.
- the non-AP multi-link device operating on the first link may map the TID mapped to the first link to the second link.
- the second link may be a link in which the AP multi-link device and the non-AP multi-link device operate.
- the non-AP multi-link device may map the TID mapped to the first link to the second link.
- TID mapping may be performed without TID-to-Link mapping negotiation.
- TID-to-link mapping for transmission of an AP multi-link device as well as TID-to-link mapping for transmission of a non-AP multi-link device may be applied.
- the second link may be a pre-designated link.
- the second link may be a link designated through negotiation between the non-AP multi-link device and the AP multi-link device before the first link is deactivated.
- FIG. 52 shows that an AP multi-link device and a non-AP multi-link device change TID-to-Link mapping when any one link is deactivated according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- an AP multi-link device including a first AP (AP1), a second AP (AP2), and a third AP (AP3), a first station (Non-AP STA1), and a second A non-AP multi-link device (Non-AP MLD) including a station (Non-AP STA2) and a third station (Non-AP STA3) is combined.
- a first AP (AP1) and a first station (Non-AP STA1) operate on a first link (Link1).
- the second AP (AP2) and the second station (Non-AP STA2) operate on the second link (Link2).
- a third AP (AP3) and a third station (Non-AP STA3) operate on the third link (Link3).
- TID values 0 to 2 are mapped to uplink transmission and downlink transmission of the first link (Link1).
- TID values 3 to 4 are mapped to uplink transmission and downlink transmission of the second link (Link2).
- TID values 5 to 7 are mapped to uplink transmission and downlink transmission of the third link (Link3).
- the third link Link3 is deactivated.
- the AP multi-link device (AP MLD) and the non-AP multi-link device (Non-AP MLD) transmit TID values 5 to 7 mapped to the third link (Link3) to the first link (Link1) and the second link ( Link 2).
- the AP multi-link device (AP MLD) and the non-AP multi-link device (Non-AP MLD) can exchange frames corresponding to TID values 5 to 7 even if the third link (Link3) is deactivated.
- default mapping is performed on all links in which the AP multi-link device and the non-AP multi-link device operate.
- the default mapping may be that all TIDs, which are targets of TID-to-Link mapping, are mapped to the link.
- all TIDs subject to TID-to-Link mapping may have TID values of 0 to 7.
- all TIDs subject to TID-to-Link mapping may be TIDs having a TID value of 0 to 15.
- the TID-to-Link mapping applied to all links in which the AP multi-link device and the non-AP multi-link device operate are released and default mapping may be applied.
- the default mapping is not applied to the TID-to-Link mapping of the first link.
- the AP multi-link device Before the AP multi-link device deactivates any one link, the AP multi-link device may need to perform TID-to-Link mapping so that no TID is mapped to the corresponding link.
- the AP multi-link device transmits a management frame including information for deactivating any one link, the AP multi-link device may be obligated to transmit an element instructing TID-to-Link mapping together.
- the AP multi-link device transmits a beacon frame or a probe response frame including information for disabling any one link, the AP multi-link device is obliged to transmit an element instructing TID-to-Link mapping together. It can be.
- the non-AP multi-link device may not be allowed to reject TID-to-link mapping.
- the non-AP multi-link device may not be allowed to reject TID-to-link mapping.
- the management frame may indicate default mapping for links other than the deactivated link.
- the beacon frame or probe response frame is used for TID-to-Link mapping for links other than the disabled link.
- the default mapping of can be indicated.
- the beacon frame or probe response frame may indicate default mapping of TID-to-Link mapping for links other than a deactivated link using a TID-to-Link Mapping element.
- the AP multi-link device may transmit a TID-to-Link teardown frame. Specifically, before the AP multi-link device deactivates at least one link, the AP multi-link device may transmit a TID-to-Link mapping release frame to all links in which the AP multi-link device operates.
- the station receiving the TID-to-Link demapping frame sets the default TID mapping to the TID-to-Link mapping of the link on which the TID-to-Link demapping frame is received before any one link is deactivated. can be applied
- a separate TID-to-Link mapping release frame may not be transmitted.
- a non-AP multi-link device that receives a management frame including information for deactivating any one link, eg, a management frame, eg, a beacon frame or a probe response frame, is a non-AP Default mapping may be applied to the TID-to-Link mapping of the links other than the links configured in the multi-link device and the AP multi-link device that are deactivated.
- default mapping may be applied to the uplink TID-to-Link mapping of the links other than the deactivated link in the non-AP multi-link device and the links configured in the AP multi-link device.
- the AP multi-link device that transmits a management frame including information for deactivating any one link for example, a beacon frame or a probe response frame, is divided into a non-AP multi-link device and an AP multi-link device.
- the default mapping can be applied to the TID-to-Link mapping of the remaining links except for links that are disabled in the links configured in . That is, when any one link is deactivated, default mapping may be applied to the downlink TID-to-Link mapping of the remaining links except for the deactivated link in the links configured in the non-AP multi-link device and the AP multi-link device.
- the TID set to the link according to the TID-to-Link mapping negotiation before the default mapping is applied -to-Link mapping can be discarded.
- an AP multi-link device including a first AP (AP1), a second AP (AP2), and a third AP (AP3), a first station (Non-AP STA1), and a second A non-AP multi-link device (Non-AP MLD) including a station (Non-AP STA2) and a third station (Non-AP STA3) is combined.
- a first AP (AP1) and a first station (Non-AP STA1) operate on a first link (Link1).
- the second AP (AP2) and the second station (Non-AP STA2) operate on the second link (Link2).
- a third AP (AP3) and a third station (Non-AP STA3) operate on the third link (Link3).
- TID values 0 to 2 are mapped to uplink transmission and downlink transmission of the first link (Link1).
- TID values 3 to 4 are mapped to uplink transmission and downlink transmission of the second link (Link2).
- TID values 5 to 7 are mapped to uplink transmission and downlink transmission of the third link (Link3).
- the third link Link3 is deactivated.
- the AP multi-link device (AP MLD) and the non-AP multi-link device (Non-AP MLD) are default mapped to the TID-to-Link mapping of the non-deactivated first link (Link1) and second link (Link2). apply
- the management frame including information for deactivating any one link may be a frame in which a receiver address is set to a group address, eg, a broadcast address.
- embodiments in which default mapping is applied when a link is deactivated may be applied only when a TID mapped only to a deactivated link exists. Therefore, even if one link is deactivated, if the traffic corresponding to the TID mapped to the corresponding link can be exchanged through another link, the above-described embodiments may not be applied.
- embodiments in which default mapping is applied when any one link is deactivated may be applied only to upstream transmission. In another specific embodiment, it may be applied only to downlink transmission.
- the TID-to-Link mapping applied before the link was deactivated may be applied again.
- the TID-to-Link mapping applied before the corresponding link is deactivated may be set through TID-to-Link mapping negotiation.
- TID value 2 may be mapped to the first link before the first link is deactivated, and TID value 2 may be mapped to the second link while the second link is deactivated.
- the TID value 2 may be mapped to the first link.
- the TID value 2 may not be mapped to the second link.
- a deactivated link is activated again it may be when the inactive time interval ends.
- a default mapping may be applied to the TID-to-Link mapping of the corresponding link.
- the default mapping may be applied to the TID-to-Link mapping of the corresponding link regardless of the TID-to-Link mapping applied to the corresponding link before being deactivated.
- the TID-to-Link mapping of the link to which the default mapping is applied may be restored due to the inactivation of the corresponding link.
- the deactivation period of the deactivated link ends the TID-to-Link mapping of the link to which the default mapping is applied may be restored due to the deactivation of the corresponding link.
- a separate TID-to-Link mapping change may not be performed.
- a separate TID-to-Link mapping change may not be performed.
- the separate TID-to-Link mapping change may be for mapping a TID mapped only to a deactivated link to another link. This embodiment can be applied when the AP multi-link device determines that it is okay even if exchange of traffic corresponding to a TID mapped only to a deactivated link is not allowed.
- a TID-to-Link mapping change of mapping a TID mapped only to a deactivated link to another link may not be performed.
- TID-to-Link mapping change in which a TID mapped only to a deactivated link is mapped to another link may be performed.
- information about a block ACK session managed by a station operating in a link that is deactivated may be transferred to another station of a multi-link device including the corresponding station.
- Information about the block ACK session may include a score board for block ACK transmission.
- the other station may be a station of a multi-link device operating in a link to which a TID mapped only to an inactive link is newly mapped. Through this, it is possible to prevent unnecessary retransmission because transmission success or failure of a frame corresponding to a specific TID is not managed.
- TID-to-Link mapping is applied to a link that is activated again after an AP multi-link device and a non-AP multi-link device are deactivated when any one link is deactivated according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- an AP multi-link device including a first AP (AP1), a second AP (AP2), and a third AP (AP3), a first station (Non-AP STA1), and a second station (Non-AP)
- a non-AP multi-link device including -AP STA2) and a third station (Non-AP STA3) is combined.
- a first AP (AP1) and a first station (Non-AP STA1) operate on a first link (Link1).
- the second AP (AP2) and the second station (Non-AP STA2) operate on the second link (Link2).
- a third AP (AP3) and a third station (Non-AP STA3) operate on the third link (Link3).
- TID values 0 to 2 are mapped to uplink transmission and downlink transmission of the first link (Link1).
- TID values 3 to 4 are mapped to uplink transmission and downlink transmission of the second link (Link2).
- TID values 5 to 7 are mapped to uplink transmission and downlink transmission of the third link (Link3).
- the third link (Link3) is deactivated.
- the AP multi-link device (AP MLD) and the non-AP multi-link device (Non-AP MLD) are default mapped to the TID-to-Link mapping of the non-deactivated first link (Link1) and second link (Link2). apply
- the TID-to-Link mapping of the first link (Link1) to the third link (Link3) is the TID-to-Link mapping applied before the third link (Link3) is deactivated. Applied.
- default mapping may be applied to the TID-to-Link mapping of a non-deactivated link among links established between an AP multi-link device and a non-AP multi-link device. At this time, it may not be allowed to change the TID-to-Link mapping for a link that is not inactive until the deactivated link is activated. For example, a first link, which is one of links established between an AP multi-link device and a non-AP multi-link device, may be deactivated. In this case, it may not be allowed to change the TID-to-Link mapping for the links other than the first link in the established link until the first link is activated again.
- changing the TID-to-Link mapping of the deactivated link may not be allowed until the deactivated link is activated.
- a first link which is one of links established between an AP multi-link device and a non-AP multi-link device, may be deactivated. At this time, it may not be allowed to change the TID-to-Link mapping for the first link until the first link is activated again. Therefore, during TID-to-Link mapping, a TID to be mapped must be mapped to at least one of the links other than the deactivated link until the deactivated link is activated.
- transmission of a TID-to-link mapping request frame mapping a TID only to a deactivated link may not be allowed.
- the AP multi-link device may not be allowed to accept a TID-to-Link mapping request for mapping a TID to an inactive link. Also, the AP multi-link device may not be allowed to accept a TID-to-Link mapping request for mapping a TID only to a deactivated link.
- changing the TID-to-Link mapping may include changing the TID-to-Link mapping through TID-to-Link mapping negotiation.
- an operation between an AP and a non-AP station coupled in the inactive link may be suspended or canceled.
- an individual target wake time (TWT) agreement may be established between an AP and a non-AP station coupled in a deactivated link.
- the AP should attempt frame exchange at an agreed time point with the non-AP station.
- periodic TWT is established between an AP and a non-AP station, the AP should periodically attempt frame exchange with the non-AP station.
- the AP may not attempt frame exchange with the non-AP station even if a TWT agreement exists between the AP and the non-AP station.
- the non-AP station may determine that no frame is to be transmitted from the AP.
- the AP and the non-AP station may determine that the TWT agreement is suspended.
- the AP and the non-AP station may resume the suspended TWT agreement.
- a station that receives a radio measurement request frame and fails to transmit a measurement report frame before a link is deactivated may not transmit a measurement report frame during the deactivated time period.
- a station that receives a radio measurement request frame and fails to transmit a measurement report frame before a link is deactivated may cancel a radio measurement operation.
- a station that receives a radio measurement request frame and fails to transmit a measurement report frame before the link is deactivated may ignore all previously received measurement requests.
- a station that transmits a radio measurement request frame and does not receive a measurement report frame before the link is deactivated may determine that the radio measurement report frame will not be transmitted while the link is deactivated.
- the radio measurement may include at least one of a beacon report, a frame report, a channel load report, and a noise histogram report.
- a non-AP station operating on a deactivated operating link may attempt frame exchange with the AP multi-link device. Accordingly, when an AP multi-link device deactivates any one link, the AP multi-link device needs to prepare a non-AP station operating on the deactivated link for deactivation.
- the AP multi-link device may indicate a time interval in which the deactivated link is deactivated as a quiet interval. Specifically, the AP multi-link device may transmit a Quiet element indicating a time interval in which the deactivated link is deactivated as a quiet interval. At this time, the AP multi-link device may transmit a management frame and a beacon frame including a Quiet element. Upon receiving the Quiet element, the non-AP station does not perform channel access by maintaining the value of NAV at a value other than 0 during the Quiet period.
- the non-AP station receiving the Quiet element may set the NAV value according to the duration of the Quiet interval indicated by the Quiet element. Through this, the legacy non-AP station can determine that the channel is in a virtual busy state during the quiet period.
- the non-legacy non-AP station receiving the Quiet element transmitted for the inactive link may attempt P2P transmission by performing channel access during the quiet period in the inactive link, unlike the legacy non-AP station.
- the non-legacy non-AP station may not set the NAV corresponding to the quiet period based on the Quiet element.
- a Quiet element transmitted for a deactivated link may be a Quiet element transmitted in a deactivated link. At this time, the legacy non-AP station cannot ignore the Quiet element transmitted on a link other than the deactivated link.
- the AP multi-link device may transmit a management frame recommending moving to another BSS to a legacy non-AP station that is a member of the BSS of the deactivated link. Specifically, before the AP multi-link device deactivates any one link, the AP multi-link device may transmit a BSS transition management request frame to a legacy non-AP station that is a member of the BSS of the deactivated link. In this case, the legacy non-AP station receiving the BSS transition management request frame may disassociate with the AP of the AP multi-link device operating in the deactivated link.
- the BSS transition management request frame may include a Request Mode field.
- the Request Mode field may include a BSS Termination Included bit.
- the BSS Termination Included bit may be the 4th bit of the Request Mode field.
- the Request Mode field may include the BSS Termination Duration field.
- the BSS Termination Duration field may be a 12-octet field.
- the BSS Termination Duration field may include a Subelement ID field (1-Octet), a Length field (1-Octet), a BSS Termination TSF field (8-Octet), and a Duration field (2-Octet).
- the Subelement ID field may be a 1-octet field.
- the Length field may be a 1-octet field.
- the BSS Termination TSF field may be an 8-octet field.
- the Duration field may be a 2-octet field.
- the BSS Termination TSF field indicates the BSS termination time using the TSF timer.
- the Duration field indicates the duration of the time interval in which the BSS is terminated in minutes.
- the AP multi-link device may set the TSF corresponding to the deactivation point, which is the point at which the deactivation link starts to deactivate, as the value of the BSS Termination TSF field.
- the TSF corresponding to the inactivation time may be the TSF at the inactivation time or a TSF value having the smallest error from the inactivation time.
- the AP multi-link device may set a value representing the duration of the inactive time interval in minutes as the value of the Duration field.
- the non-legacy non-AP station receiving the BSS transition management frame transmitted for the deactivated link may ignore the BSS transition management frame, unlike the legacy non-AP station.
- the non-legacy non-AP station may ignore the BSS transition management frame.
- the difference between the BSS end time interval indicated by the BSS transition management frame and the link deactivation time interval is within a pre-specified time, the non-legacy non-AP station may ignore the BSS transition management frame.
- the difference between the BSS end time interval and the link deactivation time interval is within the pre-specified time, the difference between the start time of the BSS end time interval and the start time of the link deactivation time interval, and the end time of the BSS end time interval and the link deactivation time It may indicate a case where at least one of the differences between the end times of the sections is within a pre-specified time.
- the non-legacy non-AP station determines that the frame indicated by the BSS transition management frame indicates that the link is Deactivation can be determined by indicating that.
- the legacy non-AP station cannot ignore the BSS transition management frame transmitted on a link other than the deactivated link.
- the AP multi-link device may transmit a management frame inducing channel switching to a legacy non-AP station that is a member of the BSS of the deactivated link.
- the AP multi-link device includes at least one of a Channel Switch Announcement element and an Extended Channel Switch Announcement element to the legacy non-AP station that is a member of the BSS of the deactivated link.
- management frame can be transmitted.
- the Channel Switch Announcement element and the Extended Channel Switch Announcement element may indicate at least one of an operating class to be newly applied, an operating channel to be newly applied, and a time point at which a change is performed.
- the station receiving the Channel Switch Announcement element and the Extended Channel Switch Announcement element may apply the newly applied operating class at the time of change or change the operating channel to the newly applied operating channel at the time when the change is performed.
- a newly applied operating channel indicated by the Channel Switch Announcement element and the Extended Channel Switch Announcement element may be an operating channel of a link that is not deactivated among links in which the AP multi-link device operates.
- the association process may include at least one of exchange of probe request frames and probe response frames, and exchange of association request frames and association response frames.
- non-legacy non-AP stations that receive the Channel Switch Announcement element or Extended Channel Switch Announcement element transmitted for the disabled link receive the Channel Switch Announcement element or Extended Channel Switch You can ignore the Announcement element. Specifically, when the Channel Switch Announcement element or the Extended Channel Switch Announcement element instructs the operating channel to be changed before the inactive period of the link, the non-legacy non-AP station transmits the received Channel Switch Announcement element or the received Extended Channel Switch Announcement element.
- the non-legacy non-AP station receives the Channel Switch Announcement element Alternatively, the received Extended Channel Switch Announcement element may be ignored. Also, the Channel Switch Announcement element or Extended Channel Switch Announcement element transmitted for the deactivated link may be a Channel Switch Announcement element or Extended Channel Switch Announcement element transmitted in the deactivated link. At this time, the legacy non-AP station cannot ignore a Channel Switch Announcement element or an Extended Channel Switch Announcement element transmitted on a link other than a deactivated link.
- the AP multi-link device when link deactivation information and operating channel change information are signaled through one management frame, the AP multi-link device includes a count field indicating a change in link deactivation signaling information and an operating channel change related information.
- the value of the Channel Switch Count field indicating the change of information can be set to the same value. If the values of the count field indicating the change of the signaling information of deactivation and the Channel Switch Count field indicating the change of the operating channel change information are the same, the non-legacy non-AP station receives the received Channel Switch Announcement element or the received Channel Switch Announcement element. Extended Channel Switch Announcement element can be ignored.
- the non-AP station can prevent the non-AP station from attempting frame exchange on a link in which the non-AP station is deactivated.
- the AP of the deactivated link may enter a doze state. In this case, the AP may not perform CCA and PD in the power saving state. Therefore, the AP may lose medium sync.
- the AP may perform a medium sync recovery procedure. Specifically, when the deactivated link is reactivated and the AP wakes up from the power saving state, the AP may perform a medium sync recovery procedure.
- a medium sync recovery procedure may be to apply NAVSyncDelay defined in a conventional WLAN. Specifically, in the medium sync recovery procedure, the AP may perform an operation to set the NAV during NAVSyncDelay.
- the AP is not allowed to perform the channel access procedure, and the AP may set the NAV based on information obtained through the received frame duration field or the TXOP field of the received PPDU. If the value of NAV is 0 after NAVSyncDelay has elapsed, the AP can perform channel access on the activated link again.
- the medium sync recovery procedure may be the recovery procedure using MediumSyncDelay described above.
- the AP may transmit an initiation frame while the value of the MediumSyncDelay timer is not 0, and exchange frames except for the initiation frame and the initiation frame only when a response to the initiation frame is received.
- the start frame may be a trigger frame.
- the trigger frame includes a basic trigger frame, a Beamforming Report Poll (BFRP) frame, a BlockAck Request (MU-BAR) frame, a MU-RTS frame and a Buffer Status Report Poll (BSRP) frame, a Bandwidth Query Report Poll (BQRP) frame, and a NFRP ( NDP Feedback Report Poll) may include at least one of the frames.
- the start frame may be an RTS frame as described above.
- the CCA threshold applied by the AP may be the same as when the value of the MediumSyncDelay timer is 0. At this time, the CCA threshold may be -62dBM.
- the AP may be allowed to transmit a beacon frame. Specifically, even if the value of the MediumSyncDelay timer is greater than 0, it may be exceptionally allowed for the AP to transmit the beacon frame.
- the number of times the AP can attempt channel access during the medium fresh recovery procedure may not be limited. At this time, attempting channel access may indicate transmitting an initial frame.
- the limitation of the PPDU format that the AP can use for transmission of the initiation frame may not apply.
- the AP may wake-up from the power saving state before the maximum time required for the medium sync recovery procedure from the time when the deactivated link is reactivated. After wake-up, the AP may perform a medium sync recovery procedure.
- the maximum time required for the medium sync recovery procedure may be NAVSyncDelay.
- the maximum time required for the medium sync recovery procedure may be MediumSyncDelay.
- a method of limiting channel access to prevent a non-AP station from performing transmission through an inactive link will be described.
- stations perform EDCA.
- the station transmits the traffic stored in the EDCAF queue at which the backoff is completed at the slot boundary at the slot boundary next to the slot boundary at the time when the backoff is completed. If the non-AP station does not stop the EDCAF operation while the link is deactivated, a situation in which the station has no choice but to initiate transmission may occur. Therefore, there is a need for an embodiment that prevents a station operating on an inactive link from performing a channel access procedure or prevents a station from initiating transmission.
- the non-AP station may not be allowed to decrease the EDCAF backoff counter during the inactive time period.
- the non-AP station may consider a channel of an inactive link as non-idle during the inactive time period.
- the non-AP station may regard a channel of an inactive link as a virtual busy state during the inactive time period.
- the NAV of the non-AP station may be set as long as the duration of the link deactivation time interval from the point of deactivation of the link. When the duration of the link deactivation time interval is indicated as unknown, the non-AP station may release the NAV when it is determined that the deactivated link is activated again.
- the non-AP STA may determine that the deactivated link is activated again.
- the non-AP station may determine whether the deactivated link is activated again based on the RNR element of the beacon frame received on a link other than the deactivated link. Specifically, if the RNR element of the Beacon frame received by the non-AP station on a link other than the disabled link indicates that the inactive time period of the disabled link has ended, the non-AP station considers that the disabled link is re-enabled. can judge
- the non-AP station may restart the EDCAF backoff procedure. Specifically, when the EDCAF backoff counter value of the non-AP station reaches 0 while the link is deactivated, the non-AP station may initialize the EDCAF backoff counter value that reaches 0. At this time, the initial value of the backoff counter is randomly set to a previously used natural number within a contention window (CW). Also, the retransmission counter may not be incremented.
- CW contention window
- the non-AP station may maintain the EDCAF backoff counter value as 0.
- the non-AP station may initialize the backoff counter of the EDCAF whose value reaches 0 while the link is deactivated.
- the initial value of the backoff counter is randomly set to a previously used natural number within a contention window (CW).
- CW contention window
- the retransmission counter may not be incremented.
- a non-AP station may be allowed for a non-AP station to transmit a P2P PPDU while a link is deactivated.
- the non-AP station can transmit the P2P PPDU even while the link is deactivated.
- a non-AP station may enter a power saving state while a link on which the non-AP station operates is deactivated. Specifically, the non-AP station may maintain the power saving state during a time interval including the deactivation time interval of the link in which the non-AP station operates or the link in which the non-AP station operates.
- a mobile device providing tethering operates as a multi-link device and operates on a non-SRT link pair
- the mobile device is referred to as a non-STR mobile AP multi-link device.
- a non-STR mobile AP multi-link device is limited in exchanging frames in a plurality of links. Accordingly, the non-AP station coupled to the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device must perform frame exchange in consideration of the operation of the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device. Therefore, the operation of the non-AP station coupled to the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device may be limited and complicated. Therefore, the non-AP station needs to determine whether the AP is a non-SRT mobile AP multi-link device.
- the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device may include information indicating that the AP transmitting the beacon frame is a non-STR mobile AP multi-link device in the beacon frame.
- the non-AP multi-link device may determine whether the AP transmitting the beacon frame is a non-STR mobile AP multi-link device based on the beacon frame.
- the non-AP multi-link device may determine whether to perform multi-link setup based on whether the AP transmitting the beacon frame is a non-STR mobile AP multi-link device.
- the non-AP multi-link device may determine a multi-link setup method based on whether the AP transmitting the beacon frame is a non-STR mobile AP multi-link device.
- the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device and the non-AP multi-link device performing multi-link configuration configure multi-link on the link where the non-AP multi-link device receives the beacon frame from the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device. can be performed.
- the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device may transmit the beacon frame and the probe response frame only on the primary link.
- Multi-link configuration can be performed only through the primary link.
- a non-AP multi-link device connected to a non-STR mobile AP multi-link device may exchange frames on a primary link when the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device exchanges frames on a link other than the primary link. Attempting transmission to a non-STR mobile AP multi-link device may not be allowed.
- the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device deactivates any one link, it can signal information about the deactivated link as described above.
- the information on the link to be deactivated may include at least one of a deactivated link, a deactivated time point, and a duration of the deactivated time interval.
- the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device may not transmit information about a link to be deactivated in the non-primary link. Specifically, when a non-STR mobile AP multi-link device deactivates a non-primary link, the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device may transmit information about a link to be deactivated in a primary link. This is because the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device transmits the beacon frame and the probe response frame only in the primary link.
- the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device may indicate when the non-primary link is deactivated based on the TBTT of the primary link. Specifically, the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device may indicate the non-primary link deactivation time and the duration of the deactivation time interval based on the TBTT of the primary link.
- a non-AP multi-link device coupled to the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device may receive information about deactivation of a non-primary link through a primary link.
- the non-AP multi-link device may determine when the non-primary link is deactivated based on the TBTT of the primary link.
- the non-AP multi-link device may determine the duration of the non-primary link inactivity time period based on the TBTT of the primary link.
- any one of the non-primary links may be regarded as a primary link.
- the non-primary link may be regarded as a general link.
- the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device may transmit a beacon frame on the non-primary link. While the primary link of the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device is deactivated, the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device and the non-AP multi-link device coupled to the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device do not occupy the primary link. Non-primary link channel access may be performed. While the primary link of the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device is deactivated, the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device and the non-AP multi-link device coupled to the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device transmit PPDUs on the primary link.
- PPDU can be transmitted on a non-primary link without
- the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device and the non-AP multi-link device coupled to the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device may terminate transmission of the PPDU before the primary link is activated again.
- the primary link of the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device is deactivated, transmission of the PPDU last transmitted on the non-primary link may exceptionally end after the primary link is activated again.
- the operation of the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device and the non-AP multi-link device coupled to the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device Restrictions that have been applied may apply again.
- frame exchange of the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device may be excessively limited. because there is In addition, this is because frame exchange of the primary link is not disturbed due to frame exchange of the non-primary link while the primary link of the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device is deactivated.
- the primary link of the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device is deactivated, one of the non-primary links may be set as the primary link.
- the primary link of the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device is a first link, and when the first link is deactivated, the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device may set the second link as the primary link.
- the second link may be maintained as a primary link.
- the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device may instruct whether to maintain the second link as a primary link.
- the first link when the first link is activated again, the first link may be implicitly activated again.
- the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device may not be allowed to deactivate the primary link.
- the primary link of the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device is deactivated, the operation of the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device is restricted and the operation of the non-AP multi-link device combined with the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device is restricted. Because it can be complicated.
- the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device can operate as a mobile AP.
- the mobile AP may disassociate with the non-AP multi-link device associated with the mobile AP when the mobile AP operates as a non-STR mobile AP multi-link device.
- the mobile AP may signal that it will operate as a mobile AP to the combined non-AP multi-link device when the mobile AP operates as a non-STR mobile AP multi-link device.
- the mobile AP may signal that it will operate as a mobile AP to the non-AP multi-link device using a reason code of the disassociation frame.
- 55 illustrates an operation of a non-STR mobile AP multi-link device when the primary link is deactivated by the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the non-STR mobile AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP#1) operating on a primary link and a second AP (AP#2) operating on a non-primary link.
- a non-STR mobile AP multi-link device is combined with a non-AP multi-link device.
- the non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA#1) operating on a primary link and a second station (STA#2) operating on a non-primary link.
- the first AP (AP#1) transmits a beacon frame on the primary link.
- the beacon frame includes information about deactivation of the primary link. As described above, information about deactivation of the primary link may be set according to the above-described embodiments. Specifically, in FIG.
- the beacon frame includes a Link Unavailability Parameters field.
- the value of the Link Unavailability Count subfield of the Link Unavailability Parameters field is set to 1, and the value of the Link Unavailability Duration subfield of the Link Unavailability Parameters field is set to x.
- the first station (STA#1) obtains information about deactivation of the primary link from the beacon.
- the first station (STA#1) determines that the primary link is deactivated for x (x-1 TUs) from the next TBTT.
- the first station (STA#1) and the first AP (AP#1) cannot perform channel access to the primary link while the primary link is inactive.
- the second station (STA#2) and the second AP (AP#2) can perform EDCA and frame exchange in the non-primary link without any particular restriction.
- the second AP (AP#2) may transmit a beacon frame in a non-primary link.
- the first station (STA#1) and the first AP (AP#1) may perform EDCA and frame exchange on the primary link. Also, the first AP (AP#1) may transmit a beacon frame on the primary link. At this time, the second AP (AP#2) cannot transmit the beacon frame on the non-primary link. Also, the second station (STA#2) and the second AP (AP#2) may transmit the PPDU on the non-primary link only when the primary link is occupied.
- the present invention has been described by taking wireless LAN communication as an example, but the present invention is not limited thereto and may be equally applied to other communication systems such as cellular communication. Also, although the method, apparatus, and system of the present invention have been described with reference to specific embodiments, some or all of the components and operations of the present invention may be implemented using a computer system having a general-purpose hardware architecture.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
- 제1 링크 및 제2 링크에서 동작하는 non-AP(access point) 멀티 링크 장치에서,송수신부; 및프로세서를 포함하고,상기 프로세서는상기 제1 링크 및 상기 제2 링크에서 동작하는 AP 멀티 링크 장치로부터 비콘 프레임 또는 프로브 응답 프레임을 수신하고,상기 비콘 프레임 또는 상기 프로브 응답 프레임이 지시하는 TID-to-Link 매핑에 따라 상기 제1 링크 및 상기 제2 링크에 매핑되는 TID(traffic identifier)를 판단하고,상기 제1 링크 및 상기 제2 링크에 매핑되는 TID에 따라 상기 제1 링크 또는 상기 제2 링크에서 전송을 수행하는non-AP 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제1항에서,상기 non-AP 멀티 링크 장치가상기 비콘 프레임 또는 상기 프로브 응답 프레임이 지시하는 TID-to-Link 매핑을 거절하는 것은 허용되지 않는non-AP 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제1항에서,상기 비콘 프레임 또는 상기 프로브 응답 프레임이 지시하는 TID-to-Link 매핑은 상기 제1 링크를 비활성화는 것을 포함하는non-AP 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제3항에서,상기 비콘 프레임 또는 상기 프로브 응답 프레임이 지시하는 TID-to-Link 매핑이 상기 제2 링크가 비활성화되는 것을 지시하지 않는 경우, 상기 TID-to-Link 매핑에 관한 정보는 상기 제2 링크에 상기 TID-to-Link 매핑의 대상이 되는 모든 TID가 매핑되는 것을 지시하는non-AP 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제3항에서,상기 제1 링크가 비활성화된 후 다시 활성화되는 경우, 상기 제1 링크에 상기 TID-to-Link 매핑의 대상이 되는 모든 TID가 매핑되는non-AP 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제3항에서,상기 제1 링크가 비활성화될 때, 상기 제1 링크에서 동작하는 상기 non-AP 멀티 링크 장치의 스테이션은 절전 상태에 진입하고,상기 제1 링크가 다시 활성화될 때 멀티 링크 장치의 스테이션이 상기 절전 상태로부터 웨이크-업한 경우, 상기 non-AP 멀티 링크 장치의 스테이션에게 NAVSyncDelay 기반 채널 액세스 제한이 적용되는non-AP 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제3항에서,상기 제1 링크가 비활성화될 때, 상기 제2 링크에서 전송되는 RNR(reduced neighbor report) 엘리멘트에서 상기 제1 링크에 해당하는 TBTT(target beacon transmission time) Information 필드의 Neighbor AP TBTT offset 서브필드의 값은 255인non-AP 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제3항에서,상기 AP 멀티 링크 장치가 모바일 AP이고 상기 제1 링크와 상기 제2 링크에서 동시에 프레임 교환을 수행할 수 없는 경우, 상기 제1링크는 상기 AP 멀티 링크 장치가 비콘 프레임을 전송하는 프라이머리 링크가 아닌non-AP 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제1항에서,상기 프로세서는상기 비콘 프레임 또는 상기 프로브 응답 프레임을 수신하기 전에 상기 제1 링크 및 상기 제2 링크에 TID-to-Link 매핑 협상을 통해 설정된 TID-to-Link 매핑을 폐기하는non-AP 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제1 링크 및 제2 링크에서 동작하는 AP(access point) 멀티 링크 장치에서,송수신부; 및프로세서를 포함하고,상기 프로세서는상기 제1 링크 및 상기 제2 링크에서 동작하는 non-AP 멀티 링크 장치에게, 상기 제1 링크 및 상기 제2 링크의 TID(traffic identifier)-to-Link 매핑을 지시하는 비콘 프레임 또는 프로브 응답 프레임을 전송하고,상기 제1 링크 및 상기 제2 링크에 매핑되는 TID에 따라 상기 제1 링크 또는 상기 제2 링크에서 전송을 수행하는AP 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제10항에서,상기 non-AP 멀티 링크 장치가 상기 비콘 프레임 또는 상기 프로브 응답 프레임이 지시하는 TID-to-Link 매핑을 거절하는 것이 허용되지 않는AP 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제10항에서,상기 비콘 프레임 또는 상기 프로브 응답 프레임이 지시하는 TID-to-Link 매핑은 상기 제1 링크를 비활성화는 것을 포함하는AP 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제12항에서,상기 비콘 프레임 또는 상기 프로브 응답 프레임이 지시하는 TID-to-Link 매핑이 상기 제2 링크가 비활성화되는 것을 지시하지 않는 경우, 상기 TID-to-Link 매핑에 관한 정보는 상기 제2 링크에 상기 TID-to-Link 매핑의 대상이 되는 모든 TID가 매핑되는 것을 지시하는AP 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제12항에서,상기 제1 링크가 비활성화된 후 다시 활성화되는 경우, 상기 제1 링크에 상기 TID-to-Link 매핑의 대상이 되는 모든 TID가 매핑되는AP 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제12항에서,상기 제1 링크가 비활성화될 때, 상기 제1 링크에서 동작하는 상기 AP 멀티 링크 장치의 AP는 절전 상태에 진입하고,상기 제1 링크가 다시 활성화될 때 멀티 링크 장치의 스테이션이 상기 절전 상태로부터 웨이크-업한 경우, 상기 AP 멀티 링크 장치의 스테이션에게 NAVSyncDelay 기반 채널 액세스 제한이 적용되는AP 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제12항에서,상기 프로세서는상기 제1 링크가 비활성화될 때, 상기 제2 링크에서, TBTT(target beacon transmission time) Information 필드의 상기 제1 링크에 해당하는 Neighbor AP TBTT offset 서브필드의 값이 255로 설정된 RNR(reduced neighbor report) 엘리멘트를 전송하는AP 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제12항에서,상기 AP 멀티 링크 장치가 모바일 AP이고 상기 제1 링크와 상기 제2 링크에서 동시에 프레임 교환을 수행할 수 없는 경우, 상기 제1링크는 상기 AP 멀티 링크 장치가 비콘 프레임을 전송하는 프라이머리 링크가 아닌AP 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제1 링크 및 제2 링크에서 동작하는 non-AP(access point) 멀티 링크 장치의 동작 방법에서,상기 제1 링크 및 상기 제2 링크에서 동작하는 AP 멀티 링크 장치로부터 비콘 프레임 또는 프로브 응답 프레임을 수신하는 단계;상기 비콘 프레임 또는 상기 프로브 응답 프레임이 지시하는 TID-to-Link 매핑에 따라 상기 제1 링크 및 상기 제2 링크에 매핑되는 TID(traffic identifier)를 판단하는 단계; 및상기 제1 링크 및 상기 제2 링크에 매핑되는 TID에 따라 상기 제1 링크 또는 상기 제2 링크에서 전송을 수행하는 단계를 포함하는동작 방법.
- 제1 링크 및 제2 링크에서 동작하는 AP(access point) 멀티 링크 장치의 동작 방법에서,상기 제1 링크 및 상기 제2 링크에서 동작하는 non-AP 멀티 링크 장치에게, 상기 제1 링크 및 상기 제2 링크의 TID(traffic identifier)-to-Link 매핑을 지시하는 비콘 프레임 또는 프로브 응답 프레임을 전송하는 단계; 및상기 제1 링크 및 상기 제2 링크에 매핑되는 TID에 따라 상기 제1 링크 또는 상기 제2 링크에서 전송을 수행하는 단계를 포함하는동작 방법.
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| KR1020247014109A KR20240090259A (ko) | 2021-09-30 | 2022-09-27 | 멀티 링크를 사용하는 무선 통신 방법 및 이를 사용하는 무선 통신 단말 |
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| JP2025127625A JP2025156438A (ja) | 2021-09-30 | 2025-07-30 | マルチリンクを用いる無線通信方法及びこれを用いる無線通信端末 |
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| EP4412297A1 (en) | 2024-08-07 |
| KR20240090259A (ko) | 2024-06-21 |
| JP2025156438A (ja) | 2025-10-14 |
| US12192819B2 (en) | 2025-01-07 |
| JP7726567B2 (ja) | 2025-08-20 |
| US20250142399A1 (en) | 2025-05-01 |
| EP4412297A4 (en) | 2025-03-19 |
| US20240251282A1 (en) | 2024-07-25 |
| JP2024536175A (ja) | 2024-10-04 |
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