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WO2023051866A1 - Aliment sec permettant l'alimentation d'éponges marines, et application - Google Patents

Aliment sec permettant l'alimentation d'éponges marines, et application Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023051866A1
WO2023051866A1 PCT/DE2022/100675 DE2022100675W WO2023051866A1 WO 2023051866 A1 WO2023051866 A1 WO 2023051866A1 DE 2022100675 W DE2022100675 W DE 2022100675W WO 2023051866 A1 WO2023051866 A1 WO 2023051866A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
feed
sponge
dry
sponges
amino acid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2022/100675
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Melanie Schiffer-Harms
Karin Schiefenhövel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alfred Wegener Insitut fuer Polar und Meeresforschung
Original Assignee
Alfred Wegener Insitut fuer Polar und Meeresforschung
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Filing date
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Priority to EP22782829.0A priority Critical patent/EP4408189A1/fr
Publication of WO2023051866A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023051866A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dry feed for feeding male sponges, which filter the surrounding water through pores for feeding, in an aquaculture breeding facility, the dry feed consisting of a feed base and a feed additive and a particle size adapted to the size of the pores of up to 500 ⁇ m has, and to an application of the dry food.
  • Marine sponges are among the filter feeders. These are aquatic animals that filter their food from the surrounding water.
  • the stationary (sessile) filter feeders which - in addition to male sponges - also include corals and mussels. Only with sponges does the filtering take place via pores in the surface of the sponge. Only those particles whose particle size is smaller than the pore size of the sponge can be picked up. In the case of particle sizes up to 500 ⁇ m, the term “dust lining” or “dust-fine particle size” is also used.
  • a dry feed usually consists of a feed base, which primarily determines the quantity of the feed, and a feed additive, which primarily determines the quality of the feed.
  • the present invention is concerned with the nutrition of male sponges in aquaculture farming, particularly for production a large-scale production, whereby the rearing of male sponges has so far been problematic and has been investigated in many ways with regard to nutrition and husbandry.
  • the "AkPhaKol" project with the participation of the Alfred Wegener Institute deals with the development of a land-based aquaculture process for the production of marine sponges for an ecologically compatible pharmacological use of the sponge collagen. Since the optimal supply of food to the sponges is one of the most important parameters, a food specially adapted to the needs of the sponge type is developed. In feeding trials, the sponges are offered various commercially available food variants as well as the food newly developed in the project, and the growth and collagen content of the sponges are checked at regular intervals (see Fig https://www.awi.de/terrorism/besondere- phenomenon/aquakultur/aquakulturterrorism/excellent/excellente/akphakol.html, retrieved on September 16, 2021).
  • US 2018/0 303 129 A1 discloses an aquaculture feed composition that is free of fishmeal and fish oil and is based on marine microalgae as a source of essential amino acids.
  • a probiotic aquatic organism feed with the addition of vitamin C is known from DE 10 2014 104335 B4. From Naturefood (Marion Puttberg: Naturefood Premium Filtering 45 g for mussels and snails. 2017. S.1) a dust-fine (particle size approx. 0.05 mm) feed for filtering is known, which is based on fish and fish by-products as well as molluscs and crustaceans based.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop a dry food so that a optimal nutrition and thus maximum growth of male sponges can be achieved.
  • Individual adaptability to special protein complexes or the compounds of the respective male sponges associated therewith should be possible.
  • the solution to this problem according to the invention can be found in the main claim.
  • Advantageous developments of the product according to the invention can be found in the dependent claims. A particular application of the product can be found in the secondary claim.
  • Advantageous modifications are also shown here in the dependent claims.
  • the feed additive contains at least one amino acid composition that corresponds directly or scaled to the amino acid composition of the male sponge to be fed or a special protein complex thereof or a special compound of the male sponge associated with a protein complex.
  • the marine sponge to be fed with its own protein structure is specifically and consciously reproduced in the feed to be administered.
  • this "cannibalistic" diet significantly promotes the growth of the male sponge.
  • the special protein complexes or the special compounds in the male sponge can be stimulated to above-average formation and structuring.
  • scaling factor 1
  • scaling factor 1
  • the dry food according to the invention retains the advantages known from the prior art. Dry food is water-free and therefore easy to transport and easy to store in a dry place. It can be easily dissolved in water. All additives relevant to aquaculture can be added. The entire recipe can be easily adapted to different sponges to be fed.
  • the composition of amino acids added to the dry feed does not necessarily have to correspond to the entire marine sponge, but only to a complex thereof if this is of particular interest for economic use, for example. Therefore, according to a first modification of the invention, it is preferably and advantageously provided that the specific protein complex is collagen or tyrosine.
  • the specific protein complex is collagen or tyrosine.
  • Collagen is an important structural protein that makes up a large part of the body in living things. Due to its structure, it determines the elasticity and tensile strength of the fabric. Collagen already occurs in sponges, the oldest multicellular organisms on earth.
  • Tyrosine in its natural L form, is a nonessential proteinogenic ⁇ -amino acid found in most proteins. It is the starting substance for the biosynthesis of, for example, catecholamines (e.g. dopamine), melanin, thyroxine and tyramine. The biosynthesis takes place in many animals from the essential amino acid phenylalanine, tyrosine increases human mental performance and the ability to concentrate. L-Tyrosine can be used to increase alertness and focus. It has been shown to help by making the body better able to cope with the harmful effects of stress in extreme, stressful environmental situations.
  • chitin the specific compound associated with a protein complex
  • chitin is the most widespread polysaccharide and also serves to form structures in organisms.
  • chitin has a supporting function similar to that of cellulose in plants. Chitin is useful for humans because, among other things, it can bind toxins from the bile so that they can be excreted. It also has an antibiotic effect.
  • chitin as the second most common biopolymer, has a large number of other positive properties for a wide variety of applications for living and inanimate matter, making it a valuable natural raw material.
  • Marine sponges filter the water flowing around them through pores in their surface and extract the necessary nutrients from it. It should be noted here that they naturally also absorb other substances from the water when they are filtered, especially dissolved pollutants. Aquaculture farms are therefore particularly suitable for sponges, as the water quality can be positively influenced there in the long term.
  • the sponges have filtration pores on their surface, with which they can only absorb those particles whose diameter is smaller than the diameter of the pores. So the smaller the food particles are, the better they can be absorbed by most types of sponge. Therefore, in the case of the invention, it is preferably and advantageously provided in a next development that the particle size is less than or equal to 10 ⁇ m.
  • So-called "dust food” with such small particles also has the advantage that it can be easily dissolved in water and floats in the water column after administration. In this way, the sessile sponges can filter the food out of the water for a sufficiently long period of time, before the unabsorbed particles sink to the bottom.
  • the production of such fine particles is primarily possible through a combination of grinding and sieving using correspondingly fine-meshed sieves.
  • the dry feed for aquatic animals usually contains a feed additive in addition to a quantitative feed base, which can of course also contribute to the feed quality due to its ingredients. This serves to increase quality and provides a balanced mixture of different ingredients to ensure optimal nutrition.
  • a feed additive present which comprises at least exactly the amino acid composition put together according to the respective task.
  • the dry feed contains algae meal in the feed base and a feed additive in the feed supplement. This can preferably and advantageously be a vitamin-mineral mixture and/or yeast. Yeast naturally also contains an amino acid structure.
  • the specially designed amino acid composition according to the invention promotes the growth of the sponge to be nourished or the formation of special protein complexes from it in a very targeted and therefore particularly effective manner.
  • marine sponges in nature mostly feed on algae and bacteria, it makes sense to use an algae meal as the basis of the dry food. For example, it can have a weight proportion of the total mass of the dry food in the range of 80 percent. Flours from the algal species Spirulina or Arthrospira, for example, are suitable as algae flours.
  • Arthrospira is known for its high protein content (50 to 60 percent by weight), its high proportion of essential amino acids and its special functional properties (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory).
  • a vitamin-mineral mixture in the feed additive contains all vital additives. Yeast from unicellular fungi is part of the natural diet of some sponges and is high in biotin, an essential vitamin in the vitamin B complex. With these components in the feed additive and with the specially designed amino acid composition in the feed additive, a feed optimally adapted to the respective requirements is put together with the invention.
  • the dry food is specially composed for the marine sponge species Chondrosia reniformis and the food base contains 78 percent by weight algae meal and the food additive 10 percent by weight amino acid composition (alanine, arginine with alpha-ketoglurate AKG, asparagine, cysteine, glycine, glutamine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine , lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine, valine), and in the feed additive 11 percent by weight yeast and 1 percent by weight vitamin-mineral mixture (vitamins: A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, D3, E; minerals: silicate, calcium, magnesium, strontium, E1 - iron sulfate monohydrate, E2 - calcium iodate, anhydrous, E4 - copper sulfate pentahydrate, E5 - manga
  • amino acid composition alanine, arginine with al
  • the dry feed for administration to the male sponges to be fed is dissolved in distilled water and dextrose powder is added to the solution as a carbon source. Due to the dust-fine grain size (less than or equal to 500 ⁇ m, in particular less than or equal to 10 ⁇ m) of the dry food, it can be dissolved in water particularly easily. Distilled water is used to ensure that no other additives get into the feed.
  • the solution is then introduced into the aquaculture facility directly or via a feeder or other feeding system. Stirring or an existing water flow ensure a good distribution in the water.
  • Carbonaceous dextrose is an important nutritional source for marine sponges as they also feed on dissolved and particulate carbon.
  • the weight fraction of dextrose powder in the solution can be one third of the weight of the prepared solution be. Of course, the proportion by weight can also be a little more or a little less than a third, for example up to 10 percent by weight in each case.
  • the dextrose powder can also be added to the dry food beforehand. However, since dextrose is hydrophilic, clumping can occur, so it is better to add dextrose to the water with the kibble.
  • the prepared feed solution can be provided in a land-based recirculating aquaculture rearing facility.
  • a land-based recirculating aquaculture rearing facility Such a system is self-contained and has a water cycle.
  • the food brought in is filtered out as completely as possible by the male sponges.
  • it since it is so fine as a dust, it does not need to be fed to the male sponges in starvation mode to avoid overfeeding. Rather, it is preferred and advantageous in the invention if multiple to continuous administration takes place per day.
  • feeding the animals as naturally as possible brings optimal results.
  • the male sponges also constantly filter the water, as they are always in the nutrient-rich current.
  • the dry food claimed with the invention can be tailored particularly easily to each sponge species, since its respective amino acid composition (or the desired complex thereof) can be mapped directly or scaled in it.
  • the marine sponges to be fed are horn silica sponges (Demospongiae), preferably of the species Chondrosia reniformis. This type of sponge produces a particularly large amount of collagen and has so far only been able to be cultivated in an aquaculture breeding facility with very moderate success.
  • Axinella polypoides for example, can also be considered as a further preferred type of sponge for feeding with the dry food claimed with the invention.
  • all marine sponge species that get their food from the surrounding water via filter pores record are advantageously fed with the dry food according to the invention and stimulated to grow. Further explanations of the present invention and its respective modifications can be found in the exemplary embodiment presented below.
  • Table 1 a table for the superordinate (feed base and feed additive) composition of the dry food for the sponge species Chondrosia reniformis,
  • Table 2 is a table showing the composition of the amino acids (im
  • Table 3 a table for the composition of the vitamin-mineral
  • Fig. 1 shows a graph of percentage growth in cm 2 - stop I
  • Fig. 2 shows a graph of percentage growth in cm 2 - stop II
  • Fig. 3 shows a percentage growth graph in g - Stop I
  • Fig. 4 is a percentage growth graph in g - Stop II
  • Figure 5 is a graph of Percent Collagen - Stop I and
  • Figure 6 is a graph of percent collagen content - Stop II.
  • the invention emerged from the project "AkPhaKol - development of a novel, land-based aquaculture process for the production of marine sponges and the pharmacological use of sponge collagen.
  • the breeding conditions in recirculation aquaculture systems for the enrichment of sponge collagen from the sponge species Chondrosia reniformis could be improved by using a specially adapted sponge feed, whereby an increase in the production of sponge collagen in a recirculating aquaculture system could be achieved.
  • the development of the new type of sponge lining was the project task of the applicant AWI. In the project, two feed variants were tested and their results compared:
  • Feed variant 1 powdered feed composed and produced according to the invention (particle size less than or equal to 10 ⁇ m) on the basis of spirulina flour (feed basis).
  • the feed additive contains the following in various concentrations (compare Tables 1 to 3):
  • Amino acids alanine, arginine-AKG (alpha-ketoglurate), asparagine, cysteine, glycine, glutamine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine, valine), and in the feed additive in the feed additive in various concentrations (compare Tables 1 to 3):
  • Vitamins A, B1 , B2, B3, B6, B12, C, D3, E
  • Food variant 2 Mixture of 10 ml commercially available liquid food for lower animals (marine Coraliquid from Sera) and 10 mg phytoplankton frozen food from Zooschatz (state of the art)
  • Table 1 shows the general feed composition (feed base and feed additive including feed additive). 30% dextrose was then added to the solution in distilled water. The dextrose can also be added to the dry food.
  • Table 2 shows the exact proportions (in mg/kg) of the amino acids added in the feed additive. The amounts were unscaled, ie taken directly 1 to 1 from the analysis of the collagen content of the sponge species Chondrosia reniformis according to Swatschek Table 2, page 111, see appreciation of the prior art
  • Table 3 shows the composition of the vitamin-mineral mixture in mg/kg in the feed additive in the feed additive.
  • the sponges were collected from the University of Ancona, Italy and shipped individually in plastic bags and reached the aquaculture facility in Bremerhaven after 48 hours. After an acclimatization period of two weeks, 43 fragments were prepared from 15 individual sponges. Each fragment was photographed and the underwater weight with substrate was determined. However, they were initially kept in system 1, since the newly installed second system did not yet have the desired nutrient content and the biofilter was therefore not yet running stably. After 16 days, half of the fragments could then be converted and the second experiment started. The fragments were fed diets 1 and 2, respectively, adding 2 ml per 50 ml tank volume once daily.
  • the experiment was stopped after two months for half of the fragments (Stop I); the fragments were photographed and weighed (underwater weight with substrate) for growth values and dried for collagen content determination.
  • F1 stands for fodder variant 1 (according to the invention), F2 for fodder variant 2 (from the prior art), AS for artificial substrate and TS for clay shell. Shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is the percentage growth in cm 2 and in Figs. 3 and 4 the percentage growth in g over the variants. Comparing the forage and substrate variants between the mean values in Stop

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Abstract

Les aliments secs connus, constitués d'une base d'alimentation et d'un complément alimentaire, comprennent des mélanges classiques et ne sont pas spécialement adaptés à l'éponge marine devant être alimentée. L'aliment sec selon l'invention contient une composition d'acides aminés dans le complément alimentaire, correspondant directement ou de manière proportionnée à la composition d'acides aminés de la totalité de l'éponge marine (de préférence la Chondrosia reniformis), son complexe protéique spécial, par exemple du collagène ou de la tyrosine, ou un composé spécial associé à son complexe protéique, par exemple la chitine. Des expériences dans un système de croissance d'aquaculture en recirculation terrestre ont démontré qu'une augmentation considérable de la teneur en collagène de l'éponge pouvait être obtenue par alimentation au moyen de compositions d'acides aminés identiques à l'éponge. L'aliment sec est fin comme une poudre et présente des tailles de particules de préférence inférieures ou égales à 10 µm. Il peut être allongé avec de la farine d'algues en tant que base d'alimentation, et il est facile à stocker et à traiter. D'autres additifs alimentaires peuvent être ajoutés au complément alimentaire. L'aliment peut de préférence être donné plusieurs fois par jour, ce qui permet de reproduire de manière optimale les conditions d'alimentation naturelles pour des éponges marines.
PCT/DE2022/100675 2021-09-28 2022-09-27 Aliment sec permettant l'alimentation d'éponges marines, et application Ceased WO2023051866A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22782829.0A EP4408189A1 (fr) 2021-09-28 2022-09-27 Aliment sec permettant l'alimentation d'éponges marines, et application

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DEDE102021125054.4 2021-09-28
DE102021125054.4A DE102021125054A1 (de) 2021-09-28 2021-09-28 Trockenfutter zur Ernährung von sessilen Filtrierern und Anwendung

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CN118476582A (zh) * 2024-05-31 2024-08-13 中国农业科学院饲料研究所 一种棉籽蛋白-槲皮素复合物的制备及在饲料添加剂中的应用
EP4440563A1 (fr) * 2021-12-02 2024-10-09 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. Compositions et méthodes utilisant un mélange d'acides aminés pour fournir un bénéfice de santé chez un animal

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4440563A1 (fr) * 2021-12-02 2024-10-09 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. Compositions et méthodes utilisant un mélange d'acides aminés pour fournir un bénéfice de santé chez un animal
CN118476582A (zh) * 2024-05-31 2024-08-13 中国农业科学院饲料研究所 一种棉籽蛋白-槲皮素复合物的制备及在饲料添加剂中的应用

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