WO2023048653A9

WO2023048653A9 - System and method of multl-thermal energy storage for excess heat froman exothermic reactor

Info

Publication number: WO2023048653A9
Application number: PCT/TH2021/000054
Authority: WO
Inventors: Tanachat POCHANA
Original assignee: Enserv Power Co Ltd
Current assignee: Enserv Power Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-21
Filing date: 2021-09-21
Publication date: 2023-06-22
Anticipated expiration: 2024-03-21
Also published as: WO2023048653A1

Abstract

The invention relates to multi-thermal energy storage (multi-TES) system and method for an exothermic reactor comprising heat source reactor, a valve controller, temperature sensor, and at least one TES container. The heat source reactor, at least one pattern in the form of exothermic reactor, is connected to heat channels in a closed system and is determined to transfer excess heat through sealed channels controlled by the valve controller. The valve controller enforces the direction of heat to flow, automatically operated by the temperature sensor, to at least two different channels, which different temperature heat flows into at least two thermal energy storage containers. Furthermore, the heat source, of the heat source reactor, is optionally selected from one or more combinations of nuclear fusion reaction cold fusion reaction or low energy nuclear reaction (LENR). Coupling the multi-TES system can significantly improve the viability of the exothermic reactor as excess heat can be provided as needed to heat consumer or power conversion subsystem with a rapid response in power demand. Moreover, the multi-TES system can supply heat back to the reactor in order to stabilize the reaction resulting in a long-term operation.

Description

SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MULTI-THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE FOR EXCESS HEAT FROMAN EXOTHERMIC REACTOR

Field of invention

The present invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, especially relates to system and method of multi-thermal energy storage for excess heat from an exothermic reactor.

Background of the invention

Generally, an excess heat generation system has comprised a transition metal or alloy loaded with hydrogen or deuterium. In a few cases, the amount of output power significantly exceeded the amount of input power used for operating the heat generation system. According to W02019016606, Apparatus for excess heat generation disclosed an exemplary exothermic reaction system that was configured to generate excess heat. The apparatus was included a set of procedures for preparing and operating the exothermic reaction system. A Residual Gas Analyzer (RGA) or a similar device, like a quadruple mass spectrometer, has been determined to ensure that each step in the set of procedures is to be completed prior to the next steps. The purpose of the whole steps is to assemble and clean the exothermic reaction system, and to be used as a supplementary description along with the RGA test results used as calibration baseline.

At the present, an apparatus for generating excess heat comprises: a vessel with a gas inlet for supplying one or more gases and a gas outlet for gas evacuation; an anode; and a cathode, wherein a power supply is connected to the anode and the cathode to maintain a predetermined voltage differential between the anode and the cathode. The cathode is made of a first transition metal and the anode is made of a second transition metal that is wound with a third transition metal wire, and wherein, when the apparatus is in the operation, the vessel is filled with a deuterium gas of a pre-determined pressure.

A method of preparing an exothermic reactor for operation, the exothermic reactor comprising a vessel, an anode, and a cathode, the method comprising: cleaning the exothermic reactor by loading the system with a hydrogen gas; reducing the exothermic reactor to a strong vacuum; loading the exothermic reactor with a deuterium gas; and activating the exothermic reactor for operation by initiating a glow discharge for a period of time.

After activating the reactor, the reactor is calibrated by a procedure as follows: degassing the deuterium gas; filling the reactor with helium gas to a first pressure; heating the reactor to a plurality of test temperatures; measuring the pressure inside the reactor under the plurality of test temperatures; and removing the helium gas after the reactor has been calibrated.

The optical window may be installed on one end of the vessel said oppositely to the gas inlet-outlet that connects the vessel to the gas system via a valve. The valve may be static or attachable and can be controlled to shut off or turn on the gas supply from the gas system.

However, there are some disadvantages that excess heat generated is not stored in the container and wasted. According to the previous invention, there has not been any apparatus or a system invented to store excess heat in a container before transferring energy to the heat exchanger system. Furthermore, there has not been a power conversion unit that receives excess heat from a container and converts the heat into electricity. The power conversion unit includes at least one electricity generator from the group consisting of a thermoelectric generator, a steam-driven turbine, a fuel cell, an organic Rankine cycle generator.

Hence, the inventor has invented the present invention to solve the mentioned problems of excess heat waste by a system helping storage excess heat generated from an exothermic reactor into at least one container before transferring energy to the heat exchanger and the power conversion unit which receives the heat from the container and convert the heat into an electricity or directly transfer the excess heat from an exothermic reactor into at least one power conversion unit.

Additionally, this invention significantly improves the viability of the exothermic reactor in terms of that the excess heat can be provided, as needed, to a heat consumer unit or a power conversion unit with a rapid response in power demand, and can indeed supply heat back to the reactor in order to stabilize the reaction resulting in a long-term energy operation.

Summary of the invention The invention relates to the system and method of multi-thermal energy storage for excess heat from an exothermic reactor comprising at least one container connected to a heat source in the form of an exothermic reactor, selected from one or more combinations from nuclear fusion reaction, cold fusion reaction or low energy nuclear reaction (LENR), by transferring excess heat through sealed channels or vessels laid oppositely to the gas inlet via a valve controlling and transporting excess heat into at least one container according to a temperature of excess heat.

One of the objectives of the present invention is to store excess heat from an exothermic reactor into at least one container before transferring energy to the heat exchanger and a power conversion unit which receives from the container, and convert the heat to electricity or directly transfer the excess heat from an exothermic reactor into at least one power conversion unit.

Brief description of the drawing

The invention is herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1A illustrates one example of multi-thermal energy storage for excess heat from an exothermic reactor comprising: heat source reactor, a temperature sensor, a valve controller, a thermal energy storage, a heat consumer unit, a power conversion unit in this invention,

FIG. IB illustrates one example of a temperature control system for excess heat/cooling purpose,

FIG. 2 illustrates one example of an embodiment of a first thermal energy storage container and a power conversion unit including stream generator and turbine in this invention,

FIG. 3 illustrates one example of an embodiment of a second thermal energy storage container comprising a desorption and adsorption reactors in this invention,

FIG. 4 illustrates one example of an embodiment of a third thermal energy storage container comprising a phase change material in this invention.

Detailed description of the invention FIG. 1 shows multi-Thermal energy storage system for excess heat from an exothermic reactor.

The system comprises: a heat source reactor (101) at least one pattern in the form of exothermic reactor selected from one or more combinations from nuclear fusion reaction cold fusion reaction or low energy nuclear reaction (LENR), wherein the heat source reactor (101), at least one source is connected to heat channels system in a closed system determined to transfer excess heat through sealed channels or vessel via a valve controller (1022) enforcing the direction of heat flow to one container, which the sealed channels or vessels are laid oppositely to the gas inlet.

The valve controller (1022), automatically operated by a temperature sensor (1021), enforces the direction of heat flow to at least two different channels, which different temperature heat flows to at least two thermal energy storage (TES) containers (103) (104) (105) reliable upon the heat temperature. The temperature sensor (1021) is determined to monitor the temperature of the heat flown within the channel, and send a signal to the valve controller (1022).

The container comprises: A first thermal energy storage container (103) at least one container storing thermal energy via sensible heat storage; a second thermal energy storage container (104) at least one container storing thermal energy via thermochemical heat storage; and a third thermal energy storage container (105) at least one container storing thermal energy via latent heat storage.

The first thermal energy storage container (103) comprises at least one container storing thermal energy via sensible heat storage, via thermochemical heat storage, or via latent heat storage one, or a combination thereof. The second thermal energy storage container (104) comprising of at least one container storing thermal energy via sensible heat storage via thermochemical heat storage or via latent heat storage one or a combination thereof. The third thermal energy storage container (105) comprising of at least one container storing thermal energy via sensible heat storage via thermochemical heat storage or via latent heat storage one or a combination thereof.

Additionally, the first thermal energy storage container (103), the second thermal energy storage container (104), and the third thermal energy storage container (105) are further installed a dummy load (601) to generate a thermal output by thermally coupled from them. A dummy load (601) is configured to inject heat back into the first, second, and third thermal energy storage containers ( 103)( 104)( 105) in case of malfunctioning of heat source reactor (101). A power conversion unit (106) is applicable to receive thermal output from a dummy load (601). A dummy load (601) is suitable for power generation in a range of approximately 5 to 500 kilowatts of power. Dummy load may include more than one piece of equipment and it can be configured for both heating and cooling purposes depending on the needs of the actual thermo-electric load.

Furthermore, the temperature sensor (1021), connecting to a valve controller (1022) determined to classify and transport an excess heat with different temperature ranges through a three-way valve, where the first temperature ranges into a first thermal energy storage container (103); the second temperature ranges into a second thermal energy storage container (104); and the third temperature range into a third thermal energy storage container (105).

In the first, second, and third thermal energy storage containers (103)(104)(105), one temperature can be selected from high temperature, medium temperature, or Low temperature.

The first temperature range, second temperature range, and third temperature with different temperature are discussed as below; the first thermal energy storage container (103) stores an excess heat by means of a molten salt energy storage having a melting point range of 511 °C-900°C, preferable at a range 560 °C- 897 °C, the molten salt includes at least one salt selected from the group consisting of:

K2CO3, or KC1, or KF, or MgF₂,or MgCl₂,or NaCl,or Na₂CO₃,or Ca(NO₃)₂, or LiF, or a combination thereof.

Additionally, the excess heat discharged from a heat consumer unit (108) can indeed supply heat back to the reactor in order to stabilize the reactor resulting in a longterm energy operation for sustainable energy management.

Furthermore, the Multi-TES system is further installed a temperature control system (501) attached with the heat source reactor (101), in case there is rejection of excess heat and/or cooling phase. Within the temperature control system (501), the heater creates very little internal restriction to liquid flow. Velocities are not excessive, and very little pressure drop (less than 2 PSI) is generated across the heater, minimizing friction losses and pump horsepower requirements. The hot water discharge temperature can be sensed immediately downstream of the mixing chamber and requires very minimal piping. The external steam control valve (503) is regulated by a temperature controller (504), as a pneumatic or electronic temperature controller (PLC, DCS), responding to water discharge temperature. As mention previously, the temperature control system (501) is a solution able to be set up manually to any desired outlet water temperature.

As shown in FIG. IB, water temperature setting may also be remotely regulated by a pneumatic or electronic temperature controller (PLC, DCS), and by sensing the product temperature (commonly referred to as cascade temperature control) resulting in that thetemperature control system (501) is fully automatic. The operator simply inputs the desired product set point temperature. At the beginning of the cycle, water temperature is driven to a predetermined maximum level. Then, as the product approaches set point, water temperature is gradually decreased to prevent overshoot. System loop pressure is maintained by an adjustable back pressure relief valve (BPRV) (502) which eliminates the need for an expansion tank. As steam enters into the system, an equal volume of condensate is pushed out of the BPRV. The process has several advantages as follows: with a rapid response to changing process conditions helps ensure precise temperature control within a fraction of a degree; the Multi-TES system is able to become a 100% energy efficient operation; and with a compact design and ease of maintenance, the user canreduce anoperation space and system down time.

FIG. 2 shows one example of its implementation an embodiment of a first thermal energy storage container (103) and a power conversion unit (106) including stream generator (206) and turbine (207), wherein a salt enters the array, it becomes critical and heats up, a salt enters at a preferable temperature of 560 °C and exits at 897 °C. The core inlet temperature is determined by a salt melting temperature, which itself depends on its composition (~500°C for the salts chosen in our study), and the exit temperature is determined by the strength of the materials other than the graphite (204). Once heated, a salt is entrained by pumps (203) and passes hot molten salt (201) and cold molten salt (202) through salt heat exchangers (205) to heat a secondary salt. The thermal energy is then extracted from the secondary salt via a steam generator (206) which feeds a turbine (207) for power conversion.

The second thermal energy storage container (104) stores an excess heat by means of a reversible sorption process having an operating temperature range of 231 °C - 510 °C, preferable at a range of 253 °C - 505 °C, the reversible sorption process includes at least one process selected from the group consisting of:

Mg2NiH-i^ Mg2Ni + 2H2, MgFF^ Mg + H2, or

NH4HSO4— NH₃ + H₂ + SO₃, Ca(OH)₂— CaO + H₂O, or

Mg(OH)2^ MgO + H2O, PbCOs^ PbO + CO2, or a combination thereof.

FIG. 3 shows one example of its implementation with an embodiment of the second thermal energy storage container (104) comprising a desorption and adsorption reactors (302)(305), wherein the closed system is usually based on the desorption reactor 302), a condenser (303) and an evaporator (304).

During the charging process (desorption), heat from the heat source reactor (101) must be supplied to a storage material at high temperature in the desorption reactor (302). Desorbed water vapor released from the sorbent is condensed at low temperatures. A liquid is stored in the reservoir while the heat of condensation can be used either as a low- temperature source or rejected to the environment. When heat is needed, the valve between the evaporator (304) and adsorption reactor (305) is turned on and discharging mode occurs. During the discharging process (adsorption), heat is supplied to the liquid stored in the evaporator (304) at low temperature; the resulting steam is adsorbed in the absorber releasing heat.

The third thermal energy storage container (105) stores an excess heat by a phase change material (PCM) (403) or encapsulated PCM, having a melting point range of 125°C- 230°C, preferable at a range 133 °C - 222 °C, said phase change material includes at least one material selected from the group consisting of:

KNO₃-LiNO₃, or KNO₃-NaNO₂-NaNO₃, or LiNO₃-NaNO₃, or KNO₃-NaNO₃, or a combination thereof.

FIG. 4 shows one example of its implementation with an embodiment of the third thermal energy storage container (105) comprising the phase change material,

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the phase change material (PCM) (403) in solid state, within a PCM container

(402), received heat from the heat source reactor (101), as the environmental temperature rises, it absorbs energy in the form of sensibleheat, through fin (404) and at least one heat transfer fluid, to heat exchanger (409). When the ambient temperature reaches the melting point of a PCM (403), it absorbs large amounts of heat at an almost constant temperaturein forms of latent heat. This process continues until all the material is transformed to the liquid phase.

In this way, heat is stored in a PCM (403) and the temperature is maintained at an optimum level. The third thermal energy storage container (105) also comprises a water/stream tube (405) determined to transfer water from a water tank (408) to the PCM

(403). The heat is released from the PCM (403) to the water, then a stream is occurred and transferred to a turbine (406) in or to generate electricity at an electric generator (407). When the environmental temperature around the liquid PCM falls, it solidifies again, releasing its stored latent heat. Thus, the managed temperature again remains consistent, wherein at least one the position of a first thermal energy storage container (103) connects to a heat consumer unit (108) and the power conversion unit (106), wherein at least one position of a second thermal energy storage container (104) connects to the heat consumer unit (108) and the power conversion unit (106), wherein at least one position of a third thermal energy storage container (105) connects to the heat consumer unit (108) and the power conversion unit (106), wherein the heat consumer unit (108) and the power conversion unit (106) are power source convert to battery (50) at least one battery (50), wherein the heat consumer unit (108) and the power conversion unit (106) are power source convert to heat consumer (50), and wherein the heat consumer (50) is chosen from one or more combinations of the power conversion unit (106) includes at least one electricity generator (407) from the group consisting a thermoelectric generator, a steam-driven turbine, a fuel cell, and organic Rankine cycle generator.

The container mentioned in this invention to be installed underground or on the ground. The first thermal energy storage container (103) with at least one container connected together; comprising of a temperature sensor (1021) and a valve controller (1022) for separate different temperature of thermal energy.

The second thermal energy storage container (104) with at least one container connected together; comprising of a temperature sensor (1021) and a valve controller (1022) for separate different temperature of thermal energy.

The third thermal energy storage container (105) with at least one container connected together; comprising of a temperature sensor (1021) and a valve controller (1022) for separate different temperature of thermal energy. All technologies described herein, in some cases, can also be installed without the need to add or replace other technology or components used in conjunction with the thermal energy storage system.

All technologies examples including PCM or molten salt combined with LENR reactor are subjected to change for further optimization in terms of overall system performance if exothermic reactions are uncontrollable. For example, the bulk storage concept of latent heat storage systems are systems where the entire PCM is stored in a pressurized vessel that can reach one cubic meter with no partitioning of the containment. It can be subjected to change depending on further classification of materials for thermal storage requires modification.

Claims

1. Multi-thermal energy storage (multi-TES)system for excess heat comprising: at least one heat source reactor (101), from at least one pattern in form of the exothermic reactor, connected to heat channels determined to transfer excess heat through at least one sealed channel controlled by a temperature sensor (1021) and a valve controller (1022); the valve controller (1022) enforcing and controlling a direction of the excess heat to flow through at least two different channels, automatically operated by the temperature sensor (1021), wherein at least one excess heat flows into at least one thermal energy storage (TES) container(103)(104)(105) reliable upon the heat temperature; and wherein at least one temperature sensor (1021) determined to monitor the temperature of the heat flown within the channel, and send a signal to the valve controller (1022).

2. The multi-TES system of claim 1, wherein the heat source of the heat source reactor (101) is preferably selected from the nuclear fusion reaction, or cold fusion reaction, or low energy nuclear reaction (LENR), or a combination thereof.

3. The multi-TES system of claim 1, wherein the TES container is determined to transfer excessive heat through a vessel opposite to a gas inlet.

4. The multi-TES system of claim 1, wherein the TES container is preferably sensible heat storage container, or thermochemical heat storage container, or latent heat storage container, or a combination thereof.

5. The multi-TES system of claim 1, wherein the valve controller (1022) is a three-way valve.

6. The multi-TES system of claim 4, wherein the first TES container (103) stores the excess heat via sensible heat storage, by means of a molten salt energy storage having a melting point range of 511°C -900°C.

7. The multi-TES system of claim 6, wherein the molten salt of the molten salt energy storage includes at least one salt preferably selected from K2CO3, or KC1, or KF, or MgF2,or MgCh,or NaCl,or Na2CO3,or Ca(NC>3)2, or LiF, or a combination thereof.

8. The multi-TES system of claim 4, wherein the second TES container (104), with at least one container, stores the excess heat, via thermochemical heat storage by means of a reversible sorption process having an operating temperature range of 231 °C - 510 °C.

9. The multi-TES system of claim 8, wherein the sorption process includes at least one process preferably selected from:

Mg2NiH₄ - Mg2Ni + 2H2, Mgtk <- Mg + H2, or

Mg(0H)2 ^ MgO + H2O, PbCO₃ <- PbO + CO2, or a combination thereof.

10. The multi-TES system of claim 4, wherein the third TES container (104), with at least one container, stores the excess heat via latent heat storage, by a phase change material (PCM) (403) or encapsulated PCM having a melting point range of 125° C - 230° C.

11. The multi-TES system of claim 10, wherein the phase change material includes at least one material preferably selected from KNO₃-LiNO₃, or KNO₃-NaNO2-NaNO₃, or LiNO₃-NaNO₃, or KNO₃-NaNO₃, or a combination thereof.

12. The multi-TES system of claim 1, further comprises a power conversion subsystem determined to receives the excess heat from a heat source, or from one of the TES containers; and convert to electricity.

13. The multi-TES system of claim 12, wherein the power conversion subsystem includes at least one electricity generator (208)(407)preferably selected from a thermoelectric generator, or a steam-driven turbine, or a fuel cell, or an organic Rankine cycle generator, or a combination thereof.

14. The multi-TES system of claim 6, wherein the most preferable melting point range of the molten salt is 560°C - 897°C.

15. The multi-TES system of claim 8, wherein the most preferable operating temperature range of the reversible sorption process is 253 °C - 505 °C.

16. The multi-TES system of claim 10, wherein the most preferable melting point range of the phase change material (PCM) (403) or encapsulated PCM is 133° C - 222° C.

17. Multi-thermal energy storage (multi-TES) system for excess heat comprising: at least one heat source reactor (101), from at least one pattern in form of exothermic reactor, connected to heat channels determined to transfer excess heat through at least one sealed channel controlled by a temperature sensor (1021) and a valve controller (1022); the valve controller (1022) enforcing and controlling a direction of the excess heat to flow through at least two different channels, automatically operated by the temperature sensor (1021), wherein at least one excess heat flows into at least one thermal energy storage (TES) container (103) (104) (105) reliable upon the heat temperature; wherein at least one temperature sensor (1021) determined to monitor temperature of the heat flown within the channel, and send a signal to the valve controller (1022); a temperature control system (501) resulting in that water temperature is able to be remotely regulated by a temperature controller (504), as a pneumatic or electronic temperature controller (PLC, DCS), driven to a predetermined maximum level, and gradually decreased to prevent overshoot of the multi-TES system, wherein the system loop pressure is maintained by an adjustable back pressure relief valve (BPRV) (502) eliminating the need for an expansion tank.

18. The multi-TES system of the previous claims, wherein the system is able to be installed with, or added to, or replaced with other TES technologies or components in TES-related apparatus.

19. The multi-TES system of claim 18, wherein the other TES technologies include that phase change material (PCM) (403) or molten salt, combined with the low energy nuclear reaction (LENR) reactor, relying upon an overall system performance and uncontrollability of the exothermic reaction.

20. The multi-TES system of the previous claims, wherein the first, second, and third thermal energy storage containers ( 103)( 104)( 105) are further installed a dummy load (601) to generate a thermal output by thermally coupled and combined at least one excess heat to power generation system. A dummy load (601) is configured to inject heat back into the first, second, and third thermal energy storage containers (103)( 104)( 105) in case of malfunctioning of heat source reactor (101).

21. Method of multi-thermal energy storage (multi-TES) for excess heat comprising: transferring excess heat from at least one heat source reactor (101), connected to heat channels from at least one pattern in form of the exothermic reactor, through at least one sealed channel controlled by a temperature sensor (1021) and a valve controller (1022); monitoring temperature of the heat flown within the channel by at least one temperature sensor(1021); sending a signal to the valve controller (1022); enforcing and controlling a direction of the excess heat, by the valve controller (1022) after receiving the signal from the valve controller (1022);and flowing the excess heat, through at least two different channels, automatically operated by the temperature sensor (1021), into at least one thermal energy storage (TES) container (103) (104) (105) reliable upon the heat temperature.

22. The method of multi-TES of claim 21, wherein the heat source of the heat source reactor (101) is preferably selected from the nuclear fusion reaction, or cold fusion reaction, or low energy nuclear reaction (LENR), or a combination thereof.

23. The method of multi-TES of claim 21, wherein the TES container is determined to transfer excessive heat through a vessel opposite to a gas inlet.

24. The method of multi-TES of claim 21, wherein the TES container is preferably sensible heat storage container, or thermochemical heat storage container, or latent heat storage container, or a combination thereof.

25. The method of multi-TESof claim 21, wherein the valve controller (1022) is a three- way valve.

26. The method of multi-TES of claim 24, wherein the first TES container (103) stores the excess heat via sensible heat storage, by means of a molten salt energy storage having a melting point range of 511°C -900°C.

27. The method of multi-TES of claim 26, wherein the molten salt of the molten salt energy storage includes at least one salt preferably selected from K2COs, or KC1, or KF, or MgF2,or MgCh,or NaCl,or Na2CO3,or Ca(NOs)2, or LiF, or a combination thereof.

28. The method of multi-TES of claim 25, wherein the second TES container (104), with at least one container, stores the excess heat, via thermochemical heat storage by means of a reversible sorption process having an operating temperature range of 231 °C - 510 °C.

29. The method of multi-TES of claim 28, wherein the sorption process includes at least one process preferably selected from:

Mg2NiH₄ - Mg2Ni + 2H2, Mgtk <- Mg + H2, or

Mg(0H)2 ^ MgO + H2O, PbCO₃ <- PbO + CO2, or a combination thereof.

30. The method of multi-TES of claim 24, wherein the third TES container (104), with at least one container, stores the excess heat via latent heat storage, by a phase change material (PCM) (403) or encapsulated PCM having a melting point range of 125° C - 230° C.

31. The method of multi-TES of claim 30, wherein the phase change material includes at least one material preferably selected from KNO₃-LiNO₃, or KNO₃-NaNO2-NaNO₃, or LiNO₃-NaNO₃, or KNO₃-NaNO₃, or a combination thereof.

32. The method of multi-TES of claim 21, further comprises a power conversion subsystem determined to receive the excess heat from a heat source, or from one of the TES containers; and convert to electricity.

33. The method of multi-TES of claim 32, wherein the power conversion subsystem includes at least one electricity generator (208)(407) preferably selected from a thermoelectric generator, or a steam-driven turbine, or a fuel cell, or an organic Rankine cycle generator, or a combination thereof.

34. The method of multi-TES of claim 26, wherein the most preferable melting point range of the molten salt is 560°C - 897 °C.

35. The method of multi-TES of claim 28, wherein the most preferable operating temperature range of the reversible sorption process is 253 °C - 505 °C.

36. The method of multi-TES of claim 30, wherein the most preferable melting point range of the phase change material (PCM) (403) or encapsulated PCM is 133° C - 222° C.

37. The method of multi-TES of the previous claims, wherein the system is able to be installed with, or added to, or replaced with other TES technologies or components in

TES-related apparatus.

38. The method of multi-TES of claim 37, wherein the other TES technologies include that phase change material (PCM) (403) or molten salt, combined with the low energy nuclear reaction (LENR)reactor, relying upon an overall system performance and uncontrollability of the exothermic reaction.

39. The method of multi-TES of claim 21 further comprises stabilizing (109) the reactor by discharging the excess heat from a heat consumer unit (108)to supply heat back to the reactor in order to resulting in a long-term energy operation for sustainable energy management.