WO2023047432A1

WO2023047432A1 - A concrete composition and a method of preparation thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2023047432A1
Application number: PCT/JO2021/050014
Authority: WO
Inventors: Rabab AL LOUZI; Nayef ALSUMIR
Original assignee: JORDAN, University of
Current assignee: JORDAN, University of
Priority date: 2021-09-21
Filing date: 2021-09-21
Publication date: 2023-03-30
Anticipated expiration: 2024-03-21

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a concrete composition comprising cement, water; basalt fine sand, basalt aggregates, one or more admixtures, and basalt nanoparticles to produce ultrahigh strength concrete, and a method of preparation thereof.

Description

A CONCRETE COMPOSITION AND A METHOD OF PREPARATION

THEREOF

TECHNICAL FIELD

[01] The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods of preparation, and more particularly to concrete compositions containing nanoparticles used to produce ultrahigh strength concrete, and preparation method thereof.

BACKGROUND

[02] The developments in the field of nanotechnology have opened the door for more promising solutions to be introduced, utilized, and developed. Utilizing nanoparticles- based construction materials that provide improved mechanical properties is widely disclosed in the prior art. For instance, the Chinese patent number CN104496337 discloses a nano-clay modified fiber cement mortar and a preparation method thereof. The nano-clay modified fiber cement mortar is prepared by a gel material, nano-clay particles, pulverized fuel ash (“PVA”) fiber, a plasticizer, a water reducing agent, quartz sand and water. The nano-clay modified fiber cement mortar fully utilizes the unique effects of the nano-clay particles and the PVA fiber, wherein the chloride penetration resistance performance and mechanical property of a cement base body can be remarkably improved.

[03] The Korean publication number KR20160144058, discloses an ultra-high performance concrete (“UHPC”) for mixing a micro basalt fiber and a macro steel fiber, and a manufacturing method thereof, capable of increasing initial crack strength and bending tensile strength by mixing the micro basalt fiber and the macro steel fiber into a binder during the manufacturing the UHPC. The UHPC includes a binder; the micro basalt fiber; the macro steel fiber; coarse aggregate; fine aggregate; water; and a superplasticizer.

[04] The Chinese publication number CN108298897discloses a cold-paving cutback asphalt material modified with cement and nano-clay. The cold-paving cutback asphalt material is prepared from aggregates, asphalt, a diluent, cement and nano-clay, wherein the aggregates are basalt and are subjected to discontinuous grading to form a framework dense structure; the asphalt is matrix asphalt; the diluent is diesel oil; the cement is ordinary Portland cement and has high activity and high alkalinity, the cement is subjected to a reaction with carboxylic acid in the asphalt.

[05] None of the prior art documents discloses a concrete composition with basalt nano-sized particles, which its incorporation in concrete mixes can significantly improve the mechanical properties of concrete.

SUMMARY

[06] Therefore, it is an object of the present disclosure to provide a novel concrete composition containing basalt nanoparticles to produce ultrahigh strength concrete.

[07] In aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a concrete composition that may include cement; water; basalt fine sand; basalt aggregates; one or more admixtures; and basalt nanoparticles.

[08] In aspects of the disclosure, the basalt aggregates may be a mixture of large coarse aggregates, medium coarse aggregates, crushed fine aggregates, or a combination thereof.

[09] In some aspects of the disclosure, the one or more admixtures may be water reducing admixtures, set-retarding admixtures, or superplasticizers.

[010] In aspects of the disclosure, the one or more admixture may be a superplasticizer type G admixture.

[011] In some aspects of the disclosure, the basalt nanoparticles are added to mixture using wet-mixing method.

[012] In some aspects of the disclosure, the percentage of the cement may range from about 30.84% to about 31.42% by weight.

[013] In some aspects of the disclosure, the percentage of water may range from about

7.79% to about 7.93% by weight.

[014] In some aspects of the disclosure, the percentage of the basalt fine sand may range from about 8.87% to about 9.3% by weight. [015] In some aspects of the disclosure, the percentage of the large coarse aggregates may range from about 11.45% to about 11.67% by weight.

[016] In some aspects of the disclosure, the percentage of the medium coarse aggregates may range from about 19.55% to about 19.91% by weight.

[017] In some aspects of the disclosure, the percentage of the crushed fine aggregates may range from about 18.27% to about 18.62% by weight.

[018] In some aspects of the disclosure, the percentage of the one or more admixtures may range from about 0.46% to about to about 0.47% by weight.

[019] In some aspects of the disclosure, the percentage of the basalt nanoparticles may range from about 0.94% to about 2.78% by weight.

[020] In some aspects of the disclosure, the effective water-to-cement ratio may range from about 0.207 to about 0.219.

[021] In yet other aspects, there is provided a method for preparing a concrete composition comprising cement, water, basalt fine sand, basalt aggregates, one or more admixtures, and basalt nanoparticles, the method may include the steps of:

Adding water to the cement to produce a first mixture;

- Preparing the basalt nanoparticles to be mixed with the one or more admixtures;

- Dissolving the basalt nanoparticles in the one or more admixtures to produce a first solution;

- Mixing the first solution with the first mixture to produce a second mixture;

Adding the basalt aggregates to the second mixture;

- Mixing the second mixture; and

Casting the second mixture into a mold. [022] In aspects of the disclosure, preparing the basalt nanoparticles may include the steps of:

Mining basalt stones to produce mined basalt stones;

Treating the mined basalt stones through a multi-stage treatment;

Mechanically grinding the mined basalt stones to a required size to obtain the basalt nanoparticles while the basalt nanoparticles were exposed to a high temperature due to grinding; and

Separating the basalt nanoparticles according to size.

[023] In the method of the present disclosure, the multi-stage treatment may remove suspended impurities and salt from the mined basalt stones.

[024] In the method of the present disclosure, grinding the mined basalt stones may be repeated several times, each time by using a suitable grinding machine. The type of the machine used is dependent on the required basalt nanoparticles size.

[025] In the method of the present disclosure, the separation of the basalt nanoparticles may be done by a mechanical separator and fans.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[026] The disclosure will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, without however limiting the scope of the disclosure thereof, and in which:

[027] FIG. 1 illustrates a flowchart of a method of preparing a concrete composition, the method being configured in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

[028] FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of a method of preparing the basalt nanoparticles, the method being configured in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

[029] FIG. 3 illustrates a column chart showing the relation between the compressive strength results of Examples 1, 2 and 3 and the basalt nanoparticles percentages tested on the 3^rd day. [030] FIG. 4 illustrates a column chart showing the relation between the compressive strength results of Examples 1, 2 and 3 and the basalt nanoparticles percentages tested on the 7^th day.

[031] FIG. 5 illustrates a column chart showing the relation between the compressive strength results of Examples 1, 2 and 3 and the basalt nanoparticles percentages tested on the 28^th day.

[032] FIG. 6 illustrates a column chart showing the relation between average splitting tensile strength results of Examples 1, 2 and 3 and basalt nanoparticles percentages tested on the 7^th day.

[033] FIG. 7 illustrates a column chart showing the relation between average splitting tensile strength results of Examples 1, 2 and 3 and basalt nanoparticles percentages tested on the 28^th day.

[034] FIG. 8 illustrates a column chart showing the relation between the average flexural strength results of the concrete prisms of Examples 1, 2 and 3 and the basalt nanoparticles percentages tested on the 28^th day.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[035] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a concrete composition, including water, basalt fine sand, basalt aggregates, one or more admixtures, and basalt nanoparticles.

[036] In embodiments of the disclosure, the basalt aggregates may be a mixture of large coarse aggregates, medium coarse aggregates, crushed fine aggregates, or a combination thereof.

[037] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the one or more admixtures may be water reducing admixture, set-retarding admixture, or one or more superplasticizers.

[038] In some embodiments, the one or more superplacticizers may be a superplasticizer type G admixture. [039] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the size of the large coarse aggregates may range from about 12.7 to 19 mm, and the medium coarse aggregates from about 4.75 to 12.6 mm.

[040] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the basalt nanoparticles are added to mixture using wet-mixing method.

[041 ] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the percentage of the cement may range from about 30.84% to about 31.42% by weight.

[042] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the percentage of water may range from about 7.79% to about 7.93% by weight.

[043] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the percentage of the basalt fine sand may range from about 8.87% to about 9.3% by weight.

[044] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the percentage of the large coarse aggregates may range from about 11.45% to about 11.67% by weight.

[045] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the percentage of the medium coarse aggregates may range from about 19.55% to about 19.91% by weight.

[046] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the percentage of the crushed fine aggregates may range from about 18.27% to about 18.62% by weight.

[047] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the percentage of the one or more admixtures may range from about 0.46% to about to about 0.47% by weight.

[048] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the percentage of the basalt nanoparticles may range from about 0.94% to about 2.78% by weight.

[049] In some aspects of the disclosure, the effective water-cement ratio may range from about 0.207 to about 0.219.

[050] In other embodiments of the disclosure, wet mixing may be used to mix the concrete composition.

[051] In other embodiments of the disclosure, nano-basalt may be extracted from the lower ground layers to ensure the purity and quality of the extracted basalt stones. [052] Reference is now being made to FIGS. 1 - 2, which illustrate a method of preparing a concrete composition configured in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, the method may include the steps of adding water to the cement to produce a first mixture (process block 1-1), preparing the basalt nanoparticles to be mixed with the one or more admixtures (process block 1-2), dissolving the basalt nanoparticles in the one or more admixtures to produce a first solution (process block

1-3), mixing the first solution with the first mixture to produce a second mixture (process block 1-4), adding the basalt aggregates to the second mixture and mixing the second mixture (process block 1-5), and finally casting the second mixture into a mold (process block 1-6).

[053] In the method of the disclosure, the preparation of the basalt nanoparticles may include the steps of mining basalt stones to produce mined basalt stones (process block

2-1); treating the mined basalt stones through a multi-stage treatment (process block 2-2); grinding the mined basalt stones to a required size to obtain the basalt nanoparticles, while exposing the basalt nanoparticles to a high temperature (process block 2-3); and separating the basalt nanoparticles according to size (process block 2- 4).

[054] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the multi-stage treatment may remove suspended impurities and salt from the mined basalt stones.

[055] In some embodiments of the disclosure, grinding the mined basalt stones on a plurality of stages and/or by using a one or more of grinding machines. The number of stages and the grinding machines are merely dependent on the size of the required basalt nanoparticles.

[056] In some embodiments, the one or more grinding machines may be a ball mill machine, a ring mill machine, and/or rod mill.

[057] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the separation of basalt nanoparticles may be done by a mechanical separator and fans.

[058] The disclosure is now further illustrated on the basis of Examples and a detailed description from which further features and advantages may be taken. It is to be noted that the following explanations are presented for the purpose of illustration and description only; they are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise form disclosed.

[059] In Examples 1-3, reference will be made to FIGS. 3 - 8.

Example 1

The concrete composition with basalt nanoparticles of 3% of the weight of the cement

[060] In this example, the concrete composition was prepared with basalt nanoparticles of 3% of the weight of the cement, wherein the percentages of the components in relation to the total mass were as follows: water 7.93%, cement 31.42%, basalt fine sand 9.3%, large coarse aggregates 11.67%, medium coarse aggregates 19.91%, crushed fine aggregates 18.62%, and basalt nanoparticles 0.94% by total weight.

[061] Reference mixture was casted for comparison without adding basalt nanoparticles. The concrete composition was prepared with 0% of basalt nanoparticles, wherein the percentages of the components in relation to the total weight were as follows: water 8.01%, cement 31.72%, basalt fine sand 9.12%, large coarse aggregates 11.78%, medium coarse aggregates 20.10%, and crushed fine aggregates 18.79%.

[062] The compression test was conducted according to the BS EN 1390-3:2019. Cubic-specimens of 100mm >< 100mm * 100mm were casted and tested for compressive strength.

[063] Standard test method for splitting tensile strength used is ASTM C496/ C496M- 17. Cylinders were 150mm diameter and 300mm height.

[064] The flexure strength was investigated according to ASTM C293/ C293M-16 using the center point loading flexural test.

[065] The results have shown that after 3 days, the compressive strength was improved by 4.78% compared to reference mixture (FIG. 3).

[066] At the age of 7 days, the compressive strength was improved by 32.19% compared to reference mixture (FIG. 4). Also, for the same basalt nanoparticles percentage, the tensile strength was improved by 39.27% compared to reference mixture (FIG. 6).

[067] At the age of 28 days, the compressive strength was improved by 35.65% compared to reference mixture (FIG. 5). Also, for the same basalt nanoparticles percentage, the tensile strength was improved by 44.64% (FIG. 7) and the flexural strength was improved by 16.16% compared to reference mixture (FIG. 8).

Example 2

The concrete composition with basalt nanoparticles of 6% of the weight of the cement

[068] In this example, the concrete composition was prepared with basalt nanoparticles of 6% of the weight of the cement, wherein the percentages of the components in relation to the total mass were as follows: water 7.86%, cement 31.13%, basalt fine sand 8.95%, large coarse aggregates 11.56%, medium coarse aggregates 19.73%, crushed fine aggregates 18.44%, and basalt nanoparticles 1.87 by total weight.

[069] Reference mixture was casted for comparison without adding nano-basalt. The concrete composition was prepared with 0% of basalt nanoparticles, wherein the percentages of the components in relation to the total weight were as follows: water 8.01%, cement 31.72%, basalt fine sand 9.12%, large coarse aggregates 11.78%, medium coarse aggregates 20.10%, and crushed fine aggregates 18.79%.

[070] The compression test was conducted according to the BS EN 1390-3:2019. Cubic-specimens of 100mm >< 100mm * 100mm were casted and tested for compressive strength.

[071] Standard test method for splitting tensile strength used is ASTM C496/ C496M- 17. Cylinders were 300mm height and 150mm diameter.

[072] The flexure strength was investigated according to ASTM C293/ C293M-16 using the center point loading flexural test.

[073] At the age of 3 days, the improvement in the compressive strength achieved was!2.29% compared to reference mixture (FIG. 3). [074] At the age of 7 days, the improvement in the compressive strength achieved was 51.25% compared to reference mixture (FIG. 4). Also, for the same nano-basalt percentage, the tensile strength was improved by 69.51% (FIG. 6).

[075] At the age of 28 days, the improvement in the compressive strength achieved was 64.83% compared to reference mixture (FIG. 5). Also, for the same nano-basalt percentages, the tensile strength was improved by 53.64% (FIG. 7) and the flexural strength was improved by 25.28% compared to reference mixture (FIG. 8).

Example 3

The concrete composition with basalt nanoparticles of 9% of the weight of the cement

[076] In this example, the concrete composition was prepared with basalt nanoparticles of 9% of the weight of the cement, wherein the percentages of the components in relation to the total mass were as follows: water 7.79%, cement 30.84%, basalt fine sand 8.87%, large coarse aggregates 11.45%, medium coarse aggregates 19.55%, crushed fine aggregates 18.27%, and basalt nanoparticles 2.78% by total weight.

[077] Reference mixture was casted for comparison without adding nano-basalt. The concrete composition was prepared with 0% of basalt nanoparticles, wherein the percentages of the components in relation to the total weight were as follows: water 8.01%, cement 31.72%, basalt fine sand 9.12%, large coarse aggregates 11.78%, medium coarse aggregates 20.10%, and crushed fine aggregates 18.79%.

[078] The compression test was conducted according to the BS EN 1390-3:2019. Cubic-specimens of 100mm >< 100mm * 100mm were casted and tested for compressive strength.

[079] Standard test method for splitting tensile strength used is ASTM C496/ C496M-

17. Cylinders were 300mm height and 150mm diameter.

[080] The flexure strength was investigated according to ASTM C293/ C293M-16 using the center point loading flexural test. [081] At the age of 3 days, the improvement in the compressive strength achieved was a 1.03% compared to reference mixture (FIG. 3).

[082] At the age of 7 days, the improvement in the compressive strength achieved was

13.07% compared to reference mixture (FIG. 4). Also, for the same nano-basalt percentages, the tensile strength was improved by 34.88% compared to reference mixture (FIG. 6).

[083] At the age of 28 days, the improvement in the compressive strength achieved was 19.50% compared to reference mixture (FIG. 7). Also, for the same nano-basalt percentages, the tensile strength was improved by 16.28% and the flexural strength was improved by 6.08%compared to reference mixture (FIG. 8).

[084] While embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various additions, omissions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

[085] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about”. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in this specification and attached claims are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the presently disclosed subject matter.

[086] As used herein, the term “about”, when referring to a value or to an amount of mass, weight, time, volume, concentration or percentage is meant to encompass variations of in some embodiments ±20%, in some embodiments ±10%, in some embodiments ±5%, in some embodiments ±1%, in some embodiments ±0.5%, and in some embodiments ±0.1% from the specified amount, as such variations are appropriate to perform the disclosed method.

Claims

1. A concrete composition comprising cement, water, basalt fine sand, basalt aggregates, one or more admixtures, and basalt nanoparticles.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the basalt aggregates are a mixture of large coarse aggregates, medium coarse aggregates, and crushed fine aggregates.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more admixtures is a superplasticizer type G admixture.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more admixtures is used as a solvent for the basalt nanoparticles.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein a percentage of the cement is from about 30.84% to about 31.42% by weight.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein a percentage of water is from about 7.79% to about 7.93% by weight.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein a percentage of the basalt fine sand is from about 8.87% to about 9.3%by weight.

8. The composition of claim 2, wherein a percentage of the large coarse aggregates is from about 11.45% to about 11.67% by weight.

9. The composition of claim 2, wherein a percentage of the medium coarse aggregates is from about 19.55% to about 19.91% by weight.

10. The composition of claim 2, wherein a percentage of the crushed fine aggregates is from about 18.27% to about 18.62% by weight.

11. The composition of claim 1, wherein a percentage of the one or more admixtures is from about 0.46% to about to about 0.47% by weight.

12. The composition of claim 1, wherein a percentage of the basalt nanoparticles is from about 0.94% to about 2.78% by weight. In some aspects of the disclosure, the effective water cement ratio may range from about 0.207 to about 0.219. A method for preparing the concrete composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the method comprises the steps of:

Adding water to cement to produce a first mixture;

Preparing basalt nanoparticles to be mixed with the one or more admixtures;

Dissolving the basalt nanoparticles in the one or more admixtures to produce a first solution;

Mixing the first solution with the first mixture to produce a second mixture;

Adding the basalt aggregates to the second mixture;

Mixing the second mixture; and

Casting the second mixture into a mold. The method of claim 14, wherein preparing the basalt nanoparticles comprises the steps of:

Mining basalt stones to produce mined basalt stones;

Treating mined basalt stones through a multi-stage treatment;

Grinding mined basalt stones to a required size to obtain the basalt nanoparticles, Exposing basalt nanoparticles to a high temperature; and

Separating the basalt nanoparticles according to size. The method of claim 15, wherein the multi-stage treatment removes suspended impurities and salt from the mined basalt stones. The method of claim 15, wherein grinding mined basalt stones is done by using a first grinding machine, and a second grinding machine.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein separating basalt nanoparticles is done by a mechanical separator and fans.

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