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WO2022233382A1 - Composite pour un substrat de croissance de plante et procédés d'utilisation dudit substrat - Google Patents

Composite pour un substrat de croissance de plante et procédés d'utilisation dudit substrat Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022233382A1
WO2022233382A1 PCT/EP2021/061508 EP2021061508W WO2022233382A1 WO 2022233382 A1 WO2022233382 A1 WO 2022233382A1 EP 2021061508 W EP2021061508 W EP 2021061508W WO 2022233382 A1 WO2022233382 A1 WO 2022233382A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composite
seedling
mould
substrate
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2021/061508
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English (en)
Inventor
Jüri LIIV
Merrit SHANSKIY
Tõnis Teppand
Ivar SUURKIVI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Roheline Kivi Oue
Original Assignee
Roheline Kivi Oue
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Roheline Kivi Oue filed Critical Roheline Kivi Oue
Priority to PCT/EP2021/061508 priority Critical patent/WO2022233382A1/fr
Publication of WO2022233382A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022233382A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
    • A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/04—Arranging seed on carriers, e.g. on tapes, on cords ; Carrier compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/04—Arranging seed on carriers, e.g. on tapes, on cords ; Carrier compositions
    • A01C1/046—Carrier compositions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to substrates for growth of plants, and methods of preparing and using such substrates.
  • the present invention relates to substrates and methods for growing plants usually grown in container environments, such as in containers in greenhouses, nurseries, private homes, or businesses without the container or using reusable containers.
  • the humate film used allows encapsulating all the nutrients needed by most of plats during the whole lifecycle and therefore using the composite eliminates necessity of fertilizing and substantially decreases the need for watering.
  • the present invention provides compositions comprising concrete composite with organic filling where the undesirable impact of Ca 2 + ions is eliminated using binding their free valencies to the humic acid molecules; formed extremely thin humate film on all the surfaces of the cement crystals has extremely high ability of binding plant nutrients and water.
  • peat substrates Slightly decomposed peat has provided the primary base for most greenhouse and nursery substrates. These materials are excellent substrates, but their future availability and cost is uncertain. Furthermore, using of peat substrates requires potting the plants in throwaway plastic containers producing a huge amount of plastic litter.
  • Chinese patent CN1178570C “Composite material with plant nourishing effect and its preparation” describes a material prepared from 40 to 60 percent by mass of peat, 10 to 30 percent by mass of curing agent, 10 to 30 percent by mass of adsorbing agent and 5 to 10 percent by mass of nutritional additive. Portland cement and slaked lime are using as curing agent. Due to high calcium content of these materials the harmful impact of fee calcium (described below) prevents using the described material for majority of plant species.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing self-hardening plant growing substrate allowing plants usually grown in containers to be cultivated without any vessel.
  • seedling is used in the broadest meaning of said word and includes seed, seedling, small pre-grown plant, root, etc .
  • Wood combustion ash is preferred as it serves as a source of potassium hydroxide (and phosphorus) as well.
  • any pozzolanic agent sica fume, soluble glass, finely ground sand or glass etc. can be added.
  • a composite of invention comprises:
  • the composite of invention may also comprise additives.
  • additives such as crystal sulphur for balancing pH level, zeolites to enhance the water binding ability, additional gypsum (makes the mixture more elastic and reduces shrinkage during solidification), etc .
  • said inorganic binder is selected from the following group comprising a cement, Portland cement, lime or quick lime, fly ash containing calcium oxide, oil shale ash, deSOx ash (ash collected from a desulphurisation system), gypsum or mixture thereof.
  • said inert filler is selected from the following group comprising inorganic inert material, organic compost, peat, slightly decomposed peat, sawdust or mixture thereof.
  • said source of humic acids is selected from the following group comprising pure humate concentrate, 5% potassium humate solution, decomposed peat, which is activated with ammonia solution (released humates), organic humate fertilizer (TURPS ® ) or mixture thereof.
  • complex NPK fertilizer or mixture thereof.
  • Soluble humates are the most important component of fertile soil. Humates are naturally produced by bacteria. In case of lack of humates the soil loses its ability to bind water and plant nutrients what causes disability to provide the plants the essential growing media. Humates have extremely complicated chemical structure (see Figure 1) having numerous functional groups which can be bonded to different cations.
  • the humic acids are natural complexing agent. All essential microelements, being the variable-valence metals, form chelate complexes with the humates. This is a determinant for plants’ nourishment. Another important quality of the humates is their ability to bond polyvalent metal ions into complexes since their excess amount in soil results in poor phosphorus uptake by the plants. It ensures good agricultural productivity and ecological purity of the product.
  • humic acids When humic acids interact with multivalent metals, such as iron, zinc, copper and others they form new type of compounds, called chelates. Additionally, to usual valent connections they form coordination bonds. Chelates of polyvalent metals under particular circumstances can be soluble in water, whilst in their usual condition they are insoluble. Colloidal structure of the humic acid and the high level of hydrophilicity of terminal functional groups give them the ability to gelatinize. That is how many researchers explain the increase in soil water retention after the humate treatment. This is particularly important for drought-afflicted regions.
  • the humic component of the composite can be an industrial salt of humic acids K or NH 3 or a humic-rich material (peat, lignite) that is treated with aqueous potassium hydroxide and/or ammonia during the manufacturing process (the process can be performed separately or combined with the composite itself).
  • peat, lignite a humic-rich material
  • the process of creation of humic film is the following:
  • the initial concentration of K + and NH 4 + ions in the initial solution is high, their humates are soluble and dissociable in water, and form a gel solution that surrounds the composite particles as a layer of molecular thickness.
  • the resulting high pH-level (more than 13) also allows the formation of hydrosilicates in mixtures containing humates (usually retarding the concrete hardening).
  • Cement crystals begin to form (see Figure 2) and bind the organic matter particles into a uniform mass.
  • the cations slowly migrate to the organic matter and the pH drops.
  • the material also begins to absorb carbon dioxide from the air, which reacts with lime to form CaCO 3 and this also leads to a lowering of the pH-level.
  • the chelation process now begins, i.e. some functional groups of the humic substance give up hydrogen and bind to the free valences of Ca. However, most remain active. In this way, a very stable insoluble humate film of molecular thickness is formed on each surface, which is able to bind a large number of nutrient and water molecules. Also, the bound Ca no longer reacts with phosphates and allows normal phosphorus metabolism in the composite.
  • seed, seedling, root, or plant is introduced basically immediately into the substrate after pouring composite into the mould. After said composite is hard enough (hardening up to one week), hardened substrate block with said seed, seedling, or plant in it is removed from the mould.
  • seed is introduced into the substrate after said composite has harden in said mould.
  • said composite is left to harden up to one week.
  • hardened composite blocks are removed from the moulds and used for planting seed, seedling or plant into said substrate block or said block packed for later use.
  • a hole is drilled into the hardened composite block for planting a seed or seedling and plant and after planting, said block is watered.
  • said plant growth substrate having seedling in it can be planted into a soil or other substrate.
  • Said plant growth substrate provides over time to said plant nutrients and eventually said growth substrate crumbles and dissolves into the surrounding soil, leaving behind no waste.
  • Said growth substrate is also used as separate product, where hardened composite forming plant growth substrate is manufactured and sold as separate product.
  • the ampoule retains moisture very well (the ampoule can be undried in the sun for weeks, if the ampoule dies in 1-2 days with soil) and has all the nutrients for plant growth (no need to fertilize).
  • the peat humic substances for example, contain biologically active components that promote plant growth and, in particular, root system development, so that plants grow significantly better on such concrete than in normal soil.
  • additives can be used in the composite, e.g., crystalline sulphur to lower the pH; various adhesives mixture to improve adhesion to surfaces (KMC, PVA, etc.) etc. etc.
  • the material can be used in various ways:
  • the substrate can be distributed in form of prefabricated blocks (without container), dosed in reusable containers in situ or 3D-printed in form of flowerbeds, greenery sculptures, landscaping elements, etc.
  • the plastic litter creation (used containers) is fully eliminated; the used material can be spread on any green area serving as soil improver. All in all, the plant growing process has zero residues.
  • Figure 1 depicts an example of typical humic acid, where the functional groups are circled by dotted lines
  • Figure 2 depicts a separate concrete crystal and humic acid molecule (pH>13)
  • Figure 3 depicts a humic acid molecules chelated to the concrete crystal forming thin humate film
  • Figure 4 depicts a flow diagram of a plant growing system according to the second aspect of the invention
  • Figure 5 depicts a flow diagram of a plant growing system according to the third aspect of the invention
  • Figure 6 depicts a flow diagram of a plant growing system according to the fourth aspect of the invention.
  • Said composite is usable in an automated production process for precrowing plants before selling them to the customers.
  • Current example is illustrated by the flow chart on Figure 5.
  • step a the moulds are transported using a conveyor (step a) and every single mould is filled (step b) with composite of the invention, which forms plant growth substrate for a seed, which is introduced into said substate (step c).
  • step e In order to said seeds to start to grow (germination), for a predetermined length of time a water, temperature and light is provided (step e), and after seed has grown into a seedling, for a predetermined length of time a water, temperature and light is continued to be provided (step f) until said seedling has achieved its predetermined size to be used.
  • said growth substrate is able to maintain its form without mould or pot, it can be sold to the customers for immediate use, or for planting out, into the soil.
  • Said hardened substrate body with plant is now ready for further use, for example for sending them to the resellers or directly to the customers, who can plant them as whole, that is plant said hardened substrate body with plant into the soil.
  • a flow diagram of a plant growing system according to the third aspect of the invention is depicted, where in a first step a, a mould is provided and filled in step b with the composite of the invention.
  • step c poured composite is left to harden in said mould for a predetermined period of time, then in step d, into the semi-hardened composite a recess is made for a seed, seedling or root.
  • step e where a seed, seedling or root is provided and inserted in step e into said growth substrate in said mould.
  • steps g and h for a predetermined length of time, a water, a temperature and a light are proved in order to germinate said seed, seedling or root and grow a seedling.
  • a last step i when seedling has reached predetermined growth, separating said plant (seedling) with hardened substrate body from the mould.
  • a flow diagram of a plant growing system according to the fourth aspect of the invention is depicted, where in a first step a, a mould is provided and filled in step b with the composite of the invention.
  • step c said composite is left to semi-harden in said mould for a predetermined period of time and in step d recess is provided into said semi-hardened composite.
  • step e said composite is left harden further and in step f, said hardened block of plant growth substrate is separated from the mould.
  • Said hardened plant growth substrate body is now ready for further use, for example for sending them to the resellers or directly to the customers.
  • Example 1 The user inserts their seed, seedling or root into the recess in said substrate body. Next said body can be planted into the soil.
  • Example 1 The user inserts their seed, seedling or root into the recess in said substrate body. Next said body can be planted into the soil.
  • Said example relates to a composition specially suitable to be used for building grass (green) roofs for buildings.
  • the roof surface is equipped with reinforcing structure (metal, plastic or fibre net mounted on the base) and waterproof coating and covered with 0.05 – 0.5 m layer of the following material, the composite of the invention:
  • Example 5 The material similar to be used in example 3 but using the soil from the building site instead of peat can be used for covering ground surface with inclination 30° and more (ditches, trenches, highway edges etc) to prevent the erosion of the surface.
  • the seeds of binding plants are deposited to the surface using the hydraulical sowing.
  • the roots of plants will stabilize the unconstraint soil.
  • the similar solution can be used for covering the depleted mines and other damaged areas with stabilizing plant layer.
  • the following composite embodiment is particularly suitable for pre-growing seedlings in cups or pots.
  • composite of the invention for a plant growth substate is not limited to the above examples - the composite of the invention can be further used for building so-called green roofs and increasing landscaping in areas affected by human activity, for example, in cities.
  • the composite of the invention can be used as a complete technology: pouring the material onto a truss, growing plants, composting the material later or using it as a soil improver.
  • the composition of the composite can be changed according to the intended use. When building landscaping on roofs, for example, clay minerals may be added to the mixture to improve its water holding capacity.
  • the composite of the invention can be used for stabilization and soil improvement of erosion-prone areas with a slope of more than 3 degrees.
  • the composite can be used as an application of integrated technology: pouring the material onto the base frame, similar to the method of hydraulic sowing, plants start to grow and anchor the surface and stop the surface erosion.
  • the composite of the invention can be used for finishing of road ditches during road works and river banks.
  • the composite can be used as a complete technology: pouring the material onto the base truss (truss material selected for suitably wetter soil), growing suitable plant species and stabilizing the soil.
  • the composite of the invention can be used for recultivation and re-landscaping of affected areas.
  • the composite is suitable for use as part of an integrated technology where the material and seeds are poured onto a damaged area. The seeds germinate inside the undamaged material when the plants have reached a sufficiently strong growth, the plant roots penetrate the already damaged soil. Such cultivation technology makes it possible to gain an advantage in creating a better environment for the germination of plants.
  • the composite of the invention can be used for reclamation of former mining areas.
  • the work could be carried out in stages: First covering the area with a composite (forming substrate) to which either plant seeds or rootstocks have been added, and thereafter adjusting the water regime (for example in peatlands). But first the area should be evenly covered with composite, the composite material forms a "roof" on the soil / soil - erosion, mineralization is prevented, the plants start to grow and then the water regime is regulated.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des compositions comprenant un composite de béton pourvu d'une charge organique, où l'impact indésirable d'ions Ca2+ est éliminé à l'aide de la liaison de leurs valences libres aux molécules d'acide humique; un film d'humate extrêmement mince formé sur toutes les surfaces des cristaux de ciment présente une capacité extrêmement élevée de lier des nutriments des plantes et de l'eau. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de fabrication du substrat décrit pour la croissance de plantes et un procédé de culture de plantes en pot dans ledit substrat en tant que substrat primaire pour la croissance; ainsi que des procédés de production de ce type de substrats.
PCT/EP2021/061508 2021-05-03 2021-05-03 Composite pour un substrat de croissance de plante et procédés d'utilisation dudit substrat Ceased WO2022233382A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2021/061508 WO2022233382A1 (fr) 2021-05-03 2021-05-03 Composite pour un substrat de croissance de plante et procédés d'utilisation dudit substrat

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2021/061508 WO2022233382A1 (fr) 2021-05-03 2021-05-03 Composite pour un substrat de croissance de plante et procédés d'utilisation dudit substrat

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WO2022233382A1 true WO2022233382A1 (fr) 2022-11-10

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Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1178570C (zh) 2002-04-03 2004-12-08 同济大学 一种具有植物营养作用的复合材料
CN102369834A (zh) 2011-03-03 2012-03-14 袁彬鸿 Bsc大骨料生物基质植生混凝土及其制备、施工方法
JP5175665B2 (ja) 2008-09-08 2013-04-03 弥 飯村 緑化工法及びコンクリート構造物
US20160205880A1 (en) 2013-08-19 2016-07-21 Mebiol Inc. Plant cultivation system and a method for plant cultivation
US20160219810A1 (en) 2013-09-26 2016-08-04 Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy Growing medium structures based on sphagnum moss and method for the manufacture thereof
US20160316640A1 (en) 2015-04-30 2016-11-03 Oü Click & Grow Method for producing plant growing substrate and plant growing substrate
CN108373380A (zh) * 2018-04-04 2018-08-07 苏斌 一种盆栽蔬菜块状有机种植基质及其压缩方法
CN108782144A (zh) * 2018-06-27 2018-11-13 来安县出尘茶业有限公司 一种花卉营养土及其制备方法
AU2020104391A4 (en) * 2020-12-30 2021-03-18 Lanzhou University Of Technology Resisting Drought and Promoting Root Ecological Raising Module and Manufacturing Method

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1178570C (zh) 2002-04-03 2004-12-08 同济大学 一种具有植物营养作用的复合材料
JP5175665B2 (ja) 2008-09-08 2013-04-03 弥 飯村 緑化工法及びコンクリート構造物
CN102369834A (zh) 2011-03-03 2012-03-14 袁彬鸿 Bsc大骨料生物基质植生混凝土及其制备、施工方法
US20160205880A1 (en) 2013-08-19 2016-07-21 Mebiol Inc. Plant cultivation system and a method for plant cultivation
US20160219810A1 (en) 2013-09-26 2016-08-04 Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy Growing medium structures based on sphagnum moss and method for the manufacture thereof
US20160316640A1 (en) 2015-04-30 2016-11-03 Oü Click & Grow Method for producing plant growing substrate and plant growing substrate
CN108373380A (zh) * 2018-04-04 2018-08-07 苏斌 一种盆栽蔬菜块状有机种植基质及其压缩方法
CN108782144A (zh) * 2018-06-27 2018-11-13 来安县出尘茶业有限公司 一种花卉营养土及其制备方法
AU2020104391A4 (en) * 2020-12-30 2021-03-18 Lanzhou University Of Technology Resisting Drought and Promoting Root Ecological Raising Module and Manufacturing Method

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Week 201867, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2018-66112W, XP002805395 *
DATABASE WPI Week 201908, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2018-93379W, XP002805396 *

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