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WO2022226610A1 - System for cooling marine vessels by means of the hull - Google Patents

System for cooling marine vessels by means of the hull Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022226610A1
WO2022226610A1 PCT/BR2022/050126 BR2022050126W WO2022226610A1 WO 2022226610 A1 WO2022226610 A1 WO 2022226610A1 BR 2022050126 W BR2022050126 W BR 2022050126W WO 2022226610 A1 WO2022226610 A1 WO 2022226610A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hull
vessel
heat exchanger
cooling
cooling system
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/BR2022/050126
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French (fr)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Fernando COSTA FILHO
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2022226610A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022226610A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63JAUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2/12Heating; Cooling

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a vessel cooling system in which the cooling fluid, which circulates in a closed circuit cooling the vessel's equipment and systems, is cooled through a heat exchanger built next to the vessel's hull, allowing a direct contact of this coolant with the hull and thus dissipating its thermal energy to the seawater.
  • the vessels that have requested a more robust cooling system, of greater capacity are those whose projects foresee the installation of process plants, whether for oil and gas production, production of liquefied natural gas (LNG), generation energy, among others.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • a vessel for oil and gas production type FPSO (Floating, Production, Store and Offloading), will be used to demonstrate this invention because it is a vessel with greater need for cooling, but, as stated in paragraph [002] ], this invention can be applied to vessels, both those with direct cooling of equipment and systems with seawater and those that use a closed cooling circuit with industrial fluid and subsequent cooling of this fluid with seawater through heat exchangers. heat, as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • FPSO Floating, Production, Store and Offloading
  • FPSOs have a process plant on their deck with several systems 14 that require cooling of their equipment and fluids.
  • the main systems that demand this cooling are: 1.) Electric power generation system; 2.) Main Gas Compression System; 3.) Gas Export System; 4.) Gas Injection System; 5.) CO2 injection system; 6.) Water Injection System and 7.) Other Utilities Systems.
  • a cooling system that is composed of a closed circuit 41 (cold part) and 42 (hot part) of fresh water with heat exchangers 14 that is cooled by a another open circuit of seawater 11 , called a seawater harvesting system.
  • a closed circuit 41 cold part
  • 42 hot part
  • seawater harvesting system another open circuit of seawater 11
  • the open circuit of capture of sea water 11 pumps the sea water 40 to cool the closed circuit.
  • 42 of fresh water through heat exchangers 16 and returns the water to the sea with a temperature higher than that at which it was captured, thus removing heat from the equipment 14 and, consequently, cooling it.
  • This seawater capture system 11 which uses the pumping of seawater to cool the closed circuit 42 of fresh water, is composed of large motor pumps 10, pipes, valves and filters of large diameters to capture the 40 sea water, 16 heat exchangers and hypochlorite generators. All these equipments are manufactured with coatings or with special materials to resist their long-term operation with sea water and with the chlorination system. Due to their dimensioning, to accommodate large flows, they occupy a considerable area of the vessel. The operation of this system 11, in addition to demanding considerable man-hours for its operation and maintenance, has an energy consumption of around 5% of the demand of an FPSO.
  • This invention proposes a cooling system that uses the hull 30 of the vessels to dissipate the heat generated in the operating process of the vessel.
  • vessel in this case an FPSO
  • Cooling the closed circuit 42 of fresh water through this heat exchanger 20 next to the hull reduces the investment for construction (CAPEX) of the vessel, as it does not require the installation of the seawater capture system 11 for cooling, with considerable reduction in the cost of acquiring equipment, such as: pumps for capturing sea water 10; heat exchangers 16; pipes, valves and filters made of special materials and large diameters; hypochlorite generators, and their onboard installations requiring area, structural reinforcement, among others.
  • the cost of this invention will basically be the cost of building a heat exchanger 20 inside the hull 30, budgeted in ton of shipbuilding, estimated at 70% of the cost of the traditional cooling system capturing seawater 11.
  • Another important point with the application of this invention is a considerable improvement of the environmental indicators of the vessel due to the reduction of GHG (Greenhouse Gases) emission (approx. 45.6 t/day C02) and the disposal of biocide in the oceans (approx. 0.5 t/day chlorine) by generating sodium hypochlorite.
  • GHG Greenhouse Gases
  • biocide in the oceans approximately 0.5 t/day chlorine
  • an objective of the present invention is the installation of a heat exchanger 20 internally next to the hull of the vessel to avoid the need to install and operate a seawater capture system 11 for cooling of the vessel's equipment 14, bringing relevant operational, environmental and economic benefits such as those mentioned above.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic layout of the main equipment that currently make up the traditional cooling system of an FPSO.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic drawing of the circuits of the traditional cooling systems of an FPSO today.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic layout of the main equipment of the cooling systems of an FPSO proposed by this invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic drawing of the cooling system circuit of an FPSO proposed by this invention.
  • Figure 5 is a drawing with side, top and cross-sectional views of the heat exchanger 20 proposed in this invention next to the hull of a FPSO with double hull and single bottom 32.
  • Figure 6 is a drawing with side, top and cross-sectional views of the heat exchanger 20 proposed in this invention next to the hull of a double-sided, double-bottomed FPSO 34.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic drawing for calculating the heat exchange volume and area of a heat exchanger proposed in this invention for double-hull ships 34 and double-hull, single-bottom ships 32.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic and illustrative drawing of the installation of the main equipment of the cooling circuit of an FPSO with the heat exchanger 20 proposed in this invention.
  • Figure 9 is an illustrative cross-sectional drawing of the hull structure 32 with some possible configurations of the heat exchanger 20 proposed in this invention.
  • Figure 10 is an illustrative longitudinal sectional drawing of heat exchanger 20 showing one of the possible designs of baffles directing the flow of cooling fluid.
  • the cooling system is composed of a closed circuit 41 and 42 with industrial fluid (fresh water based), by cooling water circulation motor pumps 12, heat exchangers of heat 14 of the vessel's equipment/systems to be cooled, by a gas-liquid separation vessel 22 (for circuits where there are exchangers 14 in gas-hazardous areas) and, mainly, proposed in this invention, by a heat exchanger 20 built together to the hull of the vessel, for the purpose of dissipating all heat absorbed by the cooling fluid 42 through the hull 30 of the vessel to the seawater 40.
  • industrial fluid fresh water based
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic detailing the operation of the system of the present invention.
  • the cooling fluid circulating through the closed circuit is pumped 12 with a temperature T1 , through pipes 41 , which after passing through the heat exchangers 14, cooling the vessel's equipment/systems, reaches a temperature T2 greater than T1.
  • the fluid passes through the gas/water separation vessel 22 (when necessary) and enters with a temperature T2 in the heat exchanger 20 next to the hull 30 of the vessel, where it cools by dissipating heat through the hull 30 to sea water 40, leaving with temperature T1 and, thus, the motor pumps 12 return, closing the cooling circuit.
  • the system proposed here differs from this one by using the heat exchanger 20 next to the hull 30 instead of using a seawater capture system 11 with heat exchangers 16 .
  • the heat exchangers 20 have their design dependent on the type of construction of the hull 30 of the vessel. As can be seen in Figures 5 and 6, vessels with double side and single bottom 32, Figure 5, provide less area for construction of the heat exchanger 20 than vessels with sides and double bottom 34, Figure 6.
  • the design and construction of the heat exchanger 20 next to the hull 30 of the vessel must accommodate and adjust to the structure of the vessel's hull, through steel plates welded parallel to the hull 30, forming a watertight vessel 20 through which the coolant will come into direct contact with the hull 30 of the vessel to dissipate heat to the seawater.
  • the heat exchangers 20 can be composed of: 1.) several tubes 36 with profiles, circular or not, welded to the hull 30; 2.) various tubes or profiles 37 of triangular, square or rectangular section welded to the hull 30; 3.) welding plates 38 parallel to the hull 30 forming one or more watertight vessels through which the cooling fluid will circulate (this form of construction will be used as a model for the dimensioned in this invention).
  • Various techniques and devices can be used in the design of the heat exchanger 20 to increase its capacity in order to adjust to the vessel's demand, without being limited to these, one can: 1 .) install dissipative fins both on the part inside the heat exchanger 20 and outside the hull 30; 2.) increase the heat exchange area by changing the profile of the hull plate 30 (sinusoidal, semicircular, square, among others); 3.) specify the paints applied externally to the hull with greater thermal conductance, 4.) design baffles internal to the heat exchanger 20 to direct the fluid in a way that maximizes the thermal exchange, as shown in Figure 10.
  • the heat exchanger 20 proposed in this invention must be technically treated as a process vessel and, therefore, its design and operation must be subject to the applicable standards (NR-13).
  • an FPSO for oil and gas production is adopted as an example of application, with a production capacity of 150,000 barrels per day of oil, 6 million m3/day of gas, 24,000 m3 of water injection per day and with an oil storage capacity of 2 million barrels, whose need for thermal cooling of its systems and equipment is 120 MW.
  • Figure 7 illustratively shows the dimensions and measurements that will be used, simulating an FPSO with the above characteristics [0026], to dimension the heat exchanger 20 proposed in this invention and calculate its heat exchange capacity.
  • Figure 7 also shows the cross-sections of two types of hulls 30, one with double side and single bottom 32 and the other with double side and bottom 34.
  • VTC P.L. (Dv + D h ) m 3 (2)
  • the cost of construction of the heat exchanger 20, proposed in this invention can be calculated considering that its construction is part of the construction of the vessel's hull and must be quoted together with the vessel's hull 30 .
  • the cost of construction of the heat exchanger 20 can be calculated considering that its construction is part of the construction of the vessel's hull and must be quoted together with the vessel's hull 30 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system for cooling marine vessels wherein the coolant, which flows in a closed circuit cooling the equipment and systems on the marine vessel, is cooled by means of a heat exchanger 20 constructed on the hull 30 of the marine vessel, enabling said coolant to come into direct contact with the hull, thus dissipating heat to the seawater.

Description

SISTEMA DE RESFRIAMENTO DE EMBARCAÇÕES ATRAVÉS DO CASCO VESSEL COOLING SYSTEM THROUGH THE HULL

Campo da invenção field of invention

[001] A presente invenção se refere a um sistema de resfriamento de embarcações no qual o fluido de arrefecimento, que circula em circuito fechado resfriando os equipamentos e sistemas da embarcação, seja resfriado através de um trocador de calor construído junto ao casco da embarcação, permitindo um contato direto deste fluido de arrefecimento com casco e assim dissipando a sua energia térmica para a água do mar. [001] The present invention refers to a vessel cooling system in which the cooling fluid, which circulates in a closed circuit cooling the vessel's equipment and systems, is cooled through a heat exchanger built next to the vessel's hull, allowing a direct contact of this coolant with the hull and thus dissipating its thermal energy to the seawater.

Fundamentos da invenção Fundamentals of the invention

[002] Todas as embarcações tanto as estacionarias, tipo plataformas de produção de óleo e gás, entre outras, quanto as de cruzeiros, tipo navios mercantes, entre outros, necessitam de um sistema para resfriamento dos seus equipamentos, ou seja, dos seus motores propulsores, bombas, compressores e vários outros sistemas a bordo. [002] All vessels, both stationary, such as oil and gas production platforms, among others, and cruise ships, such as merchant ships, among others, need a system for cooling their equipment, that is, their engines thrusters, pumps, compressors and various other onboard systems.

[003] As embarcações que têm solicitado um sistema de resfriamento mais robusto, de maior capacidade, são aquelas cujos projetos preveem a instalação de plantas de processo, quer seja para produção de óleo e gás, produção de gás natural liquefeito (GNL), geração de energia, entre outras. [003] The vessels that have requested a more robust cooling system, of greater capacity, are those whose projects foresee the installation of process plants, whether for oil and gas production, production of liquefied natural gas (LNG), generation energy, among others.

[004] Será utilizado uma embarcação para produção de óleo e gás, tipo FPSO (Floating, Production, Store and Offloading), para demonstrar esta invenção por se tratar de uma embarcação com maior necessidade de resfriamento, mas, como dito no parágrafo [002], essa invenção pode ser aplicada em embarcações, tanto aquelas com resfriamento dos equipamentos e sistemas direto com a água do mar quanto àquelas que usam um circuito fechado de resfriamento com fluido industrial e posterior resfriamento deste fluido com a água do mar através de trocadores de calor, conforme Figuras 1 e 2. [004] A vessel for oil and gas production, type FPSO (Floating, Production, Store and Offloading), will be used to demonstrate this invention because it is a vessel with greater need for cooling, but, as stated in paragraph [002] ], this invention can be applied to vessels, both those with direct cooling of equipment and systems with seawater and those that use a closed cooling circuit with industrial fluid and subsequent cooling of this fluid with seawater through heat exchangers. heat, as shown in Figures 1 and 2.

[005] O aumento das descobertas de petróleo na plataforma continental, tem demandado um número maior de unidades flutuantes de produção com capacidade cada vez maior. Com o avanço da produção de petróleo para águas mais profundas, as unidades de produção do tipo FPSO tem atendido plenamente essa aplicação. [005] The increase in oil discoveries on the continental shelf has demanded a greater number of floating production units with capacity each bigger and bigger. With the advancement of oil production to deeper waters, FPSO-type production units have fully met this application.

[006] Para desempenhar este papel, os FPSOs comportam em seu deck uma planta de processo com vários sistemas 14 que demandam resfriamento dos seus equipamentos e fluidos. Os principais sistemas que demandam este resfriamento são: 1.) Sistema de geração de energia elétrica; 2.) Sistema Principal de Compressão de Gás; 3.) Sistema de Exportação de Gás; 4.) Sistema de Injeção de Gás; 5.) Sistema de injeção de CO2; 6.) Sistema de Injeção de Água e 7.) Demais Sistemas de Utilidades. [006] To play this role, FPSOs have a process plant on their deck with several systems 14 that require cooling of their equipment and fluids. The main systems that demand this cooling are: 1.) Electric power generation system; 2.) Main Gas Compression System; 3.) Gas Export System; 4.) Gas Injection System; 5.) CO2 injection system; 6.) Water Injection System and 7.) Other Utilities Systems.

[007] Atualmente, para resfriar os sistemas acima mencionados, utiliza-se um sistema de resfriamento que é composto de um circuito fechado 41 (parte fria) e 42 (parte quente) de água doce com permutadores de calor 14 que é resfriado por um outro circuito aberto de água do mar 11 , chamado de sistema de captação de água do mar. Conforme pode ser visto nas Figuras 1 e 2, enquanto o circuito fechado de água doce circula este fluido resfriando os equipamentos 14 a bordo do FPSO, o circuito aberto de captação de água do mar 11 bombeia a água do mar 40 para resfriar o circuito fechado 42 de água doce através de permutadores de calor 16 e retorna a água para o mar com uma temperatura maior do que a que foi captada, removendo, assim, o calor dos equipamentos 14 e, consequentemente, resfriando-os. [007] Currently, to cool the aforementioned systems, a cooling system is used that is composed of a closed circuit 41 (cold part) and 42 (hot part) of fresh water with heat exchangers 14 that is cooled by a another open circuit of seawater 11 , called a seawater harvesting system. As can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, while the closed circuit of fresh water circulates this fluid cooling the equipment 14 on board the FPSO, the open circuit of capture of sea water 11 pumps the sea water 40 to cool the closed circuit. 42 of fresh water through heat exchangers 16 and returns the water to the sea with a temperature higher than that at which it was captured, thus removing heat from the equipment 14 and, consequently, cooling it.

[008] Este sistema de captação de água do mar 11 , que utiliza o bombeamento de água do mar para resfriar o circuito fechado 42 de água doce, é composto por grandes motobombas 10, tubulações, válvulas e filtros de grandes diâmetros para a captação da água do mar 40, trocadores de calor 16 e geradores de hipoclorito. Todos esses equipamentos são fabricados com revestimentos ou com materiais especiais para resistir o seu funcionamento por longo período com a água do mar e com o sistema de cloração. Devido ao seu dimensionamento, para comportar grandes vazões, ocupam uma área considerável da embarcação. O funcionamento deste sistema 11 além de demandar considerável homem-hora para a sua operação e manutenção, tem um consumo de energia em torno de 5% da demanda de um FPSO. [008] This seawater capture system 11 , which uses the pumping of seawater to cool the closed circuit 42 of fresh water, is composed of large motor pumps 10, pipes, valves and filters of large diameters to capture the 40 sea water, 16 heat exchangers and hypochlorite generators. All these equipments are manufactured with coatings or with special materials to resist their long-term operation with sea water and with the chlorination system. Due to their dimensioning, to accommodate large flows, they occupy a considerable area of the vessel. The operation of this system 11, in addition to demanding considerable man-hours for its operation and maintenance, has an energy consumption of around 5% of the demand of an FPSO.

[009] Esta invenção propõe um sistema de resfriamento que utiliza o próprio casco 30 das embarcações para dissipar o calor gerado no processo de funcionamento da embarcação (neste caso um FPSO), simplificando o seu sistema de resfriamento e evitando assim a necessidade de instalação do sistema de captação 11 destinado para resfriar o fluido 42 do circuito fechado de resfriamento. [009] This invention proposes a cooling system that uses the hull 30 of the vessels to dissipate the heat generated in the operating process of the vessel. vessel (in this case an FPSO), simplifying its cooling system and thus avoiding the need to install the capture system 11 intended to cool the fluid 42 of the closed cooling circuit.

[0010] Esta proposição para o resfriamento do circuito fechado de água doce faz com que esta água 42 se resfrie através da sua circulação por um trocador de calor 20 construído junto à parte interna do casco 30 da embarcação, fazendo com que o calor dessa água 42 seja transmitido pelo casco 30 e dissipado na água do mar 40. [0010] This proposal for the cooling of the closed circuit of fresh water causes this water 42 to cool itself through its circulation through a heat exchanger 20 built next to the inner part of the hull 30 of the vessel, causing the heat of this water 42 is transmitted through hull 30 and dissipated into seawater 40.

[0011 ] Resfriando o circuito fechado 42 de água doce através deste trocador de calor 20 junto ao casco, reduz-se o investimento para construção (CAPEX) da embarcação, pois dispensa a instalação do sistema de captação de água do mar 11 para resfriamento, com redução considerável no custo para aquisição de equipamentos, tais como: bombas de captação de água do mar 10; trocadores de calor 16; tubulações, válvulas e filtros de materiais especiais e de grande diâmetros; geradores de hipoclorito, e suas instalações a bordo demandando área, reforço estrutural, entre outros. O custo desta invenção será, basicamente, o custo de construção de um trocador de calor 20 junto a parte interna do casco 30, orçado em tonelada de construção naval, estimado em 70 % do custo do sistema tradicional de resfriamento captando água do mar 11. [0011 ] Cooling the closed circuit 42 of fresh water through this heat exchanger 20 next to the hull, reduces the investment for construction (CAPEX) of the vessel, as it does not require the installation of the seawater capture system 11 for cooling, with considerable reduction in the cost of acquiring equipment, such as: pumps for capturing sea water 10; heat exchangers 16; pipes, valves and filters made of special materials and large diameters; hypochlorite generators, and their onboard installations requiring area, structural reinforcement, among others. The cost of this invention will basically be the cost of building a heat exchanger 20 inside the hull 30, budgeted in ton of shipbuilding, estimated at 70% of the cost of the traditional cooling system capturing seawater 11.

[0012] Com esta invenção, elimina-se, também, os custos de operação e manutenção de todos os equipamentos do sistema tradicional de captação de água do mar 11 relatados acima, além de uma melhora do indicador de eficiência energética (IEE) devido à redução o consumo de energia elétrica em torno de 4% e, consequentemente, uma redução na queima de gás combustível (aprox. 25.000 m3/dia) para a geração de energia, reduzindo assim, o custo operacional da embarcação (OPEX). [0012] With this invention, the operation and maintenance costs of all equipment of the traditional seawater capture system 11 reported above are also eliminated, in addition to an improvement in the energy efficiency indicator (IEE) due to the reduction in electricity consumption by around 4% and, consequently, a reduction in the burning of fuel gas (approx. 25,000 m3/day) for energy generation, thus reducing the vessel's operating cost (OPEX).

[0013] Outro ponto importante com a aplicação desta invenção é uma melhora considerável dos indicadores ambientais da embarcação devido a redução da emissão de GEE (Gases Efeito Estufa) (aprox. 45,6 t/dia C02) e do despejo de biocida nos oceanos (aprox. 0,5 t/dia cloro) através da geração de hipoclorito de sódio. [0013] Another important point with the application of this invention is a considerable improvement of the environmental indicators of the vessel due to the reduction of GHG (Greenhouse Gases) emission (approx. 45.6 t/day C02) and the disposal of biocide in the oceans (approx. 0.5 t/day chlorine) by generating sodium hypochlorite.

[0014] Assim, um objetivo da presente invenção é a instalação de um trocador de calor 20 internamente junto ao casco da embarcação para que evite a necessidade de instalação e operação de um sistema de captação de água do mar 11 para resfriamento dos equipamentos 14 da embarcação, trazendo relevantes benefícios operacionais, ambientais e económicos como os acima mencionados. [0014] Thus, an objective of the present invention is the installation of a heat exchanger 20 internally next to the hull of the vessel to avoid the need to install and operate a seawater capture system 11 for cooling of the vessel's equipment 14, bringing relevant operational, environmental and economic benefits such as those mentioned above.

Breve descrição dos desenhos Brief description of drawings

[0015] Outras características, vantagens e particularidades da presente invenção vão resultar da descrição que desta se vai fazer em seguida com referência aos desenhos anexos que representam, esquemática e simplesmente, como exemplo preferencial, uma forma de realização possível da invenção, sem, entretanto, limitá-la, em que: [0015] Other characteristics, advantages and particularities of the present invention will result from the description that will be given below with reference to the attached drawings which schematically and simply represent, as a preferred example, a possible embodiment of the invention, without, however, , limit it, where:

A Figura 1 é um leiaute esquemático dos principais equipamentos que compõem atualmente o tradicional sistema de resfriamento de um FPSO. Figure 1 is a schematic layout of the main equipment that currently make up the traditional cooling system of an FPSO.

A Figura 2 é um desenho esquemático dos circuitos dos sistemas de resfriamento tradicional de um FPSO atualmente. Figure 2 is a schematic drawing of the circuits of the traditional cooling systems of an FPSO today.

A Figura 3 é um leiaute esquemático dos principais equipamentos dos sistemas de resfriamento de um FPSO proposto por esta invenção. Figure 3 is a schematic layout of the main equipment of the cooling systems of an FPSO proposed by this invention.

A Figura 4 é um desenho esquemático do circuito do sistema de resfriamento de um FPSO proposto por essa invenção. Figure 4 is a schematic drawing of the cooling system circuit of an FPSO proposed by this invention.

A Figura 5 é um desenho com as vistas lateral, de topo e corte transversal do trocador de calor 20 proposto nesta invenção junto ao casco de um FPSO com duplo costado e fundo simples 32. Figure 5 is a drawing with side, top and cross-sectional views of the heat exchanger 20 proposed in this invention next to the hull of a FPSO with double hull and single bottom 32.

A Figura 6 é um desenho com as vistas lateral, de topo e corte transversal do trocador de calor 20 proposto nesta invenção junto ao casco de um FPSO com duplo costado e duplo fundo 34. Figure 6 is a drawing with side, top and cross-sectional views of the heat exchanger 20 proposed in this invention next to the hull of a double-sided, double-bottomed FPSO 34.

A Figura 7 é um desenho esquemático para cálculo do volume e área de troca de calor de um trocador de calor proposto nesta invenção para navios com casco duplo 34 e navios com duplo costado e fundo simples 32. Figure 7 is a schematic drawing for calculating the heat exchange volume and area of a heat exchanger proposed in this invention for double-hull ships 34 and double-hull, single-bottom ships 32.

A Figura 8 é um desenho esquemático e ilustrativo da instalação dos principais equipamentos do circuito de resfriamento de um FPSO com o trocador de calor 20 proposto nesta invenção. A Figura 9 é um desenho ilustrativo de corte transversal da estrutura do casco 32 com algumas possíveis configurações do trocador de calor 20 proposto nesta invenção. Figure 8 is a schematic and illustrative drawing of the installation of the main equipment of the cooling circuit of an FPSO with the heat exchanger 20 proposed in this invention. Figure 9 is an illustrative cross-sectional drawing of the hull structure 32 with some possible configurations of the heat exchanger 20 proposed in this invention.

A Figura 10 é um desenho ilustrativo de corte longitudinal do trocador de calor 20 mostrando um dos possíveis projetos de chicanas direcionadoras do fluxo do fluido de resfriamento Figure 10 is an illustrative longitudinal sectional drawing of heat exchanger 20 showing one of the possible designs of baffles directing the flow of cooling fluid.

Descrição da invenção Description of the invention

[0016] Conforme se pode depreender a partir das Figuras 3 e 4, o sistema de resfriamento é composto por um circuito fechado 41 e 42 com fluido industrial (a base de água doce), por motobombas de circulação de água de resfriamento 12, permutadores de calor 14 dos equipamentos/sistemas da embarcação a serem arrefecidos, por um vaso 22 separação gás-liquido (para circuitos onde houver permutadores 14 em áreas classificadas por gás) e, principalmente, proposto nessa invenção, por um trocador de calor 20 construído junto ao casco da embarcação, com a finalidade de dissipar todo calor absorvido pelo fluido de resfriamento 42 através do casco 30 da embarcação para a água do mar 40. [0016] As can be seen from Figures 3 and 4, the cooling system is composed of a closed circuit 41 and 42 with industrial fluid (fresh water based), by cooling water circulation motor pumps 12, heat exchangers of heat 14 of the vessel's equipment/systems to be cooled, by a gas-liquid separation vessel 22 (for circuits where there are exchangers 14 in gas-hazardous areas) and, mainly, proposed in this invention, by a heat exchanger 20 built together to the hull of the vessel, for the purpose of dissipating all heat absorbed by the cooling fluid 42 through the hull 30 of the vessel to the seawater 40.

[0017] A Figura 3 mostra um esquema detalhando o funcionamento do sistema da presente invenção. O fluido de resfriamento que circula pelo circuito fechado é bombeado 12 com uma temperatura T1 , através de tubulações 41 , que após passar pelos permutadores de calor 14, resfriando os equipamentos/sistemas da embarcação, atinge uma temperatura T2 maior que T1. Em seguida, através de tubulações 42, o fluido passa pelo vaso 22 de separação de gás/água (quando houver necessidade) e entra com uma temperatura T2 no trocador de calor 20 junto ao casco 30 da embarcação, onde se resfria dissipando calor através do casco 30 para a água do mar 40, saindo com a temperatura T1 e, assim, de volta as motobombas 12 fechando o circuito de resfriamento. Conforme pode ser visto, comparado com o sistema tradicional de resfriamento da Figura 1 , o sistema aqui proposto difere deste pelo uso do trocador de calor 20 junto ao casco 30 ao invés de utilizar um sistema de captação de água do mar 11 com trocadores calor 16. [0017] Figure 3 shows a schematic detailing the operation of the system of the present invention. The cooling fluid circulating through the closed circuit is pumped 12 with a temperature T1 , through pipes 41 , which after passing through the heat exchangers 14, cooling the vessel's equipment/systems, reaches a temperature T2 greater than T1. Then, through pipes 42, the fluid passes through the gas/water separation vessel 22 (when necessary) and enters with a temperature T2 in the heat exchanger 20 next to the hull 30 of the vessel, where it cools by dissipating heat through the hull 30 to sea water 40, leaving with temperature T1 and, thus, the motor pumps 12 return, closing the cooling circuit. As can be seen, compared with the traditional cooling system in Figure 1, the system proposed here differs from this one by using the heat exchanger 20 next to the hull 30 instead of using a seawater capture system 11 with heat exchangers 16 .

[0018] A instalação de um vaso 22 separador de gás/água a montante do trocador de calor 20 é recomendável para evitar que qualquer vazamento de gás oriundo dos permutadores 14, que trabalham em áreas classificadas, passem para o trocador de calor 20 junto ao casco. [0018] The installation of a gas/water separator vessel 22 upstream of the heat exchanger 20 is recommended to prevent any gas leakage from the exchangers 14, which work in hazardous areas, pass to heat exchanger 20 next to the hull.

[0019] De forma que otimizasse a pressão dentro do trocador de calor 20, recomenda-se instalar as motobombas 12 de circulação de água de resfriamento na linha base do trocador de calor 20, conforme Figura 8, e não no deck da embarcação como são instaladas as motobombas 12 atualmente, conforme Figura 1. [0019] In order to optimize the pressure inside the heat exchanger 20, it is recommended to install the cooling water circulation motor pumps 12 on the base line of the heat exchanger 20, as shown in Figure 8, and not on the deck of the vessel as they are pumps 12 are currently installed, as shown in Figure 1.

[0020] Além da necessidade de dissipação térmica (MW), os trocadores de calor 20 têm o seu projeto dependente do tipo de construção do casco 30 da embarcação. Conforme pode ser comparado nas Figuras 5 e 6, as embarcações com duplo costado e fundo simples 32, Figura 5, disponibilizam menos área para construção do trocador de calor 20 do que as embarcações de costado e fundo duplo 34, Figura 6. [0020] In addition to the need for thermal dissipation (MW), the heat exchangers 20 have their design dependent on the type of construction of the hull 30 of the vessel. As can be seen in Figures 5 and 6, vessels with double side and single bottom 32, Figure 5, provide less area for construction of the heat exchanger 20 than vessels with sides and double bottom 34, Figure 6.

[0021 ] O projeto e a construção do trocador de calor 20 junto ao casco 30 da embarcação deverá se acomodar e se ajustar a estrutura do casco da embarcação, através de chapas de aço soldadas paralelas ao casco 30, formando um vaso estanque 20 por onde o fluido de resfriamento entrará em contato direto com o casco 30 da embarcação para dissipar calor para a água do mar. [0021] The design and construction of the heat exchanger 20 next to the hull 30 of the vessel must accommodate and adjust to the structure of the vessel's hull, through steel plates welded parallel to the hull 30, forming a watertight vessel 20 through which the coolant will come into direct contact with the hull 30 of the vessel to dissipate heat to the seawater.

[0022] Outros aspectos operacionais também afetam o dimensionamento e o projeto do trocador de calor 20, isto é, dependendo: 1 .) da necessidade de troca térmica (MW) dos sistemas resfriados 14; 2.) das características (pressão e temperatura) e classificação dos fluidos resfriados (se classificam a área ou não); 3.) das rotinas de manutenção e operação dos sistemas resfriados 14. Devido a esses aspectos pode-se propor dividir ou compartimentar o trocador de calor 20 em vários trocadores menores trabalhando em paralelo. [0022] Other operational aspects also affect the dimensioning and design of the heat exchanger 20, that is, depending on: 1 .) the need for heat exchange (MW) of the cooled systems 14; 2.) characteristics (pressure and temperature) and classification of cooled fluids (whether they classify the area or not); 3.) of the maintenance and operation routines of the cooled systems 14. Due to these aspects it can be proposed to divide or compartmentalize the heat exchanger 20 in several smaller exchangers working in parallel.

[0023] Pode-se ainda construir os trocadores de calor 20 de diversas formas diferentes, mas sem se limitar a estas, conforme pode ser visto na Figura 9. Assim, os trocadores de calor 20 podem ser compostos de: 1.) vários tubos 36 com perfis, circulares ou não, soldados junto ao casco 30; 2.) vários tubos ou perfis 37 de seção triangular, quadrada ou retangular soldados ao casco 30; 3.) soldando chapas 38 paralela ao casco 30 formando um ou mais vasos estanques por onde circulará o fluido de resfriamento (esta forma de construção será utilizada como modelo para o dimensionado nesta invenção). [0024] Várias técnicas e dispositivos podem ser usados no projeto do trocador de calor 20 para aumentar a sua capacidade a fim de ajustar à demanda da embarcação, sem se limitar a estas, pode-se: 1 .) instalar aletas dissipadoras tanto na parte interna do trocador de calor 20 quanto na parte externa do casco 30; 2.) aumentar a área de troca térmica através da mudança do perfil da chapa do casco 30 (senoidal, semicircular, quadrada, entre outras); 3.) especificar as tintas aplicadas externamente no casco com maior condutância térmica, 4.) projetar chicanas internas ao trocador de calor 20 para direcionar o fluido de forma a maximizar a troca térmica, conforme Figura 10. [0023] It is also possible to build the heat exchangers 20 in several different ways, but without being limited to these, as can be seen in Figure 9. Thus, the heat exchangers 20 can be composed of: 1.) several tubes 36 with profiles, circular or not, welded to the hull 30; 2.) various tubes or profiles 37 of triangular, square or rectangular section welded to the hull 30; 3.) welding plates 38 parallel to the hull 30 forming one or more watertight vessels through which the cooling fluid will circulate (this form of construction will be used as a model for the dimensioned in this invention). [0024] Various techniques and devices can be used in the design of the heat exchanger 20 to increase its capacity in order to adjust to the vessel's demand, without being limited to these, one can: 1 .) install dissipative fins both on the part inside the heat exchanger 20 and outside the hull 30; 2.) increase the heat exchange area by changing the profile of the hull plate 30 (sinusoidal, semicircular, square, among others); 3.) specify the paints applied externally to the hull with greater thermal conductance, 4.) design baffles internal to the heat exchanger 20 to direct the fluid in a way that maximizes the thermal exchange, as shown in Figure 10.

[0025] O trocador de calor 20 proposto nesta invenção deve ser tratado tecnicamente como um vaso de processo e, por isso, o seu projeto e operação devem estar submetidos as normas aplicáveis (NR-13). [0025] The heat exchanger 20 proposed in this invention must be technically treated as a process vessel and, therefore, its design and operation must be subject to the applicable standards (NR-13).

Exemplos de concretizações da invenção Examples of embodiments of the invention

[0026] Para demonstrar a viabilidade técnica da presente invenção, adota-se como exemplo de aplicação um FPSO para produção de óleo e gás, com uma capacidade de produção de 150.000 barris por dia de óleo, 6 milhões de m3/dia de gás, 24.000 m3 por dia de injeção de água e com uma capacidade de armazenamento de petróleo de 2 milhões de barris, cuja necessidade de resfriamento térmico dos seus sistemas e equipamentos é de 120 MW. [0026] To demonstrate the technical feasibility of the present invention, an FPSO for oil and gas production is adopted as an example of application, with a production capacity of 150,000 barrels per day of oil, 6 million m3/day of gas, 24,000 m3 of water injection per day and with an oil storage capacity of 2 million barrels, whose need for thermal cooling of its systems and equipment is 120 MW.

[0027] A Figura 7 mostra ilustrativamente as cotas e as medidas que serão usadas, simulando um FPSO com as características acima [0026], para dimensionar o trocador de calor 20 proposto nesta invenção e calcular sua capacidade de troca térmica. A Figura 7 também mostra os cortes transversais de dois tipos de cascos 30, um com duplo costado e fundo simples 32 e outro com costado e fundo duplos 34. Assim, temos que: [0027] Figure 7 illustratively shows the dimensions and measurements that will be used, simulating an FPSO with the above characteristics [0026], to dimension the heat exchanger 20 proposed in this invention and calculate its heat exchange capacity. Figure 7 also shows the cross-sections of two types of hulls 30, one with double side and single bottom 32 and the other with double side and bottom 34. Thus, we have:

• L => Comprimento 50 do Trocador de Calor 20 (m) • L => Heat Exchanger Length 50 20 (m)

• Dv => Distância Vertical 51 do Trocador de Calor 20 (m) • Dv => Vertical Distance 51 from Heat Exchanger 20 (m)

• Dh => Distância Florizontal 52 ou 53 do Trocador de Calor 20 (m) • D h => Florizontal Distance 52 or 53 from Heat Exchanger 20 (m)

• P => Largura 54 do Trocador de Calor 20 (m) • P => Heat Exchanger Width 54 20 (m)

• ATC => Área Casco (Troca Térmica) do Trocador de Calor 20 (m2) • ATC => Hull Area (Thermal Exchange) of the Heat Exchanger 20 (m 2 )

• QTC => Dissipação Térmica do Trocador de Calor 20 (MW) • VTC => Volume do Trocador de Calor 20 (m3) • QTC => Thermal Dissipation of Heat Exchanger 20 (MW) • VTC => Heat Exchanger Volume 20 (m 3 )

• K => Condutância Térmica da Chapa do Casco 30 (W/m.°C) • K => Shell Plate Thermal Conductance 30 (W/m.°C)

• E => Espessura da Chapa do Casco 30 (m) • E => Hull Plate Thickness 30 (m)

• Ti => Temperatura Fria da Água de Resfriamento 41 (°C) • Ti => Cooling Water Cold Temperature 41 (°C)

• T2 => Temperatura Quente da Água de Resfriamento 42 (°C) • T 2 => Cooling Water Hot Temperature 42 (°C)

• TM => Temperatura de Projeto da Água do Mar 40 (°C) • TM => Seawater Design Temperature 40 (°C)

• DQ => Diferença de Temperatura Média entre a Água do Mar 40 e a de Resfriamento 42 (°C) • DQ => Average Temperature Difference between Seawater 40 and Cooling 42 (°C)

[0028] Com as equações 1 , 2 e 3 abaixo pode-se calcular respectivamente a área de troca térmica, o volume e a capacidade de dissipação térmica do trocador de calor 20 de um bordo da embarcação, logo a capacidade total da embarcação será o dobro do valor encontrado nas equações abaixo, tanto para área, volume e dissipação térmica. [0028] With equations 1, 2 and 3 below, it is possible to calculate respectively the heat exchange area, the volume and the heat dissipation capacity of the heat exchanger 20 on one side of the vessel, so the total capacity of the vessel will be the twice the value found in the equations below, both for area, volume and thermal dissipation.

. ATC = L . (Dv + Dh) m2 (1) . ATC = L . (Dv + D h ) m 2 (1)

. VTC = P. L . (Dv + Dh) m3 (2)

Figure imgf000010_0001
. VTC = P.L. (Dv + D h ) m 3 (2)
Figure imgf000010_0001

[0029] Considera-se que os valores de projeto abaixo são comuns aos dois tipos de cascos, isto é, casco duplo 34 e casco com costado duplo e fundo simples 32, assim temos: [0029] It is considered that the design values below are common to both types of hulls, that is, double hull 34 and hull with double side and single bottom 32, so we have:

• TM = 26 °C, Ti = 35 °C, T2 = 55 °C, • T M = 26 °C, Ti = 35 °C, T 2 = 55 °C,

• KAÇO = 52 W/m.°C, • KAÇO = 52 W/m.°C,

• E = 0,03 m, • E = 0.03 m,

• P = 0,5 m, Dh = 15 m, L= 250 m • P = 0.5 m, D h = 15 m, L = 250 m

[0030] A diferença para calcular a capacidade de troca térmica do trocador de calor 20, quando temos um de casco de fundo simples 32 e um casco duplo 34, está no dimensionamento da cota 52 ou 53 Dh, que para o caso de fundo simples 32 é Dh 52 = 5 m e para o caso de casco duplo 34 é Dh 53 = 25 m. [0031] De forma a considerar as perdas na condutância térmica do casco, devido a sua pintura externa e algum nível de incrustação marinha, foi reduzido o valor da diferença de temperatura média DQ, responsável pela dissipação térmica, em 5 °C, ou seja, uma redução de 25 % da capacidade de dissipação térmica do trocador de calor 20. [0030] The difference to calculate the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchanger 20, when we have a single bottom hull 32 and a double hull 34, is in the dimensioning of the dimension 52 or 53 D h , which for the bottom case single 32 is D h 52 = 5 m and for the double hull case 34 is D h 53 = 25 m. [0031] In order to consider the losses in the thermal conductance of the hull, due to its external painting and some level of marine incrustation, the value of the average temperature difference DQ, responsible for the thermal dissipation, was reduced by 5 °C, that is, , a 25% reduction in the heat dissipation capacity of the heat exchanger 20.

[0032]Assim, para embarcações do tipo FPSO, acima dimensionada, de duplo costado e fundo simples 32, temos uma capacidade de troca térmica (ou dissipação térmica) do trocador de calor 20 de um bordo de QTC = 130 MW. Logo, a capacidade total de resfriamento do FPSO considerando os dois bordos é QTC = 260 MW. [0032]Thus, for vessels of the FPSO type, above dimensioned, with double hull and single bottom 32, we have a heat exchange capacity (or heat dissipation) of heat exchanger 20 of an onboard QTC = 130 MW. Therefore, the total cooling capacity of the FPSO considering both sides is QTC = 260 MW.

[0033] Para embarcações do tipo FPSO, acima dimensionada, de duplo costado e duplo fundo 34, isto é, casco duplo, temos uma capacidade de troca térmica do trocador de calor 20 de um bordo de QTC = 260 MW. Logo, a capacidade total de resfriamento do FPSO considerando os dois bordos é QTC = 520 MW. [0033] For vessels of the FPSO type, above dimensioned, with double side and double bottom 34, that is, double hull, we have a heat exchange capacity of the heat exchanger 20 on one side of QTC = 260 MW. Therefore, the total cooling capacity of the FPSO considering both sides is QTC = 520 MW.

[0034] Como pode-se ver nos parágrafos acima, ambos projetos atendem plenamente a necessidade de resfriamento de um FPSO, de 120 MW, tornando assim uma opção técnica viável para essa aplicação. Como o sistema de resfriamento de um FPSO tem uma capacidade maior do que na maioria das demais embarcações, a aplicação deste trocador de calor 20, proposto nesta invenção, deverá atender também a outros tipos de embarcações e aplicações. [0034] As can be seen in the paragraphs above, both projects fully meet the need for cooling a 120 MW FPSO, thus making it a viable technical option for this application. As the cooling system of an FPSO has a greater capacity than that of most other vessels, the application of this heat exchanger 20, proposed in this invention, should also meet other types of vessels and applications.

[0035] Quanto à viabilidade económica, o custo de construção do trocador de calor 20, proposto nesta invenção, pode-se ser calculado considerando que sua construção faz parte da construção do casco da embarcação e deve ser cotado junto com o casco 30 da embarcação. Para o FPSO de duplo casco 34, acima mencionado, com um trocador de calor 20 de 260 MW por bordo, estima-se um acréscimo em peso de aço de 1000 t por bordo e por trocador de calor 20, totalizando para o FPSO um acréscimo de 2000 t. [0035] As for the economic feasibility, the cost of construction of the heat exchanger 20, proposed in this invention, can be calculated considering that its construction is part of the construction of the vessel's hull and must be quoted together with the vessel's hull 30 . For the aforementioned double hull FPSO 34, with a heat exchanger 20 of 260 MW per board, an increase in steel weight of 1000 t per board and per heat exchanger 20 is estimated, totaling an increase for the FPSO of 2000 t.

Claims

REIVINDICAÇÕES 1. SISTEMA DE RESFRIAMENTO DE EMBARCAÇÕES ATRAVÉS DO CASCO que compreende um circuito de resfriamento em circuito fechado com fluido a base de água doce, um sistema de bombeio (12), permutadores de calor (14) dos equipamentos e sistemas a serem arrefecidos, caracterizado por compreender ainda um vaso de separação gás/líquido (22), quando necessário, e um trocador de calor (20) construído junto ao casco para dissipação térmica do fluido a base de água doce através do casco da embarcação para a água do mar, o qual pode adotar várias configurações construtivas diferentes (36, 37, 38), dependendo da necessidade da dissipação térmica do sistema de resfriamento e dos aspectos construtivos do casco da embarcação. 1. VESSEL COOLING SYSTEM THROUGH THE HULL comprising a closed circuit cooling circuit with fresh water based fluid, a pumping system (12), heat exchangers (14) of the equipment and systems to be cooled, characterized by further comprising a gas/liquid separation vessel (22), when necessary, and a heat exchanger (20) built next to the hull for thermal dissipation of the freshwater-based fluid through the vessel's hull to seawater, which can adopt several different constructive configurations (36, 37, 38), depending on the need for thermal dissipation of the cooling system and the constructive aspects of the vessel's hull. 2. SISTEMA DE RESFRIAMENTO DE EMBARCAÇÕES ATRAVÉS DO CASCO, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado por um sistema de bombeio (12) composto por conjuntos de motobombas que podem ser instalados no deck ou, preferencialmente, na base do trocador de calor (20) próximo ao fundo do casco da embarcação. 2. VESSEL COOLING SYSTEM THROUGH THE HULL, according to claim 1, characterized by a pumping system (12) composed of sets of motor pumps that can be installed on the deck or, preferably, on the base of the heat exchanger (20 ) near the bottom of the vessel's hull. 3. SISTEMA DE RESFRIAMENTO DE EMBARCAÇÕES ATRAVÉS DO CASCO, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado por um vaso de separação gás/líquido (22), quando necessário, projetado para remover o gás do circuito de resfriamento devido a um eventual vazamento nos permutadores (14) quando estes resfriam sistemas com gás. 3. VESSEL COOLING SYSTEM THROUGH THE HULL, according to claim 1, characterized by a gas/liquid separation vessel (22), when necessary, designed to remove gas from the cooling circuit due to a possible leak in the exchangers (14) when they cool systems with gas. 4. SISTEMA DE RESFRIAMENTO DE EMBARCAÇÕES ATRAVÉS DO CASCO, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado por um trocador de calor (20) que é um dispositivo construído junto ao casco da embarcação para permitir que o fluido de resfriamento entre em contato direto com o casco e, com isso, dissipe calor através deste para a água do mar. 4. VESSEL COOLING SYSTEM THROUGH THE HULL, according to claim 1, characterized by a heat exchanger (20) which is a device built next to the hull of the vessel to allow the cooling fluid to come into direct contact with the hull and thereby dissipating heat through it to the seawater. 5. SISTEMA DE RESFRIAMENTO DE EMBARCAÇÕES ATRAVÉS DO CASCO, de acordo com a reivindicação 4, caracterizado por um trocador de calor (20) que pode ser um dispositivo único ou vários dispositivos funcionando em paralelo por bordo da embarcação. 5. VESSEL COOLING SYSTEM THROUGH THE HULL, according to claim 4, characterized by a heat exchanger (20) which can be a single device or several devices operating in parallel on board the vessel. 6. SISTEMA DE RESFRIAMENTO DE EMBARCAÇÕES ATRAVÉS DO CASCO, de acordo com a reivindicação 4, caracterizado por um trocador de calor (20) que pode instalar aletas de dissipação térmica internas/externas e/ou adotar perfis diferentes de chapa, tal como ondulada e semicircular, para o casco da embarcação com objetivo de aumentar a área de troca térmica e, consequentemente, a sua capacidade de dissipação de calor para a água do mar. 6. VESSEL COOLING SYSTEM THROUGH THE HULL, according to claim 4, characterized by a heat exchanger (20) that can install internal/external heat dissipation fins and/or adopt different sheet profiles, such as corrugated and semicircular, for the hull of the vessel in order to increase the heat exchange area and, consequently, its heat dissipation capacity to the seawater. 7. SISTEMA DE RESFRIAMENTO DE EMBARCAÇÕES ATRAVÉS DO CASCO, de acordo com a reivindicação 4, caracterizado por um trocador de calor (20) que pode ser revestido de material de isolamento térmico na parte interna à embarcação com objetivo de aproveitar a estrutura existente da embarcação evitando contato do fluido de resfriamento com a estrutura de temperatura mais elevada. 7. VESSEL COOLING SYSTEM THROUGH THE HULL, according to claim 4, characterized by a heat exchanger (20) that can be coated with thermal insulation material inside the vessel in order to take advantage of the vessel's existing structure avoiding contact of the coolant with the higher temperature structure.
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US4557319A (en) * 1982-07-02 1985-12-10 Arnold Alanson J Marine keel cooler
SU1572925A1 (en) * 1988-04-11 1990-06-23 Предприятие П/Я М-5940 Shipъs equipment cooling system
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US20170233052A1 (en) * 2016-02-15 2017-08-17 Southern Towing Company, LLC Forced flow water circulation cooling for barges
CN111071425A (en) * 2020-01-10 2020-04-28 大连海事大学 Heat exchange system based on ship body heat dissipation and use method thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3841396A (en) * 1973-06-12 1974-10-15 T Knaebel Finned heat exchanger and system
US4557319A (en) * 1982-07-02 1985-12-10 Arnold Alanson J Marine keel cooler
SU1572925A1 (en) * 1988-04-11 1990-06-23 Предприятие П/Я М-5940 Shipъs equipment cooling system
EP2163468A1 (en) * 2008-08-20 2010-03-17 Bloksma B.V. Vessel provided with heat exchangers in the double bottom thereof
WO2016038081A1 (en) * 2014-09-11 2016-03-17 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Hydrocarbon processing plant with a side water intake system and method of operating such a plant
US20170233052A1 (en) * 2016-02-15 2017-08-17 Southern Towing Company, LLC Forced flow water circulation cooling for barges
CN111071425A (en) * 2020-01-10 2020-04-28 大连海事大学 Heat exchange system based on ship body heat dissipation and use method thereof

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