WO2022209634A1 - クラッチ制御装置 - Google Patents
クラッチ制御装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022209634A1 WO2022209634A1 PCT/JP2022/010045 JP2022010045W WO2022209634A1 WO 2022209634 A1 WO2022209634 A1 WO 2022209634A1 JP 2022010045 W JP2022010045 W JP 2022010045W WO 2022209634 A1 WO2022209634 A1 WO 2022209634A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- clutch
- control
- manual operation
- actuator
- release shaft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D48/00—External control of clutches
- F16D48/06—Control by electric or electronic means, e.g. of fluid pressure
- F16D48/068—Control by electric or electronic means, e.g. of fluid pressure using signals from a manually actuated gearshift linkage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D48/00—External control of clutches
- F16D48/06—Control by electric or electronic means, e.g. of fluid pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
- F16D2500/10—System to be controlled
- F16D2500/102—Actuator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
- F16D2500/10—System to be controlled
- F16D2500/11—Application
- F16D2500/1107—Vehicles
- F16D2500/1117—Motorcycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
- F16D2500/30—Signal inputs
- F16D2500/302—Signal inputs from the actuator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
- F16D2500/30—Signal inputs
- F16D2500/304—Signal inputs from the clutch
- F16D2500/30401—On-off signal indicating the engage or disengaged position of the clutch
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
- F16D2500/50—Problem to be solved by the control system
- F16D2500/502—Relating the clutch
- F16D2500/50203—Transition between manual and automatic control of the clutch
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a clutch control device.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-062061 filed in Japan on March 31, 2021, the content of which is incorporated herein.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to enable efficient detection of manual operation intervention at arbitrary timing in a clutch control device that controls the engagement and disengagement of a clutch device.
- one aspect of the present invention comprises a clutch device (26) for connecting and disconnecting power transmission between a prime mover (13) and an output target (21), and the clutch device (26).
- a clutch actuator (50) for outputting a driving force for actuation; a control section (40) for driving and controlling the clutch actuator (50); and a clutch operating element that can be operated without interruption, and the control unit (40) controls a reference output value of the clutch actuator (50) that operates the clutch device (26) and an output value of the clutch actuator (50).
- control section (40) may transition to a predetermined manual operation intervention control when detecting that the manual operation has been performed.
- a predetermined manual operation intervention control when detecting that the manual operation has been performed.
- This case is the case where the actual measurement value of the current output value of the clutch actuator has a difference greater than or equal to a specified value with respect to the reference output value of the clutch actuator.
- the reference output value is the output value of the clutch actuator without manual intervention. In this way, the following effects can be obtained by efficiently detecting intervention of manual operation at arbitrary timing. That is, it is possible to switch from the automatic clutch control to the manual intervention control at an arbitrary timing by the driver's operation.
- control section (40) may maintain the output value of the clutch actuator (50) at the time of detection within a predetermined condition. According to this configuration, it is possible to prevent the driver from feeling uncomfortable due to sudden loss of the output value of the clutch actuator when the manual operation is intervened. Also, at this time, it is possible to appropriately shift to manual operation intervention control.
- the control unit (40) when detecting intervention of the manual operation, maintains the output value of the clutch actuator (50) at the time of detection until the amount of manual operation reaches a predetermined value. , and then gradually decrease the output value. According to this configuration, it is possible to prevent the driver from feeling uncomfortable due to sudden loss of the output value of the clutch actuator when the manual operation is intervened. Also, at this time, it is possible to suppress the power consumption due to the continuous output of the clutch actuator.
- control section (40) may maintain the clutch disengaged state within a predetermined condition when detecting intervention of the manual operation during clutch disengagement by automatic control. According to this configuration, when a manual operation intervenes when the clutch is disengaged by automatic control, the following effects can be obtained by maintaining the disengaged state of the clutch for a predetermined period of time. That is, it is possible to suppress the influence of abrupt clutch engagement operation after manual operation.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the transmission and change mechanism of the motorcycle; 2 is a block diagram of the transmission system of the motorcycle; FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing transitions of clutch control modes of the motorcycle; FIG. 2 is a V arrow view of FIG. 1 and shows an axial view of the clutch actuator.
- FIG. 4 is a developed cross-sectional view along the axial direction of the clutch actuator;
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a release shaft that operates a clutch device;
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII of FIG. 7;
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG.
- FIG. 8 showing the action of the release shaft in the half-clutch region, and showing the drive by the clutch actuator
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 8 showing the action of the release shaft in the half-clutch region, and showing manual intervention.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 8 showing the action of the release shaft at the standby position, and showing the time when the clutch actuator is driven;
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 8 showing the action of the release shaft at the standby position, and showing manual intervention.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG.
- FIG. 6 showing a state in which the clutch actuator is attached to the right cover; It is a graph showing clutch control characteristics, in which the vertical axis represents the output value of the clutch actuator and the horizontal axis represents the amount of actuation of the release mechanism.
- Fig. 13 is a graph corresponding to Fig. 12 and showing the first effect of the embodiment;
- Fig. 13 is a graph corresponding to Fig. 12 and showing the second effect of the embodiment;
- Fig. 2 is a right side view showing a main part of the motorcycle;
- Fig. 2 is a top view showing the essential parts of the motorcycle;
- Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing the essential parts of the motorcycle;
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a main part of a clutch actuator of a modified example of the embodiment; It is explanatory drawing which shows the vehicle mounting state of the clutch actuator of the said modification.
- the present embodiment is applied to a motorcycle 1 as an example of a saddle type vehicle.
- a front wheel 2 of the motorcycle 1 is supported by lower ends of a pair of left and right front forks 3 .
- Upper portions of the left and right front forks 3 are supported by a head pipe 6 at the front end of the body frame 5 via a steering stem 4 .
- a bar-type steering handle 4a is attached to the top bridge of the steering stem 4. As shown in FIG.
- the vehicle body frame 5 includes a head pipe 6, a main frame 7 extending downward and rearward from the head pipe 6 at the center in the vehicle width direction (left-right direction), a pivot frame 8 provided below the rear end of the main frame 7, and a main frame.
- a seat frame 9 connected to the rear of the frame 7 and the pivot frame 8 is provided.
- a front end portion of a swing arm 11 is pivotally supported on the pivot frame 8 so as to be able to swing.
- a rear wheel 12 of the motorcycle 1 is supported at the rear end of the swing arm 11 .
- a fuel tank 18 is supported above the left and right main frames 7 .
- a front seat 19 and a rear seat 19 a are supported behind the fuel tank 18 and above the seat frame 9 .
- knee grip portions 18a recessed inward in the vehicle width direction are formed.
- the left and right knee grip portions 18a are formed so as to match the following portions.
- the part is the inside of the left and right knees of the driver seated on the front seat 19 .
- Steps 18 b are supported on both left and right sides below the front seat 19 . On step 18b, the driver puts his/her foot from the ankle on.
- a power unit PU including the prime mover of the motorcycle 1 is suspended below the main frame 7 .
- the power unit PU integrally has an engine (internal combustion engine, prime mover) 13 located on the front side thereof and a transmission 21 located on the rear side thereof.
- the engine 13 is, for example, a multi-cylinder engine in which the rotation axis of the crankshaft 14 extends in the left-right direction (vehicle width direction).
- the engine 13 has a cylinder 16 erected above the front portion of the crankcase 15 .
- a rear part of the crankcase 15 is a transmission case 17 that accommodates the transmission 21 .
- a right cover 17 a that extends over the right side of the transmission case 17 is attached to the right side of the crankcase 15 .
- the right cover 17 a also serves as a clutch cover that covers the clutch device 26 .
- Power unit PU is linked to rear wheel 12 via, for example, a chain transmission mechanism (not shown).
- the transmission 21 is a stepped transmission.
- the transmission 21 has a main shaft 22 , a counter shaft 23 , and a transmission gear group 24 straddling both shafts 22 , 23 .
- Countershaft 23 constitutes an output shaft of transmission 21 and thus power unit PU.
- a left end portion of the countershaft 23 projects to the rear left side of the transmission case 17 and is connected to the rear wheel 12 via the chain type transmission mechanism.
- the main shaft 22 and countershaft 23 of the transmission 21 are arranged behind the crankshaft 14 .
- a clutch device 26 is coaxially arranged at the right end of the main shaft 22 .
- the clutch device 26 connects and disconnects power transmission between the crankshaft 14 of the engine 13 and the main shaft 22 of the transmission 21 .
- the clutch device 26 is engaged and disengaged by at least one of the operation of a clutch operator (for example, a clutch lever not shown) by the passenger and the operation of a clutch actuator 50 which will be described in detail later.
- the clutch device 26 is, for example, a wet multi-plate clutch, a so-called normally closed clutch. Rotational power of the crankshaft 14 is transmitted to the main shaft 22 via the clutch device 26 and transmitted from the main shaft 22 to the countershaft 23 via an arbitrary gear pair of the transmission gear group 24 .
- a drive sprocket 27 of the chain transmission mechanism is attached to the left end portion of the countershaft 23 that protrudes to the rear left side of the crankcase 15 .
- a change mechanism 25 for switching the gear pair of the transmission gear group 24 is accommodated.
- the change mechanism 25 has a hollow cylindrical shift drum 32 parallel to the shafts 22 and 23 .
- the change mechanism 25 operates the plurality of shift forks 32a. This operation is performed according to the pattern of lead grooves formed on the outer circumference of the shift drum 32 .
- the change mechanism 25 switches the gear pair used for power transmission between the shafts 22 and 23 in the transmission gear group 24 .
- the motorcycle 1 only the shift operation of the transmission 21 (foot operation of a shift pedal (not shown)) is performed by the driver, and the connection/disengagement operation of the clutch device 26 is electrically controlled according to the operation of the shift pedal. automatically. That is, the motorcycle 1 employs a so-called semi-automatic transmission system (automatic clutch type transmission system).
- the transmission system 30 includes a clutch actuator 50, an ECU 40 (Electronic Control Unit), various sensors 41-46, 57d, 58d, and various devices 47, 48, 50.
- the ECU 40 controls the operation of the ignition device 47 and the fuel injection device 48 and also controls the operation of the clutch actuator 50 .
- This control is based on detection information from the acceleration sensor 41, the gear position sensor 42, and the shift load sensor 43 (for example, a torque sensor), as well as various vehicle data from the throttle opening sensor 44, the vehicle speed sensor 45, the engine speed sensor 46, and the like. This is done based on state detection information and the like.
- the acceleration sensor 41 detects the behavior of the vehicle body.
- a gear position sensor 42 detects a gear position from the rotational angle of the shift drum 32 .
- the shift load sensor 43 detects the operating torque input to the shift spindle 31 (see FIG. 2) of the change mechanism 25 .
- a throttle opening sensor 44 detects the throttle opening.
- a vehicle speed sensor 45 detects the vehicle speed.
- An engine speed sensor 46 detects the engine speed.
- the clutch actuator 50 controls the operating torque applied to the release shaft 53 in order to connect and disconnect the clutch device 26.
- the clutch actuator 50 includes an electric motor 52 (hereinafter simply referred to as the motor 52 ) as a drive source and a speed reduction mechanism 51 that transmits the drive force of the motor 52 to the release shaft 53 .
- the reduction mechanism 51 has a first reduction shaft 57 and a second reduction shaft 58 . Each of these shafts 57 and 58 is provided with a first rotation angle sensor 57d and a second rotation angle sensor 58d for detecting rotation angles.
- the ECU 40 calculates the following current values based on a preset calculation program.
- the current value is the value of the current supplied to the motor 52 to connect and disconnect the clutch device 26 .
- the current supplied to the motor 52 is obtained from the correlation with the torque that the motor 52 is caused to output.
- the target torque of the motor 52 is proportional to the operating torque applied to the release shaft 53 (driven clutch lever torque, which will be described later).
- a current value supplied to the motor 52 is detected by a current sensor 40 b included in the ECU 40 .
- the operation of the clutch actuator 50 is controlled according to the change in the detected value.
- the clutch actuator 50 will be detailed later.
- the clutch device 26 of the embodiment is a multi-plate clutch in which a plurality of clutch plates 35 are laminated in the axial direction, and is a wet clutch arranged in an oil chamber inside the right cover 17a.
- the clutch device 26 includes a clutch outer 33 , a clutch center 34 and a plurality of clutch plates 35 .
- the clutch outer 33 is driven by constant transmission of rotational power from the crankshaft 14 .
- the clutch center 34 is arranged inside the clutch outer 33 and supported by the main shaft 22 so as to be integrally rotatable.
- a plurality of clutch plates 35 are laminated between the clutch outer 33 and the clutch center 34 to frictionally engage them.
- a pressure plate 36 having approximately the same diameter as the clutch plates 35 is arranged on the right side (outside in the vehicle width direction) of the laminated clutch plates 35 .
- the pressure plate 36 receives the elastic load of the clutch spring 37 and is urged leftward, and presses (frictionally engages) the stacked clutch plates 35 with each other.
- the clutch device 26 enters a connected state in which power can be transmitted.
- the clutch device 26 is a normally closed clutch that is normally connected when there is no external input.
- the pressure contact is released by operating the release mechanism 38 inside the right cover 17a.
- the release mechanism 38 is operated by at least one of the operation of a clutch lever (not shown) by the passenger and the application of torque by the clutch actuator 50 .
- the release mechanism 38 includes a lifter shaft 39 and a release shaft 53.
- the lifter shaft 39 is axially reciprocally held within the right side of the main shaft 22 .
- the release shaft 53 is arranged so that its axial direction is perpendicular to the lifter shaft 39, and is held on the outer side of the right cover 17a so as to be rotatable about its axis.
- a line C3 in the drawing indicates the center axis of the release shaft 53 extending in the vertical direction.
- the release shaft 53 is tilted rearward in the axial direction (see FIG.
- An eccentric cam portion 38a is provided on the lower portion of the release shaft 53 located inside the right cover 17a.
- the eccentric cam portion 38 a is engaged with the right end portion of the lifter shaft 39 .
- the release shaft 53 rotates about its axis, thereby moving the lifter shaft 39 rightward by the action of the eccentric cam portion 38a.
- the lifter shaft 39 is configured to reciprocate integrally with the pressure plate 36 of the clutch device 26 . Therefore, when the lifter shaft 39 moves rightward, the pressure plate 36 moves (lifts) rightward against the biasing force of the clutch spring 37 . As a result, the frictional engagement between the laminated clutch plates 35 is released. As a result, the normally closed clutch device 26 is brought into a disengaged state in which power cannot be transmitted.
- release mechanism 38 is not limited to an eccentric cam mechanism, and may be provided with a rack and pinion, a feed screw, or the like.
- the mechanism that connects the clutch lever and the driven clutch lever 54 is not limited to the operation cable, and may be provided with a rod, a link, or the like.
- the clutch control device 40A of this embodiment has three clutch control modes.
- the clutch control mode has an auto mode M1 for automatic control, a manual mode M2 for manual operation, and a manual intervention mode M3 for temporary manual operation.
- the clutch control mode appropriately transitions between the three modes according to the operation of the clutch control mode changeover switch 49 (see FIG. 3) and the clutch operator.
- a target including the manual mode M2 and the manual intervention mode M3 is referred to as a manual system M2A.
- the auto mode M1 is a mode in which the clutch device 26 is controlled by calculating a clutch capacity suitable for the running state in accordance with automatic start/shift control.
- the manual mode M2 is a mode in which the clutch capacity is calculated and the clutch device 26 is controlled according to the clutch operation instruction from the passenger.
- the manual intervention mode M3 is a temporary manual operation mode in which a clutch operation instruction from the passenger is received during the automatic mode M1, the clutch capacity is calculated from the clutch operation instruction, and the clutch device 26 is controlled. It should be noted that, during the manual intervention mode M3, for example, if the occupant stops operating the clutch operator (completely released state) for a specified period of time, the automatic mode M1 may be set to return.
- the clutch control device 40A starts control from the clutch-on state (engagement state) in auto mode M1. Further, the clutch control device 40A is set to return to the clutch-on state in the auto mode M1 when the engine 13 is stopped (when the system is off). In the normally closed clutch device 26, there is no need to supply power to the motor 52 of the clutch actuator 50 when the clutch is on. On the other hand, power supply to the motor 52 is maintained in the clutch-off state (disconnected state) of the clutch device 26 .
- Auto mode M1 basically performs clutch control automatically.
- Auto mode M1 enables the motorcycle 1 to run without lever operation.
- the clutch capacity is controlled based on the throttle opening, engine speed, vehicle speed, shift sensor output, and the like.
- the motorcycle 1 can be started only by operating the throttle without engine stall (engine stop or engine stall).
- the motorcycle 1 can be shifted only by a shift operation.
- the automatic mode M1 is switched to the manual intervention mode M3 when the passenger grips the clutch lever. Thereby, it is possible to arbitrarily disengage the clutch device 26 .
- the passenger can operate the lever to control the clutch capacity (that is, the clutch device 26 can be connected and disconnected).
- the auto mode M1 and the manual mode M2 are mutually switchable. This switching is performed, for example, by operating the clutch control mode switching switch 49 (see FIG. 3) while the motorcycle 1 is stopped and the transmission 21 is in neutral.
- the clutch control device 40A may include an indicator that indicates the manual state when transitioning to the manual system M2A (manual mode M2 or manual intervention mode M3).
- clutch control is basically performed manually.
- the clutch capacity can be controlled according to the operating angle of the clutch lever (and thus the operating angle of the driven clutch lever 54). Thereby, it is possible to control the connection/disengagement of the clutch device 26 according to the passenger's intention.
- clutch control can automatically intervene when shift operation is performed without clutch operation.
- the operating angle of the driven clutch lever 54 will be referred to as the driven clutch lever operating angle.
- the clutch actuator 50 automatically connects and disconnects the clutch device 26 .
- manual clutch operation is performed on the clutch lever, so that manual operation can be temporarily intervened in the automatic control of the clutch device 26 (manual intervention mode M3).
- a clutch lever (not shown) as a manual clutch operator is attached to the base end side (inner side in the vehicle width direction) of the left grip of the steering handle 4a.
- the clutch lever is connected to a driven clutch lever 54 attached to a release shaft 53 of the clutch device 26 via an operating cable (not shown).
- the driven clutch lever 54 is attached to an upper end portion of the release shaft 53 that protrudes upward from the right cover 17a so as to rotate integrally therewith.
- the handle switch attached to the steering handle 4a is provided with the clutch control mode changeover switch 49. This allows the occupant to easily switch the clutch control mode during normal driving.
- a clutch actuator 50 is attached to the rear upper portion of the right cover 17a on the right side of the crankcase 15.
- the clutch actuator 50 includes a motor 52 and a speed reduction mechanism 51.
- the motor 52 is, for example, a DC motor, and is arranged, for example, in parallel with the release shaft 53 in the axial direction.
- the motor 52 is arranged so that the drive shaft 55 protrudes upward.
- the reduction mechanism 51 transmits the driving force of the motor 52 to the release shaft 53 .
- multiple (two) motors 52 are provided for a single clutch actuator 50 .
- the motor 52 located on the vehicle front side of the clutch actuator 50 is referred to as a first motor 521
- the motor 52 located on the vehicle rear side and vehicle width direction inner side with respect to the first motor 521 is referred to as a second motor 522 .
- Lines C01 and C02 in the figure indicate central axes (drive axes) of the motors 521 and 522, respectively.
- both motors 521 and 522 may be collectively referred to as motor 52 .
- both axes C01 and C02 may be collectively referred to as axis C0.
- the deceleration mechanism 51 decelerates the rotational power output from the motor 52 and transmits it to the release shaft 53 .
- the reduction mechanism 51 includes, for example, a gear train axially parallel to the release shaft 53 .
- the speed reduction mechanism 51 includes a drive gear 55a, a first reduction gear 57a, a first small diameter gear 57b, a second reduction gear 58a, a second small diameter gear 58b, a driven gear 63a, and a gear case 59.
- the drive gear 55a is provided integrally with the drive shaft 55 of each motor 521,522.
- Each drive gear 55a meshes with the first reduction gear 57a.
- the first small diameter gear 57b is provided coaxially with the first reduction gear 57a.
- the second reduction gear 58a meshes with the first small diameter gear 57b.
- the second small diameter gear 58b is provided coaxially with the second reduction gear 58a.
- the driven gear 63a meshes with the second small diameter gear 58b.
- the gear case 59 accommodates each gear.
- the first reduction gear 57a and the first small diameter gear 57b are rotatably supported by the first support shaft 57c.
- the first reduction gear 57a, the first small diameter gear 57b and the first support shaft 57c constitute the first reduction shaft 57.
- the second reduction gear 58a and the second small diameter gear 58b are rotatably supported by the second support shaft 58c.
- the second reduction gear 58a, the second small diameter gear 58b and the second support shaft 58c constitute a second reduction shaft 58.
- the first support shaft 57c and the second support shaft 58c are rotatably supported by the gear case 59, respectively.
- the second reduction gear 58a is a sector gear centered on the second support shaft 58c.
- the second reduction gear 58a is provided so as to extend forward and outward in the vehicle width direction of the second support shaft 58c.
- line C1 indicates the central axis of the first reduction shaft 57
- line C2 indicates the central axis of the second reduction shaft 58, respectively.
- the driven gear 63a is provided on the release shaft 53 so as to be integrally rotatable.
- the driven gear 63 a is a sector gear centered on the release shaft 53 .
- the driven gear 63 a is provided so as to extend forward of the release shaft 53 .
- a gear on the downstream side of the reduction mechanism 51 has a small rotation angle. Therefore, the second reduction gear 58a and the driven gear 63a can be sector gears with a small rotation angle.
- a system is configured in which the clutch actuator 50 directly connects and disconnects the clutch device 26 .
- Each gear is a flat spur gear with reduced thickness in the axial direction
- the gear case 59 is also formed in a flat shape with reduced thickness in the axial direction. This makes the speed reduction mechanism 51 less noticeable when viewed from the side of the vehicle.
- a first rotation angle sensor 57d and a second rotation angle sensor 58d are provided on the upper surface side of the gear case 59 . The first rotation angle sensor 57d and the second rotation angle sensor 58d are connected to one end of each of the first reduction shaft 57 and the second reduction shaft 58 to detect these rotation angles.
- the motor 52 is arranged to protrude downward from the front of the gear case 59 .
- the driving force of the motor 52 is decelerated as follows and transmitted to the release shaft 53. That is, the driving force of the motor 52 is reduced between the drive gear 55a and the first reduction gear 57a, reduced between the first small diameter gear 57b and the second reduction gear 58a, and further reduced between the second small diameter gear 58b. and the driven gear 63a.
- a stopper 59a is provided before the final stage of the gear train of the reduction mechanism 51 (between the second small diameter gear 58b and the driven gear 63a).
- the stopper 59a defines the initial position of the release shaft 53 (the stop position in the return direction opposite to the clutch disengagement direction).
- the stopper 59a is integrally formed inside the gear case 59, for example.
- the stopper 59a defines the stop position of the second reduction gear 58a by contacting the side edge of the fan-shaped second reduction gear 58a.
- the initial position of the release shaft 53 can be reliably defined while suppressing the strength of the gear case 59 .
- the clutch actuator 50 is arranged vertically below the knee grip portion 18a on the right side of the fuel tank 18 as viewed from the side of the vehicle.
- the clutch actuator 50 is arranged to protrude outward in the vehicle width direction from the knee grip portion 18a on the right side of the fuel tank 18 when viewed from the top of the vehicle in FIG.
- the line L1 represents the thigh of the driver's leg
- the line L2 represents the lower leg below the knee
- the line L3 represents the foot from the ankle.
- the lower leg L2 when viewed from the side of the vehicle, the lower leg L2 extends obliquely rearward and downward from the knee grip portion 18a, and the foot L3 is placed on the step 18b.
- the clutch actuator 50 protrudes outward in the vehicle width direction from the knee grip portion 18a.
- the clutch actuator 50 is arranged to avoid the crus L2 of the driver's legs forward when viewed from the side of the vehicle. This suppresses interference of the clutch actuator 50 with the arrangement space of the driver's legs.
- Clutch actuator 50 is positioned so as to avoid forward lower leg L2 of the driver's leg when viewed from the side of the vehicle even when the driver extends his leg and lands foot L3. In this respect as well, the interference of the clutch actuator 50 with the arrangement space of the driver's legs is suppressed.
- the right cover 17a has the following range as a bulging portion 17b that bulges outward in the vehicle width direction.
- the range is a circular range coaxial with the clutch device 26 when viewed from the side of the vehicle.
- a cover concave portion 17c is formed in a portion of the bulging portion 17b facing rearward and upward.
- the cover recessed portion 17c changes the outer surface inward in the vehicle width direction with respect to the remaining portion.
- the cover recess 17c has a semicircular shape when viewed from the side of the vehicle.
- the semicircular chord portion of the cover recess 17c is formed in a straight line perpendicular to the axial direction of the release shaft 53 when viewed from the side of the vehicle.
- This chord portion forms a stepped portion 17d that changes the outer surface of the bulging portion 17b in a stepped manner.
- the stepped portion 17d is inclined rearwardly downward when viewed from the side of the vehicle.
- the upper portion of the release shaft 53 protrudes obliquely upward and rearward from the stepped portion 17d.
- the release shaft 53 penetrates the stepped portion 17d of the cover concave portion 17c and protrudes outside the cover.
- the clutch actuator 50 is attached to the right cover 17a so as to be inserted into the cover recess 17c.
- the release shaft 53 is divided into a plurality of elements so as to be rotatable by separately receiving the input from the clutch actuator 50 and the input by the operation of the passenger.
- the release shaft 53 includes an upper release shaft 61 forming an upper portion, a lower release shaft 62 forming a lower portion, and an intermediate release shaft 63 .
- the intermediate release shaft 63 is arranged across the lower end of the upper release shaft 61 and the upper end of the lower release shaft 62 .
- the upper release shaft 61 has a cylindrical shape.
- the upper release shaft 61 is rotatably supported by the upper boss portion 59b of the gear case 59. As shown in FIG. An upper end portion of the upper release shaft 61 protrudes outside the gear case 59 .
- a driven clutch lever 54 is supported by the upper end of the upper release shaft 61 so as to be integrally rotatable.
- a return spring 54 s is attached to the driven clutch lever 54 . The return spring 54s applies an urging force to the driven clutch lever 54 in a direction opposite to the rotation (rotation in the clutch disengaging direction) due to the operation of the clutch operator.
- the lower release shaft 62 has a cylindrical shape. A lower portion of the lower release shaft 62 is rotatably supported inside the right cover 17a. A lower portion of the lower release shaft 62 faces the inside of the gear case 59 . An eccentric cam portion 38a of the release mechanism 38 is formed in the lower portion. A lower return spring 62 s is attached to the lower end of the lower release shaft 62 . The lower return spring 62s applies an urging force to the lower release shaft 62 in a direction opposite to the rotation in the clutch disengaging direction.
- the lower end of the upper release shaft 61 is provided with a manual operation side cam 61b extending in the axial direction and having a fan-shaped cross section.
- a clutch-side cam 62b extending in the axial direction and having a fan-shaped cross section is provided.
- the clutch side cam 62b is provided in a range that avoids the manual operation side cam 61b in the circumferential direction or the axial direction.
- the one circumferential side surface 61b1 of the manual operation side cam 61b presses the other circumferential side surface 62b2 of the clutch side cam 62b, and the lower release shaft 62 can be rotated (see FIGS. 9B and 10B). .
- the other circumferential side surface 61b2 of the manual operation side cam 61b and the one circumferential side surface 62b1 of the clutch side cam 62b are separated from each other in the circumferential direction or the axial direction. Accordingly, when the clutch-side cam 62b receives an input from the clutch actuator 50, the lower release shaft 62 can rotate independently of the upper release shaft 61 (see FIGS. 9A and 10A).
- the intermediate release shaft 63 has a cylindrical shape.
- the intermediate release shaft 63 can be inserted through an engaging portion (upper and lower shaft engaging portion) between the lower end portion of the upper release shaft 61 and the upper end portion of the lower release shaft 62 .
- a driven gear 63a is supported by the intermediate release shaft 63 so as to be rotatable therewith.
- the intermediate release shaft 63 is provided with a control operation side cam 63b extending in the axial direction and having a fan-shaped cross section.
- Intermediate release shaft 63 and driven gear 63 a prevent contact with other components of clutch actuator 50 .
- the intermediate release shaft 63 only contacts the bearings supported by the gear case 59, as well as the following parts.
- the parts are the lower end of the upper release shaft 61 (manual operation side cam 61b) and the upper end of the lower release shaft 62 (clutch side cam 62b).
- the control operation side cam 63b of the intermediate release shaft 63 is engaged with the following parts with a clearance in the axial direction.
- These parts are the manual operation side cam 61b of the upper release shaft 61 and the clutch side cam 62b of the lower release shaft 62. As shown in FIG.
- the driven gear 63a only brings the gear teeth into contact with the second small-diameter gear 58b.
- the friction of the driven gear 63a, which is the control gear is reduced as much as possible, and the control accuracy of the release shaft 53 is improved.
- the control operation side cam 63b of the intermediate release shaft 63 and the clutch side cam 62b of the lower release shaft 62 overlap each other in the axial direction while avoiding each other in the circumferential direction.
- the control operation side cam 63b and the clutch side cam 62b overlap each other in the circumferential direction while avoiding each other in the axial direction.
- the one circumferential side surface 63b1 of the control operation side cam 63b presses the other circumferential side surface 62b2 of the clutch side cam 62b, and the lower release shaft 62 can be rotated.
- control operation side cam 63b is arranged to avoid the manual operation side cam 61b of the upper release shaft 61 in the axial direction or radial direction. This allows the lower release shaft 62 to rotate independently of the upper release shaft 61 when transmitting the input from the clutch actuator 50 to the clutch-side cam 62b. Further, when there is a manual operation, the upper release shaft 61 can be rotated independently of the intermediate release shaft 63 on the control side.
- the other circumferential side surface 63b2 of the control operation side cam 63b and the one circumferential side surface 62b1 of the clutch side cam 62b are separated from each other in the circumferential direction.
- the lower release shaft 62 can rotate independently of the intermediate release shaft 63 when the clutch side cam 62b receives an input from the manual operation side cam 63b.
- clutch actuator 50 rotatably holds upper release shaft 61 and intermediate release shaft 63 with gear case 59 .
- Clutch actuator 50 includes upper release shaft 61 and intermediate release shaft 63 to form an integrated actuator unit 50A.
- the lower release shaft 62 is rotatably held by the right cover 17a.
- An opening 17e and a fastening portion 17f of the gear case 59 are provided in the stepped portion 17d of the cover recess 17c of the right cover 17a.
- the upper end of the lower release shaft 62 protrudes from the opening 17e.
- An opening 59c is provided in a portion of the gear case 59 facing the stepped portion 17d of the recessed cover 17c. The opening 59 c allows the upper end of the lower release shaft 62 to face the inside of the gear case 59 .
- a linear release shaft 53 is constructed.
- the release shaft 53 is configured by connecting an upper release shaft 61, an intermediate release shaft 63, and a lower release shaft 62 to each other.
- the power unit PU of the embodiment can be configured as follows for a manual clutch type power unit in which the connecting and disconnecting operation of the clutch device 26 is not performed by electric control but by the driver's operation. That is, the power unit PU can be configured by replacing the right cover 17a and the release shaft 53 and retrofitting the actuator unit 50A. Therefore, the actuator unit 50A can be attached to a power unit of a different model. Therefore, it is possible to easily configure a semi-automatic transmission system (automatic clutch type transmission system) by sharing the actuator unit 50A among many models.
- the graph in FIG. 12 represents the clutch characteristics in the auto mode M1.
- the vertical axis indicates the torque (Nm) applied to the driven clutch lever 54 and the clutch capacity (%)
- the horizontal axis indicates the operating angle (deg) of the driven clutch lever 54 .
- the operating angle of the driven clutch lever 54 is the operating angle of the lower release shaft 62 .
- the torque of the driven clutch lever 54 is the torque generated by the lower release shaft 62 .
- This torque corresponds to a torque value calculated by multiplying the following primary torque value by the speed reduction ratio of the speed reduction mechanism 51 .
- the primary torque value is obtained based on the current value supplied to the motor 52 from the correlation between the current supplied to the motor 52 and the torque generated by the motor 52 .
- the torque of the driven clutch lever 54 will be referred to as driven clutch lever torque.
- a line L11 in the graph indicates the correlation between the driven clutch lever operating angle and the driven clutch lever torque.
- a line L12 in the graph indicates the correlation between the driven clutch lever operating angle and the clutch capacity.
- the line L11 is also a line indicating the output value (reference output value) of the clutch actuator 50 when the clutch device 26 is engaged and disengaged without intervention of manual operation.
- the one circumferential side surface 61b1 of the manual operation side cam 61b of the release shaft 53 does not press the other circumferential side surface 62b2 of the clutch side cam 62b.
- the manual operation side cam 61b is separated from the clutch side cam 62b by the biasing force of the return spring 54s (indicated by the dashed line in FIG. 8).
- the driven clutch lever 54 is in a play state in which the manual operation side cam 61b can move toward and away from the clutch side cam 62b by an angle A1 in the drawing.
- one circumferential side surface 63b1 of the control operation side cam 63b is in contact with the other circumferential side surface 62b2 of the clutch side cam 62b.
- the driven clutch lever operating angle increases and passes through the play area A
- the driven clutch lever operating angle shifts to the half-clutch area B.
- the driven clutch lever torque starts increasing due to the operation of the motor 52 .
- the control operation side cam 63b presses the clutch side cam 62b, causing the lower release shaft 62 to rotate.
- the release mechanism 38 lifts the clutch device 26 to reduce the clutch capacity. That is, the clutch device 26 is in a half-clutch state in which partial power transmission is possible.
- Symbol SP in FIG. 12 indicates the start position (operation start position) of the operation where the play area A is switched to the half-clutch area B.
- the manual operation side cam 61b contacts the clutch side cam 62b. At this time, the manual operation side cam 61b cooperates with the control operation side cam 63b to rotate the lower release shaft 62 (see FIG. 9B).
- the driven clutch lever torque sharply increases as the driven clutch lever operating angle increases, causing the clutch device 26 to operate to the disengagement side.
- a deceleration region B1 is set in which the increase in the driven clutch lever torque with respect to the increase in the driven clutch lever operating angle is moderate.
- the clutch capacity sharply decreases as the driven clutch lever operating angle increases so as to be inversely proportional to the increase in driven clutch lever torque.
- the clutch capacity slows down as the driven clutch lever torque increases slowly.
- the increase in the driven clutch lever torque becomes more moderate than in the deceleration area B1.
- the region after the touch point TP in the driven clutch lever actuation angle is, for example, a clutch disengagement region C where the clutch capacity remains equivalent to "0".
- the clutch disengagement region C is, for example, an operation margin region for the driven clutch lever 54 and the like to operate up to the mechanical operation limit position.
- the driven clutch lever torque slightly increases. This increment corresponds to the increment of the clutch spring load accompanying the movement of the lift component of the clutch device 26 .
- a standby position DP is set in the middle of the clutch disengagement region C.
- the following driven clutch lever torque is applied.
- the driven clutch lever torque at this time is slightly higher than the torque at the touch point TP at which the clutch device 26 starts to engage.
- some torque transfer may occur due to operating errors.
- the driven clutch lever torque up to the torque of the standby position DP the torque transmission of the clutch device 26 is completely interrupted.
- a driven clutch lever torque slightly lower than that at the full lift position EP is applied, so that the clutch device 26 can be disabled. That is, at the standby position DP, it is possible to cancel the looseness of each part of the clutch device 26 and the reaction force of the action, and the like, and the action response when the clutch device 26 is engaged can be improved.
- the operation start position SP and the touch point TP are determined as follows. That is, the point at which the driven clutch lever torque rises (the starting point of the half-clutch region B) is the operation start position SP.
- a touch point TP is the point at which the clutch device 26 is completely disengaged (the end point of the half-clutch region B).
- the touch point TP and the operation start position SP are determined as follows. That is, the touch point TP is the point at which the clutch device 26 starts to engage. Further, the point at which the clutch device 26 is completely connected is the operation start position SP.
- the drive of motor 52 is controlled based on the lift load.
- the clutch spring load is set in advance.
- the lift load acting on the clutch device 26 (the operation load against the clutch spring load) is estimated according to the driven clutch lever torque.
- the load obtained by subtracting the lift load from the clutch spring load is used as the clutch pressing load that actually acts on the clutch device 26 .
- Clutch capacity is determined by "clutch pressing load/clutch spring load”.
- the electric power supplied to the motor 52 is controlled so that the clutch capacity becomes the target value, and the driven clutch lever torque and thus the lift load are controlled.
- a motor current value and a lever operation angle at each of the operation start position SP and the touch point TP are set to predetermined values in advance. Alternatively, the motor current value and the lever operating angle are set by learning control when the power of the motorcycle 1 is turned on or off, as will be described later.
- sensing configuration is the following configuration. That is, a current sensor 40b is provided in the motor control device (ECU 40), and the detected value is converted into motor torque and further converted into driven clutch lever torque (clutch operation torque).
- the following control is performed until the increment of the driven clutch lever operating angle reaches or exceeds a predetermined angle. That is, the motor 52 is feedback-controlled so that the torque d2 after the driven clutch lever torque is reduced by the threshold value d1 is maintained.
- the current is limited according to the angle after the touch point TP. Therefore, the motor output becomes almost 0 during the current control. Since the load at that time is sufficiently low, it is determined that manual intervention has occurred. As a result, it is possible to prevent a feeling of strangeness due to sudden loss of torque from the motor 52 after the clutch lever is operated.
- the increment of the driven clutch lever operating angle becomes equal to or greater than the specified angle, the driven clutch lever torque is gradually decreased (see G section in the figure). As a result, it is possible to suppress power consumption due to continuous driving of the motor 52 while suppressing the uncomfortable feeling.
- the drive of the motor 52 is controlled based on the lever position (angle).
- the increase in the driven clutch lever torque accompanying the lift of the clutch device 26 is small. Therefore, in the clutch disengagement region C, the electric power supplied to the motor 52 is controlled based on the driven clutch lever operating angle. As a result, it is possible to more finely control the disengagement amount of the clutch device 26 after the touch point TP at which the clutch device 26 starts to be connected.
- the sensing configuration is the following configuration. That is, the first reduction shaft 57 and the second reduction shaft 58 are provided with a first rotation angle sensor 57d and a second rotation angle sensor 58d, respectively. Then, the values detected by these sensors can be converted into driven clutch lever operating angles (clutch operating angles). A pair of the first rotation angle sensor 57d and the second rotation angle sensor 58d are provided for failure, but only one of them may be provided.
- the upper limit of the torque applied by the control operation side cam 63b to the clutch side cam 62b is the torque up to the standby position DP.
- the torque until the clutch-side cam 62b exceeds the standby position DP and reaches the full-lift position EP is applied when the manual operation of gripping the clutch lever intervenes.
- a torque that exceeds the standby position DP is applied from the manual operation side cam 61b to the clutch side cam 62b (see FIG. 10B).
- the control operation side cam 63b is separated from the clutch side cam 62b, and the motor output becomes substantially zero.
- the following control is performed from when the manual operation intervention is detected until the increment of the driven clutch lever operating angle reaches or exceeds a predetermined angle. That is, the motor output is maintained so that the driven clutch lever operating angle maintains the touch point TP, which is the substantial clutch disengagement position. As a result, even if the clutch lever is suddenly released after the intervention of the manual operation, the occurrence of the engine stall is suppressed.
- the driven clutch lever operating angle (the rotation angle of the gear shaft of the reduction mechanism 51) is detected and controlled as follows. In other words, in the region up to the preset (or learned) touch point TP (half-clutch region B), control is performed by increasing the current value reference. In the region after the touch point TP (clutch disengagement region C), the control was performed with an increased reference for the operating angle.
- changes in the current value (converted to torque value) of the motor 52 with respect to the driven clutch lever operating angle are learned (updated) at predetermined timings, and the target value is set according to the state of the clutch device 26. do. Based on this target value and the detection value of the current sensor 40b of the ECU 40, the driving of the motor 52 is feedback-controlled.
- the graph of FIG. 14 shows how the correlation line L11 representing the clutch characteristics shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 changes according to the wear of the clutch plate 35 and the temperature of the engine 13 (for example, coolant temperature).
- the vertical axis indicates driven clutch lever torque (Nm)
- the horizontal axis indicates driven clutch lever operating angle (deg).
- the zero point (operation start position SP and touch point TP) during clutch capacity control is corrected.
- temperature changes affect the motor torque, so the height of the correlation line L11 changes depending on the temperature (see J in the figure). Therefore, for example, 0 point correction is performed in each of a plurality of temperature ranges such as whether or not the engine temperature is 80 degrees or higher (whether or not the engine has been warmed up). The 0 point at this time is stored in the memory and used for the next clutch capacity control.
- the following portion may be learned as the operation start position SP.
- This portion is a portion where the current is ramped up from the clutch play area and the angular velocity of the rotation angle sensor accelerates and then decelerates (the maximum velocity).
- the following portions may be learned as touch points TP. This portion is a portion where the angular velocity of the rotation angle sensor starts decelerating from the point where the current is decreased by the ramp from the clutch disengaged state (holding in the region) (the portion where the angular velocity reaches the maximum speed).
- the motor current and lever operating angle at the touch point TP and the like are learned each time the motorcycle 1 is powered on or off. This makes it possible to perform control using the touch point TP or the like with high accuracy. It is also possible to predict (detect) wear of the clutch plate 35 . From the relationship between the lever operating angle and the motor current, the motor current and lever operating angle at the touch point TP at which the clutch device 26 starts to engage are learned. This makes it possible to perform clutch control in consideration of the effects of friction, wear, and temperature.
- the clutch control device in the above embodiment provides the clutch device 26 for connecting and disconnecting power transmission between the engine 13 and the transmission 21 and the driving force for operating the clutch device 26.
- a clutch actuator 50 that outputs an output and an ECU 40 that drives and controls the clutch actuator 50 are provided.
- the ECU 40 enables intervention of manual operation by a clutch operating element during automatic control of the clutch device 26 by driving the clutch actuator 50, and when there is an intervention of the manual operation, a predetermined manual operation intervention is performed. Transfer to control.
- the ECU 40 sets a reference output value (line L11) of the clutch actuator 50 without intervention of the manual operation.
- the ECU 40 detects a difference equal to or greater than a predetermined value d1 between the reference output value and the actually measured output value of the clutch actuator 50, it detects that the manual intervention has occurred. .
- a predetermined value d1 between the reference output value and the actually measured output value of the clutch actuator 50.
- This case is a case where the actual measurement value of the current output value of the clutch actuator 50 has a difference of a specified value or more from the reference output value of the clutch actuator 50 .
- the reference output value is the output value of the clutch actuator 50 in a state in which manual operation is not intervened.
- the automatic clutch control can be switched to the manual intervention control at any timing by the driver's operation.
- the ECU 40 maintains the output value of the clutch actuator 50 at the time of detection within a predetermined condition when detecting the intervention of the manual operation. According to this configuration, it is possible to suppress the driver's sense of discomfort due to the sudden disappearance of the output value of the clutch actuator 50 when the manual operation is intervened. Also, at this time, it is possible to appropriately shift to manual operation intervention control.
- the ECU 40 when the ECU 40 detects intervention of the manual operation, the ECU 40 maintains the output value of the clutch actuator 50 at the time of this detection until the manual operation amount reaches a predetermined value. gradually decrease the output value. According to this configuration, it is possible to suppress the driver's sense of discomfort due to the sudden disappearance of the output value of the clutch actuator 50 when the manual operation is intervened. Also, at this time, the power consumption due to the continuous output of the clutch actuator 50 can be suppressed.
- the ECU 40 maintains the clutch disengaged state within predetermined conditions when detecting the intervention of the manual operation when the clutch is disengaged by automatic control. According to this configuration, when a manual operation intervenes when the clutch is disengaged by automatic control, the following effects can be obtained by maintaining the disengaged state of the clutch for a predetermined period of time. That is, it is possible to suppress the influence of abrupt clutch engagement operation after manual operation.
- a pair of meshing gears such as the second small-diameter gear 58b and the driven gear 63a are configured by gears (for example, helical gears, bevel gears, etc.) whose axial directions are perpendicular to each other.
- the shafts of the motor 52 and the speed reduction mechanism 51 and the release shaft 53 are arranged so that their axial directions are perpendicular to each other. Further, the shafts of the motor 52 and the speed reduction mechanism 51 and the clutch device 26 are arranged parallel to each other in the axial direction. As a result, even when a large-diameter reduction gear is provided in the speed reduction mechanism 51 to increase the speed reduction ratio, the speed reduction mechanism 51 is particularly prevented from projecting outward in the vehicle width direction while the speed reduction gear is kept as a simple circular shape. be able to.
- the motor 52 having a large axial dimension can be arranged so as to protrude in the vehicle width direction of the speed reduction mechanism 51 while avoiding the right cover 17a, the crankcase 15, and the like.
- the space on the side or rear of the cylinder 16 can be utilized to secure the space for arranging the motor 52, and the clutch actuator 150 can be efficiently arranged.
- the appearance of the clutch unit can be improved by reducing the size of the clutch unit when viewed from the side of the vehicle.
- the clutch operator is not limited to the clutch lever, and may be a clutch pedal or other various operators.
- the clutch device is not limited to being arranged between the engine and the transmission, and may be arranged between the prime mover and any output object other than the transmission.
- the prime mover is not limited to an internal combustion engine, and may be an electric motor.
- the application is not limited to a saddle type vehicle in which the clutch operation is automated as in the above embodiment.
- a saddle-riding vehicle (a so-called saddle-riding vehicle equipped with a transmission that does not require a clutch operation) can shift gears by adjusting the driving force without manual clutch operation under predetermined conditions. type vehicle).
- the saddle type vehicle includes all vehicles in which the driver straddles the vehicle body, not only motorcycles (including motorized bicycles and scooter type vehicles), but also three-wheeled vehicles (one front wheel and two rear wheels). In addition, vehicles with two front wheels and one rear wheel are also included) or four-wheel vehicles, and vehicles including an electric motor as a prime mover are also included.
- the configuration in the above embodiment is an example of the present invention, and various modifications are possible without departing from the gist of the invention.
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- Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本願は、2021年3月31日に、日本に出願された特願2021-062061号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
ところで、油圧を介したクラッチ制御では、油圧を発生するアクチュエータを含む油圧回路が必要となり、コストアップが大きい。そこで、油圧を介さず電気モータで直接的にレリーズ機構を作動させる構成が検討されている。この場合、既存のマニュアル操作も介入させやすい。一方で、任意のタイミングのマニュアル操作を効率よく検知可能な構成が要望されている。
上記態様において、前記制御部(40)は、前記マニュアル操作があったことを検知した場合には、予め定めたマニュアル操作介入制御に移行してもよい。
上記構成によれば、以下の場合に、マニュアル操作の介入があったものと判定し、マニュアル操作介入制御に移行することができる。その場合とは、クラッチアクチュエータの基準出力値に対し、現在のクラッチアクチュエータの出力値の実測値が規定以上の差を持つ場合である。前記基準出力値とは、マニュアル操作が介入しない状態でのクラッチアクチュエータの出力値である。
このように、任意のタイミングのマニュアル操作の介入を効率よく検知可能とすることで、以下の効果を奏する。すなわち、運転者の操作による任意のタイミングで、自動クラッチ制御からマニュアル介入制御への切り替えを実現することができる。
この構成によれば、マニュアル操作の介入時に、クラッチアクチュエータの出力値が急に消失することによる運転者の違和感を抑えることができる。また、このとき、適宜マニュアル操作介入制御に移行することができる。
この構成によれば、マニュアル操作の介入時に、クラッチアクチュエータの出力値が急に消失することによる運転者の違和感を抑えることができる。また、このとき、クラッチアクチュエータの出力が続くことによる電力消費を抑えることができる。
この構成によれば、自動制御によるクラッチ切断時にマニュアル操作が介入したとき、所定の間はクラッチ切断状態を維持することで、以下の効果を奏する。すなわち、マニュアル操作後に急なクラッチ接続操作がなされることの影響を抑えることができる。
図1に示すように、本実施形態は、鞍乗り型車両の一例としての自動二輪車1に適用されている。自動二輪車1の前輪2は、左右一対のフロントフォーク3の下端部に支持されている。左右フロントフォーク3の上部は、ステアリングステム4を介して、車体フレーム5の前端部のヘッドパイプ6に支持されている。ステアリングステム4のトップブリッジ上には、バータイプの操向ハンドル4aが取り付けられている。
図2を併せて参照し、変速機21は、有段式のトランスミッションである。変速機21は、メインシャフト22およびカウンタシャフト23ならびに両シャフト22,23に跨る変速ギヤ群24を有する。カウンタシャフト23は、変速機21ひいてはパワーユニットPUの出力軸を構成している。カウンタシャフト23の左端部は、変速機ケース17の後部左側に突出し、前記チェーン式伝動機構を介して後輪12に連結されている。
図3に示すように、上記変速システム30は、クラッチアクチュエータ50、ECU40(Electronic Control Unit、制御部)、各種センサ41~46,57d,58d、各種装置47,48,50を備えている。
ECU40は、点火装置47および燃料噴射装置48を作動制御するとともに、クラッチアクチュエータ50を作動制御する。この制御は、加速度センサ41、ギヤポジションセンサ42、およびシフト荷重センサ43(例えばトルクセンサ)からの検知情報、ならびにスロットル開度センサ44、車速センサ45およびエンジン回転数センサ46等からの各種の車両状態検知情報等に基づいてなされる。
加速度センサ41は、車体の挙動を検知する。ギヤポジションセンサ42は、シフトドラム32の回転角から変速段を検知する。シフト荷重センサ43は、チェンジ機構25のシフトスピンドル31(図2参照)に入力された操作トルクを検知する。スロットル開度センサ44は、スロットル開度を検知する。車速センサ45は、車速を検知する。エンジン回転数センサ46は、エンジン回転数を検知する。
図2、図11に示すように、実施形態のクラッチ装置26は、複数のクラッチ板35を軸方向で積層した多板クラッチであり、右カバー17a内の油室に配置された湿式クラッチである。クラッチ装置26は、クラッチアウタ33と、クラッチセンタ34と、複数のクラッチ板35と、を備えている。
クラッチアウタ33は、クランクシャフト14から回転動力が常時伝達されて駆動する。クラッチセンタ34は、クラッチアウタ33内に配置されてメインシャフト22に一体回転可能に支持される。複数のクラッチ板35は、クラッチアウタ33及びクラッチセンタ34の間に積層されてこれらを摩擦係合させる。
図2、図11に示すように、レリーズ機構38は、リフターシャフト39と、レリーズシャフト53と、を備えている。
リフターシャフト39は、メインシャフト22の右側部内に軸方向で往復動可能に保持される。レリーズシャフト53は、リフターシャフト39と軸方向を直交させて配置され、右カバー17aの外側部に軸心回りに回動可能に保持される。
図中線C3は、上下方向に延びるレリーズシャフト53の中心軸線を示す。レリーズシャフト53は、メインシャフト22の軸方向視(車両側面視)で、垂直方向に対して上側ほど後側に位置するように軸方向を後傾させている(図1参照)。レリーズシャフト53の上部は、右カバー17aの外側に突出し、このレリーズシャフト53の上部に、従動クラッチレバー54が一体回転可能に取り付けられている。従動クラッチレバー54は、前記クラッチレバーと操作ケーブル(不図示)を介して連結されている。
図4に示すように、本実施形態のクラッチ制御装置40Aは、三種のクラッチ制御モードを有している。クラッチ制御モードは、自動制御を行うオートモードM1、手動操作を行うマニュアルモードM2、および一時的な手動操作を行うマニュアル介入モードM3、を有している。クラッチ制御モードは、前記三種のモード間で、クラッチ制御モード切替スイッチ49(図3参照)およびクラッチ操作子の操作に応じて適宜遷移する。なお、マニュアルモードM2およびマニュアル介入モードM3を含む対象をマニュアル系M2Aという。
図1に示す自動二輪車1において、操向ハンドル4aの左グリップの基端側(車幅方向内側)には、クラッチ手動操作子としてのクラッチレバー(不図示)が取り付けられている。
図2を併せて参照し、前記クラッチレバーは、クラッチ装置26のレリーズシャフト53に取り付けられた従動クラッチレバー54に対し、操作ケーブル(不図示)を介して連結されている。従動クラッチレバー54は、レリーズシャフト53における右カバー17aの上部に突出した上端部に、一体回転可能に取り付けられている。
図1に示すように、クランクケース15右側の右カバー17aの後上部には、クラッチアクチュエータ50が取り付けられている。
図5、図6を併せて参照し、クラッチアクチュエータ50は、モータ52と、減速機構51と、を備えている。
モータ52は、例えばDCモータであり、例えばレリーズシャフト53と軸方向を平行にして配置されている。モータ52は、駆動軸55を上方に突出させるように配置されている。減速機構51は、モータ52の駆動力をレリーズシャフト53に伝達する。
駆動ギヤ55aは、各モータ521,522の駆動軸55に一体に設けられる。第一リダクションギヤ57aは、各駆動ギヤ55aが噛み合う。第一小径ギヤ57bは、第一リダクションギヤ57aと同軸に設けられる。第二リダクションギヤ58aは、第一小径ギヤ57bが噛み合う。第二小径ギヤ58bは、第二リダクションギヤ58aと同軸に設けられる。被動ギヤ63aは、第二小径ギヤ58bが噛み合う。ギヤケース59は、各ギヤを収容する。
図15~図17に示すように、クラッチアクチュエータ50は、車両側面視で、燃料タンク18右側のニーグリップ部18aの鉛直下方に配置されている。クラッチアクチュエータ50は、図16の車両上面視で、燃料タンク18右側のニーグリップ部18aよりも車幅方向外側に張り出して配置されている。図中線L1は、運転者の脚の大腿部、線L2は、膝から下の下腿部、線L3は、足首から先の足部をそれぞれイメージしている。
図6~図8に示すように、レリーズシャフト53は、クラッチアクチュエータ50からの入力と、乗員の操作による入力と、を個別に受けて回動可能とするために、複数の要素に分割されている。
レリーズシャフト53は、上部を構成する上部レリーズシャフト61と、下部を構成する下部レリーズシャフト62と、中間レリーズシャフト63と、を備えている。中間レリーズシャフト63は、上部レリーズシャフト61の下端部と下部レリーズシャフト62の上端部とに跨って配置される。
下部レリーズシャフト62の上端部には、断面扇形をなして軸方向に延びるクラッチ側カム62bが設けられている。クラッチ側カム62bは、周方向又は軸方向で手動操作側カム61bを避けた範囲に設けられている。
中間レリーズシャフト63には、断面扇形をなして軸方向に延びる制御操作側カム63bが設けられている。
中間レリーズシャフト63の制御操作側カム63bは、以下の部位に対して、軸方向でクリアランスを空けて係合している。その部位とは、上部レリーズシャフト61の手動操作側カム61b、および下部レリーズシャフト62のクラッチ側カム62bである。
また、被動ギヤ63aは、第二小径ギヤ58bにギヤ歯を接触させるのみである。これにより、制御ギヤである被動ギヤ63aのフリクションを極力低減し、レリーズシャフト53の制御の精度を向上させている。
次に、実施形態のクラッチ制御について、図12のグラフを参照して説明する。図12のグラフは、前記オートモードM1におけるクラッチ特性をイメージしている。図12のグラフにおいて、縦軸は従動クラッチレバー54に付与されるトルク(Nm)およびクラッチ容量(%)、横軸は従動クラッチレバー54の作動角(deg)をそれぞれ示している。従動クラッチレバー54の作動角は、下部レリーズシャフト62の作動角である。
以下、従動クラッチレバー54のトルクを従動クラッチレバートルクという。従動クラッチレバー作動角と従動クラッチレバートルクとの相関をグラフ中線L11で示す。従動クラッチレバー作動角とクラッチ容量との相関をグラフ中線L12で示す。線L11は、マニュアル操作が介入しない状態でクラッチ装置26を断接する際の、クラッチアクチュエータ50の出力値(基準出力値)を示す線でもある。
半クラッチ領域Bにおいて、クラッチ容量は、従動クラッチレバートルクの増加に反比例するように、従動クラッチレバー作動角の増加に伴い急峻に減少する。半クラッチ領域Bの初期の減速領域B1において、クラッチ容量は、従動クラッチレバートルクの増加が緩やかなることに伴い、減少を緩やかにする。
逆に、クラッチ装置26が切断状態から接続側へ作動する際、タッチポイントTPおよび作動開始位置SPは以下のように定まる。すなわち、クラッチ装置26が接続し始めるポイントがタッチポイントTPである。また、クラッチ装置26が完全に接続するポイントが作動開始位置SPである。
係る制御では、まず、クラッチスプリング37の弾発力に基づき、予めクラッチスプリング荷重を設定する。次に、従動クラッチレバートルクに応じて、クラッチ装置26に作用するリフト荷重(クラッチスプリング荷重に抗する操作荷重)を推定する。そして、クラッチスプリング荷重からリフト荷重を減じた荷重を、実際にクラッチ装置26に作用させるクラッチ押付荷重とする。
前述のように、クラッチ切断領域Cでは、クラッチ装置26のリフトに伴う従動クラッチレバートルクの増加が少ない。このため、クラッチ切断領域Cでは、従動クラッチレバー作動角に基づき、モータ52への供給電力を制御する。これにより、クラッチ装置26が接続を開始するタッチポイントTP以降において、クラッチ装置26の切れ量をより細かく制御することが可能となる。
実施形態では、従動クラッチレバー作動角(減速機構51のギヤ軸の回転角)を検出し、以下のように制御する。すなわち、予め設定した(又は学習した)タッチポイントTPまでの領域(半クラッチ領域B)では、電流値の基準を増した制御とした。タッチポイントTP以降の領域(クラッチ切断領域C)では、作動角の基準を増した制御とした。
また、実施形態では、従動クラッチレバー作動角に対するモータ52の電流値(トルク値に換算)の変化を、予め定めたタイミングで学習(更新)し、クラッチ装置26の状況に応じた目標値を設定する。この目標値とECU40の電流センサ40bの検出値とに基づき、モータ52の駆動がフィードバック制御される。
次に、実施形態のタッチポイントTP等における電流と角度とを学習する制御について、図14のグラフを参照して説明する。図14のグラフは、図12、図13に示したクラッチ特性を示す相関線L11が、クラッチ板35の摩耗やエンジン13の温度(例えば冷却水温)に応じて変化する様を示す。図14において、縦軸は従動クラッチレバートルク(Nm)、横軸は従動クラッチレバー作動角(deg)をそれぞれ示している。
別案として、以下の部分を作動開始位置SPとして学習してもよい。その部分とは、クラッチ遊び領域からから電流をランプで増加させ、前記回転角度センサの角速度が加速したところから減速し始める部分(最高速度になる部分)である。
逆に、以下の部分をタッチポイントTPとして学習してもよい。その部分とは、クラッチ切断状態(領域で保持)からランプで電流を減少させ、前記回転角度センサの角速度が加速したところから減速し始める部分(最高速度になる部分)である。
レバー作動角とモータ電流との関係から、クラッチ装置26が接続を開始するタッチポイントTPでのモータ電流とレバー作動角とを学習する。これにより、フリクションや磨耗、温度の影響を踏まえて、クラッチ制御を行うことが可能となる。
この構成によれば、以下の場合に、マニュアル操作の介入があったものと判定し、マニュアル操作介入制御に移行することができる。その場合とは、クラッチアクチュエータ50の基準出力値に対し、現在のクラッチアクチュエータ50の出力値の実測値が規定以上の差を持つ場合である。前記基準出力値とは、マニュアル操作が介入しない状態でのクラッチアクチュエータ50の出力値である。これにより、運転者の操作による任意のタイミングで、自動クラッチ制御からマニュアル介入制御への切り替えを実現することができる。
この構成によれば、マニュアル操作の介入時に、クラッチアクチュエータ50の出力値が急に消失することによる運転者の違和感を抑えることができる。また、このとき、適宜マニュアル操作介入制御に移行することができる。
この構成によれば、マニュアル操作の介入時に、クラッチアクチュエータ50の出力値が急に消失することによる運転者の違和感を抑えることができる。また、このとき、クラッチアクチュエータ50の出力が続くことによる電力消費を抑えることができる。
この構成によれば、自動制御によるクラッチ切断時にマニュアル操作が介入したとき、所定の間はクラッチ切断状態を維持することで、以下の効果を奏する。すなわち、マニュアル操作後に急なクラッチ接続操作がなされることの影響を抑えることができる。
ここで、図18、図19を参照し、クラッチアクチュエータ50の変形例について説明する。
上記実施形態のクラッチアクチュエータ50は、モータ52および減速機構51の各軸とレリーズシャフト53とを、互いに軸方向を平行にして配置している。これに対し、図18、図19の変形例のクラッチアクチュエータ150は、モータ52および減速機構51の各軸とレリーズシャフト53とを、互いに軸方向を直交させた配置としている。変形例では、例えば、第二小径ギヤ58bおよび被動ギヤ63aといった互いに噛み合うギヤ対を、互いに軸方向を直交させるギヤ(例えばねじ歯車やかさ歯車等)で構成している。
これにより、車両側面視で外観されるクラッチユニットのサイズを抑えて、外観性を向上させることができる。また、エンジン13側部に張り出すクラッチユニットのボリュームを抑えて、車体バンク角への影響を抑えることができる。
上記実施形態のようにクラッチ操作を自動化した鞍乗り型車両への適用に限らない。例えば、マニュアルクラッチ操作を基本としながら、所定の条件下でマニュアルクラッチ操作を行わずに、駆動力を調整して変速を可能とする鞍乗り型車両(いわゆるクラッチ操作レスの変速装置を備える鞍乗り型車両)にも適用可能である。
また、前記鞍乗り型車両には、運転者が車体を跨いで乗車する車両全般が含まれ、自動二輪車(原動機付自転車及びスクータ型車両を含む)のみならず、三輪(前一輪かつ後二輪の他に、前二輪かつ後一輪の車両も含む)又は四輪の車両も含まれ、かつ電気モータを原動機に含む車両も含まれる。
そして、上記実施形態における構成は本発明の一例であり、当該発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変更が可能である。
13 エンジン(原動機)
21 変速機(出力対象)
26 クラッチ装置
40 ECU(制御部)
40A クラッチ制御装置
50,150 クラッチアクチュエータ
Claims (5)
- 原動機(13)と出力対象(21)との間との間の動力伝達を断接するクラッチ装置(26)と、
前記クラッチ装置(26)を作動させるための駆動力を出力するクラッチアクチュエータ(50)と、
前記クラッチアクチュエータ(50)を駆動制御する制御部(40)と、
前記クラッチ装置(26)を前記クラッチアクチュエータ(50)の駆動に関わらず作動可能なクラッチ操作子と、を備え、
前記制御部(40)は、前記クラッチ装置(26)を作動させる前記クラッチアクチュエータ(50)の基準出力値と、前記クラッチアクチュエータ(50)の出力値の実測値と、の間に、予め定めた値以上の差を検知したときは、前記クラッチ操作子によるマニュアル操作があったことを検知するクラッチ制御装置。 - 前記制御部(40)は、前記マニュアル操作があったことを検知した場合には、予め定めたマニュアル操作介入制御に移行する請求項1に記載のクラッチ制御装置。
- 前記制御部(40)は、前記マニュアル操作の介入を検知したとき、この検知時の前記クラッチアクチュエータ(50)の出力値を、予め定めた条件内で維持する請求項1又は2に記載のクラッチ制御装置。
- 前記制御部(40)は、前記マニュアル操作の介入を検知したとき、この検知時の前記クラッチアクチュエータ(50)の出力値を、マニュアル操作量が予め定めた値になるまで維持し、その後に徐々に出力値を低下させる請求項3に記載のクラッチ制御装置。
- 前記制御部(40)は、自動制御によるクラッチ切断時に前記マニュアル操作の介入を検知したとき、クラッチ切断状態を予め定めた条件内で維持する請求項1から4の何れか一項に記載のクラッチ制御装置。
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| JP2005249188A (ja) * | 2004-02-05 | 2005-09-15 | Tochigi Fuji Ind Co Ltd | 動力伝達装置 |
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| JP7462107B2 (ja) | 2024-04-04 |
| JPWO2022209634A1 (ja) | 2022-10-06 |
| DE112022000764T5 (de) | 2023-11-09 |
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