WO2022266868A1 - Beam tracking method and related device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application provides a beam tracking method and a related device. The method comprises: determining an analog beam of the n-th time slot according to an analog beam of the (n-1)-th time slot, n being an integer greater than or equal to 3; calculating a communication rate of the n-th time slot according to the analog beam of the n-th time slot; if the difference between the communication rate of the n-th time slot and a target communication rate is not greater than a first preset threshold, determining the analog beam of the n-th time slot as an analog beam corresponding to a target signal to interference plus noise ratio, the target communication rate being determined according to the target signal to interference plus noise ratio; or, if n is not less than a second preset threshold, determining an analog beam of a target time slot as the analog beam corresponding to the target signal to interference plus noise ratio, the target time slot being a time slot having a maximum communication rate among the first time slot to the n-th time slot, wherein the analog beams and the communication rates of the first time slot and the second time slot are preset. By means of the present application, the time delay of beam tracking can be reduced.

Description

Beam tracking method and related equipment technical field

The present application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular to a beam tracking method and related equipment.

Background technique

Millimeter wave communication is a very promising technology in the future 5G construction, because it can bring huge available bandwidth and greatly increase the data transmission rate, but millimeter wave communication still has many serious problems. According to relevant research, the propagation of electromagnetic waves in free space is inversely proportional to the wavelength, and there must be huge energy loss in the process of millimeter wave propagation. For example, due to the absorption of millimeter waves by the atmosphere, the loss of millimeter waves with a frequency of 60 GHz can reach 10 dB/Km, while the loss of electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 700 MHz is only 0.01 dB/Km. Therefore, mmWave communication suffers from a large energy loss; especially for mobile communication, changing mobile devices can cause a rapid drop in mmWave signal energy.

Future wireless communication services will be based on multi-antenna and multi-user technologies to increase communication capacity, achieve diversity, and increase multiplexing gain. Due to the short wavelength of millimeter wave, millimeter wave communication equipment can arrange a large number of antennas in a small area, and use beamforming technology to achieve higher spatial signal gain to compensate for the path loss of millimeter wave communication. However, the multiple-input multiple-output (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO) system with multiple antennas uses beamforming technology to form narrow beams. In order to achieve reliable communication, each RF chain should select a suitable analog beam to ensure high-quality Communication rates, especially if users are constantly on the move. Because under the mmWave communication system, even a slight environmental change or beam misalignment can cause significant signal degradation. Therefore, an efficient beam selection and tracking strategy is very important to ensure the performance of millimeter wave mobile communication.

Traditional exhaustive beam search scans all possible beam pairs in the beam space to achieve the best performance, but exhaustive search consumes a lot of time and brings inevitable communication delay. In order to solve the time-consuming problem in exhaustive search, a hierarchical search method is proposed. Hierarchical search first uses the wide beam to identify the best beam direction, then uses the high-resolution beam to find a more precise beam direction in the area. Hierarchical search can greatly speed up the beam search, but in the search process of wide beam, it may wrongly select the area because of the low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and in this wrong area Continue to perform finer searches in the middle, resulting in a significant decrease in communication performance. In addition, as the number of communication user equipments continues to increase, for both exhaustive search and hierarchical search, finding the beam combination with optimal performance will bring unacceptable delay to real-time communication.

Contents of the invention

Embodiments of the present application provide a beam tracking method and related equipment, which can reduce the time delay of beam tracking.

In the first aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a beam tracking method, including: determining the analog beam of the nth time slot according to the analog beam of the n-1th time slot, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 3; Calculate the communication rate of the nth time slot according to the analog beam of the nth time slot; if the difference between the communication rate of the nth time slot and the target communication rate is not greater than the first preset threshold, then Determining that the analog beam of the nth time slot is the analog beam corresponding to the target SINR; the target communication rate is determined according to the target SINR; or, if the n is not less than the second preset If the threshold is set, it is determined that the analog beam of the target time slot is the analog beam corresponding to the target SINR, and the target time slot is the time slot with the highest communication rate from the first time slot to the nth time slot ; Wherein, the analog beams and the communication rate of the first time slot and the second time slot are preset.

In the embodiment of the present application, the analog beam of the nth time slot is selected according to the analog beam of the n-1th time slot, and then the real-time communication rate of the nth time slot is calculated according to the analog beam of the nth time slot, And compare the real-time communication rate of the nth time slot with the target communication rate determined according to the target SINR, if the difference between the real-time communication rate of the nth time slot and the target communication rate is not greater than the first The preset threshold indicates that the real-time communication rate of the nth time slot is close to the target communication rate, then the simulated beam of the nth time slot can be used as the simulated beam corresponding to the target SINR, and the simulated beam of the nth time slot Communication is carried out on the beam to ensure reliable communication; in addition, in order to avoid the time delay caused by too many times of beam tracking, the maximum number of tracking times of beam tracking is also set, that is, the second preset threshold, if n is not less than the second preset threshold, it means When the number of beam tracking reaches the maximum number of tracking times, it is true that the analog beam of the time slot with the highest communication rate from the first time slot to the nth time slot is used as the analog beam corresponding to the target SINR. The communication is carried out on the analog beam of the time slot to ensure reliable communication. In this way, the beam tracking solution provided by the present application does not need exhaustive beam search or wide beam search, so the time delay of beam tracking can be reduced.

In a possible implementation manner, before determining the analog beam of the nth time slot according to the analog beam of the n-1th time slot, the method further includes: The pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot determines the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot, and the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is used to determine the analog beam of the nth time slot; if at least one of the following is satisfied item, then the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is reset to the initial pseudo partial derivative vector, and the initial pseudo partial derivative vector is preset: the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot The square of the norm of is less than or equal to the third preset threshold, the square of the norm of the analog beam of the n-1th time slot is less than or equal to the third preset threshold, the nth time slot The sign of any element in the pseudo partial derivative vector is different from the sign of the corresponding element in the initial pseudo partial derivative vector; wherein, the pseudo partial derivative vector of the third time slot is determined according to the initial pseudo partial derivative vector.

In a possible implementation manner, the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is determined by the following formula:

表示所述第n个时隙的伪偏导数向量的估计值，

表示所述第n-1个时隙的伪偏导数向量的估计值，η表示步长常量，Δζ(n-1)表示所述第n-1个时隙的模拟波束与第n-2个时隙的模拟波束之间的差，μ表示大于0的权重因子，ΔR(n-1)表示所述第n-1个时隙的通信速率与所述第n-2个时隙的通信速率之间的差，上标T表示转置。 in,

represents the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth slot,

Represent the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the n-1th time slot, n represents a step size constant, Δζ(n-1) represents the simulated beam of the n-1th time slot and the n-2th The difference between the analog beams of the time slot, μ represents a weight factor greater than 0, ΔR(n-1) represents the communication rate of the n-1th time slot and the communication rate of the n-2th time slot The difference between the superscript T means transpose.

In a possible implementation manner, the analog beam of the nth time slot is determined by the following formula:

表示所述第n个时隙的伪偏导数向量的估计值，λ表示权重因子，R ^*表示所述目标通信速率，R(n-1)表示所述第n-1个时隙的通信速率。 Wherein, ζ(n) represents the simulated beam of the nth time slot, ζ(n-1) represents the simulated beam of the n-1th time slot, and ρ represents a step constant,

Represents the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot, λ represents a weight factor, R ^* represents the target communication rate, and R(n-1) represents the communication rate of the n-1th time slot .

In a possible implementation manner, the communication rate of the nth time slot is calculated by the following formula:

Wherein, R(n) represents the communication rate of the nth time slot, Q represents the number of terminals, k represents the kth terminal, and γ _k represents the SINR of the kth terminal; the expression of γ _k is as follows Shown:

表示矩阵

中第k行第k列的元素，上标H表示共轭转置，

表示第k个终端等效的上行信道向量；

的表达式如下所示： Among them, P represents the maximum transmission power of the uplink signal, N ₀ represents the power of noise,

representation matrix

The element in row k and column k in , superscript H means conjugate transpose,

Indicates the equivalent uplink channel vector of the kth terminal;

The expression for is as follows:

Wherein, G represents the receiving phase shift matrix, H _k represents the uplink channel matrix of the k-th terminal, c _k represents the analog beam of the k-th terminal, and the analog beam of the n-th time slot includes c _k .

In the second aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a beam tracking device, including: a determining unit, configured to determine the analog beam of the nth time slot according to the analog beam of the n-1th time slot, where n is greater than or An integer equal to 3; a calculation unit, used to calculate the communication rate of the nth time slot according to the analog beam of the nth time slot; the determination unit is also used for if the communication rate of the nth time slot If the difference between the target communication rate is not greater than the first preset threshold, then it is determined that the analog beam of the nth time slot is the analog beam corresponding to the target signal-to-interference-noise ratio; the target communication rate is based on the target The signal-to-interference-noise ratio is determined; or, if the n is not less than the second preset threshold, it is determined that the analog beam of the target time slot is the analog beam corresponding to the target signal-to-interference-noise ratio, and the target time slot is the first The time slot with the highest communication rate from the first time slot to the nth time slot; wherein, the analog beams and communication rates of the first time slot and the second time slot are preset.

In a possible implementation manner, the determining unit is further configured to: before determining the analog beam of the nth time slot according to the analog beam of the n-1th time slot, according to the The pseudo partial derivative vector of the time slot determines the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot, and the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is used to determine the analog beam of the nth time slot; if the following is satisfied At least one item, then the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is reset to the initial pseudo partial derivative vector, and the initial pseudo partial derivative vector is preset: the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot The square of the norm of the derivative vector is less than or equal to a third preset threshold, the square of the norm of the analog beam of the n-1th time slot is less than or equal to the third preset threshold, and the nth time slot The sign of any element in the pseudo partial derivative vector of the slot is different from the sign of the corresponding element in the initial pseudo partial derivative vector; wherein, the pseudo partial derivative vector of the third time slot is determined according to the initial pseudo partial derivative vector of.

In a possible implementation manner, the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is determined by the following formula:

表示所述第n个时隙的伪偏导数向量的估计值，

表示所述第n-1个时隙的伪偏导数向量的估计值，η表示步长常量，Δζ(n-1)表示所述第n-1个时隙的模拟波束与第n-2个时隙的模拟波束之间的差，μ表示大于0的权重因子，ΔR(n-1)表示所述第 n-1个时隙的通信速率与所述第n-2个时隙的通信速率之间的差，上标T表示转置。 in,

represents the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth slot,

Represent the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the n-1th time slot, n represents a step size constant, Δζ(n-1) represents the simulated beam of the n-1th time slot and the n-2th The difference between the analog beams of the time slot, μ represents a weight factor greater than 0, ΔR(n-1) represents the communication rate of the n-1th time slot and the communication rate of the n-2th time slot The difference between the superscript T means transpose.

In a possible implementation manner, the analog beam of the nth time slot is determined by the following formula:

表示所述第n个时隙的伪偏导数向量的估计值，λ表示权重因子，R ^*表示所述目标通信速率，R(n-1)表示所述第n-1个时隙的通信速率。 Wherein, ζ(n) represents the simulated beam of the nth time slot, ζ(n-1) represents the simulated beam of the n-1th time slot, and ρ represents a step constant,

Represents the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot, λ represents a weight factor, R ^* represents the target communication rate, and R(n-1) represents the communication rate of the n-1th time slot .

In a possible implementation manner, the communication rate of the nth time slot is calculated by the following formula:

Wherein, R(n) represents the communication rate of the nth time slot, Q represents the number of terminals, k represents the kth terminal, and γ _k represents the SINR of the kth terminal; the expression of γ _k is as follows Shown:

表示矩阵

中第k行第k列的元素，上标H表示共轭转置，

表示第k个终端等效的上行信道向量；

的表达式如下所示： Among them, P represents the maximum transmission power of the uplink signal, N ₀ represents the power of noise,

representation matrix

The element in row k and column k in , superscript H means conjugate transpose,

Indicates the equivalent uplink channel vector of the kth terminal;

The expression for is as follows:

Wherein, G represents the receiving phase shift matrix, H _k represents the uplink channel matrix of the k-th terminal, c _k represents the analog beam of the k-th terminal, and the analog beam of the n-th time slot includes c _k .

It should be noted that, for the beneficial effects of the second aspect, please refer to the related description of the first aspect.

In a third aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a network device, including a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and one or more programs, the one or more programs are stored in the memory, and configured to be processed by the above executed by a computer, and the above program includes instructions for executing the steps in the method according to any one of the above first aspects.

In the fourth aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a chip, which is characterized in that it includes: a processor, configured to call and run a computer program from the memory, so that the device installed with the above-mentioned chip executes any one of the above-mentioned first aspects. method above.

In the fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program for electronic data exchange, wherein the computer program enables the computer to execute the method described in any one of the above-mentioned first aspects .

In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, which enables a computer to execute the method described in any one of the above first aspects.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a beam tracking method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 3 is a beam tracking effect diagram using the technical solution of the present application;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a beam tracking device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

detailed description

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiment of the application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiment of the application. Obviously, the described embodiment is only It is a part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of this application.

The terms "first", "second" and the like in the specification and claims of the present application and the above drawings are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "include" and "have", as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally also includes unlisted steps or units, or optionally further includes For other steps or units inherent in these processes, methods, products or devices.

Reference herein to an "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The occurrences of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood explicitly and implicitly by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: global system for mobile communications (global system for mobile communications, GSM) system, code division multiple access (code division multiple access, CDMA) system, wideband code division multiple access (wideband code division multiple access, WCDMA) system, general packet radio service (general packet radio service, GPRS), long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) system, LTE frequency division duplex (frequency division duplex, FDD) system, LTE Time division duplex (time division duplex, TDD), universal mobile telecommunications system (universal mobile telecommunications system, UMTS), global interconnection microwave access (worldwide interoperability for microwave access, WiMAX) communication system, the future fifth generation (5th generation, 5G) system or new radio (new radio, NR), etc.

The terminal in the embodiment of the present application may refer to user equipment, access terminal, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent or user device. The terminal can also be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (session initiation protocol, SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (wireless local loop, WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant, PDA), with a wireless communication function Handheld devices, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, relay devices, vehicle-mounted devices, wearable devices, terminals in future 5G networks or future evolved public land mobile networks (PLMN) The terminals and the like in this application are not limited in this embodiment.

The network device in the embodiment of the present application may be a device for communicating with a terminal, and the network device may be a global system for mobile communications (global system for mobile communications, GSM) system or a code division multiple access (code division multiple access, CDMA) base transceiver station (BTS), or a base station (NodeB, NB) in a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, or an evolved base station (evolved NodeB) in an LTE system , eNB or eNodeB), can also be a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (cloud radio access network, CRAN) scenario, or the network device can be a relay device, an access point, a vehicle device, a wearable device, and Network equipment in the future 5G network or network equipment in the future evolved PLMN network, one or a group (including multiple antenna panels) antenna panels of the base station in the 5G system, or it can also be a network node that constitutes a gNB or a transmission point , such as a baseband unit (baseband unit, BBU), or a distributed unit (distributed unit, DU), etc., which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

In some deployments, a gNB may include a centralized unit (CU) and a DU. The gNB may also include an active antenna unit (AAU). The CU implements some functions of the gNB, and the DU implements some functions of the gNB. For example, the CU is responsible for processing non-real-time protocols and services, and realizing the functions of radio resource control (radio resource control, RRC) and packet data convergence protocol (packet data convergence protocol, PDCP) layer. The DU is responsible for processing physical layer protocols and real-time services, realizing the functions of the radio link control (radio link control, RLC) layer, media access control (media access control, MAC) layer and physical (physical, PHY) layer. The AAU implements some physical layer processing functions, radio frequency processing and related functions of active antennas. Since the information of the RRC layer will eventually become the information of the PHY layer, or be transformed from the information of the PHY layer, under this architecture, high-level signaling, such as RRC layer signaling, can also be considered to be sent by the DU , or, sent by DU+AAU. It can be understood that the network device may be a device including one or more of a CU node, a DU node, and an AAU node. In addition, the CU can be divided into network devices in an access network (radio access network, RAN), and the CU can also be divided into network devices in a core network (core network, CN), which is not limited in this application.

In the embodiment of the present application, the terminal or network device includes a hardware layer, an operating system layer running on the hardware layer, and an application layer running on the operating system layer. The hardware layer includes hardware such as a central processing unit (CPU), a memory management unit (MMU), and memory (also called main memory). The operating system may be any one or more computer operating systems that implement business processing through processes, for example, Linux operating system, Unix operating system, Android operating system, iOS operating system, or windows operating system. The application layer includes applications such as browsers, address books, word processing software, and instant messaging software. Moreover, the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the specific structure of the execution subject of the method provided by the embodiment of the present application, as long as the program that records the code of the method provided by the embodiment of the present application can be run to provide the method according to the embodiment of the present application. For example, the execution subject of the method provided by the embodiment of the present application may be a terminal, or a functional module in the terminal that can call a program and execute the program.

Additionally, various aspects or features of the present application may be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and/or engineering techniques. The term "article of manufacture" as used in this application covers a computer program accessible from any computer readable device, carrier or media. For example, computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to: magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, or tape, etc.), optical disks (e.g., compact disc (compact disc, CD), digital versatile disc (digital versatile disc, DVD) etc.), smart cards and flash memory devices (for example, erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), card, stick or key drive, etc.). Additionally, various storage media described herein can represent one or more devices and/or other machine-readable media for storing information. The term "machine-readable medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing and/or carrying instructions and/or data.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application. The communication system in FIG. 1 may include at least one terminal (for example, terminal 1 and terminal 2 ) and a network device. The network device is used to provide communication services for the terminal and access the core network. The terminal can access the network by searching for synchronization signals and broadcast signals sent by the network device, so as to communicate with the network. The terminal can receive configuration information or system information from network devices. It should be understood that there may be one or more network devices included in the communication system. A network device can send data or control signaling to one or more terminals. Multiple network devices can also send data or control signaling to one or more terminals at the same time.

The technical solutions provided by the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

In order to solve the problem that the analog beam search time of the uplink hybrid beamforming in the existing mobile mmWave MIMO communication system is too long and a reliable communication connection cannot be established, this application proposes an adaptive data-driven beam tracking scheme to quickly Establish a reliable communication connection. On the basis of ensuring the Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) of multi-user (that is, multi-terminal) uplink communication, the scheme only relies on real-time measured data without explicitly or implicitly using the model Assuming or prior information, a local dynamic linearization model is established by time-varying parameters based on Pseudo-Partial-Derivative (PPD), and the optimal beam direction is searched for by minimizing the tracking error through multiple iterations to ensure that the moving Communication quality for multiple users in mmWave multiple-input multiple-output systems.

Please refer to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a beam tracking method provided by an embodiment of the present application. This method can be applied to the communication system shown in FIG. 1, such as the network device shown in FIG. 1. The method includes but does not Limited to the following steps:

201. Determine an analog beam for an nth time slot according to an analog beam for an n-1th time slot, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 3.

In a possible implementation manner, before determining the analog beam of the nth time slot according to the analog beam of the n-1th time slot, the method further includes: The pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot determines the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot, and the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is used to determine the analog beam of the nth time slot; if at least one of the following is satisfied item, then the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is reset to the initial pseudo partial derivative vector, and the initial pseudo partial derivative vector is preset: the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot The square of the norm of is less than or equal to the third preset threshold, the square of the norm of the analog beam of the n-1th time slot is less than or equal to the third preset threshold, the nth time slot The sign of any element in the pseudo partial derivative vector is different from the sign of the corresponding element in the initial pseudo partial derivative vector; wherein, the pseudo partial derivative vector of the third time slot is determined according to the initial pseudo partial derivative vector.

In a possible implementation manner, the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is determined by the following formula:

表示所述第n个时隙的伪偏导数向量的估计值，

表示所述第n-1个时隙的伪偏导数向量的估计值，η表示步长常量，Δζ(n-1)表示所述第n-1个时隙的模拟波束与第n-2个时隙的模拟波束之间的差，μ表示大于0的权重因子，ΔR(n-1)表示所述第n-1个时隙的通信速率与所述第n-2个时隙的通信速率之间的差，上标T表示转置。需要说明的是，本申请中，“‖ ‖ ₂”表示二阶范数，也可以简写为“‖ ‖”。 in,

represents the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth slot,

Represent the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the n-1th time slot, n represents a step size constant, Δζ(n-1) represents the simulated beam of the n-1th time slot and the n-2th The difference between the analog beams of the time slot, μ represents a weight factor greater than 0, ΔR(n-1) represents the communication rate of the n-1th time slot and the communication rate of the n-2th time slot The difference between the superscript T means transpose. It should be noted that, in this application, “‖ ‖ ₂ ” represents the second-order norm, which can also be abbreviated as “‖ ‖”.

In a possible implementation manner, the analog beam of the nth time slot is determined by the following formula:

表示所述第n个时隙的伪偏导数向量的估计值，λ表示权重因子，R ^*表示所述目标通信速率，R(n-1)表示所述第n-1个时隙的通信速率。 Wherein, ζ(n) represents the simulated beam of the nth time slot, ζ(n-1) represents the simulated beam of the n-1th time slot, and ρ represents a step constant,

Represents the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot, λ represents a weight factor, R ^* represents the target communication rate, and R(n-1) represents the communication rate of the n-1th time slot .

As an example, formula (1) and formula (2) can be obtained by:

In the nth time slot, the relationship between the uplink communication rate R(n) and its selected analog beam ζ(n) can be described by the following general discrete-time system:

R(n)＝f(R(n-1),…,R(nn _p ),ζ(n),…,ζ(nn _s )) (3)

In formula (3), R(n) represents the communication rate in the nth time slot (that is, the uplink communication rate), n _p and n _s are the unknown orders, and f( ) represents the unknown nonlinear system ; ζ(n) represents the analog beam of the nth time slot, that is, the analog beam selected in the candidate codebook set at the nth time slot.

The dynamic linearization of nonlinear systems is based on the following two assumptions:

Assumption 1: The partial derivative of nonlinear system f(·) with respect to ζ(n) is continuous.

Hypothesis 2: The nonlinear system (3), that is, formula (3) satisfies the Lipschitz continuity condition, that is, formula (4).

|ΔR(n)|≤c‖Δζ(n)‖ ₂ (4)

In formula (4), c is a small positive constant.

For any n, there are:

ΔR(n)＝R(n)-R(n-1) (5)

Δζ(n)=ζ(n)-ζ(n-1), Δζ(n)≠0 (6)

Considering the nonlinear system (3) and assumptions 1 and 2, there is a pseudo partial derivative vector (PPD vector) ξ(n) for all time slots n, so that formula (3) can be transformed into the following equivalent model:

ΔR(n)= ^ξT (n)Δζ(n) (7)

In formula (7), the superscript T represents the transpose, ‖ξ(n)‖ ₂ ≤ c.

In order to estimate the pseudo partial derivative vector ξ(n), the following criterion function is defined:

为ξ(n)的估计值；

表示准则函数。 In formula (8), μ>0 means weight factor;

is the estimated value of ξ(n);

Represents the criterion function.

Solve the following optimal conditions:

can be obtained:

In formula (1), η is a step constant.

In order to accurately track the iterative variation parameter ξ(n) and ensure that Δζ(n)≠0, the following reset scheme is used: if the square of the norm of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is less than or equal to the third preset threshold , or the square of the norm of the analog beam of the n-1th time slot is less than or equal to the third preset threshold, or the sign of any element in the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is the same as the initial pseudo partial derivative vector The signs of the corresponding elements in are different, then the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is reset to the initial pseudo partial derivative vector, and the initial pseudo partial derivative vector is preset. It can also be described as follows:

或

或

则

其中，

是一个向量，

表示

中的第i个元素，ξ(0)为初始伪偏导数向量；σ是一个小的正数常量，也即第三阈值，当‖Δζ(n-1)‖ ₂或者

过小的时候用来重置

该重置方案能增强数据驱动估计算法的跟踪能力。 if

or

or

but

in,

is a vector,

express

The i-th element in , ξ(0) is the initial pseudo partial derivative vector; σ is a small positive constant, that is, the third threshold, when ‖Δζ(n-1)‖ ₂ or

Used to reset when too small

This reset scheme can enhance the tracking ability of data-driven estimation algorithms.

In order to select an appropriate analog beam to achieve the target communication rate R ^* for reliable communication, the following criterion function is considered:

In formula (10), J(ζ(n)) represents the criterion function, and λ is the weight factor.

Rewrite formula (7), then:

为ξ(n)的估计值。 In formula (11),

is the estimated value of ξ(n).

Solve the following optimal conditions:

Formula (2) can be obtained:

In formula (2), ρ is a step constant.

202. Calculate the communication rate of the nth time slot according to the analog beam of the nth time slot.

In a possible implementation manner, the communication rate of the nth time slot is calculated by the following formula:

Wherein, R(n) represents the communication rate of the nth time slot, Q represents the number of terminals, k represents the kth terminal, and γ _k represents the SINR of the kth terminal; the expression of γ _k is as follows Shown:

表示矩阵

中第k行第k列的元素，上标H表示共轭转置，

表示第k个终端等效的上行信道向量；

的表达式如下所示： Among them, P represents the maximum transmission power of the uplink signal, N ₀ represents the power of noise,

representation matrix

The element in row k and column k in , superscript H means conjugate transpose,

Indicates the equivalent uplink channel vector of the kth terminal;

The expression for is as follows:

Wherein, G represents the receiving phase shift matrix, H _k represents the uplink channel matrix of the k-th terminal, c _k represents the analog beam of the k-th terminal, and the analog beam of the n-th time slot includes c _k .

As an example, formula (13) to formula (15) can be obtained in the following way:

(其中

)与各个终端的模拟波束c _k(其中k＝1,2,...,Q)组成的集合为向量ζ(n)，则第k个终端通过一个模拟波束向基站端发射的上行信号x _k可以表示为： For the millimeter wave MIMO system, it has N _BS antennas and N _RF radio frequency chains on the network equipment side, such as the base station (BS) side, and each radio frequency chain has M antennas, so there are the following Relation: N _BS =N _RF ×M; on the terminal side, for example, the number of mobile user terminals (that is, the number of terminals) on the user terminal side is Q, and each terminal has N _MS antennas. Here, the number of terminals is equal to the number of radio frequency chains (this is the basic condition for separating the signals of each terminal), that is, N _RF =Q. In mobile millimeter-wave MIMO communication systems, beamforming technology can be used to form narrow beams to achieve higher spatial signal gain. Due to the narrow beam of the mmWave MIMO system, in order to achieve reliable communication, each RF chain and each terminal at the base station side in the uplink hybrid beamforming should select a suitable analog beam to ensure high-quality communication rate. Define the analog beams of each RF chain at the base station at the nth time slot

(in

) and the analog beam c _k (where k=1,2,...,Q) of each terminal is a vector ζ(n), then the uplink signal x transmitted by the kth terminal to the base station through an analog beam _k can be expressed as:

x _k = c _k s _k (16)

也即表示c _k的向量大小为N _MS行1列。需要说明的是，本申请中，

为基站的模拟接收波束，c _k为终端的模拟发射波束。 In formula (16), s _k is the data symbol of the kth terminal; c _k is the analog beam selected by the kth terminal,

That is to say, the size of the vector of c _k is N _MS rows and 1 column. It should be noted that, in this application,

is the analog receiving beam of the base station, and _ck is the analog transmitting beam of the terminal.

因此，在基站的天线端接收到的数据流y _s可以表示为： For each terminal, the maximum transmission power of the uplink signal is P, that is

Therefore, the data stream y _s received at the antenna end of the base station can be expressed as:

也即表示矩阵H _k的大小为N _BS行N _MS列；x _k表示第k个终端通过一个模拟波束向基站端发射的上行信号；n ₀表示复加性高斯白噪声，其协方差矩阵满足

N ₀表示噪声的功率，

表示矩阵大小为N _BS×N _BS的单位矩阵；

也即表示向量n ₀的大小为N _BS行1列。 In formula (17), H _k represents the uplink channel matrix of the kth terminal,

That is to say, the size of the matrix H _k is N _BS rows and N _MS columns; x _k represents the uplink signal transmitted by the kth terminal to the base station through an analog beam; n ₀ represents complex additive white Gaussian noise, and its covariance matrix satisfies

N ₀ represents the power of the noise,

Represents the identity matrix whose matrix size is N _BS ×N _BS ;

That is to say, the size of the vector n ₀ is N _BS rows and 1 column.

个射频链的接收相移向量表示为

(其中

)，也即第

个射频链的接收相移向量即为第

个射频链的模拟波束

也即表示向量

的大小为M行1列，因此，整个基站端的接收相移矩阵G可以表示为： At the base station, the

The receive phase shift vector of a radio frequency chain is expressed as

(in

), that is, the first

The receiving phase shift vector of a radio frequency chain is

Analog Beams for RF Chains

That is to say, the vector

The size of is M rows and 1 column, therefore, the receiving phase shift matrix G of the entire base station can be expressed as:

也即表示矩阵G的大小为N _RF行N _BS列。 In formula (18),

That is to say, the size of the matrix G is N _RF rows and N _BS columns.

The signals received by the base station can only be separated from the signals of multiple terminals after undergoing phase shift matrix and digital beamforming. Formula (17) is the signal received without phase shift matrix and digital beamforming, formula (19) is the signal received after phase shift matrix, and similarly formula (21) is the signal received after digital beamforming signal of.

可表示为： After passing through the phase shift matrix, the signal received by the base station

Can be expressed as:

为第k个终端等效的上行信道向量，

s＝[s ₁,s ₂,…,s _k,…,s _Q] ^T；其中，

表示“定义为”，也即

In formula (19), G represents the receiving phase shift matrix, n ₀ represents complex additive white Gaussian noise,

is the equivalent uplink channel vector of the kth terminal,

s=[s ₁ ,s ₂ ,…,s _k ,…,s _Q ] ^T ; where,

means "defined as", that is,

In order to eliminate the influence between terminals, digital beamforming is designed using zero-forcing algorithm, as shown in formula (20):

In formula (20), the superscript H represents the conjugate transpose,

可以表示为： Therefore, after digital beamforming, the signal received by the base station

It can be expressed as:

表示相移矩阵后基站端接收的信号，s＝[s ₁,s ₂,…,s _k,…,s _Q] ^T，

G表示接收相移矩阵，n ₀表示复加性高斯白噪声。 In formula (21),

Indicates the signal received by the base station after the phase shift matrix, s=[s ₁ ,s ₂ ,…,s _k ,…,s _Q ] ^T ,

G represents the receiving phase shift matrix, and n ₀ represents complex additive Gaussian white noise.

Among them, the geometric channel model with L finite scattering paths is adopted for the millimeter wave channel, so the uplink channel matrix H _k of the kth terminal can be expressed as:

路损

其中D _k表示第k个终端与基站之间的距离，且D _k服从[10,15]的均匀分布，β表示路损指数，本示例中β＝3.76；

和

分别表示第k个终端和基站端的阵列响应向量。 In formula (22), N _BS represents the number of antennas of the base station; N _MS represents the number of antennas of each terminal; path gain

road loss

Where D _k represents the distance between the kth terminal and the base station, and D _k obeys the uniform distribution of [10,15], β represents the path loss index, in this example β=3.76;

with

Represent the array response vectors of the kth terminal and the base station respectively.

和

可以分别表示为： In this example a uniform linear array is used, so

with

Can be expressed as:

表示接收角AoAs，

表示发射角AoDs，发射角AoDs与接收角AoAs服从[-π/2,π/2]的均匀分布。 In formulas (23) and (24), N _BS represents the number of antennas of the base station; N _MS represents the number of antennas of each terminal; d represents the distance between two adjacent element antennas, and λ is the wavelength of the signal. In this example Satisfy the relationship of d=λ/2; j ² =-1;

Indicates the acceptance angle AoAs,

Indicates the emission angle AoDs, the emission angle AoDs and the acceptance angle AoAs obey the uniform distribution of [-π/2,π/2].

Among them, the analog beam c _k of each terminal can be selected from the candidate analog codebook set F of the terminal, and the candidate analog codebook F is composed of |F| analog transmit beams with uniform coverage space, which can be expressed as:

F＝{c ¹ ,c ² ,...,c ^m ,...,c ^|F| } (25)

The codebook c ^m (m=1, 2, ..., |F|) in formula (25) can be expressed as:

In formula (26), N _MS represents the number of antennas for each terminal, j ² =-1,

(其中

)可从基站端的候选模拟码本集

中选择，其可以表示为： Additionally, each RF chain at the base station

(in

) can be obtained from the candidate analog codebook set at the base station

selected, which can be expressed as:

中选择的模拟波束ζ(n)，ζ(n)即基站端的各个射频链

(其中

)与各个终端的模拟波束c _k(其中k＝1,2,...,Q)组成的集合，则多输入多输出上行系统的通信速率R(n)可以表示为： Therefore, in the nth time slot, based on the candidate analog codebook set from the base station

The analog beam ζ(n) selected in , ζ(n) is each radio frequency chain at the base station

(in

) and the analog beam c _k of each terminal (where k=1,2,...,Q), then the communication rate R(n) of the MIMO uplink system can be expressed as:

In formula (13), γ _k represents the SINR of the kth terminal, which can be expressed as:

In the formula (14), P represents the maximum transmit power of the uplink signal; the subscript kk represents the element in row k and column k of the matrix, that is, the element on the diagonal line.

203. If the difference between the communication rate of the nth time slot and the target communication rate is not greater than the first preset threshold, determine that the analog beam of the nth time slot corresponds to the target SINR An analog beam; the target communication rate is determined according to the target signal-to-interference-noise ratio; or, if the n is not less than a second preset threshold, then the analog beam of the target time slot is determined to be the target signal-to-interference-noise ratio The corresponding analog beam, the target time slot is the time slot with the highest communication rate from the first time slot to the nth time slot; wherein, the analog beams of the first time slot and the second time slot And the communication rate is preset.

Specifically, this application proposes a data-driven adaptive beam tracking method to find candidate analog beams for uplink hybrid beamforming in a mobile millimeter-wave MIMO communication system, so as to ensure the SINR of multi-terminal uplink communication. Realize reliable communication between the base station and multiple mobile terminals. The target communication rate R ^* can be calculated through the target SINR, and the base station can decide to terminate or continue the training process based on the real-time measured communication rate R and the target communication rate R ^* , specifically following the following guidelines:

1) If the real-time measured communication rate R is close to the target communication rate R ^* (for example, the difference between R and R ^* is less than the first preset threshold ∈ or R≥R ^* ), the base station terminates the training process; otherwise , continue the iterative process of training, and the base station and multiple terminals continue to search for a suitable analog beam combination among the remaining beam combinations. That is, when a certain training in the iterative process is completed, if the real-time measured communication rate R is greater than or equal to the target communication rate R ^* , then the simulated beam selected for this training is based on the target SINR, so that Simulate beams for reliable communication between base station and multiple mobile terminals; otherwise, continue iteration.

2) If the achievable maximum communication rate is less than the target communication rate R ^* , then select the simulated beam with the highest communication rate during the training iteration. That is to say, no matter how many iterations there are, the communication rate R measured in real time cannot be close to the target communication rate R ^* , but in order to avoid the time delay caused by too many iterations, a maximum number of iterations is set, and That is, set the second threshold n _max , when n≮n _max , stop the iteration, and use the analog beam corresponding to the time slot with the highest measured communication rate from the first time slot to the nth time slot as the target signal An analog beam that enables reliable communication between a base station and multiple mobile terminals based on interference-to-noise ratio.

In the embodiment of the present application, the analog beam of the nth time slot is selected according to the analog beam of the n-1th time slot, and then the real-time communication rate of the nth time slot is calculated according to the analog beam of the nth time slot, And compare the real-time communication rate of the nth time slot with the target communication rate determined according to the target SINR, if the difference between the real-time communication rate of the nth time slot and the target communication rate is not greater than the first The preset threshold indicates that the real-time communication rate of the nth time slot is close to the target communication rate, then the simulated beam of the nth time slot can be used as the simulated beam corresponding to the target SINR, and the simulated beam of the nth time slot Communication is carried out on the beam to ensure reliable communication; in addition, in order to avoid the time delay caused by too many times of beam tracking, the maximum number of tracking times of beam tracking is also set, that is, the second preset threshold, if n is not less than the second preset threshold, it means When the number of beam tracking reaches the maximum number of tracking times, it is true that the analog beam of the time slot with the highest communication rate from the first time slot to the nth time slot is used as the analog beam corresponding to the target SINR. The communication is carried out on the analog beam of the time slot to ensure reliable communication. In this way, the beam tracking solution provided by the present application does not need exhaustive beam search or wide beam search, so the time delay of beam tracking can be reduced.

The main steps of the (data-driven) beam tracking scheme described in Figure 2 above can be summarized as follows:

1. Initial settings:

1) Preset measurement data set: Preset the selected analog beam codebook set Γ, let Γ=[ζ(1),ζ(2)], that is, the analog beam selected in the first time slot is ζ(1), the analog beam selected for the second time slot is ζ(2); the communication rate set R is preset, and R=[R(1), R(2)], that is, the first The communication rate of 1 time slot is R(1), and the communication rate of the 2nd time slot is R(2).

2) Presetting the target communication rate R ^* .

3) The tracking error is preset, that is, the first threshold is ∈.

4) A small positive constant is preset, that is, the third threshold is σ.

5) Preset the maximum number of iterations, that is, the second threshold is n _max .

7) Preset initial parameters: initial pseudo partial derivative vector ξ(0), step size constant η, step size constant ρ, weight factor μ, weight factor λ.

2. Iterative process:

根据公式(1)计算第3个时隙的伪偏导数向量的估计值

也即，根据n＝1和n＝2的模拟波束、通信速率来确定n＝3第三个时隙的伪偏导数向量

8) When n=3, there exists

Calculate the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the third time slot according to formula (1)

That is, according to the analog beams and communication rates of n=1 and n=2, the pseudo partial derivative vector of the third time slot of n=3 is determined

为初始伪偏导数向量ξ(0)。

is the initial pseudo partial derivative vector ξ(0).

9) When n>3 and n<n _max , calculate the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot according to formula (1)

或‖Δζ(n-1)‖ ²≤σ或

则重置第n个时隙的伪偏导数向量的估计值

令

否则，不重置第n个时隙的伪偏导数向量的估计值

10) if

or ‖Δζ(n-1)‖ ² ≤σ or

Then reset the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth slot

make

Otherwise, do not reset the estimate of the pseudo-partial derivative vector for the nth slot

11) Calculate the simulated beam ζ(n) selected for the nth time slot according to formula (2).

12) Through the analog beam ζ(n) selected in the nth time slot, calculate the uplink communication rate R(n) of the nth time slot according to formula (13).

13) Update the communication rate set R, that is, set R=[R, R(n)].

14) Update the selected analog beam codebook set Γ, that is, set Γ=[Γ,ζ(n)].

15) If the uplink communication rate R(n) satisfies |R(n)-R ^* |≤∈ or n satisfies n>n _max , stop the iterative process; otherwise, repeat steps 9) to 14).

16) When the trigger iteration stop is R(n) satisfying |R(n)-R ^* |≤∈, return ζ(n); when the trigger iteration stop n satisfies n>n _max , return the maximum communication rate set R The analog beam to which the element corresponds.

其中

图3分析了在不同的信道变化速度下本申请所提供的技术方案的跟踪性能，当

时，角度的平均偏移量为

假设每个时隙持续0.1ms，则角度变化速度为7964ο/s，这相当于角度变化速度每秒旋转超过22圈。如图3所示，在不同的信道变化速度下，本申请所提供的技术方案能够快速地达到目标信干噪比以实现可靠通信，并且随着角度变化速度的增加，需要更多的测量。 Please refer to FIG. 3 . FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of beam tracking effect using the beam tracking scheme described in FIG. 2 . As shown in FIG. 3 , set N _MS =M=8, N _RF =Q=2, and target SINR is 20dB. Figure 3 analyzes the tracking process of the technical solution provided by this application under different channel change speeds: at the time of initial access, that is, the main path disappears or appears due to a sudden change in the environment, it is necessary to select a beam to establish a reliable channel for initial access link connection; due to environmental interference from other factors such as noise, the AoDs/AoAs of the existing main path will change due to noise, and the angle changes as

in

Figure 3 analyzes the tracking performance of the technical solution provided by this application at different channel change speeds, when

When , the average offset of the angle is

Assuming that each time slot lasts 0.1ms, the angular change rate is 7964ο/s, which is equivalent to an angular change rate of more than 22 rotations per second. As shown in Figure 3, under different channel change speeds, the technical solution provided by this application can quickly reach the target SINR to achieve reliable communication, and as the angle change speed increases, more measurements are required.

Table 1 shows the average number of measurements of the technical solution of the present application for different target SINRs; Table 2 and Table 3 show the comparison between the technical solution of the present application and the prior art.

Table 1 The average number of measurements of the technical solution of this application for different target SINRs

In Table 1, under the limitation of different target SINRs, the number of measurements required by the technical solution of the present application is compared; it can be seen that with the increase of the target SINR, the technical solution of the present application needs more and more A large number of measurements are needed to achieve the target signal-to-interference-noise ratio.

Table 2 When the target SINR is 15dB, the average number of measurements for different search methods and different numbers of codebooks

|F| exhaustive search hierarchical search Technical solution of this application 4 256 16 3.77 8 4096 81 6.46 16 25536 256 10.60

In Table 2, the technical solution of the present application is compared with the search times of the same target SINR of 15dB with the exhaustive search and hierarchical search solutions; the results in Table 2 show that in the case of using codebook sets of different sizes, Compared with the exhaustive search and layered search solutions, the technical solution of the present application adopts fewer measurements and reaches the target signal-to-interference-noise ratio faster.

Table 3 Comparison of search times of different methods for increasing the number of terminals

In Table 3, under the situation of different terminal numbers, the technical solution of the present application is compared with the search times of the same target SINR by the exhaustive search and layered search schemes; it can be seen that as the number of terminals increases, the Compared with exhaustive search and layered search, the technical solution of the application can greatly reduce the number of measurements of beam tracking.

The method of the embodiment of the present application has been described in detail above, and the device of the embodiment of the present application is provided below.

Please refer to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a beam tracking device 400 provided by an embodiment of the present application, which is applied to network equipment. The estimation device 400 may include a determination unit 401 and a calculation unit 402, wherein the detailed description of each unit as follows:

A determining unit 401, configured to determine the analog beam of the nth time slot according to the analog beam of the n-1th time slot, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 3;

A calculation unit 402, configured to calculate the communication rate of the nth time slot according to the analog beam of the nth time slot;

The determining unit 403 is further configured to determine that the analog beam of the nth time slot is The analog beam corresponding to the target SINR; the target communication rate is determined according to the target SINR; or, if the n is not less than the second preset threshold, then determine the analog beam of the target time slot as The analog beam corresponding to the target SINR, the target time slot is the time slot with the highest communication rate among the first time slot to the nth time slot; wherein, the first time slot and the first time slot The analog beams of 2 time slots and the communication rate are pre-set.

In a possible implementation manner, the determining unit 401 is further configured to: before determining the analog beam of the nth time slot according to the analog beam of the n-1th time slot, according to the n-1th time slot The pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot determines the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot, and the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is used to determine the analog beam of the nth time slot; if satisfied At least one of the following, the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is reset to the initial pseudo partial derivative vector, and the initial pseudo partial derivative vector is preset: the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot The square of the norm of the partial derivative vector is less than or equal to a third preset threshold, the square of the norm of the analog beam of the n-1th time slot is less than or equal to the third preset threshold, and the nth The sign of any element in the pseudo partial derivative vector of the time slot is different from the sign of the corresponding element in the initial pseudo partial derivative vector; wherein, the pseudo partial derivative vector of the third time slot is based on the initial pseudo partial derivative vector definite.

In a possible implementation manner, the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is determined by the following formula:

表示所述第n个时隙的伪偏导数向量的估计值，

表示所述第n-1个时隙的伪偏导数向量的估计值，η表示步长常量，Δζ(n-1)表示所述第n-1个时隙的模拟波束与第n-2个时隙的模拟波束之间的差，μ表示大于0的权重因子，ΔR(n-1)表示所述第n-1个时隙的通信速率与所述第n-2个时隙的通信速率之间的差，上标T表示转置。 in,

represents the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth slot,

Represent the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the n-1th time slot, n represents a step size constant, Δζ(n-1) represents the simulated beam of the n-1th time slot and the n-2th The difference between the analog beams of the time slot, μ represents a weight factor greater than 0, ΔR(n-1) represents the communication rate of the n-1th time slot and the communication rate of the n-2th time slot The difference between the superscript T means transpose.

In a possible implementation manner, the analog beam of the nth time slot is determined by the following formula:

表示所述第n个时隙的伪偏导数向量的估计值，λ表示权重因子，R ^*表示所述目标通信速率，R(n-1)表示所述第n-1个时隙的通信速率。 Wherein, ζ(n) represents the simulated beam of the nth time slot, ζ(n-1) represents the simulated beam of the n-1th time slot, and ρ represents a step constant,

Represents the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot, λ represents a weight factor, R ^* represents the target communication rate, and R(n-1) represents the communication rate of the n-1th time slot .

In a possible implementation manner, the communication rate of the nth time slot is calculated by the following formula:

Wherein, R(n) represents the communication rate of the nth time slot, Q represents the number of terminals, k represents the kth terminal, and γ _k represents the SINR of the kth terminal; the expression of γ _k is as follows Shown:

表示矩阵

中第k行第k列的元素，上标H表示共轭转置，

表示第k个终端等效的上行信道向量；

的表达式如下所示： Among them, P represents the maximum transmission power of the uplink signal, N ₀ represents the power of noise,

representation matrix

The element in row k and column k in , superscript H means conjugate transpose,

Indicates the equivalent uplink channel vector of the kth terminal;

The expression for is as follows:

Wherein, G represents the receiving phase shift matrix, H _k represents the uplink channel matrix of the k-th terminal, c _k represents the analog beam of the k-th terminal, and the analog beam of the n-th time slot includes c _k .

It should be noted that the implementation of each unit may also refer to the corresponding description of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 . Of course, the beam tracking device 400 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes but is not limited to the above-mentioned unit modules. data. The beneficial effects brought by the beam tracking device 400 described in FIG. 4 can refer to the description of the foregoing embodiments, and the description is not repeated here.

Please refer to FIG. 5. FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device 510 provided by an embodiment of the present application. The network device 510 includes a processor 511, a memory 512, and a communication interface 513. They are connected to each other by bus 514 .

The memory 512 includes but is not limited to random access memory (random access memory, RAM), read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable read only memory, EPROM), or Portable read-only memory (compact disc read-only memory, CD-ROM), the memory 512 is used for related computer programs and data. The communication interface 513 is used to receive and send data.

The processor 511 may be one or more central processing units (central processing unit, CPU). In the case where the processor 511 is a CPU, the CPU may be a single-core CPU or a multi-core CPU.

The processor 511 in the network device 510 is used to read the computer program code stored in the above-mentioned memory 512, and perform the following operations: determine the analog beam of the nth time slot according to the analog beam of the n-1th time slot, said n is an integer greater than or equal to 3; calculate the communication rate of the nth time slot according to the analog beam of the nth time slot; if the difference between the communication rate of the nth time slot and the target communication rate If it is not greater than the first preset threshold, it is determined that the analog beam of the nth time slot is an analog beam corresponding to the target SINR; the target communication rate is determined according to the target SINR; or, If the n is not less than the second preset threshold, then determine that the analog beam of the target time slot is the analog beam corresponding to the target SINR, and the target time slot is from the first time slot to the nth time slot The time slot with the highest communication rate among the time slots; wherein, the analog beams and communication rates of the first time slot and the second time slot are preset.

It should be noted that the implementation of each operation may also refer to the corresponding description of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 . For the beneficial effects brought by the network device 510 described in FIG. 5 , reference may be made to the description of the foregoing embodiments, and the description is not repeated here.

The embodiment of the present application also provides a chip, the above-mentioned chip includes at least one processor, memory and interface circuit, the above-mentioned memory, the above-mentioned transceiver and the above-mentioned at least one processor are interconnected by lines, and the above-mentioned at least one memory stores a computer program; the above-mentioned When the computer program is executed by the above-mentioned processor, the flow of the method shown in FIG. 2 is realized.

An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is run on a network device, the method flow shown in FIG. 2 is implemented.

The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product. When the computer program product is run on a network device, the method flow shown in FIG. 2 is implemented.

It should be understood that the processor mentioned in the embodiment of the present application may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), and may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), application-specific integrated circuits ( Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), off-the-shelf programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor, or the like.

It should also be understood that the memory mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a nonvolatile memory, or may include both volatile and nonvolatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), programmable read-only memory (Programmable ROM, PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (Erasable PROM, EPROM), electronically programmable Erase Programmable Read-Only Memory (Electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or Flash. The volatile memory can be Random Access Memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as Static Random Access Memory (Static RAM, SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (Dynamic RAM, DRAM), Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (Synchronous DRAM, SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (Double Data Rate SDRAM, DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (Enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM), synchronous connection dynamic random access memory (Synchlink DRAM, SLDRAM ) and Direct Memory Bus Random Access Memory (Direct Rambus RAM, DR RAM).

It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components, the memory (storage module) is integrated in the processor.

It should be noted that the memories described herein are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.

It should also be understood that the first, second, third, fourth and various numbers mentioned herein are only for convenience of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.

It should be understood that the term "and/or" in this article is only an association relationship describing associated objects, which means that there may be three relationships, for example, A and/or B may mean: A exists alone, and A and B exist at the same time , there are three cases of B alone. In addition, the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the contextual objects are an "or" relationship.

It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present application, the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes do not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of the processes should be determined by their functions and internal logic, and should not be used in the embodiments of the present application. The implementation process constitutes any limitation.

Those skilled in the art can appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed by hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be regarded as exceeding the scope of the present application.

Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of the description, the specific working process of the above-described system, device and unit can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods may be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of the above units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or can be Integrate into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented. In another point, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

If the above functions are realized in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute all or part of the steps of the methods shown in the various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disc and other media that can store program codes. .

The steps in the methods of the embodiments of the present application can be adjusted, combined and deleted according to actual needs.

The modules in the device of the embodiment of the present application can be combined, divided and deleted according to actual needs.

As mentioned above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it can still understand the foregoing The technical solutions described in each embodiment are modified, or some of the technical features are replaced equivalently; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the application.

Claims (12)

A beam tracking method, characterized in that, comprising: Determine the analog beam of the nth time slot according to the analog beam of the n-1th time slot, and the n is an integer greater than or equal to 3; calculating the communication rate of the nth time slot according to the analog beam of the nth time slot; If the difference between the communication rate of the nth time slot and the target communication rate is not greater than the first preset threshold, then determine that the analog beam of the nth time slot is the analog beam corresponding to the target SINR ; The target communication rate is determined according to the target SINR; Or, if the n is not less than the second preset threshold, it is determined that the analog beam of the target time slot is the analog beam corresponding to the target SINR, and the target time slot is from the first time slot to the first time slot The time slot with the highest communication rate among the n time slots; Wherein, the analog beams and communication rates of the first time slot and the second time slot are preset. The method according to claim 1, wherein, before determining the analog beam of the nth time slot according to the analog beam of the n-1th time slot, the method further comprises: Determine the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot according to the pseudo partial derivative vector of the n-1th time slot, and the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is used to determine the nth time slot slotted analog beams; If at least one of the following is satisfied, the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is reset to an initial pseudo partial derivative vector, and the initial pseudo partial derivative vector is preset: The square of the norm of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is less than or equal to a third preset threshold, and the square of the norm of the analog beam of the n-1th time slot is less than or equal to the third A preset threshold, the sign of any element in the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is different from the sign of the corresponding element in the initial pseudo partial derivative vector; Wherein, the pseudo partial derivative vector of the third time slot is determined according to the initial pseudo partial derivative vector. The method according to claim 2, wherein the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is determined by the following formula:

in,

represents the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth slot,

Represent the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the n-1th time slot, n represents a step size constant, Δζ(n-1) represents the simulated beam of the n-1th time slot and the n-2th The difference between the analog beams of the time slot, μ represents a weight factor greater than 0, ΔR(n-1) represents the communication rate of the n-1th time slot and the communication rate of the n-2th time slot The difference between the superscript T means transpose. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the analog beam of the nth time slot is determined by the following formula:

Wherein, ζ(n) represents the simulated beam of the nth time slot, ζ(n-1) represents the simulated beam of the n-1th time slot, and ρ represents a step constant,

Represents the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot, λ represents a weight factor, R ^* represents the target communication rate, and R(n-1) represents the communication rate of the n-1th time slot . The method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the communication rate of the nth time slot is calculated by the following formula:

Wherein, R(n) represents the communication rate of the nth time slot, Q represents the number of terminals, k represents the kth terminal, and γ _k represents the SINR of the kth terminal; the expression of γ _k is as follows Shown:

Among them, P represents the maximum transmission power of the uplink signal, N ₀ represents the power of noise,

representation matrix

The element in row k and column k in , superscript H means conjugate transpose,

Indicates the equivalent uplink channel vector of the kth terminal;

The expression for is as follows:

Wherein, G represents the receiving phase shift matrix, H _k represents the uplink channel matrix of the k-th terminal, c _k represents the analog beam of the k-th terminal, and the analog beam of the n-th time slot includes c _k . A beam tracking device is characterized in that it comprises: A determining unit, configured to determine the analog beam of the nth time slot according to the analog beam of the n-1th time slot, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 3; a calculation unit, configured to calculate the communication rate of the nth time slot according to the analog beam of the nth time slot; The determining unit is further configured to determine that the analog beam of the nth time slot is the target if the difference between the communication rate of the nth time slot and the target communication rate is not greater than a first preset threshold An analog beam corresponding to the signal-to-interference-noise ratio; the target communication rate is determined according to the target signal-to-interference-noise ratio; Or, if the n is not less than the second preset threshold, it is determined that the analog beam of the target time slot is the analog beam corresponding to the target SINR, and the target time slot is from the first time slot to the first time slot The time slot with the highest communication rate among the n time slots; Wherein, the analog beams and communication rates of the first time slot and the second time slot are preset. The device according to claim 6, wherein the determining unit is further configured to: Before the analog beam of the nth time slot is determined according to the analog beam of the n-1th time slot, Determine the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot according to the pseudo partial derivative vector of the n-1th time slot, and the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is used to determine the nth time slot slotted analog beams; If at least one of the following is satisfied, the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is reset to an initial pseudo partial derivative vector, and the initial pseudo partial derivative vector is preset: The square of the norm of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is less than or equal to a third preset threshold, and the square of the norm of the analog beam of the n-1th time slot is less than or equal to the third A preset threshold, the sign of any element in the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is different from the sign of the corresponding element in the initial pseudo partial derivative vector; Wherein, the pseudo partial derivative vector of the third time slot is determined according to the initial pseudo partial derivative vector. The device according to claim 7, wherein the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot is determined by the following formula:

in,

represents the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth slot,

Represent the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the n-1th time slot, n represents a step size constant, Δζ(n-1) represents the simulated beam of the n-1th time slot and the n-2th The difference between the analog beams of the time slot, μ represents a weight factor greater than 0, ΔR(n-1) represents the communication rate of the n-1th time slot and the communication rate of the n-2th time slot The difference between the superscript T means transpose. The device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the analog beam of the nth time slot is determined by the following formula:

Wherein, ζ(n) represents the simulated beam of the nth time slot, ζ(n-1) represents the simulated beam of the n-1th time slot, and ρ represents a step constant,

Represents the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative vector of the nth time slot, λ represents a weight factor, R ^* represents the target communication rate, and R(n-1) represents the communication rate of the n-1th time slot . The device according to any one of claims 6-9, wherein the communication rate of the nth time slot is calculated by the following formula:

Wherein, R(n) represents the communication rate of the nth time slot, Q represents the number of terminals, k represents the kth terminal, and γ _k represents the SINR of the kth terminal; the expression of γ _k is as follows Shown:

Among them, P represents the maximum transmission power of the uplink signal, N ₀ represents the power of noise,

representation matrix

The element in row k and column k in , superscript H means conjugate transpose,

Indicates the equivalent uplink channel vector of the kth terminal;

The expression for is as follows:

Wherein, G represents the receiving phase shift matrix, H _k represents the uplink channel matrix of the k-th terminal, c _k represents the analog beam of the k-th terminal, and the analog beam of the n-th time slot includes c _k . A network device, characterized by including a processor and a memory, and one or more programs, the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, the program Comprising instructions for performing the steps in the method of any one of claims 1-5. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the method according to any one of claims 1-5.

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