WO2022138914A1 - 撮像素子及び撮像装置 - Google Patents
撮像素子及び撮像装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022138914A1 WO2022138914A1 PCT/JP2021/048194 JP2021048194W WO2022138914A1 WO 2022138914 A1 WO2022138914 A1 WO 2022138914A1 JP 2021048194 W JP2021048194 W JP 2021048194W WO 2022138914 A1 WO2022138914 A1 WO 2022138914A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- unit
- pixel
- semiconductor substrate
- image pickup
- pixels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/802—Geometry or disposition of elements in pixels, e.g. address-lines or gate electrodes
- H10F39/8023—Disposition of the elements in pixels, e.g. smaller elements in the centre of the imager compared to larger elements at the periphery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/809—Constructional details of image sensors of hybrid image sensors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
- H04N25/77—Pixel circuitry, e.g. memories, A/D converters, pixel amplifiers, shared circuits or shared components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/807—Pixel isolation structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/811—Interconnections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/812—Arrangements for transferring the charges in the image sensor perpendicular to the imaging plane, e.g. buried regions used to transfer generated charges to circuitry under the photosensitive region
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/813—Electronic components shared by multiple pixels, e.g. one amplifier shared by two pixels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/10—Integrated devices
- H10F39/12—Image sensors
- H10F39/199—Back-illuminated image sensors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/803—Pixels having integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements
- H10F39/8037—Pixels having integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements the integrated elements comprising a transistor
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an image pickup device and an image pickup device.
- an image pickup device configured by stacking a plurality of substrates.
- a substrate on which pixels are formed to convert incident light from a subject into an image signal by using photoelectric conversion, a circuit for generating a control signal of the pixels, and a circuit for processing an image signal are formed. It corresponds to the substrate to be used.
- a circuit that handles an analog image signal is arranged in the pixel.
- a high-speed digital circuit is mainly used as a circuit for processing an image signal.
- a first substrate on which a photoelectric conversion element that performs photoelectric conversion of incident light is mainly arranged and a second substrate on which a readout circuit that outputs an image signal based on an electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion element is arranged are laminated.
- the image pickup device has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- a third substrate on which a logic circuit for processing an image signal is arranged is further laminated to form an image sensor.
- the circuits constituting the pixels are divided into two substrates and laminated, connection portions (contacts) for making the reference potentials of these substrates common are arranged between the substrates.
- the reference potential is a potential that serves as a reference for the signal of the pixel circuit and the power supply voltage, and corresponds to, for example, the ground potential. It is necessary to provide a region for connecting the contacts on the first substrate, which increases the pixel area.
- an image pickup device and an image pickup device that can be miniaturized in an image pickup device and an image pickup device configured by laminating a plurality of semiconductor substrates.
- the present disclosure has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the embodiment thereof is a photoelectric conversion unit which is arranged on a first semiconductor substrate and performs photoelectric conversion of incident light, and is generated by the photoelectric conversion.
- a pixel having a charge holding unit for holding a charge and a charge transfer unit for transferring the charge from the photoelectric conversion unit to the charge holding unit, and a second semiconductor substrate laminated on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate.
- It is an image pickup element having an embedded electrode embedded and arranged on the side and connected to the first semiconductor substrate, and a connecting portion connected to the embedded electrode.
- FIG. 1 It is a block diagram which shows an example of the functional structure of the image pickup apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this disclosure. It is a plane schematic diagram which shows the schematic structure of the image pickup apparatus shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram showing the cross-sectional structure along the line III-III'shown in FIG. It is an equivalent circuit diagram which shows an example of the structure of the pixel sharing unit which concerns on embodiment of this disclosure. It is sectional drawing which shows the structural example of the image pickup apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this disclosure. It is sectional drawing which shows the other structural example of the image pickup apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this disclosure. It is sectional drawing which shows the other structural example of the image pickup apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this disclosure.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of an image pickup device (imaging device 1) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 of FIG. 1 includes, for example, an input unit 510A, a row drive unit 520, a timing control unit 530, a pixel array unit 540, a column signal processing unit 550, an image signal processing unit 560, and an output unit 510B.
- Pixels 541 are repeatedly arranged in an array in the pixel array unit 540. More specifically, a pixel sharing unit 539 including a plurality of pixels is a repeating unit, which is repeatedly arranged in an array consisting of a row direction and a column direction. In the present specification, for convenience, the row direction may be referred to as an H direction, and the column direction orthogonal to the row direction may be referred to as a V direction. In the example of FIG. 1, one pixel sharing unit 539 includes four pixels (pixels 541A, 541B, 541C and 541D). Pixels 541A, 541B, 541C and 541D each have a photoelectric conversion unit 101 (shown in FIG. 8 and the like described later).
- the pixel sharing unit 539 is a unit that shares one pixel circuit (pixel circuit 210 in FIG. 3 described later). In other words, it has one pixel circuit (pixel circuit 210 described later) for every four pixels (pixels 541A, 541B, 541C and 541D). By operating this pixel circuit in a time division manner, the pixel signals of the pixels 541A, 541B, 541C and 541D are sequentially read out. Pixels 541A, 541B, 541C and 541D are arranged, for example, in 2 rows ⁇ 2 columns.
- the pixel array unit 540 is provided with pixels 541A, 541B, 541C, and 541D, as well as a plurality of row drive signal lines 542 and a plurality of vertical signal lines (column readout lines) 543.
- the row drive signal line 542 drives the pixels 541 included in each of the plurality of pixel sharing units 539 arranged side by side in the row direction in the pixel array unit 540.
- each pixel arranged side by side in the row direction is driven.
- the pixel sharing unit 539 is provided with a plurality of transistors.
- a plurality of row drive signal lines 542 are connected to one pixel sharing unit 539.
- a pixel sharing unit 539 is connected to the vertical signal line (column readout line) 543. Pixel signals are read from each of the pixels 541A, 541B, 541C and 541D included in the pixel sharing unit 539 via the vertical signal line (column read line) 543.
- the row drive unit 520 is, for example, a row address control unit that determines the position of a row for driving a pixel, in other words, a row decoder unit and a row drive that generates a signal for driving the pixels 541A, 541B, 541C, and 541D. Includes circuit section.
- the column signal processing unit 550 includes, for example, a load circuit unit connected to a vertical signal line 543 and forming a source follower circuit with pixels 541A, 541B, 541C and 541D (pixel sharing unit 539).
- the column signal processing unit 550 may have an amplifier circuit unit that amplifies the signal read from the pixel sharing unit 539 via the vertical signal line 543.
- the column signal processing unit 550 may have a noise processing unit. In the noise processing unit, for example, the noise level of the system is removed from the signal read from the pixel sharing unit 539 as a result of photoelectric conversion.
- the column signal processing unit 550 has, for example, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC).
- ADC analog-to-digital converter
- the ADC includes, for example, a comparator section and a counter section.
- the comparator section the analog signal to be converted and the reference signal to be compared with this are compared.
- the counter section the time until the comparison result in the comparator section is inverted is measured.
- the column signal processing unit 550 may include a horizontal scanning circuit unit that controls scanning the read sequence.
- the timing control unit 530 supplies a signal for controlling the timing to the row drive unit 520 and the column signal processing unit 550 based on the reference clock signal and the timing control signal input to the device.
- the image signal processing unit 560 is a circuit that performs various signal processing on the data obtained as a result of photoelectric conversion, in other words, the data obtained as a result of the image pickup operation in the image pickup apparatus 1.
- the image signal processing unit 560 includes, for example, an image signal processing circuit unit and a data holding unit.
- the image signal processing unit 560 may include a processor unit.
- An example of signal processing executed by the image signal processing unit 560 is that when the AD-converted imaging data is data obtained by photographing a dark subject, it has many gradations and is data obtained by photographing a bright subject. Is a tone curve correction process that reduces gradation. In this case, it is desirable to store the characteristic data of the tone curve in the data holding unit of the image signal processing unit 560 in advance as to what kind of tone curve the gradation of the imaging data is corrected based on.
- the input unit 510A is for inputting, for example, the reference clock signal, timing control signal, characteristic data, and the like from outside the device to the image pickup device 1.
- the timing control signal is, for example, a vertical synchronization signal and a horizontal synchronization signal.
- the characteristic data is to be stored in the data holding unit of the image signal processing unit 560, for example.
- the input unit 510A includes, for example, an input terminal 511, an input circuit unit 512, an input amplitude changing unit 513, an input data conversion circuit unit 514, and a power supply unit (not shown).
- the input terminal 511 is an external terminal for inputting data.
- the input circuit unit 512 is for taking the signal input to the input terminal 511 into the image pickup apparatus 1.
- the input amplitude changing unit 513 the amplitude of the signal captured by the input circuit unit 512 is changed to an amplitude that can be easily used inside the image pickup apparatus 1.
- the input data conversion circuit unit 514 the arrangement of the data string of the input data is changed.
- the input data conversion circuit unit 514 is composed of, for example, a serial-parallel conversion circuit. In this serial-parallel conversion circuit, the serial signal received as input data is converted into a parallel signal.
- the input amplitude changing unit 513 and the input data conversion circuit unit 514 may be omitted.
- the power supply unit supplies power supplies set to various voltages required inside the image pickup apparatus 1 based on the power supply supplied from the outside to the image pickup apparatus 1.
- the input unit 510A may be provided with a memory interface circuit that receives data from the external memory device.
- External memory devices are, for example, flash memory, SRAM, DRAM, and the like.
- the output unit 510B outputs the image data to the outside of the device.
- the image data is, for example, image data taken by the image pickup apparatus 1, image data processed by the image signal processing unit 560, or the like.
- the output unit 510B includes, for example, an output data conversion circuit unit 515, an output amplitude changing unit 516, an output circuit unit 517, and an output terminal 518.
- the output data conversion circuit unit 515 is composed of, for example, a parallel serial conversion circuit, and in the output data conversion circuit unit 515, the parallel signal used inside the image pickup apparatus 1 is converted into a serial signal.
- the output amplitude changing unit 516 changes the amplitude of the signal used inside the image pickup apparatus 1. The signal of the changed amplitude becomes easy to use in an external device connected to the outside of the image pickup apparatus 1.
- the output circuit unit 517 is a circuit that outputs data from the inside of the image pickup device 1 to the outside of the device, and the output circuit section 517 drives the wiring outside the image pickup device 1 connected to the output terminal 518. At the output terminal 518, data is output from the image pickup apparatus 1 to the outside of the apparatus.
- the output data conversion circuit unit 515 and the output amplitude changing unit 516 may be omitted.
- the output unit 510B may be provided with a memory interface circuit that outputs data to the external memory device.
- External memory devices are, for example, flash memory, SRAM, DRAM, and the like.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a planar configuration of each of the first substrate 100, the second substrate 200, and the third substrate 300
- FIG. 3 shows the first substrate 100 and the first substrate 100 laminated with each other.
- the cross-sectional structure of the second substrate 200 and the third substrate 300 is schematically shown.
- FIG. 3 corresponds to the cross-sectional configuration along line III-III'shown in FIG.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 is an image pickup apparatus having a three-dimensional structure configured by laminating three substrates (first substrate 100, second substrate 200, and third substrate 300).
- the first substrate 100 includes a semiconductor layer 100S and a wiring layer 100T.
- the second substrate 200 includes a semiconductor layer 200S and a wiring layer 200T.
- the third substrate 300 includes a semiconductor layer 300S and a wiring layer 300T.
- each substrate (first substrate) is a combination of the wiring included in each of the first substrate 100, the second substrate 200, and the third substrate 300 and the interlayer insulating film around the wiring. It is called a wiring layer (100T, 200T, 300T) provided on the 100, the second substrate 200 and the third substrate 300).
- the first substrate 100, the second substrate 200, and the third substrate 300 are laminated in this order, and the semiconductor layer 100S, the wiring layer 100T, the semiconductor layer 200S, the wiring layer 200T, and the wiring layer are laminated in this order.
- the 300T and the semiconductor layer 300S are arranged in this order.
- the specific configurations of the first substrate 100, the second substrate 200, and the third substrate 300 will be described later.
- the arrow shown in FIG. 3 indicates the direction of light L incident on the image pickup apparatus 1.
- the light incident side in the image pickup apparatus 1 is referred to as "lower”, “lower side”, and “lower”
- the side opposite to the light incident side is referred to as "upper”, "upper side", and "upper side”.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 is, for example, a back-illuminated image pickup apparatus in which light is incident from the back surface side of the first substrate 100 having a photodiode.
- Both the pixel array unit 540 and the pixel sharing unit 539 included in the pixel array unit 540 are configured by using both the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200.
- the first substrate 100 is provided with a plurality of pixels 541A, 541B, 541C and 541D included in the pixel sharing unit 539.
- Each of these pixels 541 has a photodiode (a photoelectric conversion unit 101 described later) and a transfer transistor (charge transfer unit 102 described later).
- the second substrate 200 is provided with a pixel circuit (pixel circuit 210 described later) included in the pixel sharing unit 539.
- the pixel circuit reads out the pixel signal transferred from each of the photodiodes of the pixels 541A, 541B, 541C and 541D via the transfer transistor, or resets the photodiode.
- the second substrate 200 has a plurality of row drive signal lines 542 extending in the row direction and a plurality of vertical signal lines 543 extending in the column direction.
- the second substrate 200 further has a power supply line 544 extending in the row direction.
- the third substrate 300 has, for example, an input unit 510A, a row drive unit 520, a timing control unit 530, a column signal processing unit 550, an image signal processing unit 560, and an output unit 510B.
- the row drive unit 520 is provided, for example, in a region partially overlapping the pixel array unit 540 in the stacking direction of the first substrate 100, the second substrate 200, and the third substrate 300 (hereinafter, simply referred to as the stacking direction). Has been done. More specifically, the row drive unit 520 is provided in a region overlapping the vicinity of the end portion of the pixel array unit 540 in the H direction in the stacking direction (FIG. 2).
- the column signal processing unit 550 is provided, for example, in a region partially overlapping the pixel array unit 540 in the stacking direction. More specifically, the column signal processing unit 550 is provided in a region overlapping the vicinity of the end portion of the pixel array unit 540 in the V direction in the stacking direction (FIG. 2).
- the input unit 510A and the output unit 510B may be arranged on a portion other than the third substrate 300, or may be arranged on, for example, the second substrate 200.
- the input unit 510A and the output unit 510B may be provided on the back surface (light incident surface) side of the first substrate 100.
- the pixel circuit provided on the second substrate 200 may be referred to as a pixel transistor circuit, a pixel transistor group, a pixel transistor, a pixel readout circuit, or a readout circuit, as another name. In this specification, the term “pixel circuit” is used.
- the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 are electrically connected by, for example, through electrodes (through electrodes 252, 253A and 253B in FIG. 8 described later).
- the second substrate 200 and the third substrate 300 are electrically connected to each other via, for example, contact portions 201, 202, 301 and 302.
- the second substrate 200 is provided with the contact portions 201 and 202
- the third substrate 300 is provided with the contact portions 301 and 302.
- the contact portion 201 of the second substrate 200 is in contact with the contact portion 301 of the third substrate 300
- the contact portion 202 of the second substrate 200 is in contact with the contact portion 302 of the third substrate 300.
- the second substrate 200 has a contact region 201R provided with a plurality of contact portions 201 and a contact region 202R provided with a plurality of contact portions 202.
- the third substrate 300 has a contact region 301R provided with a plurality of contact portions 301 and a contact region 302R provided with a plurality of contact portions 302.
- the contact regions 201R and 301R are provided between the pixel array unit 540 and the row drive unit 520 in the stacking direction (FIG. 3). In other words, the contact regions 201R and 301R are located in, for example, a region where the row drive unit 520 (third substrate 300) and the pixel array unit 540 (second substrate 200) overlap in the stacking direction, or in a region near the same. It is provided.
- the contact regions 201R and 301R are arranged, for example, at the ends of such regions in the H direction (FIG. 2).
- the contact region 301R is provided at a position overlapping a part of the row drive unit 520, specifically, the end portion of the row drive unit 520 in the H direction (FIGS. 2 and 3). ..
- the contact units 201 and 301 connect, for example, the row drive unit 520 provided on the third substrate 300 and the row drive signal line 542 provided on the second substrate 200.
- the contact units 201 and 301 may, for example, connect the input unit 510A provided on the third substrate 300 to the power supply line 544 and the reference potential line (ground line described later).
- the contact regions 202R and 302R are provided between the pixel array unit 540 and the column signal processing unit 550 in the stacking direction (FIG. 3).
- the contact regions 202R and 302R are located in, for example, a region where the column signal processing unit 550 (third substrate 300) and the pixel array unit 540 (second substrate 200) overlap in the stacking direction, or a region in the vicinity thereof. It is provided.
- the contact regions 202R and 302R are arranged, for example, at the ends of such regions in the V direction (FIG. 2).
- the contact region 301R is provided at a position overlapping a part of the column signal processing unit 550, specifically, the end portion of the column signal processing unit 550 in the V direction (FIGS. 2 and 2). 3).
- the contact units 202 and 302 use, for example, a pixel signal (a signal corresponding to the amount of electric charge generated as a result of photoelectric conversion by the photodiode) output from each of the plurality of pixel sharing units 539 included in the pixel array unit 540. This is for connecting to the column signal processing unit 550 provided on the substrate 300 of 3.
- the pixel signal is sent from the second substrate 200 to the third substrate 300.
- FIG. 3 is an example of a cross-sectional view of the image pickup apparatus 1 as described above.
- the first substrate 100, the second substrate 200, and the third substrate 300 are electrically connected via the wiring layers 100T, 200T, and 300T.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 has an electrical connection unit that electrically connects the second substrate 200 and the third substrate 300.
- the contact portions 201, 202, 301 and 302 are formed by electrodes made of a conductive material.
- the conductive material is formed of, for example, a metal material such as copper (Cu), aluminum (Al) and gold (Au).
- the contact regions 201R, 202R, 301R and 302R electrically connect the second substrate and the third substrate by directly joining the wirings formed as electrodes, for example, to the second substrate 200 and the second substrate. It enables input and / or output of a signal with the substrate 300 of 3.
- An electrical connection portion for electrically connecting the second substrate 200 and the third substrate 300 can be provided at a desired location.
- the contact regions may be provided in the region overlapping with the pixel array portion 540 in the stacking direction.
- the electrical connection portion may be provided in a region that does not overlap with the pixel array portion 540 in the stacking direction. Specifically, it may be provided in a region that overlaps with the peripheral portion arranged outside the pixel array portion 540 in the stacking direction.
- connection holes H1 and H2 are provided with connection holes H1 and H2, for example.
- the connection holes H1 and H2 penetrate the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 (FIG. 3).
- the connection holes H1 and H2 are provided outside the pixel array portion 540 (or a portion overlapping the pixel array portion 540) (FIG. 2).
- the connection hole portion H1 is arranged outside the pixel array portion 540 in the H direction
- the connection hole portion H2 is arranged outside the pixel array portion 540 in the V direction.
- the connection hole portion H1 reaches the input unit 510A provided on the third substrate 300
- the connection hole portion H2 reaches the output unit 510B provided on the third substrate 300.
- connection holes H1 and H2 may be hollow, or may contain a conductive material at least in a part thereof.
- a bonding wire is connected to an electrode formed as an input unit 510A and / or an output unit 510B.
- the electrodes formed as the input unit 510A and / or the output unit 510B are connected to the conductive materials provided in the connection holes H1 and H2.
- the conductive material provided in the connection holes H1 and H2 may be embedded in a part or all of the connection holes H1 and H2, or the conductive material may be formed on the side wall of the connection holes H1 and H2. good.
- the structure is such that the input unit 510A and the output unit 510B are provided on the third substrate 300, but the structure is not limited to this.
- the input unit 510A and / or the output unit 510B can be provided on the second substrate 200 by sending the signal of the third substrate 300 to the second substrate 200 via the wiring layers 200T and 300T.
- the input unit 510A and / or the output unit 510B can be provided on the first substrate 100 by sending the signal of the second substrate 200 to the first substrate 1000 via the wiring layers 100T and 200T. ..
- the image pickup device 1 and the pixel array unit 540 are examples of the image pickup devices described in the claims.
- FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the pixel sharing unit.
- the pixel sharing unit 539 includes a plurality of pixels 541 (representing four pixels 541 of pixels 541A, 541B, 541C and 541D in FIG. 4), one pixel circuit 210 connected to the plurality of pixels 541, and pixels. It includes a vertical signal line 543 connected to the circuit 210.
- the pixel circuit 210 includes, for example, four transistors, specifically, an amplification transistor 213, a selection transistor 214, a reset transistor 211, and a capacitance switching transistor 212.
- the pixel sharing unit 539 operates one pixel circuit 210 in a time division manner, so that the pixel signals of the four pixels 541 (pixels 541A, 541B, 541C and 541D) included in the pixel sharing unit 539 are respectively. Is sequentially output to the vertical signal line 543.
- One pixel circuit 210 is connected to a plurality of pixels 541, and the pixel signal of the plurality of pixels 541 is output in a time division by one pixel circuit 210. Share the circuit 210.
- Pixels 541A, 541B, 541C and 541D have components common to each other.
- the pixels 541A, 541B, 541C and 541D are, for example, a photoelectric conversion unit 101, a charge transfer unit 102 electrically connected to the photoelectric conversion unit 101, and a charge holding unit 103 electrically connected to the charge transfer unit 102. And have.
- the cathode is electrically connected to the source of the charge transfer unit 102
- the anode is electrically connected to the reference potential line (for example, the ground line).
- the photoelectric conversion unit 101 photoelectrically converts the incident light and generates an electric charge according to the amount of received light.
- the charge transfer unit 102 (charge transfer unit 102A, 102B, 102C and 102D) is, for example, an n-channel MOS transistor.
- the drain is electrically connected to the charge holding unit 103
- the gate is electrically connected to the drive signal lines (signal lines TG1, TG2, TG3 and TG4).
- This drive signal line is a part of a plurality of line drive signal lines 542 (see FIG. 1) connected to one pixel sharing unit 539.
- the charge transfer unit 102 transfers the charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit 101 to the charge holding unit 103.
- the charge holding unit 103 (charge holding units 103A, 103B, 103C and 103D) is an n-type diffusion layer region formed in the p-type semiconductor layer. Such a charge holding unit 103 is referred to as a floating diffusion (FD).
- the charge holding unit 103 is a charge holding means that temporarily holds the charge transferred from the photoelectric conversion unit 101, and is a charge-voltage conversion means that generates a voltage corresponding to the amount of the charge.
- the four charge holding units 103 (charge holding units 103A, 103B, 103C and 103D) included in the pixel sharing unit 539 of 1 are electrically connected to each other, and the gate of the amplification transistor 213 and the source of the capacitance switching transistor 212 are connected to each other. Is electrically connected to.
- the drain of the capacitance switching transistor 212 is connected to the source of the reset transistor 211, and the gate of the capacitance switching transistor 212 is connected to the drive signal line FDG.
- This drive signal line FDG is a part of a plurality of line drive signal lines 542 connected to one pixel sharing unit 539.
- the drain of the reset transistor 211 is connected to the power line Vdd, and the gate of the reset transistor 211 is connected to the drive signal line RST.
- This drive signal line RST is a part of a plurality of line drive signal lines 542 connected to one pixel sharing unit 539.
- the gate of the amplification transistor 213 is connected to the charge holding unit 103, the drain of the amplification transistor 213 is connected to the power line Vdd, and the source of the amplification transistor 213 is connected to the drain of the selection transistor 214.
- the source of the selection transistor 214 is connected to the vertical signal line 543, and the gate of the selection transistor 214 is connected to the drive signal line SEL.
- This drive signal line SEL is a part of a plurality of line drive signal lines 542 connected to one pixel sharing unit 539.
- the gate (transfer gate) of the charge transfer unit 102 includes, for example, a so-called vertical electrode, and as shown in FIG. 8 described later, from the surface of the semiconductor layer (semiconductor layer 100S in FIG. 8 described later) to the photoelectric conversion unit. It is extended to a depth of 101.
- the reset transistor 211 resets the potential of the charge holding unit 103 to a predetermined potential. When the reset transistor 211 is turned on, the potential of the charge holding unit 103 is reset to the potential of the power supply line Vdd.
- the selection transistor 214 controls the output timing of the pixel signal from the pixel circuit 210.
- the amplification transistor 213 generates a signal having a voltage corresponding to the level of the charge held in the charge holding unit 103 as a pixel signal.
- the amplification transistor 213 is connected to the vertical signal line 543 via the selection transistor 214.
- the amplification transistor 213 constitutes a source follower together with a load circuit unit (see FIG. 1) connected to the vertical signal line 543 in the column signal processing unit 550.
- the selection transistor 214 When the selection transistor 214 is turned on, the amplification transistor 213 outputs the voltage of the charge holding unit 103 to the column signal processing unit 550 via the vertical signal line 543.
- the reset transistor 211, the amplification transistor 213 and the selection transistor 214 are, for example, n-channel MOS transistors.
- the capacitance switching transistor 212 is used when changing the gain of charge-voltage conversion in the charge holding unit 103.
- the capacitance C of the FD needs to be large so that the V when converted into a voltage by the amplification transistor 213 does not become too large (in other words, so that it becomes small). Based on these, when the capacitance switching transistor 212 is turned on, the gate capacitance for the capacitance switching transistor 212 increases, so that the capacitance C of the entire FD increases. On the other hand, when the capacitance switching transistor 212 is turned off, the capacitance C of the entire FD becomes smaller. By switching the capacitance switching transistor 212 on and off in this way, the capacitance C of the FD can be made variable and the conversion efficiency can be switched.
- the capacitance switching transistor 212 is, for example, an n-channel MOS transistor.
- the pixel circuit 210 is composed of three transistors, for example, an amplification transistor 213, a selection transistor 214, and a reset transistor 211.
- the pixel circuit 210 has, for example, at least one of pixel transistors such as an amplification transistor 213, a selection transistor 214, a reset transistor 211, and a capacitance switching transistor 212.
- the selection transistor 214 may be provided between the power supply line Vdd and the amplification transistor 213.
- the drain of the reset transistor 211 is electrically connected to the power line Vdd and the drain of the selection transistor 214.
- the source of the selection transistor 214 is electrically connected to the drain of the amplification transistor 213, and the gate of the selection transistor 214 is electrically connected to the row drive signal line 542 (see FIG. 1).
- the source of the amplification transistor 213 (the output end of the pixel circuit 210) is electrically connected to the vertical signal line 543, and the gate of the amplification transistor 213 is electrically connected to the source of the reset transistor 211.
- the number of pixels 541 sharing one pixel circuit 210 may be other than four. For example, two or eight pixels 541 may share one pixel circuit 210.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of the image pickup apparatus according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the figure is a cross-sectional view showing an outline of the image pickup apparatus 1.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 in the figure includes a first substrate 100, a second substrate 200, and a third substrate 300.
- the first substrate 100 includes the semiconductor layer 100S and the wiring layer 100T
- the second substrate 200 includes the semiconductor layer 200S and the wiring layer 200T
- the third substrate 300 includes the semiconductor layer 300S and the wiring layer 300T.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 further includes a protective film 181, a color filter 182, and an on-chip lens 401.
- pixels 541A and 541B are shown.
- the semiconductor layer 100S includes a first semiconductor substrate 120, an insulating film 129, and a separation portion 171.
- the first semiconductor substrate 120 is a semiconductor substrate on which the photoelectric conversion unit 101 is arranged.
- a charge transfer unit 102 and a charge holding unit 103 are further arranged on the first semiconductor substrate 120 in the figure.
- the photoelectric conversion units 101A and 101B, the charge transfer units 102A and 102B, and the charge holding units 103A and 103B are shown.
- the first semiconductor substrate 120 can be made of, for example, silicon (Si).
- the wiring layer 100T is arranged on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the insulating film 129 is a film that insulates the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the insulating film 129 can be made of silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) or silicon nitride (SiN).
- the separation unit 171 is arranged at the boundary of the pixel 541 to separate the pixel 541.
- the embedded electrodes 161 and 162 are further arranged at the boundary of the pixel 541 in the figure.
- the wiring layer 100T includes an insulating layer 141.
- the insulating layer 141 insulates a gate electrode, a through electrode 251 and the like arranged on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the insulating layer 141 can be made of, for example, SiO 2 .
- the semiconductor layer 200S includes a second semiconductor substrate 220 and an insulating film 229. Further, a through hole 262 is arranged in the semiconductor layer 200S.
- the second semiconductor substrate 220 is a semiconductor substrate on which the pixel circuit 210 is arranged.
- the reset transistor 211 and the amplification transistor 213 of the pixel circuit 210 are described on the second semiconductor substrate 220 in the figure.
- the second semiconductor substrate 220 can be made of Si, like the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the through hole 262 is a through hole formed in the second semiconductor substrate 220 for passing the through electrode 251 and the like, which will be described later.
- An insulating layer 241 is arranged in the through hole 262.
- the wiring layer 200T includes an insulating layer 241, a wiring 242, a via plug 243, through electrodes 251 to 253, and contact portions 201 and 202.
- the wiring 242 is a conductor that transmits an electric signal or the like to an element or the like arranged on the second semiconductor substrate 220.
- the wiring 242 can be made of a metal such as copper (Cu).
- the insulating layer 241 insulates the wiring 242 and the like.
- the insulating layer 241 can be made of SiO 2 or the like.
- the wiring 242 and the insulating layer 241 can be configured in multiple layers. In the figure, a wiring 242 composed of two layers and an insulating layer 241 are shown as examples. Wiring 242s arranged in different layers can be connected by a via plug 243.
- the via plug 243 can be made of a columnar metal, for example, a columnar Cu.
- Through electrodes 251 and 252 are columnar electrodes that connect the wiring 242 and the member arranged on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120. Through electrodes 251 and 252 are connected to embedded electrodes 161 and 162, respectively. These through electrodes 252 and the like can be made of a metal such as tungsten and can be arranged in the through holes 262.
- the through electrode 251 connects the first semiconductor substrate 120 and another semiconductor substrate in order to make the reference potential common.
- the through electrode 252 transfers the electric charge of the charge holding portion 103 of the first semiconductor substrate 120 to the second semiconductor substrate 220.
- These through electrodes 251 and 252 can be made of, for example, columnar tungsten.
- the through silicon via 251 in the figure is connected to the third substrate 300 via the wiring 242, the via plug 243, and the contact portion 201.
- the contact portions 201 and 202 are connected to the contact portions 301 and 303 of the third substrate 300, respectively.
- the contact portion 201 is connected to the through electrode 251 and transmits a reference potential.
- the contact unit 202 is used for transmitting signals and the like.
- the semiconductor layer 300S includes a third semiconductor substrate 320.
- the above-mentioned image signal processing unit 560 (not shown) or the like is arranged on the third semiconductor substrate 320. Further, a well region is formed on the third semiconductor substrate 320.
- the semiconductor region 321 is arranged in this well region.
- the semiconductor region 321 is configured with a relatively high impurity concentration, and the contact plug 344 is connected to the semiconductor region 321.
- the wiring layer 300T includes an insulating layer 341, a wiring 342, a via plug 343, a contact plug 344, and contact portions 301 and 302. Since these configurations are the same as those of the insulating layer 241, the wiring 242, the via plug 243, the contact plug 244, and the contact portions 301 and 302, the description thereof will be omitted.
- the protective film 181 protects the back surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the protective film 181 can be made of, for example, SiO 2 .
- the color filter 182 is an optical filter arranged for each pixel 541 and transmitting light having a predetermined wavelength among the incident light.
- the on-chip lens 401 is a lens arranged for each pixel 541 and condensing the incident light on the photoelectric conversion unit 101.
- first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 are connected via through electrodes, and the second substrate 200 and the third substrate 300 are connected via a contact portion.
- first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 may also be connected via a contact portion.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another configuration example of the image pickup apparatus according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
- an insulating layer 241 is also formed on the back surface of the semiconductor layer 200S, and a contact portion 249 is arranged.
- the contact portion 249 is connected to the contact portion 149 arranged on the first substrate 100 in the figure.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing another configuration example of the image pickup apparatus according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the second substrate 200 in the figure corresponds to the inverted top and bottom of the second substrate 200 in FIG.
- the electrical connection between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 and the electrical connection between the second substrate 200 and the third substrate 300 are pixel arrays. It shows an example which is arranged at the position which overlaps with a part 540.
- the electrical connection between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 and the electrical connection between the second substrate 200 and the third substrate 300 are arranged in the outer region of the pixel array portion 540. It is also possible to take a configuration. Specifically, in FIGS. 3 and 5-7, the contact portions 201, 202, 301 and 302, which are electrical connections between the second substrate 200 and the third substrate 300, are outside the pixel array portion 540. It can also be placed in the area of. Similarly, in FIGS. 6 and 7, the contact portions 149 and 249, which are electrical connections between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200, can also be arranged in the outer region of the pixel array portion 540. ..
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel sharing unit according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a configuration example of the pixel sharing unit 539 in the pixel array unit 540. Further, the figure is a diagram showing the configurations of the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 as viewed from the side of the second substrate 200.
- the white rectangular area represents the area of the first semiconductor substrate 120 corresponding to the area of the pixel 541. Further, the region with the point hatching represents the semiconductor region formed on the first semiconductor substrate 120. Further, the diagonal rectangular region represents the gate electrode of the charge transfer unit 102.
- the white circles represent through electrodes 251 to 253.
- the dotted rectangle represents the element of the pixel circuit 210 (reset transistor 211, capacitance switching transistor 212, amplification transistor 213 and selection transistor 214).
- the dotted rectangle drawn on the boundary of the pixel 541 represents the range of the pixel sharing unit 539.
- the two-dot chain line rectangle represents the range of the pixel group 538, which will be described later.
- a separation unit 171 is arranged at the boundary of the pixel 541.
- the separation unit 171 is configured to surround the pixel 541.
- the embedded electrodes 161 and 162 are further arranged on the first semiconductor substrate 120 at the boundary of the pixel 541.
- the embedded electrode 161 is connected to the well region of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the semiconductor region 123 is arranged on the first semiconductor substrate 120 of the pixel 541 adjacent to the embedded electrode 161 in the figure.
- the embedded electrode 161 is connected to the well region via the semiconductor region 123.
- the embedded electrode 162 is connected to the semiconductor region 122 constituting the charge holding unit 103.
- the embedded electrodes 161 and 162 in the figure are embedded and arranged in the first semiconductor substrate 120 adjacent to the corners of the four pixels 541.
- the pixels 541A, 541B, 541C and 541D are arranged on the first substrate 100. As shown in the figure, the pixels 541A, 541B, 541C and 541D are arranged in 2 rows and 2 columns, and the charge holding portions 103A, 103B, 103C and 103D are arranged in the vicinity of the central portions thereof. Adjacent to these charge holding units 103A, 103B, 103C and 103D, charge transfer units 102A, 102B, 102C and 102D and photoelectric conversion units 101A, 101B, 101C and 101D are arranged, respectively.
- the configuration of the pixel sharing unit 539 is not limited to this example.
- the pixel sharing unit 539 may be configured to include a number of pixels 541 other than 4.
- the embedded electrode 162 is arranged at the center of the pixels 541A, 541B, 541C and 541D in 2 rows and 2 columns.
- the pixels 541A, 541B, 541C and 541D and the pixel circuit 210 of the second semiconductor substrate 220 form the pixel sharing unit 539.
- the pixels 541A, 541B, 541C and 541D are commonly connected to the embedded electrode 162 and the pixel circuit 210.
- Such pixel sharing units 539 are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix.
- the pixel group 538 also has four pixels 541 with 2 rows and 2 columns.
- the pixel 541 constituting the pixel group 538 corresponds to a pixel at a position shifted by one pixel in the vertical and horizontal directions in the figure with respect to the pixel sharing unit 539.
- the embedded electrode 161 is arranged at the center of four pixels 541 having two rows and two columns constituting the pixel group 538. These four pixels 541 are commonly connected to the embedded electrode 161.
- the configuration of the pixel group 538 is not limited to this example.
- the pixel group 538 may be configured to include a number of pixels 541 other than 4.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the figure is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of the pixel 541. This figure corresponds to a cross-sectional view taken along the line aa'in FIG.
- pixels 541A and 541B are shown.
- the description of the third semiconductor substrate 320 is omitted.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 101, the charge transfer unit 102, and the charge holding unit 103 are arranged on the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the photoelectric conversion units 101A and 101B, the charge transfer units 102A and 102B, and the charge holding units 103A and 103B are shown. These elements are arranged in a well region formed on the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the first semiconductor substrate 120 in the figure constitutes a p-type well region. By arranging the n-type semiconductor region in the p-type well region, the element (diffusion layer) can be formed.
- the point hatching region described on the first semiconductor substrate 120 in the figure represents an n-type semiconductor region.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 101A is composed of an n-type semiconductor region 121A.
- the photodiode composed of the pn junction formed at the interface between the n-type semiconductor region 121A and the surrounding p-type well region corresponds to the photoelectric conversion unit 101A.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 101A is formed closer to the back surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120. Further, a part of the photoelectric conversion unit 101A is expanded in the vicinity of the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 101B is also configured in the same manner as the photoelectric conversion unit 101A.
- the charge holding portions 103A and 103B are composed of n-type semiconductor regions 122A and 122B, respectively. These n-type semiconductor regions 122A and 122B constitute the above-mentioned FD. Further, the semiconductor regions 122A and 122B are arranged adjacent to the embedded electrode 162.
- the charge transfer unit 102A is composed of semiconductor regions 121A and 122A and a gate electrode 131A.
- the n-type semiconductor regions 121A and 122A correspond to the source region and drain region of the charge transfer unit 102A.
- the charge transfer unit 102A in the figure is composed of a planar type or horizontal type MOS transistor in which channels are formed along the surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- the gate electrode 131A is arranged on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the gate electrode 131A in the figure is provided with a sidewall.
- the charge transfer unit 102B is composed of semiconductor regions 121B and 122B and a gate electrode 131B.
- the gate electrodes 131A and 131B can be made of polycrystalline silicon into which impurities are injected.
- the insulating film 129 between the gate electrodes 131A and 131B and the first semiconductor substrate 120 constitutes a gate insulating film.
- a through electrode 253 is connected to the gate electrode 131A of the charge transfer unit 102A.
- the gate electrode 131A of the charge transfer unit 102A is connected to the signal line TG1 via the through electrode 253.
- the gate electrode 131B of the charge transfer unit 102B is also connected to the signal line TG2 via the through electrode 253.
- the semiconductor regions 123A and 123B are arranged on the first semiconductor substrate 120. These semiconductor regions 123A and 123B are semiconductor regions arranged in the well region of the first semiconductor substrate 120, and are semiconductor regions having the same conductive type and relatively high impurity concentration as the well region. Further, the semiconductor regions 123A and 123B are arranged adjacent to the embedded electrode 161.
- the semiconductor region 123 is an example of the high-concentration impurity region described in the claims.
- the separation unit 171 is arranged at the boundary of the pixel 541 to separate the pixel 541.
- the separation unit 171 separates the adjacent pixels 541 in the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the separation portion 171 can be configured, for example, by embedding an insulating material such as SiO 2 in the groove portion 179 penetrating from the front surface side to the back surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120. Further, a light-shielding member that shields the incident light can be arranged in the separation unit 171.
- the embedded electrodes 161 and 162 are electrodes arranged at the boundary of the pixel 541. Further, the embedded electrodes 161 and 162 are arranged on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 at a position overlapping with the separation portion 171.
- the embedded electrodes 161 and 162 can be made of, for example, polycrystalline silicon infused with impurities.
- the embedded electrode 161 is arranged adjacent to the semiconductor region 123 (semiconductor regions 123A and 123B) and is connected to the well region of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- a through electrode 251 is connected to the embedded electrode 161 to supply a reference potential (well potential).
- the semiconductor region 123 is a semiconductor region arranged to make the connection between the embedded electrode 161 and the first semiconductor substrate 120 or the like an ohmic connection, and is configured to have a relatively high impurity concentration of the same conductive type as the well region. It is a semiconductor area to be used.
- the embedded electrode 162 is arranged adjacent to the semiconductor region 122 (semiconductor regions 122A and 122B) and is connected to the charge holding portion 103 (charge holding portions 103A and 103B).
- a through electrode 252 is connected to the embedded electrode 162.
- the through electrode 252 connects the charge holding portion 103 and the pixel circuit 210.
- the through silicon vias 251 and 252 are examples of the connection portions described in the claims.
- a pixel circuit 210 is arranged on the second semiconductor substrate 220.
- the reset transistor 211 and the amplification transistor 213 are shown.
- the reset transistor 211 and the amplification transistor 213 are arranged in the well region of the second semiconductor substrate 220. Similar to the first semiconductor substrate 120, the p-type well region is formed on the second semiconductor substrate 220. For convenience, it is assumed that the second semiconductor substrate 220 in the figure constitutes a p-type well region.
- the reset transistor 211 is composed of n-type semiconductor regions 221 and 222 and a gate electrode 231.
- the gate electrode 231 of the reset transistor 211 is connected to the signal line RST via the contact plug 244.
- the amplification transistor 213 is composed of n-type semiconductor regions 223 and 224 and a gate electrode 232.
- the gate electrode 232 of the amplification transistor 213 is connected to the through electrode 252 via the contact plug 244 and the wiring 242. That is, the gate electrode 232 of the amplification transistor 213 is connected to the charge holding portions 103A and 103B via the contact plug 244, the wiring 242, the through electrode 252, and the embedded electrode 162.
- the second semiconductor substrate 220 is arranged with semiconductor regions 225A and 225B having a p-type relatively high impurity concentration. These p-type semiconductor regions 225A and 225B are connected to the through electrode 251 via the contact plug 244 and the wiring 242. As a result, the well region of the second semiconductor substrate 220 is connected to the well region of the first semiconductor substrate 120. A common well potential is supplied to the first semiconductor substrate 120 and the second semiconductor substrate 220.
- the through electrode 251 is further connected to the ground wire Vss of the third semiconductor substrate 320 (not shown) via the wiring 242 and the contact plug 244.
- the ground potential of the third semiconductor substrate 320 is supplied to the through electrode 251 as a reference potential (well potential). It is also possible to apply a fixed potential other than the ground potential to the reference potential.
- the embedded electrode 161 is arranged at the boundary of the pixel 541 and connected to the well region of the first semiconductor substrate 120 of the pixel 541.
- the semiconductor region 123 for obtaining an ohmic connection can be configured in a narrow occupied area adjacent to the embedded electrode 161.
- the through electrode 251 can be shared by the plurality of pixels 541.
- the number of through silicon vias 251 can be reduced.
- the opening area of the through hole 262 of the second semiconductor substrate 220 in which the through electrode 251 is arranged can be reduced, and the arrangement of the elements of the pixel circuit 210 in the second semiconductor substrate 220 can be facilitated. ..
- the embedded electrode 161 when the embedded electrode 161 is not used, it is necessary to connect the through electrode 251 to the first semiconductor substrate 120 of the pixel 541 to supply the well potential. Specifically, the through electrode 251 is connected to the semiconductor region 123. In this case, it is necessary to arrange the semiconductor region 123 having a relatively large area. This is to reduce the occurrence of defects due to misalignment of the through silicon via 251 in the manufacturing process. Therefore, the area allocated to the photoelectric conversion unit 101 and the like in the pixel 541 is reduced.
- the charge holding portion 103 is configured in the same manner as the above-mentioned semiconductor region 123.
- the area of the semiconductor region 122 can be reduced.
- the through electrode 252 can be shared by the plurality of pixels 541. As a result, the number of through electrodes 252 can be reduced, and the opening area of the through hole 262 can be reduced.
- the embedded electrode 162 is arranged at a position overlapping the separation portion 171 at the boundary of the pixel 541 and connected to the first semiconductor substrate 120 of the pixel 541.
- Through electrodes 251 and the like connected to the first semiconductor substrate 120 inside the pixel 541 can be moved to the outside of the pixel 541, and the occupied area of the pixel 541 can be reduced.
- the embedded electrodes 161 and 162 are configured to be embedded in the groove portion 179 formed in the first semiconductor substrate 120 at the boundary of the pixel 541.
- the embedded electrodes 161 and 162 are shaped to be connected to the side surface of the first semiconductor substrate 120 adjacent to the groove portion 179.
- the connection surface between the embedded electrodes 161 and 162 and the first semiconductor substrate 120 is arranged in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the first semiconductor substrate 120, and the occupied area of the embedded electrodes 161 and 162 can be reduced. can. This makes it possible to reduce the occupied area of the pixel 541.
- the embedding depth (“D” in the figure) of the embedding electrode 161 or the like in the first semiconductor substrate 120 is 50 nm or more. This is because the connection surface between the embedded electrodes 161 and 162 and the first semiconductor substrate 120 can be widened, and the connection resistance can be reduced.
- the distance between the embedded electrode 162 and the gate electrode 131 (“W” in the figure) can be increased.
- the parasitic capacitance between the gate electrode 131 of the charge transfer unit 102 and the charge holding unit 103 can be reduced.
- the charge transfer efficiency of the charge transfer unit 102 can be improved.
- it is preferable that the height of the gate electrode 131 (“H2” in the figure) or less is equal to or less than the height of the embedded electrodes 161 and 162 (“H1” in the figure). This is because the parasitic capacitance between the gate electrode 131 and the embedded electrodes 161 and 162 can be reduced.
- 10A-10I is a diagram showing an example of a method for manufacturing an image pickup device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 10A-10I is a diagram showing an example of a manufacturing process of the image pickup apparatus 1, and is a diagram showing an example of a manufacturing process relating to the region of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- a well region and a semiconductor region 121 are formed on the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the resist 601 is arranged on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the opening 602 is arranged at the boundary portion of the pixel 541 (FIG. 10A).
- the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 is etched to form the groove portion 179 (FIG. 10B). This can be done, for example, by dry etching.
- the separation portion 171 is arranged in the groove portion 179 (FIG. 10C).
- a film of SiO 2 which is a material of the separation portion 171 is formed on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 including the groove portion 179 by using CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) to obtain a desired thickness. It can be done by grinding. CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) can be used for grinding the SiO 2 film.
- the separation portion 171 is ground to expose the side surface near the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 to the groove portion 179 (FIG. 10D). This can be done by etching the separation section 171 using the resist 601 as a mask. Anisotropic dry etching can be applied to this etching, for example.
- the embedded electrodes 161 and 162 are arranged in the groove portion 179 (FIG. 10E). This can be done, for example, by arranging polycrystalline silicon, which is the material of the embedded electrodes 161 and 162, in the groove portion 179 by CVD or the like.
- the resist 601 is removed (FIG. 10F).
- the gate insulating film, the gate electrode 131, and the sidewall are formed (FIG. 10G).
- the semiconductor region 123 and the like are formed (FIG. 10H). This can be done by ion implantation.
- the insulating film 129 is formed on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the insulating layer 141 is arranged (FIG. 10I). This can be done, for example, by forming a film of SiO 2 , which is the material of the insulating layer 141, by CVD.
- the configuration of the separation unit 171 is not limited to this example.
- a configuration may be adopted in which the separation portion 171 is arranged in the groove portion 179 formed from the back surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the separation portion 171 can be configured to have a depth that does not penetrate the first semiconductor substrate 120 and reaches the vicinity of the back surface side from the front surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing another configuration example of the pixel sharing unit according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a configuration example of the pixel sharing unit 539, as in FIG. 8.
- the pixel sharing unit 539 in the figure is different from the pixel sharing unit 539 in FIG. 8 in that a band-shaped embedded electrode is arranged instead of the embedded electrode 161.
- the embedded electrode 166 in the figure is an embedded electrode connected to the well region of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the embedded electrode 166 is an embedded electrode that is configured in a band shape and is arranged along the sides of a rectangular pixel 541 or the like in a plan view. Further, the embedded electrode 166 in the figure shows an example in which the shape is extended in the lateral direction in the figure.
- the embedded electrode 166 is connected to the well region via the semiconductor region 123.
- the semiconductor region 123 in the figure is formed in a band shape along the embedded electrode 166.
- FIG. 12A is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of the embedded electrode 166, and is a cross-sectional view taken along the dd'line of FIG.
- the embedded electrode 166 in the figure shows an example in which the width is substantially the same as that of the separation portion 171.
- FIG. 12B is a diagram showing an example of an embedded electrode 166 configured to have a width wider than that of the separation portion 171.
- the embedded electrode 166 in the figure is configured on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 110 with a cross section having a width wider than the width of the separation portion 171. Further, the embedded electrode 166 in the figure shows an example in which the width is wider than the opening width of the insulating film 129.
- the method for manufacturing the image sensor is not limited to the method shown in FIGS. 10A-10I.
- a groove-shaped opening is formed in the insulating film 129 adjacent to the separation portion 171 and a polycrystalline silicon film is further arranged adjacent to the embedded electrode 161 of FIG. 10I. You can also do it.
- the resist 601 is peeled off to form an insulating film 129, and the insulating film 129 inside the groove portion 179 and the upper surface of the shoulder is removed by pattern etching, and then a polycrystalline silicon film is formed to form a pattern. It is also possible to perform etching to form the embedded electrode 166. By applying these manufacturing methods, it is possible to form an embedded electrode such as the embedded electrode 166 shown in FIG. 12B in which the width of the upper portion is wider than the width of the separation portion 171.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another configuration example of the pixel sharing unit according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a plan view showing a configuration example of a pixel sharing unit 539 in which a band-shaped embedded electrode 166 is arranged, as in FIG. 11.
- the pixel sharing unit 539 in the figure is different from the pixel sharing unit 539 in FIG. 11 in that pixels 541 and the like configured in a rectangular shape are arranged.
- the pixels 541A and 541C form a phase difference pixel.
- the phase difference pixel can generate a phase difference signal for detecting the image plane phase difference by dividing the incident light from the subject into pupils and an image signal based on the incident light from the subject.
- two image signals based on the charges generated by the photoelectric conversion of the photoelectric conversion unit of the pixels 541A and 541C are output as the phase difference signal.
- Pixels 541B and 541D also form phase difference pixels in the same manner as pixels 541A and 541C.
- a gap is formed in the separation portion 171 between the pixels 541A and 541C and the pixels 541B and 541D. An overflow path is formed in this gap.
- a common on-chip lens 401 for pupil division is arranged in the pixels 541A and 541C constituting the phase difference pixel. Similarly, a common on-chip lens 401 is arranged in pixels 541B and 541D.
- the above-mentioned pixels 541A and 541C and pixels 541B and 541D can also be used as ordinary pixels that do not generate a phase difference signal. Further, the functions of the phase difference pixel and the normal pixel can be added to each region of the pixel array unit 540. Specifically, a part of the pixel 541A or the like in the pixel array unit 540 may be made to function as a phase difference pixel, and another pixel 541A or the like may be made to function as a normal pixel. Further, in the image pickup apparatus 1, when detecting the image plane phase difference, a part or all of the pixels 541A and the like are made to function as phase difference pixels, and in other cases, the pixels 541A and the like are made to function as normal pixels. You can also do it.
- the shapes of the semiconductor regions 122A to 122D are not limited to this example. For example, it can be configured to have a vertically long shape in the figure or a symmetrical shape similar to that in FIG.
- the embedded electrode 161 is arranged at the boundary of the pixel 541.
- a reference potential is supplied to the first semiconductor substrate 120 via the embedded electrode 161.
- the region related to the supply of the reference potential can be arranged outside the pixel 541, and the pixel 541 can be miniaturized.
- the embedded electrode 161 was arranged in the separation portion 171 of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 of the second embodiment of the present disclosure is different from the above-mentioned first embodiment in that the embedded electrodes 161 are connected to each other.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel sharing unit according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a configuration example of the pixel sharing unit 539, as in FIG. 8.
- the pixel sharing unit 539 in the figure is different from the pixel sharing unit 539 in FIG. 8 in that it includes a boundary portion wiring 163 for connecting the embedded electrodes 161 to each other.
- the boundary portion wiring 163 is wiring connected to the embedded electrode 161 arranged at the boundary of the pixel 541.
- the boundary portion wiring 163 in the figure shows an example configured in a shape embedded in the first semiconductor substrate 120. Specifically, the boundary portion wiring 163 in the figure is configured to be embedded in the separation portion 171.
- the boundary wiring 163 can be composed of, for example, polycrystalline silicon injected with impurities.
- the reference potential well potential
- the through silicon via 251 can be reduced by arranging the boundary portion wiring 163 to make the well potential of the pixel 541 common.
- the figure shows an example in which the boundary portion wiring 163 is arranged between the embedded electrodes 161 adjacent to each other in one direction (horizontal direction in the figure).
- the boundary portion wiring 163 may be arranged between the embedded electrodes 162 to connect the embedded electrodes 161 to each other. In this case, the adjacent charge holding portions 103 are connected to each other by the boundary portion wiring 163.
- FIGS. 15A and 15B are diagrams showing a configuration example of boundary wiring according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 15A and 15B show a configuration example of a cross section of the boundary wiring 163 along the bb'line and the cc' line of FIG. 14, respectively.
- the boundary wiring 163 in the figure is connected to the side surface of the embedded electrode 161 (FIG. 15A). Further, the boundary portion wiring 163 in the figure is configured so that the upper surface is exposed on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 (FIG. 15B). As shown in FIG. 15B, the boundary wiring 163 in the figure can be configured to be separated from the region of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the width of the separation portion 171 (“W2” in the figure) between the boundary portion wiring 163 and the first semiconductor substrate 120 can be 20 nm or more.
- the through silicon via 251 can also be arranged on the boundary wiring 163. This is because the boundary wiring 163 is electrically connected to the embedded electrode 161.
- 16A-16E is a diagram showing an example of a method for manufacturing a boundary wiring according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 16A-16E is a diagram showing an example of a manufacturing process of the boundary wiring 163.
- the separation portion 171 is formed on the first semiconductor substrate 120 (FIG. 16A).
- the resist 603 is arranged on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- an opening 604 is arranged at a portion where the boundary portion wiring 163 is arranged (FIG. 16B).
- the resist 603 is used as a mask to etch the separation portion 171 to form the opening 178 (FIG. 16C). This can be done, for example, by anisotropic dry etching.
- the material film 605 of the boundary wiring 163 is arranged on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 including the opening 178 (FIG. 16D). This can be done, for example, by forming a polycrystalline silicon film by CVD.
- the material film 605 is etched to remove the material film 605 in the portion other than the opening 178 (FIG. 16E). Thereby, the boundary portion wiring 163 can be formed. After that, the resist 603 is removed.
- FIGS. 17A and 17B are diagrams showing other configuration examples of the boundary wiring according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 17A and 17B are diagrams showing a configuration example of the boundary wiring 164.
- the boundary portion wiring 164 is wiring arranged adjacent to the surface of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- FIG. 17A shows a configuration example of a cross section of the boundary portion wiring 164 in the direction along the boundary of the pixel 541
- FIG. 17B shows a configuration example of a cross section of the boundary portion wiring 164 in the direction perpendicular to the boundary of the pixel 541.
- the boundary wiring 164 in the figure is connected to the upper surface of the embedded electrode 161 (FIG. 17A).
- the boundary portion wiring 163 in the figure is configured so that the upper surface and the side surface are exposed on the front surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 (FIG. 17B). Similar to the boundary wiring 163, the boundary wiring 164 of FIG. 17B can be configured to be separated from the region of the first semiconductor substrate 120. The distance between the boundary wiring 164 and the first semiconductor substrate 120 can be 20 nm or more. The through silicon via 251 can be arranged on the boundary wiring 163 instead of the embedded electrode 161.
- 18A-18G is a diagram showing an example of another manufacturing method of boundary wiring according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 18A-18G is a diagram showing an example of a manufacturing process of the boundary wiring 164.
- the figure on the left side of each of FIGS. 18A-18G shows the portion where the embedded electrode 161 is not arranged, and the figure on the right side shows the portion where the embedded electrode 161 is arranged.
- the separation portion 171 is formed on the first semiconductor substrate 120, and the embedded electrode 161 is arranged (FIG. 18A).
- the insulating film 129 is arranged on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 (FIG. 18B). This can be done, for example, by thermal oxidation.
- the resist 606 is arranged on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120. In this resist 606, an opening 607 is arranged at a portion where the boundary portion wiring 164 is arranged (FIG. 18C).
- the insulating film 129 is etched using the resist 606 as a mask to form an opening 608 in a region adjacent to the embedded electrode 161 (FIG. 18D). This can be done, for example, by dry etching.
- the resist 606 is removed (FIG. 18E).
- the material film 620 of the boundary wiring 164 is arranged on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 including the opening 608 (FIG. 18F). This can be done, for example, by forming a polycrystalline silicon film by CVD.
- the material film 620 is etched to remove the material film 620 other than the boundary of the pixel 541 (FIG. 18G). Thereby, the boundary portion wiring 164 can be formed.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing another configuration example of the pixel sharing unit according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 14 is a plan view showing a configuration example of the pixel sharing unit 539, as in FIG.
- the pixel sharing unit 539 in the figure is different from the pixel sharing unit 539 in FIG. 14 in that the boundary wiring 163 is arranged in a mesh pattern.
- the boundary wiring 163 in the figure connects the embedded electrodes 161 to each other in the vertical and horizontal directions in the figure.
- the wiring that supplies the well potential in the first semiconductor substrate 120 can be further reduced in resistance, and the potential difference in the well potential between the different pixels 541 can be reduced.
- the configuration of the image pickup apparatus 1 other than this is the same as the configuration of the image pickup apparatus 1 in the first embodiment of the present disclosure, the description thereof will be omitted.
- the adjacent embedded electrodes 161 are connected to each other by the boundary portion wiring 163 or the like. This makes it possible to reduce the potential difference in well potential between different pixels 541.
- FIGS. 20A-20C is a diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel array unit according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 20A-20C is a diagram showing a configuration example of the pixel array unit 540.
- the description of the reference numeral is omitted.
- FIG. 20A is a diagram showing an example in which through electrodes 251 and 252 are arranged on all the embedded electrodes 161 and 162 as in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 20B is a diagram showing an example in which the boundary wiring 163 is arranged between the embedded electrodes 161 adjacent in the lateral direction of the figure and the through electrodes 251 are alternately arranged with respect to the adjacent embedded electrodes 161.
- FIG. 20C is a diagram showing an example in which the boundary wiring 163 is arranged and the through electrode 251 is omitted.
- a through electrode 251 that supplies a reference potential is arranged outside the pixel array unit 540.
- the through electrode 251 arranged outside the pixel array unit 540 can be connected to, for example, a well region extending to an external region of the pixel array unit 540. Further, the through electrode 251 can be connected to the embedded electrode 161 of the pixel array portion 540 and also to the boundary portion wiring 163 extending to the outer region of the pixel array portion 540. In this way, the reference potential (well potential) can be supplied to the pixel 541 when the through electrode 251 is not arranged in the pixel array unit 540.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel array unit according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the figure is a diagram showing an example in which electrodes 661 and 662 adjacent to the front surface of the first semiconductor substrate 120 are used instead of the embedded electrodes 161 and 162.
- FIG. 6 shows a comparative example of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the electrodes 661 and 662 are configured so as not to be embedded in the first semiconductor substrate 120, and are bonded to the semiconductor region on the surface of the first semiconductor substrate 120. In order to reduce the connection resistance with the semiconductor region, the electrodes 661 and 662 need to be configured in a larger area than the embedded electrodes 161 and 162.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a comparison result of the pixel array unit according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Comparative Example 1, Application Example 1, Application Example 2 and Application Example 3 represent an example in the case of the pixel array unit 540 of FIGS. 21, 20A, 20B and 20C, respectively.
- the “charge holding unit shared pixel” in the figure represents the number of pixels of the charge holding unit 103 commonly connected by the embedded electrode 162.
- the “pixel circuit sharing unit” represents the number of pixels per pixel circuit 210.
- Connecting portion in the figure represents the number of connecting portions connecting between the first semiconductor substrate 120 and the second semiconductor substrate 220 in the pixel array portion 540. Specifically, it represents the number of through electrodes 251 to 253.
- the “charge transfer unit”, “charge holding unit”, and “well region” in the figure are the number of connection portions of the charge transfer unit 102 (gate electrode 131), the charge holding unit 103, and the well region (semiconductor region 123), respectively. Represents. “Total” in the figure represents the total of the charge transfer unit 102, the charge holding unit 103, and the connection unit of the well region.
- “Boundary wiring” in the figure indicates the presence or absence of boundary wiring 163 and the like.
- “Well contact” in the figure represents the position where the well contact is placed.
- the FD capacitance in the figure represents the capacitance (parasitic capacitance) between the gate electrode 131 and the charge holding portion 103.
- the "charge holding unit shared pixel” and “pixel circuit sharing unit” are 4 pixels, and the “charge transfer unit” and “charge holding unit” of the “connection unit” are 4 and 1, respectively. Become. This is because, in each example, the pixel sharing unit 539 is composed of four pixels 541 and one pixel circuit 210.
- the "well area” of the "connection portion” becomes 1. This is because a through electrode 251 is arranged for each embedded electrode 161.
- the "well area” of the "connection portion” is 0.5. This is because the through electrodes 251 are shared by the two pixel groups 538.
- the "well area” of the "connection portion” becomes 0.
- the “total” of the "connection portion” in Comparative Example 1, Application Example 1, Application Example 2 and Application Example 3 is 6, 6, 5.5 and 5, respectively.
- the application example 3 is outside the pixel, and the others are inside the pixel.
- Comparative Example 1 has a higher value than Application Examples 1 to 3. This is because the distance between the gate electrode 131 and the electrodes 661 and 662 is short.
- connection portions can be reduced in the application example in which the boundary portion wirings 163 and 164 are arranged.
- the pixel sharing unit 539 in the figure includes two sets of four pixels 541 sharing the embedded electrode 162.
- the pixel sharing unit 539 includes a total of eight pixels 541.
- FIG. 23A-23C is a diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel array unit according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 23A-23C is a diagram showing a configuration example of the pixel array unit 540, similarly to FIGS. 20A-20C.
- the pixel sharing unit 539 of FIGS. 23A-23C differs from the pixel sharing unit 539 of FIGS. 20A-20C in that it includes eight pixels 541.
- FIG. 23A is a diagram showing an example in which through electrodes 251 and the like are arranged on all the embedded electrodes 161 and 162, similarly to FIG. 20A.
- Through electrodes 252 are arranged on the two embedded electrodes 162 of the pixel sharing unit 539, respectively. These through electrodes 252 are commonly connected to the wiring 242 of the second semiconductor substrate 220 and are connected to the pixel circuit 210.
- FIG. 23B shows a case where the boundary portion wiring 163 is arranged between the embedded electrodes 161 adjacent in the lateral direction in the figure and the boundary portion wiring 163 or the like is connected between the two embedded electrodes 162 of the pixel sharing unit 539. It is a figure showing an example. Further, in FIG. 23B, an example in which the through electrode 251 is connected to the boundary portion wiring 163 or the like is described.
- FIG. 23C is a diagram showing an example in which the through silicon via 251 is further omitted with respect to the example of FIG. 23B.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a comparison result of the pixel array unit according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Comparative Example 2 assumes an example in which the pixel sharing unit 539 includes eight pixels 541 in the pixel array unit 540 having the pixels 541 of FIG. 21.
- Application example 4 shows an example in the case of the pixel array unit 540 of FIG. 23A.
- the application examples 5 and 6 assume an example in which the pixel sharing unit 539 includes eight pixels 541 in the pixel array unit 540 of FIGS. 20B and 15C, respectively.
- Application examples 7 and 8 represent examples in the case of the pixel array unit 540 of FIGS. 23B and 23C, respectively.
- the "charge holding unit shared pixel” and the “pixel circuit sharing unit” are 4 pixels and 2 ⁇ 4 pixels, respectively, and the “charge transfer unit” of the "connection unit” is 8. This is because, in each example, the pixel sharing unit 539 is composed of eight pixels 541 and one pixel circuit 210.
- the "charge holding portion" of the "connection portion” becomes 2 as in the application example 4.
- the "well area” of the "connection portion” becomes 1. This is because the through electrodes 251 are shared by the two pixel groups 538. Further, in the application example 6, the "well area” of the "connection portion” becomes 0.
- the “total” of the "connection portion” in the application example 5 and the application example 6 is 11 and 10, respectively.
- the "charge holding part” of the "connection part” becomes 1. This is because the through electrodes 252 are shared by the two embedded electrodes 162. Further, in the application example 7 and the application example 8, the "well area” of the "connection portion” becomes 1 and 0, respectively, as in the application example 5 and the application example 6. The “total” of the "connection portion” in the application example 7 and the application example 8 is 10 and 9, respectively.
- Comparative Example 2 and Application Example 4 "Boundary wiring” is “None", and in other cases, “Boundary wiring” is “Yes”. Further, in the application example 6 and the application example 8 in which the through electrode 251 is omitted, the "well contact” is “outside the pixel”, and in other cases, the “well contact” is “inside the pixel”. In the item of "FD capacity", Comparative Example 1 has a higher value than Application Examples 4 to 8. This is because the distance between the gate electrode 131 and the electrodes 661 and 662 is short as in Comparative Example 1.
- the number of connecting portions can be further reduced in the application example in which the boundary portion wirings 163 and 164 are connected to the embedded electrodes 161 and 162.
- the four pixels 541 share the embedded electrode 162 connected to the charge holding unit 103.
- an example of sharing the embedded electrode 162 connected to the charge holding unit 103 in the two pixels 541 will be described.
- FIGS. 25A-25E is a diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel array unit according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 25A-25E is a diagram showing a configuration example of the pixel array unit 540, similarly to FIGS. 23A-23C.
- the pixel array unit 540 of FIGS. 25A-25E differs from the pixel array unit 540 of FIGS. 23A-23C in that the embedded electrodes 161 and 162 are shared by two pixels 541 and the pixel sharing unit 539 includes six pixels 541. ..
- the pixel sharing unit 539 in the figure includes three sets of two pixels 541 sharing the embedded electrode 162.
- the pixel sharing unit 539 includes a total of six pixels 541.
- FIG. 25A is a diagram showing an example in which through electrodes 251 and the like are arranged on all the embedded electrodes 161 and 162, similarly to FIG. 23A.
- Through electrodes 252 arranged on the three embedded electrodes 162 of the pixel sharing unit 539 are commonly connected to the wiring 242 of the second semiconductor substrate 220 and connected to the pixel circuit 210.
- FIG. 25B is a diagram showing an example in which three embedded electrodes 161 are connected to each other by a boundary portion wiring 163 or the like. Further, in FIG. 23B, an example in which the through electrode 251 is connected to the boundary portion wiring 163 or the like is described.
- FIG. 23B an example in which the through electrode 251 is connected to the boundary portion wiring 163 or the like is described.
- FIG. 25C is a diagram showing an example in which the boundary portion wiring 163 and the like for connecting the three embedded electrodes 162 to each other are further provided with respect to the example of FIG. 25B.
- FIG. 25D is a diagram showing an example in which the example of FIG. 25A is further provided with a boundary portion wiring 163 or the like for connecting the embedded electrodes 161 of the two rows of pixels 541 in the horizontal direction of the figure to each other.
- FIG. 25E is a diagram showing an example in which a boundary portion wiring 163 or the like for connecting the embedded electrodes 161 of the two rows of pixels 541 in the horizontal direction of the same figure to each other is further provided with respect to the example of FIG. 25B.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a comparison result of the pixel array unit according to the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Comparative Example 3 assumes an example in which the embedded electrodes 161 and 162 are shared by two pixels 541 in the pixel array unit 540 having the pixels 541 of FIG. 21, and the pixel sharing unit 539 includes six pixels 541. It is a thing.
- Application Examples 9 to 13 represent examples in the case of the pixel array unit 540 of FIGS. 25A to 20E, respectively.
- the "charge holding unit shared pixel” and the “pixel circuit sharing unit” are 2 pixels and 3 ⁇ 2 pixels, respectively, and the “charge transfer unit” of the "connection unit” is 6. This is because, in each example, the pixel sharing unit 539 is composed of six pixels 541 and one pixel circuit 210.
- the "charge holding portion” of the "connection portion” is 2, as in the application example 9.
- the "well area” of the "connection portion” becomes 1. This is because the through electrodes 251 are shared by the three embedded electrodes 161 connected to each other by the boundary wiring 163 and the like.
- the “total” of the "connection portion” in the application example 10 is 10.
- the "charge holding portion” of the "connecting portion” becomes 1. This is because the through electrodes 252 are shared by the three embedded electrodes 162 connected to each other by the boundary wiring 163 and the like. Further, similarly to the application example 10, the "well area” of the "connection portion” becomes 1. The “total” of the "connection portion” in the application example 11 is 8.
- the “charge holding portion” of the “connection portion” becomes 3 as in the application example 10. Further, similarly to the application example 5 in FIG. 24, the “well area” of the “connection portion” becomes 0. The “total” of the "connection portion” in the application example 12 is 9.
- the “charge holding portion” of the “connection portion” becomes 1 as in the application example 11. Further, similarly to the application example 5 in FIG. 24, the “well area” of the “connection portion” becomes 0. The “total” of the "connection portion” in the application example 13 is 7.
- the number of connecting portions is further reduced in the application example in which the embedded electrodes 162 connected to the charge holding portions 103 are shared by the two pixels 541 and the boundary portion wirings 163 and 164 are connected to the embedded electrodes 161 and 162. be able to.
- FIG. 27A-27F is a diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel array unit according to a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 27A-27F is a diagram showing a configuration example of the pixel array unit 540, similarly to FIGS. 25A-25E.
- the pixel array unit 540 of FIGS. 27A-25F differs from the pixel array unit 540 of FIGS. 25A-25E in that the pixel array unit 540 includes the pixel sharing units 539A and 539B.
- the pixel sharing unit 539A includes four sets of two pixels 541 sharing the embedded electrode 162, and includes eight pixels 541. Further, the pixel sharing unit 539B includes five sets of two pixels 541 sharing the embedded electrode 162, and includes ten pixels 541.
- FIG. 27A is a diagram showing an example in which through electrodes 251 and the like are arranged on all the embedded electrodes 161 and 162, similarly to FIG. 23A.
- Through electrodes 252 arranged on the plurality of embedded electrodes 162 of the pixel sharing units 539A and 539B are commonly connected to the wiring 242 of the second semiconductor substrate 220 and connected to the pixel circuit 210.
- FIG. 27B is a diagram showing an example in which a boundary portion wiring 163 or the like for connecting the embedded electrodes 161 of the two rows of pixels 541 in the horizontal direction of the figure to each other is provided. In this example, the through silicon via 251 is omitted.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example in which through electrodes 251 and the like are arranged on all the embedded electrodes 161 and 162, similarly to FIG. 23A.
- Through electrodes 252 arranged on the plurality of embedded electrodes 162 of the pixel sharing units 539A and 539B are commonly connected to the wiring 242 of the second
- FIG. 27C is a diagram showing an example in which the boundary portion wiring 163 and the like for connecting the three embedded electrodes 162 to each other are further provided with respect to the example of FIG. 27B.
- FIG. 27D shows an example in which the pixel sharing unit 539A includes a boundary wiring 163 or the like connecting four embedded electrodes 162, and the pixel sharing unit 539B includes a boundary wiring 163 or the like connecting five embedded electrodes 162. It is a figure.
- FIG. 27E is a diagram showing an example in which, in contrast to the example of FIG. 27C, a boundary portion wiring 163 or the like for connecting the embedded electrodes 161 of the two rows of pixels 541 in the horizontal direction to each other is further provided.
- the boundary wiring 163 and the like for connecting the embedded electrodes 161 to each other are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the pixel sharing units 539A and 539B in the same figure, and are connected to the adjacent embedded electrodes 161.
- Through electrodes 251 need to be connected to the embedded electrodes 161 at the center of the pixel sharing units 539A and 539B.
- the through electrode 251 is arranged at the boundary portion wiring 163 or the like.
- FIG. 27F is a diagram showing an example in which the through silicon via 251 such as the boundary portion wiring 163 is omitted from the example of FIG. 27E.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a comparison result of the pixel array unit according to the sixth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Comparative Example 4 assumes a pixel array unit 540 having a pixel sharing unit 539A and 539B including the pixel 541 of FIG. 21.
- Application Examples 14 to 19 represent examples in the case of the pixel array unit 540 of FIGS. 27A to 27F, respectively.
- the "4x2 portion” and “5x2 portion” of the "connection portion” in the figure correspond to the portions of the pixel sharing units 539A and 539B, respectively.
- the “total” of the "connection portion” is the sum of the numbers of the through electrodes 251 and the like of the "4 ⁇ 2 portion” and the "5 ⁇ 2 portion”.
- the “charge holding unit shared pixel” becomes 2 pixels
- the "pixel circuit sharing unit” becomes 4 ⁇ 2 pixels (pixel sharing unit 539A) and 5 ⁇ 2 pixels (pixel sharing unit 539B).
- the “charge transfer section” of the “4 ⁇ 2 portion” and the “5 ⁇ 2 portion” in the “connection portion” is 8 and 10, respectively.
- the “4 ⁇ 2 portion” of the “connection portion” and the “charge holding portion” of the “5 ⁇ 2 portion” are 4 and 5, respectively.
- the “well area” of the “4 ⁇ 2 portion” and the “5 ⁇ 2 portion” of the “connection portion” becomes 0, as in the application example 5 of FIG.
- the “total” of the "connection portion” of the application example 5 is 27.
- the "charge holding portion” of the "connecting portion” becomes 1. This is because the plurality of through electrodes 252 of the pixel sharing units 539A and 539B are commonly connected by the boundary wiring 163 and the like. Further, similarly to the application example 14, the “well area” of the “4 ⁇ 2 portion” and the “5 ⁇ 2 portion” of the “connection portion” becomes 4 and 5, respectively. The “total” of the "connection portion” in the application example 12 is 29.
- the "charge holding portion” of the "connection portion” becomes 1 as in the application example 17. Further, the "well areas" of the "4x2 portion” and the “5x2 portion” of the “connection portion” are 2 and 3, respectively. This is because, unlike the application examples 15 and 16, the through electrode 251 is arranged on the embedded electrode 161. The “total” of the "connection portion” in the application example 18 is 25.
- the "charge holding portion” of the "connection portion” becomes 1 as in the application example 17. Further, the "well areas" of the "4x2 portion” and the “5x2 portion” of the “connection portion” are 1 and 2, respectively. This is because, unlike the application examples 15 and 16, the through electrode 251 is arranged on the embedded electrode 161 in the central portion of the pixel sharing units 539A and 539B. The “total” of the "connection portion” in the application example 19 is 23.
- the number of connecting portions can be further reduced in the application example in which the embedded electrodes 162 of the pixel sharing units 539A and 539B are connected to each other by the boundary portion wiring 163 or the like to share the through electrodes 251.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 of the first embodiment described above used a separation unit 171 made of an insulating material.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 of the seventh embodiment of the present disclosure is different from the above-mentioned first embodiment in that a separation unit 171 composed of other members is used.
- FIGS. 29A and 29B are diagrams showing a configuration example of a separation unit according to a seventh embodiment of the present disclosure. 29A and 29B are cross-sectional views showing a configuration example of the separation portion.
- the separation portion 171 of FIG. 29A is configured to have a relatively shallow depth from the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- a polycrystalline silicon layer 172 is arranged in the lower layer of the separation portion 171.
- the separation portion 173 is arranged adjacent to the polycrystalline silicon layer 172.
- the separation portion 173 is a semiconductor region having the same conductive type as the well region and having a relatively high impurity concentration.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer 172 is composed of polycrystalline silicon into which impurities are injected.
- impurities in the polycrystalline silicon layer 172 are diffused to the surrounding first semiconductor substrate 120.
- a separation portion 173 composed of a semiconductor region having a relatively high impurity concentration can be formed adjacent to the polycrystalline silicon layer 172.
- Such a method for diffusing impurities is called a solid phase diffusion method.
- the separation unit 173 can separate the first semiconductor substrate 120 in the pixel 541.
- the separation portion 174 of FIG. 29B is a semiconductor region having the same conductive type as the well region and having a relatively high impurity concentration, like the separation portion 173.
- the separation portion 174 can be formed by implanting ions into the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the configuration of the image pickup apparatus 1 other than this is the same as the configuration of the image pickup apparatus 1 in the first embodiment of the present disclosure, the description thereof will be omitted.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 of the seventh embodiment of the present disclosure separates the boundary of the pixel 541 by the separation portions 173 and 174 composed of the semiconductor region.
- the embedded electrodes 161 and 162 are arranged at the boundary of the pixel 541, and the reference potential and the potential of the charge holding portion are transmitted, respectively.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 of the eighth embodiment of the present disclosure is different from the above-mentioned first embodiment in that an embedded electrode having a shape surrounding the pixel 541 is arranged to transmit only the reference potential.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel sharing unit according to the eighth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a configuration example of the pixel sharing unit 539, as in FIG. 8.
- the pixel sharing unit 539 of FIG. 8 includes an embedded electrode 165 instead of the embedded electrodes 161 and 162, and the charge holding unit 103 is arranged apart from the boundary of the pixel 541 in that the pixel sharing unit 539 of FIG. 8 is separated from the pixel sharing unit 539 of FIG. different.
- the embedded electrode 165 is an embedded electrode arranged at the boundary of the pixel 541 and having a shape surrounding the pixel 541.
- the embedded electrode 165 transmits a reference potential (well potential) in the same manner as the embedded electrode 161.
- the semiconductor region 123 is arranged on the first semiconductor substrate 120 adjacent to the embedded electrode 165.
- the semiconductor region 123 is a semiconductor region having a relatively high impurity concentration arranged in the well region of the first semiconductor substrate 120. Through the semiconductor region 123, the resistance of the connection between the embedded electrode 165 and the well region can be reduced.
- the semiconductor region 123 can be configured to have a shape adjacent to a part of the embedded electrode 165. Further, the semiconductor region 123 can also be formed in an annular shape along the inside of the embedded electrode 165 in a plan view.
- the through electrode 251 that supplies the reference potential is connected to the portion of the embedded electrode 165 that extends outside the pixel array portion 540.
- a common well potential can be supplied to the well region of each pixel 541, and the through electrode 251 for each pixel 541 can be omitted.
- the embedded electrode 165 in a mesh shape, it is possible to reduce the resistance of the region of the embedded electrode 165 which is the transmission path of the reference potential.
- the potential difference in well potential between different pixels 541 can be reduced.
- the semiconductor region 122 constituting the charge holding unit 103 is arranged at a position separated from the boundary of the pixel 541. This is to keep it away from the embedded electrode 165 at the boundary of the pixel 541.
- the electrode 143 is connected to the semiconductor region 122 constituting the charge holding unit 103.
- the electrodes 143 are arranged in the charge holding portions 103 of all the pixels 541 of the pixel sharing unit 539.
- the plurality of electrodes 143 of the pixel sharing unit 539 are connected to the charge holding unit wiring 142 in the figure.
- the charge holding portion wiring 142 is wiring arranged between the first semiconductor substrate 120 and the second semiconductor substrate 220.
- a through electrode 254 is further connected to the charge holding portion wiring 142.
- the through electrode 254 is an electrode having a shape that penetrates the second semiconductor substrate 220.
- the through electrode 254 is connected to the pixel circuit 210.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel according to the eighth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of the pixel 541, as in FIG. 9.
- the pixel 541 in the figure is different from the pixel 541 in FIG. 9 in that the embedded electrode 165 is provided instead of the embedded electrodes 161 and 162, and the charge holding portion 103 is arranged apart from the boundary of the pixel 541.
- the embedded electrode 165 is embedded and arranged on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 at the boundary of the pixel 541 overlapping the separation portion 171.
- the semiconductor region 123 is arranged adjacent to the embedded electrode 165.
- the semiconductor region 122 constituting the charge holding unit 103 is arranged apart from the boundary of the pixel 541, and the electrode 143 is connected to the semiconductor region 122.
- the electrode 143 is an electrode made of a columnar metal or the like, like the through electrode 251. Further, the electrode 143 is connected to the charge holding portion wiring 142. Further, a through electrode 254, a wiring 242, and a via plug 243 are sequentially connected to the charge holding portion wiring 142 and connected to an element of the second semiconductor substrate 220 (amplification transistor 213 in the figure).
- the electrode 143 is an example of the second connection portion described in the claims.
- a part of the embedded electrode 165 is extended to the outer region of the pixel array portion 540, and the through electrode 251 is connected to it. Similar to FIG. 9, the through electrode 251 is connected to the ground line Vss of the third semiconductor substrate 320 via the wiring 242 and the contact plug 244, and the ground potential is supplied as a reference potential (well potential). The through electrode 251 is also connected to the semiconductor region 225 of the second semiconductor substrate 220.
- the configuration of the image pickup apparatus 1 other than this is the same as the configuration of the image pickup apparatus 1 in the first embodiment of the present disclosure, the description thereof will be omitted.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 of the eighth embodiment of the present disclosure arranges the embedded electrode 165 having a shape surrounding the pixel 541 to supply the reference potential.
- the region related to the supply of the reference potential can be arranged outside the pixel 541, and the pixel 541 can be miniaturized.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 of the eighth embodiment described above includes a charge transfer unit 102 composed of a planar type (horizontal type) MOS transistor.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 of the ninth embodiment of the present disclosure includes the charge transfer unit 102 composed of a vertical MOS transistor in which carriers move in the vertical direction, and the eighth embodiment described above is provided. Different from.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the pixel sharing unit according to the ninth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 30 is a plan view showing a configuration example of the pixel sharing unit 539, as in FIG. 30.
- the pixel sharing unit 539 in the figure is different from the pixel sharing unit 539 in FIG. 30 in that it includes a charge transfer unit 102 composed of a vertical MOS transistor.
- the charge holding unit 103 and the charge transfer unit 102 are arranged in the central portion.
- the charge transfer unit 102 is arranged in the lower layer of the semiconductor region 125 constituting the charge holding unit 103.
- the charge transfer unit 102 is composed of a vertical MOS transistor as described above.
- the channel region of the charge transfer unit 102 is arranged in a protrusion formed on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120, and includes a gate electrode 132.
- the gate electrode 132 is configured to surround the circumference of the channel region.
- the charge transfer unit 102 in the figure shows an example in which the charge transfer unit 102 has a rectangular shape similar to that of the pixel 541 in a plan view.
- a through electrode 253 is connected to the gate electrode 132.
- the electrode 143 is connected to the charge holding unit 103.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel according to a ninth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the figure is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of the pixel 541.
- the pixel 541 in the figure is different from the pixel 541 in FIG. 31 in that the charge holding portion 103 is composed of a vertical MOS transistor.
- a protrusion 126 is formed on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the channel region 124 of the charge holding portion 103 is arranged in the protruding portion 126.
- An annular groove 127 is arranged on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the protrusion 126 in the figure is formed by grinding the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 into the shape of an annular groove 127.
- a photoelectric conversion unit 101 is arranged at the lower portion of the charge transfer unit 102, and a charge holding unit 103 is arranged at the upper end portion of the charge transfer unit 102.
- the channel region 124 of the charge transfer unit 102 is composed of an n-type semiconductor.
- the n-type semiconductor region 121 of the photoelectric conversion unit 101 and the n-type semiconductor region 125 of the charge holding unit 103 correspond to the source region and the drain region of the charge transfer unit 102, respectively.
- carriers electrospray in the figure
- the thickness direction vertical direction
- the area of the charge transfer unit 102 on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 can be reduced. Further, it is possible to easily transfer the electric charge from the photoelectric conversion unit 101 which is configured as a back-illuminated type and is arranged in the deep part of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- An insulating film 129 corresponding to the gate insulating film is arranged on the surface of the channel region 124.
- a gate electrode 132 having a shape adjacent to the channel region 124 is arranged via the insulating film 129.
- the charge transfer unit 102 is configured as a depletion type MOS transistor.
- the charge transfer unit 102 is a so-called normally-on type MOS transistor. When the charge transfer unit 102 is in a non-conducting state, a negative electrode control signal is applied to the gate electrode 132.
- the gate electrode 132 in the figure shows an example configured in a shape surrounding the channel region 124.
- the effective channel width can be widened and the channel resistance can be reduced.
- a gate voltage can be applied to all the side surfaces of the channel region to form a depletion layer, and the channel region can be completely depleted. The leakage current when off can be reduced.
- the gate electrode 132 in the figure is arranged apart from the charge holding portion 103 in the thickness direction of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- a separation portion 134 is arranged between the gate electrode 132 in the figure and the semiconductor region 125 of the charge holding portion 103.
- An insulator similar to the insulating layer 141 is arranged in the separated portion 134.
- the separation portion 134 can be formed by arranging an annular groove 128 between the gate electrode 132 and the protrusion 126.
- the charge transfer unit 102 in the figure is configured to have a rectangular shape similar to that of the pixel 541 in a plan view. By configuring the charge transfer unit 102 in the same planar shape as the pixel 541, the area of the charge transfer unit 102 with respect to the pixel 541 can be widened.
- the configuration of the pixel 541 is not limited to this example.
- the embedded electrode 165 can be omitted.
- through electrodes 251 are arranged for each pixel 541 and connected to the semiconductor region 123 to supply a reference potential.
- 34A-34M is a diagram showing an example of a method for manufacturing an image pickup device according to a ninth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 34A-34M is a diagram showing an example of a manufacturing process of the image pickup apparatus 1, and is a diagram showing an example of a manufacturing process mainly related to the region of the charge transfer unit 102.
- the separation portion 171 and the embedded electrode 165 are arranged on the first semiconductor substrate 120 (FIG. 34A).
- the resist 609 is placed on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- an opening 610 is arranged in a portion forming the annular groove 127 (FIG. 34B).
- the resist 609 is used as a mask to etch the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 to form the annular groove 127. This can be done, for example, by dry etching.
- the protrusion 126 can be formed on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 (FIG. 34C).
- the insulating layer 141 is arranged in the annular groove 127 (FIG. 34D). This can be done, for example, by forming a film of the material film of the insulating layer 141 by CVD and grinding an unnecessary portion.
- the resist 611 is arranged on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120. In the resist 611, an opening 612 is arranged in a region where the gate electrode 132 is arranged (FIG. 34E).
- the insulating layer 141 arranged in the annular groove 127 is etched to form the groove portion 613 (FIG. 34F). This can be done, for example, by anisotropic dry etching.
- an insulating film 129 corresponding to the gate insulating film is formed on the side surface of the protrusion 126 and the bottom of the annular groove 127 (FIG. 34G). This can be done, for example, by thermal oxidation.
- the material film 614 of the gate electrode 132 is arranged on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 including the groove portion 613 (FIG. 34H). This can be done, for example, by forming a polycrystalline silicon film by CVD.
- the resist 615 is placed on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120. In the resist 615, an opening 616 is arranged at a portion forming the annular groove 128 (FIG. 34I).
- the resist 615 is used as a mask to etch the material film 614. At this time, etching is stopped at a position where the gate electrode 132 in the portion adjacent to the channel region 124 has a desired width (FIG. 34J). This etching can be performed by, for example, dry etching.
- the annular groove 128 can be formed.
- the insulating layer 141 is arranged in the annular groove 128, and the resist 615 is removed (FIG. 34K).
- the material film 614 on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 is removed.
- the gate electrode 132 can be formed (FIG. 34L).
- the insulating layer 141 is arranged on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120, and the through electrodes 253 and the electrodes 143 are arranged (FIG. 34M).
- the charge transfer unit 102 can be formed.
- FIG. 35 is a diagram showing a first modification of the configuration of the charge transfer unit according to the ninth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the figure is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the configuration of the charge transfer unit 102.
- the charge transfer unit 102 in the figure is different from the charge transfer unit 102 in FIG. 33 in that the annular groove 127 is formed in a substantially vertical cross section.
- 36A-36E is a diagram showing a second modification of the configuration of the charge transfer unit according to the ninth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 36A-36E are plan views showing a modified example of the configuration of the charge transfer unit 102.
- FIG. 36A is a diagram showing an example of a charge transfer unit 102 having a circular shape in a plan view. Further, in the figure, the charge holding portion 103 can also be formed in a circular shape in a plan view. Since the gate electrode 132 and the like are formed in a circular shape without corners, the concentration of the electric field can be relaxed.
- 36B-36E is a diagram showing an example of reducing the gate electrode 132 adjacent to the channel region 124 of the charge transfer unit 102.
- the gate electrode 132 can be configured in any shape that does not surround the channel region 124.
- the charge transfer unit 102 can be miniaturized.
- the capacitance between the gate electrode 132 and the channel region 124 can be reduced.
- the input capacitance of the charge transfer unit 102 is reduced, and the charge transfer unit 102 can be speeded up.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 of the ninth embodiment of the present disclosure can be miniaturized by including the charge transfer unit 102 composed of the vertical MOS transistor.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the pixel sharing unit according to the tenth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 32 is a plan view showing a configuration example of the pixel sharing unit 539, as in FIG. 32.
- the pixel sharing unit 539 in the figure is different from the pixel sharing unit 539 in FIG. 32 in that it includes the charge transfer unit wiring 144.
- the charge transfer unit wiring 144 is a signal line that is commonly arranged in the adjacent pixel sharing unit 539 and transmits a control signal of the charge transfer unit 102.
- the charge transfer unit wiring 144 will be described using the pixel sharing units 539E and 539F shown in the figure.
- the gate electrodes 132 of the four charge transfer units 102 of the pixel sharing unit 539E and the gate electrodes 132 of the corresponding charge transfer units 102 of the pixel sharing unit 539F are connected by the charge transfer unit wirings 144A to 144D, respectively.
- the gate electrode 131A of the charge transfer unit 102A in the pixel 541A of the pixel sharing unit 539E and the gate electrode 131 of the charge transfer unit 102A in the pixel 541A of the pixel sharing unit 539F are connected by the charge transfer unit wiring 144A. ..
- the gate electrodes 132 of the charge transfer units 102 of the pixels 541B to 541D are connected to each other by the charge transfer unit wirings 144B to 144D, respectively.
- Through electrodes 253 are arranged in these charge transfer unit wirings 144A to 144D, respectively.
- a U-shaped charge holding portion wiring 142 is arranged.
- the through electrodes are arranged for each of the charge holding unit 103 and the charge transfer unit 102 without using the charge holding unit wiring 142 and the charge transfer unit wiring 144, eight through electrodes 253 and the like are required for each pixel sharing unit 539. become.
- the charge holding unit wiring 142 and the charge transfer unit wiring 144 by using the charge holding unit wiring 142 and the charge transfer unit wiring 144, the number of through electrodes 253 and 254 per pixel sharing unit 539 can be reduced to three.
- the opening area of the through hole 262 of the second semiconductor substrate 220 for arranging the through electrode 253 and the like can be reduced.
- the number of through electrodes 253 is reduced by arranging the charge transfer unit wiring 144 and sharing the control signal between the adjacent pixel sharing units 539. Can be reduced.
- FIG. 38 shows an example of a schematic configuration of an imaging system including an imaging device according to the above embodiment and a modified example thereof.
- the image pickup system 7 is, for example, an image pickup device such as a digital still camera or a video camera, or an electronic device such as a mobile terminal device such as a smartphone or a tablet terminal.
- the image pickup system 7 includes, for example, an image pickup device 1, a DSP circuit 743, a frame memory 744, a display unit 745, a storage unit 746, an operation unit 747, and a power supply unit 748 according to the above embodiment and its modifications.
- the image pickup apparatus 1, the DSP circuit 743, the frame memory 744, the display unit 745, the storage unit 746, the operation unit 747, and the power supply unit 748 according to the above-described embodiment and its modification are via the bus line 794. They are interconnected.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 outputs image data according to the incident light.
- the DSP circuit 743 is a signal processing circuit that processes a signal (image data) output from the image pickup apparatus 1 according to the above embodiment and its modification.
- the frame memory 744 temporarily holds the image data processed by the DSP circuit 743 in frame units.
- the display unit 745 comprises a panel-type display device such as a liquid crystal panel or an organic EL (Electro Luminescence) panel, and displays a moving image or a still image captured by the image pickup device 1 according to the above embodiment and its modified example. ..
- the storage unit 746 records image data of a moving image or a still image captured by the image pickup apparatus 1 according to the above embodiment and a modification thereof on a recording medium such as a semiconductor memory or a hard disk.
- the operation unit 747 issues operation commands for various functions of the image pickup system 7 according to the operation by the user.
- the power supply unit 748 supplies various power sources that serve as operating power sources for the image pickup device 1, the DSP circuit 743, the frame memory 744, the display unit 745, the storage unit 746, and the operation unit 747 according to the above-described embodiment and its modification. Supply to the subject as appropriate.
- FIG. 39 shows an example of a flowchart of an imaging operation in an imaging system.
- the user instructs the start of imaging by operating the operation unit 747 (step S101).
- the operation unit 747 transmits an image pickup command to the image pickup apparatus 1 (step S102).
- the image pickup apparatus 1 specifically, the system control circuit 36
- the image pickup apparatus 1 executes an image pickup by a predetermined image pickup method (step S103).
- the image pickup device 1 outputs the image data obtained by the image pickup to the DSP circuit 743.
- the image data is data for all pixels of the pixel signal generated based on the electric charge temporarily held in the floating diffusion FD.
- the DSP circuit 743 performs predetermined signal processing (for example, noise reduction processing) based on the image data input from the image pickup apparatus 1 (step S104).
- the DSP circuit 743 stores the image data to which the predetermined signal processing has been performed in the frame memory 744, and the frame memory 744 stores the image data in the storage unit 746 (step S105). In this way, the image pickup in the image pickup system 7 is performed.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 according to the above embodiment and its modification is applied to the image pickup system 7.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 can be miniaturized or high-definition, so that a small-sized or high-definition image pickup system 7 can be provided.
- the technique according to the present disclosure can be applied to various products.
- the technology according to the present disclosure is realized as a device mounted on a moving body of any kind such as an automobile, an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a motorcycle, a bicycle, a personal mobility, an airplane, a drone, a ship, and a robot. You may.
- FIG. 40 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a vehicle control system, which is an example of a mobile control system to which the technique according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- the vehicle control system 12000 includes a plurality of electronic control units connected via the communication network 12001.
- the vehicle control system 12000 includes a drive system control unit 12010, a body system control unit 12020, an outside information detection unit 12030, an in-vehicle information detection unit 12040, and an integrated control unit 12050.
- a microcomputer 12051, an audio image output unit 12052, and an in-vehicle network I / F (Interface) 12053 are shown as a functional configuration of the integrated control unit 12050.
- the drive system control unit 12010 controls the operation of the device related to the drive system of the vehicle according to various programs.
- the drive system control unit 12010 has a driving force generator for generating a driving force of a vehicle such as an internal combustion engine or a driving motor, a driving force transmission mechanism for transmitting the driving force to the wheels, and a steering angle of the vehicle. It functions as a control device such as a steering mechanism for adjusting and a braking device for generating braking force of the vehicle.
- the body system control unit 12020 controls the operation of various devices mounted on the vehicle body according to various programs.
- the body system control unit 12020 functions as a keyless entry system, a smart key system, a power window device, or a control device for various lamps such as headlamps, back lamps, brake lamps, turn signals or fog lamps.
- the body system control unit 12020 may be input with radio waves transmitted from a portable device that substitutes for the key or signals of various switches.
- the body system control unit 12020 receives inputs of these radio waves or signals and controls a vehicle door lock device, a power window device, a lamp, and the like.
- the outside information detection unit 12030 detects information outside the vehicle equipped with the vehicle control system 12000.
- the image pickup unit 12031 is connected to the vehicle outside information detection unit 12030.
- the vehicle outside information detection unit 12030 causes the image pickup unit 12031 to capture an image of the outside of the vehicle and receives the captured image.
- the out-of-vehicle information detection unit 12030 may perform object detection processing or distance detection processing such as a person, a vehicle, an obstacle, a sign, or a character on the road surface based on the received image.
- the image pickup unit 12031 is an optical sensor that receives light and outputs an electric signal according to the amount of the light received.
- the image pickup unit 12031 can output an electric signal as an image or can output it as distance measurement information. Further, the light received by the image pickup unit 12031 may be visible light or invisible light such as infrared light.
- the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 detects the in-vehicle information.
- a driver state detection unit 12041 that detects a driver's state is connected to the vehicle interior information detection unit 12040.
- the driver state detection unit 12041 includes, for example, a camera that images the driver, and the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 determines the degree of fatigue or concentration of the driver based on the detection information input from the driver state detection unit 12041. It may be calculated, or it may be determined whether or not the driver has fallen asleep.
- the microcomputer 12051 calculates the control target value of the driving force generator, the steering mechanism, or the braking device based on the information inside and outside the vehicle acquired by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 or the vehicle interior information detection unit 12040, and the drive system control unit.
- a control command can be output to 12010.
- the microcomputer 12051 realizes ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) functions including vehicle collision avoidance or impact mitigation, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving, vehicle collision warning, vehicle lane deviation warning, and the like. It is possible to perform cooperative control for the purpose of.
- ADAS Advanced Driver Assistance System
- the microcomputer 12051 controls the driving force generating device, the steering mechanism, the braking device, and the like based on the information around the vehicle acquired by the outside information detection unit 12030 or the inside information detection unit 12040, so that the driver can control the driver. It is possible to perform coordinated control for the purpose of automatic driving that runs autonomously without depending on the operation.
- the microcomputer 12051 can output a control command to the body system control unit 12020 based on the information outside the vehicle acquired by the vehicle outside information detection unit 12030.
- the microcomputer 12051 controls the headlamps according to the position of the preceding vehicle or the oncoming vehicle detected by the outside information detection unit 12030, and performs cooperative control for the purpose of anti-glare such as switching the high beam to the low beam. It can be carried out.
- the audio image output unit 12052 transmits an output signal of at least one of audio and image to an output device capable of visually or audibly notifying information to the passenger or the outside of the vehicle.
- an audio speaker 12061, a display unit 12062, and an instrument panel 12063 are exemplified as output devices.
- the display unit 12062 may include, for example, at least one of an onboard display and a head-up display.
- FIG. 41 is a diagram showing an example of the installation position of the image pickup unit 12031.
- the image pickup unit 12031 has image pickup units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, and 12105.
- the image pickup units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, 12105 are provided at positions such as, for example, the front nose, side mirrors, rear bumpers, back doors, and the upper part of the windshield in the vehicle interior of the vehicle 12100.
- the image pickup unit 12101 provided in the front nose and the image pickup section 12105 provided in the upper part of the windshield in the vehicle interior mainly acquire an image in front of the vehicle 12100.
- the image pickup units 12102 and 12103 provided in the side mirror mainly acquire images of the side of the vehicle 12100.
- the image pickup unit 12104 provided in the rear bumper or the back door mainly acquires an image of the rear of the vehicle 12100.
- the image pickup unit 12105 provided on the upper part of the windshield in the vehicle interior is mainly used for detecting a preceding vehicle, a pedestrian, an obstacle, a traffic light, a traffic sign, a lane, or the like.
- FIG. 41 shows an example of the shooting range of the imaging units 12101 to 12104.
- the imaging range 12111 indicates the imaging range of the imaging unit 12101 provided on the front nose
- the imaging ranges 12112 and 12113 indicate the imaging range of the imaging units 12102 and 12103 provided on the side mirrors, respectively
- the imaging range 12114 indicates the imaging range.
- the imaging range of the imaging unit 12104 provided on the rear bumper or the back door is shown. For example, by superimposing the image data captured by the imaging units 12101 to 12104, a bird's-eye view image of the vehicle 12100 can be obtained.
- At least one of the image pickup units 12101 to 12104 may have a function of acquiring distance information.
- at least one of the image pickup units 12101 to 12104 may be a stereo camera including a plurality of image pickup elements, or may be an image pickup element having pixels for phase difference detection.
- the microcomputer 12051 has a distance to each three-dimensional object in the image pickup range 12111 to 12114 based on the distance information obtained from the image pickup unit 12101 to 12104, and a temporal change of this distance (relative speed with respect to the vehicle 12100).
- a predetermined speed for example, 0 km / h or more
- the microcomputer 12051 can set an inter-vehicle distance to be secured in advance in front of the preceding vehicle, and can perform automatic brake control (including follow-up stop control), automatic acceleration control (including follow-up start control), and the like. In this way, it is possible to perform coordinated control for the purpose of automatic driving or the like that autonomously travels without relying on the driver's operation.
- the microcomputer 12051 converts three-dimensional object data related to a three-dimensional object into two-wheeled vehicles, ordinary vehicles, large vehicles, pedestrians, electric poles, and other three-dimensional objects based on the distance information obtained from the image pickup units 12101 to 12104. It can be classified and extracted and used for automatic avoidance of obstacles. For example, the microcomputer 12051 distinguishes obstacles around the vehicle 12100 into obstacles that are visible to the driver of the vehicle 12100 and obstacles that are difficult to see. Then, the microcomputer 12051 determines the collision risk indicating the risk of collision with each obstacle, and when the collision risk is equal to or higher than the set value and there is a possibility of collision, the microcomputer 12051 via the audio speaker 12061 or the display unit 12062. By outputting an alarm to the driver and performing forced deceleration and avoidance steering via the drive system control unit 12010, driving support for collision avoidance can be provided.
- At least one of the image pickup units 12101 to 12104 may be an infrared camera that detects infrared rays.
- the microcomputer 12051 can recognize a pedestrian by determining whether or not a pedestrian is present in the captured image of the imaging unit 12101 to 12104.
- recognition of a pedestrian is, for example, a procedure for extracting feature points in an image captured by an image pickup unit 12101 to 12104 as an infrared camera, and a pattern matching process for a series of feature points showing the outline of an object to determine whether or not the pedestrian is a pedestrian. It is done by the procedure to determine.
- the audio image output unit 12052 determines the square contour line for emphasizing the recognized pedestrian.
- the display unit 12062 is controlled so as to superimpose and display. Further, the audio image output unit 12052 may control the display unit 12062 so as to display an icon or the like indicating a pedestrian at a desired position.
- the above is an example of a vehicle control system to which the technique according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- the technique according to the present disclosure can be applied to the image pickup unit 12031 among the configurations described above.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 of FIG. 1 can be applied to the image pickup unit 12031.
- the image pickup unit 12031 can be miniaturized.
- the technique according to the present disclosure (the present technique) can be applied to various products.
- the techniques according to the present disclosure may be applied to an endoscopic surgery system.
- FIG. 42 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an endoscopic surgery system to which the technique according to the present disclosure (the present technique) can be applied.
- FIG. 42 illustrates how the surgeon (doctor) 11131 is performing surgery on patient 11132 on patient bed 11133 using the endoscopic surgery system 11000.
- the endoscopic surgery system 11000 includes an endoscope 11100, other surgical tools 11110 such as an abdominal tube 11111 and an energy treatment tool 11112, and a support arm device 11120 that supports the endoscope 11100.
- a cart 11200 equipped with various devices for endoscopic surgery.
- the endoscope 11100 is composed of a lens barrel 11101 in which a region having a predetermined length from the tip is inserted into the body cavity of the patient 11132, and a camera head 11102 connected to the base end of the lens barrel 11101.
- the endoscope 11100 configured as a so-called rigid mirror having a rigid barrel 11101 is illustrated, but the endoscope 11100 may be configured as a so-called flexible mirror having a flexible barrel. good.
- An opening in which an objective lens is fitted is provided at the tip of the lens barrel 11101.
- a light source device 11203 is connected to the endoscope 11100, and the light generated by the light source device 11203 is guided to the tip of the lens barrel by a light guide extending inside the lens barrel 11101, and is an objective. It is irradiated toward the observation target in the body cavity of the patient 11132 through the lens.
- the endoscope 11100 may be a direct endoscope, a perspective mirror, or a side endoscope.
- An optical system and an image pickup element are provided inside the camera head 11102, and the reflected light (observation light) from the observation target is focused on the image pickup element by the optical system.
- the observation light is photoelectrically converted by the image pickup device, and an electric signal corresponding to the observation light, that is, an image signal corresponding to the observation image is generated.
- the image signal is transmitted as RAW data to the camera control unit (CCU: Camera Control Unit) 11201.
- the CCU11201 is composed of a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), etc., and comprehensively controls the operations of the endoscope 11100 and the display device 11202. Further, the CCU11201 receives an image signal from the camera head 11102, and performs various image processing on the image signal for displaying an image based on the image signal, such as development processing (demosaic processing).
- a CPU Central Processing Unit
- GPU Graphics Processing Unit
- the display device 11202 displays an image based on the image signal processed by the CCU 11201 under the control of the CCU 11201.
- the light source device 11203 is composed of, for example, a light source such as an LED (light emission diode), and supplies the irradiation light for photographing the surgical site or the like to the endoscope 11100.
- a light source such as an LED (light emission diode)
- the input device 11204 is an input interface for the endoscopic surgery system 11000.
- the user can input various information and input instructions to the endoscopic surgery system 11000 via the input device 11204.
- the user inputs an instruction to change the imaging conditions (type of irradiation light, magnification, focal length, etc.) by the endoscope 11100.
- the treatment tool control device 11205 controls the drive of the energy treatment tool 11112 for cauterizing, incising, sealing a blood vessel, or the like.
- the pneumoperitoneum device 11206 uses a gas in the pneumoperitoneum tube 11111 to inflate the body cavity of the patient 11132 for the purpose of securing the field of view by the endoscope 11100 and securing the work space of the operator. Is sent.
- the recorder 11207 is a device capable of recording various information related to surgery.
- the printer 11208 is a device capable of printing various information related to surgery in various formats such as text, images, and graphs.
- the light source device 11203 that supplies the irradiation light to the endoscope 11100 when photographing the surgical site can be composed of, for example, an LED, a laser light source, or a white light source composed of a combination thereof.
- a white light source is configured by a combination of RGB laser light sources, the output intensity and output timing of each color (each wavelength) can be controlled with high accuracy. Therefore, the light source device 11203 adjusts the white balance of the captured image. It can be carried out.
- the laser light from each of the RGB laser light sources is irradiated to the observation target in a time-division manner, and the drive of the image sensor of the camera head 11102 is controlled in synchronization with the irradiation timing to correspond to each of RGB. It is also possible to capture the image in a time-division manner. According to this method, a color image can be obtained without providing a color filter in the image pickup device.
- the drive of the light source device 11203 may be controlled so as to change the intensity of the output light at predetermined time intervals.
- the drive of the image sensor of the camera head 11102 in synchronization with the timing of the change of the light intensity to acquire an image in time division and synthesizing the image, so-called high dynamic without blackout and overexposure. Range images can be generated.
- the light source device 11203 may be configured to be able to supply light in a predetermined wavelength band corresponding to special light observation.
- special light observation for example, by utilizing the wavelength dependence of light absorption in body tissue, the surface layer of the mucous membrane is irradiated with light in a narrower band than the irradiation light (that is, white light) during normal observation.
- narrow band imaging in which a predetermined tissue such as a blood vessel is photographed with high contrast, is performed.
- fluorescence observation may be performed in which an image is obtained by fluorescence generated by irradiating with excitation light.
- the body tissue is irradiated with excitation light to observe the fluorescence from the body tissue (autofluorescence observation), or a reagent such as indocyanine green (ICG) is locally injected into the body tissue and the body tissue is injected. It is possible to obtain a fluorescence image by irradiating the excitation light corresponding to the fluorescence wavelength of the reagent.
- the light source device 11203 may be configured to be capable of supplying narrowband light and / or excitation light corresponding to such special light observation.
- FIG. 43 is a block diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the camera head 11102 and CCU11201 shown in FIG. 42.
- the camera head 11102 includes a lens unit 11401, an image pickup unit 11402, a drive unit 11403, a communication unit 11404, and a camera head control unit 11405.
- CCU11201 has a communication unit 11411, an image processing unit 11412, and a control unit 11413.
- the camera head 11102 and CCU11201 are communicably connected to each other by a transmission cable 11400.
- the lens unit 11401 is an optical system provided at a connection portion with the lens barrel 11101.
- the observation light taken in from the tip of the lens barrel 11101 is guided to the camera head 11102 and incident on the lens unit 11401.
- the lens unit 11401 is configured by combining a plurality of lenses including a zoom lens and a focus lens.
- the image pickup element constituting the image pickup unit 11402 may be one (so-called single plate type) or a plurality (so-called multi-plate type).
- each image pickup element may generate an image signal corresponding to each of RGB, and a color image may be obtained by synthesizing them.
- the image pickup unit 11402 may be configured to have a pair of image pickup elements for acquiring image signals for the right eye and the left eye corresponding to the 3D (dimensional) display, respectively.
- the 3D display enables the operator 11131 to more accurately grasp the depth of the living tissue in the surgical site.
- a plurality of lens units 11401 may be provided corresponding to each image pickup element.
- the image pickup unit 11402 does not necessarily have to be provided on the camera head 11102.
- the image pickup unit 11402 may be provided inside the lens barrel 11101 immediately after the objective lens.
- the drive unit 11403 is composed of an actuator, and the zoom lens and the focus lens of the lens unit 11401 are moved by a predetermined distance along the optical axis under the control of the camera head control unit 11405. As a result, the magnification and focus of the image captured by the image pickup unit 11402 can be adjusted as appropriate.
- the communication unit 11404 is configured by a communication device for transmitting and receiving various information to and from the CCU11201.
- the communication unit 11404 transmits the image signal obtained from the image pickup unit 11402 as RAW data to the CCU 11201 via the transmission cable 11400.
- the communication unit 11404 receives a control signal for controlling the drive of the camera head 11102 from the CCU 11201 and supplies the control signal to the camera head control unit 11405.
- the control signal includes, for example, information to specify the frame rate of the captured image, information to specify the exposure value at the time of imaging, and / or information to specify the magnification and focus of the captured image. Contains information about the condition.
- the image pickup conditions such as the frame rate, exposure value, magnification, and focus may be appropriately specified by the user, or may be automatically set by the control unit 11413 of the CCU11201 based on the acquired image signal. good. In the latter case, the so-called AE (Auto Exposure) function, AF (Auto Focus) function, and AWB (Auto White Balance) function are mounted on the endoscope 11100.
- the camera head control unit 11405 controls the drive of the camera head 11102 based on the control signal from the CCU 11201 received via the communication unit 11404.
- the communication unit 11411 is configured by a communication device for transmitting and receiving various information to and from the camera head 11102.
- the communication unit 11411 receives an image signal transmitted from the camera head 11102 via the transmission cable 11400.
- the communication unit 11411 transmits a control signal for controlling the drive of the camera head 11102 to the camera head 11102.
- Image signals and control signals can be transmitted by telecommunications, optical communication, or the like.
- the image processing unit 11412 performs various image processing on the image signal which is the RAW data transmitted from the camera head 11102.
- the control unit 11413 performs various controls related to the imaging of the surgical site and the like by the endoscope 11100 and the display of the captured image obtained by the imaging of the surgical site and the like. For example, the control unit 11413 generates a control signal for controlling the drive of the camera head 11102.
- control unit 11413 causes the display device 11202 to display an image captured by the surgical unit or the like based on the image signal processed by the image processing unit 11412.
- the control unit 11413 may recognize various objects in the captured image by using various image recognition techniques.
- the control unit 11413 detects a surgical tool such as forceps, a specific biological part, bleeding, mist when using the energy treatment tool 11112, etc. by detecting the shape, color, etc. of the edge of the object included in the captured image. Can be recognized.
- the control unit 11413 may superimpose and display various surgical support information on the image of the surgical unit by using the recognition result. By superimposing and displaying the surgical support information and presenting it to the surgeon 11131, the burden on the surgeon 11131 can be reduced and the surgeon 11131 can surely proceed with the surgery.
- the transmission cable 11400 connecting the camera head 11102 and CCU11201 is an electric signal cable corresponding to electric signal communication, an optical fiber corresponding to optical communication, or a composite cable thereof.
- the communication is performed by wire using the transmission cable 11400, but the communication between the camera head 11102 and the CCU11201 may be performed wirelessly.
- the above is an example of an endoscopic surgery system to which the technique according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- the technique according to the present disclosure can be applied to the endoscope 11100 and the image pickup unit 11402 of the camera head 11102 among the configurations described above.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 of FIG. 1 can be applied to the image pickup unit 11402.
- the image pickup unit 11402 can be miniaturized.
- the technique according to the present disclosure may be applied to other, for example, a microscopic surgery system.
- the configuration of the seventh embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied to other embodiments.
- the separation section 173 of FIG. 29A and the separation section 174 of FIG. 29B can be applied to the second to sixth and eighth to tenth embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 has a pixel 541, a pixel circuit 210, a separation portion 171 and an embedded electrode (embedded electrodes 161 and 162) and a connecting portion (through electrodes 251 and 252).
- the pixel 541 is arranged on the first semiconductor substrate 120 to perform a photoelectric conversion of incident light, a charge holding unit 103 for holding a charge generated by the photoelectric conversion, and a charge holding charge from the photoelectric conversion unit 101.
- a charge transfer unit 102 for transfer to the unit 103 is provided.
- the pixel circuit 210 generates an image signal based on the electric charge arranged and held on the second semiconductor substrate 220 laminated on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the separation unit 171 is arranged at the boundary of the pixel 541.
- the embedded electrodes are embedded and arranged on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 at the boundary of the pixel 541 overlapping the separation portion 171 and connected to the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the connecting portions (through silicon vias 251 and 252) are connected to the embedded electrodes (embedded electrodes 161 and 162). This has the effect that the embedded electrodes that transmit signals and the like are arranged at the boundaries of the pixels.
- the pixel size can be reduced.
- boundary portion wiring (boundary portion wiring 163 and 164) arranged at the boundary of the pixel 541 and connected to the embedded electrodes (embedded electrodes 161 and 162) may be further provided.
- the embedded electrodes can be connected to each other at the boundary of the pixels 541.
- boundary portion wiring (boundary portion wiring 163) may be embedded and arranged in the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- boundary portion wiring (boundary portion wiring 164) may be arranged adjacent to the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- connection portions through silicon vias 251 and 252 may be connected to the embedded electrodes (embedded electrodes 161 and 162) via the boundary portion wirings (boundary portion wirings 163 and 164). As a result, the location of the connection portion can be expanded.
- the embedded electrode (embedded electrode 161) may be connected to the well region of the first semiconductor substrate 120, and the connecting portion (through silicon via 251) may supply a reference potential. As a result, the reference potential can be supplied via the embedded electrode (embedded electrode 161).
- the embedded electrode (embedded electrode 161) may be configured to surround the pixel 541. As a result, the resistance of the embedded electrode (embedded electrode 161) can be reduced in the surface direction of the semiconductor substrate.
- the plurality of the pixels 541 may be arranged on the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the embedded electrode (embedded electrode 161) may be commonly connected to the well region of each pixel 541 of the pixel group 538 composed of two or more pixels 541 of the plurality of pixels 541. As a result, the embedded electrode (embedded electrode 161) can be shared by the pixels 541 arranged in the pixel group 538.
- connection portion through silicon via 251 may be arranged for each pixel group 538. This makes it possible to reduce the number of connecting portions.
- connection portion through silicon via 251 may be arranged on the first semiconductor substrate 120 outside the plurality of pixels 541. This makes it possible to reduce the number of connecting portions.
- the pixel circuit 210 may be arranged for each pixel sharing unit 539 composed of two or more pixels 541 of the plurality of pixels 541. As a result, the pixel circuit 210 can be shared by a plurality of pixels arranged in the pixel sharing unit 639.
- first semiconductor substrate 120 and the second semiconductor substrate 220 are arranged between the first semiconductor substrate 120 and the second semiconductor substrate 220 to transmit a control signal to the charge transfer unit 102 and is common to the charge transfer unit 102 of the different pixel sharing unit 539. It may further have a charge transfer unit wiring 144 to be connected and an electrode 143 connected to the charge transfer unit wiring to supply the control signal. As a result, the number of connecting portions penetrating the second semiconductor substrate 220 can be reduced.
- connection portion through silicon via 251 may be connected to a well region in the second semiconductor substrate 220 in which the element of the pixel circuit 210 is arranged.
- the well potential can be made common in the first semiconductor substrate 120 and the second semiconductor substrate 220.
- the embedded electrode (embedded electrode 162) may be connected to the charge holding portion 103, and the connecting portion (through silicon via 252) may be connected to the pixel circuit 210. As a result, the potential of the charge holding unit 103 can be transmitted via the electrode (embedded electrode 162).
- a plurality of the pixels 541 are arranged on the first semiconductor substrate 120, and the pixel circuit 210 is arranged for each pixel sharing unit 539 composed of two or more pixels 541 of the plurality of pixels 541. May be good. As a result, the pixel circuit 210 can be shared by a plurality of pixels 541 arranged in the pixel sharing unit 539.
- the embedded electrode (embedded electrode 162) may be commonly connected to the charge holding unit 103 of each pixel 541 in the pixel sharing unit 539. As a result, the embedded electrode (embedded electrode 162) can be shared by the plurality of pixels 541 arranged in the pixel sharing unit 539.
- the embedded electrode (embedded electrode 162) is configured to protrude from the first semiconductor substrate 120, and the charge transfer unit 102 is the first semiconductor substrate 120 of the embedded electrode (embedded electrode 162). It may be composed of a MOS transistor including a gate electrode 131 having a height equal to or lower than the protrusion height from the above. As a result, the parasitic capacitance of the charge holding portion 103 to which the embedded electrode (embedded electrode 162) is connected can be reduced.
- connection portion (through silicon via 251) may be connected to the well region via the semiconductor region 123, which is a semiconductor region having a high impurity concentration formed on the first semiconductor substrate 120. As a result, the connection resistance between the connection portion (through silicon via 251) and the first semiconductor substrate 120 can be reduced.
- the embedded electrodes may be configured to contain silicon. Thereby, the high temperature process can be adopted in the manufacturing process after the embedded electrodes (embedded electrodes 161 and 162) are formed.
- the separation portion 171 may be configured to penetrate the first semiconductor substrate 120. This makes it possible to improve the separation capacity.
- the separation portion 171 may be composed of an insulating material.
- the separation unit 171 may be composed of a semiconductor region having a high impurity concentration.
- the second semiconductor substrate 220 further includes a third semiconductor substrate 320 having a circuit laminated on a side different from the side on which the first semiconductor substrate 120 is arranged and connected to the pixel circuit 210. You may.
- the charge transfer unit 102 has a channel region arranged in the protrusion 126 formed on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 and a gate electrode 132 adjacent to the side surface of the protrusion 126 via an insulating film. It may be composed of a MOS transistor that transfers the electric charge in the thickness direction of the first semiconductor substrate 120. As a result, the area of the charge transfer unit 102 can be reduced.
- the protruding portion 126 may be formed by grinding the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 into the shape of an annular groove. This has the effect of embedding the protrusion 126 in the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 can be flattened.
- the gate electrode 132 may be configured to surround the side surface of the protrusion 126. This allows the effective channel width to be extended.
- the charge holding portion 103 may be arranged at the end of the protruding portion 126. This makes it possible to omit the wiring between the charge transfer unit 102 and the charge holding unit 103.
- the gate electrode 132 may be arranged apart from the charge holding portion 103 in the thickness direction of the first semiconductor substrate 120. As a result, the electric field between the gate electrode 132 and the charge holding portion 103 can be reduced.
- the channel region may be configured in a conductive type different from the well region of the first semiconductor substrate 120. This makes it possible to form a depletion type MOS transistor.
- the image pickup apparatus 1 has a pixel 541, a pixel circuit 210, a separation unit 171 and an embedded electrode (embedded electrodes 161 and 162), a connection unit (through electrodes 251 and 252), and a column signal processing unit 550.
- the pixel 541 is arranged on the first semiconductor substrate 120 to perform a photoelectric conversion of incident light, a charge holding unit 103 for holding a charge generated by the photoelectric conversion, and a charge holding charge from the photoelectric conversion unit 101.
- a charge transfer unit 102 for transfer to the unit 103 is provided.
- the pixel circuit 210 generates an image signal based on the electric charge arranged and held on the second semiconductor substrate 220 laminated on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the separation unit 171 is arranged at the boundary of the pixel 541.
- the embedded electrodes (embedded electrodes 161 and 162) are embedded and arranged on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate 120 at the boundary of the pixel 541 overlapping the separation portion 171 and connected to the first semiconductor substrate 120.
- the connecting portions (through silicon vias 251 and 252) are connected to the embedded electrodes (embedded electrodes 161 and 162).
- the column signal processing unit 550 processes the generated image signal. This has the effect that the embedded electrodes that transmit signals and the like are arranged at the boundaries of the pixels. The pixel size can be reduced.
- the present technology can also have the following configurations.
- a photoelectric conversion unit that is arranged on the first semiconductor substrate and performs photoelectric conversion of incident light, a charge holding unit that holds the charge generated by the photoelectric conversion, and the charge is transferred from the photoelectric conversion unit to the charge holding unit.
- a pixel with a charge transfer unit and A pixel circuit arranged on a second semiconductor substrate laminated on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate and generating an image signal based on the retained electric charge, and a pixel circuit.
- the separation part arranged at the boundary of the pixel and An embedded electrode embedded and arranged on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate at the boundary of the pixel overlapping with the separation portion and connected to the first semiconductor substrate.
- An image pickup device having a connection portion connected to the embedded electrode.
- the image pickup device according to (1) further comprising a boundary portion wiring arranged at the boundary of the pixel and connected to the embedded electrode.
- the boundary portion wiring is embedded and arranged in the first semiconductor substrate.
- the boundary portion wiring is arranged adjacent to the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate.
- the image pickup device according to (2), wherein the connection portion is connected to the embedded electrode via the boundary portion wiring.
- the embedded electrode is connected to the well region of the first semiconductor substrate and is connected to the well region.
- the embedded electrode is commonly connected to the well region of each pixel of a pixel group composed of two or more pixels among the plurality of pixels.
- the connection portion is arranged for each pixel group.
- the image pickup device further comprising a second connection portion connected to the charge transfer unit wiring and supplying the control signal.
- the connection portion is connected to a well region in which an element of the pixel circuit is arranged in the second semiconductor substrate.
- the embedded electrode is formed in a band shape in a plan view.
- the embedded electrode is connected to the charge holding portion and is connected to the charge holding portion.
- connection portion is described in any one of (6) to (20) above, which is connected to the well region via a high-concentration impurity region, which is a semiconductor region having a high impurity concentration formed on the first semiconductor substrate.
- Image sensor The image pickup device according to any one of (1) to (21) above, wherein the embedded electrode is configured to include silicon.
- the separation portion is configured to penetrate the first semiconductor substrate.
- the separation portion is composed of an insulating material.
- the separation unit is composed of a semiconductor region having a high impurity concentration.
- the second semiconductor substrate further comprises a third semiconductor substrate having a circuit laminated on a side different from the side on which the first semiconductor substrate is arranged and connected to the pixel circuit.
- the image pickup device according to any one of.
- the charge transfer unit includes a channel region arranged in a protrusion formed on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate and a gate electrode adjacent to the side surface of the protrusion via an insulating film.
- the image pickup device according to any one of (1) to (26), which is composed of a MOS transistor that transfers the electric charge in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate.
- a photoelectric conversion unit that is arranged on the first semiconductor substrate and performs photoelectric conversion of incident light, a charge holding unit that holds the charge generated by the photoelectric conversion, and the charge is transferred from the photoelectric conversion unit to the charge holding unit.
- a pixel with a charge transfer unit and A pixel circuit arranged on a second semiconductor substrate laminated on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate and generating an image signal based on the retained electric charge, and a pixel circuit.
- the separation part arranged at the boundary of the pixel and An embedded electrode embedded and arranged on the surface side of the first semiconductor substrate at the boundary of the pixel overlapping with the separation portion and connected to the first semiconductor substrate.
- a connection portion connected to the embedded electrode and An image pickup apparatus having a processing circuit for processing the generated image signal.
- Imaging device 100S, 200S, 300S Semiconductor layer 100T, 200T, 300T Wiring layer 101, 101A, 101B Photoconverter 102, 102A, 102B Charge transfer unit 103, 103A, 103B Charge holding unit 120 First semiconductor substrate 123, 123A , 123B Semiconductor area 124 Channel area 126 Projection 128 Annulus groove 129 Insulation film 132 Gate electrode 134 Separation part 142 Charge holding part wiring 143 Electrode 144, 144A, 144B, 144C, 144D Charge transfer part wiring 161, 162, 165, 166 Embedded Electrodes 163, 164 Boundary wiring 171, 173, 174 Separation part 179 Groove part 210 Pixel circuit 220 Second semiconductor board 251 to 254 Penetration electrode 320 Third semiconductor board 538 Pixel group 538 Plein group 538 Plein group 538 Plein group 539B, 539E, 539F Pixel sharing Unit 540 pixel array unit 541, 541A, 541B
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
1.第1の実施形態
2.第2の実施形態
3.第3の実施形態
4.第4の実施形態
5.第5の実施形態
6.第6の実施形態
7.第7の実施形態
8.第8の実施形態
9.第9の実施形態
10.第10の実施形態
11.適用例
12.移動体への応用例
13.内視鏡手術システムへの応用例
[撮像装置1の機能構成]
図1は、本開示の一実施の形態に係る撮像装置(撮像装置1)の機能構成の一例を示すブロック図である。
図2および図3は、撮像装置1の概略構成の一例を表したものである。撮像装置1は、3つの基板(第1の基板100、第2の基板200及び第3の基板300)を備えている。図2は、第1の基板100、第2の基板200及び第3の基板300各々の平面構成を模式的に表したものであり、図3は、互いに積層された第1の基板100、第2の基板200および第3の基板300の断面構成を模式的に表している。図3は、図2に示したIII-III’線に沿った断面構成に対応する。撮像装置1は、3つの基板(第1の基板100、第2の基板200及び第3の基板300)を貼り合わせて構成された3次元構造の撮像装置である。第1の基板100は、半導体層100Sおよび配線層100Tを含む。第2の基板200は、半導体層200Sおよび配線層200Tを含む。第3の基板300は、半導体層300Sおよび配線層300Tを含む。ここで、第1の基板100、第2の基板200および第3の基板300の各基板に含まれる配線とその周囲の層間絶縁膜を合せたものを、便宜上、それぞれの基板(第1の基板100、第2の基板200および第3の基板300)に設けられた配線層(100T、200T、300T)と呼ぶ。第1の基板100、第2の基板200および第3の基板300は、この順に積層されており、積層方向に沿って、半導体層100S、配線層100T、半導体層200S、配線層200T、配線層300Tおよび半導体層300Sの順に配置されている。第1の基板100、第2の基板200および第3の基板300の具体的な構成については後述する。図3に示した矢印は、撮像装置1への光Lの入射方向を表す。本明細書では、便宜上、以降の断面図で、撮像装置1における光入射側を「下」「下側」「下方」、光入射側と反対側を「上」「上側」「上方」と呼ぶ場合がある。また、本明細書では、便宜上、半導体層と配線層を備えた基板に関して、配線層の側を表面、半導体層の側を裏面と呼ぶ場合がある。なお、明細書の記載は、上記の呼び方に限定されない。撮像装置1は、例えば、フォトダイオードを有する第1の基板100の裏面側から光が入射する、裏面照射型撮像装置となっている。
図5は、本開示の実施形態に係る撮像装置の構成例を示す断面図である。同図は、撮像装置1の概略を表す断面図である。同図の撮像装置1は、第1の基板100と、第2の基板200と、第3の基板300とを備える。前述のように、第1の基板100は半導体層100Sおよび配線層100Tを含み、第2の基板200は半導体層200Sおよび配線層200Tを含み、第3の基板300は半導体層300Sおよび配線層300Tを含む。また、撮像装置1は、保護膜181と、カラーフィルタ182と、オンチップレンズ401とを更に備える。なお、同図には、画素541A及び541Bを記載した。
図8は、本開示の第1の実施形態に係る画素共有ユニットの構成例を示す図である。同図は、画素アレイ部540における画素共有ユニット539の構成例を表す平面図である。また、同図は、第2の基板200の側から見た第1の基板100及び第2の基板200の構成を表した図である。
図9は、本開示の第1の実施形態に係る画素の構成例を示す図である。同図は、画素541の構成例を表す模式断面図である。同図は、図8におけるa-a’線に沿った断面図に相当する。同図には、画素541A及び541Bを記載した。また、同図において、第3の半導体基板320の記載を省略している。
図10A-10Iは、本開示の第1の実施形態に係る撮像素子の製造方法の一例を示す図である。図10A-10Iは、撮像装置1の製造工程の一例を表した図であり、第1の半導体基板120の領域に係る製造工程の一例を表した図である。
図11は、本開示の第1の実施形態に係る画素共有ユニットの他の構成例を示す図である。同図は、図8と同様に、画素共有ユニット539の構成例を表す平面図である。同図の画素共有ユニット539は、埋込み電極161の代わりに帯状の埋込み電極が配置される点で、図8の画素共有ユニット539と異なる。
図12A及び12Bは、本開示の第1の実施形態に係る埋込み電極の他の構成例を示す図である。図12Aは、埋込み電極166の構成例を表す断面図であり、図11のd-d’線に沿う断面図である。同図の埋込み電極166は、分離部171と略同じ幅に構成される例を表したものである。
上述の第1の実施形態の撮像装置1は、第1の半導体基板120の分離部171に埋込み電極161が配置されていた。これに対し、本開示の第2の実施形態の撮像装置1は、埋込み電極161同士を接続する点で、上述の第1の実施形態と異なる。
図14は、本開示の第2の実施形態に係る画素共有ユニットの構成例を示す図である。同図は、図8と同様に、画素共有ユニット539の構成例を表す平面図である。同図の画素共有ユニット539は、埋込み電極161同士を接続する境界部配線163を備える点で、図8の画素共有ユニット539と異なる。
図15A及び15Bは、本開示の第2の実施形態に係る境界部配線の構成例を示す図である。図15A及び15Bは、それぞれ図14のb-b’線及びc-c’線に沿った境界部配線163の断面の構成例を表す。同図の境界部配線163は、埋込み電極161の側面に接続される(図15A)。また、同図の境界部配線163は、上面が第1の半導体基板120の表面側に露出する形状に構成される(図15B)。図15Bに表したように、同図の境界部配線163は、第1の半導体基板120の領域から離隔する形状に構成することができる。境界部配線163及び第1の半導体基板120の間の分離部171の幅(同図の「W2」)は、20nm以上にすることができる。なお、貫通電極251は、境界部配線163の上に配置することもできる。境界部配線163が埋込み電極161に電気的に接続されているためである。
図16A-16Eは、本開示の第2の実施形態に係る境界部配線の製造方法の一例を示す図である。図16A-16Eは、境界部配線163の製造工程の一例を表す図である。
図17A及び17Bは、本開示の第2の実施形態に係る境界部配線の他の構成例を示す図である。図17A及び17Bは、境界部配線164の構成例を表す図である。この境界部配線164は、第1の半導体基板120の表面に隣接して配置される配線である。図17Aは画素541の境界に沿う方向の境界部配線164の断面の構成例を表し、図17Bは画素541の境界に垂直な方向の境界部配線164の断面の構成例を表す。同図の境界部配線164は、埋込み電極161の上面に接続される(図17A)。また、同図の境界部配線163は、上面及び側面が第1の半導体基板120の表面側に露出する形状に構成される(図17B)。境界部配線163と同様に、図17Bの境界部配線164においても、第1の半導体基板120の領域から離隔する形状に構成することができる。境界部配線164及び第1の半導体基板120の距離は、20nm以上にすることができる。なお、貫通電極251は、埋込み電極161の代わりに境界部配線163の上に配置することができる。
図18A-18Gは、本開示の第2の実施形態に係る境界部配線の他の製造方法の一例を示す図である。図18A-18Gは、境界部配線164の製造工程の一例を表す図である。なお、図18A-18Gのそれぞれの図における左側の図は埋込み電極161が配置されない部分を表し、右側の図は埋込み電極161が配置される部分を表す。
図19は、本開示の第2の実施形態に係る画素共有ユニットの他の構成例を示す図である。同図は、図14と同様に、画素共有ユニット539の構成例を表す平面図である。同図の画素共有ユニット539は、境界部配線163が網目状に配置される点で、図14の画素共有ユニット539と異なる。
上述の第1の実施形態の撮像装置1は、画素グループ538毎に貫通電極251が配置されていた。これに対し、本開示の第3の実施形態では、境界部配線163等を配置して貫通電極251を削減する例について説明する。
図20A-20Cは、本開示の第3の実施形態に係る画素アレイ部の構成例を示す図である。図20A-20Cは、画素アレイ部540の構成例を表す図である。なお、図20A-20Cにおいては、符号の記載を省略している。
図22は、本開示の第3の実施形態に係る画素アレイ部の比較結果を示す図である。同図において、比較例1、適用例1、適用例2及び適用例3は、それぞれ図21、図20A、図20B及び図20Cの画素アレイ部540の場合の例を表す。また、同図の「電荷保持部共有画素」は、埋込み電極162により共通に接続される電荷保持部103の画素数を表す。「画素回路共有単位」は、画素回路210当たりの画素数を表す。同図の「接続部」は、画素アレイ部540における第1の半導体基板120及び第2の半導体基板220の間を接続する接続部の個数を表す。具体的には、貫通電極251乃至253の個数を表す。同図の「電荷転送部」、「電荷保持部」及び「ウェル領域」は、それぞれ電荷転送部102(のゲート電極131)、電荷保持部103及びウェル領域(半導体領域123)の接続部の個数を表す。同図の「合計」は、電荷転送部102、電荷保持部103及びウェル領域の接続部の合計を表す。
上述の第3の実施形態では、4つの画素541を備える画素共有ユニット539を有する例についての比較を行った。これに対し、本開示の第4の実施形態では、8つの画素541を備える画素共有ユニット539を有する例について説明する。
図23A-23Cは、本開示の第4の実施形態に係る画素アレイ部の構成例を示す図である。図23A-23Cは、図20A-20Cと同様に、画素アレイ部540の構成例を表す図である。図23A-23Cの画素共有ユニット539は、8つの画素541を備える点で、図20A-20Cの画素共有ユニット539と異なる。
図24は、本開示の第4の実施形態に係る画素アレイ部の比較結果を示す図である。同図において、比較例2は、図21の画素541を有する画素アレイ部540において画素共有ユニット539が8つの画素541を備える例を想定したものである。適用例4は、図23Aの画素アレイ部540の場合の例を表す。適用例5及び6は、それぞれ図20B及び15Cの画素アレイ部540において画素共有ユニット539が8つの画素541を備える例を想定したものである。適用例7及び8は、それぞれ図23B及び図23Cの画素アレイ部540の場合の例を表す。
上述の第4の実施形態では、4つの画素541において電荷保持部103に接続される埋込み電極162を共有していた。これに対し、本開示の第5の実施形態では、2つの画素541において電荷保持部103に接続される埋込み電極162を共有する例について説明する。
図25A-25Eは、本開示の第5の実施形態に係る画素アレイ部の構成例を示す図である。図25A-25Eは、図23A-23Cと同様に、画素アレイ部540の構成例を表す図である。図25A-25Eの画素アレイ部540は、埋込み電極161及び162が2つの画素541において共有され、画素共有ユニット539が6つの画素541を備える点で、図23A-23Cの画素アレイ部540と異なる。
図26は、本開示の第5の実施形態に係る画素アレイ部の比較結果を示す図である。同図において、比較例3は、図21の画素541を有する画素アレイ部540において埋込み電極161及び162が2つの画素541において共有され、画素共有ユニット539が6つの画素541を備える例を想定したものである。適用例9乃至適用例13は、それぞれ図25A乃至20Eの画素アレイ部540の場合の例を表す。
上述の第5の実施形態では、2つの画素541において電荷保持部103に接続される埋込み電極162を共有し、6つの画素541を備える画素共有ユニット539を有する例ついての比較を行った。これに対し、本開示の第6の実施形態では、画素共有ユニット539の画素541を更に増加させる例について説明する。
図27A-27Fは、本開示の第6の実施形態に係る画素アレイ部の構成例を示す図である。図27A-27Fは、図25A-25Eと同様に、画素アレイ部540の構成例を表す図である。図27A-25Fの画素アレイ部540は、画素共有ユニット539A及び539Bを備える点で、図25A-25Eの画素アレイ部540と異なる。
図28は、本開示の第6の実施形態に係る画素アレイ部の比較結果を示す図である。同図において、比較例4は、図21の画素541を備える画素共有ユニット539A及び539Bを有する画素アレイ部540を想定したものである。適用例14乃至適用例19は、それぞれ図27A乃至27Fの画素アレイ部540の場合の例を表す。なお、同図の「接続部」の「4×2部分」及び「5×2部分」は、それぞれ画素共有ユニット539A及び539Bの部分に対応する。また、「接続部」の「総計」は、「4×2部分」及び「5×2部分」のそれぞれの貫通電極251等の個数を合算したものである。
上述の第1の実施形態の撮像装置1は、絶縁物により構成される分離部171を使用していた。これに対し、本開示の第7の実施形態の撮像装置1は、他の部材により構成される分離部171を使用する点で、上述の第1の実施形態と異なる。
図29A及び29Bは、本開示の第7の実施形態に係る分離部の構成例を示す図である。図29A及び29Bは、分離部の構成例を表す断面図である。
上述の第1の実施形態の撮像装置1は、画素541の境界に埋込み電極161及び162を配置し、それぞれ基準電位及び電荷保持部の電位を伝達していた。これに対し、本開示の第8の実施形態の撮像装置1は、画素541を囲繞する形状の埋込み電極を配置して基準電位のみを伝達する点で、上述の第1の実施形態と異なる。
図30は、本開示の第8の実施形態に係る画素共有ユニットの構成例を示す図である。同図は、図8と同様に、画素共有ユニット539の構成例を表す平面図である。同図の画素共有ユニット539は、埋込み電極161及び162の代わりに埋込み電極165を備え、電荷保持部103が画素541の境界から離隔して配置される点で、図8の画素共有ユニット539と異なる。
図31は、本開示の第8の実施形態に係る画素の構成例を示す図である。同図は、図9と同様に、画素541の構成例を表す模式断面図である。同図の画素541は、埋込み電極161及び162の代わりに埋込み電極165を備え、電荷保持部103が画素541の境界から離隔して配置される点で、図9の画素541と異なる。
上述の第8の実施形態の撮像装置1は、プレーナ型(横型)のMOSトランジスタにより構成される電荷転送部102を備えていた。これに対し、本開示の第9の実施形態の撮像装置1は、縦方向にキャリアが移動する縦型のMOSトランジスタにより構成される電荷転送部102を備える点で、上述の第8の実施形態と異なる。
図32は、本開示の第9の実施形態に係る画素共有ユニットの構成例を示す図である。同図は、図30と同様に、画素共有ユニット539の構成例を表す平面図である。同図の画素共有ユニット539は、縦型のMOSトランジスタにより構成される電荷転送部102を備える点で、図30の画素共有ユニット539と異なる。
図33は、本開示の第9の実施形態に係る画素の構成例を示す図である。同図は、画素541の構成例を表す模式断面図である。同図の画素541は、電荷保持部103が縦型のMOSトランジスタにより構成される点で、図31の画素541と異なる。
図34A-34Mは、本開示の第9の実施形態に係る撮像素子の製造方法の一例を示す図である。図34A-34Mは、撮像装置1の製造工程の一例を表した図であり、主として電荷転送部102の領域に係る製造工程の一例を表した図である。
図35は、本開示の第9の実施形態に係る電荷転送部の構成の第1の変形例を示す図である。同図は、電荷転送部102の構成の変形例を表す模式断面図である。同図の電荷転送部102は、環状溝127が略垂直な断面に構成される点で、図33の電荷転送部102と異なる。
上述の第9の実施形態の撮像装置1は、画素共有ユニット539毎に電荷転送部102の制御信号を伝達する配線が配置されていた。これに対し、本開示の第10の実施形態の撮像装置1は、隣接する画素共有ユニット539において電荷転送部102の制御信号を伝達する配線を共有する点で、上述の第9の実施形態と異なる。
図37は、本開示の第10の実施形態に係る画素共有ユニットの構成例を示す図である。同図は、図32と同様に、画素共有ユニット539の構成例を表す平面図である。同図の画素共有ユニット539は、電荷転送部配線144を備える点で、図32の画素共有ユニット539と異なる。
図38は、上記実施の形態およびその変形例に係る撮像装置を備えた撮像システムの概略構成の一例を表したものである。
本開示に係る技術(本技術)は、様々な製品へ応用することができる。例えば、本開示に係る技術は、自動車、電気自動車、ハイブリッド電気自動車、自動二輪車、自転車、パーソナルモビリティ、飛行機、ドローン、船舶、ロボット等のいずれかの種類の移動体に搭載される装置として実現されてもよい。
本開示に係る技術(本技術)は、様々な製品へ応用することができる。例えば、本開示に係る技術は、内視鏡手術システムに適用されてもよい。
撮像装置1は、画素541、画素回路210、分離部171、埋込み電極(埋込み電極161及び162)及び接続部(貫通電極251及び252)を有する。画素541は、第1の半導体基板120に配置されて入射光の光電変換を行う光電変換部101、光電変換により生成される電荷を保持する電荷保持部103及び電荷を光電変換部101から電荷保持部103に転送する電荷転送部102を備える。画素回路210は、第1の半導体基板120の表面側に積層される第2の半導体基板220に配置されて保持された電荷に基づいて画像信号を生成する。分離部171は、画素541の境界に配置される。埋込み電極(埋込み電極161及び162)は、分離部171と重なる画素541の境界の第1の半導体基板120の表面側に埋め込まれて配置されて第1の半導体基板120に接続される。接続部(貫通電極251及び252)は、埋込み電極(埋込み電極161及び162)に接続される。これにより、信号等を伝達する埋込み電極が画素の境界に配置されるという作用をもたらす。画素サイズを縮小することができる。
(1)
第1の半導体基板に配置されて入射光の光電変換を行う光電変換部、前記光電変換により生成される電荷を保持する電荷保持部及び前記電荷を前記光電変換部から前記電荷保持部に転送する電荷転送部を備える画素と、
前記第1の半導体基板の表面側に積層される第2の半導体基板に配置されて前記保持された電荷に基づいて画像信号を生成する画素回路と、
前記画素の境界に配置される分離部と、
前記分離部と重なる前記画素の境界の前記第1の半導体基板の表面側に埋め込まれて配置されて前記第1の半導体基板に接続される埋込み電極と、
前記埋込み電極に接続される接続部と
を有する撮像素子。
(2)
前記画素の境界に配置されて前記埋込み電極に接続される境界部配線を更に有する前記(1)に記載の撮像素子。
(3)
前記境界部配線は、前記第1の半導体基板に埋め込まれて配置される前記(2)に記載の撮像素子。
(4)
前記境界部配線は、前記第1の半導体基板の表面側に隣接して配置される前記(2)に記載の撮像素子。
(5)
前記接続部は、前記境界部配線を介して前記埋込み電極に接続される前記(2)に記載の撮像素子。
(6)
前記埋込み電極は、前記第1の半導体基板のウェル領域に接続され、
前記接続部は、基準電位を供給する
前記(1)から(5)の何れかに記載の撮像素子。
(7)
前記埋込み電極は、前記画素を囲繞する形状に構成される前記(6)に記載の撮像素子。
(8)
複数の前記画素が前記第1の半導体基板に配置される前記(6)に記載の撮像素子。
(9)
前記埋込み電極は、前記複数の画素のうちの2以上の画素により構成される画素グループのそれぞれの画素の前記ウェル領域に共通に接続される前記(8)に記載の撮像素子。
(10)
前記接続部は、前記画素グループ毎に配置される前記(9)に記載の撮像素子。
(11)
前記接続部は、前記複数の画素の外側の前記第1の半導体基板に配置される前記(8)に記載の撮像素子。
(12)
前記画素回路は、前記複数の画素のうちの2以上の画素により構成される画素共有ユニット毎に配置される前記(8)に記載の撮像素子。
(13)
前記電荷保持部に接続される第2の接続部と、
前記第1の半導体基板及び前記第2の半導体基板の間に配置されて前記画素共有ユニットに含まれる複数の画素のそれぞれの前記第2の接続部に共通に接続される電荷保持部配線と
を更に有し、
前記電荷保持部配線は、前記画素回路に接続される
前記(12)に記載の撮像素子。
(14)
前記第1の半導体基板及び前記第2の半導体基板の間に配置されて前記電荷転送部に制御信号を伝達するとともに異なる前記画素共有ユニットの前記電荷転送部に共通に接続される電荷転送部配線と、
前記電荷転送部配線に接続されて前記制御信号を供給する第2の接続部と
を更に有する前記(12)に記載の撮像素子。
(15)
前記接続部は、前記第2の半導体基板における前記画素回路の素子が配置されるウェル領域に接続される前記(6)から(14)の何れかに記載の撮像素子。
(16)
前記埋込み電極は、平面視において帯状に構成される前記(6)から(14)に記載の撮像素子。
(17)
前記埋込み電極は、前記電荷保持部に接続され、
前記接続部は、前記画素回路に接続される
前記(1)に記載の撮像素子。
(18)
複数の前記画素が前記第1の半導体基板に配置され
前記画素回路は、前記複数の画素のうちの2以上の画素により構成される画素共有ユニット毎に配置される
前記(17)に記載の撮像素子。
(19)
前記埋込み電極は、前記画素共有ユニットにおけるそれぞれの画素の前記電荷保持部に共通に接続される前記(18)に記載の撮像素子。
(20)
前記埋込み電極は、前記第1の半導体基板から突出する形状に構成され、
前記電荷転送部は、前記埋込み電極の前記第1の半導体基板からの突出高さ以下の高さのゲート電極を備えるMOSトランジスタにより構成される
前記(17)から(19)の何れかに記載の撮像素子。
(21)
前記接続部は、前記第1の半導体基板に形成される高い不純物濃度の半導体領域である高濃度不純物領域を介して前記ウェル領域に接続される前記(6)から(20)の何れかに記載の撮像素子。
(22)
前記埋込み電極は、シリコンを含んで構成される前記(1)から(21)の何れかに記載の撮像素子。
(23)
前記分離部は、前記第1の半導体基板を貫通する形状に構成される前記(1)から(22)の何れかに記載の撮像素子。
(24)
前記分離部は、絶縁物により構成される前記(1)から(23)の何れかに記載の撮像素子。
(25)
前記分離部は、高い不純物濃度の半導体領域により構成される前記(1)から(23)の何れかに記載の撮像素子。
(26)
前記第2の半導体基板における前記第1の半導体基板が配置される側とは異なる側に積層されて前記画素回路に接続される回路を備える第3の半導体基板を更に有する前記(1)から(25)の何れかに記載の撮像素子。
(27)
前記電荷転送部は、前記第1の半導体基板の表面側に形成された突出部に配置されるチャネル領域と前記突出部の側面に絶縁膜を介して隣接するゲート電極とを備えて前記第1の半導体基板の厚さ方向に前記電荷を転送するMOSトランジスタにより構成される前記(1)から(26)の何れかに記載の撮像素子。
(28)
前記突出部は、前記第1の半導体基板の表面側を環状溝の形状に研削することにより形成される前記(27)に記載の撮像素子。
(29)
前記ゲート電極は、前記突出部の側面を囲繞する形状に構成される前記(27)に記載の撮像素子。
(30)
前記電荷保持部は、前記突出部の端部に配置される前記(27)から(29)の何れかに記載の撮像素子。
(31)
前記ゲート電極は、前記電荷保持部から前記第1の半導体基板の厚さ方向に離隔して配置される前記(30)に記載の撮像素子。
(32)
前記チャネル領域は、前記第1の半導体基板のウェル領域とは異なる導電型に構成される前記(27)から(31)の何れかに記載の撮像素子。
(33)
第1の半導体基板に配置されて入射光の光電変換を行う光電変換部、前記光電変換により生成される電荷を保持する電荷保持部及び前記電荷を前記光電変換部から前記電荷保持部に転送する電荷転送部を備える画素と、
前記第1の半導体基板の表面側に積層される第2の半導体基板に配置されて前記保持された電荷に基づいて画像信号を生成する画素回路と、
前記画素の境界に配置される分離部と、
前記分離部と重なる前記画素の境界の前記第1の半導体基板の表面側に埋め込まれて配置されて前記第1の半導体基板に接続される埋込み電極と、
前記埋込み電極に接続される接続部と、
前記生成された画像信号を処理する処理回路と
を有する撮像装置。
100S、200S、300S 半導体層
100T、200T、300T 配線層
101、101A、101B 光電変換部
102、102A、102B 電荷転送部
103、103A、103B 電荷保持部
120 第1の半導体基板
123、123A、123B 半導体領域
124 チャネル領域
126 突出部
128 環状溝
129 絶縁膜
132 ゲート電極
134 離隔部
142 電荷保持部配線
143 電極
144、144A、144B、144C、144D 電荷転送部配線
161、162、165、166 埋込み電極
163、164 境界部配線
171、173、174 分離部
179 溝部
210 画素回路
220 第2の半導体基板
251~254 貫通電極
320 第3の半導体基板
538 画素グループ
539、539A、539B、539E、539F 画素共有ユニット
540 画素アレイ部
541、541A、541B、541C、541D 画素
550 列信号処理部
11402、12031、12101~12105 撮像部
Claims (33)
- 第1の半導体基板に配置されて入射光の光電変換を行う光電変換部、前記光電変換により生成される電荷を保持する電荷保持部及び前記電荷を前記光電変換部から前記電荷保持部に転送する電荷転送部を備える画素と、
前記第1の半導体基板の表面側に積層される第2の半導体基板に配置されて前記保持された電荷に基づいて画像信号を生成する画素回路と、
前記画素の境界に配置される分離部と、
前記分離部と重なる前記画素の境界の前記第1の半導体基板の表面側に埋め込まれて配置されて前記第1の半導体基板に接続される埋込み電極と、
前記埋込み電極に接続される接続部と
を有する撮像素子。 - 前記画素の境界に配置されて前記埋込み電極に接続される境界部配線を更に有する請求項1に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記境界部配線は、前記第1の半導体基板に埋め込まれて配置される請求項2に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記境界部配線は、前記第1の半導体基板の表面側に隣接して配置される請求項2に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記接続部は、前記境界部配線を介して前記埋込み電極に接続される請求項2に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記埋込み電極は、前記第1の半導体基板のウェル領域に接続され、
前記接続部は、基準電位を供給する
請求項1に記載の撮像素子。 - 前記埋込み電極は、前記画素を囲繞する形状に構成される請求項6に記載の撮像素子。
- 複数の前記画素が前記第1の半導体基板に配置される請求項6に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記埋込み電極は、前記複数の画素のうちの2以上の画素により構成される画素グループのそれぞれの画素の前記ウェル領域に共通に接続される請求項8に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記接続部は、前記画素グループ毎に配置される請求項9に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記接続部は、前記複数の画素の外側の前記第1の半導体基板に配置される請求項8に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記画素回路は、前記複数の画素のうちの2以上の画素により構成される画素共有ユニット毎に配置される請求項8に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記電荷保持部に接続される第2の接続部と、
前記第1の半導体基板及び前記第2の半導体基板の間に配置されて前記画素共有ユニットに含まれる複数の画素のそれぞれの前記第2の接続部に共通に接続される電荷保持部配線と
を更に有し、
前記電荷保持部配線は、前記画素回路に接続される
請求項12に記載の撮像素子。 - 前記第1の半導体基板及び前記第2の半導体基板の間に配置されて前記電荷転送部に制御信号を伝達するとともに異なる前記画素共有ユニットの前記電荷転送部に共通に接続される電荷転送部配線と、
前記電荷転送部配線に接続されて前記制御信号を供給する第2の接続部と
を更に有する請求項12に記載の撮像素子。 - 前記接続部は、前記第2の半導体基板における前記画素回路の素子が配置されるウェル領域に接続される請求項6に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記埋込み電極は、平面視において帯状に構成される請求項6に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記埋込み電極は、前記電荷保持部に接続され、
前記接続部は、前記画素回路に接続される
請求項1に記載の撮像素子。 - 複数の前記画素が前記第1の半導体基板に配置され
前記画素回路は、前記複数の画素のうちの2以上の画素により構成される画素共有ユニット毎に配置される
請求項17に記載の撮像素子。 - 前記埋込み電極は、前記画素共有ユニットにおけるそれぞれの画素の前記電荷保持部に共通に接続される請求項18に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記埋込み電極は、前記第1の半導体基板から突出する形状に構成され、
前記電荷転送部は、前記埋込み電極の前記第1の半導体基板からの突出高さ以下の高さのゲート電極を備えるMOSトランジスタにより構成される
請求項17に記載の撮像素子。 - 前記接続部は、前記第1の半導体基板に形成される高い不純物濃度の半導体領域である高濃度不純物領域を介して前記ウェル領域に接続される請求項6に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記埋込み電極は、シリコンを含んで構成される請求項1に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記分離部は、前記第1の半導体基板を貫通する形状に構成される請求項1に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記分離部は、絶縁物により構成される請求項1に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記分離部は、高い不純物濃度の半導体領域により構成される請求項1に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記第2の半導体基板における前記第1の半導体基板が配置される側とは異なる側に積層されて前記画素回路に接続される回路を備える第3の半導体基板を更に有する請求項1に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記電荷転送部は、前記第1の半導体基板の表面側に形成された突出部に配置されるチャネル領域と前記突出部の側面に絶縁膜を介して隣接するゲート電極とを備えて前記第1の半導体基板の厚さ方向に前記電荷を転送するMOSトランジスタにより構成される請求項1に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記突出部は、前記第1の半導体基板の表面側を環状溝の形状に研削することにより形成される請求項27に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記ゲート電極は、前記突出部の側面を囲繞する形状に構成される請求項27に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記電荷保持部は、前記突出部の端部に配置される請求項27に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記ゲート電極は、前記電荷保持部から前記第1の半導体基板の厚さ方向に離隔して配置される請求項30に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記チャネル領域は、前記第1の半導体基板のウェル領域とは異なる導電型に構成される請求項27に記載の撮像素子。
- 第1の半導体基板に配置されて入射光の光電変換を行う光電変換部、前記光電変換により生成される電荷を保持する電荷保持部及び前記電荷を前記光電変換部から前記電荷保持部に転送する電荷転送部を備える画素と、
前記第1の半導体基板の表面側に積層される第2の半導体基板に配置されて前記保持された電荷に基づいて画像信号を生成する画素回路と、
前記画素の境界に配置される分離部と、
前記分離部と重なる前記画素の境界の前記第1の半導体基板の表面側に埋め込まれて配置されて前記第1の半導体基板に接続される埋込み電極と、
前記埋込み電極に接続される接続部と、
前記生成された画像信号を処理する処理回路と
を有する撮像装置。
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18/257,926 US20240055446A1 (en) | 2020-12-25 | 2021-12-24 | Imaging element and imaging device |
| EP21911051.7A EP4270932A4 (en) | 2020-12-25 | 2021-12-24 | IMAGE CAPTURE ELEMENT AND IMAGE CAPTURE DEVICE |
| CN202180084751.4A CN116547790A (zh) | 2020-12-25 | 2021-12-24 | 成像元件及成像装置 |
| JP2022571680A JP7753257B2 (ja) | 2020-12-25 | 2021-12-24 | 撮像素子及び撮像装置 |
| KR1020237019280A KR20230124566A (ko) | 2020-12-25 | 2021-12-24 | 촬상 소자 및 촬상 장치 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020217525 | 2020-12-25 | ||
| JP2020-217525 | 2020-12-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2022138914A1 true WO2022138914A1 (ja) | 2022-06-30 |
Family
ID=82158034
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2021/048194 Ceased WO2022138914A1 (ja) | 2020-12-25 | 2021-12-24 | 撮像素子及び撮像装置 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240055446A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP4270932A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP7753257B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20230124566A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN116547790A (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW202234692A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2022138914A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2024031790A (ja) * | 2022-08-26 | 2024-03-07 | 台湾積體電路製造股▲ふん▼有限公司 | 積層型cmosイメージセンサ |
| WO2025028425A1 (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2025-02-06 | Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation | Imaging element and electronic apparatus |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018008614A1 (ja) * | 2016-07-06 | 2018-01-11 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 撮像素子、撮像素子の製造方法、及び、電子機器 |
| WO2019131965A1 (ja) | 2017-12-27 | 2019-07-04 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 撮像素子 |
| JP2020013906A (ja) * | 2018-07-18 | 2020-01-23 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 受光素子および測距モジュール |
-
2021
- 2021-12-24 TW TW110148806A patent/TW202234692A/zh unknown
- 2021-12-24 CN CN202180084751.4A patent/CN116547790A/zh active Pending
- 2021-12-24 EP EP21911051.7A patent/EP4270932A4/en active Pending
- 2021-12-24 US US18/257,926 patent/US20240055446A1/en active Pending
- 2021-12-24 KR KR1020237019280A patent/KR20230124566A/ko active Pending
- 2021-12-24 WO PCT/JP2021/048194 patent/WO2022138914A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2021-12-24 JP JP2022571680A patent/JP7753257B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018008614A1 (ja) * | 2016-07-06 | 2018-01-11 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 撮像素子、撮像素子の製造方法、及び、電子機器 |
| WO2019131965A1 (ja) | 2017-12-27 | 2019-07-04 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 撮像素子 |
| JP2020013906A (ja) * | 2018-07-18 | 2020-01-23 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 受光素子および測距モジュール |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP4270932A4 |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2024031790A (ja) * | 2022-08-26 | 2024-03-07 | 台湾積體電路製造股▲ふん▼有限公司 | 積層型cmosイメージセンサ |
| JP7547551B2 (ja) | 2022-08-26 | 2024-09-09 | 台湾積體電路製造股▲ふん▼有限公司 | 積層型cmosイメージセンサ |
| WO2025028425A1 (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2025-02-06 | Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation | Imaging element and electronic apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4270932A1 (en) | 2023-11-01 |
| US20240055446A1 (en) | 2024-02-15 |
| JP7753257B2 (ja) | 2025-10-14 |
| JPWO2022138914A1 (ja) | 2022-06-30 |
| KR20230124566A (ko) | 2023-08-25 |
| TW202234692A (zh) | 2022-09-01 |
| CN116547790A (zh) | 2023-08-04 |
| EP4270932A4 (en) | 2024-04-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US20240266381A1 (en) | Imaging element and semiconductor element | |
| US20250275265A1 (en) | Imaging device | |
| US20210384237A1 (en) | Solid-state imaging element and imaging device | |
| US20220367540A1 (en) | Imaging device | |
| US12183757B2 (en) | Solid-state imaging device | |
| US20230411429A1 (en) | Imaging device and light-receiving element | |
| US20220367539A1 (en) | Imaging device | |
| US20240379709A1 (en) | Light detection device, method of manufacturing light detection device, and electronic equipment | |
| US20240162268A1 (en) | Imaging element and imaging device | |
| US20250133847A1 (en) | Imaging apparatus and electronic device | |
| JP7753257B2 (ja) | 撮像素子及び撮像装置 | |
| US20220344390A1 (en) | Organic cis image sensor | |
| US20250056140A1 (en) | Solid-state imaging device and electronic equipment | |
| US20250155283A1 (en) | Comparator, light detection element, and electronic device | |
| US20240313014A1 (en) | Imaging apparatus and electronic device | |
| US20240030264A1 (en) | Imaging element and imaging device | |
| CN119137745A (zh) | 成像元件及成像装置 | |
| US20250374702A1 (en) | Imaging element and electronic device | |
| JP7759387B2 (ja) | 固体撮像装置およびその製造方法 | |
| US20250330727A1 (en) | Comparator, light detection element, and electronic device | |
| US20240006432A1 (en) | Imaging device | |
| WO2024014209A1 (ja) | 撮像装置 | |
| KR20250136838A (ko) | 반도체 장치 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 21911051 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022571680 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202180084751.4 Country of ref document: CN |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18257926 Country of ref document: US |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021911051 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20230725 |