WO2022135814A2 - Device and method for grinding a profile - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device (1) for using a grinding element to grind a profile of a rail track intended for rail-bound vehicles. The support is arranged on the device (1) for translatory movement in a plane transverse to the profile by means of a guide (12) and can be applied against the profile by a contact element (13, 14) such that the support carrying the grinding element automatically aligns itself in the transverse plane in respect of the profile and in respect of the device (1). Furthermore, the support for the grinding element can be moved in a translatory oscillating manner parallel to a longitudinal axis of the profile during rotational movement, such that a profile section is worked by the grinding element multiple times and the grinding outcome is substantially improved by the translatory movement.

Description

Device and method for grinding a profile

The invention relates to a mobile device designed in particular as a rail vehicle for grinding a profile with a convex running surface and a side surface delimiting the profile, in particular a track rail intended for rail vehicles, the device being movable in a feed direction along the profile and at least one about an axis of rotation has profiled grinding bodies which can be driven in a rotationally movable and/or oscillating manner and are arranged on a carrier. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for grinding the profile, in which at least one grinding body arranged on a carrier is driven in a rotationally movable or oscillating manner about an axis of rotation.

DE 69201 811 T2 already discloses a mobile device designed as a rail vehicle with a plurality of grinding wheels for grinding a track rail with a convex running surface and a delimiting side surface. The device can be moved in the feed direction along the track rail, while the grinding wheels can also be driven in a rotationally movable manner about an axis of rotation. The grinding wheels each have an inclined axis of rotation which does not intersect the rail profile, which are arranged on a frame of the rail vehicle which can be displaced transversely to the rail and which are guided by means of rollers which bear against the rail. The frame serves to slide the carrier both in a transverse direction and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rail. The carrier has at least one support roller placed in close proximity to the axis of the corresponding grinding wheel. These support rollers are placed against the inside of the rail head.

DD 219230 A5 describes a device for reprofiling a rail head, with the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel being inclined relative to the vertical and horizontal planes. The grinding wheel is guided vertically and laterally relative to the rail on a grinding frame by means of grinding shoes or rollers. The grinding wheel points a flat grinding surface, which is reworked by a pin used to dress the grinding wheel during the grinding process. The processing of the convex rail head is therefore only partial, so that facets are generated as a result and the rail transverse profile is given a discontinuous course.

DE 26 12 173 A1 discloses inclined contra-rotating grinding wheels with offset axes that do not intersect the profile, which are suspended on tool carriers which can be displaced vertically and transversely by means of a tracking system associated with each rail. The grinding tools arranged on each side of the rail act on the upper side of the rail head with the same infeed movement, whereby the transverse displaceability of the two frame parts relative to one another results in centering for each rail independent of one another.

DE 32 27 343 A1 also discloses a grinding device in which a height-adjustable tool carrier is arranged under a chassis for each of the rails, which guides a rotatable machining tool, in particular a cup grinding wheel, in a defined manner via lateral rollers running on the profile, whose axis of rotation cuts the profile of the rail.

In a rail vehicle according to EP 2 791 422 B1, face milling profiling discs are arranged on a chassis on a processing plate, which is linear in relation to the rail in the vertical and transverse direction as a compound slide and can also be angularly adjusted around the longitudinal and vertical axis, with sliding on the rail Sensors supply the reference variable for the setting. The tool can be tracked to the rail, for example, by means of an articulated arm robot.

The device known from US Pat. No. 4,583,893 A comprises a carrier element which is linearly displaceable in relation to a rail and comprises a contoured milling tool. A depth-of-cut reference guide for the tool storage is mountable on the top of the running surface of the rail and a lateral depth-of-cut reference guide on the side surface. The two cutting depth reference guides are rotatably mounted around a common shaft and are arranged in front of the milling tool in the feed direction.

Due to comparatively high axle loads and high travel speeds, rails are often stressed up to the yield point of the rail material and are therefore subject to wear, which has a negative effect on the profile of the running surface of the rail head. As a result of constant wear and tear, the running surfaces of railroad tracks do not remain straight, but form waves of different lengths over time. These corrugations are eliminated by grinding the rails, corrugations of longer lengths presenting certain hardware problems.

It is necessary to eliminate the ripples and waves that occur on the running surface of rails during ferry operations, which stimulate the wheel sets of the vehicles to vibrate, which disturb the smooth running of the vehicles, cause excessive wear of the track superstructure and the vehicles and cause whistling driving noises to grind the heads of the railroad tracks flat from time to time.

For this purpose, grinding devices are known which have at least two cup wheels which are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the rail head and are set against the running surface on opposite sides of the rail head and have a grinding profile corresponding to the running surface profile.

For example, a method for the machining of railroad tracks is known for this purpose, in which a large number of rotating grinding wheels are used, which are arranged next to and behind one another, with some of the grinding wheels being inclined in accordance with the original profile of the rail heads. With such a grinding process, only an approximation to the original profile of the rail heads can be achieved.

EP 0 315 704 B1 already describes a grinding machine for reprofiling rail heads with a grinding head which can be adjusted by a lifting device, with the grinding heads being able to be raised and lowered successively and offset.

An arrangement of grinding modules in a rail grinding machine is known from WO 00/58559 A1, which takes into account the radial offset in the case of narrow rail curvature radii without the occurrence of constraining forces and enables the rail to be reprofiled in a simple manner. The grinding tool has five degrees of freedom, in which each grinding module is mounted with a frame that is at least approximately vertically adjustable and on the frame with a frame that is at least approximately horizontally adjustable. So-called cup grinders are also known, which are brought into engagement with the rail surface on the end face and are preferably set at a tilting angle with respect to the rail surface to be ground.

In so-called offset grinding, a front face of the grinding tool is also used to process the rail, although this is contoured to match the rail geometry. This is made possible by the fact that the axis of rotation does not run through the rail but at a lateral distance. The grinding zone is therefore not in the direction of the feed movement in front of the axis of rotation, but transversely between the axis of rotation and the rail. In order to achieve sufficient removal capacity, a high rotational speed and/or high contact pressure is set. In practice, this leads to flying sparks and thus to the risk of fire.

EP 2 525 933 B1 relates to a device for machining the running surface of a rail head with a frame guided along the rail head. The machining tools are designed as face milling cutters that can be driven in opposite directions, the axes of rotation of which run in a common plane and the cutting areas of which overlap one another transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail head.

Other grinding devices are described in US Pat. Nos. 4,583,895 A1, DE 32 27 343 A1, DE 28 01 110 A1 and EP 1 918458 A1.

CH 670667 A5, US Pat. No. 5,997,391 A, DE 41 19 525 A1 and JP 2003-053655 A already disclose devices for grinding a rail with a grinding belt running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rail. During grinding, the grinding belt is pressed against the rail to be ground by a profiled sliding shoe, a movable pressure shoe or by a pressure element. Furthermore, DE 202005 012 147 U1 also relates to a device for grinding a rail with a contact roller shaped according to the rail head, by means of which a grinding belt is pressed against the latter.

EP 0444242 A1 also discloses a device for grinding a rail running surface with a grinding belt aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rail, with another belt designed as a pressure belt being arranged between the pressure rollers and the grinding belt. So-called slide stones are also used for profile grinding the heads of railroad tracks. Grinding trains are used here, with grinding stones arranged on the underside, which are guided over the rail surfaces under pressure. The slide stone grinding is based on an oscillating translational movement of the grinding wheel along the rail during the movement of the vehicle. Due to the contouring of the grinding wheel, which largely retains its shape during use even as wear progresses, a good surface quality and dimensional accuracy is achieved in principle.

A disadvantage of the grinding process with slide stones is that the slide stone adapts to the worn profile of the rail surface after a short time, so that the ripples and waves in the rail surface can be eliminated, but the original profile of the rail head cannot be restored.

In order to increase the driving speed that can be achieved with slide blocks, DE 21 32 220 A proposes providing an abrasive carrier that can be attached to the grinding train and has individual guide channels pointing to the rail surface for a relatively coarse-grained abrasive with loose grain, which can be fed through the channels under pressure from the Rail surface is fed and held there by the channel walls, the lower boundary edges of the guide channels to the rail surface have a distance which is smaller than the grain size of the abrasive. As a result, only relatively small and short chips are formed, which can be easily removed without difficulty. Heat build-up due to plaque formation and any risk of breakage are thus effectively avoided.

To increase the processing speed, it is known, for example from DE 32 22 208 A1, to use milling tools whose cutting edges, distributed in several axial groups over the circumference of the cutter head, simulate the rail head profile.

However, the arcuate cutting path of the individual cutting edges of the milling tool caused by such peripheral milling leads to a surface of the rail head that is corrugated in the longitudinal direction of the rail, with the surface quality deteriorating with increasing feed rate due to the increasing distance between the chip removals of successive cutting edges.

These disadvantages are by end mills, as they are known for example from US 4,583,893 A, which are arranged on one side of the rail head and with a complex guide are used, which has a freely rotatable guide disc and several guide rollers on the opposite side of the rail.

Similar disadvantages arise with a device according to EP 0 148 089 A2, in which the running surface is machined on both sides of the longitudinal center by a milling head, which is designed as an end mill, but must be used with a correspondingly inclined axis, because this common milling head is used for peripheral milling the long sides of the rail head must be arranged before or after.

WO 02/06587 A1 also describes a method for reprofiling at least the convex part of the rail head cross-sectional profile of a rail by peripheral milling with more than five milling tracks lying next to one another in the longitudinal direction of the rail.

Further devices for machining finishing, in particular for milling rail heads laid in the track, are described in the publications EP 0 952 255 B1, US Pat. No. 5,549,505 A, EP 0 668 398 B1, EP 0 668 397 B1, US Pat described.

Devices are also known in which the rail heads are machined with a so-called rail planer. The publication DE 2841 506 C2 shows such a device, in which the cutting planer knives process the rail with a continuous feed movement. Planing can be used to create flat surfaces that only show negligible traces of processing compared to milling. A disadvantage of planing, especially compared to the milling process, is a comparatively long processing time due to the multiple passes required over the rail section to be processed.

In order to obtain a planar surface, EP 2 177664 A1 proposes moving the cutting edge along a straight path during the machining of the workpiece.

When machining a track rail using milling tools, a large amount of material is removed, but the surface quality produced in this way requires post-processing by finishing. In contrast, less material is removed with the known grinding methods than with milling. However, higher feed speeds can be achieved during grinding, so that in practice both milling and grinding methods are used due to the respective boundary conditions. It is therefore currently customary to machine rails in one operation with a milling machine and to reduce the machining marks that occur on the machined surface as a result of milling, such as ripples or track patterns, by grinding.

The object of the invention is to significantly improve the stock removal rate when grinding profiles, while at the same time there are high demands on the surface quality and the dimensional accuracy of the profile machined in this way.

According to the invention, this object is achieved with a device for grinding a track rail according to the features of claim 1 . The further development of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.

According to the invention, a device for grinding is provided in which the axis of rotation can be positioned at an angle relative to the vertical plane and/or relative to the horizontal plane and the axis of rotation does not run through the profile and in which the carrier on the device is in a transverse plane the transverse plane is arranged to be movable in particular in a translatory manner in relation to the feed direction and the carrier is kinematically coupled to at least one contact element which can be placed against the profile in a non-positive manner as a lateral copying and/or vertical copying, through which the carrier with the grinding wheel is positioned in the transverse plane opposite the profile and opposite the device automatically aligns.

The invention is based on the finding that compliance with extremely small tolerances when processing the profiles using the mobile device designed as a rail vehicle can be achieved in that the carrier of the grinding wheel both relative to the profile and relative to the mobile Device is movable and aligns itself automatically in use of the device. At the same time, the result of the work is achieved independently of any wear and tear that occurs on the abrasive body, which therefore does not have a negative effect on the quality of the surface treatment.

The automatic alignment could take place on the basis of non-contact distance measurements. According to the invention, the device is equipped with a contact element, for example a sliding element such as a carriage, or an arrangement with at least one roller or one wheel. Contact-based lateral and/or vertical copying moves the carrier of the grinding wheel in its guide in the transverse plane and adjusted to the grinding wheel wear. Furthermore However, the contact element also compensates for the displacement in the direction of the outside of the curve that occurs in practice due to the forced guidance of the mobile device when cornering.

Such a forcibly guided lateral copying is preferably applied in a non-positive manner to the inner or medial lateral surface facing the respective other track rail.

It has already proven to be particularly expedient if the carrier also carries a paired arrangement of several grinding bodies, which are arranged in a common transverse plane of the device in such a way that the grinding bodies can be aligned both together relative to the parallel track rails and relative to one another. Since a separate contact element is assigned to each sliding body, inaccuracies in the profile along its main extension or deviations from the ideal parallel alignment of the track rails can also be compensated for. For this purpose, the contact element is prestressed with a predetermined, in particular adjustable, prestressing force in relation to the profile, in particular the track rail. As a result, the grinding bodies are spread against each other at the same time, so that in particular no additional abutment is required to absorb the contact force.

For height adjustment, another contact element, which can be designed as a roller, is prestressed from above against the running surface of the profile or the track rail, in order to also achieve automatic adjustment in the vertical direction. In addition, however, the contact element can also have two contact surfaces in order to enable horizontal alignment with respect to the side surface and vertical alignment with respect to the running surface at the same time with a single contact element.

It has already been shown that the device equipped in this way is independent of the movement of the rail vehicle during operation due to the vertical and horizontal guidance of the carrier and the associated grinding bodies, so that for the first time a working platform is not the reference for the setting of the tools, but directly the profile to be processed itself, which clearly leads to far fewer errors.

It has been found that the machining quality can be further improved by arranging the grinding bodies in a common transverse plane of the device or the cross-sectional plane of the profile with the contact element assigned to it. As a result, the position of the contact element as a page copy is directly on the Center of rotation of the grinding body, which is designed in particular as a cup grinding wheel, is related so that there is no lateral offset even when traveling through a curve. Rather, the contour of the grinding wheel always remains congruent with the profile.

The axis of rotation of the grinding body is particularly preferably oriented with a lateral or medial lateral offset in the cross-sectional plane of the profile in such a way that it does not intersect the profile. A negative shape of the profile is formed in the grinding wheel due to an angle of attack and an eccentric position of the cup grinding wheel. This creates a contact surface that is of different lengths in terms of its contact length on the surface of the profile, which is distributed over the transverse rail profile. Due to this extended contact surface in the radius area of the profile, the grinding tool is automatically stabilized in the longitudinal direction, which leads to an optimal smoothing of the surface, in particular the residual waviness of the profile.

Furthermore, it has already proven to be particularly expedient if a plurality of grinding bodies are arranged one behind the other in the feed direction on a respective carrier, with the axes of rotation of the grinding bodies not being aligned parallel but at an angle to one another. Different angles of attack of the grinding wheels produce different grinding areas on the surface of the profile. The entire transverse profile can be ground with two grinding wheels in a row at different angles, in that different grinding wheels are used to process different surface sections (tracks) running parallel to one another in the direction of the main extension of the profile with different angles of inclination.

The grinding wheels can be operated in parallel and counter-rotation, so that the direction of rotation of the grinding wheels in the feed direction and against the feed direction is identical. As a result, when material is removed during the grinding process, a removal jet that is always acting in the same direction, in particular tangentially, is created by the rotating grinding body, regardless of the direction of movement of the device.

Since the axes of rotation of the grinding wheels are not arranged parallel to the cross-sectional plane of the profile to be machined, but are oriented inclined in the feed direction or counter to it, the larger area of the contact surface between the grinding wheel and the profile is in front of or behind the plane of the axis of rotation. In this way, a dragging or plunging machining in relation to the feed direction with respect to a cross-sectional plane of the profile is realized in a simple manner. A trailing or trailing arrangement for hobbing or face milling to smooth the residual waviness can also be implemented.

Different positions of the grinding wheel are conceivable. If the grinding body is placed in the middle, ie if the axis of rotation runs through the profile, in particular its central longitudinal axis, straight facets are produced, which has already proven to be expedient in rough grinding. It is also useful to use a combination of several grinding bodies, of which at least one axis of rotation passes through the profile and at least one other axis of rotation with a lateral offset to the profile, with the latter not being oriented in a cutting manner.

If the grinding bodies are used in combination with at least one milling cutter, the milled transverse rail profile can be produced with partial oversize, so that an exact transverse rail profile is produced after grinding. This occurs when the partial allowance after milling protrudes in the area in which the grinding tool also corresponds in its normal (pressing direction = greatest grinding removal).

While the grinding operation is being carried out, the grinding bodies are in contact with the profile, depending on the force, with a contact pressure or prestressing force that can be set or limited in particular. The regulation of the contact pressure or pretensioning force is expediently carried out taking into account the relevant parameters of the profile and the ambient conditions, with the detected torque of the grinding wheel and the feed rate of the device also being able to be included.

In order to be able to compensate for a quick and reliable adjustment to different profiles, in particular track rails or different operating conditions and the associated different relative positions and orientations between the profile and the device, the carrier or the axis of rotation can be adjusted in a displacement-controlled manner.

In a further embodiment of the invention that is also particularly promising, the carrier is designed to be reversingly translationally movable in a plane parallel to the main extension of the profile or the track rail to initiate a superimposed movement during the rotating and/or oscillating movement. In that at least one of the grinding bodies designed as a grinding wheel is simultaneously subjected to a reversing translational movement during the rotating or oscillating movement reciprocating along a certain arc of a circle of the carrier equipped with the grinding body is moved in a plane parallel to the main extension of the track rail, a multiple grinding means intervention takes place in each rail section. As a result, a rail section is not only reached once by the grinding zone of the grinding wheel, but is run over several times by the grinding wheel and a correspondingly high removal rate is achieved. In this way, surface qualities comparable to a slide stone process can be achieved, with waviness in the rail surface in particular being able to be reliably ruled out.

The shape of the track rail to be processed is not determined by the geometry of the grinding wheel, but by its angle of attack, so that there is no dimensional deviation in connection with a rotating or oscillating movement. A combination of several grinding bodies, which is known per se, has already proven to be useful.

It is particularly advantageous if the axis of rotation of at least one grinding body encloses an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of the profile. The desired shape of the grinding process to be produced is accordingly achieved by a plurality of grinding bodies, which together produce the desired profile. The axes of rotation of different grinding wheels enclose an acute angle relative to one another. In addition, the angle of attack of at least one grinding wheel can be designed to be adjustable, with the angle of inclination of the respective axis of rotation preferably also being designed to be adjustable during operation of the device.

Furthermore, the angle of attack can also be selected according to the desired free space profile, in order to be able to achieve optimal grinding results even under spatially restricted operating conditions.

If, according to a further, particularly expedient embodiment of the invention, the axis of rotation of the grinding body forms an acute angle with the transverse plane of the track rail, the material removed can be transported away quickly from the processing zone in a simple manner, so that the removed material cannot collect in the grinding gap .

Of course, the abrasive body has a rotationally symmetrical shape. Particularly advantageous is a variant of the grinding wheel, which at least partially has a has a concave shape of the peripheral surface or the end face, the concave grinding surface being adapted to the geometry of the profile of the track rail.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the grinding wheel and/or the carrier has at least one electric and/or hydraulic drive in order to provide the desired drive power and also a rapid change in the speed of the carrier or the grinding wheel by decelerating or accelerating in To be able to make depending on the respective operating conditions. The drive can be arranged centrally on the device or decentrally on the carrier, with several of the grinding bodies being able to be supplied with the required drive power by a common drive.

Another embodiment of the invention that is also particularly promising is also achieved in that the rotary or oscillating movement of the at least one grinding body on the one hand and the translational movement of the carrier on the other hand are synchronized by a kinematic coupling. As a result, the rotational or oscillating movement is adapted to the movement of the carrier, which is cyclically decelerated at the reversal points due to the reversing translatory movement. The associated change in the relative movement of the grinding wheel in relation to the track rail is compensated for by the kinematic coupling. A superimposition of another drive power of the grinding body by a further drive power brought about by means of the kinematic coupling can thus be implemented without any problems. For example, racks, connecting rods, coupling rods or the like can be used for power transmission. In practice, an additional speed component of the rotation or oscillation of the grinding wheel rotation is thus superimposed on the at least one grinding body, especially when the carrier is moving in a direction opposite to the direction of travel. The side copying and the guide are prestressed by a prestressing force in relation to the profile, while the grinding body can be lifted off on one side, for example.

In a further, particularly advantageous modification of the invention, the drive power of the carrier is used as the sole drive power for the rotation of the grinding tool by using the coupling.

In another, also particularly promising embodiment of the

Invention, the synchronized rotary or oscillating movement of the at least one grinding body on the one hand and the translatory movement of the carrier on the other hand by a hydraulic, pneumatic or an electromechanical coupling. In this case, the additional or sole drive power for the at least one grinding body is created by the cyclic pressure increase or reduction of the hydraulic or pneumatic pressure of the drive of the carrier, which becomes effective in the areas of the reversal points of the reversing movement. A distinction can also be made between the drive power provided at the rear and front reversal points. In this way, for example, the relative speed of the grinding body, which is moved in a rotating or oscillating manner and also in a translatory manner by means of the carrier, can be kept constant with respect to the track rail within predetermined limit values. A pressure accumulator can also be provided for this purpose in order to be able to provide as uniform a drive power as possible.

The object according to the invention is also achieved with a method for grinding a profile, in particular a track rail intended for rail vehicles, in which at least one grinding body arranged on a carrier is driven in a rotationally movable or oscillating manner about an axis of rotation, in that during the rotational or oscillating movement of at least one grinding body, the carrier carrying the grinding body is at least temporarily driven in reversing translational fashion to initiate a superimposed movement parallel to a longitudinal axis of the profile. Thus, there is always multiple engagement of the grinding wheel in each profile section, in which the carriers are moved back and forth in the longitudinal direction of the track rail, while the grinding wheel ensures the desired material removal through its rotational or oscillating movement. In this case, the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel is arranged inclined in particular at an acute angle relative to the plane of the surface section to be machined and/or to the cross-sectional plane of the track rail. As a result, the removed material is transported away from the track rail medially or laterally due to the inclined orientation of the axis of rotation of the grinding body and thus does not collect in the region of the grinding gap in an undesired manner. The axis of rotation is preferably inclined in such a way that the lateral axis section lies in front of the medial axis section in relation to the track rail in the direction of travel. The medial side refers to the side facing the adjacent track rail and the lateral side to the side facing away from the adjacent track rail.

In comparison to the grinding methods with rotating grinding tools known from the prior art, the rotational speed can be reduced, which also significantly reduces flying sparks during operation, while the relative speed can still be increased between the rail surface of the track rail and the grinding body.

Since the translational movement of the grinding wheel follows a sinusoidal speed in the rail plane, the rotation is preferably controlled in such a way that the rotational speed of the grinding wheel is increased in the area of the reversal points of the translational reversing movement of the carrier. In particular, the rotational speed of the rotating movement of the grinding wheel is reciprocally adapted to the translatory movement.

Since the translational movement is additionally superimposed by the travel movement of the device along the rail, the translational speed is added when moving in the direction of travel and the translatory speed is subtracted when moving against the direction of travel. The absolute translational speed of the grinding wheel is not zero in the area of the reversal points during operation. Rather, the speed of the carrier between the reversal points in the direction of travel is greater than against the direction of travel. To compensate, the rotation speed is further reduced in the direction of travel, but increased in the opposite direction to travel.

A particularly practical development of the method according to the invention is also achieved in that the speed or the frequency of the rotating or oscillating movement of at least one grinding wheel in the area of the reversal points of the translatory reversing movement is changed, in particular increased, compared to an area between the reversal points in order to Compensate for a delay in the translational movement of the carrier by increasing the rotational or oscillating movement accordingly. For this purpose, in particular, the change in the rotational speed or the frequency of the rotating or oscillating movement is set reciprocally to the reversing translatory movement.

In the case of a mobile device, in particular one designed as a rail vehicle, it has proven to be particularly expedient if the rotational or oscillating movement is set at a lower rotational speed or frequency in the direction of travel than in the opposite direction of travel. This compensates for the movement of the mobile device itself along the track rail, which is superimposed on the translatory movement of the carrier and increases or reduces the amount depending on the movement phase of the carrier. In addition to this fundamental difference in rotational or oscillating movement in the direction of travel and against the direction of travel Of course, the deceleration and acceleration occurring in the area of the reversal points of the reversing movement of the carrier can be compensated for in this way.

In a particularly simple variant of the method, the rotational or oscillating movement of the at least one grinding body on the one hand and the translational movement of the carrier on the other hand are initiated in a kinematically coupled manner in order to keep the control effort low.

In order to accelerate the rotary or oscillating movement of the grinding body when the carrier decelerates, the carrier can also be connected to an energy store, for example a pressure vessel, which is filled in the region of the maximum speed of the carrier. In the area of the reversal points of the movement of the carrier, the stored energy can be extracted and used to increase the speed or frequency of the grinding wheel.

It has also already proven to be particularly useful if the grinding wheel is brought into contact with the surface of the track rail with a peripheral or front grinding surface, in order to be able to process a large section of the track head by means of a corresponding contouring of the grinding wheel and at the same time to achieve a high level of machining accuracy to guarantee. An offset grinding process is preferably used in combination with milling.

The invention permits various embodiments. To further clarify its basic principle, one of them is shown in the drawing and is described below. This is shown in a schematic representation in

1 shows a cross section through a profile and a grinding body arranged inclined at an angle of 35°;

2 shows a further view of the profile with a grinding body arranged inclined at an angle of 5°;

3 shows a front view of a carrier according to the invention of a device according to the invention with the abrasive body shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 4 shows a front view of the carrier with the grinding wheel arranged inclined at an angle of 5°; FIG.

Figure 5 is a front view of the carrier during adjustment of position and orientation;

Figure 6 is a side view of the carrier during adjustment of position and orientation;

FIG. 7 shows an enlarged cross section through the profile according to FIG. 1;

8 two grinding bodies with axes of rotation inclined towards one another in a front view.

A device 1 designed as a rail vehicle for grinding a profile 2 designed as a track rail, in particular for grinding a running surface 3, by means of a grinding body 4 is explained in more detail below using a schematic diagram in FIGS. In this case, the device 1 shown is designed in this variant specifically for the processing of parallel track rails as profiles 2 to be ground.

For a better understanding of the invention, FIG. 3 shows parallel track rails and the mirror-symmetrically arranged grinding bodies 4 associated with them, which are arranged together on the device 1, as will be explained in detail below.

For grinding the profile 2, the grinding bodies 4 are equipped with a front grinding surface 5 with bonded grain and a cutting edge that is not geometrically defined. As can be seen in particular in FIGS. 1 and 2, different angles of inclination a; ß be provided between 5 ° and 90 ° of an axis of rotation 6 of the grinding body 4 with respect to a central longitudinal plane 7 of the profile 2.

An essential aspect of the invention is that the axis of rotation 6 is not only inclined relative to the vertical and the horizontal, but is also oriented eccentrically with an offset such that the axis of rotation 6 of the grinding body 4 does not intersect the profile 2. Thus, only a sector of a circle or a segment of a circle with a central angle of less than 180° comes into contact with the profile 2. In contrast to a centered orientation of the axis of rotation 6 directed towards the profile 2, an in radial direction concave Realize grinding surface 5 of the grinding body 4. This concave shape 8 can already be introduced into the grinding body 4 during the manufacturing process, which optimally adapts to the profile 2 during use, so that the wear and tear that occurs cannot lead to an undesirable deviation in shape.

It should be emphasized that this offset or eccentric positioning and the orientation of the axis of rotation 6 inclined at the angle α, β not only gives the grinding wheel 4 an optimal concave shape for the first time, but also the width b, B of the grinding wheel 4 to be machined, running in the cross-sectional plane of the profile 2 surface section is much larger than is possible with the tools known from the prior art and the resulting facets. Rather, it has already been shown that an optimal surface treatment of the profile 2 according to the invention requires no more than two grinding wheels 4 arranged one behind the other in the feed direction and in some cases even only a single grinding wheel 4 is required, as is the case in Figure 1 in conjunction with Figure 7 is clarified.

In fact, the grinding surface 5 reaches far around the convex surface section 9 between the running surface 3 and an inner side surface 10 that delimits the profile 2 medially, so that it enables a hitherto unattainable processing quality in terms of dimensional and shape accuracy.

Each of the grinding wheels 4 is arranged on a carrier 11, which, to compensate for wear, allows the grinding wheel 4 to be fed in axially parallel to the axis of rotation 6 in relation to the profile 2 and also to set the desired angle of inclination α, β that is optimal for the respective application conditions.

The carrier 11 is in turn movable in translation in a plane parallel to the cross-sectional plane of the profile 2 or in the transverse plane to the direction of advance of the device 1 by means of a guide 12 relative thereto. As a result, the position of the grinding body 4 relative to the profile 2, which is always optimal and constant during operation, can be maintained even when the device, as a mobile, rail-bound vehicle, is itself subjected to a relative movement to the profile 2, as is the case in principle when driving around curves. In such cases, the carrier 11 is moved laterally, with two carriers 11 arranged in a common transverse plane being kinematically coupled for joint adjustment of the respective grinding bodies 4 and thereby carrying out a joint movement. The control of this lateral, medial or lateral movement of the carrier 11 is achieved in that the carrier 11 is connected to at least one contact element 13 which can be placed in a non-positive manner against the profile 2 and by means of which the carrier 11 is positioned with the grinding body 4 in the transverse plane in relation to the profile 2 and relative to the device 1 automatically aligns. For this purpose, the contact element 13, which is equipped as a carriage with a sliding surface, can be placed against the side surface 10 of the profile 2, while another contact element 14, designed as a roller, is supported from above against the running surface 3 to record the height, so that the two contact elements 13, 14 together form a reference for the alignment of the grinding wheel 4 and the carrier 11 aligns itself automatically due to an adjustable pretensioning force F in the transverse plane in relation to the profile 2 and in relation to the device 1.

As indicated in Figure 8, several, for example different grinding bodies 4 with differently inclined axes of rotation 6 can be arranged one behind the other in the direction of advance of the device 1 on a respective carrier 11, with the axes of rotation 6 of the grinding bodies 4 forming an acute angle (p. The Abrasive bodies 4 allow different surface sections 9 of the convex or flat surface to be processed as parallel tracks.

According to the invention, a superimposed reversing movement of the grinding body 4, which can be driven to rotate or oscillate about its axis of rotation 6, with its grinding surface 5 when grinding the profile 2, can also be implemented, n. The carrier 11 of the grinding body 4 is used to initiate a superimposed movement during the rotating or oscillating movement of the grinding wheel 4 parallel to the central longitudinal plane 7 of the profile 2 is designed to be movable in a reversing translational manner. Due to this translational movement of the grinding body 4 superimposed on the rotational movement, it reaches each surface section of the profile 2 several times, even if the vehicle carrying the device follows the course of the profile 2 at a normal speed of its own. As a result, the grinding surface 5 of the grinding body 4 does not only reach a rail section once, but travels over it several times, so that very good surface qualities can be achieved. The axes of rotation 6, which are inclined relative to one another at an angle (p), ensure that the material removed is transported away from the grinding gap and cannot accumulate. Thanks to the efficient processing and the high material removal, the rotational speed can be reduced and thus, in addition to wear, flying sparks can also be reduced , while at the same time the relative speed between the surface of the profile 2 and the abrasive body 4 is increased. Since the translational movement of the carrier 11 between its reversal points follows a sinusoidal speed profile and is also superimposed by the vehicle's own movement, the rotation can preferably also be controlled in such a way that the rotational speed of the grinding body 4 is increased in the area of the reversal points of the reversing movement. In particular, the rotational speed of the rotating movement is reciprocally adapted to the translatory movement. Since the translational movement is also superimposed by the vehicle's own movement along the profile 2, the translational speed is added when moving in the direction of travel and the translatory speed is subtracted when moving against the direction of travel, so that the speed of the grinding wheel 4 also is set differently depending on the leading or trailing phase.

REFERENCE NUMBERS LIST

1 device

2 profile

3 tread

4 grinders

5 grinding surface

6 axis of rotation

7 median longitudinal plane

8 shape

9 surface sections

10 side face

11 carriers

12 leadership

13 contact element

14 contact element b, B width a, ß, cp, angle

F preload force

Claims

CLAIM E 1. A mobile device (1), designed in particular as a rail vehicle, for grinding a profile (2) with a running surface (3) and a side surface (10) delimiting the profile (2), the device (1) rotating at least one axis of rotation (6) rotatably and/or oscillatingly drivable, profiled grinding body (4), in particular at least partially concave, arranged on a carrier (11), wherein the axis of rotation (6) is oriented (angle α, β) relative to the vertical plane and/or or can be positioned inclined relative to the horizontal plane and wherein the carrier (11) is arranged on the device (1) in a plane transverse to the profile (2) and/or in a plane transverse to the feed direction by means of a guide (12) so that it can move in particular in a translatory manner and wherein the carrier (11) is coupled to at least one contact element (13, 14) that can be placed against the profile (2) in the region of a contact surface of the profile (2), through which the The carrier (11) with the grinding wheel (4) is automatically aligned in the transverse plane with respect to the profile (2) and with respect to the device (1), characterized in that the axis of rotation (6) of the grinding wheel (4) has an axis transverse to the longitudinal axis of the Profile (2) spans a plane which intersects at least one contact surface of the at least one contact element (13, 14) on the profile (2). 2. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the plane of the axis of rotation (6) of the grinding body (4) is parallel to the cross-sectional plane of the profile (2). 3. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the plane of the axis of rotation (6) of the grinding wheel (4) encloses an acute angle with the cross-sectional plane of the profile (2), so that the axis of rotation (6) of the grinding wheel (4) has a trailing or stabbing orientation with respect to a direction of advancement of the device with respect to the profile (2). 4. The device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one contact element (13, 14) and at least one axis of rotation (6) is kinematically coupled in such a way that during the grinding operation when the relative orientation of the axis of rotation ( 6) relative to the contact element (13, 14), the orientation of the axis of rotation (6) relative to the profile (2) is constant. 5. Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axis of rotation (6) for setting different orientations (angles α, ß) of the axis of rotation (6) relative to the vertical plane and / or relative to the horizontal plane by a virtual swivel axis is movable, the instantaneous center of which is on the side of the running surface (3) to be machined and/or side surface (10) of the profile (2) that is remote from the grinding body (4). 6. Device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that several grinding bodies (4) are movable relative to one another on a common carrier (11) in the same cross-sectional plane of the profile (2) and the carrier (11) relative to the device (1) in the transverse plane for infeed in relation to the side surface (10) and/or the running surface (3) is designed to be movable. 7. Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier (11) automatically aligns itself due to an adjustable prestressing force (F) in the transverse plane relative to the profile (2) and relative to the device (1). 8. Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grinding body (4) can be prestressed in relation to the profile (2) under force control. 9. Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axis of rotation (6) of the grinding wheel (4) is oriented with a lateral offset in the cross-sectional plane of the profile (2) in such a way that the axis of rotation (6) Profile (2) does not cut. 10. The device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of grinding bodies (4) are arranged one behind the other in the feed direction on a respective carrier (11), the axes of rotation (6) of the grinding bodies (4) are oriented inclined to one another (angle <p), and that each sliding body (4) is assigned at least one contact element (13, 14). 11. Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profile (2) in its cross-sectional plane has a convex or flat surface divided into a plurality of surface sections (9) to be machined, and in that different grinding bodies for machining different surface sections ( 9) are arranged with different angles of inclination (a, ß) of the respective axes of rotation (6) and/or are equipped with different grinding wheels (4), with at least individual grinding wheels having a concave contour. 12. Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the orientation of at least individual axes of rotation (6) for dragging or piercing machining is aligned inclined in relation to the feed direction with respect to a cross-sectional plane of the profile (2). 13. Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least individual grinding bodies (4) have a frontal, in particular concave, machining surface with a cutting edge that is not geometrically defined. 14. The device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contact pressure of the grinding body (4) is adjusted by means of a control as a function of the torque acting on the axis of rotation (6) and/or the feed speed of the device (1) compared to the Profile (2) is adjustable. 15. Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier (11) during the rotating and / or oscillating movement of the grinding body (4) in a plane parallel to a main extension of the profile (2) reversing translationally movable is executed. 16. Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axis of rotation (6) of at least one grinding element (4) encloses an acute angle (<p) with the longitudinal axis of the profile (2). 17. Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abrasive body (4) and / or the carrier (11) by at least an electric and/or hydraulic drive of the device (1) can be driven in rotation or translation. 18. Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotary or oscillating movement of the at least one grinding body (4) on the one hand and the translational movement of the carrier (11) on the other hand are synchronized by a kinematic coupling. 19. Method for grinding a profile (2), in particular a track rail intended for rail vehicles, in which at least one profiled grinding body (4) arranged on a carrier (11) is driven to rotate and/or oscillate about an axis of rotation (6), characterized in that the grinding body (4) is applied force-controlled against the profile (2) with an in particular adjustable prestressing force, with at least one contact element (13, 14) acting as an abutment in a common force flow plane of the reaction forces acting when grinding the profile (2). aligned with the grinding wheel (4). 20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the orientation (angle α, β) of the axis of rotation (6) relative to the vertical plane and/or relative to the horizontal plane of the axis of rotation (6) of the grinding wheel (4) during the machining of the profile (2) is changed. 21. The method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the grinding of the profile (2) is carried out in the same direction or in the opposite direction. 22. The method according to at least one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the carrier (11) during the rotary or oscillating movement of at least one grinding body (4) at least temporarily to initiate a superimposed movement in a plane parallel to a longitudinal axis of the profile ( 2) is driven in a reversing translational manner. 23. The method according to at least one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that the speed and/or the frequency of the rotating or oscillating movement of at least one grinding body (4) changes in the area of the reversal points of the translational reversing movement of the carrier (11), in particular is increased. 24. The method according to at least one of claims 19 to 23, characterized in that at least one grinding wheel (4) is driven in synchronism at a lower speed or frequency in the direction of travel than in the opposite direction of travel, or at least one grinding wheel (4) in counter-rotation with a is driven at a higher speed or frequency in the direction of travel than in the opposite direction of travel. 25. The method according to at least one of claims 19 to 24, characterized in that the rotational or oscillating movement of the at least one grinding wheel (4) on the one hand and the translational movement of the carrier (11) on the other hand are initiated in a kinematically coupled manner. 26. The method according to at least one of claims 19 to 25, characterized in that material is first removed from the profile (2) by milling at least in a partial area of the transverse profile of the profile (2), the removal being carried out up to an excess compared to takes place to a specified dimension, and that the excess is then at least partially removed by grinding. 27. The method according to at least one of claims 19 to 26, characterized in that the prestressing force (F) is set on the basis of the measured values of the rotational speed, the feed rate, the contact pressure and/or the torque of the grinding body (4).