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WO2022130351A1 - Procédé pour l'obtention de carbones mésoporeux ayant une surface spécifique élevée à partir de déchets de biomasse pour le stockage d'énergie - Google Patents

Procédé pour l'obtention de carbones mésoporeux ayant une surface spécifique élevée à partir de déchets de biomasse pour le stockage d'énergie Download PDF

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WO2022130351A1
WO2022130351A1 PCT/IB2021/061987 IB2021061987W WO2022130351A1 WO 2022130351 A1 WO2022130351 A1 WO 2022130351A1 IB 2021061987 W IB2021061987 W IB 2021061987W WO 2022130351 A1 WO2022130351 A1 WO 2022130351A1
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Prior art keywords
char
mesoporous
mesoporous carbon
done
treatment
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Akshay Jain
Mahi SINGH
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Cancrie Inc
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Cancrie Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30—Active carbon
    • C01B32/312—Preparation
    • C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
    • C01B32/324—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30—Active carbon
    • C01B32/312—Preparation
    • C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/12—Surface area
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/14—Pore volume
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/16—Pore diameter

Definitions

  • the embodiments herein generally relate to porous carbons and particularly to mesoporous carbons.
  • the embodiments herein more particularly relate to a method of synthesizing high performance mesoporous carbons having higher surface area for use as energy storage materials.
  • MSW Municipal solid waste
  • Products such as porous carbon obtained from such wastes are being explored for a wide range of applications such as removal of heavy metals from contaminated water, removal of contaminants from flue gas, CO2 capture, hydrogen storage, heterogeneous catalysis, photocatalysis, bio-imaging, drug delivery, and energy storage.
  • Electrode quality plays a major role in overall performance of any energy storage device. Due to eco-friendly nature and low cost, activated carbon has been the preferred choice of electrode material. Activated carbons are versatile adsorbents due to their high surface area and therefore find applications in many fields such as separation of environmental contaminants and purification of gases, resource recovery, catalysis, etc.
  • Activated carbon or activated charcoal is a form of carbon that is processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. Enhancement of the porosity of these activated carbons is highly desirable. This is usually achieved by employing different chemical activating agents, optimization of the activation conditions such as temperature, ramp rate and gas flow rate and pre-treatment methods including soaking or stirring. Oxygenated Functional Groups (carboxylic, lactonic and phenolic) content is an important attribute of the precursor which governs chemical activation and can thus predict the level of porosity in the activated carbons.
  • Carbons with high micro porosity are used extensively for adsorption of small sized pollutants or molecules; however, the treatment of systems containing large molecules (high molecular weight compounds, dyes, etc.) requires adsorbents with high mesopore content (pore size from 2nm to 50 nm).
  • applications such as catalyst supports, battery electrodes, capacitors and gas storage also require high surface areas and high mesoporous content in the adsorbent matrix.
  • OFG Oxygenated functional groups - carboxylic, lactonic and phenolic content in the precursor is an important indicator of reactivity which governs the chemical activation and thus can be used as a predictor of porosity in the activated carbons.
  • WIPO patent application no. WO2016072932A1 mentions activated carbon, hydrochar and processes for making the same.
  • a biomass-oxidizing agent mixture is subjected to a hydrothermal carbonization process to form a hydrochar having an increased oxygenated functional group content compared to that of the biomass.
  • Chinese patent application no. CN 101759181 provides a method for producing activated carbon for super capacitors and relates to activated carbon.
  • the method comprises steaming the materials and phosphoric acid, holding and carbonizing, dewatering, drying, pulverizing and packaging separately to obtain the finished product of activated carbon.
  • Another Chinese patent application no. CN 102205963 provides a method for preparing activated carbon for a biomass-based super capacitor, and relates to a new method for preparing activated carbon with high specific surface area and high specific capacitance by the steps of hydrolysis of biomass with concentrated acid, in- situ polycondensation and carbonization of saccharic acid solution and activation under certain conditions.
  • US patent no. US6057262 provides a process for the manufacture of activated carbon in the form of a powder, as granules or as extrudates.
  • the process includes treating a biomass feedstock, such as woods, coconut shells, fruit pits, peats, lignites and all ranks of coal with a processing agent and an activation agent.
  • the processing agent may be a natural or synthetic monomer, oligomer, polymer or mixtures thereof capable of interacting or co -polymerizing with the biomass feedstock.
  • the activation agent may be, for example, phosphoric acid, zinc chloride or mixtures thereof.
  • Another Chinese patent application no. CN-110364369 provides method of preparation high-performance shredded coconut meat active carbon. This method separates coconut husk first and obtains shredded coconut meat, and hydro-thermal activates under certain conditions, and finally high temperature carbonization obtains shredded coconut meat active carbon in tube furnace.
  • the primary object of the embodiments herein is to provide a process for obtaining high performance mesoporous carbons from biomass wastes.
  • Another object of the embodiments herein is to provide a process for obtaining high performance mesoporous carbons for use as energy storage in order to serve as a superior material for supercapacitors, hybrid capacitors, redox flow batteries, etc.
  • Yet another object of the embodiments herein is to provide a process of synthesizing high surface area mesoporous carbons prepared by oxygen pre-treating the raw materials obtained from natural waste resources.
  • Yet another object of the embodiments herein is to provide a process of synthesizing high surface area mesoporous carbons having an increased oxygen functional group (OFGs) for increased activity.
  • OFGs oxygen functional group
  • a process for obtaining high surface area mesoporous carbons for energy storage comprises pre- treating a raw material to obtain a char (101). The char is then activated using a chemical activator to obtain mesoporous carbon (102). The mesoporous carbon is collected (103). The mesoporous carbon is washed (104).
  • the chemical activator is Zinc Chloride solution.
  • the raw material is a biomass waste comprising saw dust, sugarcane bagasse, palm kernel shells, almond shells, coconut shell, coconut husks, municipal sludge, chicken poop, human hair, and a lignin powder or a combination thereof.
  • the activation of char is done in a furnace by mixing the char with the chemical activator in a ratio ranging from 2:1 to 8:1, more particularly in a ratio 3:1 to 5:1.
  • the activation of char is done in a furnace by heating a dried mixture of char and the first chemical activator at a temperature of 350 to 600°C increasing at a rate ranging from 1 to 15 °C/ min, more particularly at a rate of 5 to 10°C/ min in the presence of nitrogen gas (N2) for time period ranging from 1 to 8 hours, more particularly for 2 to 5 hours.
  • N2 nitrogen gas
  • the flow rate of nitrogen gas (N2) ranges from 200 to 2000 mL/min, more particularly at a flow rate of 500-1000 mL/ min.
  • the mesoporous carbon is collected by cooling down the furnace to room temperature in the presence of N2 at a flow rate ranging from 100 to 500 mL/min., more particularly at 200-300 mL/min.
  • the washing is done with hydrochloric acid solution.
  • the pre-treatment of raw material is done in presence of oxygen (O2) at a flow rate ranging from 200 to 1000 mL/min., more particularly at 500 to 1000 mL/min with an increasing temperature of up to 50°C to 350°C at a rate ranging from 1 to 15 °C/ min, more particularly at a rate of 5 to 10°C/minute for a time period ranging from 1 to 8 hours, more particularly for 2 to 5 hours .
  • the pre-treatment of raw material is done in presence of oxygen (O2) preferably at 80°C to 220°C.
  • the first chemical activator is recycled.
  • the pre-treatment provides greater mesopore volume and wider pore size distribution in the range of 30 ⁇ to 50 ⁇ of the carbons.
  • the mesoporous surface areas is increased by two folds.
  • a mesoporous carbon for use as energy storage material is provided.
  • the mesoporous carbon has a mesopore volume and a pore size distribution in the range of 30 ⁇ to 50 ⁇ of the carbons.
  • a mesoporous carbon for use as energy storage having increased mesopore area is provided.
  • the mesopore area of the carbon is increased by two folds as compared to the conventional carbons.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the various steps involved in the process of obtaining high surface area mesoporous carbon, according to an embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 1a shows images of activated carbon obtained from lignin powder as starting material, according to an embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 1b shows images of activated carbon obtained from coconut shell as starting material, according to an embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 1c shows images of activated carbon obtained from human hair as starting material, according to an embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematic representation of process of pre-treating raw biomass waste with oxygen to obtain oxygenated char, according to an embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 3 shows schematic representation of chemical activation process to obtain mesoporous carbon, according to an embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 4 shows FE-SEM image of mesoporous carbon obtained from coconut- shell, according to an embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 5 shows a graph of nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of mesoporous carbon prepared from coconut shell that underwent oxygen pre- treatment compared to carbon prepared without any pre-treatment of biomass, according to an embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 6 shows a graph of pore size distribution of a mesoporous carbon prepared from coconut shell that underwent oxygen pre-treatment compared to carbon prepared without any pre-treatment, according to an embodiment herein.
  • the various embodiments herein provide a process for obtaining high performance mesoporous carbons for energy storage to serve as a superior material for supercapacitors, hybrid capacitors and redox flow batteries.
  • the present invention uses coconut shell, human hairs, and lignin as raw materials.
  • the present invention provides a process of synthesising high performance mesoporous carbons having enhanced oxygen functional groups providing enhanced activity.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the various steps involved in the process of obtaining high surface area mesoporous carbons, according to an embodiment herein.
  • the process comprises pre-treating a raw material to obtain a char (101).
  • the char is then activated using a first chemical activator to obtain mesoporous carbon (102).
  • the mesoporous carbon is collected (103).
  • the mesoporous carbon is washed (104).
  • the chemical activator is Zinc Chloride solution.
  • the raw material is a biomass waste comprising saw dust, sugarcane bagasse, palm kernel shells, almond shells, coconut shell (Cocos nucifera), coconut husks, municipal sludge, chicken poop, human hair, and a lignin powder or a combination thereof.
  • the activation of char is done in a furnace by mixing the char with a first chemical activator in a ratio ranging from 2:1 to 8:1, more particularly in a ratio3:l to 5:1.
  • the activation of char is done in a furnace by heating a dried mixture of char and the first chemical activator at a temperature of 350 to 600°C increasing at a rate ranging from 1 to 15 °C/ min, more particularly at a rate of 5 to 10°C/ min in the presence of nitrogen gas (N2) for time period ranging from 1 to 8 hours, more particularly for 2 to 5 hours.
  • the flow rate of nitrogen gas (N 2 ) is maintained at a range from 200 to 2000 mL/min., more particularly at a flow rate of 500-1000 mL/ min.
  • the mesoporous carbon is collected by cooling down the furnace to room temperature in the presence of N 2 at a flow rate ranging from 100 to 500 mL/min., more particularly at 200-300 mL/min.
  • the washing is done with hydrochloric acid solution.
  • the pre-treatment of raw material is done in presence of oxygen (O2) at a flow rate ranging from 200 to 1000 mL/min . , more particularly at 500 to 1000 mL/min with an increasing temperature of up to 50°C to 350°C increasing at a rate ranging from 1 to 15 °C/ min, more particularly at a rate of 5 to 10°C/minute for a time period ranging from 1 to 8 hours, more particularly for 2 to 5 hours, or preferably at 80°C to 220°C.
  • the first chemical activator is recycled.
  • the raw material is pre-treated to obtain a char.
  • the pre-treatment of raw material is done in presence of oxygen (O2) at a flow rate ranging from 200 to 1000 mL/min . , more particularly at 500-1000 mL/min at temperature from 50°C to 350°C increasing at a rate ranging from 1 to 15 °C/ min, more particularly at a rate of 5 to 10°C/minute for a time period ranging from 1 to 8 hours, more particularly for 2 to 5 hours, or preferably at 80°C to 220°C.
  • the pre-treatment is done more preferably at 100°C to 150°C.
  • the step of pre-treatment leads to surface modification of raw material forming a char with increased Oxygenated Function Group (OFG) content which is favourable for the chemical activation and thus has a strong advantageous effect in the preparation of the mesopore areas of the resulting carbons as compared to the raw biomass waste.
  • the raw material is pre-treated under controlled conditions in the presence of oxygen to obtain char with high OFG (oxygenated functional groups) content and lower crystallinity that facilitates the production of mesoporous carbon with high-surface area.
  • the oxygen pre-treatment provides greater mesopore volume and wider pore size distribution in the range of 30 ⁇ to 50 ⁇ when compared with the conventional direct soaking method.
  • the pre-treatment of the raw biomass waste in the presence of oxygen decreases the crystallinity of the char.
  • Oxygen pre-treatment creates more Oxygenated Functional Group content (OFG) that promotes a facile chemical activation and thus paves way for developing synthesis protocols for char that optimize the use of natural resources, chemical reagents and energy.
  • OFG Oxygenated Functional Group content
  • the raw biomass waste comprises the waste products obtained from natural resources.
  • the present invention utilizes the waste material in generating mesoporous carbons which is utilized in energy storage.
  • the raw material is biomass waste, wherein the biomass waste comprises saw dust, sugarcane bagasse, palm kernel shells, almond shells, coconut shells (Cocos nucifera), coconut husks, municipal sludge, chicken poop, human hairs and commercially available lignin powder or a combination thereof.
  • the char is obtained from raw materials with reduced or low ash content and no metal content.
  • the coconut shells are crushed after trimming the fibres using a commercial laboratory blender (Waring) and then ground and sieved into coarse granules (10-20 mesh).
  • the shell granules, hairs and lignin powder are dried at 80°C to 120°C for 15 to 40 hours.
  • the char is activated by chemical activation employing zinc chloride as one of the chemical activators, and then the resultant mesoporous carbon is dried out in specific reaction conditions.
  • a successive activation of char by zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) followed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) results in optimal etching of surface which in turn yields higher surface area mesoporous carbons.
  • the heat generated in the process of activation is recovered to recycle the ZnC12 by membrane distillation.
  • the activated carbon is washed to remove ZnC12 from first activation.
  • potassium oxide (KOH) is used as a second chemical activator.
  • the resultant mesoporous carbon again activated, and the KOH is removed after the successive activation, thereby releasing waste of ZnC12 and KOH.
  • ZnC12 and KOH are separately recycled from water stream and the rejects released out of the process are easily disposed by mixing them together for precipitation. The precipitates are disposed of.
  • the chemical activation is mainly done at a temperature of 350°C to 1100°C. According to a preferred embodiment herein, the chemical activation is done at a temperature of 450°C to 900°C. According to a more preferred embodiment herein, the chemical activation is done at a temperature of 500°C to 800°C.
  • the char is activated by using a chemical activator to obtain mesoporous carbon.
  • the chemical activator is Zinc Chloride solution, according to an embodiment herein.
  • the activation of char is done in a furnace by mixing the char with a chemical activator in a ratio ranging from 2:1 to 8:1, more particularly in a ratio 3:1 to 5:1.
  • the activation of char is done in a furnace by heating a dried mixture of char and the chemical activator at a temperature of 350°C to 600°C increasing at a rate ranging from 1 to 15 °C/ min, more particularly at a rate of 5 to 10°C/ min in the presence of nitrogen gas (N2) for time period ranging from 1 to 8 hours, more particularly for 2 to 5 h.
  • the flow rate of nitrogen gas (N 2 ) is maintained at a range from 200 to 2000 mL/min., more particularly at a flow rate of 500-1000 mL/ min.
  • the activation is preferably done at a temperature of 450-550°C.
  • a successive base activation of the mesoporous carbon is carried out with a second chemical activator to obtain a high surface area mesoporous carbon.
  • the second chemical activator is KOH solution, according to an embodiment.
  • the second chemical activator is mixed with the mesoporous carbon in a ratio ranging from 0.1:1 to 2:1, more particularly in a ratio 0.5:1 to 1:1.
  • the successive base activation of mesoporous carbon is done in a furnace by heating a dried mixture of mesoporous carbon and the second chemical activator at temperature of 700-900°C increasing at a rate ranging from 1 to 15 °C/ min, more particularly at a rate of 5 to 10°C/ min in the presence of nitrogen gas (N 2 ) for time period ranging from 1 to 8 hours, more particularly for 2 to 5 h.
  • the flow rate of nitrogen gas (N 2 ) ranges from 200 to 2000 mL/min., more particularly at a flow rate of 500-1000 mL/ min.
  • the successive activation is preferably done at a temperature of 750-850°C.
  • the mesoporous carbon after activation and drying is ground in the size range of 1 micron to 100 microns for different performances and applications.
  • addition of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes in certain weight ratios from 0.2% to 2% increases the conductivity of the mesoporous carbon mixture which in turn is favourable to be used as an electrode material.
  • addition of hair based activated carbon in certain weight ratios from 1% to 20% increases the nitrogen functionalities of the mesoporous carbon mixture which in turn is favourable to be used as an electrode material.
  • addition of hairs increases the nitrogen functionalities of the mesoporous carbon mixture, preferably from 0.2%-5%, and more preferably from 0.5%-3%.
  • FIG. 1a shows images of activated carbon obtained from lignin powder as starting material, according to an embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 1b shows images of activated carbon obtained from coconut shell as starting material, according to an embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 1c shows images of activated carbon obtained from human hair as starting material, according to an embodiment herein.
  • the prepared activated carbon may be used in a lead acid battery.
  • the lead acid battery containing prepared activated carbon showed 7% improved performance in charge acceptance in comparison to conventional lead acid batteries which is expected to increase up to 20%.
  • the lead acid battery containing prepared mesoporous carbon in this aspect further showed three times better vibration and shock absorption capacity in comparison to conventional lead acid batteries.
  • the lead acid battery containing prepared mesoporous carbon in this aspect leads to 20 times improved GHG emission savings and is expected to achieve up to 60% more savings on warranty returns in comparison to conventional lead acid batteries.
  • the lead acid battery containing prepared activated carbon showed enhanced cohesive strength, charge acceptance and longer life cycle.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematic representation of process of pre-treating raw biomass waste with oxygen to obtain oxygenated char, according to an embodiment herein.
  • the raw biomass waste comprising of coconut shell granules or lignin powder or human hair or a combination thereof was loaded on to SS316 trays inside a SS316 baffle box which was then placed in a muffle furnace.
  • the temperature was ramped up to 250 C at a rate of 6°C/ min in the presence of O 2 precursor at a flow rate of 500 mL/minute for a time of 3 hours.
  • the furnace was cooled to room temperature to obtain oxygen pre-treated char (O-char).
  • O-char oxygen pre-treated char
  • FIG. 3 shows schematic representation chemical activation process to obtain mesoporous carbon, according to an embodiment herein.
  • the oxygen pre-treated char was mixed with chemical activator zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) solution (800 mL water in precursor equivalent to 250 grams of material) with a ZnCl 2 : char ratio of 4:1 and dried at 105°C for 12 hours.
  • ZnCl 2 chemical activator zinc chloride
  • the mixture was loaded on to stainless steel (SS316) trays inside a SS316 baffle box which was then placed in a high temperature muffle furnace connected to scrubber and gas exhaust.
  • the temperature was ramped to 500°C at a rate of 6°C/ min in the presence of N 2 (passed using N 2 cylinder) at a flow rate of 500 mL/minute for a time of 3 hours.
  • the furnace was cooled to room temperature in the presence of N 2 at a flow rate of 200 mL/min.
  • the baffle box was opened, and product was collected.
  • Zinc chloride was recycled or recovered from the water from first and second wash in above step using membrane distillation technique.
  • Adsorption-desorption isotherms, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area (At) and pore volume of the adsorbents were obtained by using a gas sorption analyzer (Nova-3000 Series, Quantachrome). Adsorption-desorption isotherms were obtained with N 2 at 77 Kelvin after degassing the carbons at 150°C under N 2 atmosphere for 12 hours. The surface area (At) was calculated by applying the Brunauer- Emmett-Teller (BET) model to the isotherm data points of the adsorption branch in the relative pressure range p/p 0 ⁇ 0.3. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (JEOL JSM-6700F) was used to study surface morphology.
  • JEOL JSM-6700F Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy
  • the NLDFT (Nonlocal Density Functional Theory) equilibrium model method was used for obtaining pore size distribution for slit pores.
  • the mesoporous surface area (Am e ) and microporous volume (V mi ) was determined using the t-plot method in which the total pore volume (V t ) was estimated to be the liquid volume of nitrogen at a relative pressure of about 0.98.
  • the mesoporous volume (Vm e ) was then calculated by subtracting the microporous volume (Vm i ) from the total pore volume (Vt).
  • the mesoporous area (Am e ) was then calculated by subtracting the micropore area from the BET surface area (A t ).
  • the mesoporous carbon collected above is stirred for 30 min in 2500 mL hydrochloric acid (about 0.1 mol/L) (first wash). Carbon was separated using meshes of size 200 and 325. Then the carbon was washed with 2500 mL distilled water (second wash). This first and second wash of water is used to recover the majority of Zinc Chloride from the solution by Membrane Distillation. Later carbon was separated and washed with abundant distilled water until a pH of 6 was obtained for the rinse. Finally, the mesoporous carbon was dried at 105°C for 24 h and used for analysis. This entire process is done by using meshes of size 200 and 325.
  • Table 1 illustrates the characteristics of mesoporous carbon prepared from biomass that underwent oxygen pre-treatment compared to carbon prepared without any pre-treatment of biomass, according to an embodiment herein.
  • the activated carbon prepared from biomass that underwent oxygen pre- treatment have high BET surface area, mesoporous area, mesoporous volume and mesoporosity compared to activated carbon prepared without any pre-treatment of biomass. The results substantiate the inference that the oxygen pre-treatment process of biomass improves the effectiveness of the activating agent and resulted in a higher mesopore area and a higher mesoporosity.
  • the high OFG content on the char followed by zinc chloride activation facilitates formation of significantly high mesoporosity compared to carbons prepared without oxygen pre-treatment.
  • the significant enhancement in both mesopore surface area and volume is attributed to the improved chemical activation resulting from increased OFG formation on the char.
  • FIG. 4 shows FE-SEM image of mesoporous carbon obtained from coconut- shell, according to an embodiment herein.
  • the surface morphology of mesoporous carbon obtained from coconut-shell biomass waste shows coarseness which is an indication of creation of pores and higher surface area.
  • FIG. 5 shows a graph of nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of mesoporous carbon prepared from coconut shell that underwent oxygen pre- treatment compared to carbon prepared without any pre-treatment of biomass, according to an embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 5 shows a graph of nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of mesoporous carbon prepared from coconut shell that underwent oxygen pre- treatment compared to carbon prepared without any pre-treatment of biomass, according to an embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 6 shows a graph of pore size distribution of mesoporous carbon prepared from coconut shell that underwent oxygen pre-treatment compared to carbon prepared without any pre-treatment of biomass, according to an embodiment herein.
  • the results demonstrate that the mesoporous carbon prepared from biomass that underwent oxygen pre-treatment provide better mesoporosity and greater mesopore volume in the range of 30 to 50 angstrom (A) when compared with carbon prepared without any pre-treatment of biomass. This is attributed to the presence of more oxygen functional groups (OFGs) compared to raw biomass.
  • OFGs oxygen functional groups
  • the embodiments herein provide a process for obtaining high performance mesoporous carbons for energy storage to serve as a superior material for supercapacitors, hybrid capacitors and redox flow batteries, using biomass waste as raw material.
  • the present invention utilizes the biomass waste which is available in abundance and converts it into mesoporous carbon which is further used in energy storage applications such as lead acid batteries, etc.
  • the process of the present invention is eco-friendly and cost effective, thereby the products obtained are also eco-friendly and cost effective.
  • the mesoporous carbons obtained by the process of the present invention has high capacitance characteristics, high thermal stability, and high specific surface area with enhanced mesoporosity.
  • the present invention is easier to commercialize as it requires no special machineries.
  • the present invention uses readily available machines and there is no wastewater produced as a by-product of pre-treatment.
  • the present invention is much safer as there is no high pressure involved.
  • the mesoporous carbons obtained by present invention has high capacitance characteristics, high thermal stability and high specific surface area with a significant increase in mesopore, thus significantly improving the capacity and life span of supercapacitors, hybrid capacitors, redox flow batteries, etc.

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Abstract

Les modes de réalisation de la présente invention concernent un procédé d'obtention de carbones mésoporeux ayant une surface spécifique élevée pour le stockage d'énergie et pour servir de matériau supérieur pour des supercondensateurs, des condensateurs hybrides, des batteries à flux redox, des batteries au plomb-acide, etc. Les carbones mésoporeux obtenus selon la présente invention présentent des caractéristiques de capacité élevée, une stabilité thermique élevée et une surface spécifique élevée et confèrent une résistance plus élevée à des électrodes. Le procédé selon la présente invention conduit à une augmentation significative du volume des pores et de la surface des pores, ce qui améliore ainsi significativement la capacité et la durée de vie de dispositifs de stockage d'énergie. La présente invention utilise un prétraitement avec de l'oxygène et le recours à des activateurs chimiques à une ou deux zones.
PCT/IB2021/061987 2020-12-19 2021-12-18 Procédé pour l'obtention de carbones mésoporeux ayant une surface spécifique élevée à partir de déchets de biomasse pour le stockage d'énergie Ceased WO2022130351A1 (fr)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115722194A (zh) * 2022-12-07 2023-03-03 江汉大学 一种硝酸改性荷叶炭吸附材料及其制备方法和应用
CN115881985A (zh) * 2023-02-09 2023-03-31 江苏皇冠新材料科技有限公司 一种碳材料表面修饰方法及其应用
CN115893411A (zh) * 2022-12-15 2023-04-04 浙江工业大学台州研究院 一种利用高氮污泥碳化活化制备超级电器电极材料的方法
CN117342555A (zh) * 2023-10-07 2024-01-05 淮阴师范学院 一种氮掺杂化工污泥基活性炭及其制备方法与应用

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CN115722194A (zh) * 2022-12-07 2023-03-03 江汉大学 一种硝酸改性荷叶炭吸附材料及其制备方法和应用
CN115722194B (zh) * 2022-12-07 2024-05-07 江汉大学 一种硝酸改性荷叶炭吸附材料及其制备方法和应用
CN115893411A (zh) * 2022-12-15 2023-04-04 浙江工业大学台州研究院 一种利用高氮污泥碳化活化制备超级电器电极材料的方法
CN115881985A (zh) * 2023-02-09 2023-03-31 江苏皇冠新材料科技有限公司 一种碳材料表面修饰方法及其应用
CN115881985B (zh) * 2023-02-09 2023-08-15 江苏皇冠新材料科技有限公司 一种碳材料表面修饰方法及其应用
CN117342555A (zh) * 2023-10-07 2024-01-05 淮阴师范学院 一种氮掺杂化工污泥基活性炭及其制备方法与应用

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