WO2022130041A1

WO2022130041A1 - System, apparatus, and method for automated genetic inheritance pattern identification and counselling

Info

Publication number: WO2022130041A1
Application number: PCT/IB2021/058106
Authority: WO
Inventors: Nisanth KM Nambison; Smita Nisanth Nambison
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-12-16
Filing date: 2021-09-06
Publication date: 2022-06-23
Anticipated expiration: 2023-06-16

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an apparatus and method of automation of genetic inheritance pattern identification of monogenic disorders like Thalassemia, Sickle cell anemia etc in offspring, and counselling of prospective parents for making informed choice. These disorders are transmitted to the next generation via diseased allele from any one or both parents and the specific combination of alleles determines the disease phenotype. Thus, prevention of high-risk conception can prevent the disease transmission. With the apparatus and methods provided here, even lay persons, paramedics, prospective parents themselves not skilled in genetic or marriage counselling, can identify the genetic inheritance pattern and make an informed decision about childbearing. The apparatus representing one parent placed on the apparatus for another parent with assertive indicators (e.g., an opening/see through) at pre-determined places automatically reveals a single genetic inheritance pattern and counselling information for the prospective parents.

Description

SYSTEM, APPARATUS, AND METHOD FOR AUTOMATED GENETIC INHERITANCE PATTERN IDENTIFICATION AND COUNSELLING FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to identification of patterns of genetic inheritance and counselling thereof, more particularly, the present invention, relates but not limited to single gene genetic disorders. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Single gene genetic disorders or monogenic disorders are transmitted to the next generation via diseased allele. Several genetic disorders are caused when an individual inherits two recessive alleles for a single-gene trait. Single gene disorders are those that are caused by a single mutated allele rather than two. If the mutated allele is recessive, the person will usually not be affected. However, if the mutated allele is dominant, the mutated copy can override the recessive copy and cause either less severe forms of a disease or a fully symptomatic disease. Diseased allele from one or both parents can contribute to transmission of disease in their offspring. For example, in autosomal dominant disorders, the mutated allele is a dominant allele located on one of the autosomes. In these disorders, the presence of one mutated allele is sufficient to cause a fully symptomatic disease. Myotonic muscular dystrophy and Huntington disease are examples of autosomal dominant disorders. In autosomal recessive disorders, an individual must inherit two mutated alleles, one from each parent to show fully symptomatic disease. Cystic fibrosis, sickle cell diseases, and Tay Sachs Disease are examples of autosomal recessive disorders. An individual who has only one recessive allele/gene is said to be a "carrier" for the trait or disease, but they mostly do not have any health problems from "carrying" one copy of the allele/gene due to the recessive nature of the allele/gene but some are still affected in a mild way. Therefore, most people do not know they are a “carrier” or have a recessive allele/gene for a disease until they have a child with the disease. Prevention of conception by carrier parents can prevent the disease transmission. If prospective marriage mates and prospective parents ascertain their individual genetic disorder allele/gene status via blood test, allele/gene matching of both individuals can be done to understand possible genetic inheritance patterns of putative progeny from them. For such a match, a consultation from a skilled person like a genetic or marriage counsellor is required. Based on certain permutation and combination, which are in turn based on laws of inheritance and the dominant or recessive nature of the allele/gene, the genetic or marriage counsellor can forecast the genetic inheritance pattern of putative progeny, which may or may not be favorable. Here, a professional assistance in the form of genetic or marriage counselling helps the prospective marriage mates and parents make an informed decision. In the society, lay person, due to lack of awareness, marry in close communities, which contributes to genetic disorder transmission. To further worsen the situation, unaware of their genetic disease allele status they marry other individuals with genetic disorder. Genetic diseases are a major cause of disability, death, and tragedy, in particular, in tribal areas. To prevent such disease transmission, government agencies, scientists, social workers run awareness program, screening program, marriage counseling, and genetic counseling, with an aim to eradicate these 100% preventable genetically transmitted diseases. For making informed marriage choices and other health related schemes, agencies issue an identification card to citizens. These identity cards bear the status of their genetic disease. In some instances, agencies issue color coded cards according to the genetic disease status. For example, in India, National Health Mission, Department of Health, Govt. of Gujrat under the Sickle cell control program issue a half yellow ID card to person with one copy of abnormal allele of HB AS gene (heterozygous) (see Figure 01 (a)) or a full yellow ID card to person with two copies of abnormal allele of Hb SS (homozygous) (Figure 01 (b)). The State Government of Odisha, India distributed color-coded cards in one of its Neonatal Screening Program undertaken for sickle cell disease in Kalahandi district of Odisha (Figure 02 (a) and (b)). National Health Mission of State Government of Maharashtra distributed color-coded cards under the Sickle cell disease control program (Figure 03 (a) and (b)). With the identity cards shown in Figures 1-3, prospective couples are encouraged to produce their respective cards before the marriage or genetic counselor, the counselor identifies the genetic inheritance pattern in their offspring, and accordingly counsels them either to go ahead or suggests otherwise to prevent transmission of a genetic disorder in the next generation. With the currently issued genetic identity cards like those shown in Figures 1-3, the challenge is to find an interpreter or a counselor who would understand the issued ID card and then predict the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny either via manual combination making (Figure 04 (a), graphical Figure 04 (b)), pedigree mapping (Figure 05) or via premade combination match making (Figure 06). As genetic inheritance pattern identification and counselling requires special skills,. it becomes challenging for health care workers, person with minimum education, or for the prospective parents or marriage mates to identify the genetic pattern of inheritance of putative progeny and counsel on their own. Non-availability or scarcity of marriage or genetic counsellors discourages the prospective couple from taking advice from person skilled in genetic counselling. Wrong prediction or non-prediction runs a high risk of transmission of genetic disease in the next generation. Prior patent application by the present inventors, published as IN201921043387A (“the ‘387 publication”), discloses an apparatus where colors are employed to indicate the genetic inheritance pattern of putative progeny. Although the apparatus of the ‘387 publication is easy to use and provides the genetic inheritance pattern in a color-coded manner, an ordinary individual could misinterpret the color coding and thereby arrive at an incorrect prediction. The present invention attempts to address the above-discussed challenges by providing an apparatus that makes it very easy for a layman to understand the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny without involving a skilled genetic or marriage counselor. The apparatus of the present invention allows an ordinary person having no knowledge of laws of inheritance accurately predict the possible genetic inheritance pattern of progeny without involving a genetic or marriage counselor and make an informed decision about marrying a prospective mate or having children after marriage. Until the present invention, genetic inheritance pattern identification and disease prevention by ordinary individuals with no requisite scientific knowledge was not possible without involving marriage or genetic counsellors. OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION One object of the invention is to overcome the aforesaid drawbacks and accordingly provide an automated genetic pattern inheritance identification and counselling for the prospective couples. Another object is a process of identifying all the possible prospective parent variants of the allele. Another object is a process of deriving all the possible combinations of said variants of allele and normal gene of each parent to give the resultant offspring genetic inheritance pattern. A further object is a process of assigning counselling assistance information to said resultant offspring genetic inheritance pattern. A further object is a process of arranging the genetic combination and the corresponding genetic inheritance pattern and the counselling assistance information in a sequence. A further object is a process of assigning assertive and non-assertive indicators to each genetic inheritance pattern outcome in said sequence, uniquely based on said prospective parent variants of allele and their said gene combinations. Yet another object is a system of automated highlighting or selection of said indicator, as identifier of the genetic inheritance pattern of offspring and the respective counselling assistance of the prospective parents, easy for any person, even a person not skilled in genetic or marriage counselling. Objects of the invention are not limited to the specific features or acts described in the description and drawings SUMMARY The present invention provides a system, apparatus, and method of automation of genetic inheritance pattern identification of offspring, and counselling of prospective parents with ease. Even paramedics, lay persons, prospective parents themselves not skilled in genetic or marriage counselling, can use the apparatuses and the methods of the present disclosure to predict the genetic pattern of their offspring and provide counselling assistance. According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a method of identifying and arranging all the possible prospective parent variants (602) (603) (605) (606) of the allele and normal gene (601) (604). In another aspect of the invention there is provided a process for deriving all the possible male (710), female (711) pair of normal and allele gene (701) (702) (703) (704) (705) (706) (707) (708) (709) combinations (712), and the resultant offspring genetic inheritance pattern (713) (801) (802) (803) (804) (805) (806) (807) (808) (809). In yet another aspect of the invention there is provided a process of assigning counselling assistance information (910) (911) (912) (913) (914) (915) (916) (917) (918) to said resultant offspring genetic inheritance pattern (901) (902) (903) (904) (905) (906) (907) (908) (909) in a pre-determined sequential order for easy comprehension. In yet another aspect of the invention there is provided a process of using tangible shape (923) with indicator in each row (919), genetic inheritance pattern outcome (920), and their respective counselling assistance (921), with digital readable image (922) for digital processing of said tangible shape and its association etc. In yet another aspect of the invention there is provided a process of assigning assertive indicators (1004) (1005) (1006) (1007) (1008) (1009) (1010) (1011) (1012) (1104) (1105) (1106) (1107) (1108) (1109) (1110) (1111) (1112) (1304) (1305) (1306) (1307) (1308) (1309) (1310) (1311) (1312) (1404) (1405) (1406) (1407) (1408) (1409) (1410) (1411) (1412) so that rest become non-assertive indicators in indicator column (919). These indicators are assigned to each genetic inheritance pattern outcome column (921), uniquely based on said variants of allele and their said gene combinations, but, not limited to just an indicator for easy identification in tangible shape/apparatus (1001 and 1401) representing Normal Male (601), tangible shape/apparatus (1002 and 1402) representing Male Heterozygous (carrier) (602), tangible shape/apparatus (1003 and 1403) representing Male Homozygous (disease) (603), tangible shape/apparatus (1101 and 1301) representing Normal Female (604), tangible shape/apparatus (1102 and 1302) representing Female Heterozygous (carrier) (605), and tangible shape/apparatus (1103 and 1303) representing Female Homozygous (disease) (606). In yet another aspect of the invention there is provided a system of automated highlighting or selection of said assertive indicator, as identifier of the genetic inheritance pattern of offspring and the respective counselling assistance of the prospective parents, easy for any person, even a person not skilled in genetic or marriage counselling. In yet another aspect of the invention, there are provided real-world examples of gene combination (1201) (1203) (1205) (1207) (1209) (1211) (1213) (1215) (1217) of tangible shapes/apparatuses of Male (1001) (1002) (1003) and Female (1101) (1102) (1103) or Male (1401) (1402) (1403) and Female (1301) (1302) (1303) and their genetic inheritance pattern and counselling assistance highlighted via assertive indicators (1202) (1204) (1206) (1208) (1210) (1212) (1214) (1216) (1218). The corresponding row of the highlighted assertive indicator identifies the genetic inheritance pattern and counselling assistance required for the prospective parents. In yet another aspect of the invention there is provided a real world digital implementation through machine. The details of prospective parent (1301) forms input (1304) for the application (1305) data processing (1307) to be done at local CPU (1309) and Database (1310) or in the cloud (1308) arriving at the result. Thus, the identified tangible shape of both prospective parents & their resultant offspring genetic inheritance pattern are returned to the application (1305) for output (1306). In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides an apparatus for assisting an individual predict a genetic inheritance pattern of putative progeny with a second individual for a genetically inherited disorder, said apparatus comprising at least two sides, one of the sides displaying following nine genetic inheritance patterns of progeny listed in any order and corresponding counselling for marriage compatibility or childbearing, in a language of choice: ,

wherein an assertive indicator is placed next to three of the nine genetic inheritance patterns based on a zygosity of the individual for said genetically inherited disease. The present disclosure also provides a method for assisting an individual predict a genetic inheritance pattern of progeny with a second individual with respect to a genetically inherited disorder, said method comprising matching the apparatus of the present invention for said individual with an apparatus of the present invention for the second individual as described herein to arrive at a single genetic inheritance pattern of progeny and making an informed decision about marrying or childbearing with the second individual based on said single genetic inheritance pattern. The present invention makes it extremely simple and easy for any lay person to identify genetic inheritance pattern and offer counselling assistance. In accordance with these and other objects which will become apparent hereinafter, the instant invention will now be described with particular reference to the accompanying drawing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 01 (a), Figure 01 (b), Figure 02 (a), Figure 02 (b), Figure 03 (a) and Figure 03 (b) are examples of different kinds of existing color-coded genetic disease identification cards; Figure 04 (a) is an example of existing manual method used for genetic pattern determination; Figure 04 (b) is an example of graphical method used for genetic pattern determination; Figure 05 is an example of pedigree method used for genetic pattern determination; Figure 07 is a view of identifying and arranging all the possible prospective parent variants of the allele in accordance with the present invention; Figure 07 (a) is an example of premade combination match making chart used for genetic pattern determination; Figure 07 (b) is a view of schema of combination making using method shown in Figure 04 (a), 04 (b) for genetic inheritance pattern determination used to develop the chart in Figure 07 (a); Figure 08 is a view of derivation of all the possible combinations and the resultant offspring genetic inheritance pattern of said variants of allele and normal gene of each parent in accordance with the present invention; Figure 09 (a) is a view of assigning counselling assistance information to said resultant offspring genetic inheritance pattern in accordance with the present invention; Figure 9 (b) is a view of an apparatus having a tangible shape with indicators, genetic inheritance pattern outcome, their respective counselling assistance, there is a machine readable code as well in accordance with the present invention; Figure 10, panels (a)-(c) and Figure 11, panels (a)-(c) are views of apparatuses/tangible shapes representing male and female variants according to one embodiment. Said shapes have see throughs representing assertive indicators in accordance with the present invention; Figure 12 (a), Figure 12 (b), and Figure 12 (c), are views showing superimposed apparatuses from Figure 10 and Figure 11 and their selected/highlighted single assertive indicator, corresponding genetic inheritance pattern and counselling assistance in accordance with the present invention; Figure 13, panels (a)-(c) and Figure 14, panels (a)-(c) are view of apparatuses/tangible shapes representing male and female variants according to one embodiment. Said shapes have see throughs representing assertive indicators in accordance with the present invention; Figure 15 is a view of digitalized system and method for automated genetic inheritance pattern identification and counselling in accordance with the present invention; Figure 16, panels (a)-(f), are views of one side of apparatuses representing male and female variants with respect to sickle cell disease according to one embodiment. Said apparatuses have circular holes representing assertive indicators in accordance with the present invention; Figure 17, panels (a)-(f), are views of the second side of apparatuses shown in Figure 16 displaying nine genetic inheritance patterns and corresponding counselling recommendation for marriage or child bearing. Figure 18, panels (a)-(f), are views of one side of apparatuses representing male and female variants with respect to beta thalassemia according to one embodiment. Said apparatuses have circular holes representing assertive indicators in accordance with the present invention; and Figure 19, panels (a)-(f), are views of the second side of apparatuses shown in Figure 18 displaying nine genetic inheritance patterns and corresponding counselling recommendation for marriage or child bearing. Other objects, features and advantages of the inventions will be apparent from the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the inventions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity. The use of the expression “at least” or “at least one” suggests the use of one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as the use may be in the embodiment of the disclosure to achieve one or more of the desired objects or results. Throughout this specification, the word “comprise”, or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising” or “containing” or “has” or “having”, or “including but not limited to” wherever used, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps. Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, or “an exemplary embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment”, “in an embodiment”, or “in an exemplary embodiment” in various places throughout this specification may not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment. It is appreciated that certain features of the disclosure, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the disclosure, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination. The present invention is an automation of genetic inheritance pattern identification of offspring, and counselling of prospective parents with ease. Even lay persons, paramedics, prospective parents themselves not skilled in genetic or marriage counselling, can use the apparatus and the methods of the present disclosure to identify the genetic inheritance pattern of their offspring and provide counselling assistance to others or to themselves. Before discussing the details of the apparatus of the present invention and methods thereof, determination of genetic inheritance patterns is discussed briefly. During reproduction, gamete formation occurs. One gene A₁ from one parent and other gene A₂ from other parent constitute a pair of genes A₁ A₂ as shown in Figure 04. This pair of gene exhibits the phenotype of the offspring. Depending on whether the pair of alleles/genes are both dominant (DD) or both recessive (rr), one dominant (D) and other recessive (r), and also depending on if the allele is autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked etc., these combinations will decide their phenotype in the offspring. During reproduction, a pair of gene from one parent say A₁B₁ will combine with a pair of gene from other parent say A₂B₂. There is a probability of these two pairs combining and forming 4 different pair of genes, thereby, 4 different genotypes and corresponding resultant phenotypes can be expected. In other words, the possible genetic inheritance pattern can be predicted as shown in Figure 04. Identification of genetic inheritance pattern of offspring of a parent having a disease bearing allele, can help in limiting the transmission of mild to severely life-threatening genetically inherited diseases from one generation to the other. At present, scientists and skilled specialists manually predict the genetic inheritance pattern of the progeny from the prospective parents as shown in Figure 04 (a) or Figure 04 (b) or by pedigree mapping as shown in Figure 05 or by premade combination match making as shown in Figure 07. However, such prediction needs domain knowledge & expertise to arrive at the right combination. Furthermore, interpretation of results and its effective communication to the prospective parents need yet another level of skill set. The present invention attempts to address the above limitations and short comings by providing an apparatus and a method thereof that allows a lay man to accurately predict the genetic inheritance pattern of putative progeny from a second individual in the event of their marriage or if they want to bear children. In a broad embodiment, the present invention provides a system, apparatus, and a method of automation of genetic inheritance pattern identification of offspring, and counselling of prospective parents with a high degree of precision and ease, removing all the guess work. Lay persons and parents themselves can use the apparatus and the method of the present disclosure to identify the genetic pattern of their offspring. The present invention provides an apparatus and a method that assists an individual predict a genetic inheritance pattern of future/putative progeny with a second individual so that the individual can make an informed decision about whether to marry or have children with the second individual. In particular, the invention assists an individual in predicting the genetic inheritance pattern of putative progeny with respect to a genetically inherited disorder. The apparatus and the method of the present disclosure allow an individual to predict the genetic inheritance pattern of putative progeny on their own without assistance from a trained genetic/marriage counselor or without requiring any understanding of the laws of genetic inheritance. In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides an apparatus for assisting an individual predict a genetic inheritance pattern of putative progeny with a second individual for a genetically inherited disorder, said apparatus comprising at least two sides, one of the sides displaying nine genetic inheritance patterns of progeny shown in Table 1, listed in any order, and corresponding counseling for marriage compatibility or childbearing, in a language of choice: Table 1

, wherein three of the nine genetic inheritance patterns have an assertive indicator next to each of them based on a zygosity of the individual for said genetically inherited disease. Referring now to an exemplary embodiment of the invention in more detail, Figure 06 shows different possible prospective parent variants (602) (603) (605) (606) including normal gene (601) (604) of both parents. Parent variants (601) and (604) have two copies of normal/healthy allele, i.e., parent (601) and (604) are homozygous-healthy. Parent variants (602) and (605) have one copy of the mutated gene/allele and one copy of normal gene/allele, i.e., parent variants (602) and (605) are heterozygous. In parent variants (603) and (606), both copies of the gene/allele are mutated, i.e., parent variants (603) and (606) are homozygous-diseased. The presence of a normal gene/allele or a mutated gene/allele can be ascertained by pathological or other approved tests. There can be more variants than the ones mentioned in Figure 06. To reduce/prevent transmission of genetically inherited diseases, many government health agencies screen populations and issue identity cards indicating the status (healthy/carrier/diseased) of the individual with respect to the genetically inherited disease of concern in that population. Schema of combination making: Identify all the possible prospective parent genetic status variants. With respect to the variants shown in Figure 6: Normal Male (601), Male Heterozygous (carrier) (602), Male Homozygous (disease) (603), Normal Female (604), Female Heterozygous (carrier) (605), and Female Homozygous (disease) (606). These prospective parents - three male (810) (811) (812) and three female (813) (814) (815) – the variant gene can combine in nine different gene combinations (801) (802) (803) (804) (805) (806) (807) (808) (809) (see Figure 08). As per the combination schema shown in Figure 07 (b), male pair of gene GG in row (702) in the column (710) combines with female pair of gene GR in row (702) in the column (711). In said combination, first male gene G (702) (710) and first female gene G (702) (711) constitute the first pair of gene GG in offspring (702) (712). Second male gene G (702) (710) and second female gene R (702) (711) constitute the second pair of gene GR in offspring (702) (712). Third male gene G (702) (710) and third female gene G (702) (711) constitute the third pair of gene GG in offspring (702) (712). Fourth male gene G (702) (710) and fourth female gene R (702) (711) constitute the fourth pair of gene GR in offspring (702) (712) to give the four different pair of combinations. Schema of identification of offspring genetic inheritance pattern: In Figure 07 (b), nine male pair of gene in the column (710) will combine with nine female pair of gene in the column (711) as per said schema of combination making giving four pair of gene (column 712) combinations of the offspring. In column 712, one pair of gene represents 25%, two pairs of gene represent 50%, three pairs of gene represent 75% and all four pairs of gene represent 100% of probability in the offspring based on which the genetic inheritance patterns shown in column (713) are arrived at. Schema of assigning counselling assistance: Corresponding counselling assistance (910) (911) (912) (913) (914) (915) (916) (917) (918) (see Figure 09 (a)) is assigned to the resultant offspring genetic inheritance pattern shown in column (713) of Figure 07 (b). In one embodiment, possible genetic inheritance patterns of putative offspring shown in column (713) of Figure 07 (b) are arranged in a pre-determined sequential order - (901) (902) (903) (904) (905) (906) (907) (908) (909) – as shown in Figure 09 (a) for easy comprehension. Schema of arriving at the result: Identify prospective genetic status of a male and a female parent. Find the unique combination of the male and female parent in rows (701) (702) (703) (704) (705) (706) (707) (708) (709) (Figure 07 (b)) and the corresponding row in offspring gene combinations (712), genetic inheritance pattern (713) and the corresponding counselling support information - (910) (911) (912) (913) (914) (915) (916) (917) (918) (Figure 09 (a)) - is the result for said prospective parents. By employing the above-described schema, the inventors designed an apparatus for assisting an individual predict a genetic inheritance pattern of putative progeny with a second individual for a genetically inherited disorder In more detail, still referring to the invention in one embodiment, Figure 09 (b), there is provided an apparatus comprising a tangible shape (923) and a method thereof for readily implementing the apparatus, system and method of automating genetic inheritance pattern identification of offspring, and counselling of prospective parents. This invention makes use of tangible shapes. In particular, the apparatus of the present invention has a tangible shape. Said tangible shape can be made from any material, bear any shape, and has at least two sides. In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus having a tangible shape is a card, badge, or a box having a rectangular or a square shape. In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus of the present invention has a tangible shape (923) as shown in Figure 09 (b). In this embodiment, one of the sides of the apparatus comprises a table displaying possible genetic inheritance patterns of progeny, e.g., as shown in Figure 09 (a) or (b) with corresponding counselling information. In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 09 (b), one of the sides of the apparatus comprises a list of genetic inheritance patterns for offspring (920) with indicators (919) next to each of the genetic inheritance pattern and counselling assistance information (921) and a machine-readable code (922) specific to each apparatus for directing the user to a specific URL for processing information. In some embodiments, the machine-readable code (922) can be on the other side of the apparatus. In an exemplary embodiment, the indicators (919) are of two types: an assertive indicator (e.g., an opening, a transparent/see through shape, or a protrusion) and a non-assertive indicator (e.g., a cross-mark (X) or other markings indicating a negative outcome). In some embodiments, the opening employed as an assertive indicator is a hole, partial slit, or window. In some embodiments, the opening has a shape selected from the group consisting of a circle, an oval, a triangle, a square, a rectangle, a rhombus, a parallelogram, a pentagon, a hexagon, and an octagon. In some embodiments, the transparent/see through shape employed as an assertive indicator has a shape selected from the group consisting of a circle, an oval, a triangle, a square, a rectangle, a rhombus, a parallelogram, a pentagon, a hexagon, and an octagon. In some embodiments, the non-assertive indicator is a cross-mark (X). In some embodiments, the cross-mark is placed inside a shape that is the same as the shape of the assertive indicator. In the exemplary embodiments shown in Figures 09 (b), 10, 11, 13, and 14, three of the nine possible genetic inheritance patterns have an assertive indicator (e.g., an opening, a transparent shape, or a protrusion) next to each of them and the remaining six genetic inheritance patterns have a non-assertive indicator (e.g., a cross-mark) next to each of them. The placement of an assertive indicator next to a genetic inheritance pattern of progeny depends on a zygosity of the individual for the genetically inherited disease of concern and the dominant/recessive nature of the mutant allele. For example, if the genetically-inherited disease is an autosomal recessive disorder and if the zygosity of the individual for the genetically-inherited disease is homozygous-healthy (i.e., both copies of genes/alleles present in the individual are healthy/normal), then there are three possible genetic inheritance patterns of progeny for this individual with a second individual with whom he/she desires to bear children: a) if the second individual is also homozygous-healthy for the genetically-inherited disorder, the progeny of these two individuals will have an inheritance pattern of “all normal” children; b) if the second individual is heterozygous for the genetically- inherited disorder, the progeny of these two individuals will have an inheritance pattern of “50% normal and 50% carrier” children; and c) if the second individual is homozygous-diseased for the genetically-inherited disorder, the progeny of these two individuals will have an inheritance pattern of “all carrier” children. Accordingly, for an individual having the zygosity of homozygous-healthy for an autosomal recessive genetically inherited disorder, an assertive-indicator is placed next to each of the following three genetic inheritance patterns: all normal, 50% normal and 50% carrier, and all carrier children. If the zygosity of the individual for an autosomal recessive genetic disorder is heterozygous (i.e., one copy of the gene is defective/mutated and the second copy is normal), then there are three possible genetic inheritance patterns of progeny for this individual with a second individual with whom he/she desires to bear children: a) if the second individual is homozygous-healthy for the genetically-inherited disorder, the progeny of these two individuals will have an inheritance pattern of “50% normal and 50% carrier” children; b) if the second individual is heterozygous for the genetically- inherited disorder, the progeny of these two individuals will have an inheritance pattern of “25% Diseased, 50% Carrier, 25% Normal” children; and c) if the second individual is homozygous-diseased for the genetically-inherited disorder, the progeny of these two individuals will have an inheritance pattern of “50% Diseased and 50% Carrier” children. Accordingly, for an individual having the zygosity of heterozygous for an autosomal recessive genetically inherited disorder, an assertive indicator is placed next to each of the following three genetic inheritance patterns: 50% normal and 50% carrier; 25% Diseased, 50% Carrier, 25% Normal; and 50% Diseased and 50% Carrier. If the zygosity of the individual for an autosomal recessive genetic disorder is homozygous-diseased (i.e., both copies of the gene are defective/mutated), then there are three possible genetic inheritance patterns of progeny for this individual with a second individual with whom he/she desires to bear children: a) if the second individual is homozygous-healthy for the genetically-inherited disorder, the progeny of these two individuals will have an inheritance pattern of “all carrier” children; b) if the second individual is heterozygous for the genetically-inherited disorder, the progeny of these two individuals will have an inheritance pattern of “50% Diseased and 50% Carrier” children; and c) if the second individual is homozygous-diseased for the genetically- inherited disorder, the progeny of these two individuals will have an inheritance pattern of “all diseased” children. Accordingly, for an individual having the zygosity of homozygous-diseased for an autosomal recessive genetically inherited disorder, an assertive-indicator is placed next to each of the following three genetic inheritance patterns: all carrier; 50% Diseased and 50% Carrier; and all diseased. The apparatuses exemplified in Figures 09 (b), 10, 11, 13, 14, and 16-19 are designed to provide counselling assistance quickly and without requiring a skilled person such as a genetic counselor. The apparatus provides this counseling assistance when it is superimposed/overlapped/aligned/slid over with an apparatus for a second individual. For quickly arriving at counselling assistance and easy interpretation of counseling assistance, some of the genetic inheritance patterns are listed twice on the apparatus. In the embodiments shown in Figures 09 (b), 10, 11, 13, 14, and 16-19 the following three genetic inheritance patterns are listed twice on the apparatus: 50% Normal and 50% carrier, all carriers, and 50% diseased and 50% carrier. An assertive indicator or a non-assertive indicator is placed next to one of the twice-listed genetic inheritance patterns depending on whether the card is issued to a male or a female individual. This is exemplified in Figures 10, 11, 13, 14, and 16-19. Figures 10 and 11 together show six apparatuses for six prospective genetic status variants (601) (602) (603) (604) (605) and (606). In these figures, apparatus (1001) represents Normal Male (601), apparatus (1002) represents Male Heterozygous (carrier) (602), apparatus (1003) represents Male Homozygous (diseased) (603), apparatus (1101) represents Normal Female (604), apparatus (1102) represents Female Heterozygous (carrier) (605), and apparatus (1103) represents Female Homozygous (disease) (606). Figures 13 and 14 show an alternative embodiment for six apparatuses for six prospective genetic status variants (607) (608) (609) (610) (611) and (612). In Figure 13, apparatuses assigned to male individuals in Figure 10 are instead assigned to female individuals. In Figure 14, apparatuses assigned to female individuals in Figure 11 are instead assigned to male individuals. Thus, in Figure 13, apparatus (1301) represents Normal female (607), apparatus (1302) represents female Heterozygous (carrier) (608), and apparatus (1303) represents female Homozygous (diseased) (609). In Figure 14, apparatus (1401) represents Normal Male (610), apparatus (1402) represents Male Heterozygous (carrier) (611), and apparatus (1403) represents Male Homozygous (disease) (612). For automation, visual and tactile identification of the result, indicators (919) (e.g., openings and cross-marks) are assigned to each corresponding row in the columns (920) (921) uniquely based on said prospective parent variants and their said gene combinations. According to Figure 08, each prospective parent has three combinations and resulting genetic inheritance pattern, these said combinations become assertive indicators (1004) (1005) (1006) (1007) (1008) (1009) (1010) (1011) (1012) (1104) (1105) (1106) (1107) (1108) (1109) (1110) (1111) (1112) (1304) (1305) (1306) (1307) (1308) (1309) (1310) (1311) (1312) (1404) (1405) (1406) (1407) (1408) (1409) (1410) (1411) (1412) in Figures 10, 11, 13, and 14 in the form of an opening such as a hole, partial slit, or window, or a transparent/see through shape; and the rest become non-assertive indicators in indicator column (919) on said six apparatuses. Further, implementing the invention in real world for automating genetic inheritance pattern identification and counselling of prospective parents, one prospective parent’s apparatus (1001) (1002) (1003) or (1301) (1302) (1303) is concentrically aligned, overlapped or superimposed or slid on another prospective parent’s apparatus (1101) (1102) (1103) or (1401) (1402) (1403), in such a way, that if, the apparatuses were transparent each row and column (919) (920) (921) of said one apparatus would overlap the rows and columns (919) (920) (921) of another apparatus. Such placement (i.e., superimposition, alignment, overlapping, or sliding) will reveal the resulting counselling information as assertive indicators (1202) (1204) (1206) (1208) (1210) (1212) (1214) (1216) (1218) and all the others will become non-assertive in nine possible combinations (1201) (1203) (1205) (1207) (1209) (1211) (1213) (1215) (1217) as shown in Figure 12 (a)-(c). The top panel of Figure 12 (a) shows the results of superimposing an apparatus for a male homozygous-healthy individual (1001) with that of a female homozygous-healthy individual (1101), i.e., when the apparatus shown in Figure 10 (a) is superimposed with the apparatus shown in Figure 11 (a), the individual having the apparatus of Figure 10 (a) will know that the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny from a second individual having the apparatus of Figure 11 (a) is “All Normal” as indicated by the assertive indicator 1202. Alternatively, the individual having the apparatus of Figure 11 (a) will know that the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny from a second individual having the apparatus of Figure 10 (a) is “All Normal” as indicated by the assertive indicator 1202. Upon superimposition, the other two assertive indicators on the apparatuses shown in Figure 10 (a) (1005 and 1006) and 11 (a) (1105 and 1106) become non-assertive indicators in the top panel of Figure 12 (a). The middle panel of Figure 12 (a) shows the results of superimposing an apparatus for a male homozygous-healthy individual (1001) with that of a female heterozygous individual (1102), i.e., when the apparatus shown in Figure 10 (a) is superimposed with the apparatus shown in Figure 11 (b), the individual having the apparatus of Figure 10 (a) will know that the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny from a second individual having the apparatus of Figure 11 (b) is “50% Normal, 50% Carriers” as indicated by the assertive indicator 1204. Alternatively, the individual having the apparatus of Figure 11 (b) will know that the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny from a second individual having the apparatus of Figure 10 (a) is “50% Normal, 50% Carriers” as indicated by the assertive indicator 1204. Upon superimposition, the other two assertive indicators on the apparatuses shown in Figure 10 (a) (1004 and 1006) and 11 (b) (1108 and 1109) become non-assertive indicators in the middle panel of Figure 12 (a). The bottom panel of Figure 12 (a) shows the results of superimposing an apparatus for a male heterozygous individual (1002) with that of a female homozygous-healthy individual (1101), i.e., when the apparatus shown in Figure 10 (b) is superimposed with the apparatus shown in Figure 11 (a), the individual having the apparatus of Figure 10 (b) will know that the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny from a second individual having the apparatus of Figure 11 (a) is “50% Normal, 50% Carriers” as indicated by the assertive indicator 1206. Alternatively, the individual having the apparatus of Figure 11 (a) will know that the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny from a second individual having the apparatus of Figure 10 (b) is “50% Normal, 50% Carriers” as indicated by the assertive indicator 1206. Upon superimposition, the other two assertive indicators on the apparatuses shown in Figure 10 (b) (1008 and 1009) and 11 (a) (1104 and 1106) become non-assertive indicators in the bottom panel of Figure 12 (a). The top panel of Figure 12 (b) shows the results of superimposing an apparatus for a male homozygous-healthy individual (1001) with that of a female homozygous- diseased individual (1103), i.e., when the apparatus shown in Figure 10 (a) is superimposed with the apparatus shown in Figure 11 (c), the individual having the apparatus of Figure 10 (a) will know that the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny from a second individual having the apparatus of Figure 11 (c) is “All Carriers” as indicated by the assertive indicator 1208. Alternatively, the individual having the apparatus of Figure 11 (c) will know that the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny from a second individual having the apparatus of Figure 10 (a) is “All Carriers” as indicated by the assertive indicator 1208. Upon superimposition, the other two assertive indicators on the apparatuses shown in Figure 10 (a) (1004 and 1005) and 11 (c) (1111 and 1112) become non-assertive indicators in the top panel of Figure 12 (b). The middle panel of Figure 12 (b) shows the results of superimposing an apparatus for a male homozygous-diseased individual (1003) with that of a female homozygous- healthy individual (1101), i.e., when the apparatus shown in Figure 10 (c) is superimposed with the apparatus shown in Figure 11 (a), the individual having the apparatus of Figure 10 (c) will know that the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny from a second individual having the apparatus of Figure 11 (a) is “All Carriers” as indicated by the assertive indicator 1210. Alternatively, the individual having the apparatus of Figure 11 (a) will know that the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny from a second individual having the apparatus of Figure 10 (c) is “All Carriers” as indicated by the assertive indicator 1210. Upon superimposition, the other two assertive indicators on the apparatuses shown in Figure 10 (c) (1011 and 1012) and 11 (a) (1104 and 1105) become non-assertive indicators in the middle panel of Figure 12 (b). The bottom panel of Figure 12 (b) shows the results of superimposing an apparatus for a male heterozygous individual (1002) with that of a female heterozygous individual (1102), i.e., when the apparatus shown in Figure 10 (b) is superimposed with the apparatus shown in Figure 11 (b), the individual having the apparatus of Figure 10 (b) will know that the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny from a second individual having the apparatus of Figure 11 (b) is “25% Diseased, 50% Carrier, 25% Normal” as indicated by the assertive indicator 1212. Alternatively, the individual having the apparatus of Figure 11 (b) will know that the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny from a second individual having the apparatus of Figure 10 (b) is “25% Diseased, 50% Carrier, 25% Normal” as indicated by the assertive indicator 1212. Upon superimposition, the other two assertive indicators on the apparatuses shown in Figure 10 (b) (1007 and 1009) and 11 (b) (1107 and 1109) become non-assertive indicators in the bottom panel of Figure 12 (b). The top panel of Figure 12 (c) shows the results of superimposing an apparatus for a male heterozygous individual (1002) with that of a female homozygous-diseased individual (1103), i.e., when the apparatus shown in Figure 10 (b) is superimposed with the apparatus shown in Figure 11 (c), the individual having the apparatus of Figure 10 (b) will know that the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny from a second individual having the apparatus of Figure 11 (c) is “50% Diseased, 50% Carriers” as indicated by the assertive indicator 1214. Alternatively, the individual having the apparatus of Figure 11 (c) will know that the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny from a second individual having the apparatus of Figure 10 (b) is “50% Diseased, 50% Carriers” as indicated by the assertive indicator 1214. Upon superimposition, the other two assertive indicators on the apparatuses shown in Figure 10 (b) (1007 and 1008) and 11 (c) (1110 and 1112) become non-assertive indicators in the top panel of Figure 12 (c). The middle panel of Figure 12 (c) shows the results of superimposing an apparatus for a male homozygous-diseased individual (1003) with that of a female heterozygous individual (1102), i.e., when the apparatus shown in Figure 10 (c) is superimposed with the apparatus shown in Figure 11 (b), the individual having the apparatus of Figure 10 (c) will know that the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny from a second individual having the apparatus of Figure 11 (b) is “50% Diseased, 50% Carriers” as indicated by the assertive indicator 1216. Alternatively, the individual having the apparatus of Figure 11 (b) will know that the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny from a second individual having the apparatus of Figure 10 (c) is “50% Diseased, 50% Carriers” as indicated by the assertive indicator 1216. Upon superimposition, the other two assertive indicators on the apparatuses shown in Figure 10 (c) (1010 and 1012) and 11 (b) (1107 and 1108) become non-assertive indicators in the middle panel of Figure 12 (b). The bottom panel of Figure 12 (c) shows the results of superimposing an apparatus for a male homozygous-diseased individual (1003) with that of a female homozygous- diseased individual (1103), i.e., when the apparatus shown in Figure 10 (c) is superimposed with the apparatus shown in Figure 11 (c), the individual having the apparatus of Figure 10 (c) will know that the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny from a second individual having the apparatus of Figure 11 (c) is “All Diseased” as indicated by the assertive indicator 1218. Alternatively, the individual having the apparatus of Figure 11 (c) will know that the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny from a second individual having the apparatus of Figure 10 (c) is “All Diseased” as indicated by the assertive indicator 1218. Upon superimposition, the other two assertive indicators on the apparatuses shown in Figure 10 (c) (1010 and 1011) and 11 (c) (1110 and 1111) become non-assertive indicators in the bottom panel of Figure 12 (c). Figure 12 (a)-(c) shows that by superimposing/aligning/overlapping/sliding over two apparatuses of two individuals, only one of the three assertive indicators from each apparatus remains assertive and the other two assertive indicators turn non-assertive showing a single genetic inheritance pattern of progeny from said two individuals. This allows the individuals make an informed decision about marrying each other or having children with each other. Similar superimpositions can be made between apparatuses of female parent variants shown in Figure 13 with those of male parent variants shown in Figure 14. In one embodiment, the counselling assistance/suggestion/information is provided as shown in Table 1. That is, if the single assertive indicator after superimposing/aligning/overlapping/sliding over two apparatuses of two individuals shows the inheritance pattern as “all normal” or “50% Normal, 50% Carrier children” or “all carrier children”; the counselling suggestion is: okay to marry or okay to have children. If the single assertive indicator after superimposing/aligning/overlapping/sliding over two apparatuses of two individuals shows the inheritance pattern as “25% Diseased, 50% Carrier, 25% Normal”; the counselling suggestion is “rethink” or “reconsider” as there is one out four chance that the child can be diseased. If the single assertive indicator after superimposing/aligning/overlapping/sliding over two apparatuses of two individuals shows the inheritance pattern as “50% Diseased, 50% Carrier” or “all diseased” children; the counselling suggestion is “not advisable” in view of the possibility of having 50% or all children as diseased. In another embodiment, the counselling assistance/suggestion/information is as shown in Figures 9-14 and 16-19. That is, if the single assertive indicator after superimposing/aligning/overlapping/sliding over two apparatuses of two individuals shows the inheritance pattern as “all normal” or “50% Normal, 50% Carrier children” or “all carrier children”; the counselling suggestion is no transmission or carrier transmission of disease. If the single assertive indicator after superimposing/aligning/overlapping/sliding over two apparatuses of two individuals shows the inheritance pattern as “25% Diseased, 50% Carrier, 25% Normal”; the counselling suggestion is carrier and disease transmission. If the single assertive indicator after superimposing/aligning/overlapping/sliding over two apparatuses of two individuals shows the inheritance pattern as “50% Diseased, 50% Carrier” or “all diseased” children; the counselling suggestion is disease transmission. Figure 12 (a)-(c) show that merely by aligning/superimposing/overlapping/sliding over the apparatuses of two individuals, said individuals will be able to accurately predict the genetic inheritance pattern of progeny from each other and make an informed decision about marrying or having children with each other. Thus, the apparatuses and methods of the present disclosure make it very easy for a lay man to accurately predict, on their own, the genetic inheritance pattern of putative progeny with a second individual without requiring an assistance from a skilled person such as a genetic or marriage counsellor. In some embodiments, the apparatus provides counselling assistance for an autosomal recessive disorder selected from sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, thalassemia, or a combination thereof. The apparatus of the present disclosure comprises at least two sides. One of the sides comprises a list of possible genetic inheritance patterns and corresponding counselling information as described above and the other side comprises identifying information of the individual such as the name of the individual, date of birth, gender, contact information and the like. The side with the identifying information may also show the genotype of the individual for the genetically inherited disorder For example in the case of sickle cell anemia, the side showing the identifying information of the individual may show the genotype of the individual as Normal HbAA (indicating that both copies of the hemoglobin gene are normal/healthy, i.e., the individual is homozygous-healthy); Trait HbAS (indicating that one of the copies of the hemoglobin gene is healthy and the other copy of the hemoglobin gene is defective; i.e., the individual is heterozygous); or Disease HBSS (indicating that both copies of the hemoglobin gene are defective; i.e., the individual is homozygous-diseased). There are more than 350 variants of hemoglobin with HbS, HbC, HbE, HbD being common. Other variants include, but are not limited to, Hb D-Punjab, Hb O-Arab, Hb G- Philadelphia, Hb Hasharon, Hb Korle-Bu, Hb Kansas, etc. Exemplary Hb variants are disclosed at https://oncohemakey.com/variants-of-sickle-cell-anemia/. The apparatus of the present disclosure can be employed to determine an inheritance pattern of any Hb variant due to a single gene disorder. Accordingly, the identifying information on the apparatus will display whether the individual is a carrier/trait or a homozygous diseased for any single gene Hb variant or has normal Hb. In the case of β-thalassemia, the side showing the identifying information of the individual may show the genotype of the individual as normal (indicating that both copies of the β-globin gene are normal/healthy, i.e., the individual is homozygous- healthy); beta thalassemia minor (indicating that one of the copies of the β-globin gene is normal/healthy and the other copy of the β-globin gene is defective; i.e., the individual is heterozygous); or beta thalassemia major (indicating that both copies of the β-globin gene are defective; i.e., the individual is homozygous-diseased). In the case of cystic fibrosis (CF), the side showing the identifying information of the individual may show the genotype of the individual as normal (indicating that both copies of the CFTR gene are normal/healthy, i.e., the individual is homozygous- healthy); CF carrier (indicating that one of the copies of the CFTR gene is normal/healthy and the other copy of the CFTR gene is defective; i.e., the individual is heterozygous); or CF (indicating that both copies of the CFTR gene are defective; i.e., the individual is homozygous-diseased). The apparatus of the present disclosure can be employed to provide counseling assistance for a combination of diseases. For example, if the individual is healthy with respect to two or more genetically inherited diseases, the individual will have an apparatus indicating the healthy/homozygous-healthy status such as the one shown in panel (a) of Figures 10-14 and panels (a) and (d) of Figures 16-17. If the individual is a carrier/heterozygous with respect to two or more genetically inherited diseases, the individual will have an apparatus indicating the carrier/heterozygous status such as the one shown in panel (b) of Figures 10-14 and panels (b) and (e) of Figures 16- 17. If the individual is diseased with respect to two or more genetically inherited diseases, the individual will have an apparatus indicating the diseased/homozygous- diseased status such as the one shown in panel (c) of Figures 10-14 and panels (c) and (f) of Figures 16-17. Further, if the individual has a normal genotype for one genetically inherited disease but a carrier genotype for a second genetically inherited disease, such individual will have an apparatus indicating the carrier status such as those shown in panel (b) of Figures 10-14 and panels (b) and (e) of Figures 16-17. If the individual has a normal genotype for one genetically inherited disease but a diseased genotype for a second genetically inherited disease, such individual will have an apparatus indicating the diseased status such as those shown in panel (c) of Figures 10-14 and panels (c) and (f) of Figures 16-17. Similarly, if the individual has a carrier/heterozygous genotype for one genetically inherited disease but a diseased genotype for a second genetically inherited disease, such individual will have an apparatus indicating the diseased status such as those shown in panel (c) of Figures 10-14 and panels (c) and (f) of Figures 16-17. As the apparatuses of the present disclosure can be distributed to people residing in various geographical regions, the information listed on the apparatuses including the genetic inheritance patterns, corresponding counselling information/suggestion and the identifying information of the individual can be present in any language of choice, e.g., a language that is prevalent in that geographical area. In some embodiments, the information listed on the apparatuses can be present in more than one language. In some embodiments, the information listed on the apparatuses can be present in a language selected from Hindi, Guajarati, Punjabi, Marathi, Bengali, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Oriya, Assamese, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Nepali, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Urdu, Bodo, Santhali, Maithili, Dogri, English, French, German, Mandarin, Korean, Japanese, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Russian, Persian, Arabic, or any combinations thereof. The present disclosure also provides a method for assisting an individual predict a genetic inheritance pattern of progeny with a second individual with respect to a genetically inherited disorder. The method comprises matching the apparatus of the individual with an apparatus for the second individual as described herein to arrive at a single genetic inheritance pattern of progeny and making an informed decision about marrying or childbearing with the second individual based on said single genetic inheritance pattern. In exemplary embodiments, matching the apparatus of the individual with an apparatus for the second individual comprises superimposing, aligning, overlapping, or sliding over the two apparatuses so that only a single assertive indicator remains on the superimposed/aligned/overlapped/slid over apparatuses indicating a single genetic inheritance pattern of progeny and corresponding recommendation for marrying or having children with the second individual. In some embodiments, the genetically inherited disorder with respect to which the method of the present disclosure assists an individual predict a genetic inheritance pattern of progeny with a second individual is an autosomal recessive disorder. In some embodiments, the autosomal recessive disorder is a single gene autosomal recessive disorder. In some embodiments, the autosomal recessive disorder is selected from sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, thalassemia, or a combination thereof. A still further implementation of the invention in real world is a digital implementation through a machine such as an electronic device or a computer-implemented medium. The details of prospective parent (1501) male (1502) and female (1503) is recorded as input (1504) data from their normal or allele variant status (701) (702) (703) (704) (705) (706). The said data is fed to application (1505), application (1505) sends the data for data processing (1507) to be done but not limited at local CPU (1509) and Database (1510) or in the cloud (1508). Data processing is done using the said schema of combination making, schema of identification of offspring genetic inheritance pattern, schema of assigning counselling assistance, schema of arriving at the result Thus the data processing identifies tangible shape format (1001) (1002) (1003) (1101) (1102) (1103) or (1301) (1302) (1303) (1401) (1402) (1403) of both prospective parents & their resultant offspring genetic inheritance pattern (1202) (1204) (1206) (1208) (1210) (1212) (1214) (1216) (1218) counselling assistance information are returned to the application (1505). The application (1505) uses the data and information for storing (1510) and for output (1506). The processed information is digitally displayed but not limited to audio-visual format as output (1506) and output (1506) in the form of machine or manual instructions for crafting and printing of said apparatus of the prospective parent for manual or digital match making. In this embodiment, the apparatus is a software or an application (App) on a computer- implemented medium or an electronic device. Accordingly, any lay person can do the genetic inheritance pattern identification and counselling of prospective parents and does not need any special skill or knowledge of genetics etc. thus making the process handy and extremely easy system and method to implement in the real world. It is to be understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is illustrative of the disclosure and not a limitation. While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the particular features of this disclosure, it will be appreciated that various modifications can be made, and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein. Similarly, additional embodiments and features of the present disclosure will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in art based upon description provided herein. Descriptions of well-known/conventional methods/steps and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. Further, the disclosure herein provides for examples illustrating the above-described embodiments, and in order to illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure certain aspects have been employed. The examples used herein for such illustration are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the following examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein. EXAMPLES Example 1: Genetic Inheritance Pattern (GIP) Cards for sickle cell disease Sickle cell disease (SCD) is prevalent in many tribal areas across India. In SCD, the gene encoding hemoglobin (Hb) A is mutated resulting in sickle-shaped RBCs. The mutant/defective Hb is referred to as HbS. If an individual has one copy of HbS and one copy of HbA, such individual is referred to as carrying sickle cell trait (SCT) and if an individual has two copies of defective gene HbS, such individual is referred to have SCD. The inventors have prepared GIP cards (an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of the present disclosure) for six parent variants for SCD. In particular, three cards are prepared for male variants (homozygous-healthy, heterozygous, or homozygous- diseased) and three cards are prepared for female variants (homozygous-healthy, heterozygous, or homozygous-diseased). Figure 16 shows one side of the cards containing the identifying information of the individuals such as name, gender, date of birth, contact information, blood group, the genetic status with regard to SCD, etc. Figure 17 shows the other side of the card displaying a table containing a list of nine genetic inheritance patterns, corresponding counseling information and an indicator placed next to each genetic inheritance pattern. Circle holes are punched as assertive indicators and a cross-mark placed inside a circle shape is employed as a non-assertive indicator. The placement of assertive and non-assertive indicators for six cards is as shown in Figures 16 and 17. Primary Health Care Centers, government ministry, government health departments, non-government organizations (NGOs) in the target areas will distribute these cards it through their representatives/health care workers to individuals based on their gender and zygosity status for SCD as explained below. For a homozygous-healthy male individual (i.e., an individual having both copies of normal Hb and no SCT/SCD), the card shown in Figure 16(a)/17(a) will be issued. Figure 16(a) shows one side of the card displaying an identifying information of the individual. Figure 17(a) shows the other side of the card displaying a list of nine genetic inheritance patterns, corresponding counseling information and an assertive or non- assertive indicator placed next to appropriate genetic inheritance patterns based on the homozygous-healthy genetic status and the male gender of the individual. For a heterozygous male individual (i.e., an individual having one copy of normal Hb and one copy of defective Hb – an individual with SCT), the card shown in Figure 16(b)/17(b) will be issued. Figure 16(b) shows one side of the card containing an identifying information for the individual. Figure 17(b) shows the other side of the card displaying a list of nine genetic inheritance patterns, corresponding counseling information and an assertive or non-assertive indicator placed next to appropriate genetic inheritance patterns based on the heterozygous genetic status and the male gender of the individual. For a homozygous-diseased male individual (i.e., an individual having both copies of defective Hb – an individual with SCD), the card shown in Figure 16(c)/17(c) will be issued. Figure 16(c) shows one side of the card containing an identifying information of the individual. Figure 17(c) shows the other side of the card displaying a list of nine genetic inheritance patterns, corresponding counseling information and an assertive or non-assertive indicator placed next to appropriate genetic inheritance patterns based on the homozygous-diseased genetic status and the male gender of the individual. For a homozygous-healthy female individual, the card shown in Figure 16(d)/17(d) will be issued. Figure 16(d) shows one side of the card displaying an identifying information of the individual. Figure 17(d) shows the other side of the card displaying a list of nine genetic inheritance patterns, corresponding counseling information and an assertive or non-assertive indicator placed next to appropriate genetic inheritance patterns based on the homozygous-healthy genetic status and the female gender of the individual. For a heterozygous female individual, the card shown in Figure 16(e)/17(e) will be issued. Figure 16(e) shows one side of the card containing an identifying information for the individual. Figure 17(e) shows the other side of the card displaying a list of nine genetic inheritance patterns, corresponding counseling information and an assertive or non-assertive indicator placed next to appropriate genetic inheritance patterns based on the heterozygous genetic status and the female gender of the individual. For a homozygous-diseased female individual, the card shown in Figure 16(f)/17(f) will be issued. Figure 16(f) shows one side of the card containing an identifying information of the individual. Figure 17(f) shows the other side of the card displaying a list of nine genetic inheritance patterns, corresponding counseling information and an assertive or non-assertive indicator placed next to appropriate genetic inheritance patterns based on the homozygous-diseased genetic status and the female gender of the individual. It would be understood that in an alternative embodiment, the cards employed for male individuals (Figure 16(a)-(c)) could be employed for female individuals with the identical zygosity status and the cards employed for female individuals (Figure 16(d)- (f)) could be employed for male individuals with the identical zygosity status. It would also be understood that the column titled “Can Marry?” in Figure 17 could instead be titled as “Can Marry/Can have children” or “Can have children?” When an individual having a GIP card receives a marriage proposal, the individual would request the prospective marriage mate to provide his/her GIP card. The individuals will then superimpose/overlap/align/slide over the two GIP cards. This will result in only a single assertive indicator being displayed on the superimposed/overlapped/aligned/slid over cards (Figure 12 (a)-(c)). The counselling suggestion corresponding to this single assertive indicator will assist the individual make an informed decision about marrying or having children with the prospective marriage mate. For example, if the single assertive indicator after superimposing/aligning/overlapping/sliding over the two cards shows the counselling suggestion as okay to marry or okay to have children, the individual can decide to marry/have children with the prospective mate. If the single assertive indicator after superimposing/aligning/overlapping/sliding over the two cards shows the counselling suggestion as “rethink”, “reconsider”, or “not advisable”, the individual can decide not to marry or marry but not have children with the prospective mate. Thus, merely by superimposing/aligning/overlapping/sliding over the GIP cards, the individuals get a counselling assistance with respect to the genetic inheritance pattern and corresponding recommendation for marriage or childbearing without requiring intervention from a genetic counsellor. The GIP cards of this embodiment make it very easy for a layman to predict the possibility of having diseased children from a prospective mate and accordingly make an informed decision about marrying/having children with the prospective mate. Example 2: Genetic Inheritance Pattern (GIP) Cards for beta thalassemia Thalassemias are inherited blood disorders characterized by decreased hemoglobin production. Thalassemia can cause mild or severe anemia. There are two main types of thalassemia: alpha and beta. Different genes are affected for each type. The severity of alpha and beta thalassemia depends on how many of the four genes for alpha globin or two genes for beta globin are defective/missing. This example illustrates GIP cards for beta-thalassemia. If an individual has one normal copy of β-globin gene and the other copy of β-globin gene is missing or defective, such individual is referred to as having β-thalassemia minor or thalassemia trait. This type is further divided into: thalassemia minima (the individual has a few or no symptoms) and thalassemia intermedia (the individual has moderate to severe anemia even after having one normal copy of β-globin gene). If both copies of the β-globin gene are defective or missing in an individual, such individual is referred to have beta thalassemia major. The GIP cards for six parent variants for beta thalassemia are prepared. In particular, three cards are prepared for male variants (homozygous-healthy, heterozygous, or homozygous-diseased) and three cards are prepared for female variants (homozygous-healthy, heterozygous, or homozygous-diseased). Figure 18 shows one side of the cards containing the identifying information of the individuals such as name gender date of birth contact information blood group the genetic status with regard to beta thalassemia, etc. Figure 19 shows the other side of the card displaying a table containing a list of nine genetic inheritance patterns, corresponding counseling information and an indicator placed next to each genetic inheritance pattern. Circular holes are punched as assertive indicators and a cross-mark placed inside a circle shape is employed as a non-assertive indicator. The placement of assertive and non-assertive indicators for six cards is as shown in Figures 18 and 19. Primary Health Care Centers, government ministry, government health departments, non-government organizations (NGOs) in the target areas will distribute these cards it through their representatives/health care workers to individuals based on their gender and zygosity status for SCD as explained below. For a homozygous-healthy male individual (i.e., an individual having both copies of normal β-globin gene), the card shown in Figure 18(a)/19(a) will be issued. Figure 18(a) shows one side of the card displaying an identifying information of the individual. Figure 19(a) shows the other side of the card displaying a list of nine genetic inheritance patterns, corresponding counseling information and an assertive or non- assertive indicator placed next to appropriate genetic inheritance patterns based on the homozygous-healthy genetic status and the male gender of the individual. For a heterozygous male individual (i.e., an individual having one copy of normal β- globin gene and the second copy of β-globin gene missing or defective – an individual with beta thalassemia minor), the card shown in Figure 18(b)/19(b) will be issued. Figure 18(b) shows one side of the card containing an identifying information for the individual. Figure 19(b) shows the other side of the card displaying a list of nine genetic inheritance patterns, corresponding counseling information and an assertive or non- assertive indicator placed next to appropriate genetic inheritance patterns based on the heterozygous genetic status and the male gender of the individual. For a homozygous-diseased male individual (i.e., an individual with both copies of β- globin gene missing or defective – an individual with SCD), the card shown in Figure 18(c)/19(c) will be issued. Figure 18(c) shows one side of the card containing an identifying information of the individual. Figure 19(c) shows the other side of the card displaying a list of nine genetic inheritance patterns, corresponding counseling information and an assertive or non-assertive indicator placed next to appropriate genetic inheritance patterns based on the homozygous-diseased genetic status and the male gender of the individual. For a homozygous-healthy female individual, the card shown in Figure 18(d)/19(d) will be issued. Figure 18(d) shows one side of the card displaying an identifying information of the individual. Figure 19(d) shows the other side of the card displaying a list of nine genetic inheritance patterns, corresponding counseling information and an assertive or non-assertive indicator placed next to appropriate genetic inheritance patterns based on the homozygous-healthy genetic status and the female gender of the individual. For a heterozygous female individual, the card shown in Figure 18(e)/19(e) will be issued. Figure 18(e) shows one side of the card containing an identifying information for the individual. Figure 19(e) shows the other side of the card displaying a list of nine genetic inheritance patterns, corresponding counseling information and an assertive or non-assertive indicator placed next to appropriate genetic inheritance patterns based on the heterozygous genetic status and the female gender of the individual. For a homozygous-diseased female individual, the card shown in Figure 18(f)/19(f) will be issued. Figure 18(f) shows one side of the card containing an identifying information of the individual. Figure 19(f) shows the other side of the card displaying a list of nine genetic inheritance patterns, corresponding counseling information and an assertive or non-assertive indicator placed next to appropriate genetic inheritance patterns based on the homozygous-diseased genetic status and the female gender of the individual. It would be understood that in an alternative embodiment, the cards employed for male individuals (Figure 18(a)-(c)) could be employed for female individuals with the identical zygosity status and the cards employed for female individuals (Figure 18(d)- (f)) could be employed for male individuals with the identical zygosity status. It would also be understood that the column titled “Can Marry?” in Figure 19 could instead be titled as “Can Marry/Can have children” or “Can have children?” When an individual having a GIP card receives a marriage proposal, the individual would request the prospective marriage mate to provide his/her GIP card. The individuals will then superimpose/overlap/align/slide over the two GIP cards. This will result in only a single assertive indicator being displayed on the superimposed/overlapped/aligned/slid over cards (Figure 12 (a)-(c)). The counselling suggestion corresponding to this single assertive indicator will assist the individual make an informed decision about marrying or having children with the prospective marriage mate. For example, if the single assertive indicator after superimposing/aligning/overlapping/sliding over the two cards shows the counselling suggestion as okay to marry or okay to have children, the individual can decide to marry/have children with the prospective mate. If the single assertive indicator after superimposing/aligning/overlapping/sliding over the two cards shows the counselling suggestion as “rethink”, “reconsider”, or “not advisable”, the individual can decide not to marry or marry but not have children with the prospective mate. Thus, merely by superimposing/aligning/overlapping/sliding over the GIP cards, the individuals get a counselling assistance with respect to the genetic inheritance pattern and corresponding recommendation for marriage or childbearing without requiring intervention from a genetic counsellor. The GIP cards of this embodiment make it very easy for a layman to predict the possibility of having diseased children from a prospective mate and accordingly make an informed decision about marrying/having children with the prospective mate. While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above described embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention. LIST OF TERMS & THEIR DEFINITION: 1. Genetics: Genetics is a branch of biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. 2. Inheritance: Genetic inheritance occurs due to genetic material in the form of DNA being passed from parents to their offspring. 3. Chromosome: In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. 4. Gene: A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA. 5. Gamete: Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells. 6. Offspring: The product of the reproductive processes of living things. 7. Allele: each of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. 8. Heterozygous: having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes (i.e., one copy codes for a normal/healthy protein and the other copy codes for a mutant protein). 9. Homozygous: having identical alleles at corresponding chromosome. 10. Homozygous-healthy: an individual with two identical healthy/normal alleles (i.e., both copies of the gene code for a healthy/normal protein) at corresponding chromosomes. 11. Homozygous-diseased: an individual with two identical mutant alleles (i.e., both copies of the gene code for a mutant protein) at corresponding chromosomes. 12. Genotype: A genotype is an organism’s set of heritable genes that is passed down from parents to offspring. 13. Phenotype: the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. 14. Dominant gene: Dominant genes are a result of dominant alleles in chromosomes. When an allele is dominant it is expressed in the phenotype over a recessive allele. 15. Recessive gene: A recessive gene is a gene whose effects are masked in the presence of a dominant gene. A recessive gene is only expressed when an organism has two recessive alleles for that gene. 16. Counselling: the provision of professional assistance and guidance in resolving problems.

Claims

We Claim: 1. An apparatus for assisting an individual predict a genetic inheritance pattern of putative progeny with a second individual for a genetically inherited disorder, said apparatus comprising at least two sides, one of the sides displaying following nine genetic inheritance patterns of progeny listed in any order and corresponding counselling for marriage compatibility or childbearing, in a language of choice:

, wherein an assertive indicator is placed next to three of the nine genetic inheritance patterns based on a zygosity of the individual for said genetically inherited disease and a non-assertive indicator is placed next to remaining six of the nine genetic inheritance patterns. 2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the assertive indicator is an opening, a transparent shape, or a protrusion. 3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the opening is a hole, slit, or window. 4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the opening has a shape selected from the group consisting of a circle, an oval, a triangle, a square, a rectangle, a rhombus, a parallelogram, a pentagon, a hexagon, and an octagon. 5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the transparent shape is selected from the group consisting of a circle, an oval, a triangle, a square, a rectangle, a rhombus, a parallelogram, a pentagon, a hexagon, and an octagon. 6. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, wherein the non-assertive indicator comprises a cross-mark. 7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the cross-mark is placed inside a shape that is same as the shape of the assertive indicator. 8. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1-7, wherein the three genetic inheritance patterns with the assertive indicator next to each of them are selected from: a. All Normal children, 50% Normal, 50% Carrier children, and All Carrier children; b. 50% Normal, 50% Carrier children, 25% Diseased children, 50% Carrier, 25% Normal, and 50% Diseased children, 50% Carrier Children; and c. All Carrier children, 50% Diseased children, 50% Carrier Children, and All Diseased children. 9. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, wherein if the zygosity of said individual for said genetically inherited disease is homozygous-healthy, the three genetic inheritance patterns with the assertive indicator next to each of them are: All Normal children, 50% Normal, 50% Carrier children, and All Carrier children. 10. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, wherein if the zygosity of said individual for said genetically inherited disease is heterozygous, the three genetic inheritance patterns with the assertive indicator next to each of them are: 50% Normal, 50% Carrier children, 25% Diseased children, 50% Carrier, 25% Normal, and 50% Diseased children, 50% Carrier Children. 11. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, wherein if the zygosity of said individual for said genetically inherited disease is homozygous-diseased, the three genetic inheritance patterns with an assertive indicator next to each of them are: All Carrier children, 50% Diseased children, 50% Carrier Children, and All Diseased children. 12. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, wherein if the zygosity of said individual for said genetically inherited disease is homozygous-healthy, the nine genetic inheritance patterns displayed on one side of the apparatus are:

, wherein the nine genetic inheritance patterns are displayed in the order shown above and the assertive indicator next to each of the three genetic inheritance patterns has a circle shape and the non-assertive indicator placed next to each of remaining six genetic inheritance patterns has a cross-mark placed inside a circle shape. 13. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, wherein if the zygosity of said individual for said genetically inherited disease is homozygous-healthy, the nine genetic inheritance patterns displayed on one side of the apparatus are:

, wherein the nine genetic inheritance patterns are displayed in the order shown above and the assertive indicator next to each of the three genetic inheritance patterns has a circle shape and the non-assertive indicator placed next to each of remaining six genetic inheritance patterns has a cross-mark placed inside a circle shape next to each of them. 14. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, wherein if the zygosity of said individual for said genetically inherited disease is heterozygous, the nine genetic inheritance patterns displayed on one side of the apparatus are:

, wherein the nine genetic inheritance patterns are displayed in the order shown above and the assertive indicator next to each of the three genetic inheritance patterns has a circle shape and the non-assertive indicator placed next to each of remaining six genetic inheritance patterns has a cross-mark placed inside a circle shape. 15. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, wherein if the zygosity of said individual for said genetically inherited disease is heterozygous, the nine genetic inheritance patterns displayed on one side of the apparatus are:

, wherein the nine genetic inheritance patterns are displayed in the order shown above and the assertive indicator next to each of the three genetic inheritance patterns has a circle shape and the non-assertive indicator placed next to each of remaining six genetic inheritance patterns has a cross-mark placed inside a circle shape. 16. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, wherein if the zygosity of said individual for said genetically inherited disease is homozygous-diseased, the nine genetic inheritance patterns displayed on one side of the apparatus are:

, wherein the nine genetic inheritance patterns are displayed in the order shown above and the assertive indicator next to each of the three genetic inheritance patterns has a circle shape and the non-assertive indicator placed next to each of remaining six genetic inheritance patterns has a cross-mark placed inside a circle shape. 17. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, wherein if the zygosity of said individual for said genetically inherited disease is homozygous-diseased, the nine genetic inheritance patterns displayed on one side of the apparatus are:

, wherein the nine genetic inheritance patterns are displayed in the order shown above and the assertive indicator next to each of the three genetic inheritance patterns has a circle shape and the non-assertive indicator placed next to each of remaining six genetic inheritance patterns has a cross-mark placed inside a circle shape. 18. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1-17, wherein said apparatus, upon superimposing with an apparatus for the second individual comprising a genetic inheritance pattern of progeny based on the zygosity of the second individual for said genetically inherited disorder, assists the individual arrive at a single genetic inheritance pattern of progeny out of the nine genetic inheritance patterns and make an informed decision about marrying or childbearing with the second individual based on said single genetic inheritance pattern. 19. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1-18, wherein said genetically inherited disorder is an autosomal recessive disorder. 20. The apparatus as claimed in claim 19, wherein the autosomal recessive disorder is selected from sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, thalassemia, or a combination thereof. 21. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1-20, wherein the apparatus is a card, a badge, a box, a software on a computer-implemented medium, or an application on a computer-implemented medium. 22. A method for assisting an individual predict a genetic inheritance pattern of progeny with a second individual with respect to a genetically inherited disorder, said method comprising matching the apparatus of the individual as claimed in any one of claims 1-21 with an apparatus for the second individual to arrive at a single genetic inheritance pattern of progeny and making an informed decision about marrying or childbearing with the second individual based on said single genetic inheritance pattern. 23. The method as claimed in claim 22, wherein said matching is superimposing, aligning, overlapping, or sliding the apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1-21 with the apparatus for the second individual. 24. The method as claimed in claim 22 or 23, wherein the apparatus is a card, a badge, or a box. 25. The method as claimed in any one of claims 22-24, wherein the genetically inherited disorder is an autosomal recessive disorder. 26. The method as claimed in claim 25, wherein the autosomal recessive disorder is selected from sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, thalassemia, or a combination thereof.