WO2022114998A1 - Способ футеровки катодного устройства электролизера для получения алюминия - Google Patents
Способ футеровки катодного устройства электролизера для получения алюминия Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022114998A1 WO2022114998A1 PCT/RU2021/050344 RU2021050344W WO2022114998A1 WO 2022114998 A1 WO2022114998 A1 WO 2022114998A1 RU 2021050344 W RU2021050344 W RU 2021050344W WO 2022114998 A1 WO2022114998 A1 WO 2022114998A1
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- cathode
- layers
- lining
- refractory
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
- C25C7/025—Electrodes; Connections thereof used in cells for the electrolysis of melts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/02—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of light metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the invention relates to non-ferrous metallurgy, in particular to the production of primary aluminum, and can be used for lining cathode devices of electrolyzers
- the process of aluminum electrolysis is carried out in the working space of the cathode devices of the electrolyzer (electrolysis bath), protected from the sides from the environment by side lining blocks, from above - by anode, and from below - by cathode hearth blocks.
- Cathode 15 hearth blocks which are the hearth, are located on layers of lining barrier / refractory materials that protect the underlying lining heat-insulating materials from chemical and thermal effects, which are necessary to ensure the required electrolysis temperatures in the working space of the cathode 20 device.
- Onboard lining blocks, hearth blocks, as well as layers of refractory and heat-insulating materials are placed in a casing, usually metal, of the cathode device.
- the space between the cathode blocks, as well as between them and the onboard blocks, is filled with carbon ramming mass, after which the entire structure of the cathode device 25 is subjected to monolithic firing.
- a feature of the operation of electrolyzers is the penetration of electrolyte components into the cathode space located under the cathode hearth blocks and limited from the ends of the device by the side walls of its casing, and from below by the bottom.
- This feature of zo is due to the heterogeneity of hearth blocks and lining materials. In the process of long-term operation, this effect causes a number of changes and deformations, in particular, a slow rise of the hearth is observed, which, in addition to affecting the deformation of the casings, leads to bending of the cathode rods, an increase in the electrical resistance of the cathode blocks, the appearance of cracks in them and, as a result, the need to turn off individual bathrooms for major repairs.
- barrier materials One of the main reactions occurring in barrier materials is the formation of albite Na 2 0*A 0 3 * 6S1O 2 or with an excess of nepheline fluoride salts Na 2 0*A 0 3 * 2S1O 2 :
- barrier materials become more and more saturated with sodium fluoride to form strong conglomerates.
- Newly supplied portions of NaF form salt lenses on top of the barrier layers, the main components of which are sodium fluoride, cryolite, and sodium aluminates.
- the formation of salt lenses between the sole (lower surface) of the hearth and the upper surface of the barrier (refractory) materials results in vertical forces that bend the cathode blocks and tear the cathode rods from the cathode blocks.
- the electrical resistance of the cathode block increases, and energy consumption for aluminum production increases.
- a continuous increase in the thickness of the salt lenses leads to appearance of cracks in the cathode blocks and emergency shutdown of electrolytic cells.
- Spent lining materials containing a large amount of toxic water-soluble fluorides, the amount of which reaches 40% of the total mass of waste, are to be stored at specially equipped landfills in special concrete structures that protect waste from precipitation. This increases the cost of waste storage and does not solve the main problem - the elimination of environmental pollution.
- a known method of lining the cathode part of an aluminum electrolyzer including backfilling on the bottom of granulated alumina or other heat-insulating material, followed by laying a layer of high-temperature fibrous material of aluminosilicate composition in the form of plates or blankets, in the cut of which granulated broken calcium glass is placed -sodium composition with a relatively low melting point (below 800°C).
- a relatively low melting point below 800°C
- the glassy material In the process of operation, the glassy material must be transformed as a result of interaction with high-temperature fibrous material into nepheline (HarC ⁇ AbO3* 2S1O 2 ) or albite (HarC ⁇ AbO3* 6S1O 2 ).
- the disadvantage of this method of lining is the impossibility of recycling (reuse) of spent materials, the risk of deformation of the combined barrier layer and the appearance of cracks from the bottom of the hearth block.
- the presence of calcium in the glass reduces the temperature of the barrier composition, which, together with the continuous supply of sodium, will lead to a strong decrease in the melting temperature, the displacement of the solidus isotherm first into the thermal insulation layer, and then, as the thermal insulation properties of the lining are lost, to the reverse movement of the isotherm, up to before it enters the hearth blocks, where salts crystallize, which violate the integrity of the hearth blocks.
- a known method of lining the cathode device of an aluminum electrolyzer including backfilling on the bottom of a heat-insulating layer of non-graphitized carbon or its mixture with powder of aluminosilicate or alumina composition, laying on the surface of the heat-insulating layer of refractory powder of aluminosilicate material, while the porosity of heat-insulating and refractory layers increases from the upper sublayer to the lower one, and the ratio of the thicknesses of the refractory and heat-insulating layers is 1:(1 -3).
- the non-graphitized carbon at the bottom of the cathode space retains its original properties and can be reused.
- a known method and device for forming one or more lining layers in the cathode casing of an aluminum electrolyzer which includes filling one or more layers of at least one lining material on the bottom of the cathode casing with the distribution of each layer over the surface of the cathode casing and leveling, characterized in that filling the layer of lining material is carried out simultaneously with the distribution and alignment of the layer over the surface of the cathode casing by means of a tape-roller shutter, while the alignment is carried out according to a given level, determined by the plane of the upper edge of the cathode casing of the aluminum electrolytic cell, while sequentially forming one or more lining layers with the same or different given by technology physical and working properties.
- Closest to the claimed invention in terms of technical essence is a method of lining the cathode device of an electrolytic cell for producing aluminum using a barrier made of thermally expanding graphite with a metal substrate (US4,175,022, 04/25/1997), including laying thermal insulation on the bottom of the casing and along its sides, distribution alumina or other appropriate refractory powder on the surface of the heat-insulating layer, laying graphite foil with a metal substrate directly on the heat-insulating layers and subsequent laying of the refractory layer, installing hearth and side blocks, followed by sealing the seams between them with cold-filled hearth mass and monolithic firing.
- a barrier made of thermally expanding graphite with a metal substrate US4,175,022, 04/25/1997)
- Graphite foil provides excellent protection against cryolite migration, its decomposition products and other aggressive components of the electrolyzer bath, with the exception of sodium.
- the graphite foil can be used separately from the steel sheet, but it is preferable to use it with the metal sheets used as the substrate. In this combination, the metal sheets are sodium-tight and the foil protects the underlying materials from other aggressive components.
- the disadvantage of this lining method is that the metal-backed graphite foil only protects the heat-insulating material layer.
- the overlying refractory layer reacts with penetrating fluoride salts to form, during dismantling, strong conglomerates that need to be safely stored, since there is currently no method for their subsequent cost-effective use.
- a disadvantage of using foils in cathode devices with molded liners is their very strong bond to underlying bricks, probably due to carbon diffusion. With temperature cycling, this leads to numerous cracks at the boundaries of individual bricks, which reduces the effectiveness of the foil barrier.
- unshaped lining materials with their subsequent pressing directly in the base, mechanical damage to the foil is inevitable. Separate compaction of the layers leads to insufficient compaction of the upper refractory layers and overconsolidation of the lower zones of the cathode space.
- the invention is based on the task of developing a method for lining the cathode device of the electrolyzer for aluminum production, as a result of which the barrier properties of the lining of the cathode device of the electrolytic cell are improved and the possibility of recycling spent lining materials is provided, which ultimately leads to a decrease in environmental pollution.
- the technical result, to which the claimed invention is directed, is to reduce the amount of fluoride salts that penetrate into the base of the cathode device and destroy it, to increase the environmental safety of primary aluminum production due to the reduction in the amount of waste generated during aluminum production, which pose a threat to the environment and must be disposed of after dismantling. electrolyzer.
- the reduction of waste also entails obtaining an economic effect in the form of a reduction in financial costs for the purchase of new lining materials due to their reuse, and, consequently, a reduction in the cost of aluminum.
- the use of recycling in the electrolytic production of aluminum largely solves the problems of environmental safety.
- the proposed method for lining the cathode device of an electrolytic cell for aluminum production includes forming a heat-insulating layer on the bottom, installing a lower barrier layer of graphite foil on it in a lining of layers of superhard fiber boards (HDF), forming at least one refractory layer over these layers, installing on of the upper barrier layer of graphite foil in a lining of layers of superhard fiberboards, followed by simultaneous pressing of all the formed layers until the upper surface of the upper layer of the fiberboard lining coincides with the plane of the lower cut of the windows of the cathode rods, as well as formation of a leveling refractory layer up to 20-30 mm thick above the top layer of the fiberboard lining.
- HDF superhard fiber boards
- the barrier layer is made of graphite foil in a lining of layers of fibreboard, i.e. foil placed between superhard (density 950 kg/m fibreboard (MDF).
- a seamless graphite foil with dimensions corresponding to the cross section of the cathode device can be used.
- the bottom and top sheets of the superhard fiberboards of the lining can be butt-joined with gluing the joints with adhesive tape.
- the heat-insulating layer may consist of non-graphitized carbon or its mixture with a powder of aluminosilicate or alumina composition.
- non-graphitized carbon for example, soot, charcoal, sawdust, pyrolysis products of cereal stems or brown coal semi-coke can be used.
- Refractory layers in addition to the leveling refractory layer, can be from one to three, each of which is separated from the next by a barrier layer of graphite foil in a lining of sheets of superhard fiberboards.
- the refractory layer may consist of refractory materials in the form aluminosilicate powders or alumina.
- Vibrocompression is carried out in order to compact a layer of materials, as a result of which this layer shrinks to the required level, in the inventive method - until the surface of the uppermost layer of superhard fiberboards is aligned with the plane of the lower horizontal cut of the windows for cathode rods.
- graphite foil with a density of 1.26 g/cm 3 and a thickness of 0.3 mm.
- Under the lining in the present invention refers to the structure of the protection of the foil from mechanical damage, in which the foil sheet is sandwiched between sheets of fibreboard (MDF).
- MDF fibreboard
- Fibreboard also called hardboard
- hardboard is a sheet material made by hot pressing or drying a carpet of wood fibers with the introduction, if necessary, of binders and special additives.
- fiberboard There are several types of fiberboard from soft to extra hard.
- Super hard fiberboard is fiberboard with a density of 950 kg/m 3 or higher.
- the fiberboard density is lower than declared, then the fiberboard sheets may be damaged during operation, if more, then the weight of the fiberboard will increase and there will be difficulties in cutting the sheets when fitting to the dimensions of the working space of the cathode device, as well as working with them.
- the optimal thickness of these fiberboards should be 2-4 mm. If the fiberboard thickness is less than the specified value, then the rigidity of the sheets decreases and they cease to function as an intermediate elastic layer, as a result of which, when pressing the entire array of lining materials, not only the upper refractory, but also the lower heat-insulating layers are compacted, and this reduces the thermal resistance of the cathode . Since the thermal insulation layer must have a low density in order to fulfill its function of thermal insulation, an increase in its density leads to a decrease in thermal insulation properties. With higher thickness of the fiberboard sheets used in the present invention, they become heavier and more expensive.
- the cathode rods for current supply are located in the grooves of the lower part of the cathode blocks on their two sides and are brought out of the cathode casing due to rectangular windows cut out in the casing.
- the rods are fixed in the cathode blocks during the preliminary operations of pouring with cast iron or stuffing the contact mass. In this case, the length of the cathode blocks with installed cathode rods is greater than the width of the cathode.
- the cathode block is tilted at an angle of 20-45 degrees to its horizontal axis, and one of the cathode rods is inserted into the window until the cathode block touches the casing wall, after which the second cathode rod is lowered, directed to the opposite window, and the symmetrical arrangement of the cathode block is positioned in a horizontal position.
- both the axes and the cuts of the top and bottom of the window must be located in parallel planes.
- the "lower cut of the window” refers to the lower horizontal plane of the rectangular window in which the cathode rod is located.
- Shrinkage of the upper surface of the uppermost layer of superhard fiberboards until aligned with the plane of the lower cut of the windows of the cathode rods is purposefully performed.
- heat-insulating and refractory materials are sequentially poured into the casing and horizontally leveled, followed by compaction / pressing and shrinkage of the entire array of materials using the method and equipment described, for example, in patents RU2553145 (C1), 2015; US9,822,457, 2017; CN104937143, 2015; CA2,889,749, 2017. Compaction modes are selected in such a way that, as a result of shrinkage, the upper plane of the refractory material is aligned with the plane in which the lower horizontal sections of the windows are located in casing of the cathode device.
- a thin (20-30 mm) layer of leveling refractory material is poured onto the upper surface of the layer of refractory material in such a way that after installing the cathode hearth block, the cathode rods do not touch the casing at the point of their exit outside the casing, and the upper surfaces of the cathode blocks were in the same horizontal plane.
- a seamless graphite foil with dimensions corresponding to the cross-sectional area of the cathode device, and to prevent shifting relative to each other, the facing sheets of superhard fiberboards, both lower and upper, are butted to each other. , gluing the joints (joints) with adhesive tape.
- the permeability coefficient included in equation (2) depends on the size and number of pores and can be estimated from structural parameters: open porosity, pore size distribution, and tortuosity coefficient of pores.
- the permeability coefficient can be be determined by dependency: where P - porosity; d - pore size, m, k - permeability coefficient.
- barrier lining materials including graphite foil
- pore size distributions i.e. Dependences of the number (volume, mass) of particles or pores on their sizes in the material under study
- the range of pore sizes of such materials can be conventionally divided into three regions.
- the pressure gradient is mainly due to hydrostatic and gravitational forces.
- capillary forces begin to appear. Due to the potential energy of the field of capillary forces, the pressure gradient is much higher than for large pores, and such capillaries are able to intensively absorb molten fluoride salts.
- lining the foil on top and bottom with superhard fiberboards has three goals.
- the first purpose is to protect the foil from mechanical damage from particles of unshaped lining material.
- the second goal is to provide functionally graded properties of the cathode space - high density of the upper layers of refractory materials and a loose structure in the lower layers of thermal insulation.
- the third purpose of lining the foil with superhard fiberboards is that after the pyrolysis of the boards, which occurs as a result of the operation of the electrolyzer, they turn into carbon layers and, thus, the foil is additionally protected from oxidation, which is of particular importance in emergency situations, for example, during breakthrough into the cathode space of oxygen-containing fluoride salts.
- the method of lining the cathode device of the electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum is as follows:
- a heat-insulating layer of lining material is formed (filled and leveled);
- sheets of superhard fiberboards are laid end-to-end, optionally with subsequent gluing of the joints with adhesive tape;
- sheets of superhard fibreboard are again laid end-to-end, optionally with subsequent gluing of the joints with adhesive tape;
- a refractory layer of lining material is poured onto the surface of sheets of superhard fiberboards and leveled;
- a leveling layer of refractory material 20-30 mm thick is mounted on the compacted surface, which allows the upper surfaces of the cathode blocks to be located in one plane and to ensure the positioning of the cathode rods without their touching the casing on the plane of the lower cut of the window.
- the leveling layer also performs another function - the rapid formation of a viscous layer that delays the penetration of fluoride salts and sodium into the underlying materials.
- FIG. 1 shows a view of the cell after a 24-hour test of graphite foil for chemical resistance to aggressive components - fluoride salts, aluminum and sodium: on the left - a cross section, on the right - a three-dimensional image of the test cell, where 1 is a graphite crucible; 2 - electrolyte; 3 - aluminum; 4 - graphite foil; 5 - fireclay brick.
- FIG. Figure 2 shows a graph of the dynamics of changes in the difference in the consumption of aluminum fluoride in typical and experimental electrolyzers using graphite foil.
- FIG. 3 shows a general view of the cross section of a cathode device with graphite foil and unshaped lining materials with a service life of ⁇ 2400 days.
- FIG. Figure 4 shows a graph of the change in the thickness of the lens of fluoride salts over time according to SINTEF (a laboratory in Norway that studies processes in cathode devices).
- FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a cathode device with layers of heat-insulating and refractory material containing several barrier layers of graphite foil in a lining of superhard fiberboards.
- FIG. 6 shows the layout of the cathode rod in the casing window 9 (side view).
- the design of the cathode device (figure 5) provides on the bottom of the formed heat-insulating layer 1 of non-graphitized carbon, intended for further reuse and for this covered on top with a barrier layer 3 of graphite foil in a lining of superhard fiberboards forming layers 2.
- the heat-insulating layer 1 of non-graphitized carbon is covered on top with a layer 2 of superhard fibreboard, on which is laid a layer of foil 3, which is also covered with a layer 2 of superhard fibreboard.
- a layer 2 of superhard fibreboard Above said layer 2 is at least one refractory layer 4, which is also covered on top with a barrier layer 3 of foil in a lining of layers 2 of superhard fibreboards.
- a leveling refractory layer 4 of refractory material is poured onto the topmost layer 2 of fiberboard, which allows you to place the upper surfaces of the cathode blocks in the same plane and protects the cathode rods 8 from contact with the casing 9 in the place of their exit from the casing 9 to the outside.
- the formation of the barrier layer 3 is performed as follows.
- the foil roll is placed at the end wall of the cathode device and rolled out, approaching the opposite end wall, where 5 the remaining material is cut off.
- the number of combined refractory layers 4, in addition to the leveling refractory layer 4, can be one or more, for example, two or three layers, this is determined by the technical and economic parameters of both the units involved in the repair and operation of the pots.
- An increase in the number of combined refractory layers 4 reduces the amount of fluoride salts penetrating into the base of the cathode device, but causes additional costs for the purchase of foil, fiberboard, labor costs for the installation of barrier layers 3.
- the installation of additional barrier layers 15 3 increases the repair time of the cells, which leads to to reduce the production of aluminum.
- Refractory layer 4 with high density and cryolite resistance is designed to form a viscous glass that slows down the penetration of the liquid phase of the electrolyte into the lower part of the cathode device.
- This layer 20 4 actively reacts with sodium, reduces the intensity of cyanide formation in the underlying heat-insulating layer 1.
- an elastic tape (shelter) is rolled out and, using a vibropress 25 installation, all formed layers of the cathode space are pressed, achieving the coincidence of the upper surface of the upper layer 2 of sheets of superhard fiberboards with the plane of the lower cut 10 windows of the cathode rods 8.
- Cathode hearth blocks 5 are installed on a compacted plinth of 3 heat-insulating 1 and refractory 4 layers, laid as described above, and connected with a seam 6 of rammed carbon mass with onboard blocks 7.
- cathode rods 8 are installed, fixed with a casting of cast iron.
- the entire lining structure is located in the cathode casing 9.
- tests of graphite foil were carried out. To do this, Graflex GF-1V-1.3 03*150*1740 graphite foil was used, obtained according to TU 5728-040-13267785-05. For research, foil with a density of 1.26 g/cm3 and a thickness of 0.3 mm was used. The properties of the studied foil are shown in Table 1.
- the foil was subjected to tests for chemical resistance as a result of the combined action of aluminum, sodium and electrolyte according to the method of A. Tabereaux on the installation described in the publication "Testing of barrier materials for cryolite resistance: methodology and work experience. /I.Yu. Patrakhin, A.M. Pogodaev, A.V. Proshkin., P.V. Polyakov and others / - In Sat. “Aluminum of Siberia 2005, pp. 331-338. Laboratory testing of the foil was carried out in graphite crucibles, in which samples of traditional lining materials - chamotte bricks - were placed.
- the thickness of the lens formed directly under the cathode block was only 45-65 mm, which is much less than ⁇ 100 mm, achieved in cathode devices without the use of foil in a fiberboard lining with the same service life according to the SINTEF laboratory (Fig. 4) .
- the concentration of cyanides when using foil was only a few ppm.
- the proposed method of lining allows to reduce the amount of waste generated during the dismantling of the cathode device and improve the environmental safety of primary aluminum production.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18/038,670 US12331418B2 (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2021-10-18 | Method for lining a cathode assembly of an electrolysis cell for producing aluminum |
| EP21898790.7A EP4253607A4 (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2021-10-18 | Method for lining a cathode arrangement of an electrolysis cell for the production of aluminum |
| CN202180078673.7A CN116583630A (zh) | 2020-11-25 | 2021-10-18 | 用于生产铝的电解槽的阴极组件的衬里配置方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU2020138638 | 2020-11-25 | ||
| RU2020138638A RU2754560C1 (ru) | 2020-11-25 | 2020-11-25 | Способ футеровки катодного устройства электролизера для получения алюминия |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2022114998A1 true WO2022114998A1 (ru) | 2022-06-02 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/RU2021/050344 Ceased WO2022114998A1 (ru) | 2020-11-25 | 2021-10-18 | Способ футеровки катодного устройства электролизера для получения алюминия |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12331418B2 (ru) |
| EP (1) | EP4253607A4 (ru) |
| CN (1) | CN116583630A (ru) |
| RU (1) | RU2754560C1 (ru) |
| WO (1) | WO2022114998A1 (ru) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4175022A (en) | 1977-04-25 | 1979-11-20 | Union Carbide Corporation | Electrolytic cell bottom barrier formed from expanded graphite |
| US4411758A (en) | 1981-09-02 | 1983-10-25 | Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation | Electrolytic reduction cell |
| US6258224B1 (en) * | 1998-12-16 | 2001-07-10 | Alcan International Limited | Multi-layer cathode structures |
| CN1928161A (zh) * | 2006-08-11 | 2007-03-14 | 王文 | 铝电解槽用侧部内衬及废阴极在制备其侧部内衬中的应用 |
| CA2889749A1 (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2014-05-01 | Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoy Otvetstvennost'yu "Obedinennaya Kompaniya Rusal Inzhenerno- Tekhnologicheskiy Tsentr" | Method and apparatus for lining the cathode of the electrolytic cell |
| RU2606374C1 (ru) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-01-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" | Способ футеровки катодного устройства электролизера |
| RU2608942C1 (ru) | 2015-09-10 | 2017-01-26 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" | Катодная футеровка электролизера производства первичного алюминия |
| RU2667270C1 (ru) | 2017-10-19 | 2018-09-18 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" | Способ формирования футеровочных слоев в катодном кожухе алюминиевых электролизеров и устройство для его осуществления |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2900665B1 (fr) * | 2006-05-03 | 2008-06-27 | Carbone Savoie Soc Par Actions | Cuve d'electrolyse d'obtention d'aluminium |
| RU2614357C2 (ru) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-03-24 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" | Способ футеровки катодного устройства электролизера для получения первичного алюминия (варианты) |
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2020
- 2020-11-25 RU RU2020138638A patent/RU2754560C1/ru active
-
2021
- 2021-10-18 EP EP21898790.7A patent/EP4253607A4/en active Pending
- 2021-10-18 WO PCT/RU2021/050344 patent/WO2022114998A1/ru not_active Ceased
- 2021-10-18 US US18/038,670 patent/US12331418B2/en active Active
- 2021-10-18 CN CN202180078673.7A patent/CN116583630A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4175022A (en) | 1977-04-25 | 1979-11-20 | Union Carbide Corporation | Electrolytic cell bottom barrier formed from expanded graphite |
| US4411758A (en) | 1981-09-02 | 1983-10-25 | Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation | Electrolytic reduction cell |
| US6258224B1 (en) * | 1998-12-16 | 2001-07-10 | Alcan International Limited | Multi-layer cathode structures |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4253607A4 (en) | 2025-06-18 |
| EP4253607A1 (en) | 2023-10-04 |
| US20240011177A1 (en) | 2024-01-11 |
| RU2754560C1 (ru) | 2021-09-03 |
| US12331418B2 (en) | 2025-06-17 |
| CN116583630A (zh) | 2023-08-11 |
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