WO2022185732A1 - 距離画像取得装置および距離画像取得方法 - Google Patents
距離画像取得装置および距離画像取得方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/703—SSIS architectures incorporating pixels for producing signals other than image signals
- H04N25/705—Pixels for depth measurement, e.g. RGBZ
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S17/894—3D imaging with simultaneous measurement of time-of-flight at a 2D array of receiver pixels, e.g. time-of-flight cameras or flash lidar
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/4861—Circuits for detection, sampling, integration or read-out
- G01S7/4863—Detector arrays, e.g. charge-transfer gates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/4865—Time delay measurement, e.g. time-of-flight measurement, time of arrival measurement or determining the exact position of a peak
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/487—Extracting wanted echo signals, e.g. pulse detection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
- H04N25/77—Pixel circuitry, e.g. memories, A/D converters, pixel amplifiers, shared circuits or shared components
- H04N25/771—Pixel circuitry, e.g. memories, A/D converters, pixel amplifiers, shared circuits or shared components comprising storage means other than floating diffusion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
- H04N25/779—Circuitry for scanning or addressing the pixel array
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for acquiring a range image of an object using the time-of-flight method.
- a range image acquisition device using the time-of-flight (TOF) method receives a light pulse that is irradiated onto an object and reflected by the object, and an image of the object is received by an imaging device.
- a distance image of the object is obtained by determining for each of a plurality of pixels on the light-receiving surface the time required for the light pulse output from the light source to be reflected by the object and return to the imaging device. can be obtained.
- the distance image acquisition device of the invention disclosed in Patent Document 1 uses compressed sensing technology when acquiring a distance image of an object by the TOF method.
- a plurality of pixels each including a photodiode are arranged two-dimensionally on the light-receiving surface of the image pickup device, the plurality of pixels are divided into a plurality of groups, and different control patterns are given to the pixels depending on the group. .
- each pixel the charge generated in the photodiode is accumulated in the charge accumulation portion during the period specified by the given control pattern. Then, based on the control pattern given to each pixel and the amount of charge accumulated in the charge accumulation section in each pixel, analysis is performed by compression sensing technology to obtain a range image of the object.
- Patent Document 1 a plurality of pixels on the light-receiving surface of the image sensor are divided into a plurality of groups, and different control patterns are given to the pixels depending on the groups. Get the data you need in a short amount of time. Therefore, according to the present invention, a range image with high temporal resolution can be obtained.
- Patent Document 1 can obtain a range image with high temporal resolution, it has the following problems.
- a plurality of pixels on the light-receiving surface of the image sensor are divided into a plurality of groups, so the number of pixels included in each group is reduced, resulting in a decrease in spatial resolution.
- An object of the embodiments is to provide a device and method that can easily acquire a range image with high spatial resolution using compressed sensing technology.
- the embodiment is a range image acquisition device.
- a range image acquisition device is a device that acquires a range image of an object by the time-of-flight method, and includes (1) a light source that irradiates the object with a light pulse, and (2) the object that is irradiated from the light source to the object. and (3) an imager having a plurality of pixels each including a photodiode arranged on a light-receiving surface for receiving the light pulses that have passed through the imaging optical system. and (4) a control pattern in which the first logical value and the second logical value appear alternately in time from the light pulse output timing of the light source is commonly given to the plurality of pixels, and the photodiode of each of the plurality of pixels.
- a processing unit for obtaining a distance image of an object based on the charge generated in the first charge for accumulating the charge generated in the photodiode during the period in which the control pattern has the first logical value.
- the processing unit calculates the distance to the object by compressive sensing technology based on the amount of charge accumulated by the first charge accumulation unit in each of the plurality of control patterns for each of the plurality of pixels. Ask.
- the embodiment is a distance image acquisition method.
- the distance image acquisition method is a method for acquiring a distance image of an object by a time-of-flight method, comprising (1) a light source that irradiates a light pulse to the object; and (3) an imager having a plurality of pixels each including a photodiode arranged on a light-receiving surface for receiving the light pulses that have passed through the imaging optical system.
- a control pattern in which the first logical value and the second logical value appear alternately in time from the light pulse output timing of the light source is commonly given to the plurality of pixels, and the control pattern is applied to each of the plurality of pixels.
- the distance to the object is obtained by compression sensing technology based on the amount of , and the distance image of the object is obtained.
- the range image acquisition device and range image acquisition method of the embodiment it is possible to easily acquire a range image with high spatial resolution using compression sensing technology.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a distance image acquisition device 1.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of the imaging element 5.
- FIG. 3A and 3B are diagrams schematically showing the configuration of each pixel of the image pickup device 5.
- (a) A diagram showing the circuit configuration of the pixel, and (b) the switch SW1 is in an off state and the switch SW2 is in an on state.
- 4 is a diagram schematically showing how charges generated in the photodiode PD are transferred to the second charge storage unit C2 when .
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing control patterns of a comparative example.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of control patterns in the embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another example of control patterns in the embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another example of control patterns in the embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another example of control patterns in the embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing another example of control patterns in the embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another example of control patterns in the embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing simulation results.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing simulation results.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of the distance image acquisition device 1.
- a distance image acquisition device 1 acquires a distance image of an object by the TOF method, and includes a light source 2, an irradiation optical system 3, an image forming optical system 4, an imaging device 5, and a processing section 6.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of the distance image acquisition device 1.
- a distance image acquisition device 1 acquires a distance image of an object by the TOF method, and includes a light source 2, an irradiation optical system 3, an image forming optical system 4, an imaging device 5, and a processing section 6.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of the distance image acquisition device 1.
- FIG. A distance image acquisition device 1 acquires a distance image of an object by the TOF method, and includes a light source 2, an irradiation optical system 3, an image forming optical system 4, an imaging device 5, and a processing section 6.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of the distance image acquisition device 1.
- the light source 2 outputs a light pulse to irradiate the object.
- the light source 2 outputs optical pulses with a constant pulse width at a constant repetition frequency.
- the light source 2 is arbitrary as long as it can output light pulses, and is, for example, a laser light source or a light emitting diode.
- the irradiation optical system 3 is an optical system that irradiates the object with the light output from the light source 2 .
- the irradiation optical system 3 efficiently irradiates the object with the light.
- the imaging optical system 4 receives a light pulse that is emitted from the light source 2 to the object through the irradiation optical system 3 and is reflected by the object. image on the light-receiving surface of
- the imaging element 5 receives the light pulse reflected by the object and passed through the imaging optical system 4 on the light receiving surface.
- a plurality of pixels are arranged on the light receiving surface of the imaging device 5 .
- Each of the plurality of pixels has a photodiode that generates charge in response to light reception and a charge storage section that stores the charge generated by the photodiode.
- the processing unit 6 gives a control pattern to each of the plurality of pixels of the imaging device 5.
- the control pattern instructs the period for accumulating charges generated in the photodiodes in the charge accumulating portions in each of the plurality of pixels.
- the processing unit 6 obtains a distance image of the object based on the amount of charge generated in the photodiode of each of the plurality of pixels and accumulated in the charge accumulation unit.
- the processing unit 6 may be a computer.
- the processing unit 6 includes a storage unit (e.g., hard disk drive, RAM, ROM, etc.) for storing control patterns, distance images, etc., a display unit (e.g., liquid crystal display, etc.) for displaying control patterns, distance images, etc., and an instruction to start measurement. , an input unit (for example, a keyboard, a mouse, etc.) for receiving input of measurement conditions, etc., and a control unit (for example, CPU, FPGA, etc.) for controlling the operation of the entire apparatus.
- a storage unit e.g., hard disk drive, RAM, ROM, etc.
- a display unit e.g., liquid crystal display, etc.
- an instruction to start measurement for example, a keyboard, a mouse, etc.
- an input unit for example, a keyboard, a mouse, etc.
- a control unit for example, CPU, FPGA, etc.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of the imaging element 5. As shown in FIG.
- the imaging device 5 includes a pixel array section 10 , a row control section 21 , a column control section 31 and a column readout section 32 .
- the pixel array section 10 includes MN pixels P 1,1 to P M,N two-dimensionally arranged in M rows and N columns.
- the MN pixels P 1,1 to P M,N have a common configuration.
- the pixel P m,n is located at the m-th row and the n-th column.
- the pixel P m,n includes a photodiode that generates charge in response to light reception, and one or more charge storage units that store the charge generated by the photodiode.
- M and N are integers of 2 or more.
- m is each integer of 1 or more and M or less.
- n is each integer of 1 or more and N or less.
- the row control unit 21 is connected to N pixels P m,1 to P m,N in the m-th row by an m -th row control line 23m.
- the row control unit 21 supplies the m-th row control signal to the N pixels P m,1 to P m,N on the m-th row through the m -th row control line 23m.
- the row control section 21 designates the row to which the charge accumulated in the charge accumulation section is to be output by the 1st to Mth row control signals.
- the column readout section 32 is connected to M pixels P 1,n to P M,n in the nth column by an nth column output line 34n.
- the column readout section 32 stores the charges in the charge storage section of one of the M pixels P 1,n to P M,n in the n-th column via the n -th column output line 34n. input the charge.
- the column readout section 32 may include a charge amplifier that outputs a voltage value corresponding to the input charge amount, and an AD converter that outputs a digital value corresponding to the voltage value output from the charge amplifier.
- the column control unit 31 causes the column readout unit 32 to sequentially output signals corresponding to the amount of charge input to the column readout unit 32 via the n -th column output line 34n.
- the first to Mth rows are sequentially selected by the first to Mth row control lines 23 1 to 23M output from the row control section 21, and the N lines of the selected rows are selected.
- the charge accumulated in the charge accumulation section in each of the pixels P m,1 to P m,N is output to the first to Nth column output lines 34 1 to 34 N and input to the column readout section 32 .
- the column control unit 31 sequentially outputs signals corresponding to the amount of charge input to the column readout unit 32 via the first to Nth column output lines 34 1 to 34 N from the column readout unit 32. be done.
- control patterns are given to MN pixels P 1,1 to P M,N .
- the control pattern may be provided by the row control section 21 or by another circuit.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of each pixel of the imaging device 5. As shown in FIG. In this figure, each pixel is configured to have two charge storage portions.
- Each pixel includes a photodiode PD that generates a charge in response to light reception, a first charge storage unit C1 and a second charge storage unit C2 that store the charge, and a first charge storage unit C1 that stores the charge generated in the photodiode PD.
- a switch SW1 for transferring the charge generated in the photodiode PD to the second charge storage section C2; and a switch SW2 for transferring the charge generated in the photodiode PD to the second charge storage section C2.
- a switch SW4 for outputting the charge accumulated in the second charge accumulation section C2 to the column output line.
- FIG. 3(a) shows the circuit configuration of a pixel.
- FIG. 3B shows that when the switches SW1, SW3, and SW4 are off and the switch SW2 is on, the charge generated in the photodiode PD is transferred to the second charge storage section C2 via the switch SW2. Schematically shows how it is done. When the charge transfer to the second charge storage section C2 is completed, the switch SW2 is turned off, the switch SW4 is turned on, and the charge stored in the second charge storage section C2 is output to the column output line via the switch SW4. and input to the column reading unit 32 .
- the number of charge storage units may be one, or may be two or more. Any one of the plurality of charge storage units may be used as the charge disposal unit, or a separate charge disposal unit may be provided.
- the charge discarding section accumulates charges generated in the photodiodes during periods when charge accumulation is not instructed by the control pattern, and there is no need to output these charges to the column output lines.
- Each pixel also includes a switch for initializing charge accumulation in each of the charge accumulation portion and the charge disposal portion.
- the imaging device described using FIGS. 2 and 3 is described in Patent Document 2, and is sold as a product as described in Non-Patent Document 1.
- the distance image acquisition device 1 and the distance image acquisition method of the present embodiment use the light source, optical system, and imaging device as described above, and have one of the characteristics in the control pattern. It acquires a range image of an object.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a control pattern of a comparative example.
- the waveform of the irradiation light pulse output from the light source the waveform of the reflected light pulse reaching the image sensor, and the period for accumulating the charge generated in the photodiode in each pixel in the charge accumulation section are shown.
- Instruction control patterns VTX(1) to VTX(8) are shown.
- the waveforms of the illuminating light pulse and the reflected light pulse actually have noise and distortion, they are shown schematically as rectangles in this figure (and the following figures).
- a plurality of (eight in the drawing) control patterns VTX(1) to VTX(8) are prepared. Assuming that the light pulse output timing of the light source is the reference time 0 and the pulse width of the irradiation light pulse is T, the control pattern VTX(k) becomes a logical value H during the period from time (k ⁇ 1)T to time kT. , becomes a logical value L in other periods. k is each integer of 1 or more and 8 or less.
- the charge generated in the photodiode is selectively accumulated in the charge accumulation portion during the period from the time (k ⁇ 1)T, which is the logic value H, to the time kT. , the charge accumulated in the charge accumulation portion is output from the pixel.
- the time difference between the arrival timing of the reflected light pulse and the output timing of the irradiation light pulse can be asked for.
- the control pattern VTX(4) and the control pattern VTX(5) are respectively applied to the pixel, the charge is accumulated in the charge accumulation portion of the pixel. It can be seen that the time difference of the optical pulse arrival timing is in the range of 3T to 5T.
- the reflected light pulse output timing is calculated.
- the time difference between the arrival timings of the optical pulses is detected in more detail. Based on this time difference, the distance to the position corresponding to the pixel in the object can be obtained.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of control patterns in this embodiment.
- the waveform of the irradiation light pulse output from the light source the waveform of the reflected light pulse reaching the image sensor, and the period for accumulating the charge generated in the photodiode in each pixel in the charge accumulation section are shown.
- a commanding control pattern VTX is shown.
- the control pattern VTX is a pattern in which the first logical value and the second logical value appear alternately in time from the light pulse output timing of the light source 2, and is commonly given to a plurality of pixels of the image sensor 5.
- One of the first logic value and the second logic value is logic H and the other is logic L.
- each control pattern has only one period of the logic value H representing the period of charge transfer from the photodiode to the charge storage unit, and the period of the logic value H shifts by time T in order.
- a plurality of control patterns are used.
- the period of the logic value H representing the period of charge transfer from the photodiode to the charge storage unit may be one or plural in each control pattern.
- a plurality of control patterns with different logic value H periods are used.
- the plurality of control patterns used in this embodiment may be randomly set, or may be set based on the Hadamard matrix or the like.
- the reflected light pulse appears within a limited period of time after the light pulse output timing of the light source, and no reflected light is present at other times, so the reflected light intensity as a function of time is It has sparsity. Therefore, by using the compression sensing technique, it is possible to obtain the time from the output timing of the irradiated light pulse to the arrival timing of the reflected light pulse, and to obtain the distance to the object. Also, the number of control patterns required in this embodiment can be reduced compared to the number of control patterns required in the comparative example.
- the processing unit 6 performs compression sensing based on the amount of charge accumulated by the charge accumulation unit when each of the plurality of pixels of the imaging element 5 is set to each of the plurality of control patterns.
- Technology determines the distance to an object.
- the length of each period of logical value H and logical value L is an integral multiple of the unit time.
- the unit time is the minimum unit of the period of each logical value H and logical value L in each control pattern.
- the unit time may be the same as the pulse width T of the irradiation light pulse.
- M the number of control patterns used
- y a vector of signal values output from the column readout unit 32 according to the amount of charge accumulated in the pixel
- ⁇ be a matrix representing the M control patterns.
- x the vector of the time variation of the intensity of the reflected light to be restored (the intensity of the reflected light reaching the pixel). At this time, the relationship of the following formula (1) holds between them.
- the following formula (2) is obtained by converting the above formula (1) into It is represented.
- ym is the signal value obtained by the measurement using the m -th control pattern among the M control patterns.
- xn is the reflected light intensity in the n-th period among the N periods divided after the irradiation light pulse output timing.
- ⁇ m,n is a logic value that instructs charge accumulation in the nth period in the mth control pattern.
- m is an integer of 1 or more and M or less.
- n is an integer of 1 or more and N or less.
- the compression sensing technology can detect the reflected light intensity over time.
- Change x can be restored.
- ⁇ is a parameter representing an error tolerance.
- a range image can be acquired by compressed sensing technology using a smaller number of control patterns than in the case of the comparative example.
- a common control pattern is given to a plurality of pixels of the image sensor, it is possible to acquire a range image with high spatial resolution compared to the invention disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- the configuration of the system is simplified, the cost can be reduced, processing for parallax correction is not required, and the configuration for preparing control patterns can be simplified.
- the period during which only the background light is incident on the image sensor (the period before or after the reflected light pulse measurement, in which the light pulse is not output from the light source, or during the reflected light pulse measurement).
- the signal value obtained when measuring the reflected light pulse is corrected by hardware or software based on the amount of charge accumulated in the charge storage unit or charge disposal unit during the period when the reflected light pulse does not enter the image sensor (even if the reflected light pulse does not enter the image sensor). do it. Also, by creating a matrix ⁇ in consideration of the background light intensity, it is possible to correct the signal value obtained when measuring the reflected light pulse.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another example of control patterns in this embodiment. Also in this figure, from top to bottom, the waveform of the irradiation light pulse output from the light source, the waveform of the reflected light pulse reaching the image sensor, and the period for accumulating the charge generated in the photodiode in each pixel in the charge accumulation section are shown. A commanding control pattern VTX is shown.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another example of control patterns in this embodiment.
- the waveform of the irradiated light pulse output from the light source, the waveform of the reflected light pulse reaching the image sensor, and the period during which the charge generated by the photodiode in each pixel is accumulated in the charge accumulation section are shown.
- Control pattern VTX1 and control pattern VTX2 are indicated.
- the control pattern VTX2 is obtained by logically inverting the control pattern VTX1.
- the first charge accumulation unit among them accumulates the charge generated in the photodiode during the period when the control pattern VTX1 is logic value H, 2
- the charge storage unit can store charges generated in the photodiode during the period when the control pattern VTX2 is at the logic value H (while the control pattern VTX1 is at the logic value L).
- the processing unit compresses each of the plurality of pixels based on the amount of charge accumulated by the first charge accumulation unit and the amount of charge accumulated by the second charge accumulation unit when each of the plurality of control patterns is set. Sensing technology can determine the distance to an object.
- control pattern VTX2 is the logic inversion of the control pattern VTX1, and reflected light pulse measurements using both the control pattern VTX1 and the control pattern VTX2 can be performed substantially simultaneously. Therefore, the number of control patterns to be prepared can be halved, and the time required for the entire measurement can be halved. Note that even if the sensitivities of charge accumulation in the first charge accumulation section and the second charge accumulation section are different, the difference in sensitivity can be corrected.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another example of control patterns in this embodiment.
- the waveform of the irradiation light pulse output from the light source the waveform of the reflected light pulse reaching the image sensor, and the period for accumulating the charge generated in the photodiode in each pixel in the charge accumulation section are shown.
- a commanding control pattern VTX is shown.
- the control pattern assumes that the length of each period of the logical value H and the logical value L is an integral multiple of the unit time, and is constant from the unit time in the constant period from the light pulse output timing of the light source.
- the unit time after the period has elapsed is assumed to be long.
- the unit time in a fixed period (for example, 100 ns period) from the light pulse output timing of the light source may be the same as the pulse width T (for example, 10 ns) of the irradiation light pulse, and the unit time after the fixed period may be 2T.
- the unit time may be changed in multiple steps.
- the longer the distance to the object the smaller the intensity of the reflected light pulse that enters the imaging device.
- the temporal resolution of distance measurement can be increased by shortening the unit time.
- the distance is long, by lengthening the unit time, it is possible to increase the received amount of the reflected light pulse during the unit time period.
- the range of distance measurement can be expanded without increasing the number of measurements.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing another example of control patterns in this embodiment. Also in this figure, from top to bottom, the waveform of the irradiation light pulse output from the light source, the waveform of the reflected light pulse reaching the image sensor, and the period for accumulating the charge generated in the photodiode in each pixel in the charge accumulation section are shown. A commanding control pattern VTX is shown.
- This example shows a case where a plurality of reflected light pulses reach the imaging device after the light pulse output timing of the light source.
- the target is a translucent object such as glass and an object behind this translucent object. And, there is a case where it contains.
- the light pulse reflected by the semi-transparent object and the light pulse transmitted through the semi-transparent object and reflected by the object behind can reach the imaging element.
- the compressed sensing technology using a small number of control patterns can detect the reflected light The intensity time variation x can be reconstructed.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another example of control patterns in this embodiment. Also in this figure, from top to bottom, the waveform of the irradiation light pulse output from the light source, the waveform of the reflected light pulse reaching the image sensor, and the period for accumulating the charge generated in the photodiode in each pixel in the charge accumulation section are shown. A commanding control pattern VTX is shown.
- the light pulse output from the light source has a pulse width longer than the unit time in the control pattern VTX.
- the pulse width of the output light pulse may be an integral multiple of the unit time in the control pattern VTX.
- the graph of the simulation results shown in FIG. 11 shows the results of the comparative example using the control pattern shown in FIG. 4 and the example using the control pattern shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents the time when the light pulse output timing of the light source is set to the reference time 0
- the vertical axis represents the intensity of the reflected light pulse per unit time in the control pattern.
- the pulse width of each of the irradiation light pulse and the reflected light pulse is 1 ns
- the period for the reflected light pulse to reach the imaging device is 4.8 ns to 5.8 ns.
- the unit time which is the minimum unit of the period of each logical value H and logical value L in each control pattern, was set to 1 ns, which is the same as the pulse width of the light pulse.
- 20 control patterns were used in which the period of the logic value H was sequentially shifted by 1 ns.
- eight randomly set control patterns were used.
- the graph of the simulation results shown in FIG. 12 shows the results of the comparative example using the control pattern shown in FIG. 4 and the example using the control pattern shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents the time when the light pulse output timing of the light source is set to the reference time 0
- the vertical axis represents the intensity of the reflected light pulse per unit time in the control pattern.
- the pulse width of each of the irradiation light pulse and the reflected light pulse is 1 ns, and that the period during which the reflected light pulse reaches the imaging device is 25.8 ns to 26.8 ns.
- 30 control patterns were used in which the unit time in each control pattern was set to 1 ns, which is the same as the pulse width of the optical pulse, and the period of the logic value H was sequentially shifted by 1 ns.
- the unit time in each control pattern is 1 ns in the period from time 0 to 10 ns, and 2 ns in the period from 10 ns to 30 ns, and 8 randomly set control patterns are used.
- a common control pattern is given to all pixels on the light receiving surface of the image pickup device, and a range image is acquired by the TOF method and compression sensing technology. Therefore, a range image with high temporal resolution can be acquired using a small number of control patterns.
- the configuration of the optical system is simplified, so that the cost can be reduced, processing for parallax correction is not required, and the configuration for preparing the control pattern is also simple. It is possible to
- the range image acquisition device and range image acquisition method are not limited to the above-described embodiments and configuration examples, and various modifications are possible.
- the distance image acquisition apparatus is an apparatus for acquiring a distance image of an object by the time-of-flight method, and includes (1) a light source for irradiating the object with a light pulse, and (2) the object from the light source. (3) a plurality of photodiodes arranged on a light-receiving surface for receiving the light pulses that have passed through the imaging optical system; and (4) a control pattern in which the first logical value and the second logical value appear alternately in time from the light pulse output timing of the light source is commonly given to the plurality of pixels, and the plurality of pixels a processing unit that obtains a distance image of an object based on the charge generated by each photodiode, wherein each of the plurality of pixels accumulates the charge generated by the photodiode during a period in which the control pattern has a first logical value.
- the processing unit detects the object by compression sensing technology based on the amount of charge accumulated by the first charge storage unit when each of the plurality of control patterns is
- each of the plurality of pixels has a second charge storage unit that stores charges generated in the photodiode during a period in which the control pattern has the second logical value
- the processing unit includes the plurality of pixels
- the distance to the object is calculated by compression sensing technology based on the amount of charge accumulated by the first charge accumulation unit and the amount of charge accumulated by the second charge accumulation unit. Any desired configuration may be used.
- the processing unit may be configured to commonly give to a plurality of pixels a control pattern in which the length of the period of each of the first logical value and the second logical value is an integral multiple of the unit time. Further, the processing unit may be configured to commonly give to a plurality of pixels a control pattern in which the unit time after a certain period of time is longer than the unit time of the certain period from the light pulse output timing of the light source. Further, the light source may be configured to irradiate the object with a light pulse having a pulse width longer than the unit time.
- the processing unit may be configured to perform correction based on the intensity of background light when obtaining the distance to the object using compression sensing technology for each of the plurality of pixels.
- the distance image acquisition method is a method for acquiring a distance image of an object by the time-of-flight method, comprising (1) a light source for irradiating the object with light pulses, and (2) irradiating the object from the light source. (3) a plurality of photodiodes arranged on a light-receiving surface for receiving the light pulses that have passed through the imaging optical system; and an image pickup device having pixels, and a control pattern in which a first logical value and a second logical value appear temporally alternately from a light pulse output timing of a light source is commonly given to a plurality of pixels, and each of the plurality of pixels is provided with a control pattern.
- the first charge accumulation unit A range image of the object is obtained by determining the distance to the object by compression sensing technology based on the amount of accumulated charge.
- the distance image acquisition method described above in each of the plurality of pixels, charges generated in the photodiode during a period in which the control pattern has the second logical value are accumulated in the second charge storage unit, and the plurality of control patterns are performed for each of the plurality of pixels.
- the distance to the object is obtained by compression sensing technology based on the amount of charge accumulated by the first charge accumulation unit and the amount of charge accumulated by the second charge accumulation unit.
- a configuration for obtaining a distance image may also be used.
- a control pattern in which the length of the period of each of the first logical value and the second logical value is an integral multiple of the unit time may be commonly given to a plurality of pixels. Also, a configuration may be adopted in which a control pattern in which the unit time after a certain period of time is longer than the unit time of the certain period from the light pulse output timing of the light source is commonly given to a plurality of pixels. Further, the light source may be configured to irradiate the object with a light pulse having a pulse width longer than the unit time.
- a configuration may be employed in which correction is performed based on the intensity of the background light when obtaining the distance to the object using compression sensing technology for each of the plurality of pixels.
- the embodiments can be used as a range image acquisition device and a range image acquisition method that can easily acquire range images with high spatial resolution using compressed sensing technology.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (12)
- 飛行時間法により対象物の距離画像を取得する装置であって、
前記対象物へ光パルスを照射する光源と、
前記光源から前記対象物へ照射されて前記対象物で反射された光パルスを入力して結像する結像光学系と、
前記結像光学系を経た光パルスを受光する受光面上に配列され各々フォトダイオードを含む複数の画素を有する撮像素子と、
前記光源の光パルス出力タイミングから第1論理値と第2論理値とが時間的に交互に登場する制御パターンを前記複数の画素へ共通に与えるとともに、前記複数の画素それぞれのフォトダイオードで発生した電荷に基づいて前記対象物の距離画像を求める処理部と、
を備え、
前記複数の画素それぞれは、前記制御パターンが前記第1論理値である期間に前記フォトダイオードで発生した電荷を蓄積する第1電荷蓄積部を有し、
前記処理部は、前記複数の画素それぞれについて、複数の前記制御パターンそれぞれとした場合に前記第1電荷蓄積部により蓄積された電荷の量に基づいて圧縮センシング技術により前記対象物までの距離を求める、距離画像取得装置。 - 前記複数の画素それぞれは、前記制御パターンが前記第2論理値である期間に前記フォトダイオードで発生した電荷を蓄積する第2電荷蓄積部を有し、
前記処理部は、前記複数の画素それぞれについて、複数の前記制御パターンそれぞれとした場合に前記第1電荷蓄積部により蓄積された電荷の量および前記第2電荷蓄積部により蓄積された電荷の量に基づいて圧縮センシング技術により前記対象物までの距離を求める、請求項1に記載の距離画像取得装置。 - 前記処理部は、前記第1論理値および前記第2論理値それぞれの期間の長さが単位時間の整数倍である前記制御パターンを前記複数の画素へ共通に与える、請求項1または2に記載の距離画像取得装置。
- 前記処理部は、前記光源の光パルス出力タイミングからの一定期間における前記単位時間より前記一定期間経過後における前記単位時間が長い前記制御パターンを前記複数の画素へ共通に与える、請求項3に記載の距離画像取得装置。
- 前記光源は、前記単位時間より長いパルス幅を有する光パルスを前記対象物へ照射する、請求項3または4に記載の距離画像取得装置。
- 前記処理部は、前記複数の画素それぞれについて圧縮センシング技術により前記対象物までの距離を求める際に、背景光の強度に基づく補正を行う、請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の距離画像取得装置。
- 飛行時間法により対象物の距離画像を取得する方法であって、
前記対象物へ光パルスを照射する光源と、
前記光源から前記対象物へ照射されて前記対象物で反射された光パルスを入力して結像する結像光学系と、
前記結像光学系を経た光パルスを受光する受光面上に配列され各々フォトダイオードを含む複数の画素を有する撮像素子と、
を用い、
前記光源の光パルス出力タイミングから第1論理値と第2論理値とが時間的に交互に登場する制御パターンを前記複数の画素へ共通に与え、
前記複数の画素それぞれにおいて、前記制御パターンが前記第1論理値である期間に前記フォトダイオードで発生した電荷を第1電荷蓄積部に蓄積させ、
前記複数の画素それぞれについて、複数の前記制御パターンそれぞれとした場合に前記第1電荷蓄積部により蓄積された電荷の量に基づいて圧縮センシング技術により前記対象物までの距離を求めて、前記対象物の距離画像を求める、距離画像取得方法。 - 前記複数の画素それぞれにおいて、前記制御パターンが前記第2論理値である期間に前記フォトダイオードで発生した電荷を第2電荷蓄積部に蓄積させ、
前記複数の画素それぞれについて、複数の前記制御パターンそれぞれとした場合に前記第1電荷蓄積部により蓄積された電荷の量および前記第2電荷蓄積部により蓄積された電荷の量に基づいて圧縮センシング技術により前記対象物までの距離を求めて、前記対象物の距離画像を求める、請求項7に記載の距離画像取得方法。 - 前記第1論理値および前記第2論理値それぞれの期間の長さが単位時間の整数倍である前記制御パターンを前記複数の画素へ共通に与える、請求項7または8に記載の距離画像取得方法。
- 前記光源の光パルス出力タイミングからの一定期間における前記単位時間より前記一定期間経過後における前記単位時間が長い前記制御パターンを前記複数の画素へ共通に与える、請求項9に記載の距離画像取得方法。
- 前記光源から、前記単位時間より長いパルス幅を有する光パルスを前記対象物へ照射する、請求項9または10に記載の距離画像取得方法。
- 前記複数の画素それぞれについて圧縮センシング技術により前記対象物までの距離を求める際に、背景光の強度に基づく補正を行う、請求項7~11の何れか1項に記載の距離画像取得方法。
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