WO2022172929A1 - ゼラチン含有デバイス - Google Patents
ゼラチン含有デバイス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022172929A1 WO2022172929A1 PCT/JP2022/004982 JP2022004982W WO2022172929A1 WO 2022172929 A1 WO2022172929 A1 WO 2022172929A1 JP 2022004982 W JP2022004982 W JP 2022004982W WO 2022172929 A1 WO2022172929 A1 WO 2022172929A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nonwoven fabric
- cell
- bioabsorbable material
- cells
- implantation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/14—Macromolecular materials
- A61L27/22—Polypeptides or derivatives thereof, e.g. degradation products
- A61L27/222—Gelatin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K35/37—Digestive system
- A61K35/39—Pancreas; Islets of Langerhans
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K35/37—Digestive system
- A61K35/407—Liver; Hepatocytes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
- A61K9/0024—Solid, semi-solid or solidifying implants, which are implanted or injected in body tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/36—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
- A61L27/38—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/36—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
- A61L27/38—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells
- A61L27/3804—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells characterised by specific cells or progenitors thereof, e.g. fibroblasts, connective tissue cells, kidney cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/54—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/58—Materials at least partially resorbable by the body
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0676—Pancreatic cells
- C12N5/0677—Three-dimensional culture, tissue culture or organ culture; Encapsulated cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/60—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a special physical form
- A61L2300/62—Encapsulated active agents, e.g. emulsified droplets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/60—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a special physical form
- A61L2300/64—Animal cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to novel devices containing gelatin.
- a cell-containing device for example, contains living cells, biological tissues, etc., and supplies physiologically active substances such as hormones and proteins related to metabolic functions to patients instead of organs of diseased humans and animals, or may be harmful. It can be described as a device for preventing and/or treating disease in a patient by detoxifying substances.
- Such devices include (devices composed of) cells and tissues themselves, as well as devices with an immunoisolation layer (immunoisolation function) containing (embedded) cells and tissues (cells and tissues are device that can be implanted via a device) and the like.
- devices with such an immunoisolation layer can protect living cells and living tissues from the body's defense mechanisms, so compared to direct cell and tissue transplantation (e.g., living organ transplantation).
- immunosuppressants there is no need to administer immunosuppressants, so there is no need to worry about side effects due to immunosuppressants, and the treatment is minimally invasive, so it has the ability to solve the shortage of donors.
- Devices with an immunoisolation function come in various shapes, but one example is a microcapsule-type or macrocapsule-type preparation (e.g., cell preparation) in which living cells or living tissues are wrapped in a polymer. things are mentioned. These protect the cells and tissues contained therein from the body's defense mechanism by the strong crosslinked structure possessed by the high molecular weight polymer. It is characterized by supplying hormones and the like secreted from the body to the living body.
- a microcapsule-type or macrocapsule-type preparation e.g., cell preparation
- These protect the cells and tissues contained therein from the body's defense mechanism by the strong crosslinked structure possessed by the high molecular weight polymer. It is characterized by supplying hormones and the like secreted from the body to the living body.
- Patent Document 1 a cell or tissue capsule having an aqueous gel containing a modified polyvinyl alcohol resin (A) having an active carbonyl group and a cross-linking agent (B) as components as an immunoisolation layer is disclosed.
- An implanted device is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a cell or tissue-embedded device having, as an immunoisolation layer, an aqueous gel containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin (A) having a syndiotacticity of 32 to 40% in terms of triad. ing.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method using a gelatin hydrogel containing basic fibroblast growth factor.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel device containing gelatin.
- the contact area between the cell-containing device and the newly formed blood vessels is small, so oxygen and nutrients are efficiently supplied to living cells, biological tissues, and the like. may not be supplied.
- angiogenesis when angiogenesis is performed using cell growth factors, there may be a problem that blood and exudates accumulate at the site of angiogenesis due to bleeding and inflammation. These blood and exudates form a liquid film between new blood vessels and cells or cell-containing devices, inhibiting the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients from the new blood vessels to the cell-containing devices. can be significantly reduced.
- An implant device (implant material, implant member) comprising a bioabsorbable (biocompatible) nonwoven fabric containing gelatin.
- the moisture content is 300% by mass or less (e.g., 200% by mass or less, 100% by mass or less, 20 to 150% by mass, 30 to 100% by mass, 40 to 78% by mass, etc.).
- the non-woven fabric comprises a non-bioabsorbable material (member), the non-bioabsorbable material is integrated with the non-bioabsorbable material, and the ratio of the non-bioabsorbable material is 10 parts by volume or more with respect to 100 parts by volume of the non-woven fabric, constitutes at least part of the device surface (is exposed on the device surface).
- [16] The device according to any one of [1] to [15], for use in at least one application selected from (1) to (3) below.
- (1) Encapsulant formation (2) Increase in extracellular matrix (promoting secretion) (3) Increase in growth factors (promoting secretion) [17]
- the device according to [16], wherein the extracellular matrix contains at least one selected from collagen (collagen III, collagen IV, etc.) and laminin.
- the growth factor comprises at least IGF-2.
- the extracellular matrix and/or growth factors are increased in the formed coating (for forming a coating with increased extracellular matrix and/or growth factors), according to any one of [16] to [18] device.
- [20] The device according to any one of [16] to [19], which is for use in applications (1), (2) and (3).
- the cell- or tissue-containing device is a modified polyvinyl alcohol-based resin (A1) having an active carbonyl group, a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin (A2) having a syndiotacticity of 32 to 40% in terms of triad, and a saponification degree of 97 mol%.
- the cells or tissues comprise pancreatic islets (pancreatic islet cells), hepatocytes, stem cells thereof, and progenitor cells thereof.
- [26] A method of implanting (implanting, indwelling for a predetermined period of time) the device according to any one of [1] to [25].
- [27] A method of implanting (implanting, indwelling for a predetermined period of time) the device according to any one of [1] to [25], and activating (the implantation site).
- [28] A method of implanting (implanting, indwelling for a predetermined period of time) the device according to any one of [1] to [25], (at the site of implantation), and bioabsorbing (at least part of) the nonwoven fabric ([26] or [27 ] method).
- [29] A method of implanting (implanting, indwelling for a predetermined period of time) the device according to any one of [1] to [25] and performing at least one selected from the following (1) to (3) (at the implantation site) (the method according to any one of [26] to [28]).
- (1) Encapsulant formation (2) Increase in extracellular matrix (promoting secretion) (3) Increase in growth factors (promoting secretion)
- a method of transplantation comprising transplanting a cell- or tissue-containing device into the transplantation site (removal site) of the device according to any one of [1] to [25].
- a method for preventing and/or treating a disease or condition comprising transplanting a cell- or tissue-containing device into the transplantation site (removal site) of the device according to any one of [1] to [25].
- [34] comprising the step of implanting the device according to any one of [1] to [25] [further, the step of removing at least the non-bioabsorbable material (member) (further forming an implantation spot)]; Or the method described in [33].
- the present invention can provide a novel device containing gelatin.
- the implantation (indwelling) site can be activated.
- transplantation (indwelling) prior to transplantation of a cell-containing device can suppress or prevent the above-described problems, and efficiently exert the function of the cell-containing device.
- a capsule can be formed at the implantation (dwelling) site (or its vicinity).
- ECM extracellular matrix
- the device of the present invention can activate the implantation site efficiently in this way, but by containing gelatin in a specific form, the effect (contribution) of the gelatin itself is enhanced by its specific form (non-woven fabric structure). ) for some reason makes it easier to function efficiently (for example, cells and tissues at the transplanted site are likely to be incorporated (pulled) into the nonwoven fabric structure, and therefore gelatin functions are likely to be exhibited). It is also assumed that the non-woven fabric structure tends to attract effector cells and the like that secrete growth factors. Accompanying such activation, an endogenous increase (secretion promotion) of extracellular matrix (ECM) and growth factors is considered to occur.
- ECM extracellular matrix
- such a device can be suitably used as an implantation device (a device for implantation), and in particular, can be used as a device for encapsulant formation, extracellular matrix or growth factor increase (secretion promotion), and the like. sell.
- the use of the device of the present invention is not particularly limited, and depending on the degree and mode of activation [film formation, increase in extracellular matrix and growth factors (stimulation of secretion), etc.], desired uses such as wound repair (For example, tissue repair after surgery, etc.).
- the device of the present invention can be suitably used as a device for transplantation (implantation and indwelling for a predetermined period of time) (prior to transplantation of the cell-containing device) at the transplantation site of the cell-containing device.
- the function of the cell-containing device can be efficiently expressed (improved).
- the reproducibility (accuracy) of such function expression is high.
- the coating will improve the adhesion between the transplanted site and the cell-containing device, and as a result, the living cells and living tissue will be efficiently oxygenated. It is conceivable that nutrients can be supplied and the function of the cell-containing device can be effectively expressed (improved).
- ECM e.g., lack of ECM
- functional deterioration of the cell-containing device can be suppressed or prevented.
- apoptosis triggers caused by a hypoxic environment peculiar to the subcutaneous environment, etc. are involved as a factor in the deterioration of the function of the cell-containing device. If it is possible to increase (stimulate secretion) of , it is possible to inhibit apoptosis and, in turn, to suppress or prevent functional deterioration of cell-containing devices.
- growth factors may contribute to the induction of angiogenesis to some extent, and together with this, it is possible that the functions of cell devices can be efficiently expressed.
- ECM growth factors
- ECM and growth factors at the site of implantation. If these can be achieved, it is considered that these can be combined to efficiently activate the transplanted site (furthermore, when the cell-containing device is to be transplanted, the function of the cell-containing device can be improved).
- the device of the present invention is useful because it can be implanted (and activated) even in a site, such as subcutaneous tissue, where there are few blood vessels and where cell-containing devices and the like are thought to be difficult to function.
- the site to which the cell-containing device is implanted can be activated (in particular, activation with encapsulation and ECM or growth factor increase), regardless of the degree of blood vessel formation (neogenesis). It can efficiently suppress or prevent central necrosis and greatly improve the function of cell-containing devices.
- Such a device of the present invention does not require the administration of an exogenous growth factor or the like (and angiogenesis accompanying the administration) as described above, and prevents retention of blood and exudates due to bleeding or inflammation at the transplant site. can be effectively prevented. Therefore, according to such a device, functions such as a cell-containing device can be fully exhibited.
- the device of the present invention may also induce neovascularization at the site of implantation, although such neovascularization is less (or less extreme) in magnitude than that associated with exogenous administration. In addition to this, it is due to endogenous factors, and bleeding and the like can usually be suppressed or prevented at a high level.
- Devices in other aspects of the invention include non-bioabsorbable materials.
- a non-bioabsorbable material may function as a spacer (spacer-wise). With such a device, even after implantation (dwelling), at least the non-bioabsorbable material can remain without being absorbed. ) can be efficiently formed.
- Such implantation pockets facilitate implantation (positioning) of cell-containing devices and the like.
- devices containing such non-bioabsorbable materials can usually be removed efficiently.
- such a device usually adheres less to the site of implantation (as well as to the formed capsule) and surrounding sites, and less damages to such sites upon removal. Therefore, it is possible to prevent or suppress bleeding, inflammation (occurrence of inflammation), and exudate at the transplant site or the like.
- devices containing non-bioabsorbable materials are extremely useful because they can be both activated (film formation, etc.) and easily removed.
- the device of the present invention (sometimes referred to as device 1, gelatin-containing device, material, member, etc.) includes a gelatin-containing nonwoven fabric (gelatin-containing nonwoven fabric).
- Nonwoven fabric contains gelatin (sometimes referred to as gelatin (A), etc.). Such a non-woven fabric may be generally composed (formed) of gelatin-containing fibers.
- the gelatin is not particularly limited, and may be derived from any animal such as fish (fish), cattle, or pigs, and may be recombinant [recombinant gelatin (human recombinant gelatin, etc.)].
- the manufacturing method of gelatin is not particularly limited, and it may be, for example, alkali-processed gelatin, acid-processed gelatin, or the like.
- the isoelectric point, molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, viscosity, jelly strength, etc. of gelatin are not particularly limited and can be selected as appropriate.
- Gelatin is modified or derivatized ⁇ e.g., introduction of hydrophobic groups [e.g., hydrocarbon groups (e.g., alkyl groups), etc.] [e.g., acylation of amino groups constituting gelatin (e.g., hexanoylation, dodecanoylation alkanoylation, etc.)] may or may not be performed.
- hydrophobic groups e.g., hydrocarbon groups (e.g., alkyl groups), etc.
- acylation of amino groups constituting gelatin e.g., hexanoylation, dodecanoylation alkanoylation, etc.
- the site of modification or derivatization is not particularly limited, but may be a molecular terminal, a side chain, or the like. Further, even when modification or derivatization is performed, it is often performed before and after the modification or derivatization to the extent that the bioabsorbability is not impaired.
- gelatin is not modified (chemically modified) or derivatized (for example, introduction of a hydrophobic group), or modified (chemically modified) or derivative (for example, the introduction of a hydrophobic group, etc.), but the extent is small [for example, the amino group constituting gelatin is 20 mol% or less (e.g. modified or derivatized gelatin etc.] may be suitably used.
- Nonwoven fabrics may generally be biocompatible or bioabsorbable. Typically, nonwovens may be bioabsorbable (and even biocompatible). Such a nonwoven fabric can also be said to contain gelatin as a bioabsorbable material (nonwoven fabric).
- Such a nonwoven fabric may consist of at least gelatin (gelatin as a bioabsorbable material), and may contain other materials as necessary. Such other materials may also generally be biocompatible or bioabsorbable.
- bioabsorbable materials include, for example, proteins or peptides (e.g., collagen, collagen peptide), polysaccharides or derivatives thereof [e.g., mucopolysaccharides (e.g., hyaluronic acid, heparin), alginic acid, chitin, chitosan , starch, dextran, etc.], aliphatic polyesters (eg, polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, glycolic acid/lactic acid copolymer, poly ⁇ -hydroxybutyrate), etc.).
- proteins or peptides e.g., collagen, collagen peptide
- polysaccharides or derivatives thereof e.g., mucopolysaccharides (e.g., hyaluronic acid, heparin), alginic acid, chitin, chitosan , starch, dextran, etc.
- aliphatic polyesters eg, polyglycolic acid,
- the ratio of gelatin in the nonwoven fabric depends on the type of other materials, but for example 30% by mass. 50% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, 80% by mass or more, 90% by mass or more, 95% by mass or more, or the like.
- the nonwoven fabric may contain other components.
- Other components include, but are not particularly limited to, cell culture components (eg, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, glucose, physiologically active substances, etc.) and the like, which will be described later.
- the other component may be an angiogenic component (a component that contributes to angiogenesis).
- Such angiogenic components may be components that contribute to (promote) angiogenesis.
- factor VEGF
- FGF fibroblast growth factor
- HGF hepatocyte growth factor
- EGF epidermal growth factor
- IGF insulin-like growth factor
- PDGF platelet-derived cell growth factor
- PlGF placental growth factor
- insulin etc.
- cells eg, cells secreting a growth factor (cell growth factor)
- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- FGF fibroblast growth factor
- HGF hepatocyte growth factor
- EGF epidermal growth factor
- IGF insulin-like growth factor
- PDGF platelet-derived cell growth factor
- PlGF placental growth factor
- insulin eg, cells secreting a growth factor (cell growth factor)), and the like.
- stem cells examples include mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) [e.g., adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC), bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC), placenta-derived stem cells, umbilical cord-derived stem cells, etc.], etc.), and the like.
- MSC mesenchymal stem cells
- ADSC adipose-derived stem cells
- BMSC bone marrow-derived stem cells
- placenta-derived stem cells e.g., umbilical cord-derived stem cells, etc.
- Non-woven fabrics may be (substantially) free of such other components (e.g., angiogenic components) and (substantially) free of growth factors, among others. It doesn't have to be.
- the device (non-woven fabric, gelatin, bioabsorbable material) of the present invention activates the implanted site [particularly, activation accompanied by capsule formation, increase in extracellular matrix and growth factors (stimulation of secretion), etc., as described above. change]. Therefore, the implantation site can be activated without growth factor-induced angiogenesis (or in a manner different from growth factor-induced angiogenesis).
- ADSCs Unlike the use of cells (ADSCs), the use of growth factors (exogenous administration) causes problems such as bleeding, inflammation, and retention of blood and exudate associated with angiogenesis (excessive or extreme angiogenesis).
- angiogenesis excessive or extreme angiogenesis
- the nonwoven fabric (or fiber or gelatin) is preferably crosslinked.
- the nonwoven fabric By performing a cross-linking treatment, in addition to increasing the strength, the nonwoven fabric (bioabsorbable material) is bioabsorbable over a predetermined period of time (for example, 1 week to 3 months). It can be advantageous in terms of coating (uniform coating) formation, activation accompanied by promotion of secretion of ECM and growth factors (furthermore, functional expression of cell-containing devices), etc.].
- the cross-linking method is not particularly limited, and cross-linking using a chemical reagent [for example, cross-linking using a cross-linking agent such as aldehyde (e.g., formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, etc.) or carbodiimide], cross-linking by heat (heat dehydration cross-linking, heat cross-linking, etc. ), enzyme cross-linking, cross-linking by energy rays (photo-crosslinking, ultraviolet rays, electron beams, radiation, etc.), physical cross-linking (eg, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, ionic interaction, etc.), and the like can be used.
- a chemical reagent for example, cross-linking using a cross-linking agent such as aldehyde (e.g., formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, etc.) or carbodiimide
- cross-linking by heat heat
- heat cross-linking heat
- heat heat
- the fibers that make up the nonwoven fabric may usually be long fibers.
- the length of such long fibers is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, several tens of meters to several hundreds of meters.
- the fiber diameter (average fiber diameter) (D) of the fibers (long fibers) constituting the nonwoven fabric may be, for example, about 1 to 70 ⁇ m (eg, 5 to 60 ⁇ m).
- the fiber diameter may be the same (uniform) or may vary (different) in the length direction.
- the fiber diameter may change, for example, within the range of D-0.5D ⁇ D ⁇ D+0.5D.
- nonwoven fabric With such a nonwoven fabric, it is easy to adjust the bioabsorbable time to a preferable range (eg, 1 week to 3 months). In addition, since it is easily absorbed by the body while maintaining the nonwoven fabric structure, the effects of the nonwoven fabric structure (for example, cells and tissues at the transplanted site are easily incorporated (drawn) into the nonwoven fabric structure) can be easily obtained.
- a preferable range eg, 1 week to 3 months.
- Non-woven fabrics usually do not become flattened even when wet.
- the compression deformation rate (or) when a nonwoven fabric swollen with water (swollen to a saturated state) (nonwoven fabric in a state of being swollen with water) is compressed at a stress of 1.0 kPa is not particularly limited. is preferably 40% or less, more preferably 35% or less, and particularly preferably 30% or less.
- the lower limit of the compression deformation rate is not particularly limited, it is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 5% or more.
- the compressive deformation rate is calculated from the following formula using the thickness (H1) when no load is applied and the thickness (H2) when compressed with a stress of 1.0 kPa.
- Compression deformation rate (%) 100- ⁇ (H2/H1) ⁇ 100 ⁇
- the compressive deformation rate of a nonwoven fabric can be measured, for example, by immersing the nonwoven fabric in water at 37°C overnight (for example, 16 hours) and then using Yamaden's creep meter physical property test system RE2-33005C.
- the nonwoven fabric may be welded at fiber intersections.
- Such welding (fusion) may be at least partial, and may be welding (fusion) at all of the fiber intersections.
- Such a non-woven fabric improves handling during transplantation and makes it easier to arrange (position, and eventually form a film, etc.) in the desired location.
- the nonwoven fabric may be transparent (relatively transparent) when wetted (or swollen) with water.
- the visible light transmittance of the nonwoven fabric swollen with water is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10% or more, and preferably 15% or more. More preferably, 20% or more is particularly preferable.
- the visible light transmittance of the nonwoven fabric is measured, for example, by immersing the nonwoven fabric in water at 37°C overnight (for example, 16 hours), and then using BioTek's SYNERGY H1 to measure a 1.0 mm thick sample of 400 to 800 nm. Average transmission can be measured.
- the water content of the nonwoven fabric swollen with water may be selected from, for example, a range of about 300% by mass or less, 200% by mass or less (e.g., 180% by mass or less), preferably 150% by mass or less. It may be about mass% or less (e.g., 120 mass% or less), or 100 mass% or less (e.g., 90 mass% or less, 85 mass% or less, 80 mass% or less, 78 mass% or less, 77 mass% or less, 76% by mass or less, 75% by mass or less, etc.).
- the lower limit of the water content may be, for example, 10% by mass, 20% by mass, 30% by mass, 40% by mass, 50% by mass, 55% by mass, 60% by mass, 70% by mass, or the like.
- Specific examples of moisture content include ranges obtained by combining the upper and lower limits of the above ranges, such as 10 to 200% by mass, 20 to 150% by mass, 30 to 100% by mass, and 40 to 78% by mass. be done.
- the moisture content of the nonwoven fabric is, for example, measured after the nonwoven fabric is fully immersed (swelled) in water at 37 ° C. overnight (for example, 16 hours, 24 hours, etc.) [nonwoven fabric after immersion (swelling)] and the mass (dry mass) Ws of the nonwoven fabric before immersion (swelling), it can be calculated by the following formula.
- Moisture content (%) (Wh-Ws) ⁇ (Wh) x 100
- the bioabsorbable time of the nonwoven fabric it is easy to adjust the bioabsorbable time of the nonwoven fabric to a preferable range (for example, 1 week to 3 months), and the transplanted site can be efficiently activated.
- a preferable range for example, 1 week to 3 months
- the effects of the nonwoven fabric structure for example, cells and tissues at the transplanted site are easily incorporated (drawn) into the nonwoven fabric structure
- the shape of the non-woven fabric is not particularly limited, but examples include sheet-like, plate-like (board-like), rod-like, tube-like, grain (bead)-like, and the like.
- the size of the nonwoven fabric can be appropriately selected from the above-exemplified range according to the transplant site, its size, etc., and is not particularly limited. 0.5 to 2 mm is more preferred, and 0.7 to 1.5 mm is particularly preferred.
- a method for producing a nonwoven fabric is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used. Examples of manufacturing methods are detailed below.
- Non-woven fabrics can be manufactured using known or commonly used techniques. For example, it may be manufactured by the following melt-blowing method.
- a spinning solution containing gelatin is extruded into the air from a nozzle outlet, and a pressurized fluid is jetted forward from a fluid ejection port located behind the nozzle outlet and not in contact with the nozzle outlet, and The extruded spinning solution is accompanied by the pressure fluid to form fibers, and the obtained biocompatible long fibers are accumulated to form a nonwoven fabric.
- the manufacturing apparatus used for manufacturing the nonwoven fabric includes means for pushing out a spinning solution containing gelatin from a nozzle outlet into the air, and a device positioned behind the nozzle outlet and not in contact with the nozzle outlet.
- It includes means for ejecting a pressure fluid forward from a fluid ejection port, and means for accumulating bioabsorbable fibers formed by the extruded spinning solution being accompanied by the pressure fluid. Since the pressure fluid ejection port is arranged behind the nozzle ejection port independently and in a non-contact state, the spinning solution is not mixed. Therefore, it is possible to prevent contamination from entering the product.
- the temperature of the spinning solution is preferably higher than the temperature at which the spinning solution flows and lower than the decomposition temperature of gelatin. Spinning cannot be performed unless the spinning solution flows at a temperature higher than that, and if the temperature is higher than the decomposition temperature of gelatin, decomposition products may be mixed into the product.
- the injection pressure of the pressurized fluid is preferably 0.05-0.5 MPa.
- the spinning solution extruded into the air from the nozzle outlet can be blown off to form fibers.
- the temperature of the pressure fluid is preferably around the temperature of the spinning solution, more preferably ⁇ 50°C of the temperature of the spinning solution, and even more preferably ⁇ 30°C of the temperature of the spinning solution. In this state, the spinning solution extruded into the air from the nozzle outlet is not quenched, but is fibrillated in a fluid state and then cooled in the air to form solid fibers.
- the viscosity of the spinning solution is preferably 500-3000 mPa ⁇ s at a temperature of 60°C. If the viscosity is within the above range, it is convenient for fiberization.
- the nonwoven fabric is preferably crosslinked.
- Cross-linking is preferred for dimensional stability.
- Crosslinking is as described above.
- the temperature of cross-linking by heat is preferably above the glass transition point and below the softening point of the fiber (a bioabsorbable polymer such as gelatin that constitutes the fiber), for example, the temperature condition is 100 to 160 ° C. It is preferably used.
- the nonwoven fabric may also be dried prior to cross-linking. Drying may be air drying at room temperature or vacuum freeze drying.
- a method for producing a gelatin nonwoven fabric includes, for example, the following steps.
- Preparatory step (1) Gelatin is dissolved in heated water.
- the dissolution temperature (heating water temperature) is preferably 20 to 90°C. After dissolution, filtration may be performed to remove foreign matter, dust, and the like. (2) Thereafter, the dissolved air may be removed by depressurization or vacuum defoaming.
- Main step (1) A heated gelatin aqueous solution (spinning solution) is discharged from a nozzle of a spinning machine. (2) A pressurized fluid is supplied from around the nozzle, and the ejected aqueous gelatin solution is accompanied by the pressurized fluid to form fibers.
- the obtained gelatin long fibers are accumulated to form a gelatin long fiber nonwoven fabric.
- Post-process (1) The gelatin long fiber nonwoven fabric may be dried. (2) The gelatin long fiber nonwoven fabric may be cut into a predetermined size and molded into a predetermined shape. For molding, press molding or the like can be used. (3) crosslink the gelatin long fiber nonwoven fabric; Crosslinking can be performed by the above-exemplified methods such as thermal dehydration crosslinking, thermal crosslinking, electron beam crosslinking, radiation crosslinking such as ⁇ -rays, and ultraviolet crosslinking. (4) Sterilize the gelatin long fiber nonwoven fabric or sheet in a predetermined shape.
- ethylene oxide gas sterilization water vapor, electron beam irradiation, radiation irradiation such as gamma rays, and the like can be used.
- sterilization and cross-linking can be performed at the same time.
- Sterilization at the time of use Sterilization (ethylene oxide sterilization, steam sterilization, etc.) may be performed as a preparatory step for medical use.
- the gelatin long fiber nonwoven fabric after cross-linking can be steam sterilized, for example.
- the temperature of the heated gelatin aqueous solution (spinning solution) is preferably 20 to 90°C. Within the above range, gelatin can maintain a stable sol state.
- the gelatin concentration of the heated gelatin aqueous solution is preferably 30 to 55% by mass when the gelatin aqueous solution is taken as 100% by mass. A more preferable concentration is 35 to 50% by mass. With the above concentration, a stable sol state can be maintained.
- the viscosity of the heated gelatin aqueous solution (spinning solution) is preferably 500 to 3000 mPa ⁇ s. With the above viscosity, stable spinning can be achieved.
- the temperature of the pressure fluid is preferably 80 to 120°C in the case of an aqueous gelatin solution (spinning solution). Although it depends on the flow rate of the pressurized fluid and the temperature of the ambient atmosphere, stable spinning can be achieved within the above temperature range.
- Air is preferably used as the pressure fluid, and the pressure is preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.
- the obtained non-woven fabric is, for example, punched into a predetermined shape and molded to be used in the device of the present invention. At this time, the cells may be swollen with a predetermined liquid medium or the like.
- the aspect of the non-woven fabric and the method for producing the same may use known ones (for example, the aspect described in Japanese Patent No. 6450894).
- the device may include nonwoven fabric, may be composed (formed) of nonwoven fabric only, and other materials ⁇ not in the category of nonwoven fabric (or bioabsorbable material) [in the category of nonwoven fabric (or bioabsorbable material) not belonging] material ⁇ .
- the device may include at least non-bioabsorbable materials (members) among such other materials (members).
- the non-bioabsorbable materials can remain even if the non-woven fabrics are absorbed (dissolved) through implantation (dwelling).
- Such residual non-bioabsorbable material is the device [at least the non-bioabsorbable material, the non-bioabsorbable portion of the device if (part or all of) the bioabsorbable material has been absorbed. For example, a non-bioabsorbable material)] is removed, and a pocket (void) is formed at the implantation site.
- Such a pocket is likely to serve as a marker for the site of implantation (site where a capsule is formed or the like is activated), and can also serve as a pocket (implantation pocket) when a cell-containing device or the like described later is implanted. It is particularly useful when performing further transplants.
- non-bioabsorbable materials non-bioabsorbable materials
- Non-bioabsorbable material typically contains a non-bioabsorbable polymer (non-bioabsorbable macromolecules).
- Non-bioabsorbable polymers include, for example, silicone-based resins, polyvinyl alcohol-based resins, polyvinyl acetal-based resins, polyurethane-based resins, and fluorine resins (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxyalkane, etc.).
- olefin-based resins e.g., polyethylene-based resins, polypropylene-based resins
- polyacrylamide-based resins polyester-based resins (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate, etc.), polyacrylonitrile-based resins, polystyrene-butadiene copolymer resins, polysulfone-based resins, cellulose -based resin [eg, cellulose ether (eg, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, etc.)], polyoxyalkylene-based resin (eg, resin containing ethylene oxide or propylene oxide as a polymer component, etc.), and the like.
- cellulose -based resin eg, cellulose ether (eg, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, etc.)]
- polyoxyalkylene-based resin eg, resin containing ethylene oxide or propylene oxide as a polymer component, etc.
- non-bioabsorbable materials are non-bioabsorbable, they may generally be biocompatible (biocompatible polymers).
- the non-bioabsorbable material may be a hydrophilic polymer (or a water-soluble polymer).
- Such hydrophilic (water-soluble) polymers often become water-insoluble (for example, form a gel) in devices (non-bioabsorbable materials) due to cross-linking, chemical modification, or the like. .
- the non-bioabsorbable material does not easily adhere to the transplanted site (surrounding tissue), that is, has anti-adhesion ability.
- the anti-adhesion ability means, for example, the ability to prevent or suppress adhesion between the device and the surrounding tissue or the formed coating when the device is left in the implantation site.
- silicone-based resins, polyvinyl alcohol-based resins, and the like are preferable.
- a resin described later for example, a modified polyvinyl alcohol-based resin (A1) having an active carbonyl group, with a syndiotacticity of 32 to 40% in triad display
- preferred aspects and the like may be the same as those described later.
- non-bioabsorbable material When such a non-bioabsorbable material is used, there is little adhesion to the surrounding tissue, and there is little damage to the formed capsule and surrounding tissue (furthermore, the vascular bed existing at the transplant site, etc.) during removal. . Therefore, it is possible to efficiently prevent or suppress bleeding, inflammation (occurrence of inflammation), and exudate at the transplanted site, and the nonwoven fabric can fully exhibit its functions.
- the elution rate of the non-bioabsorbable material in physiological saline at 37° C. is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less, and particularly preferably 1% or less.
- the elution rate can be determined, for example, from the mass of solids contained in the eluted water obtained by immersing the non-bioabsorbable material in physiological saline at 37° C. for a predetermined time (eg, 60 minutes).
- the volume change rate when the non-bioabsorbable material is immersed in water at 37° C. is not particularly limited, but is preferably 80% or less, more preferably 70% or less, and particularly preferably 60% or less.
- the volume change rate can be obtained, for example, by immersing the non-bioabsorbable material in water at 37° C. for a predetermined time (for example, 60 minutes) and calculating the volume before and after the immersion.
- the non-bioabsorbable material may generally have a suitable shape (or be molded into a suitable shape).
- the form (shape) of the non-bioabsorbable material (member) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include particulate (granular), film (sheet), columnar (e.g., columnar, prismatic), rod, and tube. , etc.
- the non-bioabsorbable material may be fibrous, woven (non-woven fabric, etc.), or [forming a woven fabric (non-woven fabric, etc.)].
- the non-bioabsorbable material may be gel-like, rubber-like, or the like, and may have a porous structure (sponge) or network structure.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin used as the non-bioabsorbable material may be in the form of gel or sponge.
- preferred aspects are the same as those described later.
- the size (size) of the non-bioabsorbable material can be appropriately selected according to the implantation site, its size, etc., and is not particularly limited.
- the non-bioabsorbable material has a thickness of 0.01 mm or more (eg, 0.03 mm or more), preferably 0.05 mm or more (eg, 0.1 to 50 mm). , more preferably 0.15 mm or more (eg, 0.2 to 10 mm), particularly 0.3 mm or more (eg, 0.5 to 5 mm, 0.7 to 2 mm, etc.).
- the non-bioabsorbable material is not particularly limited, and commercial products may be used depending on the type, form, presence form in the device, etc. of the non-bioabsorbable material (polymer), or a conventional method may be used. It may be manufactured (synthesized).
- a commercially available or synthesized silicone rubber sheet may be used as the silicone resin.
- a polyvinyl alcohol resin as a non-bioabsorbable material
- a commercially available or synthesized polyvinyl alcohol resin is used as a gel [especially aqueous gel (hydrogel)], sponge, etc. by a conventional method.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin may be gelled by a method described later (method using a cross-linking agent, etc.) depending on the type and the like. In such a case, preferred aspects and the like are the same as those described later.
- non-bioabsorbable material regardless of whether it is a commercially available product or a synthetic product, may be appropriately molded (for example, punched into a predetermined size and shape) according to the shape of the implantation site. .
- the non-bioabsorbable material may contain other components.
- Other components are not particularly limited, and include components exemplified in the nonwoven fabric section.
- Non-bioabsorbable materials may also be substantially free of such other components (e.g., angiogenic components), among others, for similar reasons without growth factors. It does not have to be substantially contained.
- the device only needs to contain at least the nonwoven fabric, and may contain other materials (members) as described above.
- the device may be substantially free of growth factors.
- the nonwoven fabric may generally constitute at least part of the surface of the device (may be exposed on the surface).
- the nonwoven fabric accounts for 10% or more (e.g., 20% or more), preferably 30% or more (e.g., 40% or more), more preferably 50% or more (e.g., 60% or more) of the surface (surface area). % or more), or 70% or more [eg, 80% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, (substantially) 100%].
- the positional relationship (form of existence) between the nonwoven fabric and the other material is also a positional relationship in which the nonwoven fabric constitutes at least part of the device surface. It is preferable to have
- the nonwoven fabric and the other materials may be in contact or separated, but they are usually in contact in many cases.
- Such devices include, for example, devices in which at least a part of the surface of another material (non-bioabsorbable material) is covered with a non-woven fabric [for example, at least one surface of a non-bioabsorbable material such as a sheet (especially (both sides or upper and lower sides) of a (laminated) device having a sheet-like nonwoven fabric, etc.].
- a non-bioabsorbable material such as a sheet (especially (both sides or upper and lower sides) of a (laminated) device having a sheet-like nonwoven fabric, etc.
- the ratio of other materials is, for example, 1 volume part or more (eg, 5 to 5000 volume parts), preferably 10 volume parts per 100 volume parts of nonwoven fabric parts or more (e.g., 15 to 3000 parts by volume), more preferably 20 parts by volume or more (e.g., 25 to 1000 parts by volume), and 30 parts by volume or more (e.g., 35 parts by volume or more, 40 parts by volume or more) , 45 vol. good.
- a ratio facilitates well-balanced activation of the transplanted site (formation of a capsule, etc.) and formation of a transplanted pocket.
- non-woven fabrics and other materials may usually be fixed (integrated).
- the nonwoven fabric and another material may be fixed (fixed to each other).
- the fixing method is not particularly limited, but examples include suture (suture with suture thread, etc.), adhesion [for example, adhesion (bonding) using a medical adhesive], and the like. Among these, suturing is preferably used.
- the sutures and adhesives may be biocompatible and/or bioabsorbable (degradable).
- Non-woven fabrics and other materials may be swollen with water or a predetermined liquid medium depending on their type. In this case, they may be combined after being swollen, or may be combined and then swollen.
- the device (material, member) of the present invention can be implanted (implanted in vivo) and used (used for implantation or for implantation).
- transplantation can activate the implantation site.
- transplantation may result in (1) capsule formation, (2) extracellular matrix increase (secretion enhancement), (3) growth factor increase (secretion enhancement), and the like.
- the device (material, member) of the present invention can be suitably used as a device for implantation (implantation device, implantation material, implantation member), and if it can be activated in this way, it can be used for at least one of these applications. It can also be used as a device for use.
- the device of the present invention at least a film can be formed in many cases, and therefore, the device of the present invention can usually be used as a device for at least (1) film formation in many cases.
- the formation of the coating can be visually confirmed from the state before and after transplantation.
- the coating is usually formed at the implantation site of the device (bioabsorbable material) or its vicinity (surroundings), and is composed at least of (bioabsorbable) gelatin (nonwoven fabric, bioabsorbable material) derived from the device (nonwoven fabric).
- examples of the extracellular matrix include collagen (eg, collagen III, collagen IV, etc.), laminin, and the like.
- the extracellular matrix may contain these alone or in combination of two or more.
- the increase in extracellular matrix (promotion of secretion) can be confirmed, for example, by immunohistochemical analysis.
- the surrounding tissue is harvested, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, and then embedded in paraffin.
- immunohistochemical staining for example, anti-collagen III (ab7778; Abcam), anti-collagen IV (ab6586; Abcam) and laminin (ab11575; Abcam) antibodies are preferably used.
- EnVision+System-HRP-labeled polymer rabbit antibody (4003; DAKO) is preferably used as a secondary antibody.
- growth factors include epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) (eg, IGF-1, IGF-2, etc.), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) (e.g., FGF12, etc.), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transforming growth factor (TGF) (e.g., TGF- ⁇ 1, etc.), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (e.g., PDGF-A, PDGF- B etc.).
- EGF epidermal growth factor
- IGF insulin-like growth factor
- FGF fibroblast growth factor
- HGF hepatocyte growth factor
- TGF transforming growth factor
- PDGF platelet-derived growth factor
- the growth factor may contain these alone or in combination of two or more.
- IGF-2 can be increased (promoted secretion) at a high level.
- the device contains (4) components other than extracellular matrix and growth factors, such as cell adhesion molecules (N-cadherin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, etc.), inducers [e.g., epithelial-mesenchymal transition inducer (c -MET), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 ⁇ subunit (HIF-1 ⁇ ), etc.], anti-angiogenic factors (eg, vasohibin 1), CD31, versican, thrombospondin (TSP) 2, etc. .
- inducers e.g., epithelial-mesenchymal transition inducer (c -MET), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 ⁇ subunit (HIF-1 ⁇ ), etc.
- anti-angiogenic factors eg, vasohibin 1
- CD31 e.g., CD31, versican, thrombospondin (TSP) 2, etc.
- the increase (secretion promotion) of growth factors, etc. can be confirmed, for example, by real-time PCR.
- RNA is extracted from the surrounding tissue.
- Relative gene expression is determined using, for example, TaqMan Array 96-well FAST plates (4413257; Applied Biosystems).
- the TaqMan Array contains 46 target genes and 2 endogenous control gene candidates. Samples were run at 50°C for 2 min, 95°C for 20 s, followed by 40 Analyze under cycling amplification conditions. The result is the Expression Suite Software ver. Analyze with 1.3 (Applied Biosystems).
- the comparative CT method can be used to assess growth factor enhancement (secretion enhancement) by comparative quantification (RQ). 18S is used as a housekeeping gene.
- Extracellular matrices and growth factors are usually formed at the implantation site of the device (non-woven fabric, bioabsorbable material) and in the vicinity (periphery), and in the coating (in the coating ) may be formed.
- the device of the present invention may realize the above (1) to (3) (furthermore, (4)) independently, but in particular, it may be realized by combining a plurality of them.
- a plurality of these factors furthermore, by combining angiogenesis, which will be described later
- various factors can work together to exert an effect, and the transplantation site can be efficiently activated.
- the device can usually be used for implantation as described above.
- the device of the present invention can be used by being implanted (dwelled) in the body of animals including humans.
- the implantation (dwelling) site can be activated ⁇ for example, (1) capsule formation, (2) extracellular matrix increase (secretory promotion), (3) growth factor increase ( secretion promotion) [furthermore, an increase in components other than extracellular matrix and growth factors (secretion promotion)] ⁇ .
- the device of the present invention may undergo angiogenesis (generate new blood vessels) through implantation (indwelling). As described above, the device of the present invention can achieve the above-described activation without exogenously administering growth factors. , may cause angiogenesis (mild angiogenesis), and such angiogenesis and capsule formation may be combined to activate the transplantation site.
- the degree of angiogenesis can be confirmed by, for example, immunohistochemical analysis, computed tomography (CT) angiography, and the like.
- vWF anti-von Willebrand factor
- ab7356 MerckMillipore
- EnVision+System-HRP-labeled polymer rabbit antibody 4003; DAKO
- Angiogenesis can be assessed by counting the cells themselves or vWF-positive cells in the interstitial area.
- CT computed tomography
- ExiTron nano 12000 an alkaline earth metal-based nanoparticle contrast agent specially formulated for animal CT, is preferably used.
- the nanoparticle contrast agent is intravenously injected from the tail vein or the like, and angiography is performed using an X-ray CT scanner for experimental animals (Latheta LCT-200; Hitachi).
- Angiogenesis can be assessed by calculating vascular volume for the tissue surrounding the cells or cell-containing device implanted.
- it is preferable to set the CT value of the blood vessel region to 100 or more.
- the device of the present invention may be used, and if necessary, another device [for example, a device containing a non-bioabsorbable material such as a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin (such as a resin described later), or the non-biological It may be implanted together with a device or the like containing growth factor-secreting cells (such as ADSC) in an absorbable material].
- a non-bioabsorbable material such as a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin (such as a resin described later), or the non-biological It may be implanted together with a device or the like containing growth factor-secreting cells (such as ADSC) in an absorbable material.
- ADSC growth factor-secreting cells
- the transplantation site is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include subcutaneous, subfascial, visceral surfaces (liver surface, splenic surface, etc.), intraperitoneal (eg, omentum), intramesenteric, intraperitoneal, and groin areas.
- the transplant site may be muscle tissue, adipose tissue (adipocytes), or the like.
- the implantation site is preferably subcutaneous (subcutaneous tissue).
- the device of the present invention can efficiently activate even a site with few blood vessels (regardless of angiogenesis).
- the method of implanting (dwelling) the device is not particularly limited, and may follow a commonly used or conventionally known method.
- implantable devices may also be known.
- the subject (transplantation subject) of the device of the present invention may be either humans or non-human animals (eg, mammals such as dogs and cats).
- the non-human animal may be a pet animal.
- a preferred subject is a human.
- the duration of placement of the device of the present invention depends on the site of implantation, etc., but for example, it is preferably left in place at the site of implantation for 1 week or more, more preferably 10 days to 3 months, and 2 weeks to 2 months. is particularly preferred.
- the implantation (dwelling) of the device of the present invention usually forms a coating containing gelatin (bioabsorbable material) derived from the device (nonwoven fabric).
- gelatin bioabsorbable material
- Such gelatin is considered to be bioabsorbed over time after the formation of the film, but at least within the range where the gelatin-containing film (film in which gelatin remains) can be maintained, the indwelling period (or until removal as described later) period) may be set.
- the device may be removed after a predetermined indwelling period.
- a device containing a non-bioabsorbable material is used as the device of the present invention
- at least the non-bioabsorbable material is often removed (removed from the implantation site) after implantation.
- the present invention also includes such withdrawal methods.
- the nonwoven fabric for example, 1 week to 3 months
- the nonwoven fabric gelatin, bioabsorbable material
- the non-bioabsorbable material is usually bioabsorbed, and at this time, the coating is often formed.
- the non-bioabsorbable material is not bioabsorbed and remains in the implanted site as it is, so it needs to be removed when the cell-containing device or the like is implanted later.
- Such removal is usually performed without causing bleeding, inflammation, blood vessels (newly formed blood vessels), breakage of the capsule (formed capsule), etc.
- bleeding, inflammation, and breakage of blood vessels and capsules cause blood and exudate to accumulate at the extraction site.
- non-bioabsorbable materials for example, silicone-based resins, polyvinyl alcohol-based resins, etc.
- indwelling period, etc. ensures that adhesion to the transplant site is unlikely to occur. Combined with this, in many cases, it can be removed efficiently without causing such bleeding, inflammation, or damage to the blood vessel.
- a graft pocket is formed at the graft site after removal.
- Such implant pockets may subsequently be implanted with cell-containing devices or the like, as described below.
- the implantation site of the device of the present invention is activated, another device or the like may be implanted in the implantation site.
- another device or the like may be implanted in the implantation site.
- implanting a device containing cells or tissues will be described in detail.
- the present invention also includes a method of implanting (indwelling) a device containing cells or tissues (a cell- or tissue-containing device, hereinafter sometimes referred to as a cell-containing device, device 2, etc.).
- a cell- or tissue-containing device hereinafter sometimes referred to as a cell-containing device, device 2, etc.
- cell-containing component may be performed in parallel (overlapping) with the implantation (dwelling) of the device (Device 1, gelatin-containing device), or may not be performed in parallel (overlapping). you don't have to)
- the device 1 may be implanted near (peripherally) or adjacent to the cell-containing device.
- the cell-containing device is implanted (removed from the device 1 (at least the non-bioabsorbable material)) at the transplanted (removed) site (implanted site, transplanted pocket) after the device 1 is transplanted [and the device 1 (at least the non-bioabsorbable material) is removed]. detention) may be used.
- the cell-containing device when a coating is formed by the device 1, the cell-containing device is implanted in a state (timing) in which the coating is formed (maintained) [in particular, gelatin is contained (remains) in the coating]. preferably.
- the device of the present invention is a device for use in combination with a cell-containing device, particularly when the cell-containing device is implanted at the implantation site (activated implantation site such as capsule formation) ( (implanted prior to implantation of a cell-containing device).
- the transplanted site (and its vicinity or periphery) can be activated, and the function of the cell-containing device can be efficiently exhibited.
- the function of the cell-containing device can be expressed. Cheap.
- the device 1 containing a non-bioabsorbable material by selecting the type of non-bioabsorbable material, adhesion is unlikely to occur, and the device 1 ( At least the non-bioabsorbable material) can be removed, and by transplanting to such a removed site, the cell-containing device is likely to function more efficiently.
- the cell-containing device can be efficiently transplanted to a transplant site where bleeding, inflammation, and blood vessel damage have not occurred.
- the cell-containing device can be transplanted (indwelled) without such a phenomenon, and the function of the cell-containing device can be efficiently exhibited in combination with the effect of activating the transplanted site as described above.
- Bleeding, inflammation, and rupture of blood vessels at the site of implantation can be visually confirmed, for example, before and after implantation [and removal (removal)] of the device 1 or before implantation of the cell-containing device.
- cell-containing devices include cells and tissues themselves, as well as devices in which cells and tissues are embedded (hereinafter sometimes referred to as cell-embedded devices).
- the cell-embedded device is not particularly limited, and for example, the cell-embedded devices described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 may be used. A specific description will be given below.
- the biological composition (cells or tissues) contained in the cell-containing device is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose of use.
- differentiated cells or stem cells derived from ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm can be used.
- Differentiated cells include, for example, epidermal cells, smooth muscle cells, osteocytes, bone marrow cells, chondrocytes, skeletal myoblasts, pancreatic real cells, pancreatic islet cells, pancreatic endocrine cells, pancreatic exocrine cells, pancreatic duct cells, liver cells (e.g. , hepatocytes), thyroid cells, parathyroid cells, adrenal cells, pituitary cells, splenocytes, pineal cells, kidney cells (renal cells), spleen cells, anterior lobe cells, growth hormone-secreting cells, dopamine-producing cells, blood Cells, cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscle cells, osteoblasts, nerve cells, pigment cells, adipocytes, etc. can be used.
- the above-mentioned cells may be cells isolated from living organisms as well as cells induced to differentiate from stem cells described later.
- the cells that can be induced to differentiate may be incorporated into a transplant or device, and then differentiated in vivo after transplant. may be used by incorporating it into the
- Stem cells include tissue stem cells (e.g., epidermal stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, pancreatic stem cells/pancreatic progenitor cells, hepatic stem cells, neural stem cells, retinal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, etc.), embryonic stem cells (ES cells), iPS cells ( Induced pluripotent stem cells, etc. can be used, but are not limited to these.
- tissue stem cells e.g., epidermal stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, pancreatic stem cells/pancreatic progenitor cells, hepatic stem cells, neural stem cells, retinal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, etc.
- ES cells embryonic stem cells
- iPS cells Induced pluripotent stem cells, etc.
- These cells are derived from mammals such as humans, monkeys, pigs, rats, mice, dogs, and cats, and produce and/or secrete physiologically active substances such as hormones and proteins that are useful for living bodies such as patients. , and the selection of cell type can be determined according to the type of disease in a living body such as a patient to be transplanted. Moreover, when these cells are other than human cells, they may be cells transfected with human genes for therapeutic purposes. Examples of hormones useful for living organisms include insulin, thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone, growth hormone, thyroxine, glucocorticoid, glucagon, estradiol, testosterone, and the like.
- proteins useful for living organisms include blood coagulation factors, complement, albumin, globulin, and various enzymes (metabolic enzymes or digestive enzymes such as amylase, protease, or lipase).
- enzymes metabolic enzymes or digestive enzymes such as amylase, protease, or lipase
- neurotransmitters such as dopamine.
- pancreatic cells islet cells
- hepatocytes dopamine-producing cells
- pancreatic cells pancreatic cells
- pancreatic progenitor (stem) cells are more preferred.
- pancreatic islets pancreatic cells
- hepatocytes their stem/progenitor cells, and the like may be preferably used.
- the biological composition used in the cell-containing device may be either laboratory-established cells or biological tissue, cells isolated from biological tissue, or the like, but should be differentiated non-dividing cells. preferable.
- the separation method is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method may be followed.
- pathogenic bacteria such as pathogenic viruses are removed from the cells separated from the living tissue.
- the content of the biological composition can be changed as appropriate according to the type of biological composition.
- the dosage is determined by the doctor in consideration of the patient's age, gender, symptoms, side effects, etc., so it is not possible to generalize, but usually about 1 to 10 devices per adult can be implanted in the body.
- IEQ international unit of pancreatic islet volume: the volume of an islet with a diameter of 150 ⁇ m is defined as 1 IEQ
- 5000 to 400000 IEQ the volume of an islet with a diameter of 150 ⁇ m is defined as 1 IEQ
- you can implant a device that
- a cell-embedded device forms a device in which a biological composition is embedded, as described above.
- the shape of such a cell-embedded device is not particularly limited, but it may be of the same system (especially the same shape) as the device 1 (especially non-bioabsorbable material). Examples of such a shape include the shapes exemplified above, including a disk shape, a spherical shape, a columnar shape, an ellipsoidal shape, etc., but a disk shape is preferable.
- the material of the cell-embedded device (the device part of the cell-embedded device) is not particularly limited, and polymers, metals, ceramics, etc. can be used.
- Polymers used in cell-embedded devices are not particularly limited, but examples include structural proteins (e.g., collagen, elastin, keratin, etc.), gelatin, glycosaminoglycans (e.g., hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfuric acid, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, heparin, etc.), plyteoglycan, cell adhesion molecules (e.g., fibronectin, laminin, fibrinogen, hydronectin, etc.), fibrin, fibroin, sericin, alginic acid, chitosan, agarose, cellulose, cellulose derivatives (e.g., cellulose nanofibers, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, etc.), synthetic polypeptides, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polycaprolactone, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, 2-methacryl
- the polymer may be a hydrophilic polymer (or water-soluble polymer).
- hydrophilic (water-soluble) polymers often become water-insoluble (for example, form a gel) due to cross-linking or the like in cell-embedded devices.
- the polymer may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- polyvinyl alcohol-based resins can be particularly preferably used. Therefore, the polymer may contain at least a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin will be described in detail below.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin may generally be a saponified product of a polymer containing at least a vinyl ester-based monomer as a polymerization component.
- a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin may have a vinyl alcohol unit, and a vinyl ester unit (or a unit derived from a vinyl ester-based monomer, such as a vinyl acetate unit, a vinyl pivalate unit, etc., which will be described later).
- unit derived from a vinyl ester and other units (for example, a unit derived from an unsaturated monomer having an active carbonyl group described later, a unit derived from another unsaturated monomer).
- the 4% by mass aqueous solution viscosity (20° C.) of the polyvinyl alcohol resin is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1 mPa s or more, 2 mPa s or more, 3 mPa s or more, 5 mPa s or more, 20 mPa s or more, 30 mPa s or more.
- s or more 40 mPa s or more, 50 mPa s or more, etc., 800 mPa s or less, 500 mPa s or less, 300 mPa s or less, 200 mPa s or less, 150 mPa s or less, 100 mPa s or less, 80 mPa s or less ⁇ It may be less than or equal to s.
- a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin having a 4% by mass aqueous solution viscosity of about 3 to 300 mPa ⁇ s may be suitably used.
- the viscosity of a 4% by mass aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol resin can be measured, for example, according to JIS K6726.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin can be selected according to its type, composition, etc., and is not particularly limited. It may be a resin (for example, less than 97 mol % of saponification degree).
- the degree of saponification (average degree of saponification) can be measured, for example, according to JIS K6726.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin (A) includes a modified polyvinyl alcohol-based resin (A1) having an active carbonyl group, a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin (A2) having a syndiotacticity of 32 to 40% in triad display, and a saponified At least one selected from polyvinyl alcohol-based resins (A3) having a molecular weight of 97 mol% or more may be preferably used.
- Modified polyvinyl alcohol resin having active carbonyl group A modified polyvinyl alcohol resin having an active carbonyl group (herein, also simply referred to as a "modified PVA-based resin") is obtained, for example, by copolymerizing a fatty acid vinyl ester and an unsaturated monomer having an active carbonyl group. obtained by directly contacting a compound having an active carbonyl group such as a liquid diketene or a diketene gas with a copolymer-modified PVA produced by saponifying the obtained copolymer, or a PVA or modified PVA-based resin produced by a known method. Although post-modified PVA can be used, copolymer-modified PVA is preferable from the viewpoint of the stability and safety of the PVA-based resin and workability in the gelation step.
- the fatty acid vinyl ester used in producing the copolymerized modified PVA is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl pivalate and the like. preferred. These can be produced by conventionally known various polymerization methods such as bulk polymerization, solution polymerization, suspension polymerization, and emulsion polymerization. Among them, solution polymerization using an alcohol solvent such as methanol is industrially preferable.
- the unsaturated monomer having an active carbonyl group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include diacetone acrylamide, diacetone methacrylamide, diacetone acrylate, diacetone methacrylate, acetoacetoxy acrylamide, acetoacetoxy methacrylamide, and the like. mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among them, diacetone acrylamide is industrially preferred, and as the copolymer-modified PVA, diacetone acrylamide-modified PVA is preferred.
- a fatty acid vinyl ester and an unsaturated monomer having an active carbonyl group are used within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- Other copolymerizable unsaturated monomers may be used.
- unsaturated monomers include, for example, carboxyl group-containing unsaturated monomers [e.g., (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, undecylenic acid, etc.], Unsaturated dibasic acid monoalkyl esters (e.g., monomethyl maleate, monomethyl itaconate, etc.), amide group-containing unsaturated monomers (e.g., acrylamide, dimethylacrylamide, dimethylaminoethylacrylamide, diethylacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylacrylamide , isopropylacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, N-vinylacetamide, etc.), vinyl halides (e.g., vinyl chloride, vinyl fluoride, etc.), unsaturated monomers having a glycidyl group (e.g., allyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl methacryl
- pentenes e.g., 4,5-dihydroxy-1-pentene, 4,5-diacyloxy-1-pentene, 4,5-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1-pentene, 4,5-diacyloxy-3-methyl - 1-pentene, etc.
- hexenes e.g., 5,6-dihydroxy-1-hexene, 5,6-diacyloxy-1-hexene, etc.
- amine unsaturated monomers e.g., N,N-dimethylallylamine, N-Allylpperazine, 3-piperidine acrylic acid ethyl ester, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 2-methyl-6-vinylpyridine, 5-ethyl-2-vinylpyridine, 5-butenylpyridine, 4-pentenylpyridine, 2 -(4-pyridyl) allyl alcohol, etc.], an unsaturated monomer having a quaternary ammonium compound (
- the content of other unsaturated monomers is not particularly defined, it may be, for example, 10 mol or less per 100 mol of the vinyl ester monomer.
- the obtained copolymerized modified PVA may be subjected to acetalization, urethanization, etherification, grafting, phosphate esterification, acetoacetylation, cationization, etc. using a known method within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. It may be post-denatured by reaction.
- the polymerization catalyst used in producing the copolymerized modified PVA is not particularly limited, but an azo compound or a peroxide is usually used. Further, during polymerization, an organic acid such as tartaric acid, citric acid, or acetic acid may be added for the purpose of preventing hydrolysis of the fatty acid vinyl ester.
- a polymerization terminator can be used to terminate the polymerization, although it is not particularly limited.
- the polymerization terminator is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include m-dinitrobenzene and the like.
- the shape of the polymerization vessel when the fatty acid vinyl ester and the unsaturated monomer having an active carbonyl group are copolymerized, the shape of the polymerization vessel, the type of the polymerization stirrer, the polymerization temperature, the pressure in the polymerization vessel, etc. Any known method may be used.
- the method for saponifying the copolymer of the fatty acid vinyl ester and the unsaturated monomer having an active carbonyl group is not particularly limited, and conventionally known methods may be followed.
- An alcoholysis or hydrolysis reaction using a basic catalyst such as potassium hydroxide or sodium methoxide or an acid catalyst such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid can be applied.
- Solvents used in the saponification reaction include alcohols such as methanol and ethanol; esters such as methyl acetate; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene; can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the saponification temperature, time, etc. are not particularly limited.
- the method for drying, pulverizing, and washing the saponified product is not particularly limited, and known methods may be used.
- the unsaturated monomer (e.g., diacetoneacrylamide) unit content having an active carbonyl group is , an unsaturated monomer having an active carbonyl group (e.g., diacetone acrylamide)-modified PVA total amount (total amount of monomers), for example, 0.5 to 20 mol%, preferably 0.5 to 15 mol %, more preferably 1 to 12 mol %, still more preferably 2 to 10 mol % (eg, 3 to 8 mol %).
- the unsaturated monomer having an active carbonyl group for example, diacetone acrylamide
- the cross-linking agent there are many reaction sites with the cross-linking agent, and sufficient strength (stress ) can be obtained, and when it is 20 mol % or less, the solubility in water is improved.
- the saponification degree of the modified PVA-based resin is not particularly limited, but is preferably 80 mol% or more (eg, 80 to 99.9 mol%), more preferably 88 mol% or more (eg, 88 to 99.9 mol%). ), more preferably 95 mol % or more (for example, 95 to 99.9 mol %).
- the viscosity of the modified PVA-based resin can be varied, but the viscosity of a 4% by mass aqueous solution of the modified PVA-based resin (20° C.) is preferably 2 to 500 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 3 to 300 mPa ⁇ s.
- the degree of saponification and the viscosity of the 4% by mass aqueous solution may be values measured according to JIS K-6726.
- polyvinyl alcohol resin whose syndiotacticity is 32 to 40% in terms of triad
- a polyvinyl alcohol resin having a syndiotacticity of 32 to 40% in terms of triad (herein, also simply referred to as "high syndio PVA resin”) can be preferably used.
- the syndiotacticity of the high syndio PVA-based resin is preferably 32 to 40%, more preferably 33 to 39%, and particularly preferably 34 to 38% in terms of triad.
- syndiotacticity is 32% or more, it is likely to form an aqueous gel, and if it is 40% or less, the production of an aqueous gel is facilitated.
- the syndiotacticity indicated by the triad can be obtained by dissolving the high syndio PVA-based resin in heavy DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) and measuring the peak of the hydroxyl group by proton NMR measurement.
- the method for producing the high syndio PVA resin is not particularly limited as long as the syndiotacticity is 32 to 40% by triad display, but it can be easily obtained by saponifying a vinyl ester polymer obtained by a conventionally known method. be done. That is, the high syndio PVA-based resin is a saponified product of a vinyl ester polymer.
- the method for producing the vinyl ester polymer is not particularly limited as long as it is a method for polymerizing a vinyl ester monomer, and a conventionally known method may be used.
- any known method may be used for the shape of the polymerization vessel, the type of the polymerization stirrer, the polymerization temperature, the pressure inside the polymerization vessel, and the like.
- the polymerization method conventionally known various polymerization methods such as bulk polymerization, solution polymerization, suspension polymerization and emulsion polymerization are possible. Considering the control of the degree of polymerization and the saponification reaction performed after polymerization, solution polymerization using alcohol as a solvent, or suspension polymerization using water or water and alcohol as a dispersion medium is preferable, but is limited to these. is not.
- vinyl ester-based monomers examples include vinyl esters such as fatty acid vinyl esters and non-fatty acid vinyl esters (for example, vinyl formate, aromatic carboxylic acid vinyl esters, etc.), and PVA having high syndiotacticity.
- C 3-15 fatty acid vinyl esters for example, linear or branched C 3-15 fatty acid vinyl esters such as vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, and vinyl pivalate, preferably C 3- 10 fatty acid vinyl ester (e.g., linear or branched C 3-10 fatty acid vinyl ester, etc.)]
- C 3-15 fatty acid vinyl ester having a substituent (e.g., halogen group) e.g., trifluorovinyl acetate, vinyl trichloroacetate] vinyl formate and the like.
- These vinyl esters can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- a vinyl ester having a bulky side chain such as vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, or vinyl pivalate is homopolymerized or copolymerized, and then saponified with an alkali catalyst.
- a method of homopolymerizing or copolymerizing a highly polar vinyl ester such as vinyl formate, vinyl trifluoroacetate and vinyl trichloroacetate, followed by saponification with an alkali catalyst.
- a method of polymerizing vinyl pivalate and then saponifying it with an alkali catalyst is preferably used.
- a production example in which the syndiotacticity by triad display is 37.1% is described in the following examples. Reducing the syndiotacticity by triad expression from 37.1% means, for example, that when vinyl pivalate is polymerized, a copolymer of vinyl pivalate and vinyl acetate can be obtained in the presence of vinyl acetate, and that the polymerization temperature is reduced. This can be achieved by raising Also, increasing the syndiotacticity by triad display from 37.1% can be achieved, for example, by lowering the polymerization temperature in the above production example. In either case, the obtained high syndio PVA resin can be dissolved in heavy DMSO and determined from the peak of hydroxyl group by proton NMR measurement. Can be used for inventions.
- the vinyl ester polymer may contain other unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with the vinyl ester as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- unsaturated monomers include, for example, carboxyl group-containing unsaturated monomers [e.g., (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, undecylenic acid, etc.], Unsaturated dibasic acid monoalkyl esters (e.g., monomethyl maleate, monomethyl itaconate, etc.), amide group-containing unsaturated monomers (e.g., acrylamide, dimethylacrylamide, dimethylaminoethylacrylamide, diethylacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylacrylamide , isopropylacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, N-vinylacetamide, etc.), vinyl halides (e.g., vinyl chloride, vinyl fluoride, ethylene glycol glyco
- pentenes e.g., 4,5-dihydroxy-1-pentene, 4,5-diacyloxy-1-pentene, 4,5-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1-pentene, 4,5-diacyloxy-3-methyl - 1-pentene, etc.
- hexenes e.g., 5,6-dihydroxy-1-hexene, 5,6-diacyloxy-1-hexene, etc.
- amine unsaturated monomers e.g., N,N-dimethylallylamine, N-Allylpperazine, 3-piperidine acrylic acid ethyl ester, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 2-methyl-6-vinylpyridine, 5-ethyl-2-vinylpyridine, 5-butenylpyridine, 4-pentenylpyridine, 2 -(4-pyridyl) allyl alcohol, etc.], an unsaturated monomer having a quaternary ammonium compound (
- a polymerization catalyst can be used in the polymerization.
- the polymerization catalyst is not particularly limited, azo compounds and peroxides are usually used.
- an organic acid such as tartaric acid, citric acid, or acetic acid may be added for the purpose of preventing hydrolysis of the fatty acid vinyl ester.
- a polymerization terminator can be used to terminate the polymerization.
- the polymerization terminator is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include m-dinitrobenzene and the like.
- the polymerization temperature is not particularly limited and may be any known polymerization temperature. More preferably, it is 0 to 120°C.
- a vinyl ester polymer is obtained as described above.
- the method for the saponification reaction of the obtained polymer is not particularly limited, and may be according to a conventionally known method. , p-toluenesulfonic acid, etc., can be used for alcoholysis or hydrolysis reaction. Before and after the saponification reaction, the syndiotacticity of the polymer usually hardly changes.
- Solvents used in the saponification reaction include alcohols such as methanol and ethanol; esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene; These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the saponification temperature, time, etc. are not particularly limited.
- the method for drying, pulverizing, and washing the saponified product is not particularly limited, and known methods may be used.
- a saponified product of the vinyl ester polymer that is, the highly syndio PVA-based resin of the present invention is obtained.
- Reactions such as acetalization, urethanization, etherification, grafting, phosphate esterification, acetoacetylation, and cationization of the obtained high syndio PVA-based resin using known methods within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention may be post-modified by
- the degree of saponification of the high syndio PVA-based resin is preferably 90 to 99.9 mol%, more preferably 98 to 99.9 mol%, still more preferably 99 to 99.9 mol%.
- the degree of saponification of the high syndio PVA-based resin can be obtained, for example, by measuring proton NMR in a heavy DMSO solution.
- the degree of polymerization of the high syndio PVA resin is preferably 100 to 10000, more preferably 500 to 8000, still more preferably 1000 to 5000, and particularly preferably 1000 from the viewpoint of relatively easy handling. ⁇ 3000. If the degree of polymerization is 100 or more, the resin strength (stress) is high and it is easy to prepare a shape-retaining aqueous gel. If the polymerization degree is 10000 or less, the aqueous solution is easy to handle.
- the degree of polymerization is the degree of polymerization in terms of polyvinyl acetate at 30°C in a benzene solution described in JIS K6725 in the resin before saponification.
- polyvinyl alcohol resin with saponification degree of 97 mol% or more As the polyvinyl alcohol resin, as described above, a polyvinyl alcohol resin having a degree of saponification of 97 mol % or more (in this specification, simply referred to as "completely saponified PVA resin") can also be used.
- the degree of saponification of the completely saponified PVA-based resin is preferably 97 mol% or more (eg, 97 to 99.9 mol%), more preferably 98 mol% or more (eg, 98 to 99.9 mol%), and 98.5. mol % or more (for example, 98.5 to 99.9 mol %) is particularly preferred.
- the degree of polymerization of the completely saponified PVA-based resin is, for example, 100 to 10,000, preferably 500 to 9,000, even more preferably 1,000 to 8,000, and particularly preferably 1,500 to 5,000.
- the cell-embedded device (the polymer that constitutes the cell-embedded device) may further contain a cross-linking agent.
- the cross-linking agent is not particularly limited, and can be selected according to the type of polymer and the like.
- a polymer having a functional group for example, a hydrazino group, etc.
- a polymer having a functional group for example, a hydrazino group, etc.
- cross-linking agents examples include hydrazide compounds and semicarbazide compounds.
- hydrazide compounds and semicarbazide compounds having two or more functional groups selected from the group represented by the following formulas (1) to (3) in the molecule are preferable. These can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- -NH- NH2 (1) —CO—NH—NH 2 (2) —NH—CO—NH—NH 2 (3)
- hydrazide compounds include carbohydrazide, dicarboxylic acid hydrazide [fatty acid dicarboxylic acid hydrazide (e.g., oxalic acid dihydrazide, malonic acid dihydrazide, succinic acid dihydrazide, glutaric acid dihydrazide, adipic acid dihydrazide, pimelic acid dihydrazide, suberic acid dihydrazide, azelaic acid dihydrazide, sebacic acid dihydrazide, dodecanedioic acid dihydrazide, hexadecanedioic acid dihydrazide, etc.), aromatic dicarboxylic acid hydrazides (e.g., terephthalic acid dihydrazide, isophthalic acid dihydrazide, 2,6-naphthoic acid dihydrazide, 4,4' -bisbenzene dihydrazide, etc.),
- semicarbazide compound examples include N,N'-hexamethylenebissemicarbazide and biurettrietri (hexamethylenesemicarbazide). Derivatives obtained by reacting these hydrazide compounds and semicarbazide compounds with low boiling point ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone may also be used.
- dicarboxylic acid hydrazides, polyacrylic hydrazides and the like are preferred, adipic acid dihydrazides, polyacrylic acid hydrazides and the like are more preferred, and polyacrylic acid hydrazides are particularly preferred. It can be preferably used from the viewpoint of high efficiency.
- the cross-linking agent can be used alone or in combination of two or more of the above cross-linking agents.
- the amount of the cross-linking agent added is preferably 1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 25 parts by mass, and 3 to 20 parts by mass (eg, 4 to 15 parts by mass) is more preferable.
- the cross-linking density becomes high and sufficient strength (stress) as a cell-embedded device can be obtained. It is preferable from the viewpoint of being able to
- the molecular weight range is not particularly limited. More preferably, 800,000 (eg, about 10,000 to 300,000, about 1,000 to 200,000, about 10,000 to 100,000).
- the hydrazide conversion rate of polyacrylic acid hydrazide is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more, further preferably 70% or more, and 80% or more. Especially preferred.
- the molecular weight and hydrazide conversion rate of polyacrylic acid hydrazide may be appropriately adjusted within a range in which the effects of the present invention are not hindered, for example, if the molecular weight is small, the hydrazide conversion rate is increased, and if the molecular weight is large, the hydrazide conversion rate is decreased.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin may form a gel [especially an aqueous gel (hydrogel)] or a sponge.
- a gel depending on the type of polymer, for example, it may be crosslinked (gel crosslinked) with a crosslinking agent or the like described later. ) to form a gel.
- the polymer concentration may be, for example, 0.3-20%, preferably 0.5-10%, more preferably 1-8% (eg, 3-8%). Such a range is preferable from the viewpoint that the device shape can be maintained in the body for a long period of time after the device for forming a film is implanted in an animal.
- the content of the cross-linking agent can be appropriately selected according to the type of cross-linking agent and desired strength. It may be at least 1 part by mass, preferably at least 1 part by mass, more preferably at least 3 parts by mass, and may be at most 20 parts by mass, preferably at most 18 parts by mass, more preferably at most 15 parts by mass.
- the method for forming (forming) the gel includes, for example, a mixed solution containing a polymer [e.g., polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, and optionally a cross-linking agent, etc.]
- a method of pouring an aqueous solution which may be in a sol state
- a method of processing the obtained gel into the desired shape with a knife or the like is particularly advantageous.
- a mixed liquid (particularly an aqueous solution) containing a polymer goes through a sol state before reaching a gel state.
- a polymer eg, polyvinyl alcohol resin, and optionally a cross-linking agent, etc.
- sol states are also understood to be within the scope of the present invention as gel equivalents of the present invention.
- the solid content concentration of the mixed liquid is, for example, 0.3 to 20% by mass, preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass, more preferably 1 to 8% by mass. be. Such a range is preferable from the viewpoint of maintaining the shape of the device in the body for a long period of time and maintaining the anti-adhesion ability.
- the preparation method when preparing an aqueous solution containing a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, the preparation method is not particularly limited. It can be prepared by a conventionally known method of dissolving PVA, which is followed by cooling.
- the cross-linking agent may be used as an aqueous solution.
- the method for preparing the aqueous solution of the cross-linking agent is not particularly limited. °C for 10 minutes, etc.), and then allowed to stand at room temperature.
- the aqueous solution of the polyvinyl alcohol resin and the aqueous solution of the cross-linking agent are desirably sterilized by a conventionally known method such as autoclave treatment, UV, ⁇ -ray or filter treatment.
- a conventionally known method such as autoclave treatment, UV, ⁇ -ray or filter treatment.
- a method of adding a pore-forming agent during the production of the gel and a method of forming pores by drying (eg, freeze-drying) the obtained gel are preferably used.
- a water-soluble polymer, a water-soluble inorganic substance, an organic solvent, or the like can be used as the pore-forming agent.
- starch is preferably used.
- a sponge is formed by adding a cross-linking agent (for example, formalin) to an aqueous solution containing polyvinyl alcohol-based resin and starch, gelling the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, and then washing the starch with water.
- a cross-linking agent for example, formalin
- a drying treatment may be performed after forming the sponge.
- a cell-containing device may contain a cell culture component.
- cell culture components include, but are not limited to, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens and glucose. etc. are preferably used.
- the Na concentration may be adjusted to preferably 20-150 mEq/L, more preferably 80-140 mEq/L.
- the K concentration may be adjusted to preferably 2.5-130 mEq/L, more preferably 3.5-40 mEq/L.
- Cl the Cl concentration may be adjusted to preferably 15-170 mEq/L, more preferably 100-150 mEq/L.
- Ca the Ca concentration may be adjusted to preferably 0.5-5 mEq/L, more preferably 1-3 mEq/L.
- glucose the glucose concentration may be adjusted to preferably 1-11 mM, more preferably 3-7 mM.
- Cell culture components are not particularly limited. of Wisconsin solution), cytoprotective components (e.g., dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), serum albumin, etc.), components that prevent contamination by bacteria (e.g., antibiotics, etc.), components that maintain cell activity (e.g., nicotine vitamins such as amides), etc., preferably known cell culture media and the like.
- cytoprotective components e.g., dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), serum albumin, etc.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- serum albumin e.g., etc.
- components that prevent contamination by bacteria e.g., antibiotics, etc.
- components that maintain cell activity e.g., nicotine vitamins such as amides
- nicotine vitamins such as amides
- cell culture components may be used in combination with other components (eg, sustained-release agents, tonicity agents, pH adjusters, etc.).
- the cell-containing device may further contain components other than these.
- cell-containing devices may contain growth factors (cell growth factors), cytokines, other physiologically active substances, blood flow promoting substances, neurotrophic factors, and the like.
- Growth factors include, for example, the above-exemplified growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and insulin.
- EGF epidermal growth factor
- HGF hepatocyte growth factor
- insulin insulin
- Cytokines include, for example, hematopoietic factors (eg, interleukins, chemokines, colony-stimulating factors, etc.), tumor necrosis factor, interferons, and the like.
- physiologically active substances include, for example, amino acids (eg, glycine, phenylalanine, lysine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, etc.), vitamins (eg, biotin, pantothenic acid, vitamin D, etc.), serum albumin, antibiotics, and the like.
- amino acids eg, glycine, phenylalanine, lysine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, etc.
- vitamins eg, biotin, pantothenic acid, vitamin D, etc.
- serum albumin e.g., antibiotics, and the like.
- Blood flow-promoting substances include, for example, citrulline or its salts, capsaicin, and capsaicinoids.
- neurotrophic factors examples include NGF (nerve growth factor), BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), NT-3 (neurotrophin-3), NT -4 (neurotrophin-4; neurotrophin-4), GDNF (Glial-Cell Derived Neurotrophic Factor; glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor), neurturin, artemin, persephin, etc. .
- the amount of these components added is not particularly limited.
- a cell-containing device may form a gel.
- Such gels usually have a predetermined strength (stress). Such strength may be a stress that does not easily collapse during implantation.
- the strength of the gel depends on the type of polymer (for example, type of polyvinyl alcohol resin, viscosity of 4% aqueous solution, degree of saponification, degree of denaturation, syndiotacticity, etc.), type of cross-linking agent, amount added, solid content concentration of gel, etc. Although it cannot be generalized because it varies depending on the may be
- the gel stress can be measured, for example, using Shimadzu Corporation's small desktop tester EZTest EZ-SX according to its instruction manual.
- the shape of the gel is not particularly limited, but examples include sheet-like, plate-like, board-like, rod-like, tube-like, bead-like, and the like.
- the size of the gel (especially aqueous gel) can be appropriately selected according to the transplant site, its size, etc., and is not particularly limited. 0.5 to 2 mm is more preferred, and 0.7 to 1.5 mm is particularly preferred.
- a cell-containing device may contain a support substrate.
- gels eg, scaffolding gels
- a supporting substrate useful as a reinforcing material for their reinforcement and/or ease of manipulation.
- a gel especially aqueous gel
- a base material such as a resin mesh sheet for reinforcement and simplification of operability. good.
- the material of the supporting substrate is not limited, but examples thereof include polymers [e.g., PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), Teflon (registered trademark), etc.], metals, and the like. It is preferable that the material does not decompose or degrade in vivo, but it may be decomposed in vivo after a certain period of time.
- polymers e.g., PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), Teflon (registered trademark), etc.
- the mesh size of the mesh sheet is such that oxygen to be permeated, inorganic and organic nutrients, and molecules with a diameter of about 5 nm, which is assumed to be the largest among various hormones (for example, physiologically active substances including hormones such as insulin). It is usually 5 to 100 nm, preferably 10 nm, so as not to permeate molecules with a diameter of about 50 nm (eg, antibodies, complements, etc.), which are assumed to be the smallest among immune-related cells and immune-related substances to be permeated and blocked from permeation. ⁇ 50 nm, more preferably 20-30 nm.
- a cell-containing device may have, for example, an immunoisolation layer containing a polymer [eg, polyvinyl alcohol-based resin (A)].
- the polymer gel-forming polymer
- the immunoisolation layer or have an immunoisolation function).
- the immune isolation layer includes, for example, glucose; hormones such as insulin, thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone, growth hormone, thyroxine, glucocorticoid, glucagon, estradiol, or testosterone; blood proteins such as coagulation factors, albumin, globulin, various enzymes (metabolic enzymes or digestive enzymes such as amylase, protease, or lipase); neurotransmitters such as dopamine; It means a layer (function) impermeable to proteins of the immune system such as.
- a cell-containing device may be, for example, a bioartificial organ.
- a cell-containing device (cell-embedded device) can be manufactured, for example, by coexisting (existing) a biological composition and a polymer (and other components).
- the method of forming (forming) the gel includes, for example, a polymer [e.g., a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, and optionally a biocomposition, a cross-linking agent, a cell culture component, etc.].
- a polymer e.g., a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, and optionally a biocomposition, a cross-linking agent, a cell culture component, etc.
- a method of pouring a mixed solution especially an aqueous solution (may be in a sol state)] containing into a mold of the desired shape before gelling, a method of processing the obtained gel into the desired shape with a knife etc. etc.
- a mixed solution (especially an aqueous solution) containing a polymer [e.g., polyvinyl alcohol resin, and optionally, a biological composition, a cross-linking agent, a cell culture component, etc.] is in a sol state before reaching a gel state.
- a polymer e.g., polyvinyl alcohol resin, and optionally, a biological composition, a cross-linking agent, a cell culture component, etc.
- sol states are also understood to be within the scope of the present invention as gel equivalents of the present invention.
- the solid content concentration of the mixed liquid is, for example, 0.3 to 20% by mass, preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass, more preferably 1 to 8% by mass. be. Such a range is preferable from the viewpoint of maintaining the shape of the cell-embedded device in the body for a long period of time after implantation and maintaining the anti-adhesion ability.
- each component may be mixed at the same time, and a mixed solution (for example, an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol resin) containing a polymer (and optionally a cross-linking agent or cell culture component) is prepared in advance. , may be prepared by mixing biological compositions.
- a mixed solution for example, an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol resin
- a polymer and optionally a cross-linking agent or cell culture component
- the preparation method is not particularly limited.
- the resin is dispersed in water at room temperature, heated to 80 ° C. or higher with stirring, and completely dissolved It can be prepared by a conventionally known method of dissolving PVA, which is followed by cooling.
- the cross-linking agent may be used as an aqueous solution.
- the method for preparing the aqueous solution of the cross-linking agent is not particularly limited. °C for 10 minutes, etc.), and then allowed to stand at room temperature.
- the aqueous solution of the polyvinyl alcohol resin and the aqueous solution of the cross-linking agent are desirably sterilized by a conventionally known method such as autoclave treatment, UV, ⁇ -ray or filter treatment.
- a conventionally known method such as autoclave treatment, UV, ⁇ -ray or filter treatment.
- the mixture (or its aqueous solution) of the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin aqueous solution and the cross-linking agent (if necessary, the biocomposition and/or cell culture components are mixed) may be left alone.
- the leaving temperature may be a temperature suitable for storing the biological composition.
- the standing time (time for gelation, gelation time) when producing a gel can be appropriately selected depending on the concentration of the polymer (polyvinyl alcohol resin, etc.), the amount of the cross-linking agent, the standing temperature, etc. At normal temperature, it is usually about 1 hour to 1 week. A period of 1 hour or more is preferable from the viewpoint of not easily collapsing when the cell-embedded device is left in the body.
- a pH buffer solution or the like is added to a mixed solution of the modified PVA-based resin and a cross-linking agent (and, if necessary, MSCs and/or cell culture components are mixed).
- a cross-linking agent and, if necessary, MSCs and/or cell culture components are mixed.
- a polymer mixture containing cell culture components or its gel e.g., polyvinyl alcohol-based resin-containing aqueous solution or aqueous gel
- a substrate or substrate substrate (slide glass, etc.)
- a PET mesh e.g., Co., Ltd.
- a supporting substrate such as PET mesh sheet (trade name: TN120, etc., manufactured by Sunplatic Co., Ltd.) is covered, and the polymer mixture or its gel (for example, polyvinyl alcohol-based resin-containing aqueous solution or aqueous gel) is placed on the supporting substrate.
- a mixture obtained by dissolving or dispersing (suspending) a biological composition (dissolution or dispersion (suspension)) is placed on the substrate, and the mixture is spread on the support substrate using a gel loading tip or the like.
- a support substrate PET mesh, etc.
- a polymer mixture containing cell culture components or a gel thereof e.g., Separating (removing) the base material or substrate (slide glass, etc.) from a structure constructed by placing a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin-containing aqueous solution or aqueous gel) and covering it with a base material or substrate (slide glass, etc.)
- a cell-containing device of one embodiment is obtained.
- the present invention also includes a method of transplantation (a method of transplanting a cell-containing device).
- a method of transplantation a method of transplanting a cell-containing device.
- the cell-containing device is implanted at the implantation site (extraction site) after the device 1 has been implanted (and at least the non-bioabsorbable material has been removed).
- various diseases or symptoms can be prevented or ameliorated in response to biological compositions (cells or tissues). Therefore, the present invention also includes methods for preventing and/or treating (ameliorating) such diseases or conditions.
- the cell-containing device is implanted after implantation of the device 1 (and at least removal of non-bioabsorbable material), although of course the method involves implanting the device 1 prior to such implantation.
- a step of transplanting may be included.
- Symptoms or diseases include, for example, endocrine diseases (e.g., thyroid disease, parathyroid disease, adrenal disease, pituitary disease, pineal disease, etc.), metabolic diseases (e.g., ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, hyperammonemia disease, hypercholesterolemia, homocystinuria, glycogen storage disease, Crigler-Nager syndrome, Wilson's disease), diabetes (e.g., type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, pancreatic diabetes, etc.), neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease) , Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinocerebellar degeneration, etc.), hemophilia, bone diseases (eg, osteoporosis), cancer (eg, leukemia, etc.), and the like.
- endocrine diseases e.g., thyroid disease, parathyroid disease, adrenal disease, pituitary disease, pineal disease, etc.
- metabolic diseases e.g., or
- the implantation (dwelling) period of the cell-containing device is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 10 days or longer, 1 month or longer, 2 months or longer, 3 months or longer, 6 months or longer, 1 year or longer, and the like.
- the device 1 of the present invention can be suitably used in combination with cell-containing devices. Therefore, the present invention also includes combination devices (kits, devices, combinations) comprising said device 1 and a cell-containing device.
- Fiber diameter of nonwoven fabric and degree of change in its length direction Using 50 fibers arbitrarily selected from scanning electron microscope (SEM, Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, FlexSEM 1000, 100 and 500 times) photographs of the nonwoven fabric, the average fiber diameter and the degree of change thereof were measured.
- the I2 /MeOH solution was titrated with a 0.1M sodium thiosulfate standard solution. (It was 0.047M in this measurement.) 3. Each polymer sample was precisely weighed and dissolved in 20 mL of deionized water. 4. 2.0 mL of 0.047 M I 2 /MeOH solution was added to the solution of 3. 5. Iodine back titration was performed with 0.1 M sodium thiosulfate standard.
- the islet-containing device was subcutaneously implanted in rats or mice, and the function of the islet-containing device was evaluated. Specifically, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats implanted with pancreatic islet-containing devices, blood glucose levels were measured over time to confirm the healing effect.
- Glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) It was performed 43-47 days after implantation of the islet-containing device. D-glucose (1.0 g/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into mice fasted for 14 hours and blood glucose was measured at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after injection. Concentration was measured. A blood glucose curve was then generated and the area under the curve (AUC) was used for comparison.
- CT angiography was performed 6 weeks after device (implanted device, device 1) implantation. Prior to CT imaging, 4 ⁇ L/g body weight of ExiTron nano 12000 (Miltenyi Biotec) was injected intravenously through the tail vein. These nanoparticles have an average diameter of 110 nm, with a diameter of 110 nm being the threshold for detectable neovessel size.
- CT angiography was performed using an X-ray CT scanner for laboratory animals (Latheta LCT-200; Hitachi). Vascular volume was calculated for the capsule tissue around the non-bioabsorbable material. In order to extract microvessels, the CT value of the blood vessel region was defined as 100 or more.
- Immunohistochemical analysis It was performed 7 days after implantation of the islet-containing device. After fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde, they were embedded in paraffin for immunohistochemical staining. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using anti-von Willebrand factor (vWF) (ab7356; MerckMillipore), anti-collagen III (ab7778; Abcam), anti-collagen IV (ab6586; Abcam) and laminin (ab11575; Abcam) antibodies. Carried out. EnVision+ System- HRP-labeled polymer rabbit antibody (4003; DAKO) was used as secondary antibody. For assessment of angiogenesis, vWF-positive cells in islets and interstitial areas were counted. Positive collagen III, collagen IV, and laminin staining was defined as significant immunopositivity detectable in capsular tissue around the islets.
- vWF anti-von Willebrand factor
- Relative gene expression was determined using TaqMan Array 96-well FAST plates (4413257; Applied Biosystems).
- the TaqMan Array contains 46 target genes and 2 endogenous control gene candidates. Samples were incubated at 50°C for 2 minutes, 95°C for 20 seconds, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 1 second and 60°C for 20 seconds using the StepOnePlus Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) system (Applied Biosystems). Analysis was performed under cycling amplification conditions. The result is the Expression Suite Software ver. 1.3 (Applied Biosystems). Comparative quantification (RQ) was calculated using the comparative CT method. To determine the relative gene expression of the device-implanted group, the nonwoven group was designated as the calibrator. 18S was used as a housekeeping gene.
- Example 1 Preparation of nonwoven fabric
- Nitta Gelatin Co., Ltd. (jelly strength: 262 g, raw material: alkali-treated bovine bone) was used as gelatin and dissolved at a temperature of 60°C with a gelatin:water ratio of 3:5 (gelatin concentration: 37.5% by mass). .
- the viscosity at 60° C. was 960-970 mPa ⁇ s.
- a nonwoven fabric Long-fiber nonwoven fabric was produced using the nonwoven fabric production apparatus shown in FIG. 4 described in WO2018-235745.
- the temperature of the spinning solution is 60° C.
- the nozzle diameter (inner diameter) is 250 ⁇ m
- the discharge pressure is 0.2 MPa
- the nozzle height is 5 mm
- the air pressure is 0.375 MPa
- the air temperature is 100° C.
- the distance between the fluid injection port and the nozzle discharge port is 5 mm
- the nonwoven fabric was wound up with a winding roller at a collection distance of 50 cm.
- the nonwoven fabric was then air-dried overnight at room temperature and then heat-dehydrated and crosslinked.
- the cross-linking conditions were a temperature of 140° C. and 48 hours.
- the obtained nonwoven fabric was punched into a cylindrical shape (thickness: 0.5 mm) with a diameter of ⁇ 22 mm to obtain a nonwoven fabric 1 .
- the obtained nonwoven fabric was allowed to stand overnight in purified water at 37°C.
- the nonwoven fabric after standing has a compression deformation rate of 15.1%, a visible light transmittance of 21.7%, an average fiber diameter of 49.6 ⁇ m, and a fiber diameter that varies in the range of 32.1 to 73.3 ⁇ m.
- the fact that the fiber intersections of the nonwoven fabric are at least partially welded was observed with an inverted microscope ("CKX53" manufactured by Olympus, 4x) equipped with a digital microscope (manufactured by Zeiss, product name "AxioCAM ERc5"). and confirmed.
- the moisture content of the nonwoven fabric 1 was 79.3%.
- a non-bioabsorbable material 2 was obtained by punching a commercially available silicone rubber (manufactured by AS ONE, model number 6-611-02, thickness 1 mm) into a cylindrical shape (thickness 0.5 mm) with a diameter of 26 mm.
- the two nonwoven fabrics 1 were allowed to stand still for 1 minute in physiological saline at 22° C. and were sufficiently swollen.
- Two swollen non-woven fabrics 1 are attached to the upper and lower surfaces of a non-bioabsorbable material 2, and the non-bioabsorbable material 2 is fixed to the non-bioabsorbable material 2 by suturing to obtain a device (implantation device, device 1). rice field.
- the device (implantation device, device 1) was placed subcutaneously in 12- to 14-week-old male Wistar rats (Japan LSC) for 6 weeks. No hemorrhage or exudate was observed under the skin before the device was placed, and no capsule was observed. A coating was observed. In addition, the nonwoven fabric 1 of the device was almost completely bioabsorbed as a coating (and into the surrounding tissue), and only the non-bioabsorbable material remained at the indwelling (implantation) site. Since adhesion between the surface of the non-bioabsorbable material and the subcutaneous layer was sparse, peeling was extremely easy.
- transplantation for example, insertion of an islet-embedding device, which will be described later
- the transplantation/dwelling process was performed on 4 rats, and all showed similar results (sufficient capsule formation, no bleeding/exudate after removal of the device).
- pancreatic islet embedding device Male Lewis rats (Japan SLC) aged 11 to 14 weeks were used for islet isolation.
- Pancreatic islets were cultured overnight in RPMI1640 medium containing 5.5 mmol/L glucose and 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) at 37° C. under 5% CO 2 .
- FBS Fetal Bovine Serum
- Dinitrobenzene was added to stop the polymerization. The yield at the end of polymerization was 47.1%. The remaining vinyl acetate was distilled off while methanol vapor was added to the resulting reaction mixture to obtain a 35% methanol solution of diacetone acrylamide-vinyl acetate copolymer.
- To 500 parts of this solution were added 70 parts of methanol, 1 part of ion-exchanged water and 29.3 parts of a 4% methanol solution of sodium hydroxide, and the mixture was thoroughly mixed to carry out a saponification reaction at 45°C.
- the resulting gel-like material was pulverized, thoroughly washed with methanol and dried to obtain D-PVA1.
- the 4% aqueous solution viscosity was 53.4 mPa ⁇ s
- the saponification degree was 98.4 mol %
- the diacetone acrylamide unit content was 3.6 mol %.
- the concentration of D-PVA1 was 5.0%
- the concentration of APA1 was 0.5%
- the stress corresponding to the above composition was 5.2 kPa.
- the islet-embedded device constructed above was removed from the slide glass, and immersed in a 6-well plate at a rate of 5 mL/well in a storage medium (RPMI1640 medium containing 10% FBS with a glucose concentration adjusted to 5.5 mM). It was stored at °C for about 16 hours.
- a storage medium RPMI1640 medium containing 10% FBS with a glucose concentration adjusted to 5.5 mM. It was stored at °C for about 16 hours.
- Diabetes healing evaluation After the transplantation, the blood glucose level was measured over time to confirm the healing effect. Diabetes healing evaluation was performed on 4 rats.
- Example 1 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that the device 1 was not implanted or indwelled, and diabetes cure evaluation was performed. Diabetes healing evaluation was performed on 4 rats.
- the results of diabetes healing evaluation obtained in Example 1, Reference Example 1, and Reference Example 2 are shown in the table below.
- the “pre-implantation blood glucose level” means the blood glucose level immediately before the device is removed and the pancreatic islet device is transplanted.
- the implantation site (subcutaneous) can be activated with the formation of a coating derived from the nonwoven fabric (gelatin-containing nonwoven fabric), and then the islet device is implanted.
- the nonwoven fabric gelatin-containing nonwoven fabric
- Example 2 (Device manufacturing/implantation/dwelling process) A nonwoven fabric 3 was obtained by punching a nonwoven fabric produced in the same manner as in Example 1 into a cylindrical shape (0.5 mm thick) with a diameter of 11 mm. The obtained nonwoven fabric was allowed to stand overnight in purified water at 37°C. The nonwoven fabric after standing has a compression deformation rate of 15.1%, a visible light transmittance of 21.7%, an average fiber diameter of 49.6 ⁇ m, and a fiber diameter that varies in the range of 32.1 to 73.3 ⁇ m. Was.
- a non-bioabsorbable material 4 was obtained by punching a commercially available silicone rubber (manufactured by AS ONE, model number 6-611-01, thickness 0.5 mm) into a cylinder having a diameter of ⁇ 11 mm (thickness 0.5 mm). After that, a device (implantation device, device 1) was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the above device (implantation device, device 1) was placed subcutaneously in mice for 6 weeks. No hemorrhage or exudate was observed under the skin before the device was placed, and no capsule was observed. A coating was observed.
- the nonwoven fabric 3 of the device was almost completely bioabsorbed as a coating (and into the surrounding tissue), and only the non-bioabsorbable material remained at the indwelling (implantation) site. Since adhesion between the surface of the non-bioabsorbable material and the subcutaneous layer was sparse, peeling was extremely easy. Therefore, various transplantations (for example, insertion of pancreatic islet cells, which will be described later) were also extremely easy thereafter at the same site. The transplantation/indwelling process was performed on 4 mice, and all showed similar results (sufficient capsule formation, no bleeding/exudate after removal of the device).
- Pancreatic islet cell preparation Eight to 14-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (Japan SLC) were used for islet isolation. The pancreas injected from the mouse common bile duct with cold Hank's buffer solution (HBSS) containing 1 mg/mL collagenase type V (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich) was digested at 37° C. for 12 minutes to separate islets from the pancreatic tissue. Density gradient centrifugation was performed using Histropaque-1119 (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich) and Lymphoprep (AXIS-SHIELD, Norway) to collect pancreatic islets. Pancreatic islets were cultured overnight in RPMI1640 medium containing 5.5 mmol/L glucose and 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) at 37° C. under 5% CO 2 .
- HBSS Hank's buffer solution
- FBS Fetal Bovine Serum
- Example 2 The same operation as in Example 2 was performed, except that the device 1 was not implanted or indwelled, and diabetes healing evaluation was performed. Diabetes healing evaluation was performed on 4 mice.
- Example 1 As is clear from the above results, even if the device of Example 1 is changed to the device of Example 2, the rat is changed to a mouse, and the pancreatic islet-containing device is changed to the pancreatic islet cells themselves, the results are the same as in Example 1. , and was able to effectively function pancreatic islet cells.
- Example 3 Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), computed tomography (CT) angiography, immunohistochemical analysis, real-time PCR were also performed on the implanted device of Example 2. These tests were performed on 15, 4, 5, and 8 mice, respectively, and all values are shown as mean values.
- IPGTT AUC intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test
- the results of the immunohistochemical analysis were X1 for the immunopositive rate (%) when the nonwoven fabric 3 was not used, X2 for the immunopositive rate (%) when the implant device of Example 2 was used, and X2 for the nonwoven fabric 3. Assuming that the number of vWF-positive blood vessels per 1 mm 2 was Y1 when the device was not used and the number of vWF-positive blood vessels was Y2 when the implanted device of Example 2 was used, the results were as shown in the table below.
- Example 4 Except that the amount of islet cells embedded in the pancreatic islet device was reduced to 10,500 IEQ, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed, and diabetes cure evaluation was performed.
- Example 5 A nonwoven fabric 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the heat dehydration and cross-linking conditions were changed to 155° C. for 24 hours.
- the nonwoven fabric after standing has a compression deformation rate of 17.6%, a visible light transmittance of 29.0%, an average fiber diameter of 38.5 ⁇ m, and a fiber diameter that varies in the range of 26.2 to 67.3 ⁇ m. Was.
- the fiber intersection points of the nonwoven fabric were at least partially welded, as in the case of the nonwoven fabric 1 .
- the nonwoven fabric 4 has a water content of 74.6%, and is more thermally crosslinked than the nonwoven fabric 1 .
- Diabetes healing evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that nonwoven fabric 4 was used instead of nonwoven fabric 1 and the amount of islet cells embedded in the islet device was reduced to 10,500 IEQ.
- the coating [the coating containing nonwoven fabric 4 (or gelatin)] was maintained at the time of implantation of the islet device.
- Example 3 Diabetes healing evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the device 1 was not transplanted/dwelled and the amount of islet cells embedded in the islet device was reduced to 10,500 IEQ.
- Example 4 similar to Example 1, the transplant site (subcutaneous) was derived from a nonwoven fabric (gelatin-containing nonwoven fabric), although growth factors and the like were not contained. It could be activated with the formation of a capsule, and the pancreatic islet device to be transplanted thereafter could function effectively.
- the implantation device of Example 5 was able to exhibit the function of the pancreatic islet device more effectively than the implantation device of Example 4 (Example 1). Further, as in Example 1, further transplantation could be performed efficiently without any bleeding or exudate accompanying removal of the device.
- a novel device containing gelatin can be provided.
- Such a device can be used as a device for activating the site of implantation, for example, as a device for recovering wounds or as a device for fully drawing out the inherent performance of a cell-containing device to be implanted separately.
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Abstract
Description
特に、このような免疫隔離層を有するデバイスは、免疫隔離層によって生細胞や生体組織を生体の防御機構から保護できるため、ダイレクトに細胞や組織を移植する場合(例えば、生体臓器移植)と比べ、免疫抑制剤の投与を不要とするため、免疫抑制剤による副作用の心配がないこと、施術が低侵襲である点で、ドナー不足を解決し得る能力を有している等の点で優れている。
特に血管が少ない皮下への移植でこのような問題は起きやすく、皮下が厚い大型動物ほど皮下での酸素・栄養不足がより深刻となりうる。
[1]
ゼラチンを含有する生体吸収性(生体適合性)不織布を含む、移植デバイス(移植材料、移植部材)。
[2]
不織布が架橋処理されている、[1]記載のデバイス。
[3]
不織布が、水に膨潤させた状態で、応力1.0kPaで圧縮した際の圧縮変形率が40%以下である、[1]又は[2]記載のデバイス。
[4]
不織布が、水に膨潤させた状態で、可視光透過率が10%以上である、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
[5]
不織布が、水に膨潤させた状態で、含水率300質量%以下(例えば、200質量%以下、100質量%以下、20~150質量%、30~100質量%、40~78質量%等)である、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
[6]
不織布の直径(径)が長さ方向で変化している、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
[7]
不織布が、繊維交点において部分的に溶着している、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
[8]
不織布の平均繊維直径(D)が1~70μmの範囲にあり、D-0.5D≦D≦D+0.5Dの範囲で繊維直径(径)が変化している[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
[9]
不織布が、表面の少なくとも一部を構成する(表面に露出している)、[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
[10]
不織布と非生体吸収性材料(部材)とを含む、[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
[11]
不織布と非生体吸収性材料(部材)とを含み、不織布と非生体吸収性材料(部材)とが一体化している、[1]~[10]のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
[12]
不織布と非生体吸収性材料(部材)とを含み、非生体吸収性材料の割合が、不織布100体積部に対して1体積部以上である、[1]~[11]のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
[13]
不織布と非生体吸収性材料(部材)とを含み、不織布と非生体吸収性材料とが一体化し、非生体吸収性材料の割合が、不織布100体積部に対して10体積部以上であり、不織布が、デバイス表面の少なくも一部を構成する(デバイス表面に露出している)、[1]~[12]のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
[14]
非生体吸収性材料(部材)が癒着防止能を有する、[10]~[13]のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
[15]
成長因子を(実質的に)含有しない、[1]~[14]のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
[16]
下記の(1)~(3)から選択された少なくとも1つの用途に使用するための、[1]~[15]のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
(1)被膜形成
(2)細胞外マトリックスの増大(分泌促進)
(3)成長因子の増大(分泌促進)
[17]
細胞外マトリックスが、コラーゲン(コラーゲンIII、コラーゲンIV等)及びラミニンから選択された少なくとも1種を含む、[16]記載のデバイス。
[18]
成長因子が、IGF-2を少なくとも含む[16]又は[17]記載のデバイス。
[19]
形成された被膜において、細胞外マトリックス及び/又は成長因子が増大する(細胞外マトリックス及び/又は成長因子が増大した被膜を形成するための)、[16]~[18]のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
[20]
(1)、(2)及び(3)の用途に使用するためのデバイスである、[16]~[19]のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
[21]
細胞又は組織含有デバイスの移植部位に(予め、細胞又は組織含有デバイスの移植に先立って)移植(所定期間移植、留置)するための、[1]~[20]のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
[22]
細胞又は組織含有デバイスと組み合わせて使用するための、[1]~[21]のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
[23]
細胞又は組織含有デバイスが、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A)を含有する免疫隔離層を有する、[21]又は[22]記載のデバイス。
[24]
細胞又は組織含有デバイスが、活性カルボニル基を有する変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A1)、シンジオタクティシティがトライアッド表示で32~40%であるポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A2)、及びけん化度が97モル%以上であるポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A3)から選択された少なくとも1種以上のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A)を含有する免疫隔離層を有する、[21]~[23]のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
[25]
細胞又は組織が、膵島(膵島細胞)、肝細胞、これらの幹細胞、及びこれらの前駆細胞から選択された少なくとも1種を含む、[21]~[24]のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
[26]
[1]~[25]のいずれかに記載のデバイスを移植(所定期間移植、留置)する方法。
[27]
[1]~[25]のいずれかに記載のデバイスを移植(所定期間移植、留置)し、(移植部位を)活性化させる方法。
[28]
[1]~[25]のいずれかに記載のデバイスを移植(所定期間移植、留置)し、(移植部位において)、不織布(の少なくとも一部)を生体吸収させる方法([26]又は[27]記載の方法)。
[29]
[1]~[25]のいずれかに記載のデバイスを移植(所定期間移植、留置)し、(移植部位において)下記の(1)~(3)から選択された少なくとも1つを行う方法([26]~[28]のいずれかに記載の方法)。
(1)被膜形成
(2)細胞外マトリックスの増大(分泌促進)
(3)成長因子の増大(分泌促進)
[30]
[10]~[25]のいずれかに記載のデバイスを移植(所定期間移植、留置)後、少なくとも非生体吸収性材料(部材)を抜去(さらには移植スポットを形成)する方法。
[31]
出血、炎症、及び/又は血管の破損を伴うことなく抜去(さらには移植スポットを形成)する、[30]記載の方法。
[32]
[1]~[25]のいずれかに記載のデバイスの移植部位(抜去部位)に、細胞又は組織含有デバイスを移植する、移植方法。
[33]
[1]~[25]のいずれかに記載のデバイスの移植部位(抜去部位)に、細胞又は組織含有デバイスを移植する、疾患又は症状の予防及び/又は治療方法。
[34]
[1]~[25]のいずれかに記載のデバイスを移植する工程[さらには、少なくとも非生体吸収性材料(部材)を抜去(さらには移植スポットを形成)する工程]を含む、[32]又は[33]記載の方法。
[35]
移植部位が皮下(皮下組織)である、[1]~[34]のいずれかに記載のデバイス又は方法。
例えば、細胞含有デバイスの移植に先立って移植(留置)すると、上記のような問題を抑制ないし防止し、効率よく細胞含有デバイスの機能を発現しうる。
このような移植ポケットは、細胞含有デバイス等の移植(位置決め)を容易にする。
本発明のデバイス(デバイス1、ゼラチン含有デバイス、材料、部材等ということがある)は、ゼラチンを含有する不織布(ゼラチン含有不織布)を含む。
不織布は、ゼラチン(ゼラチン(A)等ということがある)を含む。このような不織布は、通常、ゼラチンを含有する繊維で構成(形成)されていてもよい。
このような他の材料もまた、通常、生体適合性であってもよく、生体吸収性であってもよい。
具体的には、水に膨潤(飽和状態にまで膨潤)させた不織布(水に膨潤させた状態の不織布)の応力1.0kPaで圧縮させた際の圧縮変形率(又は)は、特に限定されないが、40%以下であることが好ましく、35%以下であることがより好ましく、30%以下が特に好ましい。なお、圧縮変形率の下限は、特に限定されないが、1%以上であることが好ましく、5%以上であることがより好ましい。
圧縮変形率(%)=100-{(H2/H1)×100}
また、含水率の下限値は、例えば、10質量%、20質量%、30質量%、40質量%、50質量%、55質量%、60質量%、70質量%等であってもよい。
具体的な含水率としては、上記範囲の上限値と下限値とを組み合わせた範囲、例えば、10~200質量%、20~150質量%、30~100質量%、40~78質量%等が挙げられる。
含水率(%)=(Wh-Ws)÷(Wh)×100
不織布(特に、長繊維不織布)の製造方法は、特に限定されず、公知のものを利用できる。製法の例を以下に詳述する。
1.準備工程
(1)ゼラチンを加熱水に溶解する。溶解温度(加熱水の温度)は20~90℃が好まし
い。溶解した後、フィルトレーションして異物やごみなどを除去してもよい。
(2)その後、減圧又は真空脱泡して溶解空気を除去してもよい。
2.本工程
(1)加熱したゼラチン水溶液(紡糸液)を紡糸機のノズルから吐出する。
(2)前記ノズル周囲から圧力流体を供給し、前記吐出したゼラチン水溶液を前記圧力流体に随伴させて繊維形成させる。
(3)得られたゼラチン長繊維を集積させてゼラチン長繊維不織布とする。
3.後工程
(1)ゼラチン長繊維不織布を乾燥してもよい。
(2)ゼラチン長繊維不織布は所定の大きさにカットし、所定の形状に成形してもよい。成形はプレス成形等を使用できる。
(3)ゼラチン長繊維不織布を架橋させる。架橋は、加熱脱水架橋、熱架橋、電子線架橋、γ線等の放射線架橋、紫外線架橋等の前記例示の方法を採用できる。
(4)所定形状のゼラチン長繊維不織布、又はシートは滅菌する。滅菌はエチレンオキサイドガス滅菌、水蒸気、電子線照射、γ線等の放射線照射等を使用できる。電子線照射、γ線等の放射線照射の場合は、滅菌とともに架橋を同時にすることもできる。
4.使用時の滅菌
医療用等に使用する際の準備工程として、滅菌(エチレンオキサイド滅菌、蒸気滅菌等)してもよい。架橋後のゼラチン長繊維不織布は、例えば、蒸気滅菌できる。
デバイスは、不織布を含んでいればよく、不織布のみで構成(形成)してもよく、他の材料{前記不織布(又は生体吸収性材料)でない[前記不織布(又は生体吸収性材料)の範疇に属さない]材料}を含んでいてもよい。
非生体吸収性材料は、通常、非生体吸収性ポリマー(非生体吸収性高分子)を含有する[非生体吸収ポリマーで構成(形成)される]。
なお、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A))として、後述の樹脂[例えば、活性カルボニル基を有する変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A1)、シンジオタクティシティがトライアッド表示で32~40%であるポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A2)、けん化度が97モル%以上であるポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A3)等]等を好適に使用してもよい。
このようなポリビニルアルコール系樹脂において、好ましい態様等も後述のものと同様であってもよい。
なお、上記溶出率は、例えば、非生体吸収材料を37℃の生理食塩水に所定時間(例えば、60分)浸漬し、溶出させた水に含まれる固形分の質量から求めることができる。
なお、上記体積変化率は、例えば、非生体吸収材料を37℃の水に所定時間(例えば、60分)浸漬し、浸漬前後の体積から求めることができる。
例えば、非生体吸収性材料として用いるポリビニルアルコール系樹脂は、ゲル状やスポンジ等であってもよい。このようにポリビニルアルコール系樹脂を使用する場合、好ましい態様(物性等)は、後述と同様である。
例えば、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂は、その種類等に応じて、後述の方法(架橋剤を用いる方法等)により、ゲル化してもよい。このような場合、好ましい態様等は、後述と同様である。
非生体吸収性材料(非生体吸収性部材)は、他の成分を含んでいてもよい。他の成分としては、特に限定されず、不織布の項で例示の成分等が挙げられる。
デバイスは、不織布を少なくとも含んでいればよく、前記の通り、他の材料(部材)を含んでいてもよい。
このような割合であると、移植部位の活性化(被膜形成等)と移植ポケットの形成とをバランスよく行いやすい。
本発明のデバイス(材料、部材)は、移植(生体内に移植)して用いることが(移植のために又は移植用として使用)できる。
特に、移植により、(1)被膜形成、(2)細胞外マトリックスの増大(分泌促進)、(3)成長因子の増大(分泌促進)等が生じてもよい。
なお、本発明のデバイスによれば、少なくとも被膜を形成できる場合が多く、そのため、本発明のデバイスは、通常、少なくとも(1)被膜形成のためのデバイスとして使用できる場合が多い。
細胞外マトリックスは、これらを単独で又は2種以上組み合わせて含むものであってもよい。
成長因子は、これらを単独で又は2種以上組み合わせて含むものであってもよい。
デバイスは、前記のような所定期間(例えば、1週間~3ヶ月)体内に留置すると、通常、不織布(ゼラチン、生体吸収性材料)(の一部又は全部)が生体吸収され、この際、被膜が形成される場合が多い。一方で、非生体吸収材料は生体吸収されず、移植した部位にそのまま残存するので、細胞含有デバイス等を後に移植する場合等において抜去が必要となる。
本発明には、細胞又は組織を含有するデバイス(細胞又は組織含有デバイス、以下、細胞含有デバイス、デバイス2等ということがある)を移植(留置)する方法も含まれる。
並行させる場合、前記デバイス1は、細胞含有デバイスの近傍(周辺)に又は隣接させて移植させてもよい。
このような方法では、移植部位が活性化される前に、生細胞や生体組織等を移植する必要がないため、セントラルネクローシスやアポトーシスを効率良く抑制ないし防止し、細胞含有デバイスの機能を発現しやすい。また、細胞含有デバイスの入れ替えが必要になったとしても、容易に行うことができる。
細胞包埋デバイスとしては、特に限定されず、例えば、前記特許文献1や2に記載の細胞包埋デバイス等を使用してもよい。以下、具体的に説明する。
以下、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂について詳述する。
ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂は、通常、少なくともビニルエステル系単量体を重合成分とする重合体のけん化物であってもよい。このようなポリビニルアルコール系樹脂は、ビニルアルコール単位を有していればよく、ビニルエステル単位(又はビニルエステル系単量体由来の単位、例えば、酢酸ビニル単位、ピバリン酸ビニル単位等の後述の脂肪酸ビニルエステル由来の単位)や他の単位(例えば、後述の活性カルボニル基を有する不飽和単量体由来の単位、他の不飽和単量体由来の単位)を有していてもよい。
活性カルボニル基を有する変性ポリビニルアルコール樹脂(本明細書において、単に「変性PVA系樹脂」ともいう)としては、例えば、脂肪酸ビニルエステルと活性カルボニル基を有する不飽和単量体を共重合し、得られた共重合体を鹸化して製造される共重合変性PVAや、公知の方法で製造されたPVAまたは変性PVA系樹脂に液状ジケテンやジケテンガス等の活性カルボニル基を有する化合物を直接接触させて得られる後変性PVAを使用することができるが、PVA系樹脂の安定性や安全性、ゲル化工程での作業性から共重合変性PVAが好ましい。
また、重合の際、脂肪酸ビニルエステルの加水分解を防止する目的で、酒石酸、クエン酸、酢酸等の有機酸を添加してもよい。
また重合の終了には、特に限定されないが、重合停止剤を使用することができる。重合停止剤は、特に限定されず、例えば、m-ジニトロベンゼン等が挙げられる。
鹸化反応に用いられる溶媒としては、メタノール、エタノール等のアルコール類;酢酸メチル等のエステル類;アセトン、メチルエチルケトン等のケトン類;ベンゼン、トルエン等の芳香族炭化水素類;テトラヒドロフラン等が挙げられ、これらは単独で又は2種類以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。また、鹸化温度、時間等に特に制限されない。
また、鹸化物の乾燥、粉砕、洗浄方法も特に制限はなく、公知の方法を使用してもかまわない。
活性カルボニル基を有する不飽和単量体(例えば、ジアセトンアクリルアミド)単位含有量が0.5モル%以上の場合、架橋剤との反応部位が多く、細胞包埋デバイスとしての十分な強度(応力)を得ることができ、また、20モル%以下の場合、水への溶解性が向上する等の観点から好ましい。
なお、上記鹸化度、4質量%水溶液粘度は、JIS K-6726に従って測定した値であってもよい。
ポリビニルアルコール樹脂として、シンジオタクティシティがトライアッド表示で32~40%であるポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(本明細書において、単に「高シンジオPVA系樹脂」ともいう)を好ましく用いることもできる。
高シンジオPVA系樹脂のシンジオタクティシティは、トライアッド表示で、32~40%が好ましく、33~39%がより好ましく、34~38%が特に好ましい。シンジオタクティシティが32%以上であれば水性ゲルになりやすく、40%以下であれば水性ゲルの作製が容易となる。
なおトライアッド表示のシンジオタクティシティは、高シンジオPVA系樹脂を重DMSO(ジメチルスルホキシド)に溶解し、プロトンNMR測定による水酸基のピークより求めることができる。
すなわち、高シンジオPVA系樹脂は、ビニルエステル重合体の鹸化物である。
ビニルエステル系重合体の製造方法としては、ビニルエステル系単量体を重合する方法であれば特に限定されず、従来公知の方法に従って良い。
重合の際には、重合容器の形状、重合撹拌機の種類、さらには重合温度や、重合容器内の圧力等いずれも公知の方法を使用してもかまわない。重合方法としては、従来から公知のバルク重合、溶液重合、懸濁重合、乳化重合等の各種重合方法が可能である。重合度の制御や重合後に行う鹸化反応のこと等を考慮すると、アルコールを溶媒とした溶液重合、あるいは、水又は水及びアルコールを分散媒とする懸濁重合が好ましいが、これらに限定されるものではない。
他の不飽和単量体としては、例えば、カルボキシル基含有不飽和単量体[例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸、マレイン酸、無水マレイン酸、フマル酸、クロトン酸、イタコン酸、ウンデシレン酸等]、不飽和二塩基酸モノアルキルエステル類(例えば、マレイン酸モノメチル、イタコン酸モノメチル等)、アミド基含有不飽和単量体(例えば、アクリルアミド、ジメチルアクリルアミド、ジメチルアミノエチルアクリルアミド、ジエチルアクリルアミド、ジメチルアミノプロピルアクリルアミド、イソプロピルアクリルアミド、N-メチロールアクリルアミド、N-ビニルアセトアミド等)、ハロゲン化ビニル類(例えば、塩化ビニル、フッ化ビニル等)、グリシジル基を有する不飽和単量体(例えば、アリルグリシジルエーテル、グリシジルメタクリレート等)、ラクタム基含有不飽和単量体{例えば、N-ビニルピロリドン類[例えば、N-ビニル-2-ピロリドン、N-ビニル-アルキルピロリドン(例えば、N-ビニル-3-プロピル-2-ピロリドン、N-ビニル-5-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-ビニル-5-エチル-2-ピロリドン、N-ビニル-5,5-ジメチル-2-ピロリドン、N-ビニル-3,5-ジメチル-2-ピロリドンなどのN-ビニル-モノ又はジC1-4アルキルピロリドン)など]、N-アリルピロリドン類(例えば、N-アリル-2-ピロリドンなど)、N-ビニルピペリドン類[例えば、N-ビニル-2-ピペリドン、N-ビニル-アルキルピペリドン(例えば、N-ビニル-6-メチル-2-ピペリドン、N-ビニル-6-エチル-2-ピペリドンなどのN-ビニル-モノ又はジC1-4アルキルピペリドン)など]、N-ビニルカプロラクタム類[例えば、N-ビニル-ε-カプロラクタム、N-ビニル-アルキルカプロラクタム(例えば、N-ビニル-7-メチル-2-カプロラクタム、N-ビニル-7-エチル-2-カプロラクタムなどのN-ビニル-モノ又はジC1-4アルキルカプロラクタムなど)]}、アルキルビニルエーテル類[例えば、C1―20アルキルビニルエーテル(例えば、メチルビニルエーテル、n-プロピルビニルエーテル、i-プロピルビニルエーテル、n-ブチルビニルエーテル、i-ブチルビニルエーテル、t-ブチルビニルエーテル、ラウリルビニルエーテル、ドデシルビニルエーテル、ステアリルビニルエーテル等)]、ニトリル類(例えば、アクリロニトリル、メタアクリロニトリル等)、水酸基含有不飽和単量体[例えば、C1―20モノアルキルアリルアルコール(例えば、アリルアルコール、イソプロペニルアリルアルコール等)、C1―20ジアルキルアリルアルコール(例えば、ジメチルアリルアルコール等)、ヒドロキシC1―20アルキルビニルエーテル(例えば、ヒドロキシエチルビニルエーテル、ヒドロキシブチルビニルエーテル等)]、アセチル基含有不飽和単量体[例えば、C1―20アルキルアリルアセテート(例えば、アリルアセテート、ジメチルアリルアセテート、イソプロペニルアリルアセテート等)等]、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル類{例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル[例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エチル、アクリル酸-2-エチルヘキシル、アクリル酸-n-ブチル等の(メタ)アクリル酸C1-20アルキル]等}、ビニルシラン類(例えば、トリメトキシビニルシラン、トリブチルビニルシラン、ジフェニルメチルビニルシラン等)、ポリオキシアルキレン(メタ)アクリレート類[例えば、ポリオキシエチレン(メタ)アクリレート、ポリオキシプロピレン(メタ)アクリレート等]、ポリオキシアルキレン(メタ)アクリル酸アミド類[例えば、ポリオキシエチレン(メタ)アクリル酸アミド、ポリオキシプロピレン(メタ)アクリル酸アミド等]、ポリオキシアルキレンビニルエーテル類(例えば、ポリオキシエチレンビニルエーテル、ポリオキシプロピレンビニルエーテル等)、ポリオキシアルキレンアルキルビニルエーテル類(例えば、ポリオキシエチレンアリルエーテル、ポリオキシプロピレンアリルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンブチルビニルエーテル、ポリオキシプロピレンブチルビニルエーテル等)、α-オレフィン類(例えば、エチレン、プロピレン、n-ブテン、1-ヘキセン等)、ブテン類(例えば、3,4-ジヒドロキシ-1-ブテン、3,4-ジアシロキシ-1-ブテン、3-アシロキシ-4-ヒドロキシ-1-ブテン、4-アシロキシ-3-ヒドロキシ-1-ブテン、3,4-ジアシロキシ-2-メチル-1-ブテン等)、ペンテン類(例えば、4,5-ジヒドロキシ-1-ペンテン、4,5-ジアシロキシ-1-ペンテン、4,5-ジヒドロキシ-3-メチル-1-ペンテン、4,5-ジアシロキシ-3-メチル-1-ペンテン等)、ヘキセン類(例えば、5,6-ジヒドロキシ-1-ヘキセン、5,6-ジアシロキシ-1-ヘキセン等)、アミン系不飽和単量体[例えば、N,N-ジメチルアリルアミン、N-アリルプペラジン、3-ピペリジンアクリル酸エチルエステル、2-ビニルピリジン、4-ビニルピリジン、2-メチル-6-ビニルピリジン、5-エチル-2-ビニルピリジン、5-ブテニルピリジン、4-ペンテニルピリジン、2-(4-ピリジル)アリルアルコール等]、第四級アンモニウム化合物を有する不飽和単量体(例えば、ジメチルアミノエチルアクリレート塩化メチル4級塩、N,N-ジメチルアミノプロピルアクリルアミド塩化メチル4級塩、N,N-ジメチルアミノプロピルアクリルアミドメチルベンゼンスルホン酸4級塩等)、芳香族系不飽和単量体(例えば、スチレン等)、スルホン酸基を含有する不飽和単量体(例えば、2-アクリルアミド-2-メチルプロパンスルホン酸又はそのアルカリ金属塩、アンモニウム塩もしくは有機アミン塩;2-アクリルアミド-1-メチルプロパンスルホン酸又はそのアルカリ金属塩、アンモニウム塩もしくは有機アミン塩;2-メタクリルアミド-2-メチルプロパンスルホン酸又はそのアルカリ金属塩、アンモニウム塩もしくは有機アミン塩;ビニルスルホン酸又はそのアルカリ金属塩、アンモニウム塩もしくは有機アミン塩;アリルスルホン酸又はそのアルカリ金属塩、アンモニウム塩もしくは有機アミン塩;メタアリルスルホン酸又はそのアルカリ金属塩、アンモニウム塩もしくは有機アミン塩等)、グリセリンモノアリルエーテル、2,3-ジアセトキシ-1-アリルオキシプロパン、2-アセトキシ-1-アリルオキシ-3-ヒドロキシプロパン、3-アセトキシ-1-アリルオキシ-3-ヒドロキシプロパン、3-アセトキシ-1-アリルオキシ-2-ヒドロキシプロパン、グリセリンモノビニルエーテル、グリセリンモノイソプロペニルエーテル、アクリロイルモルホリン、ビニルエチレンカーボネート、ビニルイミダゾール、ビニルカルバゾール等から選ばれる1種以上等が挙げられる。
他の不飽和単量体の含有量としては特に規定されないが、例えば、ビニルエステル系単量体100モルに対して10モル以下であればよい。
また、重合の際、脂肪酸ビニルエステルの加水分解を防止する目的で、酒石酸、クエン酸、酢酸等の有機酸を添加してもよい。
鹸化反応に用いられる溶媒としては、メタノール、エタノール等のアルコール類;酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル等のエステル類;アセトン、メチルエチルケトン等のケトン類;ベンゼン、トルエン等の芳香族炭化水素類;テトラヒドロフラン等が挙げられ、これらは単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。また、鹸化温度、時間等に特に制限されない。
また、鹸化物の乾燥、粉砕、洗浄方法も特に制限はなく、公知の方法を使用してもかまわない。
ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂には、前記のように、鹸化度が97モル%以上であるポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(本明細書において、単に「完全鹸化PVA系樹脂」ともいう)を用いることもできる。
細胞包埋デバイス(細胞包埋デバイスを構成するポリマー)は、さらに架橋剤を含有してもよい。
架橋剤は、特に限定されず、ポリマーの種類等に応じて選択できる。例えば、ポリマーとして、上記変性PVA樹脂を使用する場合には、変性PVA系樹脂のカルボニル基と反応性を有する官能基(例えば、ヒドラジノ基等)を有するもの等を好適にしてもよい。
-NH-NH2 (1)
-CO-NH-NH2 (2)
-NH-CO-NH-NH2 (3)
また、セミカルバジド化合物としては、例えば、N,N’-ヘキサメチレンビスセミカルバジド、ビューレットリートリ(ヘキサメチレンセミカルバジド)等が挙げられる。
また、これらのヒドラジド化合物、セミカルバジド化合物にアセトン、メチルエチルケトン等の低沸点ケトン類を反応させた誘導体等を用いてもよい。
架橋剤の添加量は、ポリマー(例えば、変性PVA系樹脂)100質量部に対して、1~30質量部が好ましく、2~25質量部がより好ましく、3~20質量部(例えば、4~15質量部)がさらに好ましい。
1質量部以上であれば、架橋密度が高くなり細胞包埋デバイスとしての十分な強度(応力)を得ることができ、一方30質量部以下であれば、反応に寄与しない架橋剤の残留を抑制できる等の観点から、好ましい。
細胞培養成分としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、ハロゲン及びグルコース等が挙げられ、中でも、Na、K、Cl、Ca、グルコース等を含有する酢酸あるいはリン酸緩衝液等が好適に用いられる。
Kを含有する場合、K濃度は、好ましくは2.5~130mEq/L、より好ましくは3.5~40mEq/Lに調整してもよい。
Clを含有する場合、Cl濃度は、好ましくは15~170mEq/L、より好ましくは100~150mEq/Lに調整してもよい。
Caを含有する場合、Ca濃度は、好ましくは0.5~5mEq/L、より好ましくは1~3mEq/Lに調整してもよい。
グルコースを含有する場合、グルコース濃度は、好ましくは1~11mM、より好ましくは3~7mMに調整してもよい。
特に、ゲル(例えば、スキャフォールドを構成するゲル)は、その補強及び/又は操作性の簡便化のために、補強材として有用な支持基材を組み合わせてもよい。
放置温度は、生体組成物の保存に適した温度であってもよい。
基材ないし基板(スライドガラス等)の上に、細胞培養成分を含むポリマー混合液又はそのゲル(例えば、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂含有水溶液又は水性ゲル)をのせ、その上にPETメッシュ(例えば、株式会社サンプラティック社製、商品名:PETメッシュシート(呼称TN120)等)等の支持基材をかぶせ、該支持基材上にポリマー混合液又はそのゲル(例えば、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂含有水溶液又は水性ゲル)に生体組成物を溶解又は分散(懸濁)させて得られた混合液(溶解又は分散液(懸濁液))をのせ、ゲルローディングチップ等を用いて該混合液を支持基材上に拡げ、該混合液を挟み込むようにさらに支持基材(PETメッシュ等)をその上にかぶせ、さらに支持基材(PETメッシュ等)の上に、細胞培養成分を含むポリマー混合液又はそのゲル(例えば、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂含有水溶液又は水性ゲル)をのせ、その上から基材ないし基板(スライドガラス等)をかぶせて構築されたものから、基材ないし基板(スライドガラス等)を分離する(外す)ことで、一態様の細胞含有デバイスが得られる。
後述する方法で得られた不織布を、直径φ4mmの円柱状に打ち抜いた後、37℃の精製水中で一晩静置した。静置後の不織布について、(株)山電製クリープメータ物性試験システムRE2-33005Cにて、厚さ(H1)を測定し、直径φ40mmのプランジャーを用い、0.05mm/secで圧縮した。ひずみ1~5%の圧縮弾性率(kPa)及び、ひずみ10%、20%、30%の中間圧縮応力(kPa)を測定した。無荷重時の厚さ(ひずみ0%)を基準とし、圧縮応力1kPa時の厚さの変化率(ひずみ率)を算出し、圧縮変形率とした。
上記と同じ手順で静置した不織布について、BioTek社製、型番「SYNERGY H1」を用いて、膨潤させた不織布サンプル(厚み1.0mm)の波長範囲400~800mにおける透過率を10nm間隔で測定し、400~800nmの範囲における平均透過率を可視光透過率とした。
不織布の走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM、日立ハイテクノロジーズ製、FlexSEM 1000、100倍及び500倍)の写真から任意に選択した50本の繊維を用いて、平均繊維直径及びその変化の度合いを測定した。
後述する方法で得られた不織布の乾燥時質量Wsを測定した。次に、不織布を37℃の蒸留水に24時間浸漬し、十分に膨潤させた。浸漬後、不織布を蒸留水から取出し、乾燥した紙ウエスで繊維間の余分な水分を除去した後、含水時質量Whを測定した。WsとWhから水の質量Wwを求め、次の式によって含水率(%)を算出した。なお、含水率は、3サンプルの平均値を表記した。
含水率(%)=Ww÷(Ws+Ww)×100=(Wh-Ws)÷(Wh)×100
Ww:水の質量(含水時質量-乾燥時質量)
Ws:固体の質量(乾燥時重量)
4%水溶液粘度、鹸化度は、JIS K 6726(1994)に従って求めた。
ジアセトンアクリルアミド単位含有量(変性度)は、DMSO-d6を溶媒として1H-NMRを測定し、帰属したピークの積分値から算出した。
重量平均分子量は、下記条件で測定したサイズ排除クロマトグラフィーにて求めた。
条件:
溶媒:50mMリン酸二水素ナトリウム水溶液
ポリマー濃度:1mg/mL
流量:1.0mL/min
カラム温度:40℃
カラム:Shodex OHPack SB-803HQ、Shodex OHPack SB-805HQ
スタンダード:プルラン
検出器:RI
ヒドラジド化率は、チオ硫酸ナトリウム標準液を用いたI2の逆滴定で求めた。詳細な実験操作は、以下の通りである。
実験操作:
1.I2/MeOH液を調製した。
2.I2/MeOH液を0.1Mチオ硫酸ナトリウム標準液で滴定した。(本測定では0.047Mであった。)
3.各ポリマーサンプルを精秤し、イオン交換水20mLに溶解した。
4.0.047M I2/MeOH液を3の溶液に2.0mL加えた。
5.0.1Mチオ硫酸ナトリウム標準液でヨウ素の逆滴定を行った。
デバイス(移植デバイス、デバイス1)の移植(又は留置、さらにはデバイスによる被膜形成)後に膵島含有デバイスをラット又はマウスの皮下に移植し、その膵島含有デバイスの機能を用いて評価した。
具体的には、膵島含有デバイスを移植したストレプトゾトシン誘発糖尿病ラットについて、経時的に血糖値を測定して治癒効果を確認した。
膵島含有デバイス移植後43~47日目に実施した。14時間絶食したマウスの腹腔内にD-グルコース(1.0g/kg)を注入し、注射前、5,10,15,20,25,30,45,60,90および120分後に血中グルコース濃度を測定した。次に、血糖曲線を作成し、曲線下面積(AUC)を比較に使用した。
CT血管造影は、デバイス(移植デバイス、デバイス1)移植後6週間目に実施した。CTイメージングの前に、4μL/g body weightのExiTron nano 12000(Miltenyi Biotec)を尾静脈から静脈内注射した。ExiTron nano 12000は、動物のCT用に特別処方された高密度のアルカリ土類金属ベースのナノ粒子造影剤である。これらのナノ粒子の平均直径は110nmであり、直径110nmが検出可能な新生血管サイズの閾値である。CT血管造影は、実験動物用のX線CTスキャナー(Latheta LCT-200;日立)を使用して実施した。非生体吸収材料周囲の被膜組織について、血管容積を計算した。微小血管を抽出するため、血管領域のCT値を100以上と定義した。
膵島含有デバイス移植後7日目に実施した。4%パラホルムアルデヒドで固定した後、免疫組織化学的染色のためにパラフィンに包埋した。免疫組織化学的染色は、抗フォンウィルブランド因子(vWF)(ab7356;MerckMillipore)、抗コラーゲンIII(ab7778;Abcam)、抗コラーゲンIV(ab6586;Abcam)およびラミニン(ab11575;Abcam)抗体を使用して実施した。EnVision+ System- HRP標識ポリマーウサギ抗体(4003;DAKO)を二次抗体として使用した。血管新生の評価のために、膵島および間質領域のvWF陽性細胞を数えた。コラーゲンIII、コラーゲンIV、およびラミニン染色での陽性は、膵島周辺の被膜組織で検出可能な著しい免疫陽性として定義した。
デバイス(移植デバイス、デバイス1)移植後6週間目に、非生体吸収材料を囲む被膜組織からRNAを抽出した。相対的な遺伝子発現は、TaqMan Array 96ウェル FASTプレート(4413257;Applied Biosystems)を使用して決定した。TaqMan Arrayには、46のターゲット遺伝子と2つの内在性コントール遺伝子候補が含まれている。サンプルは、StepOnePlus Real-Timeポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)システム(Applied Biosystems)を使用して、50℃で2分間、95℃で20秒間、続いて95℃で1秒および60℃で20秒間を40サイクル繰り返す増幅条件下で分析した。結果は、ExpressionSuite Software ver. 1.3(Applied Biosystems)で解析した。比較定量(RQ)は、比較CT法を使用して計算した。デバイス移植群の相対的な遺伝子発現を決定するために、不織布を使用しなかった群をキャリブレーターとして指定した。18Sはハウスキーピング遺伝子として使用した。
すべてのデータは、平均±標準偏差として表している。すべての統計分析は、JMP pro 15ソフトウェアプログラム(SAS Institute Inc.)を使用して実行した。IPGTTの変化は、二元配置分散分析(ANOVA)によって分析し、グループ間の事後比較にはテューキー・クラマー検定を使用した。IPGTTのAUCは、クラスカル・ウォリス検定と、それに続くダンの事後検定によって分析した。vWF陽性血管の数は、一元配置分散分析とマンホイットニーU検定によって分析した。ECM染色の免疫陽性率は、ピアソンのカイ2乗検定によって分析し、フィッシャーの直接確率検定をグループ間の事後比較に使用した。カプランマイヤー曲線は、ログランク検定を使用して比較した。<0.05のP値は、統計的有意性を示すと見なした。
(不織布の作製)
ゼラチンとして新田ゼラチン社製(ゼリー強度262g、原料:アルカリ処理牛骨)を使用し、ゼラチン:水=3:5の質量比(ゼラチン濃度37.5質量%)とし、温度60℃で溶解した。60℃における粘度は960~970mPa・sであった。このゼラチン水溶液を紡糸液とし、WO2018-235745に記載の図4に示す不織布製造装置を使用して不織布(長繊維不織布)を製造した。紡糸液の温度は60℃、ノズル直径(内径)250μm、吐出圧0.2MPa、ノズル高さ5mm、エアー圧力0.375MPa、エアー温度100℃、流体噴射口とノズル吐出口との距離は5mm、捕集距離50cmとし、巻き取りローラで不織布を巻き取った。
次いで、不織布は常温で一晩風乾し、その後、加熱脱水架橋させた。架橋条件は温度140℃、48時間とした。
得られた不織布を直径φ22mmの円柱状(厚み0.5mm)に打ち抜き、不織布1とした。
得られた不織布を、37℃の精製水中で一晩静置した。静置後の不織布について、圧縮変形率は15.1%、可視光透過率は21.7%であり、平均繊維直径は49.6μm、繊維直径は32.1~73.3μmの範囲で変化していた。また、不織布の繊維交点が少なくとも部分的に溶着していることを、デジタルマイクロスコープ(Zeiss社製、品名「AxioCAM ERc5」)を搭載した倒立顕微鏡(Olympus社製「CKX53」、4倍)で観察して確認した。さらに、不織布1の含水率は、79.3%であった。
市販のシリコーンゴム(アズワン製、型番6-611-02、厚み1mm)を直径φ26mmの円柱状(厚み0.5mm)に打ち抜き、非生体吸収材料2とした。
2枚の不織布1を22℃の生理食塩水中で1分間静置し、十分に膨潤させた。
膨潤させた2枚の不織布1を非生体吸収材料2の上下面に貼りつけ、縫合糸で縫合することで不織布1と非生体吸収材料2を固定化し、デバイス(移植デバイス、デバイス1)を得た。
12~14週齢の雄性Wistarラット(日本エルエスシー)の皮下に、上記デバイス(移植デバイス、デバイス1)を6週間留置した。デバイスの留置前の皮下には、出血や浸出液は認めず、被膜も確認できなかったが、デバイスを6週間留置した後は、留置前と比べても、皮下に肉眼的にしっかり認識できるぐらいの被膜を認めた。
また、デバイスの不織布1は、被膜として(さらには周辺組織に)ほぼ完全に生体吸収され、留置(移植)部位には、非生体吸収材料のみが残った状態であった。非生体吸収材料表面と皮下の癒着は疎であったため剥離は極めて容易であり、非生体吸収材料抜去後も抜去部位の皮下に出血や浸出液は全く認められなかった。
そのため、その後、同部位に、各種移植(例えば、後述の膵島包埋デバイスを挿入すること)も極めて容易であった。
なお、上記移植・留置工程は、4匹のラットについて行ったが、いずれも同様の結果(十分な被膜形成、デバイス抜去後の出血・浸出液無し)を示した。
11から14週齢の雄性Lewisラット(日本エスエルシー)を膵島分離に使用した。0.8mg/mL collagenase type V(Sigma-Aldrich製)を溶解した冷ハンクス緩衝液(HBSS)をラット総胆管から注入した膵臓を、37℃で12分間消化し膵組織から膵島を分離した。Histropaque-1119(Sigma-Aldrich製)とLymphoprep(AXIS-SHIELD,Norway)を用いて濃度勾配遠心を行い、膵島を回収した。膵島は5.5mmol/Lグルコースと10%胎児ウシ血清(Fetal Bovine Serum:FBS)を含むRPMI1640培地で37℃、5%CO2下で一晩培養した。
撹拌機、温度計、滴下ロート及び還流冷却器を取り付けたフラスコ中に、酢酸ビニル2000部、メタノール143部、ジアセトンアクリルアミド3.7部を仕込み、系内の窒素置換を行った後、内温が60℃になるまで昇温した。昇温後、2,2-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル0.16部をメタノール100部に溶解した溶液を添加し重合を開始した。フラスコ内に窒素流通を続けながら、ジアセトンアクリルアミド70.1部をメタノール46.7部に溶解した溶液を、重合開始直後から一定速度で滴下し、重合開始から210分に重合停止剤としてm-ジニトロベンゼンを添加し重合を停止した。重合終了時の収率は47.1%であった。得られた反応混合物にメタノール蒸気を加えながら、残存する酢酸ビニルを留去し、ジアセトンアクリルアミド-酢酸ビニル共重合体の35%メタノール溶液を得た。この溶液500部にメタノール70部、イオン交換水1部及び水酸化ナトリウムの4%メタノール溶液29.3部を加えてよく混合し、45℃で鹸化反応を行った。得られたゲル状物を粉砕し、メタノールでよく洗浄した後に乾燥し、D-PVA1を得た。4%水溶液粘度は53.4mPa・s、鹸化度は98.4モル%で、ジアセトンアクリルアミド単位は3.6モル%であった。
重量平均分子量約40000のポリアクリルアミド20部とイオン交換水40部を混合した水溶液にヒドラジン一水和物16部を加え、80℃で15時間反応を行った。得られた混合液にエタノールを加え、得られた沈殿物をろ過、洗浄、乾燥してAPA1を得た。重量平均分子量は約53000でヒドラジド化率は88%であった。
25mLチューブに合成例1で作製したD-PVA1の6.25%水溶液を8.0g入れ、そこへ10倍濃度HBSS(ハンクス平衡塩溶液)を1.0mL加え、チューブを上下に振盪させ撹拌した。
その後、遠心機(久保田商事株式会社製、商品名:ハイブリット高速冷却遠心機6200)でスピンダウンし、37℃で10分間、静置した。そこへ架橋剤として合成例9で作製したAPA1の5%水溶液を1.0mL加え、チューブを上下に15回振盪させた。遠心機でスピンダウンした上でチューブを上下に再度15回振盪させた。
その後、25℃、3000rpmで1分間遠心し、37℃で静置した。適宜得られたゾル状態の水溶液の粘度をチャックし、ゾルが滴状化する時間が3~4秒に到達し膵島包埋に最適な状態と判断されたら、チューブを温浴槽から取り出し、氷上に1分間静置した。その後、25℃、3000rpmで1分間遠心し、変性PVA系樹脂5%、架橋剤0.5%のゾルを得た。
なお、ゲル(ハイドロゲル)において、D-PVA1の濃度は5.0%、APA1の濃度は0.5%、上記組成に対応する応力は5.2kPaであった。
スライドガラス上に、上記ディッシュ上にのせられた上記作製済みのゾルのうち160μLをのせた。その上にPETメッシュ(株式会社サンプラティック社製、商品名:PETメッシュシート(呼称TN120))をかぶせ、ゾル50μLに、上記で調製した膵島細胞から培地成分を可及的に取り除いたものを懸濁させて得られた懸濁液をPETメッシュ上に拡げ、膵島細胞(18,000 Islet Equivalent(IEQ):IEQは膵島量を示す国際単位であり、直径150μmの膵島が1IEQと定義されている)の懸濁液を挟み込む様にPETメッシュをさらにその上にかぶせた。さらにPETメッシュの上に140μLのゾルをのせ、その上からスライドガラスをかぶせた。このようにして構築したゾルを湿箱の中に留置し、4℃下で48時間静置し、膵島包埋デバイス(水性ゲル)を得た。
上記にて構築した膵島包埋デバイスをスライドガラスから外し、6wellプレートに5mL/wellの割合で保存培地(グルコース濃度を5.5mMに調整し、10%FBSを含有したRPMI1640培地)に浸し、4℃下で16時間程度保存した。
前述のデバイス1を留置したラットに対して、デバイス1の留置約5週間経過後(膵島包埋デバイスの移植の約1週間前)に、ストレプトゾトシンを注入し、糖尿病を誘発させた。
デバイス1の留置6週間後、非生体吸収材料2を抜去し、当該ラットの皮下(デバイス1の移植部位、非生体吸収材料2を抜去した部位)に、上記保存後の膵島包埋デバイス(水性ゲル)を留置することで移植を行った。
なお、膵島包埋デバイスの移植時には、被膜[不織布1(又はゼラチン)を含む被膜]が維持されていた。
上記移植後、経時的に血糖値を測定して治癒効果を確認した。
なお、糖尿病治癒評価は、4匹のラットについて行った。
デバイス1の移植・留置を行わない以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、糖尿病治癒評価を行った。
なお、糖尿病治癒評価は、4匹のラットについて行った。
不織布1に代えて、市販のゼラチンスポンジ(ファイザー株式会社製、ゼルフォーム)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、糖尿病治癒評価を行った。
なお、糖尿病治癒評価は、2匹のラットにおいて認められなかったことから、さらなるラットでは行わなかった。
不織布1に代えて、市販のゼラチン(ゼライス株式会社製、RM-50)の利用を試みたが、生理食塩水に溶解してしまい、デバイスを作製することができなかった。
なお、「移植前血糖値」とは、デバイスを抜去し、膵島デバイスを移植する直前の血糖値を意味する。
特に、デバイスには、成長因子等を含有させていないにもかかわらず、このような膵島デバイスを有効に機能できたことは意外であった。
(デバイスの製造・移植・留置工程)
実施例1と同様の方法で作製した不織布を直径φ11mmの円柱状(厚み0.5mm)に打ち抜き、不織布3とした。
得られた不織布を、37℃の精製水中で一晩静置した。静置後の不織布について、圧縮変形率は15.1%、可視光透過率は21.7%であり、平均繊維直径は49.6μm、繊維直径は32.1~73.3μmの範囲で変化していた。また、不織布の繊維交点が少なくとも部分的に溶着していることを、デジタルマイクロスコープ(Zeiss社製、品名「AxioCAM ERc5」)を搭載した倒立顕微鏡(Olympus社製「CKX53」、4倍)で観察して確認した。
その後は、実施例1と同様の操作でデバイス(移植デバイス、デバイス1)の製造を行った。
そのため、その後、同部位に、各種移植(例えば、後述の膵島細胞を挿入すること)も極めて容易であった。
なお、上記移植・留置工程は、4匹のマウスについて行ったが、いずれも同様の結果(十分な被膜形成、デバイス抜去後の出血・浸出液無し)を示した。
8から14週齢の雄性C57BL/6マウス(日本エスエルシー)を膵島分離に使用した。1mg/mL collagenase type V(Sigma-Aldrich製)を溶解した冷ハンクス緩衝液(HBSS)をマウス総胆管から注入した膵臓を、37℃で12分間消化し膵組織から膵島を分離した。Histropaque-1119(Sigma-Aldrich製)とLymphoprep(AXIS-SHIELD,Norway)を用いて濃度勾配遠心を行い、膵島を回収した。膵島は5.5mmol/Lグルコースと10%胎児ウシ血清(Fetal Bovine Serum:FBS)を含むRPMI1640培地で37℃、5%CO2下で一晩培養した。
前述のデバイス1を留置したマウスに対して、デバイス1の留置約5週間経過後(膵島細胞の移植の約1週間前)に、ストレプトゾトシンを注入し、糖尿病を誘発させた。
デバイス1の留置6週間後、非生体吸収材料4を抜去し、当該マウスの皮下(デバイス1の移植部位、非生体吸収材料4を抜去した部位)に、細胞含有デバイスとして、上記で調製した膵島細胞(400IEQ)を移植し、糖尿病治癒評価を行った。
なお、糖尿病治癒評価は、4匹のマウスについて行った。
また、膵島細胞の移植時には、被膜[不織布3(又はゼラチン)を含む被膜]が維持されていた。
デバイス1の移植・留置を行わない以外は、実施例2と同様の操作を行い、糖尿病治癒評価を行った。
なお、糖尿病治癒評価は、4匹のマウスについて行った。
実施例2の移植デバイスについて、さらに、腹腔内ブドウ糖負荷試験(IPGTT)、コンピュータ断層撮影(CT)血管造影、免疫組織化学的分析、リアルタイムPCRを実施した。なお、これらは、それぞれ各15、4、5、8匹のマウスについて行い、値は全て平均値で表記した。
膵島デバイスに包埋する膵島細胞の量を10,500IEQに減らした以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、糖尿病治癒評価を行った。
加熱脱水架橋の条件を温度155℃、24時間に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、不織布4を得た。静置後の不織布について、圧縮変形率は17.6%、可視光透過率は29.0%であり、平均繊維直径は38.5μm、繊維直径は26.2~67.3μmの範囲で変化していた。また、不織布1同様、不織布の繊維交点が少なくとも部分的に溶着していることを確認した。不織布4の含水率は74.6%であり、不織布1よりも加熱架橋が進んでいる。
不織布1に代えて、不織布4を用いたこと、膵島デバイスに包埋する膵島細胞の量を10,500IEQに減らした以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、糖尿病治癒評価を行った。
膵島デバイスの移植時には、被膜[不織布4(又はゼラチン)を含む被膜]が維持されていた。
デバイス1の移植・留置を行わないこと、膵島デバイスに包埋する膵島細胞の量を10,500IEQに減らした以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、糖尿病治癒評価を行った。
また、これも実施例1と同様に、デバイス抜去に伴って、出血や浸出液を認めることもなく、さらなる移植を効率良く行うことができた。
Claims (35)
- ゼラチンを含有する生体吸収性不織布を含む、移植デバイス。
- 不織布が架橋処理されている、請求項1記載のデバイス。
- 不織布が、水に膨潤させた状態で、応力1.0kPaで圧縮した際の圧縮変形率が40%以下である、請求項1又は2記載のデバイス。
- 不織布が、水に膨潤させた状態で、可視光透過率が10%以上である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
- 不織布が、水に膨潤させた状態で、含水率200質量%以下である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
- 不織布の直径が長さ方向で変化している、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
- 不織布が、繊維交点において部分的に溶着している、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
- 不織布の平均繊維直径(D)が1~70μmの範囲にあり、D-0.5D≦D≦D+0.5Dの範囲で繊維直径が変化している請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
- 不織布が、表面の少なくとも一部を構成する、請求項1~8のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
- 不織布と非生体吸収性材料とを含む、請求項1~9のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
- 不織布と非生体吸収性材料とを含み、不織布と非生体吸収性材料とが一体化している、請求項1~10のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
- 不織布と非生体吸収性材料とを含み、非生体吸収性材料の割合が、不織布100体積部に対して1体積部以上である、請求項1~11のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
- 不織布と非生体吸収性材料とを含み、不織布と非生体吸収性材料とが一体化し、非生体吸収性材料の割合が、不織布100体積部に対して10体積部以上であり、不織布が、デバイス表面の少なくも一部を構成する、請求項1~12のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
- 非生体吸収性材料が癒着防止能を有する、請求項10~13のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
- 成長因子を実質的に含有しない、請求項1~14のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
- 下記の(1)~(3)から選択された少なくとも1つの用途に使用するための、請求項1~15のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
(1)被膜形成
(2)細胞外マトリックスの増大
(3)成長因子の増大 - 細胞外マトリックスが、コラーゲン及びラミニンから選択された少なくとも1種を含む、請求項16記載のデバイス。
- 成長因子が、IGF-2を少なくとも含む請求項16又は17記載のデバイス。
- 形成された被膜において、細胞外マトリックス及び/又は成長因子が増大する、請求項16~18のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
- (1)、(2)及び(3)の用途に使用するためのデバイスである、請求項16~19のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
- 細胞又は組織含有デバイスの移植部位に移植するための、請求項1~20のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
- 細胞又は組織含有デバイスと組み合わせて使用するための、請求項1~21のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
- 細胞又は組織含有デバイスが、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A)を含有する免疫隔離層を有する、請求項21又は22記載のデバイス。
- 細胞又は組織含有デバイスが、活性カルボニル基を有する変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A1)、シンジオタクティシティがトライアッド表示で32~40%であるポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A2)、及びけん化度が97モル%以上であるポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A3)から選択された少なくとも1種以上のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A)を含有する免疫隔離層を有する、請求項21~23のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
- 細胞又は組織が、膵島(膵島細胞)、肝細胞、これらの幹細胞、及びこれらの前駆細胞から選択された少なくとも1種を含む、請求項21~24のいずれかに記載のデバイス。
- 請求項1~25のいずれかに記載のデバイスを移植する方法。
- 請求項1~25のいずれかに記載のデバイスを移植し、移植部位を活性化させる方法。
- 請求項1~25のいずれかに記載のデバイスを移植し、移植部位において不織布を生体吸収させる方法。
- 請求項1~25のいずれかに記載のデバイスを移植し、移植部位において下記の(1)~(3)から選択された少なくとも1つを行う方法。
(1)被膜形成
(2)細胞外マトリックスの増大
(3)成長因子の増大 - 請求項10~25のいずれかに記載のデバイスを移植後、少なくとも非生体吸収性材料を抜去する方法。
- 出血、炎症、及び/又は血管の破損を伴うことなく抜去する、請求項30記載の方法。
- 請求項1~25のいずれかに記載のデバイスの移植部位に、細胞又は組織含有デバイスを移植する、移植方法。
- 請求項1~25のいずれかに記載のデバイスの移植部位に、細胞又は組織含有デバイスを移植する、疾患又は症状の予防及び/又は治療方法。
- 請求項1~25のいずれかに記載のデバイスを移植する工程を含む、請求項32又は33記載の方法。
- 移植部位が皮下である、請求項1~34のいずれかに記載のデバイス又は方法。
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| EP22752752.0A EP4292618A4 (en) | 2021-02-09 | 2022-02-08 | DEVICE CONTAINING GELATIN |
| US18/276,124 US20240091404A1 (en) | 2021-02-09 | 2022-02-08 | Gelatin-containing device |
| AU2022218761A AU2022218761A1 (en) | 2021-02-09 | 2022-02-08 | Gelatine-containing device |
| JP2022580639A JP7560067B2 (ja) | 2021-02-09 | 2022-02-08 | ゼラチン含有デバイス |
| CN202280014295.0A CN117120109A (zh) | 2021-02-09 | 2022-02-08 | 含明胶装置 |
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| US (1) | US20240091404A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP4292618A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP7560067B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN117120109A (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2022218761A1 (ja) |
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| CA1340581C (en) * | 1986-11-20 | 1999-06-08 | Joseph P. Vacanti | Chimeric neomorphogenesis of organs by controlled cellular implantation using artificial matrices |
| EP3438828B1 (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2019-12-11 | Hitachi Rail Sts S.P.A. | Method and system for remote control of human machine interfaces |
-
2022
- 2022-02-08 WO PCT/JP2022/004982 patent/WO2022172929A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2022-02-08 AU AU2022218761A patent/AU2022218761A1/en active Pending
- 2022-02-08 JP JP2022580639A patent/JP7560067B2/ja active Active
- 2022-02-08 CN CN202280014295.0A patent/CN117120109A/zh active Pending
- 2022-02-08 CA CA3209100A patent/CA3209100A1/en active Pending
- 2022-02-08 US US18/276,124 patent/US20240091404A1/en active Pending
- 2022-02-08 EP EP22752752.0A patent/EP4292618A4/en active Pending
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| JP2002145797A (ja) | 2000-11-10 | 2002-05-22 | Seishi Yoneda | ヒドロゲルからなる細胞移植療法用材料 |
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| JP7560067B2 (ja) | 2024-10-02 |
| CN117120109A (zh) | 2023-11-24 |
| CA3209100A1 (en) | 2022-08-18 |
| EP4292618A4 (en) | 2025-01-08 |
| JPWO2022172929A1 (ja) | 2022-08-18 |
| US20240091404A1 (en) | 2024-03-21 |
| AU2022218761A1 (en) | 2023-08-10 |
| EP4292618A1 (en) | 2023-12-20 |
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