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WO2022145979A1 - Spectroscope d'impédance portable et procédé de mesure du spectre d'impédance d'un bloc-batterie haute tension - Google Patents

Spectroscope d'impédance portable et procédé de mesure du spectre d'impédance d'un bloc-batterie haute tension Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022145979A1
WO2022145979A1 PCT/KR2021/020062 KR2021020062W WO2022145979A1 WO 2022145979 A1 WO2022145979 A1 WO 2022145979A1 KR 2021020062 W KR2021020062 W KR 2021020062W WO 2022145979 A1 WO2022145979 A1 WO 2022145979A1
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Prior art keywords
impedance
battery pack
measuring
portable
voltage battery
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/KR2021/020062
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
고영휘
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Batronics Co Ltd
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Batronics Co Ltd
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Publication date
Priority claimed from KR1020210094974A external-priority patent/KR102630936B1/ko
Application filed by Batronics Co Ltd filed Critical Batronics Co Ltd
Publication of WO2022145979A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022145979A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a portable impedance spectrometer and method for measuring the impedance spectrum of a high voltage battery pack, and more particularly, to an inexpensive portable EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) capable of measuring the impedance spectrum of a lithium ion battery pack without an external power supply. It's about the device.
  • EIS Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
  • Li-ion batteries are widely used in large energy storage systems (ESS), such as energy storage power plants and electric vehicles (EVs), due to their advantages of high energy, high power, long cycle life, and high charging and discharging efficiency. widely used in In addition, with the recent rapid expansion of the electric vehicle market, batteries as a key component of electric vehicles are receiving more attention.
  • ESS energy storage systems
  • EVs electric vehicles
  • SOH state of health
  • RUL remaining useful life
  • EOL end of life
  • the batteries can be useful in secondary life applications when: If the SOH of the battery is greater than 40%, it can be recycled for re-use. It can be divided into modules or cells to create new systems for SLB applications. SLB modules or cells can be reconnected in series or parallel to obtain the energy and power required for a particular application. After the secondary life, the battery is recycled to recover the raw material.
  • EIS is one of the diagnostic techniques with advantages of convenience, speed and accuracy.
  • EIS is a non-destructive technology that provides a significant amount of information in a relatively short period of time.
  • EIS technology can be used in a variety of applications such as quality assurance in production lines, battery health estimation including state of charge (SOC), SOH, internal temperature monitoring and RUL estimation.
  • EIS electrospray ion battery
  • It is a useful tool used in a variety of fields including applied chemistry, biomedical science, physical cells, and many other fields of engineering.
  • power sources such as fuel cells, supercapacitors and batteries can be modeled and diagnosed as useful tools.
  • Patent Document 1 KR 10-2013-0083220 A
  • Patent Document 2 KR 10-2016-0103332 A
  • Patent Document 3 KR 10-1429292 B1
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring an impedance spectrum of a high voltage battery pack using the portable impedance spectrometer.
  • a portable impedance spectrometer for measuring an impedance spectrum of a high voltage battery pack includes: an initialization unit that initializes a DAC unit and an ADC unit when a command is transmitted through a provided GUI; a DAC unit for generating a sinusoidal perturbation signal according to different frequencies according to the set perturbation amplitude; ADC unit for acquiring voltage and current waveforms generated by the perturbation signal; and an impedance measuring unit deriving an impedance at a specific frequency based on the obtained voltage and current waveforms.
  • the DAC unit may generate two sinusoidal sweep reference signals superimposed on the DC signal.
  • the DAC unit may include a control logic including a switch, a comparator, a current sensor, and an amplifier to control the perturbation signal.
  • the DAC unit may control the perturbation signal by comparing the gate voltage of the switch with the generated sinusoidal sweep reference signal through the feedback of the current sensor.
  • the ADC unit may include a passive high-pass filter, an active low-pass filter, and an operational amplifier.
  • the portable impedance spectrometer may be connected to an external device through a USB port.
  • the portable impedance spectrometer may transmit the calculated impedance result to an external device so that the external device can display the impedance of a specific frequency in real time.
  • the portable impedance spectrometer may further include at least one of a microcontroller, a high voltage protection circuit, a signal conditioning circuit, and a sensing circuit.
  • the DAC unit and the ADC unit are initialized to do; generating a sinusoidal perturbation signal according to different frequencies according to the perturbation amplitude set through the DAC unit; acquiring voltage and current waveforms generated by the perturbation signal through the ADC unit; and deriving an impedance at a specific frequency based on the obtained voltage and current waveforms.
  • the generating of the sinusoidal wave perturbation signal may include comparing the gate voltage of the switch with the generated sinusoidal sweep reference signal through feedback of the current sensor to control the perturbation signal.
  • the method for measuring the impedance spectrum of the high voltage battery pack may further include transmitting the calculated impedance result to an external device so that the external device can display the impedance of a specific frequency in real time. .
  • the EIS device proposed in the present invention does not require external power because the impedance spectrum of the battery is measured only during discharge.
  • the EIS device proposed in the present invention has the advantage that only a small amount of power is required for the operation of the circuit that can be supplied through the USB cable.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a portable impedance spectrometer for measuring an impedance spectrum of a high voltage battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • ECM equivalent circuit model
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram for showing chemical reactions related to different frequency domains of the Nyquist plot of the battery of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 is an exemplary block diagram of an EIS system including the portable impedance spectrometer of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG 5 is an exemplary diagram of a high-precision current sink that can be used to control the perturbation current in the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of connecting to an EIS device of the present invention using a Kelvin line connection.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the DLA-based EIS algorithm of the MCU used in the present invention and the LabVIEW software-based GUI.
  • FIG. 8 is an exemplary block diagram of a DLA for calculating an impedance in the present invention.
  • 9 and 10 are graphs showing impedance measurement spectra of the EIS device of the present invention and the commercial EIS device.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method for measuring an impedance spectrum of a high voltage battery pack using the portable impedance of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a portable impedance spectrometer for measuring an impedance spectrum of a high voltage battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the portable impedance spectrometer (10, hereinafter EIS device) for measuring the impedance spectrum of a high voltage battery pack according to the present invention is a battery state such as SOH (State of Health) and RUL (Remaining Useful Life) of the battery. It is a portable device that can measure the impedance spectrum of a high-voltage battery pack without an external power supply for diagnosing it.
  • an EIS device 10 includes an initialization unit 110 , a DAC unit 130 , an ADC unit 150 , and an impedance measuring unit 170 .
  • software (application) for performing impedance spectrum measurement of a high voltage battery pack may be installed and executed, and the initialization unit 110, the DAC unit 130, and the ADC unit ( 150) and the configuration of the impedance measuring unit 170 may be controlled by software for measuring the impedance spectrum of the high voltage battery pack executed in the EIS device 10 .
  • the EIS device 10 may be a separate terminal or a part of a module of the terminal.
  • the initialization unit 110 , the DAC unit 130 , the ADC unit 150 , and the impedance measuring unit 170 may be configured as an integrated module or one or more modules. However, on the contrary, each configuration may be formed of a separate module.
  • the EIS device 10 is a portable device having mobility.
  • the EIS device 10 includes other devices such as a device, an application, a terminal, a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a wireless device, and a handheld device. can be termed as
  • the EIS device 10 may execute or manufacture various software based on an operating system (OS), that is, the system.
  • OS operating system
  • the operating system is a system program for software to use the hardware of the device, and may include all mobile computer operating systems such as Android OS, iOS, Windows Mobile OS, Bada OS, Symbian OS, and BlackBerry OS.
  • SOH State of Health
  • RUL Remaining Useful Life
  • Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy is a technique widely used to observe the state of a battery.
  • the impedance measured at a specific frequency is closely related to the underlying chemical reaction and can therefore be used to evaluate battery health.
  • the present invention provides a low-cost portable EIS device 10 based on a microcontroller device (eg, ARM Cortex-M4 MCU) to measure the impedance spectrum of a lithium ion battery pack.
  • a microcontroller device eg, ARM Cortex-M4 MCU
  • the MCU uses a built-in DAC module to generate a sinusoidal sweep perturbation signal.
  • DAC digital lock-in amplifier
  • DLA digital lock-in amplifier
  • an interface is provided for displaying EIS information in real time using LabVIEW.
  • the EIS device 10 proposed in the present invention is suitable for measuring the impedance spectrum of the battery pack up to 1000V.
  • the measurement frequency range of the EIS device 10 was designed to be 1 Hz to 1 Khz.
  • the impedances of the Samsung SM3 battery pack and the Bexel pouch module were measured and compared with those obtained from commercial devices.
  • the EIS device 10 When a command is transmitted through the GUI provided, the EIS device 10 initializes the DAC unit 130 and the ADC unit 150 through the initialization unit 110, and a sine wave of small amplitude at different frequencies. Measure the impedance spectrum of the battery with the perturbation signal.
  • This provides useful information about the internal electrochemical processes inside the battery and can be used to extract the parameters of the equivalent circuit model (ECM) of the battery in the future.
  • ECM equivalent circuit model
  • useful information about the aging, condition and capacity of the battery can be used to manage the battery for better performance and longer life cycle.
  • the DAC unit 130 generates a sinusoidal perturbation signal according to different frequencies according to the set perturbation amplitude.
  • ECM equivalent circuit model
  • the high-frequency EIS is a straight line that reflects the inductive components of the battery and measuring device.
  • the intersection of the horizontal axis represents the resistive impedance (R s ) corresponding to the resistance of the electrolyte, electrode, and wire used in the test.
  • R s resistive impedance
  • R ct has the largest value in the total cell resistance at room temperature, and the power density of lithium-ion batteries mainly depends on R ct .
  • the low-frequency region is interpreted as a solid diffusion impedance expressed by the Warburg impedance (Z W ) given by Equation 2 below.
  • Q is the mass transfer coefficient.
  • the analysis can obtain the parameter values of each component in the ECM of the lithium-ion battery. Since the measurement is easy regardless of the size of the battery, the EIS device 10 proposed in the present invention can be an efficient analysis tool to investigate the degradation mechanism of the LIB.
  • FIG. 4 is an exemplary block diagram of an EIS system including the portable impedance spectrometer of FIG. 1 ;
  • the EIS device 10 may be a plug-and-play device connected to an external device 3 such as a PC through a USB port.
  • an external device 3 such as a PC through a USB port.
  • the system 1 is controlled by LabVIEW.
  • the peripheral PCB board 5 may include an MCU, current control logic, high voltage protection, signal conditioning and sensing circuitry, and the like.
  • an MCU's 12-bit DAC is used to generate a sinusoidal sweep reference signal superimposed on the DC signal as shown in Equations 3 and 4 below.
  • the frequency range used in the present invention is 1 Hz to 1 kHz, with 6 and 3 frequencies per decade.
  • the measured voltage and current signals can be collected from the battery pack by two separate 16-bit ADCs.
  • a 200 kHz sampling frequency can be used.
  • a high-precision current sink can be used to control the perturbation current.
  • the control logic may be composed of a switch, a comparator, a current sensor, and an amplifier as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the gate voltage of the switch is controlled by receiving feedback from the current sensor and comparing it with the input reference signal (V ref ) generated by the DAC.
  • V ref input reference signal
  • V ref the voltage across the current sensor also rises and the voltage feedback to the comparator increases until V ref .
  • V ref the input signal of V ref is sinusoidal, it generates a sinusoidal current through the switch.
  • the gain of feedback reduces the sensitivity of the input reference signal.
  • the battery pack may be connected to the EIS device of the present invention using a Four-Wire Kelvin connection as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the Four-Wire connector can eliminate wire resistance, and this structure can improve the accuracy of the measurement.
  • the ADC unit 150 acquires voltage and current waveforms generated by the perturbation signal.
  • the voltage across the battery can be measured using a passive high-pass filter and an active low-pass filter used to block DC and allow the ADC to acquire only filtered AC. Also, the current may be sensed by a sense resistor and amplified through an operational amplifier.
  • the impedance measuring unit 170 measures the impedance at a specific frequency based on the obtained voltage and current waveforms.
  • the impedance measuring unit 170 may extract only necessary frequency components from the acquired current and voltage data, and the impedance at a specific frequency may be calculated by DLA.
  • the software used in the present invention may be composed of the DLA-based EIS algorithm of the MCU and the LabVIEW software-based GUI as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • GUI graphical user interface
  • the system starts generating a sinusoidal sweep signal of the desired amplitude to perturb the battery pack, resulting in current and voltage waveforms collected by the MCU.
  • a desired frequency component may be extracted through the DLA, and the impedance of the specific frequency may be displayed in real time through the external device 3 such as a PC.
  • Equation 5 The obtained signal is expressed by Equation 5 below.
  • A is the amplitude of the measured signal
  • ⁇ is the initial phase.
  • B is the amplitude of the reference signal.
  • Equation 8 Equation 8 below, respectively 9 is derived.
  • the two outputs are passed through the low-pass filter to derive two DC signals as shown in Equations 10 and 11 below, respectively.
  • the amplitude and phase of the acquired signal are obtained using Equations 12 and 13 below, respectively.
  • Impedance Z can be calculated using Equation 14 below.
  • An example of a block diagram of a DLA for calculating impedance is shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the EIS device 10 of the present invention is respectively connected to a PC and a battery pack through a USB cable and a 4-wire Kelvin connection cable.
  • Table 1 below shows the specifications of the battery pack and pouch module.
  • Results are compared using commercially available instruments to verify the performance of the present invention.
  • the impedance spectrum measured by the EIS device 10 of the present invention and the commercial device of the Samsung SM3 ZE battery pack agrees well with each other and shows a chi-square of 0.728%.
  • 10 shows the result of the Bexel pouch module having a chi-square of 0.662%, through which the measurement accuracy of the EIS device 10 proposed in the present invention can be confirmed.
  • the present invention provides a low-cost portable EIS device capable of measuring the impedance spectrum of a lithium-ion battery pack up to 1000V without a separate external power supply.
  • the EIS device proposed in the present invention does not require external power because the impedance spectrum of the battery is measured only during discharge.
  • the EIS device 10 proposed in the present invention has the advantage that only a small amount of power is required for the operation of the circuit that can be supplied through the USB cable.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method for measuring an impedance spectrum of a high voltage battery pack using the portable impedance of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the impedance spectrum measurement method of the high voltage battery pack using the portable impedance spectrometer according to the present embodiment may be performed using substantially the same configuration as the EIS device 10 of FIG. 1 .
  • the same components as those of the EIS device 10 of FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals, and repeated descriptions are omitted.
  • the method for measuring the impedance spectrum of the high voltage battery pack using the portable impedance spectrometer according to the present embodiment may be executed by software (application) for performing the impedance spectrum measurement of the high voltage battery pack using the portable impedance spectrometer.
  • the present invention generates a sinusoidal swept perturbation signal using a low-cost portable EIS instrument for measuring the impedance spectrum of a lithium-ion battery pack.
  • a low-cost portable EIS instrument for measuring the impedance spectrum of a lithium-ion battery pack.
  • DLA digital lock-in amplifier
  • step S10 in the method of measuring the impedance spectrum of a high voltage battery pack using a portable impedance spectrometer according to the present embodiment, when a command is transmitted to a portable impedance spectrometer connected to the battery pack, the DAC unit and the ADC unit are initialized (step S10). .
  • GUI graphical user interface
  • the system starts generating a sinusoidal sweep signal of the desired amplitude to perturb the battery pack, resulting in current and voltage waveforms collected by the MCU.
  • a desired frequency component may be extracted through the DLA, and the impedance of the specific frequency may be displayed in real time through an external device such as a PC.
  • a sine wave perturbation signal according to different frequencies is generated according to the perturbation amplitude set through the DAC unit (step S30).
  • the perturbation signal may be controlled by comparing the gate voltage of the switch with the generated sinusoidal sweep reference signal through the feedback of the current sensor.
  • the voltage and current waveforms generated by the perturbation signal are acquired through the ADC unit (step S50).
  • the voltage across the battery can be measured using a passive high-pass filter and an active low-pass filter used to block DC and allow the ADC to acquire only filtered AC.
  • the current may be sensed by a sense resistor and amplified through an operational amplifier.
  • An impedance at a specific frequency is derived based on the obtained voltage and current waveforms (step S70).
  • the measured impedance provides useful information about the internal electrochemical process inside the battery and can be used to extract the parameters of the equivalent circuit model (ECM) of the battery in the future.
  • ECM equivalent circuit model
  • useful information about the aging, condition and capacity of the battery can be used to manage the battery for better performance and longer life cycle.
  • the calculated impedance result may be transmitted to the external device so that the impedance of a specific frequency can be displayed in real time.
  • Such a method of measuring the impedance spectrum of a high voltage battery pack using a portable impedance spectrometer may be implemented as an application or implemented in the form of program instructions that may be executed through various computer components and recorded in a computer-readable recording medium.
  • the computer-readable recording medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, etc. alone or in combination.
  • the program instructions recorded in the computer-readable recording medium are specially designed and configured for the present invention, and may be known and available to those skilled in the computer software field.
  • Examples of the computer-readable recording medium include hard disks, magnetic media such as floppy disks and magnetic tapes, optical recording media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs, and magneto-optical media such as floppy disks. media), and hardware devices specially configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, flash memory, and the like.
  • Examples of program instructions include not only machine language codes such as those generated by a compiler, but also high-level language codes that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter or the like.
  • the hardware device may be configured to operate as one or more software modules for carrying out the processing according to the present invention, and vice versa.
  • the present invention proposes a portable EIS device capable of measuring the impedance spectrum of a lithium ion battery pack.
  • the measurable frequency range is designed to be 1Hz to 1kHz, and the EIS device of the present invention can measure the impedance spectrum of the battery pack up to 1000V. It can also be used to evaluate the RUL of an EV battery pack for reuse.
  • the EIS device of the present invention has excellent accuracy as a commercial device.
  • the EIS device of the present invention uses only a 5V USB power supply and does not require a separate external power supply.
  • the EIS device of the present invention may be in the form of a plug-and-play device, and is usefully used in applications for measuring the state of the battery, such as the state of health (SOH) and the remaining useful life (RUL) of the battery.
  • SOH state of health
  • RUL remaining useful life

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un spectroscope d'impédance portable destiné à mesurer le spectre d'impédance d'un bloc-batterie haute tension comprenant : une unité d'initialisation pour initialiser une unité de CNA et une unité de CAN, si une commande est délivrée au moyen d'une GUI fournie ; l'unité de CNA permettant de générer un signal de perturbation d'onde sinusoïdale en fonction de différentes fréquences sur la base d'une amplitude de perturbation définie ; l'unité de CAN permettant d'obtenir une forme d'onde de tension et de courant générée au moyen du signal de perturbation ; et une unité de mesure d'impédance permettant de dériver l'impédance dans une fréquence particulière sur la base de la tension et de la forme d'onde de courant obtenues. Par conséquent, un dispositif EIS portable peut être fourni qui est capable de mesurer le spectre d'impédance d'un bloc-batterie haute tension sans alimentation externe séparée.
PCT/KR2021/020062 2020-12-31 2021-12-28 Spectroscope d'impédance portable et procédé de mesure du spectre d'impédance d'un bloc-batterie haute tension Ceased WO2022145979A1 (fr)

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KR20200188935 2020-12-31
KR10-2020-0188935 2020-12-31
KR10-2021-0094974 2021-07-20
KR1020210094974A KR102630936B1 (ko) 2020-12-31 2021-07-20 고전압 배터리 팩의 임피던스 스펙트럼 측정을 위한 휴대용 임피던스 분광기 및 방법

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KR20200020566A (ko) * 2018-08-17 2020-02-26 (주)엠텍정보기술 임피던스 분광법을 이용하여 배터리 수명 진단이 가능한 배터리 상태 진단장치 및 이를 이용한 진단방법
KR20200050950A (ko) * 2017-07-13 2020-05-12 더 가버닝 카운슬 오브 더 유니버시티 오브 토론토 전기 화학 임피던스 분광을 위한 전기 아키텍처

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KR20100021964A (ko) * 2008-08-18 2010-02-26 숭실대학교산학협력단 디지털 록인 앰프를 이용한 대용량 전기화학기기의 임피던스 측정 방법 및 측정 장치
KR20170141400A (ko) * 2016-06-15 2017-12-26 자동차부품연구원 고전압 배터리 팩의 임피던스 측정 장치
KR20200050950A (ko) * 2017-07-13 2020-05-12 더 가버닝 카운슬 오브 더 유니버시티 오브 토론토 전기 화학 임피던스 분광을 위한 전기 아키텍처
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RAHIM GUL, WOO-JIN CHOI: "A Portable Impedance Spectroscopy Instrument for the Measurement of the Impedance Spectrum of High Voltage Battery Pack", THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE KOREAN INSTITUTE OF POWER ELECTRONICS, THE KOREAN INSTITUTE OF POWER ELECTRONICS, KP, vol. 26, no. 3, 30 June 2021 (2021-06-30), KP , pages 192 - 198, XP055948886, ISSN: 1229-2214, DOI: 10.6113/TKPE.2021.26.3.192 *

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