WO2022038675A1 - Fertilizer, method for producing same, and method for producing crops - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a fertilizer, a method for producing the fertilizer, and a method for producing crops, each of which can increase the yield of the crops and improve the quality of the crops. The fertilizer is primarily composed of starch gel. In the method for producing the fertilizer, starch gel grains are obtained from at least one kind of rice selected from damaged grains, opaque-kernel rice, colored grains, and immature grains. In the method for producing the crops, plants are cultivated on an agricultural filed where the fertilizer primarily composed of the starch gel is spread.

Description

Fertilizer, its production method and crop production method

The present invention relates to fertilizer, a method for producing fertilizer, and a method for producing crops.

Patent Document 1 discloses a solid fertilizer obtained by mixing oblate with chemical fertilizer, compost, bone meal, fish meal, calcium carbonate or calcium sulfate (hereinafter referred to as "fertilizer"). When the solid fertilizer is infiltrated with water or rainwater in the soil, the oblate contains water and expands, and the solid fertilizer collapses.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2020-63167

However, with the above technology, if the amount of solar radiation and the hours of sunshine are insufficient, there is a risk that the yield of crops will decrease or the quality of crops will deteriorate.

The present invention has been made to solve this problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fertilizer, a method for producing a fertilizer, and a method for producing a crop, which can increase the yield of crops and improve the quality of crops.

In order to achieve this purpose, the fertilizer of the present invention contains starch gel as a main component. The method for producing fertilizer is to obtain a starch gel from at least one type of rice selected from damaged grains, dead rice, colored grains and immature grains. The crop production method is to cultivate plants in a field sprinkled with fertilizer containing starch gel as the main component.

According to the first aspect, the plant absorbs carbon dioxide and water and produces glucose (carbohydrate) and oxygen by photosynthesis. Plants use nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphoric acid that are absorbed from the roots, and synthesize various organic compounds (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc.) from carbohydrates to form crops.

On the other hand, plants consume carbohydrates and oxygen by breathing and create energy to absorb nutrients from the roots. When the amount of solar radiation and the hours of sunshine are insufficient due to bad weather, plants cannot sufficiently photosynthesize, so the carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis are consumed by respiration, and the carbohydrates required by plants are insufficient.

However, starch gel, which is the main component of fertilizer, is decomposed into sugar in the soil, dissolved in water, and absorbed by plants from the roots. Since an appropriate amount of sugar is used for plants in a timely manner, it is possible to secure the amount of carbohydrates in plants even when the amount of solar radiation and sunshine hours are short and photosynthesis is insufficient. Therefore, it is possible to increase the yield of crops and improve the quality of crops.

According to the second aspect, it further contains sugar. Before the starch gel is decomposed into sugar in the soil, the sugar contained in the fertilizer is dissolved in water and absorbed by the plant, so that the fertilizer effect onset rate can be increased in addition to the effect of the first aspect.

According to the third aspect, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are constituent elements. In addition to the effect of the first or second aspect, it becomes easy to calculate the amount of elements contained in the field by putting fertilizer into the field.

According to the fourth aspect, starch gel grains are obtained from at least one type of rice selected from damaged grains, dead rice, colored grains and immature grains. Of the starch brought out from the field by rice harvesting, the starch that is discarded can be returned to the field, so that waste can be reduced and resources can be recycled. Furthermore, since it is gradually decomposed from the surface of the starch gel grains, the fertilizing effect lasts for a long time.

According to the fifth aspect, since the plant is cultivated in the field where the fertilizer containing the starch gel as the main component is sown, the same effect as that of the first aspect is obtained.

According to the sixth aspect, since the starch-degrading enzyme is further sprinkled on the field, the decomposition of the starch gel can be promoted. Therefore, in addition to the effect of the fifth aspect, the rate of onset of fertilizing effect can be increased.

(A) is a schematic diagram in which fertilizer in one embodiment is sown in a field, and (b) is a schematic diagram in which conventional solid fertilizer is sown in a field. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the light intensity and the amount of oxygen released by a plant.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram in which the fertilizer 10 in one embodiment is sown in the field 30. The fertilizer 10 contains starch gel 11 (C ₆ H ₁₀ O ₅ ) _n as a main component. The main component means that the ratio of the starch gel 11 to the fertilizer 10 is 80 wt% or more.

When water is added to starch and heated, it gelatinizes. When this is cooled, starch gel 11 is finally obtained. The starch gel 11 may have aged starch. The starch gel 11 is a dried gelatinized starch. Since the starch gel 11 has a low water content, it does not easily spoil and has excellent storage stability. The starch gel 11 is cut or crushed (crushed) to an appropriate size so as to be easily mixed with soil particles and easily dissolved in water, and is made into granules or flakes.

When gelatinizing starch, sugar (carbohydrate) may be added. After obtaining the starch gel 11, further sugar may be added. When the fertilizer 10 further contains sugar, the sugar contained in the fertilizer 10 is dissolved in the water in the soil and absorbed by the plant before the starch gel 11 is decomposed into sugar in the soil. As a result, the rate of fertilization can be increased.

The raw material of starch gel 11 is starch obtained from cereals, potatoes, roots / stems, beans and the like. As the starch, powder may be used, or grains such as cereals and beans may be used. Examples of cereals are corn, wheat, and rice. Examples of potatoes include potatoes, sweet potatoes, and cassava. Examples of roots and trunks include sago palm, kudzu, bracken, and lotus root. Examples of beans include mung beans, adzuki beans, green beans, and peas.

When grains such as cereals and beans are used as a raw material for starch gel 11, the entire grains may be gelled, or the surface of the grains may be gelled but the center may not be gelled. good. Water is added to the grains of the raw material of the starch gel 11, and the mixture is heated and then dried to obtain the grains of the starch gel 11. When the starch gel 11 grains are used, they are gradually decomposed from the surface of the grains, so that the fertilizing effect lasts for a long time. The starch gel 11 grains are preferably those in which the entire grains are gelled. This is because the whole grain is decomposed into sugar in the soil.

As the raw material of the starch gel 11, starch that is not distributed on the market can be used. Examples of starch that is not distributed on the market include damaged grains, dead rice, colored grains, and immature grains of rice. Examples of the damaged grains include germinated grains, diseased grains, insect-damaged grains, split grains, malformed grains, brown rice, crushed grains, spotted grains, germ-deficient grains, and peeled grains. Examples of dead rice include blue dead rice and white dead rice. Examples of the colored grains include fully colored grains, partially colored grains, and red rice. Examples of the immature grains include milky white grains, heart white grains, blue immature grains, base immature grains, belly white immature grains, spine white grains, and powdery grains.

At least the surface of at least one type of rice selected from damaged grains, dead rice, colored grains and immature grains can be gelatinized to obtain starch gel 11 grains. When this starch gel 11 is used as fertilizer 10, the starch that is discarded from the starch brought out from the field 30 by rice harvesting can be turned into fertilizer 10 and returned to the field 30, so that waste can be reduced and resources can be recycled. Can be done. The rice used as the raw material of the starch gel 11 may be brown rice or white rice.

The oblate obtained by rapidly drying a gelatinized starch until the water content reaches about 10% -15% is one of the starch gels 11. Non-standard products and scraps generated during the production of oblate can be used as starch gel 11 to make fertilizer 10.

When the fertilizer 10 is sprinkled on the field 30 as shown in FIG. 1 (a), the disjointed starch gel 11 contained in the fertilizer 10 is entirely surrounded by the soil. The starch gel 11 may be dissolved in water and then sprinkled in the field 30. The starch gel 11 in the field 30 is decomposed and saccharified by soil microorganisms. The sugar decomposed by the starch gel 11 is absorbed by the plant from the roots.

Further sprinkling the starch-degrading enzyme in the field 30 can promote the decomposition of the starch gel 11. As a result, the rate of fertilization can be increased. Amylase is exemplified as a starch-degrading enzyme.

The fertilizer 10 can be used for both the original fertilizer and the top fertilizer. When the fertilizer 10 is used as the main fertilizer, it is preferable that the starch gel 11 is contained in a field 30 of 1000 m ² in an amount of 3 kg or more and 10 kg or less, although it depends on the type of crop.

In addition to the fertilizer 10, the field 30 contains essential major elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur) and essential trace elements (iron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, boron, chlorine) that are essential for plant growth. , Nickel), useful element (silicon) is supplied. Of the essential macroelements, carbon is supplied to plants from fertilizer 10 and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Of the essential macroelements, hydrogen and oxygen are supplied to plants from the atmosphere and water. These elements can be added to the field 30 in both the original fertilizer and the top fertilizer.

The fertilizer 10 may contain essential major elements such as calcium, magnesium and sulfur, essential trace elements, and useful elements in addition to the starch gel 11. However, the fertilizer 10 preferably contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen as constituent elements. This is because it is easy to calculate the amount of elements contained in the field 30 by putting the fertilizer 10 in the field 30. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, unavoidable impurities derived from starch gel 11 are contained in fertilizer 10.

The field 30 includes nurseries such as seedlings, rice fields, and fields. Examples of crops produced in the field 30 include cereals, leafy vegetables, fruit vegetables, root vegetables, potatoes, and fruit trees. Examples of cereals include rice, wheat and beans. Examples of leafy vegetables include spinach, cabbage, and Japanese mustard spinach. Examples of fruit vegetables include tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, watermelons, and melons. Examples of root vegetables include radish, carrot, and burdock. Examples of potatoes include potatoes, sweet potatoes, and dioscorea opposita. Examples of fruit trees include mandarin oranges, apples, pears, and grapes. The fertilizer 10 can increase the yield and sugar content of the crop.

FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram in which the solid fertilizer 20 disclosed in Patent Document 1 is sown in the field 30 (prior art). The solid fertilizer 20 includes chemical fertilizer, compost, bone meal, fish meal, calcium carbonate or calcium sulfate (fertilizer and the like 21) and oblate (starch gel 11). In the solid fertilizer 20, the starch gel 11 and the fertilizer and the like 21 are solidified. Therefore, when the solid fertilizer 20 is sprinkled on the field 30, the starch gel 11 located on the surface of the solid fertilizer 20 is partially in contact with the fertilizer or the like 21 and partly in contact with the soil. The starch gel 11 located inside the solid fertilizer 20 is entirely surrounded by the fertilizer and the like 21.

When the starch gel 11 contained in the solid fertilizer 20 expands with water in the soil, the solid fertilizer 20 collapses. Starch gel 11 is decomposed into sugar by soil microorganisms. Plants absorb water with dissolved sugar from the roots and consume it as needed. However, the starch gel 11 contained in the fertilizer or the like 21 is smaller than the fertilizer or the like 21 contained in the solid fertilizer 20. Since the solid fertilizer 20 is sprinkled in the field 30 by the fertilizer or the like 21 in order to reduce the amount of essential elements and useful elements in the soil to a specified amount, the starch gel 11 (carbohydrate) supplied to the field 30 by the solid fertilizer 20 is small. be.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing photosynthesis of plants, and is a diagram showing the relationship between the intensity of light and the amount of oxygen released by plants. The horizontal axis of FIG. 2 shows the intensity of light applied to the plant, and the vertical axis of FIG. 2 shows the amount of oxygen released into the air by the plant by photosynthesis.

Plants absorb carbon dioxide and water and produce glucose (carbohydrate) and oxygen by photosynthesis. Plants use essential and useful elements that are absorbed from the roots, and synthesize various organic compounds (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc.) from carbohydrates to form crops. On the other hand, plants consume carbohydrates and oxygen by breathing and produce energy to absorb essential elements from the roots.

At point A shown in FIG. 2, plants take in all the oxygen necessary for living from the air. At point B, the plant produces all the necessary oxygen and carbohydrates by photosynthesis, and all the water and carbon dioxide produced by respiration are the raw materials for photosynthesis. In section C, the oxygen produced by photosynthesis is consumed by respiration, so the plant takes in the deficient oxygen from the air. In section D, the plant releases excess oxygen into the air and stores excess carbohydrates in the body. When the amount of solar radiation and the hours of sunshine are insufficient due to bad weather, plants cannot sufficiently photosynthesize, and the carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis are consumed by respiration. Therefore, when the amount of solar radiation and the hours of sunshine are insufficient, the carbohydrates required by plants are insufficient.

On the other hand, the starch gel 11 contained in the fertilizer 10 sown in the field 30 is decomposed into sugar in the soil, dissolved in water and absorbed by the plants from the roots. Since the fertilizer 10 contains the starch gel 11 as a main component, a sufficient amount of the starch gel 11 can be put into the field 30. An appropriate amount of sugar produced by the decomposition of starch gel 11 is absorbed by the plant and used in the plant in a timely manner. By absorbing the sugar produced from the starch gel 11, the plant can secure the amount of carbohydrates in the plant even when the amount of solar radiation and the sunshine duration are insufficient, so that the yield of the crop can be increased and the quality of the crop can be improved. ..

Carbon, which is a constituent element of all organic compounds (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc.) that make up plants, is supplied to plants from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Of the elements required by plants, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are supplied from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere or water, so they are not usually applied as fertilizers.

However, the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by plants from the atmosphere depends on photosynthesis, so if the amount of solar radiation or sunshine hours is insufficient, the amount of carbon in plants will decrease. When the C / N ratio (carbon ratio) of a crop becomes low and the amount of undigested nitrogen increases, it tends to be difficult for flowers and fruits to grow and the damage of pests increases.

On the other hand, when the fertilizer 10 is applied, the starch gel 11 is decomposed into sugar in the soil, so that the plant can absorb a sufficient amount of sugar from the roots. As a result, fluctuations in the amount of carbon in plants due to fluctuations in the amount of solar radiation and sunshine duration are reduced. Further, since the starch gel 11 does not release nitrogen, the amount of undigested nitrogen in the plant is reduced, the plant grows soundly, and the shelf life of the crop is improved.

Since the starch gel 11 is slowly decomposed into sugar in the soil, it is possible to suppress the increase of bacteria and the outbreak of insects due to the increase in sugar in the soil, as compared with sprinkling sugar on the soil instead of the starch gel 11. can.

Although it depends on the type of crop, it is preferable to sprinkle the starch gel 11 in the field 30 in the range of 0.25 parts by mass to 2.5 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of nitrogen contained in the field 30. This is to ensure the growth of plants and the yield of crops by making the C / N ratio (carbon ratio) of the field 30 appropriate.

The present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to this example.

In the experimental plot, in addition to organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, 6 kg of pieces of oblate (starch gel) were put into 1000 m ² of the field as the main fertilizer and cultivated by rotary tillage. The fields were filled with water, paddy fields were created, and paddy rice (variety Koshihikari) seedlings were planted. Topdressing was performed as appropriate. The control group excluded the original fertilizer of oblate (starch gel).

During the panicle-blowing period, one plant (2 to 3) seedlings were tilled to about 40 on average in the experimental plot. On the other hand, in the control group, the tillers of one seedling were about 30 on average.

At the heading stage, in the experimental plot, the number of grains of two ears near the center of one randomly selected plant was 174 and 156, and the number of ears at the end of one plant was 110 or more. rice field. On the other hand, in the control group, the number of grains of the two ears near the center of one randomly selected plant was 102 and 108, and the number of ears at the end of one plant was about 80.

In the experimental plot and the control plot, the amount of solar radiation and the hours of sunshine were small because the rainy season overlapped from the spike-bearing period to the heading period. However, it was clarified that the paddy rice in the experimental plot grown in the field where the starch gel was sown, despite the bad weather, could have a larger number of spikes than the control plot. According to the examples, it was revealed that the yield of crops can be increased regardless of the amount of sunshine and the duration of sunshine.

Although the present invention has been described above based on the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and it is easy that various improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It can be inferred from.

In the examples, the case where the plant is paddy rice has been described, but it is not necessarily limited to this. As the plants and crops, those described in the embodiments can be appropriately set.

10 Fertilizer 11 Starch gel 30 Field

Claims (6)

Fertilizer whose main component is starch gel. The fertilizer according to claim 1, further containing sugar. The fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, which contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen as constituent elements. The method for producing fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
A method for producing a fertilizer for obtaining grains of the starch gel from at least one type of rice selected from damaged grains, dead rice, colored grains and immature grains. A method for producing a crop in which a plant is cultivated in a field sprinkled with fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The method for producing a crop according to claim 5, wherein the field is further sprinkled with a starch-degrading enzyme.

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