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WO2022015263A1 - Composition pour éteindre des feux de forêt et de métal - Google Patents

Composition pour éteindre des feux de forêt et de métal Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022015263A1
WO2022015263A1 PCT/TR2020/051170 TR2020051170W WO2022015263A1 WO 2022015263 A1 WO2022015263 A1 WO 2022015263A1 TR 2020051170 W TR2020051170 W TR 2020051170W WO 2022015263 A1 WO2022015263 A1 WO 2022015263A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
fires
fire
composition according
water
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PCT/TR2020/051170
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English (en)
Inventor
Bülent KULA
Muhammet GENÇER
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
    • A62D1/0014—Powders; Granules
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
    • A62D1/0035—Aqueous solutions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
    • C09K21/02—Inorganic materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fire - extinguishing composition.
  • the invention relates to a composition for extinguishing and cooling fire and flames in forest and light metal fires by way of a fire - resistant surface film coating effective at high temperature ranges (400 - 1600 ⁇ ).
  • Water is the most common fire extinguishing agent used in the world for forest fires and Class A fires. Agents that expand in water (foam) are also used for this purpose. Temperatures can rise up to 1000 ⁇ C during fires at forests, industrial zones or residential areas. The water used in fighting such fires starts boiling at 100 ⁇ C and evaporates, while the hydrogen is released at 108 ⁇ C and the remaining oxygen further fuels the fire. This is why it takes long to extinguish fires with water in hot and windy conditions and success rate drops in these operations.
  • Flame retardant is another material used for preventing and retarding fires. Retardant is only used as a flame retardant and has no fire - extinguishing are only used as flame retardant and has no fire extinguishing capabilities, with limited cooling effect. Widely used retardants include “ammonium phosphate dibasic” as the main component and as stated in the MSDSs published by World Health Organization on behalf of ILO and WHO, “It may produce irritant or toxic fumes (or gases) in case of fire.” Since it melts at 155 ⁇ , it is ineffective at high temperatures up to 1000 *0.
  • fires reaching 400 ⁇ C or above require fire - resistant compositions that can remove oxygen and extinguish materials burning at 400 - 1600 ⁇ , resist to such extreme temperatures, include natural components in the form of organic matter derivatives, not evaporate rapidly under high temperature and fire conditions, prevent and cool the spread by resisting to heat and fire and prevent rekindling and reignition.
  • Offenlegungsschrift 2 023 374 patent describes a dry powder fire extinguishing agent which contains different powders (carbonates, borax, magnesium oxides, etc.) and is to be applied by means of adhesives.
  • the main component is called perlite. Since this material is extremely hygroscopic, the shelf life is limited. In addition, since it has a very large active surface much "water - based adhesive" must be used. In case of fire, however, this can serve as an oxygen depot for the fire and in particular further fuel metal fires. These adhesives are already on the powder and should be melted on the fire and thus glue the powder.
  • Patent application no. EP 0395322 B1 relates to a method for extinguishing a burning metal fire and a fire extinguishing agent suitable thereof.
  • a mixture of boron oxide and hydrophobized glass beads of 20 - 200 microns are used. In this case, between 70 and 95 % boron oxide are used.
  • the glass spheres used are so - called cenospheres (waste materials from coal combustion), which naturally fluctuate greatly in their properties and work uncontrollably in a reactive manner. These particles are hydrophobized to avoid sticking in the bearing.
  • the extinguishing powder according to the invention is not "stickable" and thus suitable only for horizontal fires.
  • Patent application no. US 3,475,322 uses a powder mixture of metallophilic compounds such as SiC and zirconium boride in combination with hollow glass spheres of a size of less than 35 pm. Also in this case it is, as with all materials described so far dust - like powder.
  • Patent application no. DE 10 2006 019739 A1 describes a “temperature - resistant” round granules and a “spray system”.
  • the invention uses a combination of cenospheres and borosilicate glass. It is important that the glass granules have a minimum of 10 % alumina, better>30 %. Ideally, only borosilicate glass is used.
  • Patent application no. DE 10 2016 011955 A1 is developed with glass silicates and phosphates. Moreover, it is recommended to use a heating aerosol.
  • the fire extinguishing agent according to the invention comprises temperature - resistant, hollow and round pellets in the form of hollow glass beads or hollow ceramic balls, where the glass material comprises silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide and ferric oxide.
  • Patent application no. US 2349980 A and CN101073696 A describe fire extinguishing bombs.
  • the said body is formed at its end remote from the detonating mechanism with an enlarged head portion having a frusto - conical shaped side confronting the explosive powder and at its end adjacent to the detonating mechanism with a circumferential rib presenting oppositely sloping sides to portions of the explosive powder.
  • the said body parts are adapted to direct the particles of fire extinguishing powder when the device is exploded.
  • Patent application no. US 7261165 B1 relates to a housing unit which includes two parts that define a fire - smothering chemical storing interior volume.
  • the housing unit is transported to a target area of a forest fire by an aircraft and dropped onto the target area.
  • An explosive charge is located inside the housing unit and is detonated when the housing unit impacts the ground. The explosion associated with the detonated charge separates the two parts of the housing and disperses the chemical from the open housing unit.
  • Patent application no. US 20150196787 A1 relates to a method of extinguishing a Class D fire and one or more other classes of fires and may include a foam and one or more inert gases combined with the foam.
  • the term “inert gas” means at least one gas selected from helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon in concentrations greater than concentrations naturally occurring in air.
  • Patent application no. EP 1850919 A4 relates to a fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing multiple classes of fires that may include a foam and at least one inert gas combined with the foam.
  • inert gas means at least one gas selected from helium and argon.
  • the present invention relates to a composition which satisfies the requirements listed above, eliminates the disadvantages of the prior art while bringing new benefits to the technical field by stopping oxygen absorption through immediate decomposition in case of direct contact with a temperature of 400 *C or higher with direct use or application with all types of fire extinguishing agents and equipment with or without pressure or by way of storing in fire extinguisher tubes, back pumps, fire hydrants, fire pools, forest and fire sprinklers, helicopters, firefighting aircrafts, etc.
  • the primary objective of the invention is to provide a composition in the form of powder or liquid solution available for use in all Class A and D fires at 400 - 1600 ⁇ high temperature and flame conditions, with the properties of extinguishing such fires in very short times compared to water, foams expanding in water and flame retardants, cooling the burning environment, forming a coating or film layer in surface applications to prevent spread and advance of fire by blocking the oxygen required by fire.
  • Another objective of the invention is to extinguish unsuppressible forest fires that can last for months in a very rapid and conclusive manner, eliminate the cooling operations that can take days in the case of using water as fire extinguisher, preventing the spread and advance of fire, creating a fire barrier for the same purpose, eliminating the “counter - fire” method applied in certain countries to prevent reburning of forests, thereby conserving the ecological and economic order.
  • One other objective of the invention is to develop a composition that does not release toxic gases or fumes according to OSHA and NIOSH regulations, thereby providing incombustibility without polluting the environment and risking human health.
  • Another objective of the invention is to rapidly extinguish, cool and ensure fire safety in industrial site, house, vehicle fires responded by fire departments, and employing the fire and flame spread prevention function of the invention to stop the fire from spreading to nearby buildings.
  • One other objective of the invention is to extinguish light metal fires in industrial sites by using the decomposition, layer - forming and oxygen removal functions of the agent according to the invention and stop such fires by blocking contact with oxygen.
  • Another objective of the invention is to provide a solution that is available for use with all fire extinguishing agents and equipment.
  • the solution according to the invention can be used as a rapid / immediate fire extinguishing and cooling agent in all sprinklers, helicopters, firefighting aircrafts, fire pools, fire wells, portable fire extinguishers in powder and / or liquid form.
  • the invention provides an agent which comprises one or a combination of the following having the properties listed thereafter:
  • Aluminium sulfate (hydrated or anhydrous forms) as a fire - resistant, double complex - forming, PH - stabilizing, fire - retardant, micro - feeding and water softening agent which breaks down at certain temperature ranges to release hydrate;
  • Disodium tetraborate (hydrated or anhydrous forms) as a mineral resistant to 1575 ⁇ C with high hydrate content; - At least one borate - based flame retardant / retardant activator such as trihydroxyboron;
  • At least one metal corrosion inhibitor composed of organic acid salts
  • the composition is used in liquid form as a rapid extinguisher and incombustibility provider at high temperatures (400 - 1600 ⁇ ) in wood, timber and by - products, furniture, paper, epoxy - coated products, textile products, felt, rubber, tire, polyester, vinyl ester etc. products in the automotive industry, plywood, particleboard, compact laminated flooring, compressed solid products; and as a powerful extinguisher, resistant fire spreading preventer and a rapid cooling agent in all Class A fires, forest fires, fires responded by fire departments and advanced, unsuppressible, inextinguishable fires.
  • the composition is used as a Class D powder resistant to high heats with extinguisher, cooler, surface cover, layer - formation, oxygen - removal capabilities in industrial light metal fires.
  • Figure 1 shows the wood configuration used in the testing method pursuant to TS 862 - 7 EN 3 - 7 + A1 standard.
  • the invention relates to a fire - resistant, surface film coating flame retardant effective at high temperature ranges (400 - 1600 ⁇ ) and used for rapidly extinguishing and cooling fire and flames in forest and light metal fires, comprising Aluminium sulfate, disodium tetraborate, at least one activator, at least one inhibitor, and at least one or a combination of a pigment or water.
  • Table 1 Content of the powder composition according to the invention
  • the powder composition according to the invention is based on forming “Aluminium Boron Sulfate” and generally comprises Aluminium sulfate and disodium tetraborate.
  • Aluminium sulfate, AI2(S04)3 is a fire - resistant, double complex - forming, Ph - stabilizing, fire - retardant, micro - feeding and water softening agent which breaks down at certain temperature ranges to release hydrate.
  • One embodiment of the invention comprises 60 - 90 %, preferably 90 % Aluminium sulfate by weight in total composition.
  • Disodium tetraborate, Na2B407 is a mineral also known as borax and is resistant to temperatures up to 1575 ⁇ , with sodium borate, sodium tetraborate or disodium tetraborate being significant boron compounds.
  • Anhydrous (anhydrous sodium tetraborate, Na2B407) or hydrated forms of disodium tetraborate, preferably pentahydrate, Na2B407 - 5H20 or decahydrate Na2B407 - 10H2O, more preferably disodium tetraborate decahydrate with high hydrate content can be used according to the invention.
  • Another embodiment of the invention comprises 3 - 10 %, preferably 5 % disodium sulfate by weight in total composition.
  • Another embodiment of the invention comprises, in addition to the above composition, at least one flame retardant / retardant activator, preferably trihydroxyboron, BH303.
  • Trihydroxyboron, boric acid, orthoboric acid, boracic acid, boron trihydroxide, boron hydroxide, H3B03, B(OH)3 also fall within the scope of the invention as the basic form of borate - based flame retardants used to decrease the flash point of combustion materials.
  • One embodiment of the invention comprises 3 - 6 %, preferably 5 % flame retardant / retardant activator by weight in total composition.
  • Another embodiment of the invention comprises, in addition to the above composition, at least one corrosion inhibitor, preferably a metal corrosion inhibitor containing organic acid salts.
  • Organic corrosion inhibitors are preferred due to their non - toxic properties.
  • Organic inhibitors are adsorbed in metal surface to form a thin polymeric film, which inhibit corrosion in a wide pH range.
  • One embodiment of the invention comprises 1 - 5 %, preferably 1 % corrosion inhibitor, more preferably a metal corrosion inhibitor containing organic acid salts by weight in total composition.
  • Another embodiment of the invention comprises, in addition to the above composition, at least one colouring pigment, preferably ferric oxide.
  • Ferric oxides basically have four colours, namely yellow, red, brown and black and are used for marking the area where the composition according to the invention is applied.
  • the aqueous solution of the composition with ferric oxide according to the invention colours the aerial application area to mark and make it visible.
  • One embodiment of the invention comprises 0.1 - 0.3 %, preferably 0.1 % pigment by weight in total composition.
  • the invention relates to a method for applying the powder composition, formed by mixing one or a combination of the above ingredients, on surfaces as a flame retardant agent or on burning metals in Class D fires as a rapid fire extinguishing and cooling agent, or on burning areas in Class A fires directly or by mixing with water.
  • One embodiment of the invention comprises a liquid solution obtained by diluting the abovementioned dry powder composition with maximum 50 %, preferably 1 - 50 %, and more preferably 5 - 50 % deionized water (pure water, distilled water) by weight.
  • the invention comprises the method of dissolving the abovementioned dry powder composition in 50 % maximum by weight in 65 - 85 ⁇ C deionized water to obtain a homogenous mixture and applying the resulting aqueous solution on surfaces as a flame retardant agent or applying directly or by mixing with water in Class A fires as a rapid extinguishing and cooling agent.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention relates to a dry powder composition, comprising 90 % Aluminium sulfate octadecahydrate, 5 % disodium tetraborate decahydrate, 4 % trihydroxyboron and 1 % organic acid salts by weight in total composition.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the invention relates to a liquid solution obtained by dissolving the above composition in 50 % by weight in deionized water.
  • Aluminium sulfate which has 58 times more molar mass content than water and is used for conditioning water, cleaning, increasing soil fertility in agricultural applications and adjusting pH value of the soil.
  • the molar mass of water is 18.01528 g / mol.
  • Disodium tetraborate decahydrate Na2B4O7.10H2O
  • Aluminium sulfate AI2(SO4)3.18H20
  • the total molar mass is 1047 g / mol.
  • the derived “Aluminium boron sulfate” has 58 times more molar mass than water. Active substances with high molar content are more resistant to heat and temperature than water. 58 times more molar mass than water means the active substances contain more atomic structures, which in turn results in more resistance to heat and temperature as the primary property of the substance compared to water.
  • Aluminium boron sulfate is derived when the above materials are formulated in a homogenous way at certain amounts and conditions. Aluminium boron sulfate is formulated in 100 % powder by weight and 50 % liquid by weight. Aluminium sulfate melts in temperatures at or above 400 ⁇ . T his creates an immediate reaction when applied to a substance burning with higher temperature (decomposition effect). A heat - resistant film layer is formed after decomposing in sudden contact at high temperatures. When applied to a fire burning at a high temperature, this fire - resistant, non - volatile layer, which does not evaporate rapidly, removes contact with oxygen and stops oxygen absorption needed by fire (ASTM D 1259: Substance after 2 hours at 100 ⁇ , 50 .26).
  • Aluminium boron sulfate functions in sequence when in contact with high temperature.
  • Disodium tetraborate decahydrate decomposes at 70 ⁇ binds with trihydroxyboron which decomposes at 170 ‘C to funct ion as a fire retardant and support and trigger dissolution integration of Aluminium sulfate by reducing pH 9.3.
  • This composition results in decomposition effect with the release of heat - resistant molecule hydrate at high temperatures of 1600 ⁇ .
  • T his mechanism enables formulating three separate factors under a single composition. Homogenous distribution thanks to its solubility in water during the production process makes it possible to produce the content of the goods in concentrated fashion.
  • Aluminium hydroxide which is the active substance of Aluminium sulfate, thereby enabling cooling at high speed by forming a film layer.
  • Aluminium sulfate is obtained by adding sulphuric acid to Aluminium hydroxide or by heating Aluminium metal in a sulphuric acid solution as a double Aluminium salt with hydrolysis affinity.
  • Disodium tetraborate decahydrate (Na2B4O7.10H2O) boils at 1575 ⁇ . It is a natural mineral resistant to high temperatures. Moreover, it is a powerful natural disinfectant with antiseptic, antifungal and antibiotic properties. Disodium tetraborate decahydrate contains high amount of hydrate and breaks down at certain temperature ranges after 70 ⁇ to release h ydrates.
  • Trihydroxyboron BH303, is a mineral acid active in flame retardation and melts at 170 *C.
  • Another application substance is metal inhibitors with different variations.
  • the suitability of inhibitors is based on the structure of metals used; many being prepared with special mixtures.
  • Inhibitor is determined according to a loss of mass test.
  • Another effective corrosion preventing method for the necessary applications is through the use of inhibitors.
  • Inhibitors are additives added to corrosion medium to reduce or prevent corrosive effect.
  • the agent according to the invention forms a layer wetter and more humid than water on both flat and complex surfaces (forest vegetation, automotive tires, wooden pallets) and other applied surfaces according to the standard model thanks to its disodium tetraborate decahydrate content.
  • Aluminium sulfate used for forming a film layer and blocking oxygen absorption and trihydroxyboron, an activator with flame retardant resistance is homogenously mixed in water at 80 ⁇ to derive Aluminium Boron Sulfate with high water molar mass and high heat resistance.
  • a suitable inhibitor is added to the composition.
  • Disodium tetraborate decahydrate and Aluminium sulfate are water - soluble materials that contain hydrate resistant to high heat conditions. They dissolve in high heat and release hydrate. This composition also enables more efficient operation on forest vegetation and soil without leading to any environmental toxicological degeneration.
  • Aluminium boron sulfate When applied on a surface, Aluminium boron sulfate creates a thin layer that does not deform in a fast manner under normal weather conditions.
  • the applied surface releases hydrates when faced with a flame of 400 ⁇ , whereas it decomposes and creates a layer to stop oxygen absorption at temperatures above 400 ⁇ .
  • This operation prevents the surface from burning thanks to its wetness provided by heat - resistant hydrates; when applied directly to the fire and flames, rapidly extinguishes the fire with a surface wetter and more humid than water; and again creates cooling effect on fire and flames with a wet surface thanks to its Aluminium hydroxide content.
  • Another field of application of the invention covers Class D, internal combusting light metal fires. Due to the status of such fires, it is necessary to use agents with the properties of preventing and blocking fire and flames, forming a film and blocking oxygen to extinguish and cool the fire.
  • this function is performed by the Aluminium hydroxide (AI(OH)3) mineral (hydrargillite) contained in Aluminium sulfate (AI2(S04)3) in amphoteric form. It melts at 300 ⁇ and is not solu ble in water. Similar to magnesium hydroxide and huntite and hydromagnesite mixtures, Aluminium hydroxide is also used a flame retardant filler in polymer applications. It decomposes at around 180 ⁇ (356 ), while absorbi ng a significant amount of heat and releasing water vapour in the process. Besides functioning as a flame retardant, it is also effective as a smoke suppressor in various polymers, particularly in polyesters, acrylics, ethylene vinyl acetate, epoxies, PVC and rubber products.
  • Aluminium hydroxide AI(OH)3 mineral (hydrargillite) contained in Aluminium sulfate (AI2(S04)3) in amphoteric form. It melts at 300 ⁇ and is not solu ble in water. Similar to magnesium hydroxide and
  • ASTM test method is the American National test method standard for fire extinguishing agents with international recognition and applicable regulations. This test method is applicable in many countries. In EU countries, the “EN” norm covers the standards that have international recognition. Pursuant to this framework and standards, the criteria related to Class A fire extinguishing agents apply with certification.
  • heptane in an amount to burn for 3 minutes was placed in a tray with a metal pan covering the same at a predetermined length and range, followed by placing 8 * 8 * 80 cm long yellow pine flammable material containing 5 % humidity on top of it arranged diagonally at the width and length in the predetermined form with 5cm between each piece.
  • Wood particles pulverized by thinner were ignited.
  • the composition was used to extinguish the fire when the flames rose high. Flames vanished very quickly despite using thinner as the igniter.
  • a barrier was created by soaking a part of the flammable material before setting it on fire. It was observed that the flames did not reach the barrier line, slowed down and extinguished after getting trapped in that portion.
  • the composition was used after igniting the flammable material. It was observed that the product very rapidly extinguished the fire, the flames did not reglow, reignite or burn again.
  • the third application was performed on thin pine branches with high pine resin content in the same body of vegetation.
  • the flammable material was ignited, then extinguished with water. It was observed that water initially extinguished the fire but reignited the flammable material in 1 - 2 minutes. The same result was achieved even after repeating the process 5 times (The same amounts, methods, amounts and equipment were used in the application).
  • the foam product used by forestry officials to keep the surface wet and humid were applied to half of the flammable material by way of thick sprinkler hoses.
  • the flammable material was ignited.
  • foam it was observed and recorded that flames advanced and fully burned the material.
  • Aluminium boron sulfate was mixed with water at an amount of 5 %. Longleaf pine was soaked. After waiting for 24 hours, straw and dry bush was placed under the tree for ignition. But ignition did not take place. A torch was moved closer to thin branches, but they did not burn. These tests were recorded and documented on official documents.
  • one metal bowl was filled with water, while another was filled Aluminium boron sulfate. Both bowls were heated to the same degree. While water evaporated, Aluminium boron sulfate formed a layer. Direct fire was applied to the local section of the layer. The local section started glowing. After removing the heat (above 400 ⁇ C), hand contact was establish ed. No heat was found on the surface (25 ⁇ C with a thermometer).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une composition de poudre sèche et une solution liquide contenant du sulfate d'aluminium et du tétraborate de disodium pour former du sulfate de bore d'aluminium pour refroidir rapidement un feu et des flammes dans tous les feux de classe A, les feux de forêt et les feux de métaux légers de classe D au moyen d'un revêtement de film de surface résistant au feu efficace à des plages de températures élevées (400 à 1600 °C).
PCT/TR2020/051170 2020-07-17 2020-11-25 Composition pour éteindre des feux de forêt et de métal Ceased WO2022015263A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TR2020/11403A TR202011403A1 (tr) 2020-07-17 2020-07-17 ORMAN ve METAL YANGINLARI SÖNDÜRME KOMPOZİSYONU
TR2020/11403 2020-07-17

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022015263A1 true WO2022015263A1 (fr) 2022-01-20

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4184969A (en) * 1978-08-04 1980-01-22 Bhat Industries, Inc. Fire- and flame-retardant composition
EP2173836A1 (fr) * 2007-06-20 2010-04-14 Budenheim Iberica, S.L. Sociedad en Comandita Composition ignifuge
US20160030789A1 (en) * 2014-06-06 2016-02-04 GeITech Solutions, Inc. Colorized fire extinguishing compositions

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4184969A (en) * 1978-08-04 1980-01-22 Bhat Industries, Inc. Fire- and flame-retardant composition
EP2173836A1 (fr) * 2007-06-20 2010-04-14 Budenheim Iberica, S.L. Sociedad en Comandita Composition ignifuge
US20160030789A1 (en) * 2014-06-06 2016-02-04 GeITech Solutions, Inc. Colorized fire extinguishing compositions

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