WO2022013129A1 - VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINES ARTIKELS ZUR VERWENDUNG IN DER GIEßEREIINDUSTRIE, ENTSPRECHENDE FORM, KERN, SPEISERELEMENT ODER FORMSTOFFMISCHUNG SOWIE VORRICHTUNGEN UND VERWENDUNGEN - Google Patents
VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINES ARTIKELS ZUR VERWENDUNG IN DER GIEßEREIINDUSTRIE, ENTSPRECHENDE FORM, KERN, SPEISERELEMENT ODER FORMSTOFFMISCHUNG SOWIE VORRICHTUNGEN UND VERWENDUNGEN Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022013129A1 WO2022013129A1 PCT/EP2021/069276 EP2021069276W WO2022013129A1 WO 2022013129 A1 WO2022013129 A1 WO 2022013129A1 EP 2021069276 W EP2021069276 W EP 2021069276W WO 2022013129 A1 WO2022013129 A1 WO 2022013129A1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/18—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents
- B22C1/181—Cements, oxides or clays
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/18—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents
- B22C1/186—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents contaming ammonium or metal silicates, silica sols
- B22C1/188—Alkali metal silicates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/02—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives
- B22C1/10—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives for influencing the hardening tendency of the mould material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/18—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C11/00—Moulding machines characterised by the relative arrangement of the parts of same
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/12—Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/06—Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers ; Inhibiting the action of active ingredients
- C04B40/0641—Mechanical separation of ingredients, e.g. accelerator in breakable microcapsules
- C04B40/065—Two or more component mortars
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00939—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for the fabrication of moulds or cores
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an article for use in the foundry industry selected from the group consisting of moulds, cores, feeder elements and molding material mixtures. Further details of the method according to the invention result from the appended patent claims and from the following description.
- the present invention also relates to corresponding moulds, cores, feeder elements and molding material mixtures.
- the present invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method according to the invention and a corresponding use of a device according to the invention for carrying out a method according to the invention.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a liquid component comprising aluminations dissolved in the aqueous phase as the second liquid component of a curable binder system to increase the moisture resistance of a molded article containing a basic molding material bound by the cured binder system.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a liquid component comprising aluminations dissolved in the aqueous phase for the production of an article according to a method according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to the use of a component comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide, a first liquid component and a second liquid component for producing a binder.
- Lost-mould casting is a common process for producing near-net-shape components. After casting, the mold is destroyed and the casting is removed. Lost molds are casting molds and therefore negatives, they contain the cavity to be poured, which results in the casting to be manufactured. The inner contours of the future casting are formed by cores. During the manufacture of the casting mold, the cavity is formed in the mold material using a model of the casting to be produced. Reference is made to the applicable statements in sections [0001] to [0005] of document DE 102017 107531 A1.
- Document DE 10 2012 020 509 A1 discloses a mold material mixture for producing casting molds and cores for metal processing, comprising at least: a refractory mold base material; an inorganic binder and particulate amorphous S1O2 can be produced by thermal decomposition of ZrSi0 4 to ZrÜ2 and S1O2.
- the mold material mixture contains an inorganic binder, e.g. B. on the basis of water glass may include.
- Document DE 102013 111 626 A1 discloses a mold material mixture for producing molds or cores comprising at least: a refractory mold base material, water glass as a binder, particulate amorphous silicon dioxide and one or more powdered oxidic boron compounds. The document also discloses that the addition of boron compounds to the mold material mixture improves the moisture stability of the cores produced with them.
- Document DE 10 2013 106 276 A1 discloses a mold material mixture for producing casting molds and cores for metal processing, comprising at least: a refractory mold base material; and particulate amorphous SiO2 and water glass as organic binder with a molar ratio [SiO 2 ]/[M 2 O] of 1.9 to 2.60, preferably 1.95 to 2.40 and particularly preferably 2 to 2.30.
- Lithium compounds wherein the molar ratio [Li 2 0] / [M 2 0] or [Li 2 0a k tiv] / [M 2 0] in the molding mixture of 0.030 to 0.17, preferably 0.035 to 0.16 and especially preferably from 0.040 to 0.14.
- the document also discloses that the addition of lithium compounds to the molding material mixture improves the moisture stability of the moldings produced therewith.
- Document EP 1 802 409 B1 discloses a mold material mixture for the production of casting molds for metal processing, comprising at least: a refractory mold base material, a binder based on water glass, characterized in that a proportion of a particulate synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide is added to the mold material mixture; Section [0078] states that the addition of silane has a positive effect on the strength, especially with regard to the resistance to high atmospheric humidity.
- Document EP 2 209 572 B1 discloses a mold material mixture for the production of casting molds for metal processing, comprising at least: a refractory mold base material, a binder based on water glass, a proportion of a particulate metal oxide, which is selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide and zinc oxide, with a proportion of at least one surfactant being added to the mold material mixture.
- a simultaneous increase in hot strength and core weight can be observed through the addition of both amorphous silicon dioxide and surface-active substances, with cold strengths and moisture stability also being advantageous.
- Document EP 2 104 580 B1 discloses a mold material mixture for the production of casting molds for metal processing, comprising at least: a refractory base mold material; a water glass based binder; a proportion of a particulate metal oxide selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, titania and zinc oxide; wherein a carbohydrate is added to the mold material mixture.
- Section [0112] of document EP 2 104 580 B1 discloses that the addition of carbohydrate compounds, in particular dextrin compounds, surprisingly leads to an improvement in hot strength; in addition, an improved shelf life of the cores produced is indicated. Molding material mixtures based on water glass are therefore already known from the prior art. It is also known that, starting from certain basic formulations, the addition of additives, in particular compounds containing lithium or boron, can improve the moisture resistance (moisture stability) of the moldings produced therewith.
- lithium compounds and boron compounds in particular have been used in the production of shaped bodies with increased moisture stability.
- lithium compounds In many cases, however, the use of lithium compounds is seen as problematic in the foundry industry due to the high costs involved and the limited availability. In many cases, the use of lithium compounds in molding material mixtures also leads to a deterioration in the cast surfaces of metal parts that are obtained when casting moldings (compared to an otherwise identical molding material mixture or an otherwise identical molding without lithium compounds); this manifests itself in particular in penetrations or sand adhesions.
- boron-containing compounds in mold material mixtures is also increasingly viewed as disadvantageous in the foundry industry, since boron compounds (eg borax) are classified as toxic to reproduction. There is therefore a particular need in the foundry industry for molding material mixtures from which moldings (casting moulds, cores or feeder elements) can be produced which have good moisture resistance and whose components contain no or at most extremely small amounts of lithium- or boron-containing compounds.
- boron compounds eg borax
- molding material mixtures from which moldings (casting moulds, cores or feeder elements) can be produced which have an even more advantageous moisture resistance than the molding material mixtures made from the known lithium compounds or boron compounds containing molding material mixtures (casting moulds, cores or feeder elements).
- the present invention relates to: a method for manufacturing an article for use in the foundry industry, selected from the group consisting of moulds, cores, feeder elements and molding material mixtures,
- Moulds, cores, feeder elements or molding material mixtures for use in foundries a device in a foundry for the production of an article selected from the group consisting of moulds, cores, feeder elements and molding material mixtures, the use of a device for carrying out a method according to the invention, the use of a liquid component comprising dissolved alumina as the liquid component of a hardenable binder system to increase the moisture resistance of a molded body, the use of a liquid component comprising dissolved alumina to produce an article for use in the foundry industry, selected from the group consisting of moulds, cores, feeder elements and Molding mixtures, and the use of a component comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide, a first liquid component and a second liquid component for the production of a binder.
- Particular embodiments, aspects or properties that are described in connection with one of these categories or are designated as preferred also apply correspondingly or analogously to the other categories, and vice versa.
- the above-mentioned tasks and problems are solved by a method for producing an article for use in the foundry industry, selected from the group consisting of moulds, cores, feeder elements and molding material mixtures, with the following steps:
- (S1) producing or providing a binder system which comprises three spatially separate containers as components: - a component (A) comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide, a first liquid component (B) comprising water glass, and a second liquid component (C), comprising aluminations dissolved in the aqueous phase, (S2) contacting a basic molding material (D) and ingredients of all of the aforesaid
- Components (A), (B) and (C) of the binder system in predetermined proportions in one or more steps, resulting in a mold material mixture in which the alumina and the particulate amorphous silicon dioxide are completely or partially mixed into the water glass, wherein steps (S1) and (S2) are carried out in a plant for the production of molding material mixtures.
- the method according to the invention comprises steps (S1) and (S2) defined above, and optionally further steps, and leads to an article for use in the foundry industry, selected from the group consisting of moulds, cores, feeder elements and molding material mixtures. It goes without saying that in particular for the production of an article selected from the group consisting of moulds, cores and feeder elements, further specific steps are preferably carried out in addition to the steps (S1) and (S2) defined above. Corresponding configurations of the method according to the invention with preferred additional steps are described further below.
- a first preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is therefore a method for producing an article for use in the foundry industry, selected from the group consisting of molding material mixtures, with the following steps:
- a binder system which comprises three spatially separate containers as components: a component (A) comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide, a first liquid component (B) comprising water glass, and a second liquid component (C) comprising aluminations dissolved in the aqueous phase,
- a method of making an article for use in the foundry industry is selected from the group consisting of molding mixtures of steps (S1) and (S2).
- Document DE 10 2012 020 509 A1 discloses that water glasses can also contain polyvalent ions, such as e.g. B. boron or aluminum; in this context, reference is made to document EP 2 305603 A1.
- Document DE 10 2013 106 276 A1 discloses in section [0052] that binders based on water glass can also contain polyvalent ions, such as e.g. B. boron or aluminum; in this context, reference is made to document EP 2 305 603 A1.
- Document EP 2 305 603 A1 discloses a process for the production of clear, aqueous solutions of silicates (water glasses) that can be stored at 20° C. for at least six months.
- Document EP 3 225 327 A1 discloses a powder composition comprising sodium silicate.
- Document DE 197 38 373 C2 discloses a molding compound. It refers to document EP 0 763 506 A1, from which a molding composition is known which consists of expanded glass granules to which a water glass aluminum hydroxide suspension is added as a binder.
- Document EP 2921 243 A1 describes a binder containing water glass with a proportion of a particulate metal oxide from a list comprising aluminum oxide.
- DE 10 2012 020 510 A1 relates to a mold material mixture for the production of casting molds and cores for metal processing, comprising at least one refractory base mold material; an inorganic binder and particulate amorphous S1O2 can be produced by oxidation of metallic silicon using an oxygen-containing gas.
- the inorganic binder can at least one water-soluble phosphate glass, a water-soluble borate and/or water glass, and in particular a water glass with a molar modulus S1O2/M2O of 1.6 to 4.0, preferably 2.0 to less than 3.5, with M equal to lithium or sodium and/or potassium.
- water glass binders those based on water-soluble phosphate glasses and/or borates can also be used, as they are described, for. B. in US 5,641, 015 described.
- the preferred phosphate glasses have a solubility in water of at least 200 g/L, preferably at least 800 g/L and contain between 30 and 80 mol% P2O5, between 20 and 70 mol% L12O, Na2 ⁇ D or K2O, between 0 and 30 mol% of CaO, MgO or ZnO, and from 0 to 15 mol% AI2O3, Fe 2 03 or B2O3.
- the particularly preferred composition is 58-72% by weight P2O5, 28 to 42 wt .-% Na 2 0 and 0 to 16 wt .-% CaO.
- the phosphate anions are preferably present as chains in the phosphate glasses.
- DE 10 2012 020 510 A1 does not disclose that when water-soluble phosphate glass and water glass are used at the same time, the water-soluble phosphate glass contains aluminate ions.
- aluminations as part of the binder system in the method according to the invention leads to an improvement in the moisture stability of moulds, cores and feeder elements. Also surprisingly, when these molds and cores are cast, in particular when these molds and cores are cast with molten aluminum or molten aluminum-containing alloys, a particularly high-quality cast surface of the components or aluminum components obtained results.
- a binder system used in the process according to the invention consists of at least the three components (A), (B) and (C) mentioned; in step (S1) of the process according to the invention, these three components (A), (B) and (C) of the binder system are present in containers which are spatially separate from one another.
- pillate or “particulate” mean a solid powder (including dust) or granules; preferably a pourable and thus sieveable powder or granules.
- Both synthetically produced and naturally occurring types can be used as particulate amorphous silicon dioxide.
- the latter are e.g. B. from DE 10 2007 045 649 known, but they are not preferred because they often contain not inconsiderable crystalline fractions and are therefore classified as carcinogenic.
- the particulate amorphous silica comprises particles (particles) in the form of dust.
- the particulate amorphous silicon dioxide preferably comprises particles with a median particle size distribution of less than 20 ⁇ m, more preferably particles with a median particle size distribution of 0.1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, most preferably particles with a median particle size distribution in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1.5 ⁇ m, determined in each case by means of laser scattering as described in Example 1 below with reference to Example 2.
- amorphous silica is the target product of a chemical reaction process designed to engineer the synthesis of amorphous silica or is a by-product of a chemical reaction process designed to engineer the synthesis of a target product other than amorphous silica .
- liquid component includes in particular substances or mixtures of substances that are free-flowing at 20° C. and 1013.25 mbar and comprise a liquid phase; in addition to liquids, including liquid solutions (solutes in a liquid solvent), the term also includes suspensions of particulate substances in a liquid continuous phase.
- water glass is present as a dissolved component of a liquid component; it can be produced, for example, by dissolving vitreous sodium and potassium silicates in an autoclave, or from lithium silicates in a hydrothermal process.
- Water glass contains (arithmetically) proportions of silicon dioxide and alkali metal oxide, the ratio of which is referred to as the water glass modulus.
- water glass can be used which contains one, two or more of the alkali metal ions mentioned and/or one or also one or more multivalent cations such as, for example, aluminum ions. In many cases it is preferred if the water glass is essentially free of lithium ions.
- a mold material mixture within the meaning of the present invention comprises a basic mold material as one of several components.
- the basic molding material is preferably a refractory basic molding material.
- refractory in the present text refers to masses, materials and minerals that can withstand the temperature stress during casting or during the solidification of molten iron, mostly cast iron, at least for a short time.
- Natural and artificial basic molding materials for example quartz, zirconium or chrome ore sand, olivine, vermiculite, bauxite or fireclay, are suitable as basic molding material.
- the "contacting" of a mold base (D) and ingredients of all of said components (A), (B) and (C) of the binder system begins as soon as the mold base (D) is brought into contact with the first of the other components and ends, if a mold material mixture with the components or ingredients mentioned is present.
- the method according to the invention is suitable for the production of shaped bodies customary for metal casting, ie for example for the production of cores, feeder elements and molds (casting molds).
- the mold material mixture resulting in step (S2) is an intermediate product from which molds and/or cores and/or feeder elements are produced as end products. Molded bodies can also be produced particularly advantageously that have very thin-walled sections.
- the molds, cores and feeder elements that can be produced as end products (from the mold material mixtures resulting in step (S2)) in the process according to the invention have particularly good moisture resistance.
- lithium compounds and/or boron compounds are also contained in the mold material mixture resulting in step (S2).
- the positive effect of lithium compounds in molding material mixtures on the moisture resistance of molds, cores or feeder elements made from them, as described in DE 10 2013 106 276, or the positive effect of boron compounds on the moisture resistance of molded bodies, as in DE 102013 111 626, are reinforced in such cases in the method according to the invention.
- a method according to the invention with the advantages mentioned above is carried out wherever the person skilled in the art would use the water glass-based binder systems known from the prior art. Suitable areas of use relate to applications for aluminum casting as well as for iron, steel or brass casting.
- the molding material mixtures resulting as an intermediate product in the process according to the invention are also used for the production of water glass-bonded feeders.
- the process according to the invention gives molds and cores which, for many applications, have a particularly positive combination of properties of comparatively high moisture resistance (moisture stability) and comparatively high relative molding weight (mass based on the volume of a given body; cores are referred to as core weight).
- moisture stability moisture resistance
- relative molding weight masses based on the volume of a given body
- core weight relative molding weight
- a combination of moisture resistance, core weight and flexural strength that is particularly preferred in the field of the foundry industry is achieved in the molds and cores that can be produced as end products in the process according to the invention (from the mold material mixtures resulting in step (S2)).
- the invention relates in particular and preferably to a method (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred) wherein in step (S2) the contacting of basic molding material (D) and ingredients of all of said components (A), (B) and (C) of the Binder system is carried out in predetermined proportions in one or more steps such that a quantity of the first liquid component (B) present as part of the binder system in step (S1) and/or a quantity of the second liquid component present as part of the binder system in step (S1).
- step (C) and/or after separating, preferably filtering, the first liquid component (B) present as part of the binder system in step (S1) selected ingredients of the first liquid component (B) and/or after separating, preferably filtering, the in step (S1 ) present second liquid component (C) as part of the binder system lte ingredients of the first liquid component (C) when contacting in step (S2) is or are used.
- a quantity of a component ((A), (B), or (C)) is understood in the context of the present text as a quantifiable (e.g. in terms of mass or volume) quantity of the respective component (in its respective container) in which the molar ratios of all chemical ingredients to each other correspond to the molar ratios of these ingredients to each other in the overall component.
- a quantity of one component or liquid component is typically used if no separation process is carried out between the production or provision of the binder system in step (S1) and the contacting of the component or liquid component with a basic mold material in step (S2), i.e. in particular no filtration either .
- a quantity of the first liquid component (B) present as part of the binder system in step (S1) or a quantity of the second liquid component (C) present as part of the binder system in step (S1) is or are used, means that in step (S2) ingredients of the first liquid component (B) or the second liquid component (C ) are used, but specifically quantities of the first liquid component (B) or quantities of the second liquid component (C) in each case as they are in step (S1) in a separate (spatially separate from the other containers) container as part of the binder system or result.
- Both components are preferably used in step (S2) in the form in which they are present or result in step (S1) as part of the binder system; In this way, the process in the foundry can be carried out in a particularly efficient, resource-saving and particularly environmentally friendly manner.
- the separation process is preferably filtration, in which case the filtrate is then particularly preferably used in the contacting in step (S2); depending on the requirements of the individual case, however, the person skilled in the art also considers other separation methods to be preferred.
- step (S2) an amount of the first liquid component (B) present in step (S1) as part of the binder system or an amount of the second liquid component (C) present in step (S1) as part of the binder system and from the respective other component only selected ingredients (but not the full component as in step (S1) present as part of the binder system).
- step (S2) means that predefined masses or volumes or amounts of substance are used for the individual components or ingredients (eg according to a recipe).
- step (S2) the basic molding material is brought into contact with said components of the binder system in one or more steps means in particular that the basic molding material (D) is either simultaneously or not simultaneously with ingredients or amounts of components (A), (B) and ( C) is contacted, the ingredients or amounts of components (A),
- (B) and (C) are contacted separately or not separately in a sequence dependent on the needs of the individual case, e.g. individually, together or together premixed with the basic molding material (D).
- component (A) in many cases, preferably in connection with a layered structure of moldings, it is preferred if the basic molding material is first contacted with component (A) and only then, and at the same time or successively, with ingredients or quantities of the liquid components (B) and (C).
- the basic molding material is first contacted with component (A); Amounts of liquid components (B) and (C) are mixed the resulting mixture is filtered; the mixture of ingredients of the liquid components (B) and resulting as filtrate
- component (C) is brought into contact with the basic molding material that has already been contacted with component (A).
- the basic molding material is first contacted with component (A); Quantities of the liquid components (B) and (C) are each filtered separately from one another, so that the ingredients of the liquid components (B) and (C) each result as a filtrate; in a further step, the filtrates of the liquid components (B) and (C) are combined and, in a further step, the resulting mixture is contacted with the basic mold material that has already been contacted with component (A).
- the basic molding material is first contacted with component (A); Quantities of the liquid components (B) and (C) are each filtered separately from one another, so that the ingredients of the liquid components (B) and (C) result in the form of a filtrate; In a further step, the respective filtrates of the liquid components (B) and (C) are contacted separately from one another in terms of space and/or time with the basic molding material that has already been contacted with component (A).
- the basic molding material is first contacted with component (A) and liquid component (C) in any order; a quantity of the liquid component (B) is filtered so that ingredients of the liquid component (B) result as a filtrate; these ingredients from liquid component (B) are in contacted in a further step with the basic mold material already in contact with component (A) and liquid component (C).
- step (S2) Preference is given to a method according to the invention (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred) in which ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component (B) and second liquid component (C) present in step (S1) as part of the binder system are present in step (S2) first are mixed in a predetermined ratio to result in a mixture comprising water glass and aluminations in predetermined proportions, and then the mold base (D) is contacted with this mixture, preferably
- the mold base is contacted with the resulting mixture of amounts or ingredients of the first liquid component (B) and the second liquid component (C), preferably mixed before solid forms in the resulting mixture, or not mixed before the mold base (D) (i) completely simultaneously, (ii) partially simultaneously or (iii) in any order one after the other with ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component (B) and the second liquid component (C) is contacted.
- Amounts of the first liquid component (B) and second liquid component (C) present as part of the binder system in step (S1) or of ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component (B) and second liquid component (C) used in step (S2) resulting mixture comprising water glass and aluminations is preferably not storable for at least 6 months at 20° C., particularly preferably not storable for at least 2 months at 20° C., and should therefore be used up in a hurry after its production.
- the fact that the mixtures are not storage stable at 20°C for the times indicated means that they do not remain clear to the end of the time indicated and that gelation or precipitation may occur before the end of the time indicated.
- step (S2) When used in the process according to the invention in the specified periods of time, the above-mentioned positive effects of the process according to the invention or the products of the process according to the invention are achieved without the low storage stability of the said mixture being problematic.
- the contacting in step (S2) is effected before instabilities or precipitation of unacceptable amounts of solids render the mixture unsuitable for use in the process of the invention.
- Methods are known to those skilled in the art for detecting the formation of solids in a solution; For example, it examines the light scattering in the mixture or detects the turbidity of the mixture. If solids precipitate to a large extent, this can also be seen with the naked eye, for example from the (changed) turbidity or from the formation of a sediment; in the event of gel formation, a significant change in viscosity can also be observed or measured. Corresponding measurement methods are known to the person skilled in the art.
- ingredients or amounts of the liquid components (B) and (C) are not mixed together before they are contacted with the mold base material (D); in these cases it is therefore impossible for ingredients or quantities of the liquid components (B) and (C) to be mixed with one another first and only then for the resulting mixture to be brought into contact with the basic molding material (D).
- “Completely simultaneous” means that the periods of contacting for (B) and (C) are identical, that is, they have the same beginning and end. “Partially concurrent” means that the periods of contacting for (B) and (C) overlap.
- dosing devices e.g. one each for liquid component (B) and (C)
- the first metering device may be opened first and the second opened thereafter but before the first is closed (i.e. partially contacted simultaneously).
- one dosing device can be opened and closed first and only then the second (i.e. sequentially contacted in any order).
- Carrying out the method in the manner described here leads in particular to high moisture resistance of the molds, cores and feeder elements that can be produced in the method according to the invention and to a particularly advantageous surface quality of the molds and cores when casting these molds and cores (especially when casting with aluminum or when Casting with aluminium-containing alloys) obtained metal pieces.
- a method according to the invention (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), wherein in step (S2) ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component (B) with an individually predetermined dosing rate and / or ingredients or amounts of the second liquid component (C) with individually predetermined dosing rate
- ingredients or amounts of another component of the binder system are added to ingredients or amounts of another component of the binder system, preferably automatically and/or by means of one or more dosing devices.
- Dosing with an individually predetermined dosing rate enables a particularly resource-saving process. In many cases, it is preferred that the dosing at an individually determined dosing rate only takes place automatically for selected ingredients or quantities that are added. In some cases, however, it is preferred that the dosing takes place automatically at an individually determined dosing rate for all of the ingredients or quantities added.
- the automated dosing preferably takes place at an individually predetermined dosing rate by means of one or more dosing devices.
- the system for producing molding material mixtures comprises: one or more metering devices for metering ingredients or quantities of the first liquid component (B) and/or ingredients or quantities of the second liquid component (C) and/or ingredients or quantities of component (A) comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide and/or the basic molding material (D) and a control device or regulating device for the one metering device or the several metering devices, preferably a microprocessor-based control device or regulating device .
- the system for producing mold material mixtures comprises at least four dosing devices; one each for ingredients or quantities of the first Liquid component (B) and for ingredients or amounts of the second liquid component (C) and for ingredients or amounts of component (A) and for the basic mold material (D).
- the system for producing molding mixtures includes a common dosing device for ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component (B) and ingredients or amounts of the second liquid component (C).
- the system for producing mold material mixtures comprises two dosing devices, one common dosing device each for (i) ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component (B) and ingredients or amounts of the second liquid component (C) and for (ii) Ingredients or amounts of component (A) and the molding base material (D).
- this dosing device or these dosing devices are preferably controlled or regulated by a control device or regulating device; particularly preferably, this dosing device or these dosing devices are controlled or regulated by a microprocessor-supported control device or regulating device; It is very particularly preferred if a common control device or regulating device controls the dosing by means of individually predetermined dosing rates for ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component (B) and for ingredients or amounts of the second liquid component (C) and for ingredients or amounts of component (A ) and the basic molding material (D) controls or regulates.
- alkali metal oxide preferably 10 to 17% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 16% by weight
- Aluminations calculated as Al 2 O3, in an amount of up to 4.0% by weight, preferably 0.4 to 4.0% by weight, particularly preferably 0.45 to 3.5% by weight, very particularly preferably 0.75 to 3.0% by weight, preferably 1 to 2.5% by weight, particularly preferably 1.25 to 2% by weight, the percentages by weight being based on the total mass of the contacting in step (S2) ingredients used or amounts of the first liquid component (B) and the ingredients used or amounts of the second liquid component (C).
- ICP-OES inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
- Moisture resistance of moulds, cores and food elements which is particularly preferred in the field of the foundry industry, is regularly achieved in the preferred concentration ranges;
- a combination of moisture resistance, core weight and flexural strength that is particularly preferred in the field of the foundry industry is achieved in the molds and cores that can be produced as end products (from the mold material mixtures resulting in step (S2)) in the process according to the invention.
- the binder system has particularly advantageous properties with regard to its processing in the foundry industry.
- the ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component (B) used and the ingredients or amounts of the second liquid component (C) used are each at the ambient temperature prevailing in the foundry at the beginning of the contacting or mixing.
- a method according to the invention as described above, preferably as described above as preferred, wherein in the total mass of the ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component (B) used in step (S2) and ingredients or amounts of second liquid component (C) the mass ratio of Al2O3 to S1O2 (determined analogously to the procedure for determining the water glass modulus) is greater than 1:70, preferably greater than 1:69, particularly preferably greater than 1:64.
- step (S2) ingredients or amounts of component (A), comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide, with the basic mold material and with ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component ( B) and ingredients or amounts of the second liquid component (C) are contacted, wherein the component (A) used as part of the binder system in step (S1)
- (i) is particulate, preferably a powder or granules, or
- step (ii) is a suspension of particulate amorphous silicon dioxide and/or the ingredients or amounts of component (A) used in step (S2), comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide, (i) in the form of a powder or granules, preferably in the form of a powder, or (ii) used as a suspension and/or (preferably "and") the particulate amorphous silica of component (A) is used as an ingredient in step (S2) and is preferably selected from the group consisting of: particulate synthetic amorphous silica, which silicon dioxide contains at least 80% by weight, based on the total mass of the particulate synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide, and at least carbon as a secondary component, preferably producible by reduction of quartz in an electric arc furnace; particulate synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide, which comprises oxidic zirconium as a secondary component and can preferably be produced by thermal decomposition of ZrSi0 4 ; particulate synthetic amorphous si
- Mixtures thereof and/or component (A), comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide additionally comprises one, two, three or more other ingredients which are used in step (S2) and are independently selected from the group consisting of: particulate materials , preferably particulate inorganic materials, preferably selected from the group consisting of oxides of aluminum, preferably aluminum oxide in the alpha phase, bauxite, oxides of zirconium, preferably zirconium (IV) oxide, aluminum / silicon mixed oxides, zinc oxide, barium sulfate, phosphorus-containing Compounds, preferably tricalcium phosphate, phyllosilicates, graphite, carbon black, glass spheres, magnesium oxides, borosilicates, hollow ceramic spheres, boron oxide compounds, preferably boron oxide compounds in powder form, and mixtures thereof, water-soluble materials,
- particulate materials preferably particulate inorganic materials, preferably selected from the group consisting of oxides of aluminum, preferably aluminum oxide in the al
- Hydrophobing agents preferably organosilicon compounds, silanes, silicones and siloxanes, waxes, paraffins, metal soaps, and
- ingredients or amounts of component (A), comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide, used in step (S2) are preferably used (i) in the form of a powder or granules, preferably in the form of a powder, or (ii) as a suspension.
- neither one of the components of the binder system nor the molding material mixture contain particulate amorphous silicon dioxide that is produced from ZrSiO4 by thermal decomposition of ZrSiO 4 to ZrO 2 .
- the proportion of silicon dioxide in component (A) comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide is at least 25% by weight, preferably at least 30% by weight, particularly preferably at least 40% by weight, very particularly preferably at least 50% by weight, based in each case on the total mass of component (A) comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide .
- natural and/or synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide contains up to 50% by weight of secondary components, i.e. crystalline silicon dioxide and/or substances that are not silicon dioxide.
- the term “particulate amorphous silicon dioxide” therefore always also includes secondary components that are present in the particulate amorphous silicon dioxide.
- a combination of preferably high moisture stability and preferably high molding weight in the case of cores: core weight, which is advantageous in many cases, can be achieved.
- step (S2) Preference is given to a method according to the invention (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), wherein the first liquid component (B) and/or second liquid component (C) present as part of the binder system in step (S1) is removed from the respective container without further processing is used out in step (S2).
- first liquid component (B) and/or second liquid component (C) present as part of the binder system in step (S1) is or are used in step (S2) without further processing from the respective container means that no separation processes, in particular no filtration either, between the removal of quantities of the respective liquid component from the container and their use in step (S2).
- step (S2) it is desirable that between the removal of the liquid components (B) and (C) from the respective container no further processing of any of the liquid components (B) and (C) before use in step ( S2) takes place; amounts (and not just specific ingredients) of the components are thus used in step (S2).
- first liquid component (B) and / or the second liquid component (C) additionally comprises one, two or more other ingredients that in step (S2) are also used and are independently selected from the group consisting of: surface-active substances, in particular surfactants, defoamers and wetting agents,
- alkali metal phosphates oxidic boron compounds, preferably selected from the group consisting of borates, boric acids and boric anhydrides.
- the first liquid component (B) preferably also contains one or more surface-active substances, preferably from the group of surfactants, defoamers and wetting agents.
- the first liquid component (B) particularly preferably also contains one or more surfactants.
- the second liquid component (C) preferably also contains one or more surface-active substances, preferably from the group consisting of surfactants, defoamers and wetting agents.
- the second liquid component (C) particularly preferably contains one or more surfactants in addition to water and aluminations dissolved therein.
- the first liquid component (B) and/or the second Liquid component (C) additionally comprises one or more of the boron compounds mentioned. It is preferred if one or more of the boron compounds mentioned is or are present either in the first liquid component (B) or in the second liquid component (C) and the respective other component is essentially free of boron compounds.
- the second liquid component (C) comprises dissolved alkali metal aluminates which are used in step (S2).
- alkali metal aluminates in the process according to the invention because of their good availability.
- a method according to the invention (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred) is preferred, in which the first liquid component (B), preferably the ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component (B) used in step (S2), calculates a content of alumina as Al 2 O3, which is not greater than 0.4% by weight, preferably 0.1% by weight and/or a content of lithium ions, calculated as L1O2, which is not greater than 0.1% by weight, preferably not greater than 0.01% by weight and/or a content of boron ions, calculated as B2O3, which is not greater than 0.1% by weight, preferably not greater than 0.01% by weight, based in each case on the total mass of the first liquid component (B) and/or wherein the second liquid component (C), preferably the in Step (S2) used ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component (C), - in the aqueous phase has a content of aluminations, calculated as Al2O3, in the range of 0.4 wt .-% to 35 wt .
- the total mass of the ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component (B) used in contacting in step (S2) and ingredients or amounts of the second liquid component (C) comprises a content of aluminations, calculated as Al2O3, which is in the range of 0, 4 to 4.0% by weight, preferably 0.45 to 3.5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.75 to 3.0% by weight, very particularly preferably 1 to 2.5% by weight, preferably 1.25 to 2% by weight, a resulting mixture of the liquid components (B) and (C) is not storage-stable at 20° C. for at least 6 months; however, this is unproblematic because the contacting in step (S2) is effected before instabilities or the precipitation of unacceptable amounts of solids render the mixture unsuitable for use in the process according to the invention.
- a process according to the invention preferably does not contain an aqueous solution of silicates which can be stored at 20° C. for at least 6 months, particularly preferably no aqueous solution which can be stored at 20° C. for at least 2 months before.
- the first liquid component (B) preferably the ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component (B) used in step (S2), comprises an alumina content, calculated as Al2O3, which is not greater than 0.4% by weight, preferably 0.1% by weight and a content of lithium ions, calculated as L1O2, which is not greater than 0.1% by weight, preferably not greater than 0.01% by weight % and a content of boron ions, calculated as B2O3, which is not greater than 0.1% by weight, preferably not greater than 0.01% by weight, based in each case on the total mass of the first liquid component ( b).
- the second liquid component (C), preferably the ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component (C) used in step (S2), in the aqueous phase has an alumina content, calculated as Al2O3, in the range from 0, 4% by weight to 35% by weight, preferably in the range from 1% by weight to 30% by weight, more preferably in the range of 2.5% to 25% by weight, most preferably 5% to 23% by weight, and a lithium ion content, calculated as L1O2, which is not greater than 0.1% by weight, preferably not greater than 0.01% by weight and a content of boron ions, calculated as B2O3, which is not greater than 0.1% by weight, preferably not greater than 0.01% by weight, based in each case on the total mass of the second liquid component (C).
- alumina content calculated as Al2O3
- a method according to the invention is particularly preferred, in which the total mass of the ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component (B) used in contacting in step (S2) and ingredients or amounts of the second liquid component (C) includes a content of aluminations, calculated as Al2O3, which is in the range from 0.4 to 4.0% by weight, preferably 0.45 to 3.5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.75 to 3.0% by weight, very particularly preferably 1 to 2 5% by weight, preferably 1.25 to 2% by weight and a content of lithium ions, calculated as L1O2, which is not greater than 0.1% by weight, preferably not greater than 0.01% by weight % and - a content of boron ions, calculated as B2O3, which does not exceed 0.1% by weight
- % preferably not greater than 0.01% by weight, the percentages by weight being based on the total mass of the ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component (B) used when contacting in step (S2) and the ingredients or amounts of the second liquid component (B) used C).
- step (S2) used ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component (B), and the second liquid component (C), in particular in step (S2) used ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component (C), essentially free are of lithium and boron containing compounds; Even without these connections, an advantageously high moisture resistance of the molds, cores and feeder elements that can be produced in the method according to the invention can be achieved with the method according to the invention.
- the second liquid component (C) comprises a content of lithium ions, calculated as L1O2, which is not greater than 0.1% by weight, preferably not greater than 0.01% by weight and/or a content of boron ions, calculated as B2O3, which is not greater than 0.1% by weight, preferably not greater than 0.01% by weight, in each case based on the total mass of the second liquid component (C) and/or wherein the component (A), comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide, comprises an alumina content which is not greater than 0.1% by weight, preferably not greater than 0 0.01% by weight, particularly preferably a content of alkali metal aluminates which is not greater than 0.1% by weight, very particularly preferably not greater than 0.01% by weight, based on the total mass the component
- step (A) and/or wherein the molar ratio [Li 2 0]/[M 2 0] in the molding material mixture resulting in step (S2) is less than 0.030, preferably less than 0.025, particularly preferably less than 0.010, wherein [ M2O] is the mole quantity of alkali metal M, calculated as M2O, where finally only the following compounds are included in the calculation: amorphous alkali silicates, alkali metal oxides and alkali metal hydroxides, including their hydrates, where Li is included as part of M without an efficiency factor and where [L12O ] is the amount of moles of Li, calculated as L12O, whereby only the following compounds are finally included in the calculation: amorphous lithium silicates, lithium oxides and lithium hydroxide, including their hydrates.
- the term "effectiveness factor" has the meaning described in document DE 102013 106276 A1 in sections [0037] to [0038].
- a method according to the invention (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred) is particularly preferred, wherein the second liquid component (C) has a content of lithium ions, calculated as L1O2, which is not greater than 0.1% by weight, preferably no greater than 0.01% by weight and a content of boron ions, calculated as B2O3, which is not greater than 0.1% by weight, preferably not greater than 0.01% by weight, based in each case on the total mass of the second liquid component (C) and wherein component (A), comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide, comprises an aluminate content which is not greater than 0.1% by weight, preferably not greater than 0.01% by weight, particularly preferably comprises an alkali metal aluminate content , which is not greater than 0.1 wt .-%, most preferably not greater than 0.01 wt .-%,
- step (S2) for the production of the article respective total masses of the basic mold material (D) and in each case the ingredients or amounts of component (A), comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide , the first liquid component (B) and the second liquid component (C) are used, wherein: - 0.1 to 3.0 parts by weight of component (A) comprising particulate amorphous silica are used, preferably 0.3 to 2.0 Parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total mass of the refractory basic molding material used (D) and/or (preferably "and") Ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component (B) and ingredients or amounts of the second liquid component (C) in the range of a total of 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, preferably in the range of a total of 0.5 to 7 parts by weight,
- the basic mold material (D) consists at least partly of recycled basic mold material, preferably at least 50% by weight of recycled basic mold material, particularly preferably at least 70% by weight, very particularly preferably at least 85% by weight.
- the method according to the invention can be carried out in a particularly environmentally friendly and resource-saving manner while achieving the effects and advantages described above.
- the molds, cores and feeder elements resulting as end products in the method according to the invention are produced by layered construction, preferably by layered construction using 3D printing.
- Corresponding methods are known in the prior art from DE 10 2014 118 577 A1 and DE 10 2011 105 688 A1, for example.
- a second preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is therefore a method for producing an article for use in the foundry industry, selected from the group consisting of molds, cores, feeder elements, with the following steps:
- a binder system which comprises three spatially separate containers as components: a component (A) comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide, a first liquid component (B) comprising water glass, and a second liquid component (C) comprising aluminations dissolved in the aqueous phase,
- a method of making an article for use in the foundry industry selected from the group consisting of moulds, cores, feeder elements consists of steps (S1), (S2), (S3) and (S4).
- step (S2) Preference is given to a method according to the invention (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred) for the layered construction of molds and/or cores and/or feeder elements, preferably for the layered construction of molds and/or cores and/or feeder elements by means of 3D printing , wherein in step (S2) at least the following steps are carried out in one or more steps when contacting a basic molding material (D) and ingredients of all of said components (A), (B) and (C) of the binder system:
- step (S2) Preference is given to a method according to the invention (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred) for the layered construction of molds and/or cores and/or feeder elements, preferably for the layered construction of molds and/or cores and/or feeder elements by means of 3D printing , wherein in step (S2) at least the following steps are carried out in one or more steps when contacting a basic molding material (D) and ingredients of all of said components (A), (B) and (C) of the binder system:
- step (S2-2-2) mixing together the filtrates of the first liquid component (B) and the second liquid component (C) resulting in step (S-2-2-1) so that a mixture of filtrates of the first liquid component (B) and the second liquid component (C) results;
- step (S2) Preference is given to a method according to the invention (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred) for the layered construction of molds and/or cores and/or feeder elements, preferably for the layered construction of molds and/or cores and/or feeder elements by means of 3D printing , wherein in step (S2) at least the following steps are carried out in one or more steps when contacting a basic molding material (D) and ingredients of all of said components (A), (B) and (C) of the binder system:
- step (S2) Preference is given to a method according to the invention (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred) for the layered construction of molds and/or cores and/or feeder elements, preferably for the layered construction of molds and/or cores and/or feeder elements by means of 3D printing , wherein in step (S2) at least the following steps are carried out in one or more steps when contacting a basic molding material (D) and ingredients of all of said components (A), (B) and (C) of the binder system:
- step (S2-4-2) contacting the filtrate of the first liquid component (B) resulting in step (S2-4-1) with molding base (D), wherein molding base (D) with the second liquid component (C) and with component (A) of the binder system is pre-contacted.
- step (S4) the curing takes place at least in sections at a temperature in the range from 100° C. to 300° C., particularly preferably in the range from 140° C. to 250° C., very particularly preferred at a temperature in the range of 160 °C to 200 °C, preferably at a temperature of 170 to 190 °C and/or the molding material mixture brought into shape is heated in a heated mold and/or the molding material mixture brought into shape by contact with hot air is heated and/or the mold material mixture brought into shape is heated by the action of microwaves and/or the mold material mixture brought into shape is heated by passing current through it and/or the hardening of the shaped mold material mixture takes place using carbon dioxide and/or the hardening of the shaped mold material mixture takes place using esters.
- the heating of the shaped mold material mixture for thermal curing of the binder system can take place, for example, in a mold that has temperatures in the range from 100° C. to 300° C., particularly preferably temperatures in the range from 140° C. to 250° C., very particularly preferably in the range from 160°C to 200°C, preferably temperatures in the range from 170 to 190°C.
- the thermal curing of the binder system in the shaped molding material mixture preferably takes place completely or at least partially in a conventional mold for the industrial production of shaped bodies.
- the thermal curing of the binder system in the shaped mold material mixture can take place in suitable systems and/or using suitable equipment (such as lines, pumps, etc.), in which the thermal curing is supported by targeted gassing of the shaped mold material mixture with temperature-controlled air.
- suitable equipment such as lines, pumps, etc.
- the air is preferably heated to 100.degree. C. to 250.degree. C., particularly preferably to 110.degree. C. to 180.degree.
- the period of time for the thermal hardening i.e. also the period for the heating and for the targeted gassing of the shaped mold material mixture with temperature-controlled air, can be varied according to the needs of the individual case and depend, for example, on the size and geometric nature of the shaped mold material mixture.
- the flow rate and/or volume flow of the temperature-controlled air when gassing the shaped mold material mixture in a targeted manner is preferably adjusted in such a way that the shaped mold material mixture hardens sufficiently for further processing or use within an acceptable, preferably very short, period of time for industrial use.
- a period of less than 5 minutes is preferred within the scope of the present invention, particularly preferably less than 2 minutes. In the case of very large molds or cores or feeder elements, however, longer periods of time may also be required, depending on the requirements of the individual case.
- the shaped mold material mixture can already be largely cured in the mold.
- the method according to the invention does not require that the binder system be cured completely within the thermal curing step.
- "Thermal curing” in the sense of the method according to the invention as described above thus also includes the incomplete curing of the binder.
- the person skilled in the art knows, for example, the phenomenon of post-curing of the (for example thermally cured) binder system in a foundry mold or a foundry core or a feeder element.
- the molded mold material mixture can then be cured further by removing more water (for example in an oven or by evaporating the water under reduced pressure or in a microwave oven).
- the thermal hardening can also be effected or supported by the action of microwaves or by the action of electromagnetic radiation, in particular infrared radiation, on the shaped mold material mixture.
- Thermal curing can also be effected or assisted by passing an electrical current through the molded molding mixture; Details are disclosed, for example, in DE 102017 217098 B3 and the literature cited therein.
- Hardening can also be effected or supported with the use of carbon dioxide, as for example in Chapter 1.5.3 of the technical book Bührig-Polaczek, Michaeli and Spur: Handbuch Urformen (2013), Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, ISBN: 978- 3-446-42035-9.
- Curing can also be effected or supported with the use of esters, as for example in GB 1029057 or in chapter 1.5.3 of the technical book Bührig-Polaczek, Michaeli and Spur: Handbuch Urformen (2013), Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG , ISBN: 978-3-446-42035-9.
- the invention particularly and preferably relates to a method (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred) wherein the liquid components (B) and (C) are contacted in the absence of mold base (D) and component (A), the aqueous Solution is not heated and then cooled.
- the solution formed is preferably not warmed up or heated before it is brought into contact with basic molding material (D) in step (S2) by supplying energy from the outside.
- the solution formed is preferably not cooled before it is brought into contact with basic molding material (D) in step (S2) in the process according to the invention.
- the invention particularly and preferably relates to a process (as described above, preferably as indicated as preferred above) wherein the liquid components (B) and (C) are contacted in the absence of mold base (D) and component (A) to form an unstable masterbatch.
- Unstable here means that the premix is not storage-stable at 20° C. for at least 6 months, preferably not at 20° C. for at least 2 months.
- the second liquid component (C) is first brought into contact with the mold base material (D) and only then is the first liquid component (B) added to the mixture of mold base material and component (C); In many cases, however, another order of contacting or simultaneous addition of the first liquid component (B) and the second liquid component (C) to the basic molding material (D) is also preferred. Preference is given to a process according to the invention (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), in which the liquid components (B) and (C) are brought into contact with one another over a period of no more than 15 minutes, preferably over a period of no more than 5 minutes.
- Contacting begins at the point in time when a molecule of the first liquid component (B) contacts the liquid component (C) or vice versa; it ends when both components are fully inserted.
- the temperature is preferably in this range during the entire contacting process.
- Preferred is a method (as described above, preferably as indicated as preferred above) wherein no step of the method comprises filtration outside a printhead; preferably no step of the process includes filtration.
- the invention also relates to moulds, cores, feeder elements and molding material mixtures for use in foundries, produced or producible according to a method as described above, preferably as described above as being preferred.
- all or some of the aspects of the method according to the invention defined above are particularly suitable individually or in combination with one another for producing a mold according to the invention, a core according to the invention, a feeder element according to the invention or a molding material mixture according to the invention for use in the foundry.
- a core according to the invention a feeder element according to the invention or a molding material mixture according to the invention for use in the foundry.
- the person skilled in the art identifies the preferred aspects of the method according to the invention in each individual case and uses a correspondingly designed method.
- the advantages and effects described above in connection with the method according to the invention are realized with molds according to the invention, cores according to the invention, feeder elements according to the invention and molding material mixtures according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to a device in a foundry for the production of an article selected from the group consisting of moulds, cores, feeder elements and molding material mixtures, at least comprising:
- a (first) dosing device for dosing predetermined amounts of the first liquid component (B) and the second liquid component (C) into a container for the purpose of contacting with at least one basic mold material (D) and particulate amorphous silicon dioxide.
- the first dosing device in the device according to the invention is preferably designed in such a way that the dosing of predetermined amounts of the first liquid component (B) (from its storage container) and the second liquid component (C) (from its storage container) into a container for the purpose of contacting at least one Mold base material (D) and particulate amorphous silicon dioxide takes place together.
- the dosing device of the device according to the invention is preferably designed in such a way that the dosing takes place automatically; the automated dosing preferably takes place by means of a control device or regulating device for the (first) dosing device.
- the automated dosing is particularly preferably carried out by means of a microprocessor-supported control device or the regulating device for the (first) dosing device.
- the (first) dosing device of the device according to the invention is preferably designed in such a way that when a method according to the invention is carried out outside the container for the purpose of contacting with at least one basic molding material (D) and particulate amorphous silicon dioxide, no quantities, preferably none unacceptable in the field of the invention, are produced Form amounts of solids from ingredients or amounts of the first liquid component (B) and / or the second liquid component (C).
- a device according to the invention (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred) for the layered construction of molds and/or cores and/or feeder elements is preferred.
- the method according to the invention can be carried out in a particularly time-saving and/or resource-saving manner.
- a device according to the invention (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred) is preferred, additionally at least comprising:
- a (second) dosing device for dosing predetermined amounts of ingredients or amounts of component (A), comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide of the basic molding material (D) for the purpose of contacting at least water glass and alumina.
- This (second) dosing device of the device according to the invention is preferably designed in such a way that the dosing of specified amounts of component (A), comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide (from its storage container) and the basic molding material (D) (from its storage container) into a container for Purposes of contacting at least water glass and aluminations, done together.
- component (A) comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide (from its storage container) and the basic molding material (D) (from its storage container) into a container for Purposes of contacting at least water glass and aluminations, done together.
- the (second) dosing device of the device according to the invention is preferably designed in such a way that dosing takes place automatically; preferably the automated dosing takes place by means of a control device or regulating device for the (second) dosing device, particularly preferably the automated dosing takes place by means of a microprocessor-supported control device or regulating device for the (second) dosing device.
- a device according to the invention for the layered construction of molds and / or cores and / or Produce feeder elements, molds and/or cores and/or feeder elements according to the invention, in particular molds and/or cores and/or feeder elements according to the invention with complex mold and/or core and/or feeder element geometries, in a method according to the invention; in devices according to the invention, this is achieved in a particularly time-saving, resource-saving manner and, in addition, in many cases in a particularly environmentally friendly manner.
- a device comprising: a control device or regulating device, preferably a microprocessor-based control device or regulating device, for automated dosing, by means of at least one dosing device, of ingredients or quantities of the first liquid component ( B) and the second liquid component (C) in a predetermined mixing ratio, resulting in a mixture comprising at least water glass and alumina; and/or a control device or regulating device, preferably a microprocessor-based control device or regulating device, for the automated dosing, by means of at least one dosing device, of ingredients or quantities of the first liquid component (B) and the second liquid component (C), preferably for the automated dosing of ingredients or quantities component (A), comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide, the first liquid component (B) and the second liquid component (C), particularly preferred for the automated dosing of basic mold material (D) and ingredients or amounts of component (A), comprising particulate amorph
- the method according to the invention can preferably be carried out in a particularly time-saving and resource-saving manner by means of the device according to the invention, in particular a device according to the invention for the layered construction of molds and/or cores and/or feeder elements; It is particularly preferred if the control device or regulating device, preferably the microprocessor-based control device or regulating device, also controls and/or regulates this layered structure for automated dosing by means of at least one dosing device when molds and/or cores and/or feeder elements are built up in layers.
- the control device or regulating device preferably the microprocessor-based control device or regulating device, also controls and/or regulates this layered structure for automated dosing by means of at least one dosing device when molds and/or cores and/or feeder elements are built up in layers.
- the invention also relates to the use of a device according to the invention (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred) for carrying out a method (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred).
- a method according to the invention is particularly preferably carried out using a device according to the invention; the effects and advantages described above are realized particularly well in this case.
- the invention also relates to the use of a liquid component comprising aluminations, preferably dissolved alkali metal aluminates, dissolved in the aqueous phase as the second liquid component (C) of a curable binder system comprising: a component (A) comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide and a first liquid component (B) comprising water glass, for Increasing the moisture resistance of a molding containing a basic molding material (D) bound by the cured binder system.
- a liquid component comprising aluminations, preferably dissolved alkali metal aluminates, dissolved in the aqueous phase
- a curable binder system comprising: a component (A) comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide and a first liquid component (B) comprising water glass, for Increasing the moisture resistance of a molding containing a basic molding material (D) bound by the cured binder system.
- the use according to the invention leads to a surprisingly high moisture resistance of the respective shaped bodies, in each case compared to a shaped body with an otherwise identical composition and method of manufacture but without the use of the second liquid component (C).
- the effect known from the prior art, according to which lithium- and/or boron-containing compounds increase the moisture resistance, can also be achieved by the inventive use of a liquid component comprising aluminations dissolved in the aqueous phase, preferably dissolved alkali metal aluminates, as the second liquid component (C). improve further as described above binder system.
- the invention also relates to the use of a liquid component (C) comprising aluminations, preferably dissolved alkali metal aluminates, dissolved in the aqueous phase for the production of an article according to a method according to the invention as described above, preferably as described above as preferred, ie for the production of a form according to the invention, a form according to the invention Core, a feeder element according to the invention or a molding material mixture according to the invention.
- C liquid component
- aluminations preferably dissolved alkali metal aluminates
- liquid component (C) comprising aluminations, preferably dissolved alkali metal aluminates, dissolved in the aqueous phase is used according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to the use of a component (A), comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide, a first liquid component (B) and a second liquid component (C), as described above, preferably as described above as preferred, for the production of a binder, wherein the first liquid component (B) and the second liquid component (C) are mixed in a mass ratio in the range from 86:1 to 1:1, preferably in the range from 20:1 to 2:1, particularly preferably in the range from 10:1 to 3:1
- a component (A) comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide, a first liquid component (B) and a second liquid component (C), as described above, preferably as described above as preferred, for the production of a binder, wherein the first liquid component (B) and the second liquid component (C) are mixed in a mass ratio in the range from 86:1 to 1:1, preferably in the range from 20:1 to 2:1, particularly preferably in the range from 10:1 to 3:1
- Example 1 Determination of the particle size distribution by means of laser scattering
- particle size distributions of silica fume particles (CAS number: 6901 2-64-2) commercially available (from RWsilicon GmbH) and present in powder form from the Si production "RW filler sieved” and from the ZrC>2 production were shown "RW-Füller Q1 Plus” determined experimentally using laser scattering.
- the measurements were carried out with a Horiba LA-960 measuring device (hereinafter LA-960).
- LA-960 Horiba LA-960 measuring device
- the circulation speed was set to 6, the stirring speed to 8, the data acquisition of the sample to 30000, the convergence factor to 15, the type of distribution on volume and the refractive index (R) to 1.50-0.01 i (1.33 for dispersing medium VE water) and the refractive index (B) set to 1.50-0.01 i (1.33 for dispersing medium deionized water).
- the laser scattering measurements were performed at room temperature (20°C to 25°C).
- the measuring chamber of the LA-960 was three quarters filled with deionized water (highest filling level). Then the stirrer was started with the specified setting, the circulation switched on and the water deaerated. A baseline measurement was then carried out using the specified parameters. Immediately after the ultrasonic treatment, a 0.5-3.0 mL sample was taken from the sample prepared according to point 1.1 of the present Example 1 using a disposable pipette. Then the complete contents of the pipette were put into the measuring chamber so that the transmission of the red laser was between 80% and 90% and the transmission of the blue laser was between 70% and 90%. Then the measurement was started. The measurements were evaluated automatically on the basis of the specified parameters.
- the optimal duration of ultrasonic sonication was determined by performing a series of measurements with different sonication times for each species of particulate silica.
- the sonication time starting at 10 seconds, was extended by 10 seconds for each additional sample and the particle size distribution was determined by laser scattering (LA-960) immediately after the end of the sonication, as described under point 1.2 of the present example 1.
- LA-960 laser scattering
- the sonication time was selected at which the lowest median value of the particle size distribution was determined for the respective particle species in these measurement series; this sonication time is the "optimal" sonication time.
- This example describes the production of an alkali aluminate solution as an example.
- concentrations used are merely exemplary and other concentrations can also be used; for the corresponding properties, see the above description.
- potassium aluminate solution with a molar ratio of potassium oxide to aluminum oxide of 2.5:1:1 (hereinafter also referred to as “potassium aluminate solution 1:2.5" or “potassium aluminate solution 1:2.5"), according to the table 1 a specified recipe 2019311 (In each case the same recipe numbers mean the same compositions in the present text) and heated to a temperature of 93 ⁇ 2° C. with stirring.
- Apyral NH20 (Nabaltec AG, aluminum hydroxide, w>99.7%, CAS no.: 21645-51-2)
- Aluminum hydroxide powder (Apyral NH20, according to recipe 2019311 table 1a) was then added with further stirring. The resulting mixture was heated to a temperature of 95°C ⁇ 2°C and maintained at this temperature until the solution appeared clear. The solution was then cooled at room temperature.
- MV 4 _ 2 > 2.5 4 : MV means molar ratio (MV) between M2O (with M Na or K) and AI2O3 in the
- Aluminum hydroxide powder (Apyral NH20, according to recipe 2019315 table 1a) was then added with further stirring. The resulting mixture was heated to a temperature of Heated to 95°C ⁇ 2°C and held at this temperature until the solution appeared clear. The solution was then cooled at room temperature.
- LiOH monohydrate used in example 14 has a proportion of 35.6% by weight U2O.
- the following equation is used as a basis:
- composition of a potassium aluminate solution according to recipe 2019311 results in a proportion of 30.24% by weight K2O and 56.68% by weight H2O. 4.6% by weight B2O3
- mold material mixtures The production of mold material mixtures is described using an example recipe.
- the composition of the mold material mixtures is only an example, and the selection of the materials used is only an example.
- liquid components (B) (first liquid component, comprising water glass) and (C) prepared or provided for the formulations given in the present text of the examples (here only as an example the formulation according to Table 2a) (second liquid component, comprising aluminations dissolved in the aqueous phase) so contacted with the manufactured or provided component (A) (component comprising amorphous silicon dioxide) and the basic mold material (component (D)) that (at least) when contacting the predetermined proportions according to Table 2b present.
- the precise relative ratios of the liquid components (B) and (C) to one another result from the formulations listed.
- Table 2a example recipe for liquid components of the molding mixture
- GT hereinafter
- particulate amorphous silica species “RW-Filler Q1 Plus” having a median of particle size distribution, rounded to the second decimal place, as determined by laser scattering, of 0.84 microns dry blended together in a weight ratio of 1:1 ( as an example of a component (A) comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide).
- component (A) comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide.
- a water glass binder was provided in a separate container (as an example of a first liquid component (B) comprising water glass) with a composition according to liquid component (B) from Table 2a. Note: In further examples, this procedure is applied to other compositions, which are then indicated in each case.
- a sodium aluminate solution ((prepared according to Example 3.2 above; as an example of a second liquid component (C), comprising aluminations dissolved in the aqueous phase) with a molar ratio of sodium oxide to aluminum oxide of 2.5: 1. Note: In further examples, this procedure is applied to other compositions, which are then indicated in each case.
- Mixing was then carried out for 120 seconds in a Bull mixer (type RN10/20, Morek Multiserw) at 220 rpm. This resulted in a mold material mixture, as an example of an article for use in the foundry industry.
- the mold material mixture was suitable for the production of moulds, cores and feeder elements and was used accordingly in our own further investigations.
- test bars This example describes the production of test bars as an example for molds (mouldings) or cores for the foundry industry; the dimensions of the test bars and the selection of the materials used are only examples.
- Molding mixtures produced according to Example 5 were molded into test bars measuring 22.4 mm ⁇ 22.4 mm ⁇ 185 mm. (Note: Molding material mixtures produced from other compositions according to the procedure from Example 5.1 were also processed into test bars in the manner described here).
- the mold material mixtures were introduced into a mold for test bars at a temperature of 180° C. using compressed air (4 bar) and a shot time of 3 seconds.
- the test bars were then hot-cured for 30 seconds at 180 °C and additionally gassed with heated compressed air at a gassing pressure of 2 bar and a gassing and gassing hose temperature of 180°C for the duration of the curing. After that, the formwork tool is opened and the hardened test bars are removed.
- test bars produced were placed horizontally on a frame to cool in the room air in such a way that they only rested on the frame in the area of the two ends of their longest extent and the test bars between the contact surfaces had a contact-free area of approx. 16 cm spanned.
- test bars produced according to Example 6 were weighed on a laboratory balance (Type Entris 3202-1S, Sartorius).
- the information on the core weight contained in the following examples corresponds to an average of nine individual measurements (note: the core weight was also determined in the manner described here for test bars produced from other mold material mixtures according to the procedure from Example 6.1).
- test bars produced according to Example 6 were placed in a Georg Fischer strength tester, equipped with a 3-point bending device (Morek Multiserw ) inserted. The force that caused the test bars to break was measured 15 seconds after opening the mold.
- the respective indication of hot strength (in N/cm 2 ) corresponds to an average of three individual measurements and is rounded to 10 N/cm 2 (Note: Test bars made from other mold material mixtures according to the procedure from Example 6.1 were also tested in the manner described here determines the hot strength).
- Test bars were produced according to Example 6. After a cooling time of 1 hour (in the ambient air and on the frame described in Example 6 above) after removal from the mold, the test bars were placed in a Georg Fischer strength tester equipped with a 3-point bending device (Morek Multiserw) is inserted and the force that caused the test bars to break was measured.
- the hourly strength (in N/cm 2 ) indicated in each case corresponds to an average value from three individual measurements and is rounded to 10 N/cm 2 (note: test bars made from other mold material mixtures according to the procedure from Example 6.1 were also based on the one described here way the hourly strength is determined).
- Test bars were placed on their respective racks under controlled conditions of 1 hour after a cooling period of 1 hour (in room air and on the rack described in Example 6 above). 35 °C and 75 % rel. Humidity stored in a climate cabinet (VC 0034, Vötsch company). For the evaluation, the test bars were monitored with a camera (type HomeVista, company SECACAM). A photo of the test bars was taken at intervals of 10 minutes until they broke; the point in time of the last photo in which the test bar is not completely broken indicates the measured point in time for the humidity stability.
- the specified moisture stabilities correspond in each case to an average value from three individual measurements (note: the moisture stability was also determined in the manner described here for test bars produced from other mold material mixtures according to the procedure from Example 6.1).
- Test bars produced according to Example 6 were placed in an outer mold made of sand in such a way that three of the four longitudinal sides of the core came into contact with the molten metal during the casting process.
- the casting molds prepared in this way were cast with an aluminum alloy (EN AC-42100) at a casting temperature of approx. 750 °C. After the melt had cooled, the castings were unpacked from the sand mold, the test bars were removed by high-frequency hammer blows on the feeder area of the casting with a compressed air slag hammer (type P 2535 Pro, Atlas Copco) and the casting surface that was in contact with the test bar was blown off with a compressed air gun Two corresponding casts were made in separate molds for each test bar composition.
- test bars used here were produced according to Example 6, with the only difference that the test bars produced and used for the hot distortion tests had the dimensions 25 mm ⁇ 6 mm ⁇ 120 mm and were placed on two bearings so that the air was free can circulate around the test bar.
- the one-sided heating during the hot distortion test causes the specimen to bend upwards towards the cold side as a result of the thermal expansion of the hot side. This movement of the specimen is referred to as the "maximum extension" in the curve.
- the binder begins to transform into the thermoplastic state. Due to the thermoplastic properties of the various binder systems, the load from the load arm pushes the specimen back down. This downward movement along the ordinate in the zero line until fracture is referred to as "hot deformation".
- time to rupture The time elapsed between the beginning of the maximum expansion on the curve and the rupture is referred to as "time to rupture" and represents an important parameter.
- the maximum thermoplastic deformation is limited to 6 mm (deformation -6mm) in the tests carried out due to the equipment . This point is therefore equated with a breakage occurrence.
- MVZ means (here and in the following) molar ratio of S1O2 to Na 2 0 in the solution.
- test bars were produced from these molding material mixtures.
- the formulations for the mold material mixtures were selected in such a way that, even with increasing aluminum content, the molar modulus (MVZ), the S1O2 and the Na 2 0 content remained the same in the amounts of liquid components (B) and (C) used in each case .
- MVZ molar modulus
- S1O2 the S1O2 and the Na 2 0 content remained the same in the amounts of liquid components (B) and (C) used in each case .
- sufficient test bars were prepared to determine core weight (according to Example 7), hot strength (according to Example 8), hourly strength (according to Example 9) and moisture stability (according to Example 10); the results of these determinations are given in Table 4.
- thermoplastic state for the comparative molding material mixture 2019326 without aluminations starts after 9 s, for a composition with 0.2 mol% after 10 s and for a composition with 0.4 mol% even after 22 s.
- the total measurement time up to fracture also increases with an increasing amount of aluminization in the binder.
- the comparison molding mixture breaks after a total time of 31 s, while for a composition with 0.2 mol % the break occurs after a total time of 35 s and for a composition with 0.4 mol % break only after a total time of 40 s occurs.
- Example 14 Influence of aluminum, lithium and boron ions on humidity stability
- test bars were produced from these molding material mixtures.
- Moisture stability [min] 563 1263 783 1087 2000 2340 The results show the influence of aluminizations in the binder on the moisture stability (and on other properties) of the moldings produced with this binder in comparison to the lithium compounds and boron compounds previously used in binders to increase moisture stability.
- a binder with otherwise the same molar composition was tested as a reference (not according to the invention), but without one of the three moisture stability promoters (recipe 2019326).
- results show that the positive influence of the aluminization on the moisture stability is greater than in the comparative examples with lithium compounds and boron compounds.
- results also show that the use of aluminizations in addition to boron compounds or lithium compounds results in an additional increase in moisture stability compared to the sole use of boron compounds or lithium compounds.
- Example 15 Comparison of Potassium Aluminate Solution with Sodium Aluminate Solution in the Binder
- molding material mixtures were produced with a composition of the liquid components (B) and (C) according to Table 7a; the (calculated) molar compositions present in a mixture of liquid components (B) and (C) (according to the formulations from Table 7a) are given in Table 7b.
- Recipes 2019387 and 2019551 are examples of the invention.
- the aluminates were introduced once in the form of a potassium aluminate solution (recipe 2019551) and once in the form of a sodium aluminate solution (recipe 2019387).
- test bars were produced from these molding material mixtures.
- test bars were produced for each of the formulations given in Table 7a in order to determine the core weight (according to example 7), hot strength (according to example 8), hourly strength (according to example 9) and moisture stability (according to example 10); the results of these determinations are given in Table 8.
- Example 16 Combined use of aluminations and various microsilica
- Species Molding material mixtures with a composition of the liquid components (B) and (C) according to Table 9a were produced according to the procedure of Example 5; the (calculated) molar compositions present in a mixture of liquid components (B) and (C) (according to the recipe from Table 9a) are given in Table 9b.
- Formulation 2019650 is an example of the invention.
- the 1:1 mixture of “RW filler screened” and “RW filler Q1 Plus” used in example 5 was used as 0.6 pbw of component (A) comprising particulate amorphous silicon dioxide .
- Formulations 2019650-1, 2019650-2 and 2019650-3 relate to examples according to the invention.
- a total of 4 combinations of a first liquid component (B) with a second liquid component (C) comprising sodium aluminate were produced.
- the compositions are given in Tables 11a and 11b.
- Liquid component water (B) 13.10 12.70
- a total of 4 combinations of a first liquid component (B) with a second liquid component (C) comprising potassium aluminate were produced.
- the compositions are given in Tables 11d and 11e.
- the respective (calculated) molar compositions are given in Table 11f.
- MVZ 1.80_ T80_ T80_ 1.80 The combination according to the formulations 2019327, 2019321, 2019328, 2019329, 2019684, 2019644, 2019647 and 201950 (as defined in Tables 11a, 11b, 11d and 11e) were each placed in a container and this was closed at room temperature (approx. 20 °C) stored.
- Example 18 Comparison Using a Particulate Aluminate Source
- the particulate amorphous silica species "RW-Filler Sieved” (having a median particle size distribution, rounded to the second decimal place as determined by laser scattering, of 0.23 microns) was first screened with a quantity of the particulate amorphous silicon dioxide species "RW-Füller Q1 Plus” (with a median of the particle size distribution rounded to the second decimal place determined by laser scattering of 0.84 micrometres) in a weight ratio of 1:1 dry together to form a premix (as an example for a component (A)) mixed.
- a premix as an example for a component (A)
- quartz sand H32 Quarzwerke GmbH, AFS grain size number 45
- 0.6 parts by weight of this premix were mixed by hand so that 100.6 parts by weight of a mixture of quartz sand (as an example of a basic molding material (D)) and particulate amorphous silica (component (A)) resulted.
- an alumination-free water glass binder (2019683) (cf. VB 18.1 in Table 13; this is a component (B)), (ii) a mixture of powdered AIOH3 (Apyral NH20) and a water glass binder (20200138) in a mixing ratio of 0.05:2.05 (cf. VB 18.2 in Table 13; mixing these ingredients results in a first liquid component (B) which comprises water glass into which AlOH3 is mixed) and
- VB means “comparative example”; B denotes an example of the present invention.
- the liquid components were added in such a way that they only came into direct contact with one another when the Bull mixer was switched on.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18/005,411 US12337376B2 (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2021-07-12 | Method for producing an article for use in the foundry industry, corresponding mold, core, feed element, or molding material mixture, and devices and uses |
| JP2023502980A JP2023534489A (ja) | 2020-07-17 | 2021-07-12 | 鋳造産業で使用するための物品、対応する鋳型、中子、フィード要素又はモールディング材料混合物を作成するための方法並びに装置及び使用 |
| EP21749111.7A EP4182107A1 (de) | 2020-07-17 | 2021-07-12 | VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINES ARTIKELS ZUR VERWENDUNG IN DER GIEßEREIINDUSTRIE, ENTSPRECHENDE FORM, KERN, SPEISERELEMENT ODER FORMSTOFFMISCHUNG SOWIE VORRICHTUNGEN UND VERWENDUNGEN |
| CN202180049843.9A CN115916429A (zh) | 2020-07-17 | 2021-07-12 | 生产用于铸造行业的制品的方法,相应的模具、型芯、进料器元件或模制材料混合物,以及装置和用途 |
| BR112023000258A BR112023000258A2 (pt) | 2020-07-17 | 2021-07-12 | Processo para produzir um artigo para uso na indústria de fundição, molde, núcleo, elemento de alimentação ou mistura de material de moldagem, aparelho em uma fundição para a produção de um artigo, uso de um aparelho em uma fundição para a produção de um artigo, uso de um componente líquido e uso de um componente |
| KR1020237005630A KR20230128259A (ko) | 2020-07-17 | 2021-07-12 | 주조 산업에서 사용하기 위한 물품을 생산하기 위한 방법, 상응하는 몰드, 코어, 공급 요소 또는 몰딩 재료 혼합물, 및 장치 및 용도 |
| MX2023000766A MX2023000766A (es) | 2020-07-17 | 2021-07-12 | Metodo para producir un articulo para usar en la industria de la fundicion, molde, macho, elemento de alimentacion, o mezcla de materiales de moldeo correspondientes, y dispositivos y usos. |
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| DE102020119013.1 | 2020-07-17 | ||
| DE102020119013.1A DE102020119013A1 (de) | 2020-07-17 | 2020-07-17 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Artikels zur Verwendung in der Gießereiindustrie, entsprechende Form, Kern, Speiserelement oder Formstoffmischung sowie Vorrichtungen und Verwendungen |
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| EP (1) | EP4182107A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2023534489A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20230128259A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN115916429A (de) |
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| WO2025233933A1 (en) * | 2024-05-08 | 2025-11-13 | Magnus Metal Ltd. | Ceramic compositions for additive manufacturing of metal objects |
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| GB1029057A (en) | 1963-06-24 | 1966-05-11 | Fullers Earth Union Ltd | Foundry sand compositions |
| DE2262254A1 (de) * | 1972-12-20 | 1974-06-27 | Michel Horst Werner | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum dosieren der bindemittelzugaben bei der herstellung von sandformen und -kernen fuer giessereizwecke |
| US4432798A (en) | 1980-12-16 | 1984-02-21 | The Duriron Company, Inc. | Aluminosilicate hydrogel bonded aggregate articles |
| EP0763506A1 (de) | 1995-09-18 | 1997-03-19 | DENNERT PORAVER GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leicht-Formkörpern und damit hergestellter Leicht-Formkörper, insbesondere Leicht-Dämmplatte |
| US5641015A (en) | 1992-12-23 | 1997-06-24 | Borden (Uk) Limited | Water dispersible molds |
| US5743953A (en) | 1996-12-11 | 1998-04-28 | Ashland Inc. | Heat curable alumino-silicate binder systems and their use |
| DE19738373C2 (de) | 1997-09-03 | 2001-06-07 | Hubert Hasenfratz | Formmasse |
| DE102007045649A1 (de) | 2007-09-25 | 2009-04-02 | Bernd Kuhs | Verwendung von natürlichen partikulären amorphen Kieselsäurematerialien im Gießereibereich und damit zusammenhängende Erfindungsgegenstände |
| EP2305603A1 (de) | 2009-10-05 | 2011-04-06 | Cognis IP Management GmbH | Aluminium-haltige Wasserglaslösungen |
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| DE102011105688A1 (de) | 2011-06-22 | 2012-12-27 | Hüttenes-Albertus Chemische Werke GmbH | Verfahren zum schichtweisen Aufbau von Modellen |
| DE102012020510A1 (de) | 2012-10-19 | 2014-04-24 | Ask Chemicals Gmbh | Formstoffmischungen auf der Basis anorganischer Bindemittel und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formen und Kerne für den Metallguss |
| DE102012020509A1 (de) | 2012-10-19 | 2014-06-12 | Ask Chemicals Gmbh | Formstoffmischungen auf der Basis anorganischer Bindemittel und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formen und Kerne für den Metallguss |
| DE102013106276A1 (de) | 2013-06-17 | 2014-12-18 | Ask Chemicals Gmbh | Lithiumhaltige Formstoffmischungen auf der Basis eines anorganischen Bindemittels zur Herstellung von Formen und Kernen für den Metallguss |
| DE102013111626A1 (de) | 2013-10-22 | 2015-04-23 | Ask Chemicals Gmbh | Formstoffmischungen enthaltend eine oxidische Bor-Verbindung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formen und Kernen |
| EP2921243A1 (de) | 2012-11-19 | 2015-09-23 | Sintokogio, Ltd. | Sand für eine gussform, herstellungsverfahren für die sandgussform und kern für metallguss |
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| EP2097192B1 (de) | 2006-10-19 | 2016-08-17 | ASK Chemicals GmbH | Phosphorhaltige formstoffmischung zur herstellung von giessformen für die metallverarbeitung |
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| EP3225327A1 (de) | 2016-04-01 | 2017-10-04 | Cavenaghi SPA | Anorganisches bindemittelsystem für giessereien |
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| EP2934788B9 (de) | 2012-12-22 | 2019-09-04 | ASK Chemicals GmbH | Formstoffmischungen enthaltend metalloxide des aluminiums und zirkoniums in partikulärer form |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018033219A1 (de) * | 2016-08-19 | 2018-02-22 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Poröser formkörper in gestalt einer dämmputzschicht oder einer dämmplatte |
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- 2021-07-12 CN CN202180049843.9A patent/CN115916429A/zh active Pending
- 2021-07-12 WO PCT/EP2021/069276 patent/WO2022013129A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-07-12 BR BR112023000258A patent/BR112023000258A2/pt unknown
- 2021-07-12 MX MX2023000766A patent/MX2023000766A/es unknown
- 2021-07-12 US US18/005,411 patent/US12337376B2/en active Active
- 2021-07-12 EP EP21749111.7A patent/EP4182107A1/de active Pending
- 2021-07-12 JP JP2023502980A patent/JP2023534489A/ja active Pending
- 2021-07-12 KR KR1020237005630A patent/KR20230128259A/ko active Pending
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| GB1029057A (en) | 1963-06-24 | 1966-05-11 | Fullers Earth Union Ltd | Foundry sand compositions |
| DE2262254A1 (de) * | 1972-12-20 | 1974-06-27 | Michel Horst Werner | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum dosieren der bindemittelzugaben bei der herstellung von sandformen und -kernen fuer giessereizwecke |
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| EP0763506A1 (de) | 1995-09-18 | 1997-03-19 | DENNERT PORAVER GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leicht-Formkörpern und damit hergestellter Leicht-Formkörper, insbesondere Leicht-Dämmplatte |
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| EP2104580B1 (de) | 2006-10-19 | 2016-08-03 | ASK Chemicals GmbH | Kohlenhydrathaltige formstoffmischung mit ein anteil eines teilchenförmigen metalloxids zum auf wasserglas basierendem bindemittel zugesetz |
| EP2097192B1 (de) | 2006-10-19 | 2016-08-17 | ASK Chemicals GmbH | Phosphorhaltige formstoffmischung zur herstellung von giessformen für die metallverarbeitung |
| DE102007045649A1 (de) | 2007-09-25 | 2009-04-02 | Bernd Kuhs | Verwendung von natürlichen partikulären amorphen Kieselsäurematerialien im Gießereibereich und damit zusammenhängende Erfindungsgegenstände |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR112023000258A2 (pt) | 2023-01-31 |
| JP2023534489A (ja) | 2023-08-09 |
| US20230271245A1 (en) | 2023-08-31 |
| MX2023000766A (es) | 2023-02-13 |
| KR20230128259A (ko) | 2023-09-04 |
| US12337376B2 (en) | 2025-06-24 |
| DE102020119013A1 (de) | 2022-01-20 |
| EP4182107A1 (de) | 2023-05-24 |
| CN115916429A (zh) | 2023-04-04 |
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