WO2022010225A1 - 음극 및 상기 음극을 포함하는 이차 전지 - Google Patents
음극 및 상기 음극을 포함하는 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022010225A1 WO2022010225A1 PCT/KR2021/008568 KR2021008568W WO2022010225A1 WO 2022010225 A1 WO2022010225 A1 WO 2022010225A1 KR 2021008568 W KR2021008568 W KR 2021008568W WO 2022010225 A1 WO2022010225 A1 WO 2022010225A1
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- active material
- artificial graphite
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- graphite particles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
- H01M4/0435—Rolling or calendering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an anode having excellent fast charging performance and lifespan characteristics and a secondary battery including the anode, wherein uncoated artificial graphite particles as a single particle and uncoated artificial graphite as secondary particles in which a plurality of primary particles are aggregated It relates to a negative electrode including a negative active material including particles at the same time, and a secondary battery including the negative electrode.
- a secondary battery is a representative example of an electrochemical device using such electrochemical energy, and its use area is gradually expanding.
- a reduction in charging time is required to improve convenience when using a secondary battery, and thus excellent fast charging performance is required.
- a secondary battery is composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material for intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions from the positive electrode.
- a graphite-based active material for example, natural graphite or artificial graphite
- natural graphite or artificial graphite is generally used.
- the conventionally used natural graphite is advantageous in that it is inexpensive and has excellent cost-effectiveness, but due to its irregular structure, there is a problem in that, when applied to a battery, an irreversible reaction due to penetration or decomposition reaction of electrolyte occurs greatly
- Artificial graphite is advantageous in that it has excellent initial charge/discharge efficiency, but has a problem in that battery capacity and energy density are lowered due to a lower discharge capacity than natural graphite.
- a negative electrode including a negative electrode material capable of realizing a secondary battery having high energy density and excellent fast charging performance and lifespan characteristics.
- One problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an anode having a high energy density and excellent fast charging performance and lifespan characteristics, and a secondary battery including the anode.
- the present invention includes a current collector and a negative active material layer formed on the current collector, the negative active material layer includes a negative electrode active material, and the negative active material includes first uncoated artificial graphite particles and a product 2 uncoated artificial graphite particles are included in a weight ratio of 4:6 to 6:4, wherein the first uncoated artificial graphite particles are single particles having an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 5 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m, and the second micro The coated artificial graphite particles have an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 20 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m, and a negative electrode is provided as secondary particles in which a plurality of primary particles are aggregated.
- a secondary battery including the negative electrode is provided.
- the negative electrode has an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of a single particle of 5 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m, the first uncoated artificial graphite particles, and an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 20 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m, and a plurality of primary particles Since it contains a negative active material containing second uncoated artificial graphite particles, which are aggregated secondary particles, in a specific weight ratio, single particles fill empty spaces of secondary particles, reducing voids, and soft single particles are secondary particles Because it acts as a buffer between the electrodes, physical damage and structural changes during electrode rolling are relatively small. energy density can be improved. In addition, the fast charging performance and lifespan characteristics of the battery can be improved.
- D 50 may be defined as a particle diameter corresponding to 50% of the cumulative volume in each particle size distribution curve (a graph curve of the particle size distribution).
- the D 50 may be measured using, for example, a laser diffraction method.
- the laser diffraction method can measure a particle diameter of several mm from a submicron region, and can obtain high reproducibility and high resolution results.
- a negative electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a current collector and a negative active material layer formed on the current collector, the negative active material layer includes a negative active material, and the negative active material includes first uncoated artificial graphite particles and the second uncoated artificial graphite particles in a weight ratio of 4:6 to 6:4, wherein the first uncoated artificial graphite particles are single particles having an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 5 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m, and the first 2
- the uncoated artificial graphite particles have an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 20 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m, and are secondary particles in which a plurality of primary particles are aggregated.
- 'primary particle' refers to a single particle, that is, a single particle
- 'secondary particle' refers to an aggregate in which the primary particles are agglomerated in plurality by an intentional assembly or bonding process. do.
- the negative electrode includes a current collector and an anode active material layer formed on the current collector.
- the current collector serves to support the anode active material layer.
- the current collector may have conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery, and is not particularly limited.
- the current collector copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, sintered carbon, or a surface treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc. on the surface of aluminum or stainless steel may be used.
- a transition metal that adsorbs carbon well, such as copper or nickel may be used as the current collector.
- the thickness of the current collector may be 6 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, but the thickness of the current collector is not limited thereto.
- the negative active material layer is formed on the current collector.
- the anode active material layer may be disposed on at least one surface of the current collector, and specifically may be disposed on one or both surfaces of the current collector.
- the anode active material layer includes an anode active material.
- the negative active material layer may further include a conductive material, a binder, and the like.
- the negative active material may include first uncoated artificial graphite particles and second uncoated artificial graphite particles.
- the negative active material may be composed of first uncoated artificial graphite particles and second uncoated artificial graphite particles. That is, the negative active material may be formed of only the first uncoated artificial graphite particles and the second uncoated artificial graphite particles.
- uncoated artificial graphite particles are uncoated artificial graphite particles, meaning that all of the artificial graphite is exposed to the surface.
- the anode active material includes only an uncoated active material, and thus cracks do not occur during rolling, ie, physical damage is small, so that the structure of the anode can be well maintained.
- the negative active material includes single particles and secondary particles having a specific size in a specific weight ratio, so that the negative electrode can be rolled well during the manufacturing of the negative electrode, thereby reducing the thickness of the negative electrode and consequently the thickness of the battery, as well as a battery having a high energy density can be implemented, and also can improve the fast charging performance and lifespan characteristics of the battery.
- the first uncoated artificial graphite particles may be single particles having an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 5 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m.
- D 50 average particle diameter of the single particle
- the particle size is large, and there is a problem of lowering the rolling performance on the contrary.
- the second uncoated artificial graphite particles may be secondary particles having an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 20 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the secondary particles may be specifically 21 ⁇ m to 24 ⁇ m, more specifically 22 ⁇ m to 23 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter of the secondary particles is within the above range, it is blended with single particles in an appropriate range to maximize electrode rolling performance.
- the second uncoated artificial graphite particles are agglomerated of a plurality of primary particles, and the primary particles constituting the secondary particles may have an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 7 ⁇ m to 9 ⁇ m.
- D 50 average particle diameter of the primary particles constituting the second uncoated artificial graphite particles
- the second non-coated synthetic according to the graphite particles, the secondary average particle diameter of a secondary particle having an average particle diameter of the primary particles forming the particles (D 50) and to a plurality of primary particles are agglomerated (D 50) ratio of energy 1:2 to 1.5 in terms of improving density and filling performance. Specifically, it may be 1:2 to 1:3.
- the first non-coated artificial average particle size of the graphite particles (D 50) and the second average particle size of the non-coated artificial graphite particles (D 50) ratio is from 1: 3 to 1: may be 5, particularly 1: 3 to 1:4.5, more specifically 1:3 to 1:4.
- the anode active material may be manufactured at a high density by filling the uncoated artificial graphite particles, and the rapid charging performance and/or lifespan characteristics of the battery may be improved.
- the line pressure When the negative active material is tandem pressed, the line pressure may be 8 Ton/cm or less, specifically 4 Ton/cm to 8 Ton/cm, and more specifically 4 Ton/cm to 6 Ton/cm.
- the linear pressure during tandem rolling is measured by a physical rolling method after coating an unrolled negative electrode and vacuum drying.
- the line pressure when the negative active material is tandem-rolled is within the above range, it may be advantageous in that it receives less physical force during rolling for electrode manufacturing and can implement a thin electrode thickness.
- the linear pressure during the tandem rolling may be measured in a roll press equipment equipped with a linear pressure sensing equipment.
- the tap density of the negative active material may be 1.00 g/cc to 1.20 g/cc, and specifically 1.14 g/cc to 1.18 g/cc.
- the tap density of the anode active material is within the above range, the tap density is sufficiently high, so that the electrode can be coated with a thin thickness when coating the electrode.
- the tap density is a mass per volume of powder made of particles, and refers to a density in which the voids between particles are filled by constant tapping or vibration. Factors affecting the tap density include particle size distribution, moisture content, particle shape, cohesiveness, and the like. Through the tap density, the fluidity and compressibility of the material can be predicted.
- the BET specific surface area of the negative active material may be 1.0m 2 /g to 2.5m 2 /g.
- BET specific surface area of the negative electrode active material may be specifically, 1.4m 2 / g to 2.0m 2 / g, more specifically, 1.5m 2 / g to 1.9m 2 / g.
- the BET specific surface area can be measured using a BEL Sorption device (BEL Japan), and when the BET specific surface area of the negative active material is within the above range, high temperature performance can be maintained at a high level.
- the negative active material may be included in the negative active material layer in an amount of 90 wt% to 99 wt%, specifically 92 wt% to 97 wt%. When the content of the negative active material is within the above range, the desired capacity of the battery may be achieved.
- the first uncoated artificial graphite particles may be manufactured by mixing coke and binder pitch, and then performing high-temperature heat treatment, that is, graphitization treatment.
- the coke may be needle-like coke and/or isotropic coke, and the coke and the binder pitch may be mixed in a weight ratio of 80:20 to 95:5.
- the second uncoated artificial graphite particles are mixed with coke and a binder pitch, then subjected to high-temperature heat treatment to prepare primary particles, and after mixing the primary particles with the binder pitch, high-temperature heat treatment, specifically 2,500° C. to 3,200 It can be prepared by heat treatment at a temperature of °C. According to the high-temperature heat treatment, since the binder pitch is graphitized, it is possible to manufacture the second uncoated artificial graphite particles in which the coating material such as amorphous carbon does not exist.
- the coke may be needle-like coke and/or isotropic coke
- the coke and the binder pitch may be mixed in a weight ratio of 80:20 to 95:5
- the primary particles and the binder pitch are 80:20 to 95: It can be mixed in a weight ratio of 5.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery.
- graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite
- carbon black such as acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, farness black, lamp black, and thermal black
- conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers
- conductive tubes such as carbon nanotubes
- metal powders such as fluorocarbon, aluminum, and nickel powder
- conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate
- conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide
- Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- the conductive material may preferably include at least one selected from carbon black and carbon nanotubes, and more preferably include carbon nanotubes.
- the conductive material may be included in the anode active material layer in an amount of 0.1 wt% to 1.0 wt%, specifically, in an amount of 0.3 wt% to 0.7 wt%.
- the content of the conductive material satisfies the above range, it may be advantageous in that sufficient electrical contact maintenance and capacity degradation can be prevented.
- the binder is polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinylidene fluoride (polyvinylidenefluoride), polyacrylonitrile (polyacrylonitrile), polymethylmethacrylate (polymethylmethacrylate), poly Vinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylic acid, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM), alcohol It may include at least one selected from the group consisting of ponified EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, polyacrylic acid, and a material in which hydrogen is substituted with Li, Na or Ca, etc., It may also include various copolymers thereof.
- PVDF-co-HFP polyvinyliden
- the binder may be included in the anode active material layer in an amount of 30 wt% or less, specifically 0.1 wt% to 30 wt%. When the content of the binder satisfies the above range, it is possible to maintain the desired capacity per volume of the negative electrode while exhibiting the adhesive effect according to the use of the binder.
- the negative electrode has a first uncoated artificial graphite particle having an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 5 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m, and an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 20 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m, a plurality of primary particles aggregated 2
- the pore resistance may be 9 Ohm or less, including the negative active material including the second uncoated artificial graphite particle, which is the primary particle, in a specific weight ratio.
- the negative electrode may preferably have a pore resistance of 6 Ohm to 9 Ohm. When the pore resistance of the negative electrode is within the above range, the pore resistance in the electrolyte may be minimized and the lithium ion diffusion path may be minimized.
- the pore resistance is determined by injecting an electrolyte containing lithium ions into a symmetric cell prepared by using the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery as a working electrode and a working electrode in the same way, and then electrochemical It may be defined as a resistance value obtained by performing an impedance analysis (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, EIS). Since the pore resistance is EIS-analyzed with a symmetric cell, only lithium ions derived from the electrolyte may exist, and accordingly, the lithium ion diffusion resistance in the negative electrode can be objectively measured.
- EIS Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
- the secondary battery according to another embodiment of the present invention may include a negative electrode, and the negative electrode is the same as the negative electrode of the above-described embodiment.
- the secondary battery includes the negative electrode; anode; a separator interposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode; and an electrolyte; and the negative electrode is the same as the negative electrode described above. Since the cathode has been described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer formed on the current collector, the positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material is lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO 2 ) a layered compound such as, or a compound substituted with one or more transition metals; lithium iron oxides such as LiFe 3 O 4 ; Lithium manganese oxide, such as Formula Li 1+c1 Mn 2-c1 O 4 (0 ⁇ c1 ⁇ 0.33), LiMnO 3 , LiMn 2 O 3 , LiMnO 2 ; lithium copper oxide (Li 2 CuO 2 ); vanadium oxides such as LiV 3 O 8 , V 2 O 5 , and Cu 2 V 2 O 7 ; Formula LiNi 1-c2 M c2 O 2 (where M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, B and Ga, and satisfies 0.01 ⁇
- the positive active material is preferably lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, and Li a Ni x1 Co y1 Mn z1 O 2 (0.9 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.1, 0.6 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 1.0, 0 ⁇ y1 ⁇ 0.4, 0 ⁇ z1 ⁇ 0.4) It may be at least one selected from among.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or carbon on the surface of aluminum or stainless steel. , nickel, titanium, silver, etc. may be used.
- the positive electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the current collector to increase adhesion of the positive electrode active material.
- it may be used in various forms, such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, a non-woven body.
- the positive electrode active material layer may include a positive electrode conductive material and a positive electrode binder together with the above-described positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode conductive material is used to impart conductivity to the electrode, and in the configured battery, it can be used without any particular limitation as long as it has electronic conductivity without causing chemical change.
- Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, and carbon fiber; metal powders or metal fibers, such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; conductive whiskeys such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; or conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, and the like, and one or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- the positive electrode binder serves to improve adhesion between the positive electrode active material particles and the adhesion between the positive electrode active material and the positive electrode current collector.
- specific examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, or various copolymers thereof, and any one of them or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDF-co-HFP vinylidene fluoride-
- the separator separates the anode and the anode and provides a passage for lithium ions to move, and it can be used without any particular limitation as long as it is normally used as a separator in a secondary battery. Excellent is preferred.
- a porous polymer film for example, a porous polymer film made of a polyolefin-based polymer such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these A laminated structure of two or more layers of may be used.
- a conventional porous nonwoven fabric for example, a nonwoven fabric made of high melting point glass fiber, polyethylene terephthalate fiber, etc. may be used.
- a coated separator including a ceramic component or a polymer material may be used, and may optionally be used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- electrolyte may include, but are not limited to, organic liquid electrolytes, inorganic liquid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, gel polymer electrolytes, solid inorganic electrolytes, and molten inorganic electrolytes that can be used in manufacturing a lithium secondary battery.
- the electrolyte may include a non-aqueous organic solvent and a metal salt.
- non-aqueous organic solvent for example, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, gamma-butylolactone, 1,2-dime ethoxyethane, tetrahydroxy franc, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolane, formamide, dimethylformamide, dioxolane, acetonitrile, nitromethane, methyl formate, Methyl acetate, phosphoric acid triester, trimethoxymethane, dioxolane derivative, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, propylene carbonate derivative, tetrahydrofuran derivative, ether, pyropion
- An aprotic organic solvent such as methyl acid or ethyl propionate may
- ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate which are cyclic carbonates
- an electrolyte having high electrical conductivity can be prepared, which can be more preferably used.
- a lithium salt may be used as the metal salt, and the lithium salt is a material readily soluble in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the lithium salt is a material readily soluble in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- haloalkylene carbonate-based compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, tri Ethyl phosphite, triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylene diamine, n-glyme, hexaphosphoric acid triamide, nitrobenzene derivative, sulfur, quinone imine dye, N-substituted oxazolidinone, N,N-substituted imida
- One or more additives such as taxdine, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, ammonium salt, pyrrole, 2-methoxyethanol or aluminum trichloride may be further included.
- a battery module including the secondary battery as a unit cell and a battery pack including the same. Since the battery module and the battery pack include the secondary battery having high capacity, high rate rate characteristics and cycle characteristics, a medium-to-large device selected from the group consisting of an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, and a system for power storage can be used as a power source for
- the first uncoated artificial graphite particles which are single particles having an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 6 ⁇ m, were prepared.
- the second uncoated artificial graphite particles are obtained by pulverizing coke raw material into coke having an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 8 ⁇ m, and then mixing the pulverized coke with pitch to form secondary particles.
- Prepare an intermediate gradually increase the temperature to 3,000 °C, maintain 3,000 °C for 60 hours, and heat treatment by lowering the temperature gradually to room temperature to graphitize and secondary particles, and the average particle diameter of the secondary particles (D 50 ) is 22.5 It is prepared by adjusting the micrometer. At this time, the total heat treatment time of the intermediate was 2 weeks.
- a mixture of the first uncoated artificial graphite particles and the second uncoated artificial graphite particles in a weight ratio of 5:5 is used as an anode active material (BET specific surface area: 1.5 m 2 /g), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is used as a binder
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- CNT was used as a conductive material
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- 96.45 parts by weight of the negative active material, 1.9 parts by weight of the binder, 0.5 parts by weight of the conductive material, and 1.15 parts by weight of the thickener were added to 10 parts by weight of distilled water and mixed to prepare a negative electrode slurry.
- the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil (current collector) having a thickness of 8 ⁇ m at a loading amount of 10 mg/cm 2 and dried, and the temperature of the circulating air was 130° C. Then, the current collector coated with the negative electrode slurry was rolled and dried in a vacuum oven at 130° C. for 1 hour, and then punched out into a rectangle of 15.2 cm 2 to prepare a negative electrode including an anode active material layer.
- An anode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mixture of the first uncoated artificial graphite particles and the second uncoated artificial graphite particles of Example 1 in a weight ratio of 4:6 was used as an anode active material.
- the BET specific surface area of the negative active material was 1.6 m 2 /g. When the negative active material was tandem rolled, the linear pressure was 5.5 Ton/cm.
- a negative electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mixture of the first uncoated artificial graphite particles and the second uncoated artificial graphite particles of Example 1 in a weight ratio of 6:4 was used as the negative electrode active material.
- the BET specific surface area of the negative active material was 1.5 m 2 /g. When the negative active material was tandem rolled, the linear pressure was 6.5 Ton/cm.
- the first uncoated artificial graphite particles which are single particles having an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 5 ⁇ m, were prepared.
- An anode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the first uncoated artificial graphite particles were used instead of the first uncoated artificial graphite particles of Example 1.
- the BET specific surface area of the negative active material was 1.7 m 2 /g.
- the linear pressure was 7.5 Ton/cm.
- the first uncoated artificial graphite particles which are single particles having an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 7 ⁇ m, were prepared.
- An anode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the first uncoated artificial graphite particles were used instead of the first uncoated artificial graphite particles of Example 1.
- the BET specific surface area of the negative active material was 1.6 m 2 /g. When the negative active material was tandem rolled, the linear pressure was 6.5 Ton/cm.
- Uncoated artificial graphite particles composed of secondary particles (average particle diameter (D 50 ): 20 ⁇ m) in which a plurality of primary particles (average particle diameter (D 50 ): 6 ⁇ m) are aggregated were prepared.
- the uncoated artificial graphite particles are obtained by pulverizing coke raw material into coke having an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 6 ⁇ m, and then mixing the pulverized coke with pitch to obtain an intermediate granulated in the form of secondary particles.
- the intermediate is gradually heated to 3,000 °C, maintained at 3,000 °C for 60 hours and gradually lowered to room temperature by heat treatment to graphitize and secondary particles, and the average particle diameter of the secondary particles (D 50 ) It was prepared by adjusting it to 20 ⁇ m. At this time, the total heat treatment time of the intermediate was 2 weeks.
- An anode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the uncoated artificial graphite particles were used as the second uncoated artificial graphite particles instead of the second uncoated artificial graphite particles of Example 1.
- the BET specific surface area of the negative active material was 1.9 m 2 /g. When the negative active material was tandem rolled, the linear pressure was 5.5 Ton/cm.
- Uncoated artificial graphite particles composed of secondary particles (average particle diameter (D 50 ): 25 ⁇ m) in which a plurality of primary particles (average particle diameter (D 50 ): 6 ⁇ m) were aggregated were prepared.
- the uncoated artificial graphite particles are obtained by pulverizing coke raw material into coke having an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 6 ⁇ m, and then mixing the pulverized coke with pitch to obtain an intermediate granulated in the form of secondary particles.
- the intermediate is gradually heated to 3,000 °C, maintained at 3,000 °C for 60 hours and gradually lowered to room temperature by heat treatment to graphitize and secondary particles, and the average particle diameter of the secondary particles (D 50 ) It was prepared by adjusting it to 25 ⁇ m. At this time, the total heat treatment time of the intermediate was 2 weeks.
- An anode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the uncoated artificial graphite particles were used as the second uncoated artificial graphite particles instead of the second uncoated artificial graphite particles of Example 1.
- the BET specific surface area of the negative active material was 1.6 m 2 /g. When the negative active material was tandem rolled, the linear pressure was 5.5 Ton/cm.
- the first uncoated artificial graphite particles which are single particles having an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 4 ⁇ m, were prepared.
- An anode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the first uncoated artificial graphite particles were used instead of the first uncoated artificial graphite particles of Example 1.
- the BET specific surface area of the negative active material was 1.5 m 2 /g. When the negative active material was tandem rolled, the linear pressure was 9.5 Ton/cm.
- the first uncoated artificial graphite particles which are single particles having an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 8 ⁇ m, were prepared.
- Uncoated artificial graphite particles composed of secondary particles (average particle diameter (D 50 ): 19 ⁇ m) in which a plurality of primary particles (average particle diameter (D 50 ): 8 ⁇ m) were aggregated were prepared.
- the uncoated artificial graphite particles are obtained by pulverizing coke raw material into coke having an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 8 ⁇ m, and then mixing the pulverized coke with pitch to obtain an intermediate granulated in the form of secondary particles.
- the intermediate is gradually heated to 3,000 °C, maintained at 3,000 °C for 60 hours and gradually lowered to room temperature by heat treatment to graphitize and secondary particles, and the average particle diameter of the secondary particles (D 50 ) It was prepared by adjusting it to 19 ⁇ m. At this time, the total heat treatment time of the intermediate was 2 weeks.
- An anode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the uncoated artificial graphite particles were used as the second uncoated artificial graphite particles instead of the second uncoated artificial graphite particles of Example 1.
- the BET specific surface area of the negative active material was 1.7 m 2 /g. When the negative active material was tandem rolled, the linear pressure was 9.5 Ton/cm.
- Uncoated artificial graphite particles composed of secondary particles (average particle diameter (D 50 ): 26 ⁇ m) in which a plurality of primary particles (average particle diameter (D 50 ): 8 ⁇ m) are aggregated were prepared.
- the uncoated artificial graphite particles are obtained by pulverizing coke raw material into coke having an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 6 ⁇ m, and then mixing the pulverized coke with pitch to obtain an intermediate granulated in the form of secondary particles.
- the intermediate is gradually heated to 3,000 °C, maintained at 3,000 °C for 60 hours and gradually lowered to room temperature by heat treatment to graphitize and secondary particles, and the average particle diameter of the secondary particles (D 50 ) It was prepared by adjusting it to 26 ⁇ m. At this time, the total heat treatment time of the intermediate was 2 weeks.
- An anode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the uncoated artificial graphite particles were used as the second uncoated artificial graphite particles instead of the second uncoated artificial graphite particles of Example 1.
- the BET specific surface area of the negative active material was 1.5 m 2 /g. When the negative active material was tandem rolled, the linear pressure was 8.5 Ton/cm.
- a negative electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mixture of the first uncoated artificial graphite particles and the second uncoated artificial graphite particles of Example 1 in a 3:7 weight ratio was used as the negative electrode active material.
- the BET specific surface area of the negative active material was 1.8 m 2 /g. When the negative active material was tandem rolled, the linear pressure was 10.5 Ton/cm.
- a negative electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mixture of the first uncoated artificial graphite particles and the second uncoated artificial graphite particles of Example 1 in a weight ratio of 7:3 was used as the negative electrode active material.
- the BET specific surface area of the negative active material was 1.7 m 2 /g. When the negative active material was tandem rolled, the linear pressure was 11.5 Ton/cm.
- the first uncoated artificial graphite particles which are single particles having an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 9 ⁇ m, were prepared.
- Second uncoated artificial graphite particles composed of secondary particles (average particle diameter (D 50 ): 17.5 ⁇ m) in which a plurality of primary particles (average particle diameter (D 50 ): 4 ⁇ m) were aggregated were prepared.
- the second uncoated artificial graphite particles are obtained by pulverizing coke raw material into coke having an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 4 ⁇ m, and then mixing the pulverized coke with pitch to form secondary particles.
- An intermediate is prepared, and the temperature of the intermediate is gradually raised to 3,000 ° C., 3,000 ° C. is maintained for 60 hours, and the temperature is gradually lowered to room temperature to be heat treated to graphitize and secondary particles, and the average particle diameter of the secondary particles (D 50 ) was adjusted to 17.5 ⁇ m. At this time, the total heat treatment time of the intermediate was 2 weeks.
- An anode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mixture of the first uncoated artificial graphite particles and the second uncoated artificial graphite particles in a weight ratio of 3:7 was used as an anode active material.
- the BET specific surface area of the negative active material was 1.5 m 2 /g. When the negative active material was tandem rolled, the linear pressure was 5.5 Ton/cm.
- An anode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mixture of the artificial graphite particles coated with the soft carbon and the second uncoated artificial graphite particles of Example 1 in a weight ratio of 3:7 was used as an anode active material.
- the BET specific surface area of the negative active material was 1.1 m 2 /g. When the negative active material was tandem rolled, the linear pressure was 6.5 Ton/cm.
- An anode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that only the second uncoated artificial graphite particles of Example 1 were used as an anode active material.
- the BET specific surface area of the negative active material was 0.9 m 2 /g. When the negative active material was tandem rolled, the linear pressure was 7.5 Ton/cm.
- An anode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the artificial graphite particles coated with the soft carbon were used as an anode active material.
- the BET specific surface area of the negative active material was 0.8 m 2 /g. When the negative active material was tandem rolled, the linear pressure was 10.5 Ton/cm.
- An anode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that only the first uncoated artificial graphite particles of Example 1 were used as an anode active material.
- the BET specific surface area of the negative active material was 1.2 m 2 /g. When the negative active material was tandem rolled, the linear pressure was 11.5 Ton/cm.
- An anode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that natural graphite (POSCO Chemicals, PAS-C3B) was used as an anode active material.
- natural graphite POSCO Chemicals, PAS-C3B
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the secondary particles contained in the natural graphite was 22.5 ⁇ m, the BET specific surface area was 2.9 m 2 /g, and the linear pressure when the negative active material was tandem rolled was 9.5 Ton/cm.
- batteries were prepared as follows.
- a positive electrode slurry was prepared by mixing positive electrode active material LCO, carbon black-based conductive material, and binder PVDF powder in a solvent N-methyl-2 pyrrolidone in a weight ratio of 92:2:6, respectively.
- the prepared positive electrode slurry was applied to a positive electrode current collector having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m so that the electrode loading (mg/cm 2 ) was 23.4 mg per unit area, dried in a vacuum oven at 130° C. for 1 hour, and then a roll heated to 80° C.
- a positive electrode having a final thickness (current collector + active material layer) of 72.5 ⁇ m was prepared by rolling through a pressure of 15 MPa.
- the negative electrode of Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 12 was equally used as a working electrode and a counter electrode, and a polyethylene separator was interposed between the working electrode and the counter electrode to prepare an electrode assembly.
- a symmetric cell was prepared by injecting an electrolyte solution in which 1M LiPF 6 was dissolved in a solvent in which ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethylene carbonate (EMC) were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:4 to the electrode assembly.
- the symmetric cell was set to a frequency range of 10 6 Hz to 0.05 Hz with an electrochemical impedance analysis device, and the impedance was measured, and the electrolyte resistance and the pore resistance were separated, and the pore resistance was measured.
- the results are shown in Table 2 below.
- the negative electrode of Examples 1 to 5 has an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of a single particle of 5 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m, uncoated artificial graphite particles, and an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 20 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m, and a plurality of primary particles Including the negative electrode active material containing uncoated artificial graphite particles, which are secondary particles agglomerated, in a specific weight ratio, the line pressure measured during tandem rolling is small. This is because the thickness of the electrode can be implemented to be thin.
- the batteries including the negative electrodes of Examples 1 to 7 according to the present invention have significantly superior charging performance than the batteries including the negative electrodes of Comparative Examples.
- the negative electrode according to the present invention has a pore resistance of 9 Ohm or less. Accordingly, it can be seen that the negative electrode according to the present invention can maintain high charging characteristics by lowering the electrolyte diffusion resistance while sufficiently maintaining the electrode structure.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
- 집전체 및 상기 집전체 상에 형성된 음극 활물질층을 포함하고,상기 음극 활물질층은 음극 활물질을 포함하며,상기 음극 활물질은 제1 미피복 인조흑연 입자들과 제2 미피복 인조흑연 입자들을 4:6 내지 6:4의 중량비로 포함하고,상기 제1 미피복 인조흑연 입자는 평균 입경(D50)이 5㎛ 내지 7㎛인 단일 입자이고,상기 제2 미피복 인조흑연 입자는 평균 입경(D50)이 20㎛ 내지 25㎛이고, 복수의 1차 입자가 응집된 2차 입자인 음극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질은 상기 제1 미피복 인조흑연 입자 및 상기 제2 미피복 인조흑연 입자로 이루어진 것인 음극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 2차 입자는 평균 입경(D50)이 7㎛ 내지 9㎛인 복수의 1차 입자가 응집된 것인 음극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질의 탭밀도는 1.00g/cc 내지 1.20g/cc인 음극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질의 BET 비표면적은 1.0m2/g 내지 2.5m2/g인 음극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질층의 기공 부피는 10cm3/g 내지 20cm3/g인 음극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질은 상기 음극 활물질층 내에 90중량% 내지 99중량%로 포함되는 것인 음극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질층은 도전재를 더 포함하고,상기 도전재는 상기 음극 활물질층 내에 0.1중량% 내지 1.0중량%로 포함되는 것인 음극.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 도전재는 카본블랙 및 탄소나노튜브 중에서 선택된 적어도 1종을 포함하는 음극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,기공 저항이 9Ohm 이하인 음극.
- 청구항 1 내지 청구항 10 중 어느 한 항에 따른 음극;양극;상기 음극과 상기 양극 사이에 개재된 분리막; 및전해질;을 포함하는 이차 전지.
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| CN202180024353.3A CN115336040A (zh) | 2020-07-07 | 2021-07-06 | 负极和包含所述负极的二次电池 |
| EP21838888.2A EP4109591A4 (en) | 2020-07-07 | 2021-07-06 | ANODE AND SECONDARY BATTERY WITH THE ANODE |
| US17/913,911 US20240213441A1 (en) | 2020-07-07 | 2021-07-06 | Negative electrode and secondary battery including the negative electrode |
| JP2022557959A JP7475768B2 (ja) | 2020-07-07 | 2021-07-06 | 負極及び前記負極を含む二次電池 |
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| EP (1) | EP4109591A4 (ko) |
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| EP4312285A1 (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2024-01-31 | SK On Co., Ltd. | Anode for secondary battery and secondary battery including the same |
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- 2021-07-06 US US17/913,911 patent/US20240213441A1/en active Pending
- 2021-07-06 WO PCT/KR2021/008568 patent/WO2022010225A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2021-07-06 JP JP2022557959A patent/JP7475768B2/ja active Active
- 2021-07-06 EP EP21838888.2A patent/EP4109591A4/en active Pending
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| EP4109591A1 (en) | 2022-12-28 |
| JP2023518591A (ja) | 2023-05-02 |
| KR20220006006A (ko) | 2022-01-14 |
| EP4109591A4 (en) | 2023-08-23 |
| CN115336040A (zh) | 2022-11-11 |
| US20240213441A1 (en) | 2024-06-27 |
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| JP7475768B2 (ja) | 2024-04-30 |
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