WO2022085777A1 - 有機電界発光素子用材料及び有機電界発光素子 - Google Patents
有機電界発光素子用材料及び有機電界発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic EL device containing a compound for an organic electroluminescent device and a specific mixed host material.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an organic EL device using a TTF (Triplet-Triplet Fusion) mechanism, which is one of the mechanisms of delayed fluorescence.
- TTF Triplet-Triplet Fusion
- the TTF mechanism utilizes the phenomenon that singlet excitons are generated by the collision of two triplet excitons, and it is theoretically thought that the internal quantum efficiency can be increased to 40%.
- the efficiency is lower than that of the phosphorescent light emitting type organic EL element, further improvement in efficiency and low voltage characteristics are required.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an organic EL element using a TADF (Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence) mechanism.
- the TADF mechanism utilizes the phenomenon that reverse intersystem crossing from a triplet exciter to a singlet exciter occurs in a material with a small energy difference between the singlet level and the triplet level, and theoretically determines the internal quantum efficiency. It is believed that it can be increased to 100%.
- Patent Documents 3, 4 and 5 disclose that an indolocarbazole compound is used as a host material.
- Patent Documents 6 and 7 disclose that two different indrocarbazole compounds are used as a mixed host.
- an organic EL element In order to apply an organic EL element to a display element such as a flat panel display, it is necessary to improve the luminous efficiency of the element and at the same time to sufficiently secure the long life characteristics of the element. In view of the above situation, it is an object of the present invention to provide an organic EL device having a low drive voltage, high efficiency and high drive stability, and a compound suitable for the organic EL element.
- an organic electroluminescent device using a specific mixed host material for the light emitting layer can solve the above-mentioned problems, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention is an organic electroluminescent device having a plurality of organic layers between an anode and a cathode, wherein the organic layer has at least one light emitting layer, and the light emitting layers have a first host and a second light emitting layer different from each other.
- the first host is a compound represented by the following general formula (1)
- the second host is a compound represented by the following general formula (2), which comprises a host and a dopant material.
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent device.
- ring A represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring represented by the formula (1a) that condenses with two adjacent rings at an arbitrary position
- ring B is a formula that condenses with two adjacent rings at an arbitrary position.
- the heterocycle represented by (1b) is shown.
- X and Y independently represent CR 2 or N, respectively, but at least one is N.
- Each of R 1 is independently a heavy hydrogen, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms.
- an aromatic heterocyclic group of R 2 is independently hydrogen, hydrocarbon, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 3 carbon atoms. Shows up to 17 aromatic hydrocarbon groups, a and b are integers from 0 to 4, and c is an integer from 0 to 2.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic groups having 3 to 17 carbon atoms, or fragrances thereof.
- L 1 Indicates a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group in which 2 to 5 group rings are linked.
- L 1 indicates a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group in which 2 to 5 aromatic hydrocarbon groups are linked.
- ring C represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring represented by the formula (2a) that condenses with two adjacent rings at an arbitrary position
- ring D is a formula that condenses with two adjacent rings at an arbitrary position.
- the heterocycle represented by (2b) is shown.
- Each of R 3 is independently a heavy hydrogen, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms.
- Indicates an aromatic heterocyclic group of d and e are integers of 0 to 4, and f is an integer of 0 to 2.
- Ar 3 and Ar 4 are independently substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic groups having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, or fragrances thereof. Indicates a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group in which 2 to 5 group rings are linked.
- X, Y or both are N
- L 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, respectively. It is a preferred embodiment of the present invention that the substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or the substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group in which 2 to 5 aromatic hydrocarbon groups are linked is used.
- Ar 3 and Ar 4 are independently substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted aromatics having 10 to 18 carbon atoms, respectively.
- Or d, e and f are all 0s, which is another preferred embodiment.
- the general formula (2) can be any of the following formulas (4a) to (4f).
- Z represents O, S, NAr 5 , or CR 5 R 6
- R 4 is synonymous with R 3
- g represents an integer from 0 to 4.
- R 3 , d, e, f and Ar 3 agree with the general formula (2)
- Ar 5 agrees with Ar 3
- R 5 and R 6 independently agree with R 3 .
- the present invention is characterized in that a premixture containing the first host and the second host, which are different from each other, is prepared and a light-emitting layer is produced by using the premixture.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electroluminescent element.
- the present invention is a premixture for an organic electroluminescent device, which comprises the above-mentioned first host and second host which are different from each other. It is preferable that the difference in the 50% weight loss temperature between the first host and the second host is within 20 ° C.
- the material used for the organic layer has high durability against electric charges, and it is particularly important to suppress leakage of excitons and electric charges to the peripheral layer in the light emitting layer.
- it is effective to improve the bias of the light emitting region in the light emitting layer, and for that purpose, the amount of both charges (electrons / holes) injected into the light emitting layer or both charges in the light emitting layer. It is necessary to control the transport volume within a preferable range.
- the first host and the second host having the above-mentioned indrocarbazole structure are used as hosts.
- the first host has a nitrogen-containing six-membered ring having high electron acceptability on N of indolocarbazole
- the charge, especially the injection transportability of electrons is improved, and by using the second host, the charge,
- the injection transportability of electric charge can be controlled at a high level by changing the skeletal structure of the indrocarbazole ring and the type and number of substituents on this skeleton.
- the injection transportability of electric charges in the light emitting layer is optimized, and the characteristics such as voltage, efficiency, and durability are improved.
- the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention is an organic electroluminescent device having a plurality of organic layers between an anode and a cathode, the organic layer includes at least one light emitting layer, and the light emitting layer is the above-mentioned general formula ( It is characterized by including a first host represented by 1), a second host represented by the general formula (2), and a dopant material. The first host and the second host are different from each other.
- the ring A is a benzene ring represented by the formula (1a)
- the ring B is a heterocycle represented by the formula (1b), and is condensed with two adjacent rings at an arbitrary position. do.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) can be a compound represented by the following formulas (3a) to (3f). Preferably, it is a compound represented by the formulas (3a) to (3e). More preferably, it is a compound represented by the formulas (3a) to (3c). More preferably, it is a compound represented by the formula (3a).
- X and Y are independently CR 2 or N, respectively, and at least one of each is N.
- X is all N.
- Y is all N.
- X is all N and Y is all N.
- R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbon, aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups, respectively. It is an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms. Preferably, it is a heavy hydrogen, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or an substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocycle having 3 to 12 carbon atoms. It is the basis.
- R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
- hydrogen is excluded from R1 .
- aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl and the like. It is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or the aromatic heterocyclic group having an unsubstituted carbon number of 3 to 17 include benzene, naphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphtylene, azulene, anthracene, and pyrimidine.
- Tetrazole indol, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, indazole, benzimidazole, benzotriazole, benzoisothiazole, benzothiasiazol, purine, pyrimidine, coumarin, isoquamine, chromon, dibenzoselenophen, dibenzofuran, benzoflopyridine , Benzoflopyrimidine, dibenzothiophene, benzothienopyridine, benzothienopyrimidine, pyridoindole, or groups derived from carbazole.
- the group is mentioned.
- a and b are integers of 0 to 4, and c is an integer of 0 to 2.
- a and b are 0 to 2. More preferably, a, b, and c are all 0.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic groups having 3 to 17 carbon atoms, or fragrances thereof. It is a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group in which 2 to 5 group rings are linked. It is preferably a hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group in which 2 to 5 aromatic hydrocarbon groups are linked. More preferably, it is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group in which 2 to 5 phenyl groups are linked.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 17 unsubstituted carbon atoms, or a linked aromatic group in which 2 to 5 of these aromatic rings are linked.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 17 unsubstituted carbon atoms, or a linked aromatic group in which 2 to 5 of these aromatic rings are linked.
- examples include benzene, naphthalene, acenaphten, acenaphtylene, azulene, anthracene, chrysen, pyrene, phenanthrene, fluorene, triphenylene, pyridine, pyrimidine, triazine, thiophene, isothiazole, thiazole, pyridazine, pyrrol, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, thiadiazole.
- Examples include groups resulting from the constituent compounds. More preferably, it is a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a terphenyl group.
- the terphenyl group may be linearly linked or branched.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group, the aromatic heterocyclic group, or the linked aromatic group may each have a substituent.
- the substituents are heavy hydrogen, halogen, cyano group, triarylsilyl group, aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkoxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and 1 to 5 carbon atoms. An alkoxy group or a diarylamino group having 12 to 44 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the substituent is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, it may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- the number of substituents is preferably 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 2.
- the carbon number calculation does not include the carbon number of the substituent. However, it is preferable that the total number of carbon atoms including the number of carbon atoms of the substituent satisfies the above range.
- substituents include dehydrogen, cyano, methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, cyclopentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, vinyl and propenyl.
- Preferred examples include cyano, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, diphenylamino, naphthylphenylamino, or dinaphthylamino.
- the linked aromatic group refers to an aromatic group in which the carbons of the aromatic rings of the aromatic group are bonded and linked by a single bond. It is an aromatic group in which two or more aromatic groups are linked, and these may be linear or branched.
- the aromatic group may be an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and the plurality of aromatic groups may be the same or different.
- the aromatic group corresponding to the linked aromatic group is different from the substituted aromatic group.
- L 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group in which 2 to 5 aromatic hydrocarbon groups are linked. It is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group of 6 to 18, and more preferably a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group. Specific examples of the case where L 1 is an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group are the same as the case where Ar 1 and Ar 2 are an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group. In addition, L 1 is a divalent group.
- the ring C represents a benzene ring represented by the formula (2a)
- the ring D represents a heterocycle represented by the formula (2b)
- two adjacent rings and arbitrary positions Condensate with.
- Ar 3 and Ar 4 are independently substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic groups having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, or fragrances thereof. Indicates a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group in which 2 to 5 group rings are linked.
- the aromatic heterocyclic group is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 10 to 18 carbon atoms
- the linked aromatic group is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group in which 2 to 3 of the above aromatic groups are linked.
- Linked aromatic groups are preferred.
- At least one of Ar 3 and Ar 4 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 10 to 12 carbon atoms. Further, it is preferable that Ar 3 and Ar 4 do not have a nitrogen-containing 6-membered ring group. More preferably, when Ar 3 is not a nitrogen-containing 6-membered ring group and Ar 4 is a linked aromatic group, the second aromatic group is not a nitrogen-containing 6-membered ring group.
- the compound represented by the general formula (2) can be a compound represented by the above formulas (4a) to (4f). Preferably, it is a compound represented by the formulas (4a) to (4e). More preferably, it is a compound represented by the formulas (4a) to (4c).
- Z represents O, S, NAr 5 or CR 5 R 6 , preferably S, O, or N—Ar 5 , and more preferably O or N—.
- Ar 5 is the same as Ar 1 or Ar 2 above. It is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group in which 2 to 3 of the aromatic hydrocarbon groups are linked, and more preferably unsubstituted. It is a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group in which 2 to 3 of the aromatic hydrocarbon groups are linked.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, or a linked aromatic group in which 2 to 5 of these aromatic rings are linked.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, or a linked aromatic group in which 2 to 5 of these aromatic rings are linked.
- examples include benzene, naphthalene, acenaphten, acenaphtylene, azulene, anthracene, chrysen, pyrene, phenanthrene, fluorene, triphenylene, pyridine, pyrimidine, triazine, thiophene, isothiazole, thiazole, pyridazine, pyrrol, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, thiadiazole.
- a group formed by taking one hydrogen from a compound composed of two or three linkages thereof can be mentioned.
- benzene, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, carbazole, or a group formed by taking one hydrogen from a compound composed of two or three linkages thereof can be mentioned.
- R 3 and R 4 are independently heavy hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms. It is an aromatic heterocyclic group of 3 to 17. A substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms is preferable, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- R 5 and R 6 are independently hydrogen, an aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms, and 3 to 3 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms. There are 17 aromatic heterocyclic groups, which may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- R 3 to R 6 are an unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group are the same as in the case of R 1 and R 2 .
- Preferred examples include benzene, naphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, azulene, anthracene, chrysene, pyrene, phenanthrene, fluorene, or triphenylene. More preferably, it is benzene.
- D, e, and g are integers of 0 to 4, and f is an integer of 0 to 2.
- d, e and g are integers of 0 to 2 and f is an integer of 0 to 1. More preferably, d, e, f, and g are all 0.
- the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention has an organic layer, and at least one of the organic layers is a light emitting layer. At least one light emitting layer contains the first host and the second host and at least one kind of light emitting dopant.
- a method for manufacturing an organic electroluminescent device of the present invention a method of preparing a premix (premix composition) containing the first host and the second host and using the premix to prepare a light emitting layer is excellent.
- a method of vaporizing and depositing the premix from a single evaporation source is preferred.
- the premix is a uniform composition.
- the difference in the 50% weight loss temperature between the first host and the second host in the premix is within 20 ° C., which is effective for making the vapor deposition uniform.
- the first host and the second host can be used by vapor deposition from different vapor deposition sources individually, but they are premixed before vapor deposition to form a premixture, and the premixture is simultaneously vapor-deposited from one vapor deposition source to emit light. It is preferable to form a layer.
- the premix may be mixed with the luminescent dopant material required to form the light emitting layer or other hosts used as needed, but there is a large difference in the temperature at which the desired vapor pressure is obtained. In that case, it may be vapor-deposited from another vapor deposition source.
- the ratio of the first host to the total of the first host and the second host is preferably 10 to 70%, preferably more than 15%. , 65%, more preferably 20-60%.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of a general organic EL device used in the present invention, in which 1 is a substrate, 2 is an anode, 3 is a hole injection layer, 4 is a hole transport layer, and 5 is a light emitting layer. , 6 represent an electron transport layer, and 7 represents a cathode.
- the organic EL device of the present invention may have an exciton blocking layer adjacent to the light emitting layer, or may have an electron blocking layer between the light emitting layer and the hole injection layer.
- the exciton blocking layer can be inserted into either the cathode side or the anode side of the light emitting layer, and both can be inserted at the same time.
- the organic EL device of the present invention has an anode, a light emitting layer, and a cathode as essential layers, but it is preferable to have a hole injection transport layer and an electron injection transport layer in addition to the essential layers, and further, a light emitting layer and an electron injection. It is preferable to have a hole blocking layer between the transport layers.
- the hole injection transport layer means either or both of the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer
- the electron injection transport layer means either or both of the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer.
- the organic EL element of the present invention is preferably supported by a substrate.
- the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is conventionally used for an organic EL element, and for example, a substrate made of glass, transparent plastic, quartz or the like can be used.
- anode material in the organic EL element a material composed of a metal having a large work function (4 eV or more), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof is preferably used.
- electrode materials include metals such as Au, and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- amorphous material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 -ZnO) capable of producing a transparent conductive film may be used.
- a thin film may be formed by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as thin film deposition or sputtering, and a pattern of a desired shape may be formed by a photolithography method, or when pattern accuracy is not required so much (about 100 ⁇ m or more). May form a pattern through a mask having a desired shape during vapor deposition or sputtering of the electrode material.
- a coatable substance such as an organic conductive compound
- a wet film forming method such as a printing method or a coating method can also be used.
- the sheet resistance as the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the film thickness depends on the material, but is usually selected in the range of 10 to 1000 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- the cathode material a material consisting of a metal (electron-injecting metal) having a small work function (4 eV or less), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof is used.
- a metal electron-injecting metal
- Specific examples of such electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O). 3 ) Examples include mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
- a mixture of an electron injectable metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function value than this, for example, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium. / Aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide mixture, lithium / aluminum mixture, aluminum and the like are suitable.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these cathode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance of the cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the film thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
- the emission brightness is improved, which is convenient.
- a transparent or translucent cathode can be produced. By applying it, it is possible to manufacture an element in which both the anode and the cathode are transparent.
- the light emitting layer is a layer that emits light after excitons are generated by recombination of holes and electrons injected from each of the anode and cathode, and the light emitting layer contains an organic light emitting dopant material and a host.
- the first host and the second host which are different from each other, are used.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) as the first host one kind may be used, or two or more kinds of different compounds may be used.
- the compound represented by the general formula (2) as the second host different from the first host one kind may be used, or two or more kinds of different compounds may be used.
- one or a plurality of other known host materials may be used in combination, but the amount used may be 50 wt% or less, preferably 25 wt% or less, based on the total amount of the host materials.
- the form of the host and its premixture may be powder, stick or granular.
- each host can be vapor-deposited from different vapor deposition sources, or multiple types of hosts can be vapor-deposited simultaneously from one vapor deposition source by premixing them before vapor deposition to form a premixture. ..
- a method capable of mixing as uniformly as possible is desirable, and examples thereof include pulverization mixing, heating and melting under reduced pressure or in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen, sublimation, and the like. It is not limited to the method.
- the 50% weight loss temperature is the temperature at which the weight is reduced by 50% when the temperature is raised from room temperature to 550 ° C at a rate of 10 ° C per minute in TG-DTA measurement under nitrogen airflow reduced pressure (1 Pa). .. It is considered that vaporization by evaporation or sublimation occurs most actively in the vicinity of this temperature.
- the difference between the 50% weight loss temperature of the first host and the second host is preferably within 20 ° C, more preferably within 15 ° C.
- a premixing method a known method such as pulverization and mixing can be adopted, but it is desirable to mix as uniformly as possible.
- the phosphorescent dopant When a phosphorescent dopant is used as the luminescent dopant material, the phosphorescent dopant contains an organic metal complex containing at least one metal selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, renium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold. What to do is good. Specifically, the iridium complex described in J.Am.Chem.Soc.2001,123,4304 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-530515 is preferably used, but is not limited thereto.
- the phosphorescent dopant material only one kind may be contained in the light emitting layer, or two or more kinds may be contained.
- the content of the phosphorescent dopant material is preferably 0.1 to 30 wt%, more preferably 1 to 20 wt% with respect to the host material.
- the phosphorescent dopant material is not particularly limited, but specific examples include the following.
- the fluorescent light emitting dopant is not particularly limited, and is, for example, a benzoxazole derivative, a benzothiazole derivative, a benzoimidazole derivative, a styrylbenzene derivative, a polyphenyl derivative, a diphenylbutadiene derivative, or a tetraphenyl.
- Examples thereof include polymer compounds such as polyphenylene and polyphenylene vinylene, and organic silane derivatives.
- Preferred examples thereof include condensed aromatic derivatives, styryl derivatives, diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives, oxazine derivatives, pyrromethene metal complexes, transition metal complexes, or lanthanoid complexes, and more preferably naphthalene, pyrene, chrysen, triphenylene, benzo [c] phenanthrene.
- the fluorescent light emitting dopant material only one kind may be contained in the light emitting layer, or two or more kinds may be contained.
- the content of the fluorescent light emitting dopant material is preferably 0.1 to 20%, more preferably 1 to 10% with respect to the host material.
- the heat-activated delayed fluorescent light-emitting dopant is not particularly limited, but is described in a metal complex such as a tin complex or a copper complex, or WO2011 / 070963.
- Indrocarbazole derivatives, cyanobenzene derivatives described in Nature 2012,492,234, carbazole derivatives, phenazine derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, sulfone derivatives, phenoxazine derivatives, aclysine derivatives and the like described in Nature Photonics 2014,8,326 can be mentioned. Be done.
- the thermally activated delayed fluorescent dopant material is not particularly limited, but specific examples include the following.
- the thermally activated delayed fluorescent dopant material may contain only one type or two or more types in the light emitting layer. Further, the thermally activated delayed fluorescent dopant may be mixed with a phosphorescent light emitting dopant or a fluorescent light emitting dopant. The content of the thermally activated delayed fluorescent dopant material is preferably 0.1 to 50%, more preferably 1 to 30% with respect to the host material.
- the injection layer is a layer provided between the electrode and the organic layer in order to reduce the driving voltage and improve the emission brightness.
- the injection layer includes a hole injection layer and an electron injection layer, and is located between the anode and the light emitting layer or the hole transport layer. And may be present between the cathode and the light emitting layer or the electron transporting layer.
- the injection layer can be provided as needed.
- the hole blocking layer has the function of an electron transporting layer in a broad sense, and is made of a hole blocking material having a function of transporting electrons and a significantly small ability to transport holes, and is composed of a hole blocking material while transporting electrons. It is possible to improve the recombination probability of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer by blocking the above.
- the electron blocking layer has a function of a hole transporting layer in a broad sense, and by blocking electrons while transporting holes, the probability of recombination of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer can be improved. ..
- the material of the electron blocking layer a known electron blocking layer material can be used, and a hole transporting layer material described later can be used as needed.
- the film thickness of the electron blocking layer is preferably 3 to 100 nm, more preferably 5 to 30 nm.
- the exciton blocking layer is a layer for blocking the diffusion of excitons generated by the recombination of holes and electrons in the light emitting layer to the charge transport layer, and the excitons are inserted by inserting this layer. It is possible to efficiently confine it in the light emitting layer, and it is possible to improve the light emitting efficiency of the element.
- the exciton blocking layer can be inserted between two adjacent light emitting layers in an element in which two or more light emitting layers are adjacent to each other.
- exciton blocking layer As the material of the exciton blocking layer, a known exciton blocking layer material can be used. For example, 1,3-dicarbazolylbenzene (mCP), bis (8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline)-(4-phenylphenoxy) aluminum (III) (BAlq) and the like can be mentioned.
- mCP 1,3-dicarbazolylbenzene
- BAlq bis (8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline)-(4-phenylphenoxy) aluminum
- the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and the hole transport layer may be provided with a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the hole transport material has any of hole injection or transport and electron barrier property, and may be either an organic substance or an inorganic substance. Any compound can be selected and used for the hole transport layer from conventionally known compounds. Examples of such hole transport materials include porphyrin derivatives, arylamine derivatives, triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, and amino-substituted carcon derivatives.
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and the electron transport layer may be provided with a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the electron transport material (which may also serve as a hole blocking material) may have a function of transmitting electrons injected from the cathode to the light emitting layer.
- any of conventionally known compounds can be selected and used, for example, polycyclic aromatic derivatives such as naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthroline, and tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (III).
- Example 1 Each thin film was laminated with a vacuum degree of 4.0 ⁇ 10 -5 Pa by a vacuum vapor deposition method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of ITO having a film thickness of 110 nm was formed.
- HAT-CN was formed on the ITO to a thickness of 25 nm as a hole injection layer, and then Spiro-TPD was formed to a thickness of 30 nm as a hole transport layer.
- HT-1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as an electron blocking layer.
- compound 1 was co-deposited as the first host, compound 649 as the second host, and Ir (ppy) 3 as the light emitting dopant from different vapor deposition sources to form a light emitting layer having a thickness of 40 nm.
- co-deposited under the vapor deposition conditions where the concentration of Ir (ppy) 3 was 10 wt% and the weight ratio between the first host and the second host was 30:70.
- ET-1 was formed to a thickness of 20 nm as an electron transport layer.
- LiF was formed on the electron transport layer as an electron injection layer to a thickness of 1 nm.
- Al was formed on the electron injection layer as a cathode to a thickness of 70 nm to fabricate an organic EL device.
- Example 2-7 an organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compounds shown in Table 1 were used for the first host and the second host.
- the weight ratio between the first host and the second host was 30:70 in Examples 2 to 6 and 50:50 in Example 7.
- Examples 8-10 An organic EL device was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the premix obtained by weighing the first host and the second host shown in Table 1 and mixing them while grinding in a mortar was co-deposited from one vapor deposition source. bottom. The weight ratio between the first host and the second host was 30:70 in Examples 8 to 9 and 50:50 in Example 10.
- Example 1 an organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compounds shown in Table 1 were used for the first host and the second host.
- Example 8 an organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the compounds shown in Table 1 were used for the first host and the second host.
- Example 10 an organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the compounds shown in Table 1 were used for the first host and the second host.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the manufactured organic EL device.
- the luminance, drive voltage, and luminous efficiency are the values when the drive current is 20 mA / cm 2 , and are the initial characteristics.
- LT70 is the time required for the initial brightness to decay to 70%, and represents the life characteristic.
- Table 2 lists the 50% weight loss temperatures (T 50 ) for compounds 1, 8, 647, 650, and C.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献6、7では、異なる2種のインドロカルバゾール化合物を混合ホストとして使用することを開示している。
X、及びYは、それぞれ独立にCR2又はNを示すが、少なくとも一つはNであり、
R1はそれぞれ独立に、重水素、炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、又は置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~17の芳香族複素環基を示し、
R2はそれぞれ独立に、水素、重水素、炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、又は置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~17の芳香族複素環基を示し、
a、及びbは0~4の整数、cは0~2の整数を示し、
Ar1及びAr2は、それぞれ独立に水素、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~17の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~5個連結した置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基を示し、
L1は置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、又は該芳香族炭化水素基が2~5個連結した置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基を示す。
R3はそれぞれ独立に、重水素、炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、又は置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~17の芳香族複素環基を示し、
d、及びeは0~4の整数、fは0~2の整数を示し、
Ar3、及びAr4は、それぞれ独立に、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~18の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~5個連結した置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基を示す。
更に本発明は、上記互いに異なる第1ホストと第2ホストを含むことを特徴とする有機電界発光素子用の予備混合物である。
上記第1ホストと第2ホストとの50%重量減少温度の差が20℃以内であることがよい。
本発明では、ホストとして上記インドロカルバゾール構造を有する第1ホストと第2ホストを使用する。第1ホストはインドロカルバゾールのN上に、電子受容性の高い含窒素六員環を有するため、電荷、特に電子の注入輸送性が向上させ、更に第2ホストを使用することで、電荷、特に正孔の注入輸送性を高めて、低電圧、高効率でありながら安定して駆動する有機EL素子とすることが可能になったと推測される。そして、インドロカルバゾール環の骨格構造やこの骨格への置換基の種類、数を変えることで電荷の注入輸送性を高いレベルで制御できると推測される。本発明の有機EL素子は、発光層中の電荷の注入輸送性が適正化され、電圧、効率、耐久性等の特性が改善されたものとなる。
X及びYは、それぞれ独立にCR2又はNであり、それぞれの少なくとも一つはNである。好ましくは、Xの内、2つ以上がNである。より好ましくは、Xが全てNである。また、好ましくは、Yの内、2つ以上がNである。より好ましくは、Yが全てNである。特に好ましくは、Xが全てNであり、かつYがすべてNである。
好ましくは、ベンゼン、ナフタレン、フェナントレン、フルオレン、トリフェニレン、ピリジン、ピリミジン、トリアジン、ピリダジン、ピロール、ピラゾール、イミダゾール、トリアゾール、ピラジン、フラン、キノリン、イソキノリン、キノキサリン、キナゾリン、インドール、ベンゾフラン、ベンゾチオフェン、ベンゾオキサゾール、ベンゾチアゾール、インダゾール、ベンズイミダゾール、ベンゾトリアゾール、ベンゾイソチアゾール、ベンゾチアジアゾール、ジベンゾセレノフェン、ジベンゾフラン、ベンゾフロピリジン、ベンゾフロピリミジン、ジベンゾチオフェン、ベンゾチエノピリジン、ベンゾチエノピリミジン、ピリドインドール、又はカルバゾールから生じる芳香族基が挙げられる。より好ましくは、ベンゼン、ナフタレン、フェナントレン、フルオレン、トリフェニレン、トリアジン、キノキサリン、キナゾリン、ジベンゾフラン、ベンゾフロピリジン、ベンゾフロピリミジン、ジベンゾチオフェン、ベンゾチエノピリジン、ベンゾチエノピリミジン、ピリドインドール、又はカルバゾールから生じる芳香族基が挙げられる。
なお、置換基の数は0~5、好ましくは0~2がよい。芳香族炭化水素基及び芳香族複素環基が置換基を有する場合の炭素数の計算には、置換基の炭素数を含まない。しかし、置換基の炭素数を含んだ合計の炭素数が上記範囲を満足することが好ましい。
式(4a)~(4f)において、Zは、O、S、NAr5、又はCR5R6を表し、好ましくはS、O、又はN-Ar5であり、より好ましくはO、又はN-Ar5である。
予備混合物における第1ホストと第2ホストとの50%重量減少温度の差が20℃以内であることは、蒸着を均一にするために有効である。
本発明の有機EL素子は、基板に支持されていることが好ましい。この基板については特に制限はなく、従来から有機EL素子に用いられているものであれば良く、例えばガラス、透明プラスチック、石英等からなるものを用いることができる。
有機EL素子における陽極材料としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物又はこれらの混合物からなる材料が好ましく用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としてはAu等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3-ZnO)等の非晶質で、透明導電膜を作成可能な材料を用いてもよい。陽極はこれらの電極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により、薄膜を形成させ、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状のパターンを形成しても良く、あるいはパターン精度をあまり必要としない場合(100μm以上程度)は、上記電極材料の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。あるいは有機導電性化合物のような塗布可能な物質を用いる場合には印刷方式、コーティング方式等湿式成膜法を用いることもできる。この陽極より発光を取り出す場合には、透過率を10%より大きくすることが望ましく、また陽極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常10~1000nm、好ましくは10~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
一方、陰極材料としては仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属)、合金、電気伝導性化合物又はこれらの混合物からなる材料が用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム―カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらの中で、電子注入性及び酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えばマグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。陰極はこれらの陰極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。また、陰極としてシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm~5μm、好ましくは50~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。なお、発光した光を透過させるため、有機EL素子の陽極又は陰極のいずれか一方が透明又は半透明であれば発光輝度は向上し、好都合である。
発光層は陽極及び陰極のそれぞれから注入された正孔及び電子が再結合することにより励起子が生成した後、発光する層であり発光層には有機発光性ドーパント材料とホストを含む。
第1ホストとしての一般式(1)で表される化合物は、1種を使用してもよく、2種以上の異なる化合物を使用してもよい。同様に、第1ホストとは異なる第2ホストとしての一般式(2)で表される化合物は1種を使用してもよく、2種以上の異なる化合物を使用してもよい。
必要により、他の公知のホスト材料を1種又は複数種類併用しても良いが、その使用量はホスト材料の合計に対し、50wt%以下、好ましくは25wt%以下とすることがよい。
注入層とは、駆動電圧低下や発光輝度向上のために電極と有機層間に設けられる層のことで、正孔注入層と電子注入層があり、陽極と発光層又は正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層又は電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。注入層は必要に応じて設けることができる。
正孔阻止層とは広い意味では電子輸送層の機能を有し、電子を輸送する機能を有しつつ正孔を輸送する能力が著しく小さい正孔阻止材料からなり、電子を輸送しつつ正孔を阻止することで発光層中での電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。
電子阻止層とは広い意味では正孔輸送層の機能を有し、正孔を輸送しつつ電子を阻止することで発光層中での電子と正孔が再結合する確率を向上させることができる。
励起子阻止層とは、発光層内で正孔と電子が再結合することにより生じた励起子が電荷輸送層に拡散することを阻止するための層であり、本層の挿入により励起子を効率的に発光層内に閉じ込めることが可能となり、素子の発光効率を向上させることができる。励起子阻止層は2つ以上の発光層が隣接する素子において、隣接する2つの発光層の間に挿入することができる。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、正孔輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、電子輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
膜厚110nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5Paで積層した。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層としてHAT-CNを25nmの厚さに形成し、次に正孔輸送層としてSpiro-TPDを30nmの厚さに形成した。次に電子阻止層としてHT-1を10nmの厚さに形成した。次に、第1ホストとして化合物1を、第2ホストとして化合物649を、発光ドーパントとしてIr(ppy)3をそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、40nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。この時、Ir(ppy)3の濃度が10wt%、第1ホストと第2ホストの重量比が30:70となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した。次に電子輸送層としてET-1を20nmの厚さに形成した。更に電子輸送層上に電子注入層としてLiFを1nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、陰極としてAlを70nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例1において、第1ホスト及び第2ホストを、表1に示す化合物を使用した以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
なお、第1ホストと第2ホストの重量比は、実施例2~6においては30:70とし、実施例7においては50:50とした。
表1に示す第1ホストと第2ホストを量りとり、乳鉢ですり潰しながら混合することにより得た予備混合物を一つの蒸着源から共蒸着した以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
なお、第1ホストと第2ホストの重量比は、実施例8~9においては30:70とし、実施例10においては50:50とした。
実施例1において、第1ホスト及び第2ホストを、表1に示す化合物を使用した以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例8において、第1ホスト及び第2ホストを、表1に示す化合物を使用した以外は実施例8と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例10において、第1ホスト及び第2ホストを、表1に示す化合物を使用した以外は実施例10と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
Claims (11)
- 陽極と陰極との間に複数の有機層を有する有機電界発光素子であって、有機層は少なくとも一つの発光層を有し、該発光層は、互いに異なる第1ホストと第2ホストとドーパント材料とを含み、上記第1ホストが下記一般式(1)で表される化合物であり、上記第2ホストが下記一般式(2)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする有機電界発光素子。
ここで、環Aは、2つの隣接環と任意の位置で縮合する式(1a)で表される芳香族炭化水素環を示し、環Bは、2つの隣接環と任意の位置で縮合する式(1b)で表される複素環を示し、
X、及びYは、それぞれ独立にCR2又はNを示すが、少なくとも一つはNであり、
R1はそれぞれ独立に、重水素、炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、又は置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~17の芳香族複素環基を示し、
R2はそれぞれ独立に、水素、重水素、炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、又は置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~17の芳香族複素環基を示し、
a、及びbは0~4の整数、cは0~2の整数を示し、
Ar1及びAr2は、それぞれ独立に水素、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~17の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~5個連結した置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基を示し、
L1は置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、又は該芳香族炭化水素基が2~5個連結した置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基を示す。
ここで、環Cは、2つの隣接環と任意の位置で縮合する式(2a)で表される芳香族炭化水素環を示し、環Dは、2つの隣接環と任意の位置で縮合する式(2b)で表される複素環を示し、
R3はそれぞれ独立に、重水素、炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、又は置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~17の芳香族複素環基を示し、
d、及びeは0~4の整数、fは0~2の整数を示し、
Ar3、及びAr4は、それぞれ独立に、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~18の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~5個連結した置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基を示す。 - 上記一般式(1)において、X、Y又は両者が全てNであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 上記一般式(1)において、L1が置換若しくは未置換のフェニレン基であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 上記一般式(1)において、Ar1及びAr2がそれぞれ独立に、水素、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、又は該芳香族炭化水素基が2~5個連結した置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 上記一般式(2)において、Ar3、及びAr4は、それぞれ独立に、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数10~18の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~5個連結した置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 上記一般式(2)において、Ar3、及びAr4の少なくとも一方は、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~10の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数10~12の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~3個連結した置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 上記一般式(2)において、d、e及びfが全て0であることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 請求項1~8のいずれかに記載された有機電界発光素子を製造するに当たり、上記互いに異なる第1ホストと第2ホストを含む予備混合組成物を用意し、これを使用して発光層を作製することを特徴とする有機電界発光素子の製造方法。
- 請求項9に記載の有機電界発光素子の製造方法で使用される予備混合組成物であって、上記互いに異なる第1ホストと第2ホストを含むことを特徴とする有機電界発光素子用の予備混合組成物。
- 上記第1ホストと第2ホストとの50%重量減少温度の差が20℃以内であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の予備混合組成物。
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