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WO2022082299A1 - Utilisation de la spectroscopie dans la fabrication de produits de consommation à base de cannabis - Google Patents

Utilisation de la spectroscopie dans la fabrication de produits de consommation à base de cannabis Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022082299A1
WO2022082299A1 PCT/CA2021/051456 CA2021051456W WO2022082299A1 WO 2022082299 A1 WO2022082299 A1 WO 2022082299A1 CA 2021051456 W CA2021051456 W CA 2021051456W WO 2022082299 A1 WO2022082299 A1 WO 2022082299A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cannabis
target molecule
thc
cannabinoid
cannabis material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CA2021/051456
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English (en)
Inventor
Donald PAQUETTE
Justin CONWAY
Renato Devien DURBANO
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Hexo Operations Inc
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Hexo Operations Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hexo Operations Inc filed Critical Hexo Operations Inc
Publication of WO2022082299A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022082299A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N2021/845—Objects on a conveyor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N2021/8466—Investigation of vegetal material, e.g. leaves, plants, fruits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/65—Raman scattering

Definitions

  • This application generally relates to the field of methods of manufacturing cannabis-based consumer products.
  • Spectroscopy techniques such as infrared (IR) adsorption and Raman spectroscopy can be used to detect and quantify cannabinoids and other compounds found in cannabis during manufacturing processes. Integrating such spectroscopic measurement processes in-line, at-line, or on-line with manufacturing avoids the potential for contamination and delays in production caused by stopping the production line to obtain and test a sample. Signals (such as images) can be captured as each product passes below a detector (such as a camera) on a production line (such as a conveyor or pipes), and a quality measure of each product can then be determined from the captured signals. Control of subsequent handling of each product can include controlling a sorting station to route product to different destinations for processing at least based on the determined quality measure.
  • IR infrared
  • Raman spectroscopy techniques such as infrared (IR) adsorption and Raman spectroscopy can be used to detect and quantify cannabinoids and other compounds found in cannabis during manufacturing processes. Integrating such spectroscopic measurement processes in-
  • the present disclosure relates to a system comprising a production line for manufacturing a cannabis product from a cannabis material, and a spectroscopy unit operatively coupled with the production line.
  • the spectroscopy unit is configured to capture electromagnetic radiation of the cannabis material, detect, from the captured electromagnetic radiation, a characteristic of an electromagnetic pattern in the cannabis material indicative of a target molecule content of the cannabis material, the target molecule content being associated with a quality marker of the cannabis material, and provide a response as to the quality marker of the cannabis material based on the detection.
  • the present disclosure relates to a system that includes a detection unit configured to detect, from electromagnetic radiation captured from a cannabis material, a characteristic of an electromagnetic pattern indicative of a target molecule content of the cannabis material, the target molecule content being associated with a quality marker of the cannabis material, and provide a response as to the target molecule content of the cannabis material based on the detection.
  • Implementations can include one or more of the following features:
  • the quality marker of the cannabis material includes an organoleptic attribute of the cannabis material or a potency of the cannabis material
  • the electromagnetic radiation is an infrared spectrum signal of the cannabis material and the characteristic of the electromagnetic pattern is an absorption at a predetermined infrared wavelength;
  • the predetermined infrared wavelength is associated with an electromagnetic absorption behavior of the target molecule, the target molecule being a phytochemical
  • the phytochemical is one of a cannabinoid, a cannabis terpene, a cannabis flavonoid, a cannabis wax, a cannabis lipid, a cannabis carotenoid, chlorophyll A, or chlorophyll B;
  • the cannabinoid is selected from THC, CBD, CBG, and CBN;
  • the cannabinoid is selected from THCa, CBDa, A8-THC, THCV, CBDV, CBC, CBGa, and A10-THC;
  • the electromagnetic radiation is obtained with a monochromatic light source and the characteristic of the electromagnetic pattern is a shift in energy of the monochromatic light after exposure to the cannabis material;
  • the shift in energy is associated with a shift in energy of the monochromatic light behavior of the target molecule, the target molecule being a phytochemical
  • the spectroscopy unit comprises a camera
  • the camera is in-line with the production line of the cannabis material; the camera is on-line with the production line of the cannabis material; the camera is at-line with the production line of the cannabis material, the cannabis material being conveyed from the production line to the camera through an automated system;
  • the automated system includes a conveyor
  • the camera is a charged-coupled device (CCD) camera
  • the spectroscopy unit is configured to detect a characteristic of an electromagnetic pattern in the cannabis material indicative of at least one second target molecule content of the cannabis material;
  • the target molecule includes two or more target molecules.
  • the present disclosure relates to a system that includes a detector to capture electromagnetic radiation from a cannabis material, a processor operatively coupled to the detector and configured to process the captured electromagnetic radiation to determine a characteristic of an electromagnetic pattern of the cannabis material indicative of a target molecule content of the cannabis material, and a controller operatively coupled to the processor and configured to control subsequent handling of the cannabis material based on the determined characteristic of the electromagnetic pattern.
  • Implementations can include one or more of the following features:
  • the subsequent handling comprises grading of the cannabis material based on the determined characteristic
  • the subsequent handling comprises allowing or blocking entry of the cannabis material into a downstream production line portion
  • the radiation is an infrared spectrum of the cannabis material and the characteristic of the electromagnetic pattern is an absorption at a predetermined infrared wavelength;
  • the predetermined infrared wavelength is associated with an electromagnetic absorption behavior of the target molecule, the target molecule being a phytochemical;
  • the phytochemical is a cannabinoid, a cannabis terpene, a cannabis flavonoid, a cannabis carotenoid, a cannabis wax, or a cannabis lipid;
  • the cannabinoid is THC, CBD, CBG, or CBN;
  • the cannabinoid is THCa, CBDa, A8-THC, THCV, CBDV, CBC, CBGa, or A10-THC;
  • the radiation is obtained with a monochromatic light and the characteristic of the electromagnetic pattern is a shift in energy of the monochromatic light after exposure to the cannabis material;
  • the shift in energy is associated with a shift in energy of the monochromatic light behavior of the target molecule, the target molecule being a cannabinoid, a cannabis terpene, a cannabis flavonoid, a cannabis wax, a cannabis carotenoid, or a cannabis lipid;
  • the detector is in-line with a production line of the cannabis material
  • the detector is on-line with a production line of the cannabis material
  • the detector is at-line with a production line of the cannabis material, the cannabis material being conveyed from the production line to a camera through an automated system;
  • the automated system includes a conveyor
  • the detector comprises a charged-coupled device (CCD) camera
  • the target molecule includes two or more target molecules.
  • Spectroscopy refers to measurement techniques in which a sample is directly irradiated with electromagnetic radiation of differing types, and the resulting generated spectrum is detected and analyzed.
  • the term “cannabis plant(s)”, encompasses wild type Cannabis (including but not limited to the species species Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica and Cannabis ruderalis) and also variants thereof, including cannabis chemovars (or “strains”) that naturally contain different amounts of the individual cannabinoids.
  • Cannabis chemovars or “strains” that naturally contain different amounts of the individual cannabinoids.
  • some Cannabis strains have been bred to produce minimal levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal psychoactive constituent responsible for the high associated with it and other strains have been selectively bred to produce high levels of THC and other psychoactive cannabinoids.
  • THC tetrahydrocannabinol
  • Cannabis plants produce a unique family of terpeno -phenolic compounds called cannabinoids, which produce the “high” one experiences from consuming marijuana. There are 483 identifiable chemical constituents known to exist in the cannabis plant, and at least 85 different cannabinoids have been isolated from the plant. The two cannabinoids usually produced in greatest abundance are cannabidiol (CBD) and/or THC, but only THC is psychoactive. Cannabis plants can be categorized by their chemical phenotype or “chemotype,” based on the overall amount of THC produced, and on the ratio of THC to CBD. Although overall cannabinoid production is influenced by environmental factors, the THC/CBD ratio is genetically determined and remains fixed throughout the life of a plant. Nondrug plants produce relatively low levels of THC and high levels of CBD, while drug plants produce high levels of THC and low levels of CBD.
  • CBD cannabidiol
  • target molecule refers to molecules found with a cannabis product that are of interest to a user.
  • Target molecules in the cannabis product detected by the spectroscopy techniques discussed herein can be indicators of the contents of the cannabis product and thus indicate the quality of the product.
  • Example target molecules are discussed below.
  • the cannabis “quality marker” refers to markers detected within a cannabis product indicating the quality of the cannabis product.
  • the quality marker is associated with the target molecules detected in the cannabis product.
  • Quality markers can include an organoleptic attribute, such as the texture, density, viscosity and/or elasticity of the cannabis product. Such quality marker traits can be associated with rheology measurements.
  • Quality markers can include potency of the cannabis material.
  • cannabinoid generally refers to any chemical compound that acts upon a cannabinoid receptor such as CB1 and CB2.
  • a cannabinoid may include endocannabinoids (produced naturally by humans and animals), phytocannabinoids (found in cannabis and some other plants), and synthetic cannabinoids (manufactured artificially, for example cannabinoids produced in yeast, for example as described in WO WO2018/148848).
  • phytocannabinoids include, but are not limited to, cannabichromanon (CBCN), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabichromevarin (CBCV), cannabicitran (CBT), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabicyclovarin (CBLV), cannabidiol (CBD, defined below), cannabidiol monomethylether (CBDM), cannabidiol-C4 (CBD-C4), cannabidiorcol (CBD-C1), cannabidiphorol (CBDP), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabielsoin (CBE), cannabifuran (CBF), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabigerol monomethylether (CBGM), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabigerovarin (CBGV), cannabinodiol (CBND), cannabinodivarin (CBVD), cancann
  • Cannabidiol means one or more of the following compounds: A2 -cannabidiol, A5- cannabidiol (2-(6-isopropenyl-3 -methyl-5 -cyclohexen-l-yl)-5 -pentyl -1,3 -benzenediol) ; A4-cannabidiol (2- (6-isopropenyl-3-methyl-4-cyclohexen-l-yl)-5-pentyl-l,3-benzenediol); A3 -cannabidiol (2-(6-isopropenyl- 3 -methyl-3 -cyclohexen-l-yl)-5 -pentyl -1,3 -benzenediol) ; A3 ,7-cannabidiol (2-(6-isopropenyl-3 - methylenecyclohex-l-yl)-5-pentyl-l,3-benzenediol)
  • Tetrahydrocannabinol means one or more of the following compounds: A8- tetrahydrocannabinol (A8-THC), A9-cis-tetrahydrocannabinol (cis-THC), A9-tetrahydrocannabinol (A9- THC), AlO-tetrahydrocannabinol (A10-THC), A9-tetrahydrocannabinol-C4 (THC-C4), A9- tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-C4 (THCA-C4), synhexyl (n-hexyl-A3THC).
  • THC means one or more of the following compounds: A9 -tetrahydrocannabinol and A8-tetrahydrocannabinol.
  • suitable synthetic cannabinoids include, but are not limited to, naphthoylindoles, naphthylmethylindoles, naphthoylpyrroles, naphthylmethylindenes, phenylacetylindoles, cyclohexylphenols, tetramethylcyclopropylindoles, adamantoylindoles, indazole carboxamides, quinolinyl esters, and combinations thereof.
  • a cannabinoid may be in an acid form or a non-acid form, the latter also being referred to as the decarboxylated form since the non-acid form can be generated by decarboxylating the acid form.
  • the cannabinoid can be in its acid, its non-acid form, or be a mixture of both acid and non-acid forms.
  • the cannabis product of the present disclosure may contain one or more cannabinoid(s).
  • the one or more cannabinoid(s) may originate from the cannabis extract, from an additional component, or both.
  • the cannabis product of the present disclosure contains one or more cannabinoid(s) in an amount sufficient for the user to experience a desired effect when consuming the cannabis product.
  • the cannabis product of the present disclosure may include one or more cannabinoid(s), such as THC, CBD, CBN, or any combinations thereof, in similar or different amounts.
  • the cannabis product of the present disclosure contains the one or more cannabinoid(s) in an amount (the “cannabinoid content”) sufficient for the user to experience a desired effect when consuming the product.
  • the cannabis product may comprise from about 5 wt.% to about 90 wt.% cannabinoid, for example up to about 60 wt.%, or up to about 50 wt.%, or up to about 40 wt.%, or up to about 30 wt.%.
  • Terpene generally refers to a class of chemical components comprised of the fundamental building block of isoprene, which can be linked to form linear structures or rings.
  • Terpenes may include hemiterpenes (single isoprenoid unit), monoterpenes (two units), sesquiterpenes (three units), diterpenes (four units), sesterterpenes (five units), triterpenes (six units), and so on. At least some terpenes are expected to interact with, and potentiate the activity of, cannabinoids. Any suitable terpene may be used in the cannabis product.
  • terpenes originating from a cannabis plant may be used, including but not limited to aromadendrene, bergamottin, bergamotol, bisabolene, borneol, 4-3- carene, caryophyllene, cineole/eucalyptol, p-cymene, dihydroj asmone, elemene, famesene, fenchol, geranylacetate, guaiol, humulene, isopulegol, limonene, linalool, menthone, menthol, menthofuran, myrcene, nerylacetate, neomenthylacetate, ocimene, perillylalcohol, phellandrene, pinene, pulegone, sabinene, terpinene, terpineol, 4-terpineol, terpinolene, and derivatives thereof.
  • terpenes include nerolidol, phytol, geraniol, alpha-bisabolol, thymol, genipin, astragaloside, asiaticoside, camphene, beta-amyrin, thujone, citronellol, 1,8-cineole, cycloartenol, hashishene, and derivatives thereof. Further examples of terpenes are discussed in US Patent Application Pub. No. US2016/0250270, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
  • the cannabis product of the present disclosure may contain one or more terpene(s).
  • the one or more terpene(s) may originate from the cannabis extract, from an additional component, or both.
  • the cannabis product of the present disclosure may include the one or more terpene(s) in an amount (the “terpene content”) sufficient for the user to experience a desired entourage effect when consuming the product.
  • the cannabis product may comprise from about 0.5 wt.% to about 15 wt.% terpene, for example up to about 15 wt.%, or up to about 10 wt.%, or up to about 5 wt.%, or up to about 4 wt.%, or up to about 3 wt.%, or up to about 2 wt.%, or up to about 1 wt.%.
  • the cannabis product of the present disclosure may include consumer products (such as plants, plant materials (e.g., cannabis buds, kief, cannabis flowers, etc.), topical creams, oils, resins, drinks, food additives, edibles, creams, aerosol sprays, vaporization substances, beverages, and the like).
  • a consumer product may include processed products that contain a cannabis derived compound (such as one or more cannabinoid) as an ingredient component that has been admixed or infused with other ingredients forming the consumer product.
  • this beverage product can be made by infusing a composition containing a cannabis derived compound in a beverage base, preferably a cannabinoid-less beverage base. The infusion can be performed by mixing a powdered form of the composition and/or a liquid form of the composition with the beverage base.
  • Possible advantages of the methods and techniques described herein include can include increased speed and efficiency of the production line.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the components of a cannabis quality detection unit.
  • FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating a production system using the cannabis quality detection unit of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating a second production system using the cannabis quality detection unit of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating an example method of detecting a characteristic of a cannabis sample using the production systems of FIGS. 2A and 2B.
  • FIG. 4 is a representative IR adsorption spectroscopy graph.
  • FIG. 5 is a representative Raman spectroscopy graph.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B are top view diagrams illustrating possible configurations for the production systems of FIGS. 2A and 2B.
  • Spectroscopy techniques such as IR adsorption and Raman spectroscopy can be used to detect and quantify cannabinoids and other compounds found in cannabis during manufacturing processes. Integrating such spectroscopic measurement processes in-line, at-line, or on-line with manufacturing avoids the potential for contamination and delays in production caused by stopping the production line to obtain and test a sample. Signals (such as images) can be captured as each product passes below a detector (such as a camera) on a production line (such as a conveyor or pipes), and a quality measure of each product can then be determined from the captured signals. Control of subsequent handling of each product can include controlling a sorting station to route product to different destinations for processing at least based on the determined quality measure.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example cannabis quality detection unit 100 or apparatus that can be used to measure the contents or quality of a cannabis product being manufactured.
  • the quality detection unit 100 includes a detector 102, a processor 104, an illumination source 106, and a controller 108 that are interconnected.
  • One or more filters 112 can be operatively connected to the detector 102, to filter electromagnetic radiation incident on the detector 102.
  • the components of the quality detection unit 100 are configured for various types of spectroscopic analysis.
  • FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration where the quality detection unit 100 is implemented as part of production system 200 that includes a production line 202.
  • the example system 200 includes a quality detection unit 100 as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the quality detection unit 100 is located such that it can measure a product sample 212, e.g., a sample of a cannabis product being processed.
  • the product sample 212 is carried past the spectroscopy unit 100 on a conveyor belt 214 that carries the product sample 212 on its top surface in the example shown, although other arrangements are also possible.
  • a trigger 216 is located near the conveyor belt 214 and before the detector 102 relative to a direction of movement of the conveyor belt shown by arrow 218, such that the product sample 212 trips the trigger 216 as it is moved past the trigger 216 on the conveyor belt 214.
  • the trigger 216 is functionally connected to the detector 102 and to the processor 104 and controller 108 within the quality detection unit 100.
  • the controller 108 can direct the detector 102 to capture data (e.g., an image) of the product sample 212 when the trigger 216 is tripped, or after a certain time delay based on the relative locations and the speed of the conveyor belt 214.
  • the trigger 216 is an optical trigger.
  • the trigger 216 can be any type of sensor that detects the arrival of a product sample 212 at a location that it can be detected by the detector 102.
  • the quality detection unit 100 and the trigger 216 are functionally connected to a production controller 220.
  • the production controller 220 can communicate with the controller 108 of the quality detection unit 100, or in some instances the production controller 220 and the controller 108 are the same unit.
  • the production controller 220 is functionally connected to a user station console 222 and to a server 224.
  • the server 224 includes a database 226 that is also functionally connected to the production controller 220.
  • a remote user system 230 is functionally connected to the server 224. Data to and from the quality detection unit and other transfers (e.g., software updates) can be transmitted between the remote user system 230 through the server 224 to the production controller and/or the controller 108, and/or can be transmitted from the user station console 222.
  • the trigger 216 In operation, as the product sample 212 is moved along by the conveyor belt 214, the trigger 216 is tripped by the product sample 212.
  • the trigger 216 signals the controller 108 and/or the detector 102 that the product sample 212 is in the detection field or approaching the detector 102.
  • data is captured (e.g., electromagnetic radiation in the form of an image, or a spectrum). In some embodiments, multiple signals are captured.
  • the processor 104 detects a characteristic in the captured electromagnetic data that is indicative of the target molecule content that is, in turn, indicative of a quality of the product sample 212. In some embodiments, the characteristics are determined by the processor 104 and is then used to estimate the quality of the product sample 212.
  • An indicator of the target molecule content or of the quality of the product can be passed on to the production controller 220 and can generate a control signal. Each indicator or control signal based thereon, can be provided to a grader 232 connected to the production controller 220 for sorting purposes.
  • the proximity of the detector 102 to the product sample 212 can affect the quality of captured spectroscopy data. In general, the distance between the detector 102 and the conveyor belt 214 is an implementation-specific detail that may depend, for example, on the sensitivity of the detector 102 and the speed with which it can adapt to different distances to a product sample 212 target.
  • the detector 102 can be implemented in hardware depending on the specific spectroscopic technique being used in the quality detection unit 100.
  • the detector 102 can be configured to detect electromagnetic radiation at different wavelengths.
  • the detector 102 can be a camera configured to detect visible light.
  • the detector 102 can be an array detector such as charge -coupled device.
  • the detector 102 can be a monochromator.
  • the detector 102 can be a spectrograph or an interferometer.
  • the detector 102 can include other components suitable for spectroscopy as is known in the art, such as filters 112 including a longpass filter, a notch filter, a bandpass filter, etc.
  • an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag (not shown) storing information related to an identifier of the product sample 212 is attached to the item or a label or to a container containing the item and the detector 102 or the processor 104 includes an RFID device.
  • the RFID device can then be used to store information relating to content and/or quality of the product sample 212 on the RFID tag. This information can also or instead be transmitted to the server 224 for storage in the database 226.
  • the detector 102, the processor 104, the controller 108, or another component can also read the item identifier from the RFID tag and transmit the identifier to the server 224 so that the image(s) or spectra and/or information relating to content / quality can be associated with the individual item in the database 226.
  • Information records in the database 226 associated with individual items can be used to provide any of various levels of detail, from individual information to information aggregated across subsets of items or entire harvests, for example.
  • the detector 102 itself, the controller 108, or another component, can provide a date and/or time which can similarly be associated with each data capture.
  • Location, date, and time are all associated with each data capture, and can be used, for example, for regulatory purposes. Location, date, and time information can also or instead be used to look at productivity at various times.
  • Each product sample 212 can also or instead be assigned a lot and bin number by the grader 232, and the lot and bin number may also be communicated to the server 224 and/or other components, such as a sorting system which sorts items by lot and bin numbers.
  • the data captured, identifiers, quality, location, date, time, lot number, and bin number are all examples of content that can be stored in the database 226. These types of content, or any subset of one or more thereof, can be stored in the database 226, and can potentially be used to sort, separate, or aggregate the stored content. One can also or instead access the database 226 to compile statistics on any of various metrics.
  • Average quality, quality distribution, harvest counts, etc., for an entire harvest or production run, harvest area, time period, etc., for instance, can be extracted from the database 226 or determined from data extracted from the database, depending on information that is stored in the database. Such information can be useful for production monitoring, and/or regulatory purposes, for example.
  • the data in the database 226 can be accessed by the remote user system 230 on the internet.
  • the remote user system 230 can send instructions to the controller 108 and/or to the production controller 220.
  • the user station console 222 can allow a user or other qualified technician on-site to enter pertinent botanical or manufacturing data from sampled items, which can then be sent to and stored in the database 226.
  • the data can include growth conditions of a cannabis plant lot or batch associated with the product sample 212 or processing conditions of a product sample 212, for example, which can provide continuous calibration data for the detector 102 and the processor 104.
  • the cannabinoid concentration of a sampled item is determined by another system or device (not shown) and entered into the database 226 by a user using the user station console 222, then the sampled item can be placed on the conveyor belt 214 and passed into the detection field of the detector 102 as a calibration item, to confirm that data capture and content detection are operating properly.
  • Adjustments to the detector 102 and/or the processor 104 can be made if there is any discrepancy between a determination as made by the processor 104 (or production controller 220) and the expected determination based on external testing.
  • the user is also able to view results and reports from the user station console 222.
  • the calibration data can be stored, for example, in the database 226. Automated reporting, to transmit data from the database 226 to an external component such as a regulatory agency, for example, is also possible.
  • FIG. 2B is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration where the quality detection unit 100 is implemented as part of production system 250 that includes a production line 252. Unlike the production system 200 of FIG. 2A, the production system 250 using the production line 252 is configured for fluid flow, where the product samples 212 are in liquid form. [0056]
  • the example production system 250 is similar to the production system 200 of FIG. 2A with like elements given the same reference numbers and operating in a similar fashion. However, the system 250 includes a quality detection unit 100 configured to measure a liquid product sample 212, e.g., a sample of a cannabis material being processed. The product sample 212 is carried past the spectroscopy unit 100 in a pipe 264.
  • a window 268 is fixed in the side of the pipe 264 that allows signals into and out of the interior of the pipe 264.
  • the window 258 can be transparent, although other arrangements are also possible such as the entirety of the pipe 264 being transparent.
  • a trigger 269 located near the pipe 264 is functionally connected to the detector 102 and to the processor 104 within the quality detection unit 100.
  • the trigger can be a timer, or can be controlled by a user directly e.g., a user at the user station console 222.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating an example method 300 that includes capturing, at 302, electromagnetic radiation from a cannabis product and detecting, at 304, from the captured radiation, a characteristic in the pattern of the electromagnetic radiation.
  • This characteristic of the pattern in the electromagnetic radiation can be an absorption peak or energy shift, for example. If detected, the characteristic in the pattern of the electromagnetic radiation is indicative of a target molecule content of the cannabis product being sampled.
  • the target molecule content is associated with a quality marker of the cannabis material.
  • a response is then provided based on the detection as to the quality marker of the cannabis sampled, at step 306, e.g., a numerical value of the cannabinoid content within the sampled cannabis product, a signal that the cannabis content indicated by the detected characteristic is within an acceptable range, a signal that the detected water within the sampled cannabis product is below an acceptable threshold, etc.
  • the example method 300 can be repeated for multiple product samples, as indicated by arrow 308.
  • the data capture that occurs at step 302 and characteristic detection at step 304 can be ongoing and need not be performed in the exact sequence shown. Characteristic detection for one data capture at step 304 need not necessarily be completed before the next signal is captured at step 302, for example. Also, at 306, there can be a single threshold for an embodiment to distinguish between lower/higher quality products, or multiple thresholds or ranges for distinguishing between more than two quality grades, or two or more specific compounds within the cannabis sample that are used when providing a response as to the quality marker of the cannabis material. [0059] Still other various ways of performing method operations, and at least some variations of the example method 300 are possible.
  • the capturing step at 302 can involve capturing an infrared image with a camera that has been modified to remove an infrared filter, and has possibly been further modified to include a visible light filter.
  • the characteristic detection at step 304 can include training vision detection software to detect the characteristic.
  • Other operations can also be performed, such as illuminating the product, with one or more of visible, infrared, and ultraviolet spectral components.
  • Subsequent handling of the product can be controlled based on the radiation characteristic detection at step 304. Grading or screening of the product as a lower or higher yield/quality product, allowing or blocking entry of the product, and/or other subsequent handling operations can be controlled or performed in subsequent steps.
  • the detector 102 can be implemented in various ways.
  • the detector 102 can be a visible spectrum camera designed to capture images in the visible spectrum, or a specialized camera that is designed to capture signals in the infrared spectrum or the ultraviolet spectrum.
  • Many cameras that are intended to capture images in the visible spectrum include an infrared filter that blocks infrared wavelengths, and such a camera that has been modified to remove the infrared filter can be used as the detector 102.
  • a visible light filter that blocks visible light and/or a filter that passes only infrared wavelengths can be added to improve infrared image quality.
  • a visible spectrum camera can similarly be modified to capture ultraviolet images by adding a visible light filter and/or a filter that passes only ultraviolet wavelengths, for example.
  • the detector 102 can be a charged-coupled device (CCD).
  • the detector 102 can be a detector configured to directly capture electromagnetic radiation other than visible light.
  • the detector 102 can be a spectrograph, or an interferometer.
  • FIG. 1 shows a single detector 102
  • multiple detectors can be included in the quality detection unit 100.
  • characteristics of color distortions might be more prominent in the visible spectrum, infrared, or ultraviolet images.
  • Multiple types of data capture devices can be used and can be captured by multiple detectors.
  • Multiple illumination sources 106 can likewise be included in the quality detection unit 100.
  • multiple quality detection units 100 can be used in a production system 200 or production system 250, where each quality detection unit 100 has differing capabilities and is configured to detect different types of electromagnetic radiation and identify different target molecules.
  • a single detector 102 with a switchable light filter can involve a single detector 102 with a switchable light filter.
  • a switchable filter can be located on or in the detector 102, as a separate component between the e.g., camera and an imaging target, on or in the illumination source 106, or as a separate component between the imaging light source and the imaging target, for example, where the illumination source provides broadband light in multiple spectra.
  • a switchable filter can include a visible spectrum filter, an infrared spectrum filter, and an ultraviolet spectrum filter, with different combinations of filters being moved into and out of a light path depending on the type of image to be captured. Filtering can be used in an imaging light path between the detector 102 and an imaging target and/or in an illumination light path between the illumination source 106 and the imaging target, to enable the detector 102 to capture signals of different types.
  • the processor 104 can be implemented using an element that executes software stored in one or more non-transitory memory devices (not shown), such as a solid-state memory device or a memory device that uses movable and/or even removable storage media.
  • Non-transitory memory devices such as a solid-state memory device or a memory device that uses movable and/or even removable storage media.
  • Microprocessors, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) are examples of processing devices that can be used to execute software.
  • the processor 104 can be implemented using hardware, firmware, one or more processing devices that execute software, or some combination thereof.
  • the detector 102 and the processor 104 can be parts of the same machine system in one possible implementation.
  • the illumination source 106 can be, for example, an incandescent light that provides both visible and infrared spectral components. Depending on the spectroscopy target (e.g., the specific cannabis product) and/or the operating environment of the quality detection unit 100, the illumination source 106 might not be provided. For example, the quality detection unit 100 might be implemented in an operating environment where sufficient illumination is provided by other light sources.
  • the illumination source 106 is a camera flash that is controlled by the detector 102 to illuminate an imaging target each time a signal is to be captured or possibly only under certain operating conditions.
  • the illumination source 106 can be a broadband light source with a switchable filter.
  • the illumination source 106 can be a monochromatic light source, e.g., a laser.
  • the illumination source can also include various optics as is known in the art, e.g., diffraction gratings, prisms, lenses, etc.
  • the controller 108 controls data capture implemented by the detector 102, and the controller can also or instead control the illumination source 106 and/or switchable filtering.
  • the controller 108 can also be operatively coupled to the detector 102 and/or the illumination source 106 in some embodiments.
  • any of various actions can be taken, and the production controller 220 can be involved in those actions.
  • the production controller 220 can also control a sorting station in communication with the grader 232 or other parts of the production line 202 or production line 252.
  • the production controller 220 can provide outputs to an external component, for example.
  • the quality detection unit 100 can include a production controller 220 and also communicate with an external controller.
  • the quality detection unit 100 can be self-powered by a power source such as a battery. In some embodiments, such as in a processing plant implementation, external power might be available.
  • the detector 102 captures a signal from the product sample 212 (e.g., the cannabis), and the processor 104 is coupled to the detector 102 to detect, from the captured signal, characteristics of the cannabis imaged by the detector 102, e.g., the product sample 212 within view of the detector 102.
  • the detector 102 can include a camera to capture a visible spectrum image of the product, an infrared detector to capture an infrared spectrum signal of the product, and/or an ultraviolet detector to capture an ultraviolet spectrum signal of the product.
  • Another possible multiple -image embodiment involves capturing multiple signals of different types, at substantially the same time and/or in rapid succession, using multiple detectors, multiple illumination sources, and/or multiple light filters. Registration of images taken at substantially the same time, especially if taken with a single camera, would be straightforward.
  • Image processing by the processor 104 such as subtraction of different types of images from each other, could increase the contrast of pattern characteristics for detection (e.g., reduce noise).
  • Other types of image processing such as image filtering, “image math” instead of or in addition to image subtraction, and/or spatial frequency transformations (e.g., Fourier domain filtering), can be performed by the processor 104.
  • the processor 104 can receive multiple signals captured by the detector 102 and detect a characteristic of a pattern based on those signals.
  • the signals can be processed separately by the processor 104 for detection of the same or different characteristics of the same or different patterns, or used together (e.g., using image subtraction and/or other signal processing) for characteristic detections.
  • Spectroscopy makes use of the interaction between matter (such as a cannabis product) and electromagnetic radiation as a function of the wavelength or frequency of the radiation to detect particular target molecules within the matter.
  • Spectroscopy techniques can be absorption-based or emission-based. Absorption occurs when energy from the radiative source (e.g., the illumination source 106) is absorbed by the matter (e.g., the product sample 212). Absorption is generally determined by measuring the fraction of energy transmitted through the matter, with absorption decreasing the transmitted portion.
  • Cannabinoids are compounds found in cannabis.
  • the most notable cannabinoids are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) among the over 100 other cannabinoids that have been isolated from cannabis (e.g., cannabigerol (CBG), cannabinol (CBN), etc.).
  • CBD cannabigerol
  • CBN cannabinol
  • Every cannabinoid has a unique spectrum, or “fingerprint”, with specific absorbance peaks from their different chemical compositions. Accordingly, THC, CBD, CBG, CBN, etc. are all detectible by measuring the absorbance pattern characteristic of each molecule. Many other compounds also occur within cannabis that are important to its overall quality and resulting effects.
  • a calibration curve can be generated allowing the quantification of each cannabinoid or other molecule (e.g., the %w/w content).
  • the quality detection unit 100 can be configured to use IR absorption spectroscopy for analyzing cannabis, e.g., identify and quantify the cannabinoids and other target molecules within a sample that contribute to the overall quality of the cannabis product.
  • IR spectroscopy uses infrared light covering a range of wavelengths of interest be directed onto the sample. These wavelengths of interest (specific to the target molecules) are scanned using a monochromator as part of the detector 102. The resulting spectrum can be analyzed to determine the presence of the target molecule(s), including phytochemicals or water content.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing a representative IR measurement of two target molecules within a cannabis product.
  • the quality detection unit 100 can be configured to use Raman spectroscopy instead of IR absorption spectroscopy.
  • the quality detection unit 100 using Raman spectroscopy or scattering is similar to one based on based on IR absorption.
  • Raman scatering is an inelastic scatering process in which the light scatered by a molecule within a sample (e.g., a cannabinoid) emerges having an energy level that is slightly different (more or less) than the incident light (e.g., from the illumination source 106).
  • Raman spectroscopy can provide optical fingerprints by which molecules can be identified, for example THC, CBD, CBG, CBN, terpenes, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, beta-carotene, etc.
  • FIG. 5 shows example Raman spectrographs with peaks at different Raman shifts, indicating that specific target molecules are present in the samples tested.
  • a frequency shift is chosen which is particular to the target and does not coincide with any of the Raman shifts of other molecules that may be found in the sample.
  • the illumination source 106 can be a laser or an LED source that provides the incident light for the molecules to scater from within the product sample 212.
  • a 1064 nm laser may be used, although other wavelengths are also possible, e.g., 975 nm or 1030 nm.
  • detectors 102 For detecting cannabis-related target molecules with Raman spectroscopy, various types of detectors 102 can be used. For example, a germanium photodiode detector that is sensitive in the spectral fingerprint region of organic molecules may be used in the quality detection unit 100.
  • the production systems 200, 250 shown in FIG. 2 can be implemented in a production system for testing the contents and quality of cannabis being manufactured in a number of ways.
  • FIG. 6A shows a production line 602 with the quality detection unit 100 configured for in-line measurement of the cannabis products 634 as they pass the quality detection unit 100.
  • the products 634 (or product stream in the case of cannabis in liquid form) are being processed at multiple stations, including an upstream production station 640 that is upstream of the quality detection unit 100 and a downstream production station 642 downstream of the quality detection unit 100 as they are conveyed past on the conveyor belt 614 or pipe 664 in the direction of travel 618.
  • the quality detection unit 100 is in series with the rest of the production line 602 such that all the products 634 (or all product flow) being processed is within range of the quality detection unit 100.
  • the trigger 616 works with the controller (e.g., the controller 108 and/or the production controller 220 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B) to take spectroscopic data of all of the products 634 as they pass, or only some of the products as they pass. That is, only a subset of the products 634 are subjected to illumination by the illumination source 106 within the quality detection unit 100 such that electromagnetic radiation 636 is detected from at particular product sample 612.
  • the triggering can occur at different time periods. For example, every minute, every 30 minutes, every hour, at the beginning, middle, and end of a batch run, etc.
  • FIG. 6B shows a production line 602 with the quality detection unit 100 configured for on-line measurement of the cannabis products 634 as they pass the quality detection unit 100.
  • the products 634 are processed at an upstream production station and a downstream production station 642 they are conveyed past on the conveyor belt or pipe.
  • the quality detection unit 100 makes spectroscopic measurements in a secondary loop 638 that diverts some sample material (e.g., product samples 612) fortesting from the remainder ofthe products 634, e.g., in parallel with the rest of the production line 602. Such sampled material can be discarded or rejoined with the remaining products in the production line 602.
  • sample material e.g., product samples 612
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B while an upstream production station 640 and a downstream production station 642 are shown, multiple stations upstream or downstream within the production line 602 are possible, or only stations upstream or downstream of the quality detection unit are also possible. Other variations are also possible, for example where multiple quality detector units can be integrated within one production line.
  • At-line measurements using the spectroscopic techniques described can also occur. These at-line measurement are measurements in which a sample is transferred from the production line to a quality detection unit 100 that is in physical proximity to the production line 602. An off-line measurement occurs when a sample is removed from the production line and analyzed at a different location, in contrast to what the systems described herein permit.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B relate to example implementations as part of an automated production line 202 or production line 252. Different actions can then be taken depending on the response of the quality detection unit 100.
  • the response can be provided by various indicators, such as a speaker to provide different audible indicators for different qualities, lights to provide different visual indicators for different qualities, and/or a monitor or other type of display screen to provide more detailed information as to quality and content of the sampled product.
  • the controller 108 of the quality detection unit 100 determines a response based on a characteristic of the sample product from the electromagnetic signal captured from the cannabis sample.
  • This electromagnetic pattern can be indicative of the content of the cannabis material.
  • the content of the cannabis material can be determined in various ways.
  • the electromagnetic radiation detected by the detector 102 can yield a shift in energy of the incident light (e.g., monochromatic light from the illumination source 106). If that shift in energy is beyond a range or beyond a range or beyond a threshold (determined and calibrated for various target molecules that are of interest), then the quality detection unit 100 provides a response about the associated compound.
  • the electromagnetic radiation detected by the detector 102 can yield an absorption of energy at particular wavelengths relative to the incident light (e.g., IR light from the illumination source 106). If that absorption dip is beyond a threshold (determined and calibrated for various target molecules), then the quality detection unit 100 provides a response about the associated compound.
  • a threshold determined and calibrated for various target molecules
  • the response determined by the controller 108 can include an indication of the content of the cannabis material, including the presence and amount of various cannabinoids, other organic compounds, water, etc.
  • subsequent handling of the product is controlled by a grader 232 (indicated in FIG. 2A and 2B) based on the response of the quality detection unit.
  • Such subsequent handling can include one or more of the following, for example: grading of the product, screening out lower quality products by flagging them to diverting them from the remainder of the production line.
  • the grader 232 can be separate from the other components of the production system 200 or can be integrated with one or both of the production controller 220 and the processor 104.
  • the grader 232 can use the response concerning the contents of a product sample 612 (or equivalently product sample 212) to make a determination as to the quality of the product sample. If one or more thresholds are met (for example, the THC content is found to be within a specific band of concentration or water content is found to exceed a threshold amount), then that product is assigned a rating.
  • the rating can be that the product sample 612 (and by extension, the other products 634 associated with the tested product sample 612) is graded A, graded B, or designated as unacceptable, for instance.
  • the grader 232 can be in communication with an additional production line camera downstream of the quality detection unit. If the grader 232 determines that there is a problem with a specific product sample 212, the production line camera can be configured to take (additional) signals of the product sample 212, for further assessment.
  • attribute determination can be of commercial value to harvesters in that they can be more selective in the items that are harvested or conditions under which they are grown. Higher quality items can be harvested and sold, and lower quality items can be identified as such. This can increase a harvester’s product value and revenue.
  • the processor 104 can detect a characteristic of a pattern indicative of the presence of a first cannabinoid of a product from a captured visible spectrum image, a second characteristic of a signal indicative of a different cannabinoid from a captured infrared spectrum signal, and/or a characteristic of a pattern indicative of water content from a captured ultraviolet spectrum signal.
  • the same or different patterns can be used in visible spectrum, infrared spectrum, and/or ultraviolet spectrum images.
  • the same or a different pattern can be prominent in visible spectrum images and a characteristic such as color can be detected by the processor 104 in those images.
  • Different spectra and/or pattern characteristics might be prominent in different signals of the same type, and that multiple signals, such as multiple infrared signals from different angles for instance, can be captured by the detector 102 (or multiple detectors) and subjected to detection by the processor 104.
  • the patterns can be spikes or dips in signals detected.
  • the techniques disclosed herein can be applied in visible spectrum imaging, infrared imaging, or ultraviolet spectrum imaging, or multiple types of imaging can be used in some embodiments in determining cannabinoid contents and/or other attributes.
  • a captured image of one type can be subtracted from a captured image of another type, for instance, to facilitate detection of features or attributes of interest in the resultant processed image.
  • the quality detection unit 100 detects the absence of scattered light at a frequency corresponding to one of the dips in transmission associated with the molecule’s different vibrational states.
  • the detection of electromagnetic radiation from the product sample 212 is simulated by infrared Fourier Transform spectroscopy, which allows for all frequencies to be collected simultaneously in a large range.
  • Characterization of cannabis products can also be implemented in a mobile phone or other handheld device.
  • a mobile phone software application can use a built-in camera (with no IR filter and possibly modified to filter out visible light if infrared imaging is used) to detect quality. This type of implementation might be useful not only in a production environment, but also for consumers to determine quality prior to purchase.
  • a mobile phone software application can communicate with a server or other component of a seafood processor, distributor, or retailer system, through an HTML website for example, which can verify a consumer’s subscription, perform signal analysis, and send results back to the phone.
  • the terms “around”, “about” or “approximately” shall generally mean within the error margin generally accepted in the art. Hence, numerical quantities given herein generally include such error margin such that the terms “around”, “about” or “approximately” can be inferred if not expressly stated.

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Abstract

La présente divulgation concerne la formation d'images pour la détermination d'attributs de cannabinoïdes. Par exemple, l'invention concerne un système qui comprend une chaîne de production pour fabriquer un produit de cannabis à partir d'une substance de cannabis; et une unité de spectroscopie fonctionnellement couplée à la chaîne de production, l'unité de spectroscopie étant conçue pour : capturer un rayonnement électromagnétique de la substance de cannabis, détecter, à partir du rayonnement électromagnétique capturé, une caractéristique d'un motif électromagnétique dans la substance de cannabis indiquant une teneur en molécules cibles de la substance de cannabis, la teneur en molécules cibles étant associée à un marqueur de qualité de la substance de cannabis, et fournir une réponse au marqueur de qualité de la substance de cannabis sur la base de la détection.
PCT/CA2021/051456 2020-10-19 2021-10-18 Utilisation de la spectroscopie dans la fabrication de produits de consommation à base de cannabis Ceased WO2022082299A1 (fr)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2976004A1 (fr) * 2015-02-05 2016-08-11 Colorado Can Llc Cbd et cbda purifies, et procedes, compositions et produits les utilisant
WO2020012029A1 (fr) * 2018-07-13 2020-01-16 Spectralys Innovation Dispositif d'analyse de grains par spectroscopie de fluorescence et infrarouge

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2976004A1 (fr) * 2015-02-05 2016-08-11 Colorado Can Llc Cbd et cbda purifies, et procedes, compositions et produits les utilisant
WO2020012029A1 (fr) * 2018-07-13 2020-01-16 Spectralys Innovation Dispositif d'analyse de grains par spectroscopie de fluorescence et infrarouge

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