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WO2022062322A1 - Procédé et système de prévention d'emballement thermique d'une batterie - Google Patents

Procédé et système de prévention d'emballement thermique d'une batterie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022062322A1
WO2022062322A1 PCT/CN2021/078626 CN2021078626W WO2022062322A1 WO 2022062322 A1 WO2022062322 A1 WO 2022062322A1 CN 2021078626 W CN2021078626 W CN 2021078626W WO 2022062322 A1 WO2022062322 A1 WO 2022062322A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
battery pack
cell
pack
module
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/078626
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李晓辉
杨博智
张臣
朱睿明
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd filed Critical Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd
Priority to CN202180001790.3A priority Critical patent/CN114600301B/zh
Publication of WO2022062322A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022062322A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
    • H01M10/667—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an electronic component, e.g. a CPU, an inverter or a capacitor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H01M2200/106—PTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00309—Overheat or overtemperature protection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of battery safety, and in particular, to a method and system for preventing thermal runaway of a battery.
  • the present invention provides a method for preventing thermal runaway of a battery, comprising: detecting or predicting whether each battery cell or battery module of a battery pack is at risk of thermal runaway; and in response to detecting a thermal runaway risk; Or predict that at least one battery cell or battery module of the battery pack is at risk of thermal runaway, and transfer the battery energy of at least one battery cell or battery module to the battery pack or another battery pack as thermal energy or electrical energy.
  • detecting or predicting whether each battery cell or battery module of a battery pack has a risk of thermal runaway includes: collecting information about each battery cell or battery module in the battery pack; information to detect or predict whether each battery cell or battery module of the battery pack is at risk of thermal runaway.
  • transferring battery energy of at least one battery cell or battery module to the battery pack or another battery pack as thermal or electrical energy comprises at least one of: a first transfer mode, which passes A battery coolant circuit for the battery pack or another battery pack transfers battery energy of at least one battery cell or battery module to the battery pack or another battery pack as thermal energy; a second transfer mode, which is by attaching to a heating element on a battery side wall of a battery cell or battery module of the battery pack or another battery pack to transfer the battery energy of at least one battery cell or battery module to the battery pack or another battery pack as thermal energy; A third transfer mode that charges the battery pack or another battery pack by discharging and recovering battery energy of the at least one battery cell or battery module to charge the battery pack or another battery pack by means of the at least one step-up DC/DC converter.
  • the battery energy of the cell or battery module is transferred as electrical energy to the battery pack or to another battery pack.
  • At least one battery cell or battery module in the first transfer mode, is connected to at least one element connected to a battery of the battery pack or another battery pack In or connected to the coolant circuit: heating units, coolant pumps, traction motors, inverters, chargers.
  • the heating device includes at least one of the following: a resistance heater, a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heater, a high voltage (HV) heater; Threshold efficiency to operate the traction motor and inverter as a heat generating device.
  • PTC positive temperature coefficient
  • HV high voltage
  • At least one element in or connected to the battery coolant circuit connected to the battery pack or another battery pack needs to be higher than the at least one battery cell or battery module.
  • the at least one battery cell or battery module is connected to the at least one element through at least one step-up DC/DC converter, which converts the at least one battery cell or the voltage of the battery module is increased to the voltage required by the at least one element.
  • the at least one battery cell or battery module in the second transfer mode, communicates with a battery sidewall of a battery cell or battery module attached to the battery pack or another battery pack connected to the heating element.
  • the heating element comprises at least one of a resistance heater, a resistance heating element.
  • the at least one battery cell or battery module in the third transfer mode, is connected to the entire battery pack, or another battery pack, through at least one step-up DC/DC converter, Or a group of battery cells or battery modules in the battery pack, or a group of battery cells or battery modules in another battery pack.
  • the first transfer mode or the second transfer mode is employed where the battery pack or another battery pack is located in an environment with a temperature below a temperature threshold; and/or, in A third transfer mode is employed without thermal management being provided to the battery pack or to another battery pack.
  • the present invention provides a system for preventing thermal runaway of a battery, comprising: a battery pack having a plurality of battery cells or battery modules; The individual battery cells or battery modules of the battery pack are connected and used to control the individual battery cells or battery modules of the battery pack upon receipt of the activation command to the protection circuit connection, detection and prediction element configured to detect or predict the whether each battery cell or battery module of the battery pack is at risk of thermal runaway, and in response to detecting or predicting that at least one battery cell or battery module of the battery pack is at risk of thermal runaway, sending an activation instruction to the at least one battery pack Each switch or pair of switches corresponding to one battery cell or battery module; when connected to the at least one battery cell or battery module, the protection circuit uses the battery energy of the at least one battery cell or battery module as thermal energy or electrical energy to the battery pack or to another battery pack.
  • the detection and prediction element is configured to detect or predict whether each battery cell or battery module of the battery pack is at risk of thermal runaway by collecting each of the battery packs Information of battery cells or battery modules; according to the collected information, detect or predict whether there is a risk of thermal runaway for each battery cell or battery module of the battery pack.
  • the protection circuit when connected to the at least one battery cell or battery module, diverts the battery energy of the at least one battery cell or battery module in at least one of the following modes Transfer as heat or electrical energy to the battery pack or another battery pack: a first transfer mode which transfers the battery energy of at least one battery cell or battery module through the battery coolant circuit for the battery pack or another battery pack As heat energy is transferred to the battery pack or to another battery pack; a second mode of transfer by heating elements attached to the battery side walls of cells or battery modules of the battery pack or another battery pack, at least The battery energy of one battery cell or battery module is transferred as thermal energy to the battery pack or the other battery pack; a third transfer mode, by discharging and recovering the battery energy of at least one battery cell or battery module, with the help of at least one liter
  • the voltage DC/DC converter charges the battery pack or another battery pack, and transfers the battery energy of at least one battery cell or battery module to the battery pack or another battery pack as electrical energy.
  • the protection circuit in the first transfer mode, includes at least one of the following elements connected to the battery coolant circuit of the battery pack or another battery pack or To connect with: heating unit, coolant pump, traction motor, inverter, charger.
  • the heating device includes at least one of the following: a resistance heater, a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heater, a high voltage (HV) heater; Threshold efficiency to operate the traction motor and inverter as a heat generating device.
  • PTC positive temperature coefficient
  • HV high voltage
  • At least one element in or connected to the battery coolant circuit connected to the battery pack or another battery pack needs to be higher than the at least one battery cell or battery module.
  • the at least one battery cell or battery module is connected to the at least one element through at least one step-up DC/DC converter, which converts the at least one battery cell or the voltage of the battery module is increased to the voltage required by the at least one element.
  • the protection circuit in the second delivery mode, includes a heating element attached to a battery sidewall of a battery cell or battery module of the battery pack or another battery pack.
  • the heating element comprises at least one of a resistance heater, a resistance heating element.
  • the protection circuit in the third transfer mode, includes at least one step-up DC/DC converter through which the at least one battery cell or battery module is boosted A type of DC/DC converter is connected to the entire battery pack, or another battery pack, or a group of battery cells or battery modules in said battery pack, or a group of battery cells or battery modules in another battery pack.
  • the first transfer mode or the second transfer mode is employed where the battery pack or another battery pack is located in an environment with a temperature below a temperature threshold; and/or, in A third transfer mode is employed without thermal management being provided to the battery pack or to another battery pack.
  • the detection and prediction element is connected to or located in a battery management system (BMS) of a battery pack.
  • BMS battery management system
  • FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for preventing thermal runaway of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a system for preventing thermal runaway of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figures 3(a) and 3(b) illustrate schematic diagrams of the inventive concept implementing Method 1, which illustrate how to control and dissipate energy from one of the plurality of battery cells to heat the battery pack;
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary flowchart of a possible control algorithm for the inventive concept of method one, which includes controlling the power of high-risk batteries to heat the battery pack;
  • 5(a) to 5(d) are schematic diagrams of the inventive concept implementing Method 2, showing how to control and dissipate the energy of one of the plurality of battery cells to heat the battery pack;
  • FIG. 6 shows an exemplary flow diagram of a possible control algorithm for the idea of method two, including controlling and dissipating power from high-risk batteries to heat the battery pack;
  • 7(a) and 7(b) are schematic diagrams of the inventive concept implementing method three, showing how to control and dissipate the energy of one of the plurality of battery cells to charge a battery pack or another battery pack;
  • FIG. 8 shows an exemplary flow chart of a possible control algorithm for the inventive concept of method three, which includes controlling the power of the high risk battery and charging the battery pack.
  • the embodiment of the present invention proposes a solution to prevent the thermal runaway of the battery cell from occurring after the battery cell is predicted to be at risk of thermal runaway.
  • the idea is to control and distribute the energy of a single hazardous battery (or hazardous module) to an entire power battery pack (or other battery pack, or a group of cells/modules in a battery pack, or a group of battery cells/modules in another battery pack) modules), using existing battery and battery thermal management systems (coolant circuits, coolant pumps, cooling plates, battery heaters, etc.). Once a battery cell is powered off, the chance of thermal runaway and propagation to adjacent cells is greatly reduced.
  • the energy of the battery cell or module in question can be transferred to the battery pack or other battery packs as thermal energy (through the battery coolant loop or sidewall heating elements) or electrical energy (through the charging circuit).
  • the thermal mass of the battery pack is usually several times (usually 10-100 times) the thermal mass of a single battery cell or module, so the power battery pack is naturally a large heat sink that absorbs the energy of the battery cells before thermal runaway occurs.
  • the entire thermal management system (coolant and electric motor/inverter/gearbox), and even the body can also be part of the radiator.
  • a battery pack as an electrical energy storage device can be used to store electrical energy released from a problem battery after a predicted thermal runaway of the battery.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for preventing thermal runaway of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the method for preventing thermal runaway of a battery includes the following steps S102 and S104.
  • step S102 whether there is a risk of thermal runaway in each battery cell or battery module of the battery pack is detected or predicted.
  • step S102 may be implemented in the following manner: collecting information of each battery cell or battery module of the battery pack; detecting or predicting each battery cell of the battery pack according to the collected information Or whether the battery module is at risk of thermal runaway.
  • step S102 may include at least one of the following operations.
  • an internal short circuit inside at least one battery cell or battery module is detected.
  • Various means are available to detect or predict an internal short circuit inside a battery cell or battery module.
  • the operation of detecting or predicting an internal short circuit within the at least one battery cell or battery module may include calculating real-time information for each battery cell of the battery pack, wherein the real-time information includes at least the following: One: partial derivative of voltage and time, real-time internal resistance, phase of real-time internal impedance; according to real-time information, determine whether each battery cell or battery module of the battery pack has a risk of thermal runaway.
  • the method for preventing thermal runaway of a battery in the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the specific method for detecting or predicting an internal short circuit.
  • unwanted lithium plating on the anode of at least one battery cell or battery module is detected.
  • Unwanted lithium plating on the anode of a battery cell or battery module can sometimes cause an internal short circuit followed by thermal runaway, or a rapid temperature rise followed by thermal runaway. Therefore, if energy can be removed from a cell or battery module when unwanted lithium plating on the cell anode is detected or predicted, it should prevent subsequent thermal runaway of the battery.
  • a preset temperature increase amount within a preset time period in at least one battery cell or battery module is detected. This operation is done to detect or predict a relatively rapid temperature increase in a battery cell or battery module, which is also a factor in the thermal runaway of the battery. Therefore, if energy can be removed from a battery cell or battery module when a preset temperature increase over a predetermined period of time is detected or predicted in at least one battery cell or battery module, it should be possible to prevent subsequent battery thermal runaway . There may be various means to detect or predict a rapid increase in temperature in at least one battery cell or battery module.
  • detecting or predicting a rapid temperature increase may include detecting a predetermined amount of temperature increase within a predetermined time period in at least one battery cell or battery module, where The specific values of the preset amount and the preset time period can be obtained through experiments or simulations, so that the abnormal temperature increase can be effectively and correctly detected or predicted.
  • step S104 in response to detecting or predicting a thermal runaway risk in at least one battery cell or battery module of the battery pack, transferring battery energy of at least one battery cell or battery module to the battery pack or another battery pack as thermal energy or electrical energy a battery pack.
  • battery energy of at least one battery cell or battery module may be transferred to a battery pack or another battery pack as thermal energy or electrical energy in at least one of the following modes.
  • the first transfer mode is to transfer the battery energy of at least one battery cell or battery module to the battery pack or another battery pack as thermal energy through the battery coolant circuit for the battery pack or another battery pack.
  • At least one battery cell or battery module may be connected to at least one of the following elements, which is connected to or connected to the battery coolant circuit of the battery pack or another battery pack: a heating device ( May include at least one of the following: resistance heaters, positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heaters, high voltage (HV) heaters, coolant pumps (to drive coolant flow in the battery coolant circuit so that exchanges can be components in or connected to the battery coolant circuit), traction motors, inverters (traction motors and inverters can operate with efficiencies below a preset efficiency threshold (e.g., zero torque results in zero efficiency) as heating device), charger.
  • a heating device May include at least one of the following: resistance heaters, positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heaters, high voltage (HV) heaters, coolant pumps (to drive coolant flow in the battery coolant circuit so that exchanges can be components in or connected to the battery coolant circuit), traction motors, inverters (traction motors and inverters can operate with efficiencies below a preset efficiency
  • At least one element in or connected to a battery coolant circuit connected to the battery pack or another battery pack requires a higher voltage than the at least one battery cell or battery module
  • the at least one battery cell or battery module can be connected to the at least one element via at least one step-up DC/DC converter, the step-up DC/DC converter The voltage of the at least one battery cell or battery module is increased to the voltage required by the at least one element.
  • the second transfer mode is to transfer the battery energy of at least one battery cell or battery module to the battery pack as thermal energy through a heating element attached to the side wall of the battery pack or a battery cell or battery module of another battery pack or another battery pack.
  • At least one battery cell or battery module may interact with a heating element (which may include a resistive heater, resistive heating element at least one of) is connected so that energy from at least one battery cell or battery module can be transferred to heat the battery pack or around a battery cell or battery module of another battery pack.
  • a heating element which may include a resistive heater, resistive heating element at least one of
  • the third transfer mode is to discharge and recover the battery energy of at least one battery cell or battery module, and transfer the battery energy of at least one battery cell or battery module to a battery pack or another battery pack as electrical energy, so as to use At least one step-up DC/DC converter charges the battery pack or another battery pack.
  • At least one battery cell or battery module may be connected to the entire battery pack, or another battery pack, or a group of battery cells or battery modules in a battery pack through at least one step-up DC/DC converter , or a group of battery cells or battery modules in another battery pack.
  • the first transfer mode and the second transfer mode are more suitable for a battery pack or another battery pack since they have the effect of converting the energy of a dangerous battery cell or battery module into heat It is located in an environment where the temperature is lower than the temperature threshold (which can be set according to actual requirements).
  • the third transfer mode may be employed for situations where the battery pack or another battery pack is located in an environment with a temperature above a temperature threshold, or where no thermal management is provided for the battery pack or another battery pack.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a system for preventing thermal runaway of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the system for preventing battery thermal runaway includes:
  • a battery pack 20 having a plurality of battery cells or battery modules 200;
  • a switch or pair of switches 22 (in FIG. 2 , a pair of switches 22 is shown connected to each battery cell or battery module 200 , it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the switch 22 is connected to each battery cell or battery module 200 The case of connection is conceivable) is connected with the individual battery cells or battery modules 200 of the battery pack 20, and is used to control the connection of the individual battery cells or battery modules 200 of the battery pack 20 to the protection circuit 26 after receiving the activation command, wherein each switch or pair of switches 22 disconnects the battery cell or battery module 200 corresponding to the switch or pair of switches 22 to the protection circuit 26 in an initial state, and turns on the switch in response to receiving an activation command or the connection of the battery cells or battery modules 200 corresponding to the pair of switches 22 to the protection circuit 26;
  • a detection and prediction element 24 (which may be connected to or located in the battery management system (BMS) of the battery pack 20 ) is configured to detect or predict whether each battery cell or battery module 200 of the battery pack 20 is There is a risk of thermal runaway, and in response to detecting or predicting that at least one battery cell or battery module 200 of the battery pack 20 is at risk of thermal runaway, an activation command is sent to each switch corresponding to the at least one battery cell or battery module 200 or Each pair of switches 22; the protection circuit 26, when connected to the at least one battery cell or battery module 200, transfers the battery energy of the at least one battery cell or battery module 200 to the battery pack 20 or another as thermal energy or electrical energy.
  • a battery pack 20 .
  • the detection and prediction component 24 may be configured to detect or predict whether each battery cell or battery module 200 of the battery pack 20 is at risk of thermal runaway by collecting the Information of each battery cell or battery module 200 ; based on the collected information, detecting or predicting whether each battery cell or battery module 200 of the battery pack 20 is at risk of thermal runaway.
  • the protection circuit 26 when the protection circuit 26 is connected to the at least one battery cell or battery module 200, it can use the battery energy of the at least one battery cell or battery module 200 as thermal energy or electrical energy in at least one of the following modes to the battery pack 20 or another battery pack 20 .
  • the first transfer mode is to transfer the battery energy of at least one battery cell or battery module 200 to the battery pack 20 or another battery pack as thermal energy through the battery coolant circuit for the battery pack 20 or another battery pack 20 20.
  • the protection circuit 26 includes at least one of the following elements connected to or connected to the battery coolant circuit of the battery pack 20 or another battery pack 20: a heating device (which may include at least one of the following : Resistance heaters, Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) heaters, High Voltage (HV) heaters, Coolant pumps (for driving the coolant flow in the battery coolant circuit so that exchanges can be made by connecting in the battery coolant circuit or components connected to it), traction motors, inverters (traction motors and inverters can operate with efficiencies below a preset efficiency threshold (e.g., zero torque results in zero efficiency) as heat-generating devices), chargers .
  • a heating device which may include at least one of the following : Resistance heaters, Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) heaters, High Voltage (HV) heaters, Coolant pumps (for driving the coolant flow in the battery coolant circuit so that exchanges can be made by connecting in the battery coolant circuit or components connected to it), traction motors, inverters (traction motor
  • the heating device includes at least one of: a resistance heater, a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heater, a high voltage (HV) heater; or by an efficiency below a preset efficiency threshold Run the traction motor and inverter as heat generating devices.
  • PTC positive temperature coefficient
  • HV high voltage
  • At least one element in or connected to the battery coolant circuit connected to the battery pack 20 or another battery pack 20 needs to be higher than the at least one battery cell or battery module
  • a voltage of 200 for example, if an HV heater is used as the heating device, the at least one battery cell or battery module 200 can be connected to the at least one element through at least one step-up DC/DC converter, which boosts the voltage.
  • a type DC/DC converter increases the voltage of the at least one battery cell or battery module 200 to a voltage required by the at least one element.
  • the second transfer mode is to use the battery energy of at least one battery cell or battery module 200 as thermal energy through a heating element attached to the side wall of the battery cell or battery module 200 of the battery pack 20 or another battery pack 20 to the battery pack 20 or to another battery pack 20 .
  • the protection circuit 26 includes a heating element (which may include a resistive heater, the at least one).
  • the third transfer mode is to transfer the battery energy of at least one battery cell or battery module 200 as electrical energy to the battery pack 20 or another battery pack by discharging and recovering the battery energy of at least one battery cell or battery module 200 20 to charge the battery pack 20 or another battery pack 20 by means of at least one step-up DC/DC converter.
  • the protection circuit 26 includes at least one step-up DC/DC converter through which at least one battery cell or battery module 200 can be connected to the entire battery pack 20, Or another battery pack 20 , or a group of battery cells or battery modules 200 in a battery pack 20 , or a group of battery cells or battery modules 200 in another battery pack 20 .
  • these two transfer modes are more suitable for the battery pack 20 or another The case where the battery pack 20 is located in an environment where the temperature is lower than a temperature threshold (which can be set according to actual requirements).
  • a third transfer mode may be employed for situations where the battery pack 20 or another battery pack 20 is located in an environment with a temperature above a temperature threshold, or where thermal management is not provided for the battery pack 20 or another battery pack 20 .
  • thermal runaway of the battery inside the dangerous battery cell or battery module 200 can be effectively prevented.
  • Modules or components described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate.
  • the part shown as a module may or may not be a physical module, that is, it can be placed in one location or distributed across multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules or elements may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the technical solution of the present invention.
  • all functional modules or elements in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module; or these modules or elements exist separately and physically; or two or more modules or elements are integrated into one module.
  • Integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional modules.
  • the energy of a single dangerous battery cell is transferred to the entire battery pack as heat through the existing battery coolant circuit, coolant pump, cooling plate, etc.;
  • the energy of a single hazardous battery cell is discharged and recovered to charge a battery pack or another battery pack with the aid of a DC/DC converter.
  • Figures 3(a) and 3(b) illustrate schematic diagrams of the inventive concept implementing Method 1, showing how the energy of one of the plurality of battery cells is controlled and dissipated to heat the battery pack.
  • the circuits shown in Figures 3(a) and 3(b) (eg, with each battery cell connected to one or two switches) are independent of the original battery electrical connections.
  • Figures 3(a) and 3(b) show only one example of an implementation, and many other similar variations are possible.
  • the battery coolant circuit is used for the conventional purpose of battery thermal management.
  • resistance heaters or PTC heaters are used to heat the coolant in the coolant circuit to pretreat battery packs in cold weather.
  • the cell is immediately connected to a resistance heater or PTC heater.
  • a DC-DC converter can be used to increase the battery cell voltage to an appropriate value to dissipate the battery cell energy to the battery heater . It is also possible to add a low pressure coolant heater (with a voltage that matches the cell voltage) so that the cell energy can be drained directly to that particular coolant heater without the need for a DC-DC converter. In most cases, the coolant pump can easily be powered by the 12V DC low voltage battery on the vehicle.
  • a DC-DC converter may be required to boost the cell voltage to the desired high level. If a low voltage heater is used, a DC-DC converter is not required.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary flowchart of a possible control algorithm for the inventive concept of method one, wherein the power of the high risk battery is controlled to heat the battery pack.
  • This algorithm is just one example of a control algorithm. Various other algorithms are possible.
  • an algorithm is used to calculate key information related to battery thermal runaway detection.
  • a protection circuit is attached to the dangerous battery (connecting a heater, a DC/DC converter, a coolant pump, etc.).
  • the battery pack is heated by the electric energy from the battery cells through the existing battery coolant circuit.
  • the coolant circuit of the power battery pack can also be connected in series with the traction motor, inverter, DC/DC converter, charger or other components.
  • the battery cooling circuit and electric motor/inverter can be connected in series or parallel.
  • other components can also be used as a heat sink, which can further increase the total thermal mass (heat absorption capacity) of the heat sink.
  • FIGS. 5(a) to 5(d) are schematic diagrams of the inventive concept implementing Method 2, which illustrate how the energy of one of the plurality of battery cells is controlled and dissipated to heat the battery pack.
  • Figures 5(a) to 5(d) eg, each battery cell is connected to one or two switches
  • no coolant circuit is used for conventional purposes of battery thermal management (eg, a refrigerant circuit is used for battery thermal management). Instead, attach some resistive heaters or heating elements to the battery sidewalls to pre-treat the battery pack in cold weather. When a potential thermal runaway warning of a battery cell is detected, the battery cell is immediately connected to a resistive heater or heating element.
  • FIG. 6 shows an exemplary flowchart of a possible control algorithm for the inventive concept of method two, wherein the electrical energy of the high risk battery is controlled and dissipated to heat the battery pack.
  • This algorithm is just one example of a control algorithm. Various other algorithms are possible.
  • the external heating element is connected to the battery with the TR warning.
  • the battery pack is heated with power from the battery with the TR warning.
  • FIGS. 7(a) and 7(b) are schematic diagrams of the inventive concept implementing method three, showing how energy from one of the plurality of battery cells is controlled and dissipated to heat a battery pack or another battery pack.
  • Figures 7(a) and 7(b) eg, each cell contains two switches
  • the battery system has no thermal management. This could be due to lack of space or other reasons. In this case, thermal runaway could still occur in one of the battery cells.
  • the energy of the problem cell is controlled to charge the entire pack or a group of cells (eg, other cells/modules in a power pack). If desired, several DC/DC converters can be provided to increase the voltage to the desired level.
  • the batteries to be charged can be other battery cells or other modules of the same battery pack, or other battery modules/packs. Note that this method will not work when all battery cells are 100% charged, which is very rare. What is shown in the figures is only one example of an implementation and many other variations are possible.
  • FIG. 8 shows an exemplary flowchart of a possible control algorithm for the inventive concept of method three, wherein the power of the high risk battery is controlled to charge the battery pack.
  • the following is just an example of the control algorithm.
  • This algorithm is just one example of a control algorithm.
  • Various other algorithms are possible.
  • a protection circuit is connected to a battery at risk of thermal runaway.
  • the protection circuit converts the low voltage direct current to high voltage direct current.
  • the battery coolant circuit does not have a specified resistive heater (eg, PTC heaters, ribbon heaters, film heaters used in most EVs).
  • a specified resistive heater eg, PTC heaters, ribbon heaters, film heaters used in most EVs.
  • the drive unit inverter + electric motor + gearbox
  • low efficiency such as zero torque (zero efficiency) or low torque (low efficiency)
  • waste heat from the motor/inverter is used to heat the battery pack through the coolant loop.
  • the energy of the dangerous battery cells can be dissipated directly to the motor/inverter.
  • the system will operate in the original waste heat mode. No PTC heater required.
  • the battery unit drains all the power to the drive unit, which can transfer heat to the battery pack through the existing battery coolant circuit. In fact, the drive unit has a large thermal mass and can act as a heat sink in addition to the battery pack. A DC converter may be required.
  • An attached battery heater can be added through which the battery can be used to heat the coolant circuit without running the electric motor. It's like a normal vehicle without waste heat mode.
  • inventive concepts mentioned in this application can be applied to prevent various failures of battery cells, including but not limited to thermal runaway due to internal short circuits, lithium dendrite growth, or other mechanisms.
  • the problem battery cell can be replaced by a problem module, and the energy dissipation concepts above will still apply.
  • the concept can also be applied to other types of lithium-ion batteries in other application fields, such as mobile phones, laptops, portable devices, energy storage stations, power banks, electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric robots, etc.
  • the proposed method contains hardware (DC/DC converters, heaters, switches, etc.) and control algorithms.
  • the hardware will be installed on electric vehicles (or other related devices).
  • the solutions of the embodiments of the present invention use existing batteries and battery thermal management systems (coolant circuits, coolant pumps, cooling plates, battery heaters, etc.), or by using the electrical energy of hazardous battery cells/modules for
  • the battery pack or another battery pack is charged to control and dissipate the energy of a single hazardous battery cell/module (or multiple hazardous battery cells/modules) to the entire power battery pack (or another battery pack).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un système de prévention d'emballement thermique d'une batterie. Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes : la détection et la prédiction de la présence d'un risque d'emballement thermique dans chaque cellule de batterie ou module de batterie d'une batterie; et en réponse à la présence d'un risque d'emballement thermique détecté ou prédit dans une cellule de batterie et/ou un module de batterie de la batterie, le transfert, sous forme d'énergie thermique ou d'énergie électrique, de l'énergie de batterie de la cellule de batterie et/ou du module de batterie à la batterie ou à une autre batterie.
PCT/CN2021/078626 2020-09-23 2021-03-02 Procédé et système de prévention d'emballement thermique d'une batterie Ceased WO2022062322A1 (fr)

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US17/030,366 2020-09-23
US17/030,366 US11626627B2 (en) 2020-09-23 2020-09-23 Method and system for preventing battery thermal runaway

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