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WO2022058327A1 - Urées et dérivés substitués en tant que nouveaux agents antifongiques - Google Patents

Urées et dérivés substitués en tant que nouveaux agents antifongiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022058327A1
WO2022058327A1 PCT/EP2021/075279 EP2021075279W WO2022058327A1 WO 2022058327 A1 WO2022058327 A1 WO 2022058327A1 EP 2021075279 W EP2021075279 W EP 2021075279W WO 2022058327 A1 WO2022058327 A1 WO 2022058327A1
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formula
alkyl
compound
group
cycloalkyl
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Inventor
Philippe Desbordes
Christophe Dubost
Jérémy DUFOUR
Andreas GÖRTZ
Mathieu Gourgues
Virginie LEMPEREUR
Dominique Loque
Sébastien NAUD
Vincent Thomas
Valérie TOQUIN
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Bayer AG
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Bayer AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
    • C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D215/38—Nitrogen atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
    • A01N47/36—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< directly attached to at least one heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D241/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings
    • C07D241/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D241/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atoms
    • C07D241/40—Benzopyrazines
    • C07D241/44—Benzopyrazines with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D409/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to substituted ureas and derivatives thereof, useful as fungicides in crop protection. It also relates to their use as fungicides and compositions comprising those.
  • JP2005206517 and JP2003212864 disclose urea derivatives suitable for use as fungicides.
  • WO2020/244968 A1 discloses pyridine derivatives of the general formula wherein R 2 and R 3 can form, together with the pyridine ring, a quinoline ring and wherein Y can be a substituted nitrogen.
  • WO2019/038214 A1 discloses quinoxaline derivatives of the general formula: and the use of the compounds for the treatment and/or prevention of hyperproliferative or infectious diseases and disorders in mammals, especially humans, and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compound.
  • R 2 is defined very broadly. There is no indication that any of the disclosed compounds may have any antifungal efficacy.
  • fungicidal compounds as such, so as to provide compounds being effective against a broad spectrum of fungi, having lower toxicity, higher selectivity, being used at lower dosage rate to reduce or avoid unfavorable environmental or toxicological effects whilst still allowing effective pest control. It may also be desired to have new compounds to prevent the emergence of fungicides resistances.
  • the present invention provides new fungicidal compounds which have advantages over known compounds and compositions in at least some of these aspects.
  • the present invention relates to compounds of the formula (I): wherein W 1 , Z, Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , T, X 1 , X 2 , Q 1 , Q 2 and A are as recited herein, as well as their salts, N- oxides and solvates.
  • the present invention furthermore relates to compositions comprising at least one compound of formula (I) as defined herein and at least one agriculturally suitable auxiliary.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of a compound of formula (I) as defined herein or a composition as defined herein for controlling phytopathogenic microorganisms in agriculture.
  • the present invention also relates to processes and intermediates for preparing compounds of formula (I) as disclosed herein.
  • halogen refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom.
  • oxo refers to an oxygen atom which is bound to a carbon atom or sulfur atom via a double bound.
  • C 1 -C 8 -alkyl refers to a saturated, branched or straight hydrocarbon chain having 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of C 1 -C 8 -alkyl include but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl (n-propyl), 1 -methylethyl (iso-propyl), butyl (n-butyl), 1 -methylpropyl (sec-butyl), 2- methylpropyl (iso-butyl), 1 ,1 -dimethylethyl (tert-butyl), pentyl, 1 -methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3- methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1 -ethylpropyl, 1 ,1 -dimethylpropyl, 1 ,2-dimethylpropyl, hexyl, 1- methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl,
  • said hydrocarbon chain has 1 , 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms (“C 1 -C 4 -alkyl”), e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl or tert-butyl.
  • C 1 -C 4 -alkyl e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl or tert-butyl.
  • C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl refers to an unsaturated, branched or straight hydrocarbon chain having 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms and comprising at least one double bond.
  • Examples of C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl include but are not limited to ethenyl (or "vinyl"), prop-2-en-1-yl (or “allyl”), prop-1 -en-1-yl, but-3-enyl, but-2-enyl, but-1-enyl, pent-4-enyl, pent-3-enyl, pent-2-enyl, pent-1 -enyl, hex-5-enyl, hex-4- enyl, hex-3-enyl, hex-2-enyl, hex-1 -enyl, prop-1 -en-2-yl (or “isopropenyl”), 2-methylprop-2-enyl, 1- methylprop-2-enyl
  • C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl refers to a branched or straight hydrocarbon chain having 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms and comprising at least one triple bond.
  • Examples of C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl include but are not limited to ethynyl, prop-1 -ynyl, prop-2-ynyl (or “propargyl"), but-1-ynyl, but-2-ynyl, but-3-ynyl, pent-1 -ynyl, pent-2-ynyl, pent-3-ynyl, pent-4-ynyl, hex-1 -ynyl, hex-2-ynyl, hex-3-ynyl, hex-4-ynyl, hex-5- ynyl, 1-methylprop-2-ynyl, 2-methylbut-3-ynyl, 1-methylbut-3-ynyl, 1-methylmethylbut-3-y
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkyl refers to a C 1 -C 8 -alkyl group as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkyl comprises up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different.
  • C 2 -C 8 -halogenoalkenyl refers to a “C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl group as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkenyl comprises up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different.
  • C 2 -C 8 -halogenoalkynyl refers to a C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl group as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkynyl comprises up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different.
  • C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy refers to a group of formula (C 1 -C 8 -alkyl)-O-, in which the term “C 1 -C 8 -alkyl” is as defined herein.
  • C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy examples include but are not limited to methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1 -methylethoxy, n-butoxy, 1 -methylpropoxy, 2-methylpropoxy, 1 ,1 -dimethylethoxy, n-pentoxy, 1 -methylbutoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, 3-methylbutoxy, 2,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1 -ethylpropoxy, 1 ,1- dimethylpropoxy, 1 ,2-dimethylpropoxy, n-hexyloxy, 1 -methylpentoxy, 2-methylpentoxy, 3- methylpentoxy, 4-methylpentoxy, 1 ,1 -dimethylbutoxy, 1 ,2-dimethylbutoxy, 1 ,3-dimethylbutoxy, 2,2- dimethylbutoxy, 2,3-dimethylbutoxy, 3,3-dimethylbutoxy, 1 -ethylbutoxy, 2-ethylbutoxy, 1 ,1 ,2- tri
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenalkoxy refers to a C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy group as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkoxy examples include but are not limited to ch loro meth oxy, bromomethoxy, dichloromethoxy, trichloromethoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, chlorofluoromethoxy, dichlorofluoromethoxy, chlorodifluoromethoxy, 1 -chloroethoxy, 1 -bromoethoxy, 1- fluoroethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloro- 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy and 1 ,1 ,1- trifluoroprop-2-oxy.
  • C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfanyl refers to a saturated, linear or branched group of formula (C 1 -C 8 -alkyl)-S-, in which the term “C 1 -C 8 -alkyl” is as defined herein.
  • C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfanyl examples include but are not limited to methylsulfanyl, ethylsulfanyl, propylsulfanyl, isopropylsulfanyl, butylsulfanyl, sec-butylsulfanyl, isobutylsulfanyl, tert-butylsulfanyl, pentylsulfanyl, isopentylsulfanyl, hexylsulfanyl group.
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkylsulfanyl refers to a C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfanyl as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
  • C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfinyl include but are not limited to saturated, straight-chain or branched alkylsulfinyl radicals having 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 6 and more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, for example (but not limited to) methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, propylsulfinyl, 1 -methylethylsulfinyl, butylsulfinyl, 1 -methylpropylsulfinyl, 2- methylpropylsulfinyl, 1 ,1 -dimethylethylsulfinyl, pentylsulfinyl, 1 -methylbutylsulfinyl, 2-methylbutylsulfinyl, 3-methylbutylsulfinyl, 2,2-dimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1 -ethylpropylsulfin
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkylsulfinyl refers to a C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfinyl as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
  • C 1 -C 8 - alkylsulfonyl examples include but are not limited to methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, propylsulfonyl, 1 -methylethylsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl, 1 -methylpropylsulfonyl, 2-methylpropylsulfonyl, 1 ,1 -dimethylethylsulfonyl, pentylsulfonyl, 1 -methylbutylsulfonyl, 2-methylbutylsulfonyl, 3-methylbutylsulfonyl, 2,2- dimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1 -ethylpropylsulfonyl, 1 ,1-dimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1 ,2-dimethylpropylsulfonyl, hexylsulfonyl, 1
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkylsulfonyl refers to a C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfonyl as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkylcarbonyl refers to a C 1 -C 8 -alkylcarbonyl as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkoxycarbonyl refers to a C 1 -C 8 -alkoxycarbonyl as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
  • non-aromatic C 3 -C 12 -carbocycle refers to a non-aromatic, saturated or unsaturated, hydrocarbon ring system in which all of the ring members, which vary from 3 to 12, are carbon atoms.
  • the ring system may be monocyclic or polycyclic (fused, spiro or bridged).
  • polycyclic non-aromatic C 3 -C 12 -carbocycle include non-aromatic bicyclic C 7 -C 12 -carbocycle.
  • Non- aromatic C 3 -C 12 -carbocycles include but are not limited to C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (mono or bicyclic), C3-C12- cycloalkenyl (mono or bicyclic), bicyclic system comprising an aryl (e.g. phenyl) fused to a monocyclic C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl (e.g. tetrahydronaphthalenyl, indanyl), bicyclic system comprising an aryl (e.g. phenyl) fused to a monocyclic C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkenyl (e.g.
  • indenyl, dihydronaphthalenyl) and tricyclic system comprising a cyclopropyl connected through one carbon atom to a bicyclic system comprising an aryl (e.g. phenyl) fused to a monocyclic C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl or to a monocyclic C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkenyl.
  • aryl e.g. phenyl
  • the non- aromatic C 3 -C 12 -carbocycle can be attached to the parent molecular moiety through any carbon atom.
  • C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl refers to a saturated, monovalent, mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring which contains 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 carbon atoms.
  • C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl designates monocyclic C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyls which include but are not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl.
  • bicyclic C 6 -C 12 -cycloalkyls include but are not limited to bicyclo[3.1 ,1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, bicyclo[3.2.2]- nonane, bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, bicyclo[4.2.0]octyl, octahydropentalenyl and bicyclo[4.2.1]nonane.
  • C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkenyl refers to an unsaturated, monovalent, mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring which contains 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 carbon atoms.
  • monocyclic C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkenyl group include but are not limited to cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl and cyclooctenyl group.
  • Examples of bicyclic C 6 -C 12 -cycloalkenyl group include but are not limited to bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-enyl or bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-enyl.
  • aromatic C 6 -C 14 -carbocycle or “aryl” or “C 6 -C 14 aryl” as used herein refers to an aromatic hydrocarbon ring system in which all of the ring members, which vary from 6 to 14, preferably from 6 to 10, are carbon atoms.
  • the ring system may be monocyclic or fused polycyclic (e.g. bicyclic or tricyclic).
  • Examples of aryl include but are not limited to phenyl, azulenyl, naphthyl and fluorenyl.
  • the aryl can be attached to the parent molecular moiety through any carbon atom.
  • non-aromatic 3- to 10-membered heterocycle or “heterocyclyl” as used herein refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated non-aromatic ring system comprising 1 to 4, or 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. If the ring system contains more than one oxygen atoms, they are not directly adjacent.
  • Non aromatic heterocycles include but are not limited to 3- to 7-membered monocyclic non-aromatic heterocycles and 6- to 10-membered polycyclic (e.g. bicyclic or tricyclic) non-aromatic heterocycles.
  • the non-aromatic 3- to 10-membered heterocycle can be connected to the parent molecular moiety through any carbon atom or nitrogen atom contained within the heterocycle.
  • non-aromatic 3- to 7-membered monocyclic heterocycle refers to a 3-, 4-, 5- , 6- or 7-membered monocyclic ring system containing 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur where the ring system is saturated or unsaturated but not aromatic.
  • the heterocycle may comprise one to three nitrogen atoms, or one or two oxygen atoms, or one or two sulfur atoms, or one to three nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, or one to three nitrogen atoms and a sulfur atom or one sulfur atom and one oxygen atom.
  • saturated non-aromatic heterocycles include but are not limited to 3-membered ring such as oxiranyl, aziridinyl, 4-membered ring such as azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, 5-membered ring such as tetrahydrofuranyl, 1 ,3-dioxolanyl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, triazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, oxadiazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, thiadiazolidinyl, 6- membered ring such as piperidinyl, hexahydropyridazinyl, hexahydropyrimidinyl, piperazinyl, triazinanyl, hexahydro
  • unsaturated non-aromatic hererocyles include but are not limited to 5- membered ring such as dihydrofuranyl, 1 ,3-dioxolyl, dihydrothienyl, pyrrolinyl, dihydroimidazolyl, dihydropyrazolyl, isoxazolinyl, dihydrooxazolyl, dihydrothiazolyl or 6-membered ring such as pyranyl, thiopyranyl, thiazinyl and thiadiazinyl.
  • 5- membered ring such as dihydrofuranyl, 1 ,3-dioxolyl, dihydrothienyl, pyrrolinyl, dihydroimidazolyl, dihydropyrazolyl, isoxazolinyl, dihydrooxazolyl, dihydrothiazolyl or 6-membered ring such as pyranyl, thiopyranyl, thiazinyl and
  • the two substituents together with the nitrogen atom to which they are linked can form a heterocyclyl group, preferably a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclyl group, that can be substituted or that can include other hetero atoms, for example a morpholino group, a thiomorpholine group, a piperazine group or piperidinyl group.
  • non-aromatic 6- to 10-membered polycyclic heterocycle refers to a 6-, 7-, 8- , 9-, 10-membered polycyclic (e.g. bicyclic or tricyclic) ring system containing 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur where the ring system is saturated or unsaturated but not aromatic.
  • Non-aromatic bicyclic heterocycles may consist of a monocyclic heteroaryl as defined herein fused to a monocyclic C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, a monocyclic C 3 -C 8 - cycloalkenyl or a monocyclic non-aromatic heterocycle or may consist of a monocyclic non-aromatic heterocycle fused either to an aryl (e.g. phenyl), a monocyclic C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, a monocyclic C 3 -C 8 - cycloalkenyl or a monocyclic non-aromatic heterocycle.
  • aryl e.g. phenyl
  • nitrogen atom may be at the bridgehead (e.g. 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridinyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridinyl, 5, 6,7,8- tetrahydroimidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridinyl).
  • Non-aromatic tricyclic heterocycles may consist of a monocyclic cycloalkyl connected through one common atom to a non-aromatic bicyclic heterocycle.
  • aromatic 5- to 14-membered heterocycle or “heteroaryl” or “5- to 14-membered heteroaryl” as used herein refers to an aromatic ring system comprising 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. If the ring system contains more than one oxygen atom, they are not directly adjacent.
  • Aromatic heterocycles include aromatic 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycles and 6- to 14-membered polycyclic (e.g. bicyclic or tricyclic) aromatic heterocycles.
  • the 5- to 14-membered aromatic heterocycle can be connected to the parent molecular moiety through any carbon atom or nitrogen atom contained within the heterocycle.
  • aromatic 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle or “monocyclic heteroaryl” as used herein refers to a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic ring system containing 1 , 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur.
  • Examples of 5- membered monocyclic heteroaryl include but are not limited to furyl (furanyl), thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxatriazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl and thiatriazolyl.
  • Examples of 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl include but are not limited to pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, tetrazinyl.
  • 6- to 14-membered polycyclic aromatic heterocycle or “polycyclic heteroaryl” as used herein refers to a 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, 11 -, 12-, 13- or 14-membered polycyclic (e.g. bicyclic or tricyclic) ring system containing 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur.
  • Aromatic bicyclic heterocycles may consist of a monocyclic heteroaryl as defined herein fused to an aryl (e.g. phenyl) or to a monocyclic heteroaryl.
  • bicyclic aromatic heterocycle examples include but are not limited to 9-membered ring such as indolyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, benzimadozolyl, imidazopyridinyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, purinyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl and benzisoxazolyl or 10-membered ring such as quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, pteridinal and benzodioxinyl.
  • 9-membered ring such as indolyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, benzimadozolyl, imidazopyridinyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl,
  • nitrogen atom may be at the bridgehead (e.g. imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridinyl, [1 ,2,4]triazolo[4,3- a]pyridinyl, imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridinyl, imidazo[2,1-b]oxazolyl, furo[2,3-d]isoxazolyl).
  • Examples of tricyclic aromatic heterocycle include but are not limited to carbazolyl, acridinyl and phenazinyl.
  • heteroaryloxy designate a group of formula -O- R wherein R is respectively a heteroaryl, an aryl, a heterocyclyl as defined herein.
  • substituents refers to a number of substituents that ranges from one to the maximum number of substituents possible based on the number of available bonding sites, provided that the conditions of stability and chemical feasibility are met.
  • leaving group as used herein is to be understood as meaning a group which is displaced from a compound in a substitution or an elimination reaction, for example a halogen atom, a trifluoromethanesulfonate (“triflate”) group, alkoxy, methanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate.
  • a halogen atom for example a halogen atom, a trifluoromethanesulfonate (“triflate”) group, alkoxy, methanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate.
  • acyclic radicals as used herein in the expressions “wherein acyclic aliphatic radicals may be substituted” designate any of the acyclic groups recited in the paragraph before said expressions, or any acyclic moiety of a composite group (e.g. the C 1 -C 8 -alkyl moiety of aryl-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl).
  • aliphatic as used herein in the expressions “wherein acyclic aliphatic radicals may be substituted” designate any of the non-aromatic saturated or unsaturated acyclic radicals or any radical which comprises an aliphatic part (e.g. C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy).
  • acyclic aliphatic radicals in the expression “wherein acyclic aliphatic Y 1 radicals may be substituted with one or more Y a substituents” designate the following: C 1 -C 8 -alkyl; C 1 -C 8 - halogenoalkyl; C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl; C 2 -C 8 -halogenoalkenyl; C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl; C 2 -C 8 -halogenoalkynyl; C 1 -C 8 - alkoxy; C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkoxy; C 1 -C 8 -alkyl moiety of the following composite groups: C 1 -C 8 - alkylcarbonyl, (hydroxyimino)C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, (C 1 -C 8 -alkoxyimino)C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 1 -
  • cyclic radicals as used herein in the expressions “wherein cyclic radicals may be substituted” designate any of the cyclic groups, be it alicyclic or aromatic, recited in the paragraph before said expressions, or any cyclic moiety of a composite group (e.g. the aryl moiety of aryl-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl).
  • cyclic radicals in the expression “wherein cyclic Y 1 radicals may be substituted” designate the following: C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl and C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl.
  • each of these moieties may be substituted independently of each other.
  • R 1a is an a C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl
  • the C 1 -C 8 -alkyl moiety of said group may be substituted by one or more R a substituents and the C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl moiety may be substituted by one or more R b substituents.
  • the present invention provides substituted ureas and derivatives thereof as described herein below that may be used for controlling phytopathogenic microorganisms, preferably phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes, in agriculture (e.g. in crop protection).
  • the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I): wherein
  • W 1 is CY 1 or N
  • Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 and Y 5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy, formyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylcarbonyl, (hydroxyimino)C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, carboxyl, (C 1 -C 8 -alkoxyimino)C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 1 -C 8 - alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl-carbamoyl, di-C 1 -C 8 -alkylcarbamoyl, amino, C 1
  • Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 2 -C 8 - alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl, formyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylcarbonyl, (hydroxyimino)C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, (C 1 -C 8 -alkoxyimino)C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, carboxyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 8 - alkylcarbamoyl, di-C 1 -C 8 -alkylcarbamoyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 8 -alkylamino, sulf
  • T O or S
  • Q 1 is CR 1a R 1b ;
  • Q 2 is a direct bond or CR 2a R 2b ;
  • R 1a and R 1b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, hydroxy, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy, sulfanyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfanyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsu Ifinyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfonyl, tri-C 1 -C 6 -alkylsilyl and cyano, wherein acyclic aliphatic R 1a and R 1b radicals may be substituted with one or more R a substituents and wherein cyclic R 1a and R 1b radicals may be substituted with one or more R b substituents, or
  • R 1a and R 1b form, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, a C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl ring wherein said C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl may be substituted with one or more R b substituents,
  • R 2a and R 2b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, hydroxy, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy, sulfanyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfanyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfinyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfonyl, tri-C 1 -C 6 -alkylsilyl and cyano, wherein acyclic aliphatic R 2a and R 2b radicals may be substituted with one or more R a substituents and wherein cyclic R 2a and R 2b radicals may be substituted with one or more R b substituents, or
  • R 2a and R 2b form, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, a C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl ring wherein said C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl may be substituted with one or more R b substituents;
  • X 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl and C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl;
  • X 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, C 3 -C 8 - alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfanyl-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 1 -C 8 - alkylsulfinyl-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfonyl-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, C 6 -C 14 -aryl- C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl-C 1 -
  • X 1 and X 2 may form, together with the [thio]urea moiety to which they are linked, a 5 to 7- membered saturated heterocyclyl ring, wherein said 5 to 7-membered heterocyclyl ring may be substituted with one or more X c substituents; provided that at least one of X 1 and X 2 does not represent a hydrogen atom when R 1a and R 1b form, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, a cyclohexyl radical;
  • A is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl, C3-C7- cycloalkyl, C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy, sulfanyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfanyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfinyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfonyl, C 6 -C 14 aryl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, C 6 -C 14 - aryloxy, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyloxy, 5- to 14-membered heteroaryloxy, 4 6 -C 14 -arylsulfanyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclylsulfanyl, 5-
  • Z a , X a , Y a , R a and A a are independently selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, nitro, hydroxyl, cyano, carboxyl, amino, sulfanyl, pentafluoro-X 6 -sulfanyl, formyl, carbamoyl, carbamate, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 8 -halogenocycloalkyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 8 -alkylamino, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkoxy having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C 1 -C 8 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 8 -halogen
  • Z b , X b , Y b , R b and A b are independently selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, nitro, hydroxyl, cyano, carboxyl, amino, sulfanyl, pentafluoro-X 6 -sulfanyl, formyl, carbamoyl, carbamate, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C 3 -C 8 - halogenocycloalkyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 8 -alkylamino, C 1 -C 8 -alk
  • X c is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 8 - halogenoalkyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfanyl; provided that the compound of formula (I) is not a compound of formula (I’): wherein:
  • Y’ 4 and Y’ 5 are fluoro atoms and X’ 2 is selected from the group consisting of C3-C 7 cycloalkyl or C 4 -C 7 - cycloalkenyl; or
  • Y’ 4 is a hydrogen atom
  • Y’ 5 is a fluoro atom
  • X’ 2 is selected from the group consisting of C3-C7- cycloalkyl or C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl; or
  • Y’ 4 is a hydrogen atom
  • Y’ 5 is a methyl
  • X’ 2 is selected from the group consisting of C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl or C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl
  • the chain Q’ 1 -Q’ 2 -A’ represents a C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy, C 2 -C 6 - alkenyloxy, C 2 -C 8 -alkynyloxy, CH 2 -C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkoxy, CH2-phenyl, or CH2-heteroaryl ; wherein the heteroaryl contains 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; wherein the acyclic and cyclic moieties of the chain Q’ 1
  • the compounds of formula (I) can suitably be in their free form, salt form, N-oxide form or solvate form (e.g. hydrate).
  • the following compounds are mentioned in chemical databases and/or suppliers' databases without any references or information which enable these to be prepared and separated:
  • compounds of formula (I) may be present in the form of different stereoisomers. These stereoisomers are, for example, enantiomers, diastereomers, atropisomers or geometric isomers. Accordingly, the invention encompasses both pure stereoisomers and any mixture of these isomers. Where a compound can be present in two or more tautomer forms in equilibrium, reference to the compound by means of one tautomeric description is to be considered to include all tautomer forms.
  • the compound of formula (I) may be present in the form of the free compound and/or a salt thereof, such as an agrochemically active salt.
  • Agrochemically active salts include acid addition salts of inorganic and organic acids well as salts of customary bases.
  • inorganic acids are hydrohalic acids, such as hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid, and acidic salts, such as sodium bisulfate and potassium bisulfate.
  • Useful organic acids include, for example, formic acid, carbonic acid and alkanoic acids such as acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid and propionic acid, and also glycolic acid, thiocyanic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, oxalic acid, saturated or mono- or diunsaturated fatty acids having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, alkylsulfuric monoesters, alkylsulfonic acids (sulfonic acids having straightchain or branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms), arylsulfonic acids or aryldisulfonic acids (aromatic radicals, such as phenyl and naphthyl, which bear one or two sulfonic acid groups), alkylphosphonic acids (phosphonic acids having straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms), arylphosphonic acids
  • Solvates of the compounds of formula (I) or their salts are stoichiometric compositions of the compounds with solvents.
  • the compounds of formula (I) may exist in multiple crystalline and/or amorphous forms. Crystalline forms include unsolvated crystalline forms, solvates and hydrates.
  • W 1 is preferably CY 1 or N, wherein Y 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxycarbonyl, formyl and cyano.
  • Y 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, C 1 -C
  • W 1 is CY 1 or N
  • Y 1 is a hydrogen atom
  • Z is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different and cyano.
  • Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom and C 1 -C 6 -alkyl.
  • Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom and methyl.
  • Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 and Y 5 are preferably independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 - halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 1 -C 6 - alkylcarbonyl, formyl and cyano.
  • Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 and Y 5 are independently hydrogen atom or halogen atom.
  • Y 2 and Y 3 are hydrogen atoms and Y 4 and Y 5 are independently hydrogen atom or fluorine atom.
  • T is O.
  • X 1 is preferably selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 6 - alkyl and C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl.
  • X 1 is a hydrogen atom.
  • X 2 is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 6 - alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 2 -C 8 - alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 -halogenoalkenyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C3- C 8 -alkynyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 5 halogen atoms, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 8 - alkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl, C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl, C 4
  • X 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 - halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C2- C 6 -halogenoalkenyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 3 -C 6 -alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 6 - alkyl comprising 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S.
  • X 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C1-C3- halogenoalkyl comprising up to 3 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C2- C 6 -halogenoalkenyl comprising up to 3 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 3 -C 6 -alkynyl, C 3 -C 5 -cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 5 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, 3- to 5-membered heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl comprising 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S.
  • X 1 and X 2 form, together with the [thio]urea moiety to which they are linked, a 5 to 7-membered saturated heterocyclyl ring, wherein said 5 to 7-membered heterocyclic ring may be substituted with one or more X c substituents.
  • X 1 and X 2 form in this embodiment, together with the [thio]urea moiety to which they are linked, a 5 to 7-membered saturated heterocyclyl ring.
  • X 1 and X 2 form in this embodiment, together with the [thio]urea moiety to which they are linked a 1 ,3-disubstituted imidazolidin-2-one or a 1 ,3-disubstituted tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-one that may be substituted with one or more X c substituents.
  • X c is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 6 -alkyl and C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different.
  • X c is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl most preferably methyl.
  • X 2 is other than C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl or C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl when:
  • - W 1 is CH, T is O, X 1 is H, Z is H, Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 and Y 4 are H and Y 5 is F, or
  • W 1 is CH
  • T is O
  • X 1 is H
  • Z is H
  • Y 1 , Y 2 and Y 3 are H and Y 4 and Y 5 are F, or
  • R 1a and R 1b are preferably independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different and C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl or R 1a and R 1b form, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, a C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl.
  • R 1a and R 1b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl and C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl or R 1a and R 1b form, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, a C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, preferably a C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl.
  • R 1a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, Ci- C 6 -alkyl (preferably methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and isobutyl) and C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl (preferably cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl) and R 1b is hydrogen atom.
  • R 1a and R 1b form, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked a cycloalkyl other than cyclohexyl.
  • Q 2 is a direct bond or CR 2a R 2b , wherein R 2a and R 2b are preferably independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different and C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl.
  • R 2a and R 2b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom and C 1 -C 6 -alkyl.
  • R 2a is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (preferably methyl and isopropyl) and R 2b is hydrogen atom.
  • A is preferably selected from the group consisting of C 3 -C 8 -alkyl, C 3 -C 8 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C3-C7- cycloalkyl, C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl, C 6 -C 14 -aryl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl and 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl wherein cyclic A radicals may be substituted with one or more A b substituents.
  • A is selected from the group consisting of C 3 -C 8 -alkyl, C 3 -C7-cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 14 -aryl, 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl comprising 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, wherein cyclic A radicals may be substituted with one or more A b substituents.
  • said A b substituent is selected from the list consisting of halogen atom, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 - halogenoalkyl and cyano.
  • acyclic aliphatic A radicals are branched hydrocarbon chains.
  • substituents of the compounds according to the invention can be combined in various manners. These combinations of preferred features thus provide sub-classes of compounds according to the invention. Examples of such sub-classes of preferred compounds according to the invention are:
  • W 1 with one or more preferred features of Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2a , R 2b and A;
  • Y 1 with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2a , R 2b and A;
  • Y 2 with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2a , R 2b and A;
  • Y 3 with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2a , R 2b and A;
  • Y 4 with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2a , R 2b and A;
  • Y 5 with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2a , R 2b and A;
  • T with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2a , R 2b and A;
  • X 2 with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2a , R 2b and A;
  • R 1a with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1b , R 2a , R 2b and A;
  • R 1b with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 2a , R 2b and A;
  • R 2a with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2b and A;
  • R 2b with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2a and A;
  • the said preferred features can also be selected among the more preferred features of each of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2a , R 2b and A so as to form most preferred subclasses of compounds according to the invention.
  • Compounds of formula (I) may be used for controlling phytopathogenic microorganisms, preferably phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes, in agriculture (e.g. in crop protection).
  • the present invention also relates to processes for the preparation of compounds of formula (I).
  • the radicals W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , Q 1 , Q 2 , X c and A have the meanings given above for the compounds of formula (I). These definitions apply not only to the end products of the formula (I) but likewise to all intermediates.
  • Process P1 can be performed if appropriate in the presence of a base and if appropriate in the presence of a solvent according to known processes.
  • lso[thio]cyanates of formula (II) can be prepared by action of phosgene or thiophosgene as well as any precursor of it (e.g. diphosgene or triphosgene) on an amine of formula (IV) according to known processes (Patai's Chemistry of Functional Groups - The chemistry of Cyanates and Their Thio Derivatives - Part 2 - 1977).
  • Amines of formula (IV) are commercially available or can be prepared by reduction by known processes of a nitro derivative of formula (VII).
  • Nitro derivatives of formula (VII) are commercially available or can be prepared by known processes.
  • Amines of formula (III) are commercially available or can be prepared by known processes.
  • Suitable solvents for carrying out process P1 are not particularly limited. They can be customary inert organic solvents as long as it is not dissolving the compound or reagents to react therewith or exhibit any particular interaction therewith. Preference is given to using, optionally halogenated, aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as petroleum ether, pentane, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, decalin, ISOPARTM E or ISOPARTM G, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1 ,2-dichloroethane or trichloroethane; ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-amyl ether, dio
  • Suitable bases for carrying out process P1 can be inorganic and organic bases which are customary for such reactions.
  • Process P1 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • 1 mole or an excess of amine of formula (III) and if appropriate from 1 to 5 moles of base can be employed per mole of iso[thio]cyanate of formula (II). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
  • Process P2 can be performed if appropriate in the presence of a base and if appropriate in the presence of a solvent according to known processes.
  • [Thio]carbamates of formula (Va) wherein U 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyoxy group can be prepared by condensation of a substituted or unsubstituted phenylchloro[thio]formate on an amine of formula (IV) according to known processes (Tetrahedron (2012), 68 , p15-45 and Science of Synthesis - Carbonic acid halides - (2005), 18, p321-377).
  • [Thio]carbamates of formula (Vb) wherein U 1 is a C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy group can be prepared by reaction of amine of formula (IV) with a di-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl [dithio]dicarbonate according to known processes (Tetrahedron (2012), 68 , p15-45 and Science of Synthesis - Carbonic acid halides - (2005), 18, p321- 377).
  • Suitable bases for carrying out process P2 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
  • Suitable solvents for carrying out process P2 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
  • Process P2 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • 1 mole or an excess of amine of formula (III) and if appropriate from 1 to 5 moles of base can be employed per mole of [thio]carbamate of formula (V). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
  • Process P3 can be performed if appropriate in the presence of a base and if appropriate in the presence of a solvent according to known processes.
  • [Thio]carbamates of formula (VI) are commercially available or can be prepared as disclosed for [thio]carbamates of formula (Va)/(Vb) in process P2.
  • Suitable bases for carrying out process P3 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
  • Suitable solvents for carrying out process P3 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
  • Process P3 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • 1 mole or an excess of [thio]carbamate of formula (VI) and if appropriate from 1 to 5 moles of base can be employed per mole of amine of formula (IVb). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
  • Compound of formula (la) can be prepared as disclosed in processes P1 , P2 and P3.
  • Process P4 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • 1 mole or an excess of alkyl halide of formula (VIII) and if appropriate from 1 to 5 moles of base can be employed per mole of compound of formula (la). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
  • Process P5 can be performed if appropriate in the presence of a base and if appropriate in the presence of a solvent and if appropriate in the presence of water according to known processes.
  • Suitable bases for carrying out process P5 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
  • Suitable solvents for carrying out process P5 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
  • Process P5 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • 1 mole or an excess of alkyl dihalide of formula (IX) and if appropriate from 2 to 5 moles of base can be employed per mole of compound of formula (lb). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
  • compound of formula (X) is treated with 1 equivalent or more of a base such as sodium hydride and a halogen derivative of formula (XI), if appropriate in presence of sodium or potassium iodide according to known processes such as J.Med.Chem. (2000), 43, 3653.
  • the reaction is usually carried out in polar aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide.
  • Compound of formula (X) can be prepared by condensation of the heterocyclyl compound of formula (XII) on the 3-halogeno quinoline of formula (XIII) wherein Hal 5 is chloro, bromo or iodo, according to known processes such as Synthesis (2005), 915 or WO2018/167147 [270],
  • Process P6 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • 1 mole or an excess of the halide derivative of formula (XI) and if appropriate from 1 to 5 moles of base can be employed per mole of compound of formula (X). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
  • the alkylation of a compound of formula (lb) wherein T is S by an alkyl dihalide of formula (IX) or the alkylation of a compound of formula (X) wherein T is S by a halogen derivative of formula (XI) may not always be selective and may provide unwanted S-alkylated by-products.
  • Suitable thionating agents for carrying out process P7 according to the invention can be sulfur (S), sulfhydric acid (H2S), sodium sulfide (Na2S), sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), boron trisulfide (B2S3), bis (diethylaluminium) sulfide ((AIEt2)2S), ammonium sulfide ((NH 4 ) 2 S), phosphorous pentasulfide (P2S5), Lawesson’
  • Suitable solvents for carrying out process P7 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
  • Compound of formula (Id) can be prepared as disclosed in processes P5 and P6.
  • Process P7 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • 1 mole or an excess of the thionating agent can be employed per mole of compound of formula (Id). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
  • Processes P1 , P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 and P7 are generally carried out under atmospheric pressure. It is also possible to operate under elevated or reduced pressure.
  • reaction temperatures can be varied within a relatively wide range. In general, these processes are carried out at temperatures from - 78 °C to 200 °C, preferably from - 78 °C to 150 °C.
  • a way to control the temperature for the processes is to use microwave technology.
  • reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • residue that remains can be freed by known methods, such as chromatography or crystallization, from any impurities that can still be present.
  • reaction mixture is treated with water and the organic phase is separated off and, after drying, concentrated under reduced pressure. If appropriate, the remaining residue can, be freed by customary methods, such as chromatography, crystallization or distillation, from any impurities that may still be present.
  • compositions and formulations can be prepared according to the general processes of preparation described above. It will nevertheless be understood that, on the basis of his general knowledge and of available publications, the skilled worker will be able to adapt the methods according to the specifics of each compound, which it is desired to synthesize.
  • the present invention further relates to compositions, in particular compositions for controlling unwanted microorganisms.
  • the composition may be applied to the microorganisms and/or in their habitat.
  • composition comprises at least one compound of formula (I) and at least one agriculturally suitable auxiliary, e.g. carrier(s) and/or surfactants).
  • agriculturally suitable auxiliary e.g. carrier(s) and/or surfactants.
  • a carrier is a solid or liquid, natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic substance that is generally inert.
  • the carrier generally improves the application of the compounds, for instance, to plants, plants parts or seeds.
  • suitable solid carriers include, but are not limited to, ammonium salts, in particular ammonium sulfates, ammonium phosphates and ammonium nitrates, natural rock flours, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite and diatomaceous earth, silica gel and synthetic rock flours, such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates.
  • typically useful solid carriers for preparing granules include but are not limited to crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, synthetic granules of inorganic and organic flours and granules of organic material such as paper, sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks.
  • suitable liquid carriers include, but are not limited to, water, organic solvents and combinations thereof.
  • suitable solvents include polar and nonpolar organic chemical liquids, for example from the classes of aromatic and nonaromatic hydrocarbons (such as cyclohexane, paraffins, alkylbenzenes, xylene, toluene, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride), alcohols and polyols (which may optionally also be substituted, etherified and/or esterified, such as ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzylalcohol, cyclohexanol or glycol), ketones (such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone), esters (including fats and oils) and (poly)ethers, unsubstituted and substituted amines, amide
  • the carrier may also be a liquefied gaseous extender, i.e. liquid which is gaseous at standard temperature and under standard pressure, for example aerosol propellants such as halohydrocarbons, butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • a liquefied gaseous extender i.e. liquid which is gaseous at standard temperature and under standard pressure
  • aerosol propellants such as halohydrocarbons, butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • Preferred solid carriers are selected from clays, talc and silica.
  • Preferred liquid carriers are selected from water, fatty acid amides and esters thereof, aromatic and nonaromatic hydrocarbons, lactams and carbonic acid esters.
  • the amount of carrier typically ranges from 1 to 99.99%, preferably from 5 to 99.9%, more preferably from 10 to 99.5%, and most preferably from 20 to 99% by weight of the composition.
  • Liquid carriers are typically present in a range of from 20 to 90%, for example 30 to 80% by weight of the composition.
  • Solid carriers are typically present in a range of from 0 to 50%, preferably 5 to 45%, for example 10 to 30% by weight of the composition.
  • composition comprises two or more carriers, the outlined ranges refer to the total amount of carriers.
  • the surfactant can be an ionic (cationic or anionic), amphoteric or non-ionic surfactant, such as ionic or non-ionic emulsifier(s), foam formers), dispersant(s), wetting agent(s), penetration enhancer(s) and any mixtures thereof.
  • surfactants include, but are not limited to, salts of polyacrylic acid, salts of lignosulfonic acid (such as sodium lignosulfonate), salts of phenolsulfonic acid or naphthalenesulfonic acid, polycondensates of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids or fatty amines (for example, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters such as castor oil ethoxylate, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers), substituted phenols (preferably alkylphenols or arylphenols) and ethoxylates thereof (such as tristyrylphenol ethoxylate), salts of sulfosuccinic esters, taurine derivatives (preferably alkyl taurates), phosphoric esters of polyethoxylated alcohols or phenols, fatty esters of polyols (such a fatty acid esters of g,
  • Preferred surfactants are selected from polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, alkylbenzene sulfonates, such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, castor oil ethoxylate, sodium lignosulfonate and arylphenol ethoxylates, such as tristyrylphenol ethoxylate.
  • the amount of surfactants typically ranges from 5 to 40%, for example 10 to 20%, by weight of the composition.
  • auxiliaries include water repellents, siccatives, binders (adhesive, tackifier, fixing agent, such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids, polyvinylpyrrolidone and tylose), thickeners and secondary thickeners (such as cellulose ethers, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan gum, modified clays, e.g. the products available under the name Bentone, and finely divided silica), stabilizers (e.g.
  • cold stabilizers preservatives (e.g. dichlorophene and benzyl alcohol hemiformal), antioxidants, light stabilizers, in particular UV stabilizers, or other agents which improve chemical and/or physical stability), dyes or pigments (such as inorganic pigments, e.g. iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue; organic dyes, e.g. alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes), antifoams (e.g.
  • auxiliaries mineral and vegetable oils, perfumes, waxes, nutrients (including trace nutrients, such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc), protective colloids, thixotropic substances, penetrants, sequestering agents and complex formers.
  • the choice of the auxiliaries depends on the intended mode of application of the compound of formula (I) and/or on the physical properties of the compound(s).
  • the auxiliaries may be chosen to impart particular properties (technical, physical and/or biological properties) to the compositions or use forms prepared therefrom. The choice of auxiliaries may allow customizing the compositions to specific needs.
  • compositions may be provided to the end user as ready-for-use formulation, i.e. the compositions may be directly applied to the plants or seeds by a suitable device, such as a spraying or dusting device.
  • a suitable device such as a spraying or dusting device.
  • the compositions may be provided to the end user in the form of concentrates which have to be diluted, preferably with water, prior to use.
  • composition can be prepared in conventional manners, for example by mixing the compound of formula (I) with one or more suitable auxiliaries, such as disclosed herein above.
  • the composition comprises a fungicidally effective amount of the compound(s) of formula (I)
  • effective amount denotes an amount, which is sufficient for controlling harmful fungi on cultivated plants or in the protection of materials and which does not result in a substantial damage to the treated plants. Such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, such as the fungal species to be controlled, the treated cultivated plant or material, the climatic conditions and the specific compound of formula (I) used.
  • the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) contains from 0.01 to 99% by weight, preferably from 0.05 to 98% by weight, more preferred from 0.1 to 95% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5 to 90% by weight, most preferably from 1 to 80% by weight of the compound of formula (I). It is possible that a composition comprises two or more compounds of the invention. In such case the outlined ranges refer to the total amount of compounds of the present invention.
  • composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may be in any customary composition type, such as solutions (e.g. aqueous solutions), emulsions, water- and oil-based suspensions, powders (e.g. wettable powders, soluble powders), dusts, pastes, granules (e.g. soluble granules, granules for broadcasting), suspoemulsion concentrates, natural or synthetic products impregnated with the compound of formula (I), fertilizers and also microencapsulations in polymeric substances.
  • the compound of formula (I) may be present in a suspended, emulsified or dissolved form. Examples of particular suitable composition types are solutions, watersoluble concentrates (e.g.
  • SL LS
  • dispersible concentrates DC
  • suspensions and suspension concentrates e.g. SC, OD, OF, FS
  • emulsifiable concentrates e.g. EC
  • emulsions e.g. EW, EO, ES, ME, SE
  • capsules e.g. CS, ZC
  • pastes pastilles
  • wettable powders or dusts e.g. WP, SP, WS, DP, DS
  • pressings e.g. BR, TB, DT
  • granules e.g. WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG
  • insecticidal articles e.g.
  • compositions types are defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). An overview is given in the "Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system", Technical Monograph No. 2, 6th Ed. May 2008, Croplife International.
  • the composition is in form of one of the following types: EC, SC, FS, SE, OD and WG, more preferred EC, SC, OD and WG.
  • composition types and their preparation are given below. If two or more compounds of the invention are present, the outlined amount of compound of formula (I) refers to the total amount of compounds of the present invention. This applies mutatis mutandis for any further component of the composition, if two or more representatives of such component, e.g. wetting agent, binder, are present.
  • SL, LS Water-soluble concentrates
  • ком ⁇ онент e.g. a mixture of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate
  • surfactant e.g. a mixture of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate
  • waterinsoluble organic solvent e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon
  • This mixture is added to such amount of water by means of an emulsifying machine to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight.
  • the resulting composition is a homogeneous emulsion. Before application the emulsion may be further diluted with water.
  • an agitated ball mill 20-60 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) are comminuted with addition of 2-10 % by weight surfactant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether), 0.1-2 % by weight thickener (e.g. xanthan gum) and waterto give a fine active substance suspension.
  • surfactant e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether
  • thickener e.g. xanthan gum
  • waterto e.g. xanthan gum
  • the water is added in such amount to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance.
  • binder e.g. polyvinylalcohol
  • a suitable grinding equipment e.g. an agitated ball mill
  • 20-60 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) are comminuted with addition of 2-10 % by weight surfactant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether), 0.1-2 % by weight thickener (e.g. modified clay, in particular Bentone, or silica) and an organic carrier to give a fine active substance oil suspension.
  • the organic carrier is added in such amount to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion of the active substance.
  • At least one compound of formula (I) are ground finely with addition of surfactant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether) and converted to water-dispersible or water- soluble granules by means of technical appliances (e. g. extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed).
  • surfactant e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether
  • the surfactant is used in such amount to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance.
  • WP, SP, WS Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders
  • % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) are ground in a rotor-stator mill with addition of 1-8 % by weight surfactant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether) and such amount of solid carrier, e.g. silica gel, to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance.
  • surfactant e.g. sodium lignosulfonate, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether
  • solid carrier e.g. silica gel
  • agitated ball mill 5-25 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) are comminuted with addition of 3-10 % by weight surfactant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate), 1-5 % by weight binder (e.g. carboxymethylcellulose) and such amount of waterto result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. This results in a fine suspension of the active substance. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance.
  • ix Microemulsion (ME) 5-20 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) are added to 5-30 % by weight organic solvent blend (e.g. fatty acid dimethylamide and cyclohexanone), 10-25 % by weight surfactant blend (e.g.
  • An oil phase comprising 5-50 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I), 0-40 % by weight water- insoluble organic solvent (e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon), 2-15 % by weight acrylic monomers (e.g. methylmethacrylate, methacrylic acid and a di- or triacrylate) are dispersed into an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g. polyvinyl alcohol). Radical polymerization initiated by a radical initiator results in the formation of poly(meth)acrylate microcapsules.
  • an oil phase comprising 5-50 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I), 0-40 % by weight water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g.
  • At least one compound of formula (I) are ground finely and associated with such amount of solid carrier (e.g. silicate) to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight.
  • Granulation is achieved by extrusion, spray-drying or the fluidized bed.
  • compositions types i) to xiii) may optionally comprise further auxiliaries, such as 0.1-1 % by weight preservatives, 0.1-1 % by weight antifoams, 0.1-1 % by weight dyes and/or pigments, and 5-10% by weight antifreezes.
  • auxiliaries such as 0.1-1 % by weight preservatives, 0.1-1 % by weight antifoams, 0.1-1 % by weight dyes and/or pigments, and 5-10% by weight antifreezes.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) can be mixed with other active ingredients like fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, insecticides, biological control agents or herbicides. Mixtures with fertilizers, growth regulators, safeners, nitrification inhibitors, semiochemicals and/or other agriculturally beneficial agents are also possible. This may allow to broaden the activity spectrum or to prevent development of resistance.
  • Inhibitors of the ergosterol biosynthesis for example (1.001) cyproconazole, (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.003) epoxiconazole, (1.004) fenbuconazole, (1.005) fenhexamid, (1.006) fenpropidin, (1.007) fenpropimorph, (1.008) fenpyrazamine, (1.009) Fluoxytioconazole, (1.010) fluquinconazole, (1.011) flutriafol, (1.012) hexaconazole, (1.013) imazalil, (1.014) imazalil sulfate, (1.015) ipconazole, (1.016) ipfentrifluconazole, (1.017) mefentrifluconazole, (1.018) metconazole, (1.019) myclobutanil, (1.020) paclobutrazol, (1 .021) penconazole, (1 .022) prochlora
  • Inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex I or II for example (2.001) benzovindiflupyr, (2.002) bixafen, (2.003) boscalid, (2.004) carboxin, (2.005) cyclobutrifluram, (2.006) flubeneteram, (2.007) fluindapyr, (2.008) fluopyram, (2.009) flutolanil, (2.010) fluxapyroxad, (2.011) furametpyr, (2.012) inpyrfluxam, (2.013) Isofetamid, (2.014) isoflucypram, (2.015) isopyrazam, (2.016) penflufen, (2.017) penthiopyrad, (2.018) pydiflumetofen, (2.019) pyrapropoyne, (2.020) pyraziflumid, (2.021) sedaxane,
  • Inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex III for example (3.001) ametoctradin, (3.002) amisulbrom, (3.003) azoxystrobin, (3.004) coumethoxystrobin, (3.005) coumoxystrobin, (3.006) cyazofamid, (3.007) dimoxystrobin, (3.008) enoxastrobin, (3.009) famoxadone, (3.010) fenamidone, (3.011) fenpicoxamid, (3.012) florylpicoxamid, (3.013) flufenoxystrobin, (3.014) fluoxastrobin, (3.015) kresoxim-methyl, (3.016) mandestrobin, (3.017) metarylpicoxamid, (3.018) metominostrobin, (3.019) metyltetraprole, (3.020) orysastrobin, (3.021) picoxystrobin, (3.022) pyraclostrobin, (3.021) pic
  • Inhibitors of the mitosis and cell division for example (4.001) carbendazim, (4.002) diethofencarb, (4.003) ethaboxam, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.005) fluopimomide, (4.006) metrafenone, (4.007) pencycuron, (4.008) pyridachlometyl, (4.009) pyriofenone (chlazafenone), (4.010) thiabendazole, (4.011) thiophanate-methyl, (4.012) zoxamide, (4.013) 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6- difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine, (4.014) 3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6- trifluorophenyl)pyridazine, (4.015) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N
  • Compounds capable to induce a host defence for example (6.001) acibenzolar-S-methyl, (6.002) fosetyl-aluminium, (6.003) fosetyl-calcium, (6.004) fosetyl-sodium, (6.005) isotianil, (6.006) phosphorous acid and its salts, (6.007) probenazole, (6.008) tiadinil.
  • Inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis for example (7.001) cyprodinil, (7.002) kasugamycin, (7.003) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, (7.004) oxytetracycline, (7.005) pyrimethanil
  • Inhibitors of the ATP production for example (8.001) silthiofam.
  • Inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis for example (9.001) benthiavalicarb, (9.002) dimethomorph, (9.003) flumorph, (9.004) iprovalicarb, (9.005) mandipropamid, (9.006) pyrimorph, (9.007) valifenalate, (9.008) (2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, (9.009) (2Z)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.
  • Inhibitors of the lipid synthesis or transport, or membrane synthesis for example (10.001) fluoxapiprolin, (10.002) natamycin, (10.003) oxathiapiprolin, (10.004) propamocarb, (10.005) propamocarb hydrochloride, (10.006) propamocarb-fosetylate, (10.007) tolclofos-methyl, (10.008) 1-(4- ⁇ 4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl ⁇ piperidin-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl- 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl]ethanone, (10.009) 1 -(4- ⁇ 4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3
  • Inhibitors of the melanin biosynthesis for example (11 .001) tolprocarb, (11 .002) tricyclazole.
  • Inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis for example (12.001) benalaxyl, (12.002) benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), (12.003) metalaxyl, (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam).
  • Inhibitors of the signal transduction for example (13.001) fludioxonil, (13.002) iprodione, (13.003) procymidone, (13.004) proquinazid, (13.005) quinoxyfen, (13.006) vinclozolin.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition may also be combined with one or more biological control agents.
  • biological control agents which may be combined with the compound of formula (I) and composition comprising thereof are:
  • biological control is defined as control of harmful organisms such as a phytopathogenic fungi and/or insects and/or acarids and/or nematodes by the use or employment of a biological control agent.
  • biological control agent is defined as an organism other than the harmful organisms and I or proteins or secondary metabolites produced by such an organism for the purpose of biological control. Mutants of the second organism shall be included within the definition of the biological control agent.
  • mutant refers to a variant of the parental strain as well as methods for obtaining a mutant or variant in which the pesticidal activity is greater than that expressed by the parental strain.
  • the ’’parent strain is defined herein as the original strain before mutagenesis.
  • the parental strain may be treated with a chemical such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ethylmethanesulfone, or by irradiation using gamma, x-ray, or UV-irradiation, or by other means well known to those skilled in the art.
  • a chemical such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ethylmethanesulfone, or by irradiation using gamma, x-ray, or UV-irradiation, or by other means well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Known mechanisms of biological control agents comprise enteric bacteria that control root rot by out-competing fungi for space on the surface of the root.
  • Bacterial toxins, such as antibiotics have been used to control pathogens.
  • the toxin can be isolated and applied directly to the plant or the bacterial species may be administered so it produces the toxin in situ.
  • a ’’variant is a strain having all the identifying characteristics of the NRRL or ATCC Accession Numbers as indicated in this text and can be identified as having a genome that hybridizes under conditions of high stringency to the genome of the NRRL or ATCC Accession Numbers.
  • Hybridization refers to a reaction in which one or more polynucleotides react to form a complex that is stabilized via hydrogen bonding between the bases of the nucleotide residues.
  • the hydrogen bonding may occur by Watson-Crick base pairing, Hoogstein binding, or in any other sequence-specific manner.
  • the complex may comprise two strands forming a duplex structure, three or more strands forming a multi-stranded complex, a single self-hybridizing strand, or any combination of these.
  • Hybridization reactions can be performed under conditions of different “stringency”. In general, a low stringency hybridization reaction is carried out at about 40 °C in 10 X SSC or a solution of equivalent ionic strength/temperature. A moderate stringency hybridization is typically performed at about 50 °C in 6 X SSC, and a high stringency hybridization reaction is generally performed at about 60 °C in 1 X SSC.
  • a variant of the indicated NRRL or ATCC Accession Number may also be defined as a strain having a genomic sequence that is greater than 85%, more preferably greater than 90% or more preferably greater than 95% sequence identity to the genome of the indicated NRRL or ATCC Accession Number.
  • a polynucleotide or polynucleotide region (or a polypeptide or polypeptide region) has a certain percentage (for example, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%) of “sequence identity” to another sequence means that, when aligned, that percentage of bases (or amino acids) are the same in comparing the two sequences. This alignment and the percent homology or sequence identity can be determined using software programs known in the art, for example, those described in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (F. M. Ausubel et al., eds., 1987).
  • NRRL is the abbreviation for the Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection, an international depositary authority for the purposes of deposing microorganism strains under the Budapest treaty on the international recognition of the deposit of microorganisms for the purposes of patent procedure, having the address National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North university Street, Peroira, Illinois 61604 USA.
  • ATCC is the abbreviation for the American Type Culture Collection, an international depositary authority for the purposes of deposing microorganism strains under the Budapest treaty on the international recognition of the deposit of microorganisms for the purposes of patent procedure, having the address ATCC Patent Depository, 10801 University Boulevard., Manassas, VA 10110 USA.
  • biological control agents which may be combined with the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) are:
  • Antibacterial agents selected from the group of:
  • (A1) bacteria such as (A1.1) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE OPTI or SERENADE ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B21661 , U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051);
  • Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814 (available as VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE); (A1 .7) Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Accession No. NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO 2013/034938) from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (A1 .8) Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (A1 .9) Paenibacillus polymyxa, in particular strain AC-1 (e.g.
  • Pseudomonas proradix e.g. PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena
  • Pantoea agglomerans in particular strain E325 (Accession No. NRRL B-21856) (available as BLOOMTIME BIOLOGICALTM FD BIOPESTICIDE from Northwest Agri Products); and
  • (A2) fungi such as (A2.1) Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular blastospores of strain DSM14940, blastospores of strain DSM 14941 ormixtures of blastospores of strains DSM14940 and DSM14941 (e.g., BOTECTOR® and BLOSSOM PROTECT®from bio-ferm, CH); (A2.2) Pseudozyma aphidis (as disclosed in WO2011/151819 by Yissum Research Development Company of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem); (A2.3) Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular strains CNCM No. I-3936, CNCM No. I- 3937, CNCM No. I-3938 or CNCM No. I-3939 (WO 2010/086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR;
  • Aureobasidium pullulans in particular blastospores of strain DSM14940, blastospores of strain DSM 14941
  • (B1) bacteria for example (B1.1) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE OPTI or SERENADE ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B21661 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051); (B1.2) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (available as SONATA® from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having Accession No. NRRL B- 30087 and described in U.S. Patent No.
  • Bacillus pumilus in particular strain GB34 (available as Yield Shield® from Bayer AG, DE); (B1 .4) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain BU F-33, having NRRL Accession No. 50185 (available as part of the CARTISSA product from BASF, EPA Reg. No. 71840-19); (B1.5) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain D747 (available as Double NickelTM from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., having accession number FERM BP-8234, US Patent No.
  • Bacillus subtilis Y1336 (available as BIOBAC® WP from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, registered as a biological fungicide in Taiwan under Registration Nos. 4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277); (B1.7) Bacillus subtilis strain MBI 600 (available as SUBTILEX from BASF SE), having Accession Number NRRL B-50595, U.S. Patent No. 5,061 ,495; (B1.8) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 (available as Kodiak® from Bayer AG, DE); (B1.9) Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 having Accession No.
  • DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA Registration No. 70127-5)); (B1.10) Bacillus mycoides, isolate J, having Accession No. B-30890 (available as BMJ TGAI® or WG and LifeGardTM from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.); (B1.11) Bacillus lichen! formis, in particular strain SB3086, having Accession No. ATCC 55406, WO 2003/000051 (available as ECOGUARD® Biofungicide and GREEN RELEAFTM from Novozymes); (B1.12) a Paenibacillus sp. strain having Accession No. NRRL B-50972 or Accession No.
  • Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814 (available as VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE); (B1.14) Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (B1.15) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727 (also known as strain MBI110) (NRRL Accession No. B-50768; WO 2014/028521) (STARGUS® from Marrone Bio Innovations); (B1 .16) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42, Accession No.
  • DSM 23117 available as RHIZOVITAL® from ABiTEP, DE; (B1.17) Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (QUARTZO® (WG) and PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation); (B1.18) Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Accession No. NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO 2013/034938) from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (B1.19) Paenibacillus polymyxa ssp.
  • CEDOMON®, CERALL®, and CEDRESS® by Bioagri and Koppert Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC108 (also known as Streptomyces lydicus strain WYCD108US) (ACTINO-IRON® and ACTI NOVATE® from Novozymes);
  • Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 e.g. GALLTROL- A® from AgBioChem, CA
  • B1 .25 Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K1026 (e.g.
  • (B2) fungi for example: (B2.1) Coniothyrium minitans, in particular strain CON/M/91-8 (Accession No. DSM-9660; e.g. Contans ® from Bayer CropScience Biologies GmbH); (B2.2) Metschnikowia fructicola, in particular strain NRRL Y-30752; (B2.3) Microsphaeropsis ochracea; (B2.5) Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain SC1 (having Accession No. CBS 122089, WO 2009/116106 and U.S. Patent No. 8,431 ,120 (from Bi-PA)), strain 77B (T77 from Andermatt Biocontrol) or strain LU132 (e.g.
  • Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 e.g. Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert
  • strain Cepa Simb-T5 from Simbiose Agro
  • Gliocladium roseum also known as Clonostachys rosea f. rosea
  • strain 321 U from Adjuvants Plus
  • strain ACM941 as disclosed in Xue (Efficacy of Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941 and fungicide seed treatments for controlling the root tot complex of field pea, Can Jour Plant Sci 83(3): 519-524), or strain IK726 (Jensen DF, et al.
  • Trichoderma atroviride strain ATCC 20476 (IMI 206040); (B2.45) Trichoderma atroviride, strain T11 (IM 13529411 CECT20498); (B2.46) Trichoderma harmatum: (B2.47) Trichoderma harzianum; (B2.48) Trichoderma harzianum rifai T39 (e.g. Trichodex® from Makhteshim, US); (B2.49) Trichoderma asperellum, in particular, strain kd (e.g. T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol); (B2.50) Trichoderma harzianum, strain ITEM 908 (e.g.
  • Trianum- P from Koppert Trichoderma harzianum, strain TH35 (e.g. Root-Pro by Mycontrol);
  • Trichoderma virens also known as Gliocladium virens
  • strain GL-21 e.g. SoilGard by Certis, US
  • B2.53 Trichoderma viride, strain TV1 (e.g. Trianum-P by Koppert);
  • Ampelomyces quisqualis in particular strain AQ 10 (e.g.
  • NM 99/06216 e.g., BOTRY-ZEN® by Botry-Zen Ltd, New Zealand and BOTRYSTOP® from BioWorks, Inc.
  • Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae), strain WCS850 having Accession No. WCS850, deposited at the Central Bureau for Fungi Cultures (e.g., DUTCH TRIG® by Tree Care Innovations);
  • Verticillium chlamydosporium B2.87) mixtures of Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 (also known as Trichoderma harzianum ICC012), having Accession No. CABI CC IMI 392716 and Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T.
  • viride viride strain ICC 080, having Accession No. IMI 392151 (e.g., BIO-TAMTMfrom Isagro USA, Inc. and BIODERMA® by Agrobiosol de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.); (B2.88) Trichoderma asperelloides JM41 R (Accession No. NRRL B-50759) (TRICHO PLUS® from BASF SE); (B2.89) Aspergillus flavus strain NRRL 21882 (products known as AFLA-GUARD® from Syngenta/ChemChina); (B2.90) Chaetomium cupreum (Accession No. CABI 353812) (e.g.
  • BIOKUPRUMTM by AgriLife (B2.91) Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular strain LASO2 (from Agro-Levures et Derives), strain LAS117 cell walls (CEREVISANE® from Lesaffre; ROMEO® from BASF SE), strains CNCM No. I-3936, CNCM No. I-3937, CNCM No. I-3938, CNCM No. I-3939 (WO 2010/086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR; (B2.92) Trichoderma virens strain G-41 , formerly known as Gliocladium virens (Accession No.
  • ATCC 20906 (e.g., ROOTSHIELD® PLUS WP and TURFSHIELD® PLUS WP from BioWorks, US); (B2.93) Trichoderma hamatum, having Accession No. ATCC 28012; (B2.94) Ampelomyces quisqualis strain AQ10, having Accession No.
  • CNCM I-807 e.g., AQ 10® by IntrachemBio Italia
  • B2.95 Phlebiopsis gigantea strain VRA 1992 (ROTSTOP® C from Danstar Ferment);
  • Penicillium steckii DM 27859; WO 2015/067800) from BASF SE;
  • B2.97 Chaetomium globosum (available as RIVADIOM® by Rivale);
  • B2.100 Dilophosphora alopecuri
  • B2.101 Fusarium oxysporum, strain Fo47 (available as FUSACLEAN® by Natural Plant Protection);
  • B2.102 Pseudozyma flocculosa, strain PF-A22 UL (available as SPORODEX® L by Plant Products Co., CA);
  • B2.103 Phlebiopsis gigantea strain VR
  • strain ICC 080 IMI CC 392151 CABI
  • BIODERMA® AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.
  • B2.104 Trichoderma fertile (e.g. product TrichoPlus from BASF);
  • B2.105 Muscodor roseus, in particular strain A3-5 (Accession No. NRRL 30548);
  • B2.106 Simplicillium lanosoniveum; biological control agents having an effect for improving plant growth and/or plant health which may be combined in the compound combinations according to the invention including
  • C1 bacteria selected from the group consisting of Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (having Accession No. NRRL No. B-30087); Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (having NRRL Accession No. B-21661and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051 ; available as SERENADE® OPTI or SERENADE® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US); Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain AQ30002 (having Accession Nos. NRRL B-50421 and described in U.S. Patent Application No.
  • Bacillus subtilis in particular strain AQ30004 (and NRRL B-50455 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/330,576); Sinorhizobium meliloti strain NRG-185-1 (NITRAGIN® GOLD from Bayer CropScience); Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (available as TEQUALIS® from BASF SE); Bacillus subtilis rm303 (RHIZOMAX® from Biofilm Crop Protection); Bacillus amyloliquefaciens pm414 (LOLI- PEPTA® from Biofilm Crop Protection); Bacillus mycoides BT155 (NRRL No. B-50921), Bacillus mycoides EE118 (NRRL No.
  • Bacillus mycoides EE141 (NRRL No. B-50916), Bacillus mycoides BT46-3 (NRRL No. B-50922), Bacillus cereus family member EE128 (NRRL No. B-50917), Bacillus thuringiensis BT013A (NRRL No. B-50924) also known as Bacillus thuringiensis 4Q7, Bacillus cereus family member EE349 (NRRL No.
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SB3281 ATCC # PTA- 7542; WO 2017/205258
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 available as QUIKROOTS® from Novozymes
  • Bacillus firmus in particular strain CNMC 1-1582 (e.g. VOTIVO® from BASF SE)
  • Bacillus pumilus in particular strain GB34 (e.g. YIELD SHIELD® from Bayer Crop Science, DE); Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain IN937a; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain FZB42 (e.g.
  • RHIZOVITAL®from ABiTEP, DE Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BS27 (Accession No. NRRL B-5015); a mixture of Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (available as QUARTZO® (WG), PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation); Bacillus cereus, in particular strain BP01 (ATCC 55675; e.g. MEPICHLOR® from Arysta Lifescience, US); Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain MBI 600 (e.g. SUBTILEX® from BASF SE); Bradyrhizobium japonicum (e.g.
  • OPTIMIZE® from Novozymes
  • Mesorhizobium cicer e.g., NODULATOR from BASF SE
  • Rhizobium leguminosarium biovar viciae e.g., NODULATOR from BASF SE
  • Delftia acidovorans in particular strain RAY209 (e.g. BIOBOOST® from Brett Young Seeds)
  • Lactobacillus sp. e.g. LACTOPLANT® from LactoPAFI
  • Paenibacillus polymyxa in particular strain AC-1 (e.g. TOPSEED® from Green Biotech Company Ltd.); Pseudomonas proradix (e.g.
  • PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena
  • Azospirillum brasilense e.g., VIGOR® from KALO, Inc.
  • Azospirillum lipoferum e.g., VERTEX-IFTM from TerraMax, Inc.
  • a mixture of Azotobacter vinelandii and Clostridium pasteurianum available as INVIGORATE® from Agrinos
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa in particular strain PN1
  • Rhizobium leguminosarum in particular bv. viceae strain Z25 (Accession No.
  • C2 fungi selected from the group consisting of Purpureocillium lilacinum (previously known as Paecilomyces lilacinus) strain 251 (AGAL 89/030550; e.g. BioAct from Bayer CropScience Biologies GmbH)Penicillium bilaii, strain ATCC 22348 (e.g. Jumpstart® from Acceleron BioAg), Talaromyces flavus, strain V117b; Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM 1-1237 (e.g. Esquive® WP from Agrauxine, FR), Trichoderma viride, e.g.
  • Purpureocillium lilacinum previously known as Paecilomyces lilacinus
  • strain ATCC 22348 e.g. Jumpstart® from Acceleron BioAg
  • Talaromyces flavus strain V117b
  • Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM 1-1237
  • Trichoderma atroviride strain LC52 also known as Trichoderma atroviride strain LU132; e.g. Sentinel from Agrimm Technologies Limited
  • Trichoderma atroviride strain SC1 described in International Application No. PCT/IT2008/000196
  • Trichoderma asperellum strain kd e.g. T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol
  • Trichoderma asperellum strain Eco-T Plantt Health Products, ZA
  • Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 e.g.
  • Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert Myrothecium verrucaria strain AARC-0255 (e.g. DiTeraTM from Valent Biosciences); Penicillium bilaii strain ATCC ATCC20851 ; Pythium oligandrum strain M1 (ATCC 38472; e.g. Polyversum from Bioprepraty, CZ); Trichoderma virens strain GL-21 (e.g. SoilGard® from Certis, USA); Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae) strain WCS850 (CBS 276.92; e.g. Dutch Trig from Tree Care Innovations); Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain no.
  • AARC-0255 e.g. DiTeraTM from Valent Biosciences
  • Penicillium bilaii strain ATCC ATCC20851 e.g. DiTeraTM from Valent Biosciences
  • (D1) bacteria selected from the group consisting of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372; e.g. XENTARI® from Valent BioSciences); Bacillus mycoides, isolate J. (e.g. BmJ from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.); Bacillus sphaericus, in particular Serotype H5a5b strain 2362 (strain ABTS-1743) (e.g. VECTOLEX® from Valent BioSciences, US); Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
  • israelensis strain BMP 144 (e.g.
  • Burkholderia spp. in particular Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396 (also known as Burkholderia rinojensis strain MBI 305) (Accession No. NRRL B-50319; WO 2011/106491 and WO 2013/032693; e.g. MBI-206 TGAI and ZELTO® from Marrone Bio Innovations); Chromobacterium subtsugae, in particular strain PRAA4-1T (MBI-203; e.g. GRANDEVO® from Marrone Bio Innovations); Paenibacillus popilliae (formerly Bacillus popilliae; e.g.
  • MILKY SPORE POWDERTM and MILKY SPORE GRANULARTM from St. Gabriel Laboratories Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (serotype H-14) strain AM65-52 (Accession No. ATCC 1276) (e.g. VECTOBAC® by Valent BioSciences, US); Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki strain EVB-113-19 (e.g., BIOPROTEC® from AEF Global); Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain NB 176 (SD-5428; e.g. NOVODOR® FC from BioFa DE); Bacillus thuringiensis var.
  • (D2) fungi selected from the group consisting of Isaria fumosorosea (previously known as Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) strain apopka 97; Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040 (e.g. NATURALIS® from Intrachem Bio Italia); Beauveria bassiana strain GHA (Accession No. ATCC74250; e.g.
  • viruses selected from the group consisting of Adoxophyes orana (summer fruit tortrix) granulosis virus (GV), Cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulosis virus (GV), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) mNPV, Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) mNPV, and Spodoptera littoralis (African cotton leafworm) NPV;
  • (F) bacteria and fungi which can be added as 'inoculant' to plants or plant parts or plant organs and which, by virtue of their particular properties, promote plant growth and plant health.
  • Examples are: Agrobacterium spp., Azorhizobium caulinodans, Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Burkholderia spp., in particular Burkholderia cepacia (formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia), Gigaspora spp., or Gigaspora monosporum, Glomus spp., Laccaria spp., Lactobacillus buchneri, Paraglomus spp., Pisolithus tinctorus, Pseudomonas spp., Rhizobium spp., in particular Rhizobium trifolii, Rhizopogon spp., Scleroderma spp.
  • G plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms including proteins and secondary metabolites which can be used as biological control agents, such as Allium sativum, Artemisia absinthium, azadirachtin, Biokeeper WP, Cassia nigricans, Celastrus angulatus, Chenopodium anthelminticum, chitin, Armour-Zen, Dryopteris filix-mas, Equisetum arvense, Fortune Aza, Fungastop, Heads Up (Chenopodium quinoa saponin extract), Pyrethrum/Pyrethrins, Quassia amara, Quercus, Quillaja, Regalia, "Requiem TM Insecticide", rotenone, ryan/a/ryanodine, Symphytum officinale, Tanacetum vulgare, thymol, Triact 70, TriCon, Tropaeulum majus, Urtica dioica, Veratrin, Viscum album
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) be combined with one or more active ingredients selected from insecticides, acaricides and nematicides.
  • Insecticides as well as the term “insecticidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of insects. As used herein, the term “insects” comprises all organisms in the class “Insecta”.
  • nematode and “nematicidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit the growth rate of nematodes.
  • nematode comprises eggs, larvae, juvenile and mature forms of said organism.
  • Acaricide and “acaricidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of ectoparasites belonging to the class Arachnida, sub-class Acari.
  • insecticides examples include insecticides, acaricides and nematicides, respectively, which could be mixed with the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (l)are:
  • Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors such as, for example, carbamates, for example alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb; or organophosphates, for example acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifo
  • GABA-gated chloride channel blockers such as, for example, cyclodiene-organochlorines, for example chlordane and endosulfan or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles), for example ethiprole and fipronil.
  • Sodium channel modulators such as, for example, pyrethroids, e.g. acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin s-cyclopentenyl isomer, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(1 R)-trans-isomer], deltamethrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(1 R)-i
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators such as, for example, neonicotinoids, e.g. acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam or nicotine or sulfoxaflor or flupyradifurone.
  • neonicotinoids e.g. acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam or nicotine or sulfoxaflor or flupyradifurone.
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators such as, for example, spinosyns, e.g. spinetoram and spinosad.
  • Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCI) allosteric modulators such as, for example, avermectins/milbemycins, for example abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin and milbemectin.
  • Juvenile hormone mimics such as, for example, juvenile hormone analogues, e.g. hydroprene, kinoprene and methoprene or fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen.
  • Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors such as, for example, alkyl halides, e.g. methyl bromide and other alkyl halides; or chloropicrine or sulfuryl fluoride or borax or tartar emetic or methyl isocyanate generators, e.g. diazomet and metam.
  • alkyl halides e.g. methyl bromide and other alkyl halides
  • chloropicrine or sulfuryl fluoride or borax or tartar emetic or methyl isocyanate generators e.g. diazomet and metam.
  • Mite growth inhibitors such as, for example clofentezine, hexythiazox and diflovidazin or etoxazole.
  • Microbial disruptors of the insect gut membrane such as, for example Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and B.t. plant proteins: CrylAb, CrylAc, Cryl Fa, Cry1A.1 O5, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34Ab1/35Ab1 .
  • Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase such as, ATP disruptors such as, for example, diafenthiuron or organotin compounds, for example azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide or propargite or tetradifon.
  • ATP disruptors such as, for example, diafenthiuron or organotin compounds, for example azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide or propargite or tetradifon.
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers such as, for example, bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocylam, and thiosultap-sodium.
  • Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, such as, for example, bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron.
  • Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type 1 , for example buprofezin.
  • Moulting disruptor in particular for Diptera, i.e. dipterans, such as, for example, cyromazine.
  • Ecdysone receptor agonists such as, for example, chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide.
  • Octopamine receptor agonists such as, for example, amitraz.
  • Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors such as, for example, hydramethylnone or acequinocyl or fluacrypyrim.
  • Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors such as, for example from the group of the METI acaricides, e.g. fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad or rotenone (Derris).
  • METI acaricides e.g. fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad or rotenone (Derris).
  • Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers such as, for example indoxacarb or metaflumizone.
  • Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase such as, for example, tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives, e.g. spirodiclofen, spiromesifen and spirotetramat.
  • Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors such as, for example, phosphines, e.g. aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine and zinc phosphide or cyanides, e.g. calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide.
  • Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors such as, for example, beta-ketonitrile derivatives, e.g. cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen and carboxanilides, such as, for example, pyflubumide.
  • Ryanodine receptor modulators such as, for example, diamides, e.g. chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide, further active compounds such as, for example, Afidopyropen, Afoxolaner, Azadirachtin, Benclothiaz, Benzoximate, Bifenazate, Broflanilide, Bromopropylate, Chinomethionat, Chloroprallethrin, Cryolite, Cyclaniliprole, Cycloxaprid, Cyhalodiamide, Dicloromezotiaz, Dicofol, epsilon-Metofluthrin, epsilon- Momfluthrin, Flometoquin, Fluazaindolizine, Fluensulfone, Flufenerim, Flufenoxystrobin, Flufiprole, Fluhexafon, Fluopyram, Fluralaner, Fluxamet
  • WO 2011/085575 A1 (CAS 1233882-22-8), 4-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-[(3,3-dichloro-2-propen-1-yl)oxy] phenoxy]propoxy]-2-methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidine (known from CN 101337940 A) (CAS 1108184-52-6); (2E)- and 2(Z)-2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-A/-[4- (difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide (known from CN 101715774 A) (CAS 1232543-85-9); 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-(1 H -benzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester (known from CN 103524422
  • herbicides which could be mixed with the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (l)are:
  • plant growth regulators are:
  • nitrification inhibitors wich can be mixed with the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (l)are selected from the group consisting of 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl)succinic acid, 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl)succinic acid, 3,4- dimethyl pyrazolium glycolate, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazolium citrate, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazolium lactate, 3,4- dimethyl pyrazolium mandelate, 1 ,2,4-triazole, 4-Chloro-3-methylpyrazole, N-((3(5)-methyl-1 H- pyrazole-1 -yl)methyl)acetamide, N-((3(5)-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl)methyl)formamide, N-((3(5),4- dimethylpyrazole-1-yl)methyl)formamide, N-((4-ch
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may be combined with one or more agriculturally beneficial agents.
  • agriculturally beneficial agents include biostimulants, plant growth regulators, plant signal molecules, growth enhancers, microbial stimulating molecules, biomolecules, soil amendments, nutrients, plant nutrient enhancers, etc., such as lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCO), chitooligosaccharides (CO), chitinous compounds, flavonoids, jasmonic acid or derivatives thereof (e.g., jasmonates), cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, absiscic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids, salicylates, macro- and micro-nutrients, linoleic acid or derivatives thereof, linolenic acid or derivatives thereof, karrikins, and beneficial microorganisms (e.g., Rhizobium spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Sinorhizobium spp., Azorhizobium spp., Glomus spp., Gigaspora
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) have potent microbicidal activity and/or plant defense modulating potential. They can be used for controlling unwanted microorganisms, such as unwanted fungi and bacteria, on plants. They can be particularly useful in crop protection (they control microorganisms that cause plants diseases) or for protecting materials (e.g. industrial materials, timber, storage goods) as described in more details herein below. More specifically, the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) can be used to protect seeds, germinating seeds, emerged seedlings, plants, plant parts, fruits, harvest goods and/or the soil in which the plants grow from unwanted microorganisms.
  • Control or controlling as used herein encompasses protective, curative and eradicative treatment of unwanted microorganisms.
  • Unwanted microorganisms may be pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic virus, pathogenic oomycetes or pathogenic fungi, more specifically phytopathogenic bacteria, phytopathogenic virus, phytopathogenic oomycetes or phytopathogenic fungi. As detailed herein below, these phytopathogenic microorganims are the causal agents of a broad spectrum of plants diseases.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) can be used as fungicides.
  • fungicide refers to a compound or composition that can be used in crop protection for the control of unwanted fungi, such as Plasmodiophoromycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes and/or for the control of Oomycetes.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also be used as antibacterial agent.
  • they may be used in crop protection, for example for the control of unwanted bacteria, such as Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Streptomycetaceae.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also be used as antiviral agent in crop protection.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may have effects on diseases from plant viruses, such as the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tobacco rattle virus, tobacco stunt virus (TStuV), tobacco leaf curl virus (VLCV), tobacco nervilia mosaic virus (TVBMV), tobacco necrotic dwarf virus (TNDV), tobacco streak virus (TSV), potato virus X (PVX), potato viruses Y, S, M, and A, potato acuba mosaic virus (PAMV), potato mop-top virus (PMTV), potato leaf-roll virus (PLRV), alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), cucumber green mottlemosaic virus (CGMMV), cucumber yellows virus (CuYV), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV), sugarcane mosaic virus
  • the present invention also relates to a method for controlling unwanted microorganisms, such as unwanted fungi, oomycetes and bacteria, on plants comprising the step of applying at least one compound of formula (I) or at least one composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) to the microorganisms and/or their habitat (to the plants, plant parts, seeds, fruits or to the soil in which the plants grow).
  • unwanted microorganisms such as unwanted fungi, oomycetes and bacteria
  • Suitable substrates that may be used for cultivating plants include inorganic based substrates, such as mineral wool, in particular stone wool, perlite, sand or gravel; organic substrates, such as peat, pine bark or sawdust; and petroleum based substrates such as polymeric foams or plastic beads.
  • Effective and plant-compatible amount means an amount that is sufficient to control or destroy the fungi present or liable to appear on the cropland and that does not entail any appreciable symptom of phytotoxicity for said crops. Such an amount can vary within a wide range depending on the fungus to be controlled, the type of crop, the crop growth stage, the climatic conditions and the respective compound of formula (I) or composition used. This amount can be determined by systematic field trials that are within the capabilities of a person skilled in the art.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may be applied to any plants or plant parts.
  • Plants mean all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants).
  • Crop plants may be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the genetically modified plants (GMO or transgenic plants) and the plant cultivars which are protectable and non-protectable by plant breeders’ rights.
  • Plant cultivars are understood to mean plants which have new properties ("traits”) and have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. They can be cultivars, varieties, bio- or genotypes.
  • Plant parts are understood to mean all parts and organs of plants above and below the ground, such as shoots, leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and rhizomes.
  • the plant parts also include harvested material and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, slips and seeds.
  • Plants which may be treated in accordance with the methods of the invention include the following: cotton, flax, grapevine, fruit, vegetables, such as Rosaceae sp. (for example pome fruits such as apples and pears, but also stone fruits such as apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches, and soft fruits such as strawberries), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp., Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp.
  • Rosaceae sp. for example pome fruits such as apples and pears, but also stone fruits such as apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches, and soft fruits such as strawberries
  • Rosaceae sp. for example pome fruits such as apples and pears, but also
  • Rubiaceae sp. for example coffee
  • Theaceae sp. Sterculiceae sp.
  • Rutaceae sp. for example lemons, oranges and grapefruit
  • Solanaceae sp. for example tomatoes
  • Liliaceae sp. for example lettuce
  • Umbelliferae sp. for example lettuce
  • Alliaceae sp. for example leek, onion
  • peas for example peas
  • major crop plants such as Gramineae sp. (for example maize, turf, cereals such as wheat, rye, rice, barley, oats, millet and triticale), Asteraceae sp. (for example sunflower), Brassicaceae sp. (for example white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, pak choi, kohlrabi, radishes, and oilseed rape, mustard, horseradish and cress), Fabacae sp. (for example bean, peanuts), Papilionaceae sp. (for example soya bean), Solanaceae sp. (for example potatoes), Chenopodiaceae sp. (for example sugar beet, fodder beet, swiss chard, beetroot); useful plants and ornamental plants for gardens and wooded areas; and genetically modified varieties of each of these plants.
  • Plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include plants and plant cultivars which are resistant against one or more biotic stresses, i.e. said plants show a better defense against animal and microbial pests, such as against nematodes, insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses and/or viroids.
  • Plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include those plants which are resistant to one or more abiotic stresses.
  • Abiotic stress conditions may include, for example, drought, cold temperature exposure, heat exposure, osmotic stress, flooding, increased soil salinity, increased mineral exposure, ozone exposure, high light exposure, limited availability of nitrogen nutrients, limited availability of phosphorus nutrients, shade avoidance.
  • Plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include those plants characterized by enhanced yield characteristics. Increased yield in said plants may be the result of, for example, improved plant physiology, growth and development, such as water use efficiency, water retention efficiency, improved nitrogen use, enhanced carbon assimilation, improved photosynthesis, increased germination efficiency and accelerated maturation. Yield may furthermore be affected by improved plant architecture (under stress and non-stress conditions), including but not limited to, early flowering, flowering control for hybrid seed production, seedling vigor, plant size, internode number and distance, root growth, seed size, fruit size, pod size, pod or ear number, seed number per pod or ear, seed mass, enhanced seed filling, reduced seed dispersal, reduced pod dehiscence and lodging resistance. Further yield traits include seed composition, such as carbohydrate content and composition for example cotton or starch, protein content, oil content and composition, nutritional value, reduction in anti-nutritional compounds, improved processability and better storage stability.
  • Plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include plants and plant cultivars which are hybrid plants that already express the characteristic of heterosis or hybrid vigor which results in generally higher yield, vigor, health and resistance towards biotic and abiotic stresses.
  • the compound according to the invention can be advantageously used to treat transgenic plants, plant cultivars or plant parts that received genetic material which imparts advantageous and/or useful properties (traits) to these plants, plant cultivars or plant parts. Therefore, it is contemplated that the present invention may be combined with one or more recombinant traits or transgenic event(s) or a combination thereof.
  • a transgenic event is created by the insertion of a specific recombinant DNA molecule into a specific position (locus) within the chromosome of the plant genome.
  • the insertion creates a novel DNA sequence referred to as an “event” and is characterized by the inserted recombinant DNA molecule and some amount of genomic DNA immediately adjacent to/flanking both ends of the inserted DNA.
  • trait(s) or transgenic event(s) include, but are not limited to, pest resistance, water use efficiency, yield performance, drought tolerance, seed quality, improved nutritional quality, hybrid seed production, and herbicide tolerance, in which the trait is measured with respect to a plant lacking such trait or transgenic event.
  • Such advantageous and/or useful properties are better plant growth, vigor, stress tolerance, standability, lodging resistance, nutrient uptake, plant nutrition, and/or yield, in particular improved growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to levels of water or soil salinity, enhanced flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated ripening, higher yields, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage life and/or processability of the harvested products, and increased resistance against animal and microbial pests, such as against insects, arachnids, nematodes, mites, slugs and snails.
  • Bt Cry or VIP proteins which include the CrylA, CrylAb, CrylAc, CryllA, CrylllA, CrylllB2, Cry9c Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CrylF proteins or toxic fragments thereof and also hybrids or combinations thereof, especially the CrylF protein or hybrids derived from a CrylF protein (e.g. hybrid CrylA-CrylF proteins or toxic fragments thereof), the CrylA-type proteins or toxic fragments thereof, preferably the CrylAc protein or hybrids derived from the CrylAc protein (e.g.
  • hybrid CrylAb-CrylAc proteins or the CrylAb or Bt2 protein or toxic fragments thereof, the Cry2Ae, Cry2Af or Cry2Ag proteins or toxic fragments thereof, the CrylA.105 protein or a toxic fragment thereof, the VIP3Aa19 protein, the VIP3Aa20 protein, the VIP3A proteins produced in the COT202 or COT203 cotton events, the VIP3Aa protein or a toxic fragment thereof as described in Estruch et al. (1996), Proc Natl Acad Sci US A.
  • Another and particularly emphasized example of such properties is conferred tolerance to one or more herbicides, for example imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinothricin.
  • herbicides for example imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinothricin.
  • DNA sequences encoding proteins which confer properties of tolerance to certain herbicides on the transformed plant cells and plants mention will be particularly be made to the bar or PAT gene or the Streptomyces coelicolor gene described in W02009/152359 which confers tolerance to glufosinate herbicides, a gene encoding a suitable EPSPS (5-Enolpyruvylshikimat-3-phosphat-synthase) which confers tolerance to herbicides having EPSPS as a target, especially herbicides such as glyphosate and its salts, a gene encoding glyphosate
  • herbicide tolerance traits include at least one ALS (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor (e.g. W02007/024782), a mutated Arabidopsis ALS/AHAS gene (e.g. U.S. Patent 6,855,533), genes encoding 2,4-D-monooxygenases conferring tolerance to 2,4-D (2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and genes encoding Dicamba monooxygenases conferring tolerance to dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2- methoxybenzoic acid).
  • ALS acetolactate synthase
  • W02007/024782 e.g. W02007/024782
  • a mutated Arabidopsis ALS/AHAS gene e.g. U.S. Patent 6,855,533
  • Yet another example of such properties is resistance to one or more phytopathogenic fungi, for example Asian Soybean Rust.
  • DNA sequences encoding proteins which confer properties of resistance to such diseases mention will particularly be made of the genetic material from glycine tomentella, for example from any one of publically available accession lines PI441001 , PI483224, PI583970, PI446958, PI499939, PI505220, PI499933, PI441008, PI505256 or PI446961 as described in W02019/103918.
  • SAR systemic acquired resistance
  • phytoalexins phytoalexins
  • elicitors resistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins.
  • Particularly useful transgenic events in transgenic plants or plant cultivars which can be treated with preference in accordance with the invention include Event 531/ PV-GHBK04 (cotton, insect control, described in W02002/040677), Event 1 143-14A (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in W02006/128569); Event 1 143-51 B (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in W02006/128570); Event 1445 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in US-A 2002- 120964 or W02002/034946); Event 17053 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-9843, described in WO2010/1 17737); Event 17314 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-9844, described in WO2010/1 17735); Event 281 -24-236 (cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-6233, described in W02005/103266 or US-A 2005-216969); Event 3006-210-23 (cotton, insect control
  • Event BLRI (oilseed rape, restoration of male sterility, deposited as NCIMB 41 193, described in W02005/074671), Event CE43-67B (cotton, insect control, deposited as DSM ACC2724, described in US-A 2009-217423 or W02006/128573); Event CE44-69D (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in US-A 2010- 0024077); Event CE44- 69D (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in W02006/128571); Event CE46-02A (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in W02006/128572); Event COT102 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in US-A 2006-130175 or W02004/039986); Event COT202 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in US-A 2007-067868 or W02005/054479); Event COT203 (cotton, insect control, not deposited,
  • transgenic event(s) is provided by the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and can be found on their website on the world wide web at aphis.usda.gov. For this application, the status of such list as it is/was on the filing date of this application, is relevant.
  • the genes/events which impart the desired traits in question may also be present in combinations with one another in the transgenic plants.
  • transgenic plants which may be mentioned are the important crop plants, such as cereals (wheat, rice, triticale, barley, rye, oats), maize, soya beans, potatoes, sugar beet, sugar cane, tomatoes, peas and other types of vegetable, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape and also fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapes), with particular emphasis being given to maize, soya beans, wheat, rice, potatoes, cotton, sugar cane, tobacco and oilseed rape.
  • Traits which are particularly emphasized are the increased resistance of the plants to insects, arachnids, nematodes and slugs and snails, as well as the increased resistance of the plants to one or more herbicides.
  • Non-limiting examples of pathogens of fungal diseases which may be treated in accordance with the invention include: diseases caused by powdery mildew pathogens, for example Blumeria species, for example Blumeria graminis; Podosphaera species, for example Podosphaera leucotricha; Sphaerotheca species, for example Sphaerotheca fuliginea; Uncinula species, for example Uncinula necator, diseases caused by rust disease pathogens, for example Gymnosporangium species, for example Gymnosporangium sabinae; Hemileia species, for example Hemileia vastatrix; Phakopsora species, for example Phakopsora pachyrhizi or Phakopsora meibomiae; Puccinia species, for example Puccinia recondita, Puccinia graminis Oder Puccinia striiformis; Uromyces species, for example Uromyces appendiculat
  • brassicae Phytophthora species, for example Phytophthora infestans; Plasmopara species, for example Plasmopara viticola; Pseudoperonospora species, for example Pseudoperonospora humuli or Pseudoperonospora cubensis; Pythium species, for example Pythium ultimum; leaf blotch diseases and leaf wilt diseases caused, for example, by Alternaria species, for example Altemaria solani; Cercospora species, for example Cercospora beticola; Cladiosporium species, for example Cladiosporium cucumerinunr, Cochliobolus species, for example Cochliobolus sativus (conidial form: Drechslera, syn: Helminthosporium) or Cochliobolus miyabeanus; Colletotrichum species, for example Colletotrichum lindemuthanium
  • Pseudomonas species for example Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans
  • Erwinia species for example Erwinia amylovora
  • Liberibacter species for example Liberibacter asiaticus
  • Xyella species for example Xylella fastidiosa
  • Ralstonia species for example Ralstonia solanacearum
  • Dickeya species for example Dickeya solani
  • Clavibacter species for example Clavibacter michiganensis
  • Streptomyces species for example Streptomyces scabies. diseases of soya beans:
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may reduce the mycotoxin content in the harvested material and the foods and feeds prepared therefrom.
  • Mycotoxins include particularly, but not exclusively, the following: deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, 15-Ac-DON, 3-Ac-DON, T2- and HT2-toxin, fumonisins, zearalenon, moniliformin, fusarin, diaceotoxyscirpenol (DAS), beauvericin, enniatin, fusaroproliferin, fusarenol, ochratoxins, patulin, ergot alkaloids and aflatoxins which can be produced, for example, by the following fungi: Fusarium spec., such as F.
  • verticillioides and also by Aspergillus spec., such as A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, A. ochraceus, A. clavatus, A. terreus, A. versicolor, Penicillium spec., such as P. verrucosum, P. viridicatum, P. citrinum, P. expansum, P. claviforme, P. roqueforti, Claviceps spec., such as C. purpurea, C. fusiformis, C. paspali, C. africana, Stachybotrys spec, and others.
  • Aspergillus spec. such as A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, A. ochraceus, A. clavatus, A. terreus, A. versicolor, Penicillium spec., such as P. verrucosum, P. viridicatum, P. citr
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also be used in the protection of materials, especially for the protection of industrial materials against attack and destruction by phytopathogenic fungi.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may be used as antifouling compositions, alone or in combinations with other active ingredients.
  • Industrial materials in the present context are understood to mean inanimate materials which have been prepared for use in industry.
  • industrial materials which are to be protected from microbial alteration or destruction may be adhesives, glues, paper, wallpaper and board/cardboard, textiles, carpets, leather, wood, fibers and tissues, paints and plastic articles, cooling lubricants and other materials which can be infected with or destroyed by microorganisms.
  • Parts of production plants and buildings, for example cooling-water circuits, cooling and heating systems and ventilation and air-conditioning units, which may be impaired by the proliferation of microorganisms may also be mentioned within the scope of the materials to be protected.
  • Industrial materials within the scope of the present invention preferably include adhesives, sizes, paper and card, leather, wood, paints, cooling lubricants and heat transfer fluids, more preferably wood.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may prevent adverse effects, such as rotting, decay, discoloration, decoloration or formation of mould.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also be used against fungal diseases liable to grow on or inside timber.
  • Timber means all types of species of wood, and all types of working of this wood intended for construction, for example solid wood, high-density wood, laminated wood, and plywood.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may be used to protect objects which come into contact with saltwater or brackish water, especially hulls, screens, nets, buildings, moorings and signalling systems, from fouling.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also be employed for protecting storage goods.
  • Storage goods are understood to mean natural substances of vegetable or animal origin or processed products thereof which are of natural origin, and for which long-term protection is desired.
  • Storage goods of vegetable origin for example plants or plant parts, such as stems, leaves, tubers, seeds, fruits, grains, may be protected freshly harvested or after processing by (pre)drying, moistening, comminuting, grinding, pressing or roasting.
  • Storage goods also include timber, both unprocessed, such as construction timber, electricity poles and barriers, or in the form of finished products, such as furniture.
  • Storage goods of animal origin are, for example, hides, leather, furs and hairs.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may prevent adverse effects, such as rotting, decay, discoloration, decoloration or formation of mould.
  • Microorganisms capable of degrading or altering industrial materials include, for example, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and slime organisms.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (l) preferably act against fungi, especially moulds, wood-discoloring and wooddestroying fungi Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Zygomycetes), and against slime organisms and algae.
  • microorganisms of the following genera Alternaria, such as Altemaria tenuis; Aspergillus, such as Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium, such as Chaetomium globosum; Coniophora, such as Coniophora puetana; Lentinus, such as Lentinus tigrinus; Penicillium, such as Penicillium glaucum; Polyporus, such as Polyporus versicolor, Aureobasidium, such as Aureobasidium pullulans; Sclerophoma, such as Sclerophoma pityophila Trichoderma, such as Trichoderma viride; Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophyllum spp., Pleurotus spp., Poria spp
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also be used to protect seeds from unwanted microorganisms, such as phytopathogenic microorganisms, for instance phytopathogenic fungi or phytopathogenic oomycetes.
  • seed(s) as used herein include dormant seeds, primed seeds, pregerminated seeds and seeds with emerged roots and leaves.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for protecting seeds from unwanted microorganisms which comprises the step of treating the seeds with the compound of formula (I) or the composition.
  • the treatment of seeds with the compound of formula (I) or the composition protects the seeds from phytopathogenic microorganisms, but also protects the germinating seeds, the emerging seedlings and the plants after emergence from the treated seeds. Therefore, the present invention also relates to a method for protecting seeds, germinating seeds and emerging seedlings.
  • the seeds treatment may be performed prior to sowing, at the time of sowing or shortly thereafter.
  • the seeds treatment may be performed as follows: the seeds may be placed into a mixer with a desired amount of the compound of formula (I) or the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I), the seeds and the compound of formula (I) or the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) are mixed until an homogeneous distribution on seeds is achieved. If appropriate, the seeds may then be dried.
  • the invention also relates to seeds coated with the compound of formula (I) or the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I).
  • the seeds are treated in a state in which it is sufficiently stable for no damage to occur in the course of treatment.
  • seeds can be treated at any time between harvest and shortly after sowing. It is customary to use seeds which have been separated from the plant and freed from cobs, shells, stalks, coats, hairs or the flesh of the fruits. For example, it is possible to use seeds which have been harvested, cleaned and dried down to a moisture content of less than 15% by weight. Alternatively, it is also possible to use seeds which, after drying, for example, have been treated with water and then dried again, or seeds just after priming, or seeds stored in primed conditions or pre-germinated seeds, or seeds sown on nursery trays, tapes or paper.
  • the amount of the compound of formula (I) or the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) applied to the seeds is typically such that the germination of the seed is not impaired, or that the resulting plant is not damaged. This must be ensured particularly in case the the compound of formula (I) would exhibit phytotoxic effects at certain application rates.
  • the intrinsic phenotypes of transgenic plants should also be taken into consideration when determining the amount of the compound of formula (I) to be applied to the seed in orderto achieve optimum seed and germinating plant protection with a minimum amount of compound being employed.
  • the compound of formula (I) can be applied as such, directly to the seeds, i.e. without the use of any other components and without having been diluted. Also the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) can be applied to the seeds.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (l) are suitable for protecting seeds of any plant variety.
  • Preferred seeds are that of cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye, millet, triticale, and oats), oilseed rape, maize, cotton, soybean, rice, potatoes, sunflower, beans, coffee, peas, beet (e.g. sugar beet and fodder beet), peanut, vegetables (such as tomato, cucumber, onions and lettuce), lawns and ornamental plants. More preferred are seeds of wheat, soybean, oilseed rape, maize and rice.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may be used for treating transgenic seeds, in particular seeds of plants capable of expressing a polypeptide or protein which acts against pests, herbicidal damage or abiotic stress, thereby increasing the protective effect.
  • Seeds of plants capable of expressing a polypeptide or protein which acts against pests, herbicidal damage or abiotic stress may contain at least one heterologous gene which allows the expression of said polypeptide or protein.
  • These heterologous genes in transgenic seeds may originate, for example, from microorganisms of the species Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus or Gliocladium.
  • These heterologous genes preferably originate from Bacillus sp., in which case the gene product is effective against the European corn borer and/or the Western corn rootworm.
  • the heterologous genes originate from Bacillus thuringiensis.
  • the compound of formula (I) can be applied as such, or for example in the form of as ready-to-use solutions, emulsions, water- or oil-based suspensions, powders, wettable powders, pastes, soluble powders, dusts, soluble granules, granules for broadcasting, suspoemulsion concentrates, natural products impregnated with the compound of formula (I), synthetic substances impregnated with the compound of formula (I), fertilizers or microencapsulations in polymeric substances.
  • Application is accomplished in a customary manner, for example by watering, spraying, atomizing, broadcasting, dusting, foaming or spreading-on. It is also possible to deploy the compound of formula (I) by the ultra-low volume method, via a drip irrigation system or drench application, to apply it in-furrow or to inject it into the soil stem or trunk. It is further possible to apply the compound of formula (I) by means of a wound seal, paint or other wound dressing.
  • the effective and plant-compatible amount of the compound of formula (I) which is applied to the plants, plant parts, fruits, seeds or soil will depend on various factors, such as the compound/composition employed, the subject of the treatment (plant, plant part, fruit, seed or soil), the type of treatment (dusting, spraying, seed dressing), the purpose of the treatment (curative and protective), the type of microorganisms, the development stage of the microorganisms, the sensitivity of the microorganisms, the crop growth stage and the environmental conditions.
  • the application rates can vary within a relatively wide range, depending on the kind of application.
  • the application rate may range from 0.1 to 10 000 g/ha, preferably from 10 to 1000 g/ha, more preferably from 50 to 300 g/ha (in the case of application by watering or dripping, it is even possible to reduce the application rate, especially when inert substrates such as rockwool or perlite are used).
  • the application rate may range from 0.1 to 200 g per 100 kg of seeds, preferably from 1 to 150 g per 100 kg of seeds, more preferably from 2.5 to 25 g per 100 kg of seeds, even more preferably from 2.5 to 12.5 g per 100 kg of seeds.
  • the application rate may range from 0.1 to 10 000 g/ha, preferably from 1 to 5000 g/ha.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) can be used in combination with models e.g. embedded in computer programs for site specific crop management, satellite farming, precision farming or precision agriculture.
  • models support the site specific management of agricultural sites with data from various sources such as soils, weather, crops (e.g. type, growth stage, plant health), weeds (e.g. type, growth stage), diseases, pests, nutrients, water, moisture, biomass, satellite data, yield etc. with the purpose to optimize profitability, sustainability and protection of the environment.
  • models can help to optimize agronomical decisions, control the precision of pesticide applications and record the work performed.
  • the compound of formula (I) can be applied to a crop plant according to appropriate dose regime if a model models the development of a fungal disease and calculates that a threshold has been reached for which it is recommendable to apply the compound of formula (I) to the crop plant.
  • the compound of formula (I) can also be used in combination with smart spraying equipment such as e.g. spot spraying or precision spraying equipment attached to or housed within a farm vehicle such as a tractor, robot, helicopter, airplane, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) such as a drone, etc.
  • smart spraying equipment such as e.g. spot spraying or precision spraying equipment attached to or housed within a farm vehicle such as a tractor, robot, helicopter, airplane, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) such as a drone, etc.
  • Such an equipment usually includes input sensors (such as e.g. a camera) and a processing unit configured to analyze the input data and configured to provide a decision based on the analysis of the input data to apply the compound of formula (I) to the crop plants (respectively the weeds) in a specific and precise manner.
  • the use of such smart spraying equipment usually also requires positions systems (e.g. GPS receivers) to localize recorded data and to guide or to control farm vehicles; geographic information systems (GIS) to
  • fungal diseases can be detected from imagery acquired by a camera.
  • fungal diseases can be identified and/or classified based on that imagery.
  • identification and/ classification can make use of image processing algorithms.
  • image processing algorithms can utilize machine learning algorithms, such as trained neutral networks, decision trees and utilize artificial intelligence algorithms. In this manner, the compounds described herein can be applied only where needed.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may, at particular concentrations or application rates, also be used as herbicides, safeners, growth regulators or agents to improve plant properties, or as microbicides, for example as bactericides, viricides (including compositions against viroids) or as compositions against MLO (Mycoplasma-like organisms) and RLO (Rickettsia-like organisms).
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may intervene in physiological processes of plants and may therefore also be used as plant growth regulators.
  • Plant growth regulators may exert various effects on plants. The effect of the substances depends essentially on the time of application in relation to the developmental stage of the plant, and also on the amounts of active ingredient applied to the plants or their environment and on the type of application. In each case, growth regulators should have a particular desired effect on the crop plants.
  • Growth regulating effects comprise earlier germination, better emergence, more developed root system and/or improved root growth, increased ability of tillering, more productive tillers, earlier flowering, increased plant height and/or biomass, shorting of stems, improvements in shoot growth, number of kernels/ear, number of ears/m 2 , number of stolons and/or number of flowers, enhanced harvest index, bigger leaves, less dead basal leaves, improved phyllotaxy, earlier maturation I earlier fruit finish, homogenous riping, increased duration of grain filling, better fruit finish, bigger fruit/vegetable size, sprouting resistance and reduced lodging.
  • Increased or improved yield is referring to total biomass per hectare, yield per hectare, kernel/fruit weight, seed size and/or hectolitre weight as well as to improved product quality, comprising: improved processability relating to size distribution (kernel, fruit), homogenous riping, grain moisture, better milling, better vinification, better brewing, increased juice yield, harvestability, digestibility, sedimentation value, falling number, pod stability, storage stability, improved fiber length/strength/uniformity, increase of milk and/or meet quality of silage fed animals, adaptation to cooking and frying; improved marketability relating to improved fruit/grain quality, size distribution (kernel, fruit), increased storage I shelf-life, firmness I softness, taste (aroma, texture), grade (size, shape, number of berries), number of berries/fruits per bunch, crispness, freshness, coverage with wax, frequency of physiological disorders, colour; increased desired ingredients such as e.g.
  • protein content fatty acids, oil content, oil quality, aminoacid composition, sugar content, acid content (pH), sugar/acid ratio (Brix), polyphenols, starch content, nutritional quality, gluten content/index, energy content, taste; decreased undesired ingredients such as e.g. less mycotoxines, less aflatoxins, geosmin level, phenolic aromas, lacchase, polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases, nitrate content.
  • Plant growth-regulating compounds can be used, for example, to slow down the vegetative growth of the plants.
  • Such growth depression is of economic interest, for example, in the case of grasses, since it is thus possible to reduce the frequency of grass cutting in ornamental gardens, parks and sport facilities, on roadsides, at airports or in fruit crops.
  • Also of significance is the inhibition of the growth of herbaceous and woody plants on roadsides and in the vicinity of pipelines or overhead cables, or quite generally in areas where vigorous plant growth is unwanted.
  • growth regulators for inhibition of the longitudinal growth of cereal. This reduces or completely eliminates the risk of lodging of the plants prior to harvest.
  • growth regulators in the case of cereals can strengthen the culm, which also counteracts lodging.
  • the employment of growth regulators for shortening and strengthening culms allows the deployment of higher fertilizer volumes to increase the yield, without any risk of lodging of the cereal crop.
  • vegetative growth depression allows denser planting, and it is thus possible to achieve higher yields based on the soil surface.
  • Another advantage of the smaller plants obtained in this way is that the crop is easier to cultivate and harvest.
  • Reduction of the vegetative plant growth may also lead to increased or improved yields because the nutrients and assimilates are of more benefit to flower and fruit formation than to the vegetative parts of the plants.
  • growth regulators can also be used to promote vegetative growth. This is of great benefit when harvesting the vegetative plant parts. However, promoting vegetative growth may also promote generative growth in that more assimilates are formed, resulting in more or larger fruits.
  • beneficial effects on growth or yield can be achieved through improved nutrient use efficiency, especially nitrogen (N)-use efficiency, phosphorous (P)-use efficiency, water use efficiency, improved transpiration, respiration and/or CO2 assimilation rate, better nodulation, improved Ca- metabolism.
  • nitrogen (N)-use efficiency especially nitrogen (N)-use efficiency, phosphorous (P)-use efficiency, water use efficiency, improved transpiration, respiration and/or CO2 assimilation rate, better nodulation, improved Ca- metabolism.
  • growth regulators can be used to alter the composition of the plants, which in turn may result in an improvement in quality of the harvested products. Under the influence of growth regulators, parthenocarpic fruits may be formed. In addition, it is possible to influence the sex of the flowers. It is also possible to produce sterile pollen, which is of great importance in the breeding and production of hybrid seed.
  • growth regulators can control the branching of the plants.
  • by breaking apical dominance it is possible to promote the development of side shoots, which may be highly desirable particularly in the cultivation of ornamental plants, also in combination with an inhibition of growth.
  • side shoots which may be highly desirable particularly in the cultivation of ornamental plants, also in combination with an inhibition of growth.
  • the amount of leaves on the plants can be controlled such that defoliation of the plants is achieved at a desired time.
  • defoliation plays a major role in the mechanical harvesting of cotton, but is also of interest for facilitating harvesting in other crops, for example in viticulture.
  • Defoliation of the plants can also be undertaken to lower the transpiration of the plants before they are transplanted.
  • growth regulators can modulate plant senescence, which may result in prolonged green leaf area duration, a longer grain filling phase, improved yield quality.
  • Growth regulators can likewise be used to regulate fruit dehiscence. On the one hand, it is possible to prevent premature fruit dehiscence. On the other hand, it is also possible to promote fruit dehiscence or even flower abortion to achieve a desired mass (“thinning”). In addition it is possible to use growth regulators at the time of harvest to reduce the forces required to detach the fruits, in order to allow mechanical harvesting or to facilitate manual harvesting.
  • Growth regulators can also be used to achieve faster or else delayed ripening of the harvested material before or after harvest. This is particularly advantageous as it allows optimal adjustment to the requirements of the market. Moreover, growth regulators in some cases can improve the fruit colour. In addition, growth regulators can also be used to synchronize maturation within a certain period of time. This establishes the prerequisites for complete mechanical or manual harvesting in a single operation, for example in the case of tobacco, tomatoes or coffee.
  • growth regulators By using growth regulators, it is additionally possible to influence the resting of seed or buds of the plants, such that plants such as pineapple or ornamental plants in nurseries, for example, germinate, sprout or flower at a time when they are normally not inclined to do so. In areas where there is a risk of frost, it may be desirable to delay budding or germination of seeds with the aid of growth regulators, in orderto avoid damage resulting from late frosts.
  • growth regulators can induce resistance of the plants to frost, drought or high salinity of the soil. This allows the cultivation of plants in regions which are normally unsuitable for this purpose.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also exhibit a potent strengthening effect in plants. Accordingly, they may be used for mobilizing the defences of the plant against attack by undesirable microorganisms.
  • Plant-strengthening (resistance-inducing) substances in the present context are substances capable of stimulating the defence system of plants in such a way that the treated plants, when subsequently inoculated with undesirable microorganisms, develop a high degree of resistance to these microorganisms.
  • plant physiology effects comprise the following:
  • Abiotic stress tolerance comprising tolerance to high or low temperatures, drought tolerance and recovery after drought stress, water use efficiency (correlating to reduced water consumption), flood tolerance, ozone stress and UV tolerance, tolerance towards chemicals like heavy metals, salts, pesticides.
  • Biotic stress tolerance comprising increased fungal resistance and increased resistance against nematodes, viruses and bacteria.
  • biotic stress tolerance preferably comprises increased fungal resistance and increased resistance against nematodes and bacteria
  • Increased plant vigor comprising plant health / plant quality and seed vigor, reduced stand failure, improved appearance, increased recovery after periods of stress, improved pigmentation (e.g. chlorophyll content, stay-green effects) and improved photosynthetic efficiency.
  • LogP value is determined by measurement of LC-UV, in an acidic range, with 0.1 % formic acid in water and acetonitrile as eluent (linear gradient from 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile).
  • [bl LogP value is determined by measurement of LC-UV, in a neutral range, with 0.001 molar ammonium acetate solution in water and acetonitrile as eluent (linear gradient from 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile).
  • [cl LogP value is determined by measurement of LC-UV, in an acidic range, with 0.1 % phosphoric acid and acetonitrile as eluent (linear gradient from 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile).
  • 1 H-NMR data of selected examples as provided herein are written in form of 1 H-NMR-peak lists. To each signal peak are listed the 8-value in ppm and the signal intensity in round brackets. Between the 8-value - signal intensity pairs are semicolons as delimiters.
  • the peak list of an example has therefore the form: ⁇ 1 (intensityi); ⁇ 2 (intensity2); ; ⁇ i (intensity); ; ⁇ n (intensity n )
  • Intensity of sharp signals correlates with the height of the signals in a printed example of a NMR spectrum in cm and shows the real relations of signal intensities. From broad signals several peaks or the middle of the signal and their relative intensity in comparison to the most intensive signal in the spectrum can be shown.
  • tetramethylsilane For calibrating chemical shift for 1 H spectra, we use tetramethylsilane and/or the chemical shift of the solvent used, especially in the case of spectra measured in DMSO. Therefore, in NMR peak lists, tetramethylsilane peak can occur but not necessarily.
  • the 1 H-NMR peak lists are similar to classical 1 H-NMR prints and contains therefore usually all peaks, which are listed at classical NMR-interpretation.
  • the peaks of stereoisomers of the target compounds and/or peaks of impurities have usually on average a lower intensity than the peaks of target compounds (for example with a purity >90%).
  • Such stereoisomers and/or impurities can be typical for the specific preparation process. Therefore, their peaks can help to recognize the reproduction of our preparation process via “side-products-fingerprints”.
  • An expert who calculates the peaks of the target compounds with known methods (MestreC, ACD- simulation, but also with empirically evaluated expectation values) can isolate the peaks of the target compounds as needed optionally using additional intensity filters. This isolation would be similar to relevant peak picking at classical 1 H-NMR interpretation.
  • Tables 1 , 2, 3 and 4 illustrate in a non-limiting manner examples of compounds of formula (I) according to the invention:
  • ote Me : methyl ; Et : ethyl ; iPr: isopropyl ; iBu: isobutyl ; cPr: cyclopropyl ; cPent: cyclopentyl ; cHex: cyclohexylable 2:
  • Table 5 provides the NMR data ( 1 H) of a selected number of compounds from tables 1,2,3 and 4.
  • Step 1 preparation of N-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-methylpropan-1 -amine (example of an amine of formula (III))
  • Step 2 preparation of 3-(7,8-difluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-yl)-1-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)propan-2-yl]-1- isobutylurea (compound 1.152)
  • Step 1 preparation of 8-fluoro-3-isothiocyanatoquinoline (example of an isothiocyanate of formula (II)) To 500 mg (2.9 mmol) of 8-fluoroquinolin-3-amine in solution in 15 mL of pyridine, were added 505 mg (2.9 mmol) of phenoxythiocarbonyl chloride. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The crude mixture was concentrated and the obtained residue was suspended in 100 mL of ethyl acetate and 100 mL of water. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate and then concentrated under vacuum to give 1 g of a dark orange solid.
  • Step 1 preparation of 1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-3-(8-fluoroquinolin-3-yl)urea 50.3 mg (0.35 mmol) of 2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanamine were condensed over 100 mg (0.32 mmol) of 4- fluorophenyl (8-fluoroquinolin-3-yl)carbamate according to the conditions described in example 2, to yield after purification by column chromatography on silica gel, 96 mg (90%) of 1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)- ethyl]-3-(8-fluoroquinolin-3-yl)urea as a light yellow oil.
  • LogP 2.53.
  • Preparation example 6 preparation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-(quinolin-3-yl)-3- ⁇ 2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- ethyl ⁇ tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-one (compound 1.195) To a solution of 80 mg (0.31 mmol) of 5,5-dimethyl-1-(quinolin-3-yl)tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-one in 10 mL of dimethylformamide [DMF], were added 15 mg of sodium hydride (60% in oil - 0.37 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at ambient temperature.
  • DMF dimethylformamide
  • Example A Alternaria alternata in vitro cell test
  • Inoculum spore suspension
  • the tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations.
  • the final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ⁇ 1 %.
  • a spore suspension of Altemaria alternata was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.
  • the tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay.
  • the compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores. After 5 days incubation, fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
  • Example B Pyricularia oryzae in vitro cell test
  • Inoculum spore suspension
  • the tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations.
  • the final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ⁇ 1 %.
  • a spore suspension of Pyricularia oryzae was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.
  • the tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay.
  • the compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores. After 5 days incubation, fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
  • Example C Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in vitro cell test
  • Inoculum spore suspension
  • the tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations.
  • the final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ⁇ 1 %.
  • a spore suspension of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.
  • the tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay.
  • the compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores.
  • fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth.
  • Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
  • Example D Pyrenophora teres in vitro cell test
  • Inoculum spore suspension
  • the tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations.
  • the final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ⁇ 1 %.
  • a spore suspension of Pyrenophora teres was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.
  • the tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay.
  • the compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores. After 6 days incubation, fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
  • Example E Fusarium culmorum in vitro cell test
  • Inoculum spore suspension
  • the tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations.
  • the final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ⁇ 1 %.
  • a spore suspension of Fusarium culmorum was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.
  • the tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay.
  • the compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores. After 4 days incubation, fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
  • Example F Botrytis cinerea in vitro cell test
  • Inoculum spore suspension
  • the tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations.
  • the final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ⁇ 1 %.
  • a spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.
  • the tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay.
  • the compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores. After 5 days incubation, fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
  • Example G Botrytis cinerea in vitro cell test
  • Culture medium 1 g KH 2 PO 4 (VWR), 1 g K2HPO4 (VWR), 0.5 g Urea (VWR), 3 g KNO 3 (Prolabo), 10 g saccharose (VWR), 0.5 g MgSO 4 , 7 H 2 O (Sigma), 0.07 g CaCl 2 2 H 2 O (Prolabo), 0.2 mg MnSO 4 , H2O (Sigma), 0.6 mg CuSO4, 5 H 2 O (Sigma), 7.9 mg ZnSO 4 , 7 H 2 O (Sigma), 0.1 mg H 3 BO 3 (Merck), 0.14 mg NaMoO 4 , 2 H 2 O (Sigma), 2 mg thiamine (Sigma), 0.1 mg biotine (VWR), 4 mg FeSO 4 , 7 H 2 O (Sigma), QSP 1 liter
  • Inoculum spore suspension
  • the tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations.
  • the final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ⁇ 1 %.
  • a spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.
  • the tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay.
  • the compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores. After 6 days incubation, fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
  • Example H in vivo preventive test on Botrytis cinerea (grey mould)
  • Emulsifier 1 ⁇ L of Tween® 80 per mg of active ingredient
  • the tested compounds were made soluble and homogenized in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide/acetone/ /Tween® 80 and then diluted in water to the desired concentration.
  • the young plants of gherkin or cabbage were treated by spraying the tested compounds prepared as described above. Control plants were treated only with an aqueous solution of acetone/dimethyl sulfoxide/Tween® 80.
  • the plants were contaminated by spraying the leaves with an aqueous suspension of Botrytis cinerea spores.
  • the contaminated gherkin plants were incubated for 4 to 5 days at 17 °C and at 90% relative humidity.
  • the contaminated cabbage plants were incubated for 4 to 5 days at 20°C and at 100% relative humidity.
  • the test was evaluated 4 to 5 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control plants while an efficacy of 100% means that no disease is observed.
  • Example I in vivo preventive test on Venturia inaequalis (apples)
  • Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
  • the plants were inoculated with an aqueous conidia suspension of the causal agent of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) and then remained for 1 day in an incubation cabinet at approximately 20 °C and a relative atmospheric humidity of 100%.
  • the plants were then placed in a greenhouse at approximately 21 °C and a relative atmospheric humidity of approximately 90%.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un composé de formule (I) : dans laquelle les variables sont définies comme dans la revendication 1, des compositions comprenant au moins l'un desdits composés et au moins un auxiliaire approprié en agriculture, l'utilisation desdits composés comme fongicides, ainsi que des procédés de préparation desdits composés.
PCT/EP2021/075279 2020-09-15 2021-09-15 Urées et dérivés substitués en tant que nouveaux agents antifongiques Ceased WO2022058327A1 (fr)

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