WO2022053383A2 - Greening textile - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a greening textile (10, 10a-10d) for greening building or site sections (200), having at least one two-dimensional substrate layer (14, 14a, 14b) which comprises plant seeds (30) and substrate material (32), wherein the substrate material (32) is designed to allow germination of the plant seeds (30) and to serve as a growth medium for the plants that grow from the plant seeds (30), having one or more front-side material layers (16, 16a, 16b), which are arranged on a front side of the substrate layer (14, 14a, 14b), and having one or more rear-side material layers (12, 16, 16a, 16b, 18, 20, 20a, 20b), which are arranged on a rear side of the substrate layer (14, 14a, 14b).

Description

greening textile

The invention relates to a greening textile for the greening of building or site sections according to the preamble of patent claim 1, the use of such a greening textile and a method for producing a greening textile according to the preamble of patent claim 14.

Generic greening textiles are used to ecologically upgrade sections of buildings or grounds. The ecological upgrading can take place, for example, through the cultivation of useful plants or through the provision of a new biotope. The new biotope can serve as a habitat for small animals and insects, for example.

Greening textiles are also enjoying increasing popularity in light of the increasing shortage of space in urban living spaces. Generic greening textiles are also used in so-called urban agriculture, in which, for example, unused roof and facade areas are used to grow plant-based foods. Such greening textiles are known, for example, from the publications EP 2 809 140 B1 and FR 2 747265 A1.

Generic greening textiles can also be used as erosion control or greening mats. Such mats are known, for example, from the publications EP 0 730 821 A1, WO 99/49722 A1 and WO 2005/116345 A1. The greening textiles used hitherto usually have a flat substrate layer which largely consists of a fiber material. The fiber material can include straw, hay, coconut and/or seagrass fibers, for example.

With these and other known greening textiles, there is the problem that the substrate layer formed from fiber material cannot or cannot permanently serve as a breeding ground for the plants developing on the greening textile, so that the known greening textiles do not provide an adequate basis for permanent plant growth. In this respect, it has hitherto been necessary for a substrate material, for example soil, that serves as a nutrient for the plants developing on the greening textile to be located in the vicinity of the greening textile. In the case of greening mats, a layer of earth underneath the greening mats is usually used. In the case of greening textiles, which are used as wall or facade curtains, a bottom-side supply of soil is often used as a nutrient-supplying substrate material for the plants of the greening textile.

The object on which the invention is based is therefore to enable the greening of building or site sections without the use of a locally available growth substrate in the vicinity of where the greening textile is to be used.

The object is achieved by a greening textile of the type mentioned at the outset, wherein the substrate material of the greening textile according to the invention comprises granular and free-flowing material and at least one material layer on the front side and at least one layer of material on the back allow the plant seeds and the substrate material to trickle out of the greening textile, in particular from the substrate layer, independently from the orientation of the greening textile.

Preferably, the front layer of material and the back layer of material prevent manual removal of the plant seeds and substrate material from the green cover without damaging and/or destroying the green cover. The front layer of material and the The back layer of material encloses the substrate layer in such a way that manual removal of the plant seeds and substrate material from the green cover fabric requires damage and/or destruction of the green cover fabric.

The invention thus allows buildings and grounds to be greened without the need for a locally available growth substrate at the site of use of the greening textile. The plant seeds in the flat substrate layer are directly in a germinable environment. Subsequent seed placement is not necessary. The front and rear layers of material preferably ensure that the flat substrate layer is retained during transport, installation and use of the greening textile, despite the granular and free-flowing substrate material, so that direct access to the ground at the site of use of the greening textile is not necessary. The substrate layer is fixed within the greening textile by the material layer on the front and back. The front and back layers of material also prevent gravitational sagging of the plant seeds and substrate material regardless of the orientation of the green roofing fabric. In addition, the front and back layers of material prevent gravitational flow of the plant seeds and substrate material within the vegetation fabric and/or within the substrate layer regardless of the orientation of the vegetation fabric. The greening textile is preferably flexible or deformable, so that the greening textile can be rolled up, for example for the purpose of storage and/or transport.

It should be understood that the prevention of the trickling out, sagging and/or material flow of the plant seeds and the substrate material according to the invention does not have to be a total prevention due to production-related tolerances, but that the trickling out, sagging and/or the material flow of the plant seeds and the substrate material in the essentially prevented. The trickling out, the sagging and/or the material flow of the plant seeds and the substrate material can either be completely prevented or be within a tolerance range, with the Tolerance range, for example, trickling out, sagging and/or a material flow of up to 10%, preferably up to 5%, of the mass of the plant seeds and the substrate material. The front and rear layers of material therefore preferably have a retention capacity of at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, in relation to the mass of the plant seeds and the substrate material, so that at least 90%, preferably 95%, of the mass of the plant seeds and the substrate material the front and the back layer of material are held in the greening textile, preferably in the substrate layer, independently of the orientation of the greening textile.

The plant seeds of the flat substrate layer can include, for example, lawn seeds, vegetable seeds and/or flower seeds. Furthermore, seed mixtures can be used, in which case meadow vegetation mixtures can be advantageous.

In order for the granular and free-flowing substrate material and the plant seeds to be held between the front and rear layers of material, the flat substrate layer must be clamped tightly between the layers of material and must not have any cavities. For further stabilization, stabilizing material can be inserted into the substrate layer, for example a non-woven fabric.

In addition to the flat substrate layer, the greening textile has at least two material layers, with at least one of the material layers being a textile material layer. The greening textile can also have several substrate layers. Greening textiles that allow plants to grow on both sides or on both sides can, for example, have two separate substrate layers that are spaced apart from one another. The layers of the greening textile preferably run parallel to one another.

The basis weight of the substrate layer is preferably between 10 g/m ² and 10 kg/m ² , in particular between 100 g/m ² and 5 kg/m ² . A basis weight of the substrate layer between 200 g/m ² and 3 kg/m ² is particularly preferred. The thickness of the substrate layer is preferably between 1 mm and 10 mm cm, in particular between 2 mm and 5 cm. A substrate layer thickness of between 0.5 cm and 3 cm is particularly preferred. The volume fraction of the granular and free-flowing material in the substrate layer is at least 50%, preferably at least 75%, in particular at least 90%.

In a preferred embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention, the substrate material consists largely of soil material containing soil. The indication "mostly" refers to the volume proportion and relates to a proportion of more than 50%. The substrate material preferably consists of at least 75% by volume, in particular at least 90% by volume, of soil material containing soil. The substrate material supports the growth of the plants and gives the grown plants support and stabilizes them. The substrate material can store both water and nutrients. In particular, the substrate material includes a small proportion of fiber material or the substrate material does not include any fiber material. The volume fraction of fiber material can be below 40%, preferably below 20%, in particular below 10%.

The substrate material may include organic material. The organic material can be dead organic material or potting soil. Fertilizers and/or natural fibers and/or microorganisms such as bacteria and/or fungus can be added to the substrate material. The fertilizer provides the plants with sufficient nutrients, especially in the initial phases. If no liquid fertilizer is supplied to the greening textile as part of the irrigation, the use of a substrate material containing fertilizer is particularly preferred. Any natural fibers present can serve as long-term fertilizers. The natural fibers decompose over time and release nutrients. Fungus, such as mycorrhiza, and bacteria also serve to ensure that biomass is decomposed more quickly and thus better nutrient uptake by the plants is achieved. In the plants, the smallest hair roots usually die off after a few weeks, so that mycorrhizae can form humus from the dead hair roots through degradation processes. The biomass resulting from the dead hair roots stands directly available to the plants of the greening textile. In this way, plant fertilization is implemented and a longer-lasting ecosystem is created. Subsequent nutrient supply, for example by means of liquid fertilizer, can therefore be omitted under certain circumstances. The need for a supplemental nutrient supply system depends on the fungus turnover rate and the nutrient requirements of the plants. The substrate material can consist of between 20% and 80% by volume organic material, between 20% and 80% by volume inorganic material, between 0% and 50% by volume fertilizer and/or between 0% and 50% made of natural fibers. The substrate material preferably has a pH between 3 and 12, preferably between 5 and 9, particularly preferably between 6 and 8.

In a further preferred embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention, the substrate material comprises inorganic material, with the inorganic material preferably having clay minerals, silt and/or sand. Clay minerals serve to bind water and nutrients and have an advantageous cation exchange capacity. Due to its grain size, sand ensures drainage and thus root aeration. Due to the grain size of the sand, the roots of the plants also have enough space for root growth. In order to avoid excessive drainage of water, it is necessary to choose a suitable proportion of sand. Furthermore, a suitable proportion of clay minerals must be selected in order to avoid the formation of dead water, which cannot be absorbed by the plants. Furthermore, excessive water binding within the substrate material must be prevented, since otherwise there is a risk of waterlogging occurring. Waterlogging can cause the plants on the greening textile to die off. The substrate material can also comprise loam, where the loam can have sand, silt and/or clay minerals. Such clay material provides good growing conditions for plants. The proportion by volume of clay minerals in the inorganic material can be at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, in particular at least 30%. Alternatively or additionally, the volume fraction of silt in the inorganic material can be at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, in particular at least 50%. Further the proportion by volume of sand in the inorganic material can be at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, in particular at least 30%.

In a further preferred embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention, at least one material layer on the front side and at least one layer of material on the back side are connected to one another over a large area at a large number of connection points in a connection area extending over the substrate layer in such a way that the material layers connected to one another press flatly onto the substrate layer in the connection area. The connection area, in which the at least one front-side material layer and the at least one rear-side material layer are connected to one another, preferably extends over the entire surface of the substrate layer. The connection points can be evenly or unevenly distributed over the connection area. The one or more connecting elements used to connect the at least one front material layer and the at least one rear material layer thus extend through the substrate layer and thus also through the substrate material and/or the plant seeds. The connecting elements are preferably textile connecting elements, for example threads, fibers, filaments or wires. The surface connection means that the substrate layer is clamped tightly between the material layers, so that the material layers stabilize the substrate layer.

The greening textile according to the invention is further advantageously developed in that at least one material layer on the front side and at least one layer of material on the back side are needled or sewn together over a large area in a connection area extending over the substrate layer in such a way that the material layers needled and/or sewn together cover the entire surface of the substrate layer in the connection area stabilize. The distance between the connection points at which the at least one front material layer and the at least one rear material layer are connected to one another is specified by the needle density during needling and by the thread density during sewing. At a In the connection created by needling between the at least one front material layer and the at least one rear material layer, the connection points are preferably at a distance of between 3 mm and 100 mm, in particular a distance of between 12 mm and 50 mm, from one another, based on the area, so that the needles during of needling also have this distance from one another. The puncture depth can be in a range between 0.1 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 50 mm, particularly preferably between 4 mm and 25 mm. In the case of a connection created by sewing between the at least one front material layer and the at least one rear material layer, the connection points are preferably at a distance of between 3 mm and 100 cm, in particular a distance between 1 cm and 50 cm or a distance between 1.5 cm and 15 cm, from each other, so that the stitches also have this distance to each other during the sewing process. The stitch length can be between 1 mm and 30 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 20 mm, particularly preferably between 3 mm and 10 mm.

In a further preferred embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention, at least one material layer on the front is designed as a single-layer or multi-layer protective textile layer, which protects the plant seeds and the substrate material from external influences. External influences from which the plant seeds and the substrate material must be protected can be, for example, direct sunlight, severe dehydration or predators. The textile protective layer can therefore serve as a substrate retaining layer, a sun protection layer, a layer to protect against drying out and/or a layer to protect against predators.

In another embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention, the protective layer comprises one or more fabric layers, one or more knitted fabric layers, one or more nonwoven fabric layers, one or more knitted fabric layers and/or one or more braided layers. Alternatively or additionally, the protective layer has a composite layer made of a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a knitted fabric and/or a braid. The protective layer can either be a homogeneous layer or made of consist of several different textile layers. The protective layer may be needled, glued, welded and/or sewn to one or more other front and/or back layers. The stitching can have been produced in a Malimo stitching process, for example, so that the stitching of the protective layer to the one or more front and/or rear layers is a Malimo stitch. If the protective layer comprises one or more layers of non-woven fabric, these can consist of natural fibers and/or synthetic fibers. For example, one nonwoven layer may be formed from natural fibers and another nonwoven layer may be formed from synthetic fibers. Furthermore, the protective layer can be a three-layer composite material, for example with a first layer of nonwoven fabric made of natural fibers, a second layer of nonwoven fabric made of synthetic fibers and a third layer of nonwoven fabric made of natural fibers. The fibers of the protective layer can be, for example, synthetic fibers, bio-based fibers, natural fibers or biodegradable fibers. The basis weight of the protective layer is preferably between 20 g/m ² and 3.5 kg/m ² , in particular between 100 g/m ² and 2 kg/m ² . For example, the basis weight of the protective layer is between 200 g/m ² and 1 kg/m ² . The thickness of the protective layer is, for example, between 0.1 mm and 5 cm, preferably between 1 mm and 3 cm. For example, the protective layer thickness is between 1.5 mm and 1.1 cm.

The greening textile according to the invention is further advantageously developed in that at least one material layer on the back is designed as a single-layer or multi-layer textile storage layer, which is designed to store liquid and release the stored liquid to the substrate layer. The textile storage layer stores water, in particular, so that the plants in the greening textile always have sufficient water available, even if the drought persists. The textile storage unit enables liquid to be transferred across the textile so that the liquid can reach the substrate material, the plant seeds and the roots of the plants. The textile storage layer can comprise a non-woven fabric or be formed from another liquid-storing textile. The textile storage layer can also be a felt material. The textile storage layer can be made of Natural fibers, bio-based fibers, biodegradable fibers or synthetic fibers may be formed. The basis weight of the dry textile storage layer is between 5 g/m ² and 2 kg/m ² , preferably between 20 g/m ² and 1 kg/m ² . In particular, the dry textile storage layer has a basis weight of between 50 g/m ² and 600 g/m ² . The thickness of the textile storage layer is between 0.1 mm and 3 cm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 2 cm. For example, the storage layer thickness is between 1.5 mm and 9 mm. The protective layer is preferably connected to the textile storage layer in a planar connection area.

A greening textile according to the invention is also advantageous in which at least one material layer on the back is designed as a single-layer or multi-layer textile irrigation layer into which liquid can be introduced and which is designed to distribute the introduced liquid and release it to the substrate layer or the storage layer. For example, the greening textile can be installed in such a way that raindrops falling from the sky are caught directly by the irrigation layer and/or fed to the irrigation layer. Alternatively or additionally, the irrigation layer can also be connected to a supply system via which liquid, in particular water, can be introduced into the irrigation layer. In this case, the introduced liquid can be mixed with a liquid fertilizer, so that a sufficient supply of nutrients to the plants of the greening textile is ensured.

In another preferred embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention, the irrigation layer comprises a spacer fabric, a spacer fabric and/or a drainage mat. The spacer fabric can consist of a plastic or polymer. The irrigation layer can have a thickness between 0.1 cm and 10 cm, preferably between 0.5 cm and 5 cm. The basis weight of the irrigation layer is preferably between 50 g/m ² and 3 kg/m ² , preferably between 100 g/m ² and 2 kg/m ² . The protective layer of the greening textile is preferably connected to the textile storage layer. The storage layer is right next to that Spacer fabric, the spacer fabric or the drainage mat of the irrigation layer.

If the irrigation layer comprises a spacer fabric, this preferably has a back surface on which a closing membrane is applied. The closing membrane can be laminated or glued onto the spacer fabric. Furthermore, the closure membrane can be applied to the spacer fabric in a coating process, for example by applying a liquid or powder. The spacer fabric can be a terry cloth fabric. The spacer fabric has pile threads. The pile threads can be internal and/or external pile threads. The pile threads can be arranged between two textile layers of the irrigation layer. The pile threads have a certain stiffness and allow liquid to flow through. The pile threads are protected by a flat fabric from being filled with the granular substrate material from the substrate layer. On the flat side facing the substrate, water can reach the substrate across the textile. The flat side facing the substrate can be designed to be liquid-permeable. Furthermore, the flat side facing the substrate layer can be designed in such a way that root penetration is prevented. In this way, a drainage function is implemented, which avoids damage to the plants due to waterlogging. The liquid can, for example, be introduced into the irrigation layer from above, from below or from the side. One or more irrigation lines, for example hoses, can run on or in the spacer fabric, with the irrigation lines preferably not being functional components of the irrigation layer and thus not being taken into account when determining the weight per unit area of the irrigation layer. With the spacer fabric, there is the possibility of introducing an irrigation line, for example a hose, made of a plastic material. The irrigation line can be connected to an irrigation system and used to direct water into deeper areas of the green cover. Such a water line is particularly advantageous for long and large-area greening textiles that are used in comparatively warm regions. About the Irrigation layer can also drip water into the greening textile. In this case, the water supply can be implemented via lines, in particular hoses, or troughs which are connected to the upper end or to supply points of the irrigation layer. If a long-lasting green cover is desired, fertilizer, such as liquid fertilizer, can be added to the irrigation. The one or more irrigation lines can be completely or segmentally perforated. Perforation in segments allows specific areas of the greening textile to be watered. The one or more irrigation lines can be subsequently inserted into the irrigation layer during installation of the green roofing textile on site, so that the storage and transport of the green roofing textile before installation is simplified. The number and/or size of the holes in the one or more irrigation lines can vary. The one or more irrigation lines can have an outer diameter of between 1 mm and 10 cm, preferably between 2 mm and 6 cm. The outer diameter of the one or more irrigation lines can be between 1 cm and 3 cm, for example. The one or more irrigation lines can have between 10 and 1,000,000 holes per running meter. The hole diameter can be between 0.001 mm and 5 mm, for example.

If the irrigation layer has a knitted spacer fabric, this preferably also consists of a plastic material or a polymer and has a flat rear side on which a closing membrane is applied. The closing membrane can be laminated or glued on. Furthermore, the sealing membrane can be applied to the spacer fabric in a coating process, for example by applying a liquid or powder. The spacer fabric preferably has pile threads. The pile threads can be internal and/or external pile threads. The pile threads can be arranged between two textile layers of the irrigation layer. The pile threads have a certain stiffness and allow water to flow through. The pile threads are protected by the knit from being filled with substrate material from the substrate layer. The the The planar side facing the substrate layer can be water-permeable. Furthermore, the flat side facing the substrate layer can be designed in such a way that roots are prevented from passing through. In this way, a drainage function is implemented.

If the irrigation layer has a drainage mat, this can be made of a plastic material or polymer. The drainage mat preferably allows liquid to flow through. A closing membrane can be glued or laminated onto the drainage mat. Furthermore, the closure membrane can be applied to the drainage mat in a coating process, for example by applying a liquid or powder. On the other side of the drainage mat, it borders either on the textile irrigation layer or on a separating layer. The separating layer preferably consists of a textile which cannot be passed through by the substrate material. For example, the separating layer is a fabric. The fabric can be water permeable while preventing the passage of roots.

Furthermore, one or more irrigation lines, for example hoses, can be arranged on or in another layer of the greening textile, with the irrigation lines preferably not being functional components of this layer and thus not being taken into account when determining the basis weight of this layer. For example, one or more irrigation lines run through the substrate layer.

The greening textile according to the invention is further advantageously developed in that at least one material layer on the back is designed as a closing membrane, which is designed to prevent or at least reduce a rear escape of liquid and/or a rear escape of nutrients. In addition, the

Closing membrane to protect the element to be covered, such as the wall or facade. The closure membrane can be water-impermeable or water-permeable. A completely tight sealing membrane can be selected, for example, if the greening textile is to be installed in the area of rear-ventilated facades or on steep slopes in dry areas. A semi-permeable closing membrane, for example a water-vapour-permeable closing membrane, enables the greening textile to breathe on the back.

The sealing membrane can be open to diffusion. Water vapor can thus migrate through the membrane from the building side towards the plant side of the greening textile and vice versa. Liquid cannot get through because the water molecules are too large to pass through the membrane. With a vapor pressure gradient, high humidity can be equalized either between the wall and the green textile and in front of the green textile, so that there is an equilibrium between the air between the wall and the green textile and the air in front of the green textile. This makes it possible for a vapor balance to develop between the air in the house and the air between the outer wall and the greening textile, so that the building fabric is protected.

The closing membrane can be semipermeable. Water vapor or liquid can migrate through the membrane from the building side towards the plant side of the green roofing textile. Conversely, water vapor or liquid cannot migrate from plant side to building side. This allows excess water vapor and liquid to be removed.

The closing membrane preferably consists of a plastic material or polymer. The closure membrane is either glued or laminated to the layer adjacent to the closure membrane, or the closure membrane is applied to the layer adjacent to the closure membrane in a coating process, for example by applying a liquid or powder. The liquid can, for example, rolled up by a soaked application roller or a or several spray nozzles are sprayed on. The powder can be sprayed on through one or more spray nozzles. The thickness of the closing membrane is between 0.001 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 0.1 mm and 2 mm. The basis weight of the closing membrane is preferably between 0.1 g/m ² and 1 kg/m ² , preferably between 50 g/m ² and 600 g/m ²

One or more layers of the green roof fabric may also include heating filaments. One or more heating threads can run, for example, on or in the irrigation layer and/or the storage layer. The greening textile can also include a heating layer, which includes one or more heating filaments. The temperature of the greening textile or the temperature of individual layers of the greening textile can be controlled by means of the heating filaments, whereby for example the germination or growth process of the plants can be supported. The filaments can be electrically operated filaments, which heat up when energized.

Hook-and-loop tapes can also be applied to the protective layer of the greening textile, for example if the protective layer consists of non-woven fabric. Pieces of non-woven fabric can be applied to the Velcro hook tapes. Together with the pieces of non-woven fabric, the Velcro hook tapes form non-woven fabric pockets. The fleece bags can be individually filled and planted. Furthermore, hook and loop tapes can be sewn or welded onto planters so that they can be attached to the protective layer. The Velcro hook tapes have a width of between 0.5 cm and 30 cm, in particular between 1 cm and 10 cm. The nonwoven bags can have a width of between 5 cm and 100 cm and/or a height of between 5 cm and 100 cm, for example.

The object on which the invention is based is also achieved by using a greening textile according to one of the embodiments described above as a hanging greening curtain for greening a building facade. In this case, the greening textile is used in a vertical orientation. In this case, the greening textile can be attached to the building facade or the building roof, for example will. The greening textile can be fixed or fastened to the building facade both at the outer edges and in the interior area. The greening textile can be hung up at certain points on eyelets, hooks, loops or similar fastening elements. The eyelets are, for example, at a distance of between 5 cm and 5 m, preferably at a distance of between 50 cm and 2.5 m. The eyelets or hooks are fixed to the facade. The eyelet openings can be reinforced. The greening textile can be fixed flat by means of hemstitches. Ropes, belts, rods, tubes, slats or other supporting elements can be inserted into the hollow seams. These support elements can then be attached to the building, for example to the building facade or the building roof. The greening textile can be fixed flat by attaching piping to the greening textile and installing a piping guide on the building. The piping cores can have a thickness between 0.1 cm and 10 cm, preferably between 0.5 cm and 3 cm. The welt cores can be welded on and/or welded in, glued on or sewn on.

Fastening elements can be fastened to individual layers of the greening textile or to the entire greening textile. The fastening elements are preferably attached to the closing membrane and/or the irrigation layer and/or the protective layer. The edges of the greening textile can be sewn or welded. In order to make large lengths possible, several lengths of greening textile can be hung one above the other or one below the other. The webs can be connected to one another with the fastening elements mentioned. The solutions already mentioned can be used to hang several greening textiles next to each other. A multiple keder rail, for example a double keder rail, can also be used to attach the greening textile webs, such as hooks, eyelets and/or straps.

The total weight of the dry greening textile is preferably between 40 g/m ² and 20 kg/m ² , preferably between 250 g/m ² and 10 kg/m ² . The individual layers of the greening textile can have different basis weights. The greening textile is preferably used as a delivered in rolls. The greening textile is therefore designed to be flexible. Fastening elements can be anchored in a building wall or in a building roof, wherein the fastening elements can be hooks or piping rails, for example. During the installation process, the greening textile is lifted by a crane, for example, and hooked into the fastening elements, for example into the hooks or piping rails. It is then rolled out downwards or upwards and attached to other fasteners. Several lengths of greening textile rolled out next to or next to each other can then be fastened to one another. When using welts, the greening textile can already be guided in the rails when it is raised or lowered. The greening textile can be unrolled on the ground or in the air during installation. After positioning, the greening textile can be connected to a water supply, for example to a water rail or to water hoses. A collection container for draining water can be located at the lower end of the greening textile.

In an exemplary installation process, hooks are first attached to the wall or facade of a building. After the hooks have been installed, a crane then lifts the greening textile and hangs the greening textile in the hooks. After hooking in, the greening textile is unrolled, whereby the greening textile can be unrolled from bottom to top or from top to bottom on the facade. A further fixation then takes place at the unrolled end of the greening textile, for example by means of further hooks. Further fastening hooks can be present between the upper and the lower end of the greening textile. After the greening textile has been unrolled and secured, an irrigation and/or nutrient supply system is then connected. The greening textile is then watered. After the greening textile has been watered, there is a resting and growth phase in which the seeds germinate in the substrate layer and the resulting plants can grow. The object on which the invention is based is also achieved by using a greening textile according to one of the embodiments described above as a lying greening mat for greening an embankment. For example, a natural or an artificial embankment can be greened by means of the greening textile. For example, the greening textile can also be used to green plastic reinforced soil (CBE). When using the greening textile as a greening mat, the fastening elements are fastened or anchored directly to the embankment, for example.

The object on which the invention is based is also achieved by a method for producing a greening textile of the type mentioned at the outset, in which, within the scope of the method according to the invention, a planar connection of the front material layer and the rear material layer is carried out at a large number of connection points in a connection region extending over the substrate layer in such a way takes place that the material layers connected to one another in the connection area press flatly onto the substrate layer. For example, a greening textile according to one of the embodiments described above is produced by means of the method.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the plant seeds and substrate material are applied to the material layer by a technical sprinkler system, with the material layer being preferably conveyed through the sprinkler system during the application of the plant seeds and the substrate material and moving under a trickle outlet of the sprinkler system, via which the Plant seeds and the substrate material are trickled onto the layer of material, moved through. The material layer is preferably conveyed through the trickling system by means of a conveyor belt.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the surface connection of the front material layer and the rear material layer takes place by needling or sewing using a technical needling or sewing plant, the trickle plant and the needling or sewing plant preferably forming a plant unit.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained and described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. show:

1 shows an embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention having a substrate layer in a schematic representation;

2 another embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention having a substrate layer in a schematic representation;

3 shows another exemplary embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention, having a substrate layer, in a schematic representation;

4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention, having a substrate layer, in a schematic representation;

5 shows an embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention having two substrate layers in a schematic representation;

6 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention, having two substrate layers, in a schematic representation;

7 shows an embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention having a substrate layer in a schematic representation; 8 four different embodiments of a protective layer of a greening textile according to the invention in a schematic representation;

9 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a greening textile according to the invention;

10 shows the production of a greening textile according to the invention in a schematic representation;

11 shows a fastening variant of a greening textile according to the invention in a schematic representation;

12 shows the installation of a greening textile according to the invention in a schematic representation;

13 shows a guide rail of a greening textile according to the invention in a schematic representation;

14 shows the installation of a greening textile according to the invention in a schematic representation;

15 shows an arrangement of several interconnected greening textiles according to the invention in a schematic representation;

16 shows an exemplary embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention, having a plurality of pockets, in a schematic representation; and

17 shows a pocket of a greening textile according to the invention in a detailed representation.

1 shows a three-layer greening textile 10. The greening textile 10 is used as a hanging greening curtain for greening the housing section 200. FIG. The building section 200 is a building facade. The greening textile 10 is aligned vertically and arranged at a distance from the building section 200 .

The greening textile 10 has a flat substrate layer 14 which includes plant seeds and substrate material. The substrate material allows the plant seeds to germinate and serves as a breeding ground for the plants that develop from the plant seeds. The substrate material of the flat substrate layer 14 comprises granular and free-flowing material. The substrate material consists largely of an earthy soil material and allows the growth of the plants arising from the plant seeds and allows the rooting of the plant roots. The substrate material can store water and nutrients. The plant seeds are thus directly in a germinable environment. Subsequent introduction of seeds is not necessary. The plant seeds can include, for example, lawn seeds or flower seeds.

On the front side of the substrate layer 14, ie on the side facing away from the building section 200, the substrate layer 14 is in planar contact with a material layer 16 on the front side. The front material layer 16 is a protective textile layer which protects the plant seeds and the substrate material of the substrate layer 14 from external influences. Consequently, the plant seeds and the substrate material of the substrate layer 14 are held back by the textile protective layer 16 and at the same time protected by the textile protective layer 16 from direct sunlight, severe dehydration and from predators.

On the rear side of the substrate layer 14, ie the side facing the building section 200, the substrate layer 14 is in planar contact with a material layer 12 on the rear side. The backing material layer 12 is a textile irrigation layer. Liquid, for example water, can be introduced into the textile irrigation layer 12 . The irrigation layer 12 is designed to distribute the introduced liquid and deliver it to the substrate layer 14 . The irrigation layer 12 can be connected to a supply system, for example, which the irrigation layer 12 with water supplied. The water fed into the irrigation layer 12 can be mixed with liquid fertilizer, for example, so that an adequate supply of water and nutrients to the flat substrate layer 14 is ensured.

The front material layer 16 and the rear material layer 12 prevent the plant seeds and the substrate material from trickling out of the substrate layer 14, regardless of the orientation of the greening textile 10. The greening textile 10 can therefore also be used in places where there is no local growth substrate, for example topsoil Available. The substrate layer 14 is clamped tightly between the material layers 12 and 16, so that the substrate layer 14 is stabilized. The front material layer 16 and the rear material layer 12 are connected to one another over a large area in a connecting region extending over the substrate layer 14 in such a way that the material layers 12, 16 connected to one another press flatly onto the substrate layer 14 in the connecting region. In the present case, the front-side material layer 16 and the rear-side material layer 12 are needled together over a large area in the connection area such that the material layers needled together stabilize the substrate layer 14 over a large area in the connection area. As an alternative to needling, the material layers 12, 16 can also be sewn together over their entire surface.

FIG. 2 shows a greening textile 10 which, in addition to the material layers 12, 14, 16 shown in FIG. 1, comprises a further material layer 18 on the back. The rear material layer 18 is designed as a closing membrane and is in planar contact with the irrigation layer 12 . The closure membrane 18 prevents or reduces the escape of liquid and nutrients from the rear of the greening textile 10 . The closure membrane 18 can be glued or laminated onto the irrigation layer 12 . Furthermore, the closing membrane 18 can represent a coating of the irrigation layer 12 . The closing membrane 18 is made of a plastic and is completely watertight and vapor-tight. Such a Closing membrane 18 is particularly suitable for ventilated facades. Alternatively, the closing membrane 18 can also be permeable to water vapor, so that the greening textile 10 allows water vapor to escape from the rear.

FIG. 3 shows a greening textile 10 which has a textile storage layer 20 in addition to the material layers 12, 14, 16 shown in FIG. The textile storage layer 20 is arranged between the irrigation layer 12 and the substrate layer 14 . The textile storage layer stores liquid and releases the stored liquid to the substrate layer 14 . The storage layer 20 is supplied with liquid by the irrigation layer 12 . The textile storage layer 20 thus allows liquid to be passed on from the irrigation layer 12 to the substrate layer 14 transversely to the greening textile 10. The liquid introduced into the irrigation layer 12 thus reaches the substrate material and the plant seeds of the substrate layer 14 via the textile storage layer 20. The textile storage layer 20 can be a nonwoven fabric include or be formed from another liquid-storing textile. For example, the textile storage layer includes natural fibers, bio-based fibers, biodegradable fibers or synthetic fibers. In this exemplary embodiment, the textile storage layer 20 is needled to the protective layer 16 in a planar connection area in such a way that the storage layer 20 and the protective layer 16 press flatly onto the substrate layer 14 in the connection area.

FIG. 4 shows a greening textile 10 which, in addition to the material layers 12, 14, 16, 20 shown in FIG. 3, comprises a closing membrane 18. The closing membrane 18 is again used to prevent or reduce the escape of liquid and nutrients from the rear of the greening textile 10.

5 and 6 show greening textiles 10 which allow plants to grow on both sides. For this purpose, the greening textiles 10 each have two substrate layers 14a, 14b. Textile protective layers 16a, 16b, which protect the plant seeds and the substrate material in the substrate layers 14a, 14b from direct sunlight and drying out.

The greening textiles 10 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 each have a central irrigation layer 12 into which liquid, for example water, can be introduced. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the liquid introduced into the irrigation layer 12 is first passed on to the storage layers 20a, 20b arranged on both sides of the irrigation layer 12. The irrigation layer 12 and the storage layers 20a, 20b are consequently arranged backwards with respect to the substrate layers 14a, 14b. The storage layers 20a, 20b store the liquid imbibed by the irrigation layer 12 and deliver the stored liquid to the substrate layers 14a, 14b.

In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6, the storage layers 20a, 20b are omitted. The liquid introduced into the irrigation layer 12 is thus delivered directly from the irrigation layer to the substrate layers 14a, 14b.

7 shows a greening textile 10, which also allows plants to grow on both sides. In this case, the substrate layer 14 is arranged between two protective layers 16a, 16b, which are in planar contact with the substrate layer 14. The greening textile 10 has no irrigation layer and no storage layer. Depending on the definition, layer 16a may be the face or back layer of material. Thus, depending on the definition, layer 16b can also be the front or back material layer. For example, one or more irrigation lines, for example perforated hoses, can run through the substrate layer 14 so that adequate irrigation of the substrate layer 14 is ensured.

FIG. 8 shows four possible embodiments of the textile protective layer 16, which is intended to protect the plant seeds and the substrate material of the substrate layer from external influences. In principle, the protective layer can have one or more nonwoven layers 22, 22a, 22b, 24, 24a, 24b. the Protective layer 16 may be needled, bonded, welded or sewn to one or more other front or back layers of greening textile 10 .

The protective layer 16 can, for example, be in two layers, with one nonwoven layer 22 consisting of natural fibers and another nonwoven layer 24 consisting of synthetic fibers. Either the non-woven fabric layer 22 made of natural fibers or the non-woven fabric layer 24 made of synthetic fibers can be on the outside.

Furthermore, the protective layer 16 can be formed in three layers. For example, a non-woven fabric layer 24 made of synthetic fibers can be arranged between two non-woven fabric layers 22a, 22b made of natural fibers. Alternatively, a non-woven fabric layer 22 made of natural fibers can be arranged between two non-woven fabric layers 24a, 24b made of synthetic fibers.

The protective layer 16 can have a thickness between 0.1 mm and 5 cm. Protective layers 16 with a thickness between 2 mm and 1.5 cm are particularly preferred.

9 shows a four-layer greening textile 10. A protective layer 16 is arranged on the front side of a substrate layer 14 comprising plant seeds and the substrate material. On the back of the substrate layer 14, an irrigation layer 12 is initially arranged. A closing membrane 18 is located on the back of the irrigation layer 12.

The irrigation layer 12 has a spacer fabric 26 . The spacer fabric is formed from a polymeric fiber material. The spacer fabric 26 has pile threads on the inside, which are arranged between two textile layers of the watering layer 12 and ensure the desired layer rigidity. The planar side of the irrigation layer 12 that faces the substrate layer 14 is liquid-permeable and thus allows liquid to pass through from the irrigation layer 12 to the substrate layer 14. Furthermore, the planar side of the irrigation layer that faces the substrate layer 14 can be designed in such a way that the passage of plant roots is prevented. In the spacer fabric 26 run irrigation lines 28a, 28b, which are designed as hoses. The irrigation lines 28a, 28b can be connected to an irrigation system and are used to transport water into deeper areas of the greening textile 10. The irrigation lines 28a, 28b can be perforated in segments or continuously, so that liquid can escape into the spacer fabric 26.

Alternatively or in addition to the spacer fabric 26, the irrigation layer 12 can also comprise a spacer fabric and/or a drainage mat.

FIG. 10 shows a production plant 100 which can be used to produce a greening textile 10 . In the production plant 100, an irrigation layer 12, onto which a closing membrane 18 has been laminated on one side, is moved in the conveying direction F by means of a conveyor system 102. The conveyor system 102 can, for example, comprise a conveyor belt on which the layered composite of irrigation layer 12 and closing membrane 18 rests. Plant seeds 30 and substrate material 32 are sprinkled onto the irrigation layer 12 by means of a technical sprinkler system 104 , so that a flat substrate layer 14 resting on the irrigation layer 12 is produced, which includes plant seeds 30 and substrate material 32 . The trickle system 104 includes a trickle outlet 106, under which the irrigation layer 12 together with the closing membrane 18 is moved through.

A protective layer 16 is then applied to the substrate layer 14 produced. The protective layer 16 is unrolled from a roll of material 34 . After the protective layer 16 has been applied, the substrate layer 14 is located between the irrigation layer 12 and the protective layer 16.

The layers 12, 14, 16, 18 are then fed to a needling system 108. In the needling system, the material layer 16 on the front side and the material layer 12 on the rear side are joined together in a planar manner in a connecting region extending over the substrate layer 14 needled so that the material layers 12, 16 needled together press flatly onto the substrate layer 14 in the connection area.

The greening textile 10 produced can subsequently be wound onto a material roll or material drum and transported to the installation site.

11 shows a greening textile 10 which is attached to a vertical wall. The greening textile 10 has a plurality of eyelets 36a-36e. The greening textile 10 can be hung on hooks 38a-38e via the eyelets 36a-36e, with the hooks 38a-38e being anchored, for example, in a building facade.

After completion of the installation work, the germination process of the plant seeds in the substrate layer 14 can be triggered by watering the greening textile 10 for the first time.

12 shows the installation of a greening textile 10 using guide rails 42a, 42b. The guide rails 42a, 42b can be designed, for example, as piping rails. The greening textile 10 is wound onto a rolling body 44, for example a mandrel. During the unwinding of the greening textile 10, outside guide members 40a, 40b of the greening textile 10 are inserted into the guide rails 42a, 42b, so that the greening textile 10 is guided during unrolling. The outside guide members 40a, 40b can be piping, for example.

FIG. 13 shows a greening textile 10 into which a piping 40 is incorporated on the outside. The greening textile 10 can be guided in a keder rail during the installation process by means of the keder cross section shown.

As shown in FIG. 14, the greening textile can also be installed from below. In this case, outside guide members 40a, 40b of the greening textile 10 are inserted from below into guide rails 42a, 42b, so that a vertical arrangement of the greening textile by a The greening textile can be pulled up along the guide rails 42a, 42b.

15 shows several greening textiles 10a-10d, which are connected to one another via guide rails 42b-42d. The outside guide rails 42a, 42e can be anchored to a building facade in order to ensure sufficient stability for the greening textile arrangement. In addition, the guide rails 42b-42d can also be anchored to the building facade. Greening textiles 10a-10d each have a plurality of irrigation lines 28a-28m, with the irrigation lines 28a-28m being connected to a distribution line 46. The distribution line 46 is part of an irrigation system, via which the irrigation layers 12 of the greening textiles 10a-10d can be supplied with water.

FIG. 16 shows that pockets 48a-48c can be applied to the outer protective layer 16 of a greening textile 10. FIG. The pockets 48a-48c are formed from pieces of textile 52a-52c, which are fixed to the protective layer 16 of the greening textile 10 via fixing straps 50a-50c. The pockets 48a-48c can be individually filled and planted by the user of the greening textile 10.

As shown in FIG. 17, the fixing strap 50 can be a Velcro strap which has Velcro hooks on the front and on the back. If the protective layer 16 is formed from a non-woven fabric, the fixing straps 50 designed as Velcro hook strips can be fixed to the protective layer in a non-destructive and reversibly detachable manner. If the piece of textile 52 is also a non-woven fabric, it can then also be attached non-destructively and reversibly detachably to the fixing strap 50 designed as a Velcro strap in order to form the pocket 48 . reference sign

10, 10a-10d greening textiles

12 irrigation layer

14, 14a, 14b substrate layers

16, 16a, 16b protective layers

18 closing membrane

20, 20a, 20b storage layers

22, 22a, 22b non-woven layers

24, 24a, 24b non-woven layers

26 spacer fabric

28a-28m irrigation lines

30 Plant Seeds

32 substrate material

34 roll of material

36a-36e eyelets

38a-38e hooks

40, 40a, 40b guide links

42a-42e guide rails

44 unwind body

46 distribution line

48, 48a-48c pockets

50, 50a-50c fixation straps

52, 52a-52c pieces of textile

100 crafting facility

102 Conveyor

104 sprinkler system

106 trickle spout

108 needling machine

200 building section

F conveying direction

Claims

Claims Greening textile (10, 10a-10d) for the greening of building or site sections (200), with: at least one flat substrate layer (14, 14a, 14b) which comprises plant seeds (30) and substrate material (32), the substrate material (32) is set up to allow germination of the plant seeds (30) and to serve as a breeding ground for the plants arising from the plant seeds (30); one or more front layers of material (16, 16a, 16b) disposed on a front side of the substrate layer (14, 14a, 14b); and one or more backing material layers (12, 16, 16a, 16b, 18, 20, 20a, 20b) disposed on a backside of the substrate layer (14, 14a, 14b); characterized in that the substrate material (32) comprises granular and free-flowing material and at least one front-side material layer (16, 16a, 16b) and at least one back-side material layer (12, 16, 16a, 16b, 18, 20, 20a, 20b) a trickling out the plant seeds (30) and the substrate material (32) from the greening textile (10, 10a-10d), in particular from the substrate layer (14, 14a, 14b), regardless of the orientation of the greening textile (10, 10a-10d). Greening textile (10, 10a-10d) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the substrate material (32) consists largely of soil material containing soil. Greening textile (10, 10a-10d) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the substrate material (32) comprises inorganic material, the inorganic material preferably comprising clay minerals, silt and/or sand. Greening textile (10, 10a-10d) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one front material layer (16, 16a, 16b) and at least one rear material layer (12, 16, 16a, 16b, 18, 20, 20a, 20b ) are connected to one another over a large area at a large number of connection points in a connection region extending over the substrate layer (14, 14a, 14b) in such a way that the material layers connected to one another press flatly onto the substrate layer (14, 14a, 14b) in the connection region. Greening textile (10, 10a-10d) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one front material layer (16, 16a, 16b) and at least one rear material layer (12, 16, 16a, 16b, 18, 20, 20a, 20b ) are needled and/or sewn together over a large area in a connecting area extending over the substrate layer (14, 14a, 14b) in such a way that the material layers needled and/or sewn together stabilize the substrate layer (14, 14a, 14b) over a large area in the connecting area. Greening textile (10, 10a-10d) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one front material layer (16, 16a, 16b) is designed as a single-layer or multi-layer textile protective layer (16, 16a, 16b) which protects the plant seeds (30th ) and protects the substrate material (32) from external influences. Greening textile (10, 10a-10d) according to Claim 6, characterized in that the protective layer (16, 16a, 16b) comprises one or more fabric layers, one or more knitted fabric layers, one or more non-woven fabric layers (22, 22a, 22b, 24, 24a, 24b), one or more knitted layers, and/or one or more braided layers and/or a composite layer made of a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a knitted fabric, and/or a braid. Greening textile (10, 10a-10d) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one rear material layer (12, 16, 16a, 16b, 18, 20, 20a, 20b) as a single-layer or multi-layer textile storage layer (20, 20a, 20b) which is designed to store liquid and to release the stored liquid to the substrate layer (14, 14a, 14b). Greening textile (10, 10a-10d) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one material layer (12, 16, 16a, 16b, 18, 20, 20a, 20b) on the back is designed as a single-layer or multi-layer textile irrigation layer (12). , into which liquid can be introduced and which is set up to distribute the liquid introduced and to deliver it to the substrate layer (14, 14a, 14b) or the storage layer (20, 20a, 20b). Greening textile (10, 10a-10d) according to Claim 9, characterized in that the irrigation layer (12) comprises a spacer fabric (26), spacer fabric and/or a drainage mat. Greening textile (10, 10a-10d) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one rear material layer (12, 16, 16a, 16b, 18, 20, 20a, 20b) is designed as a closing membrane (18) which is set up for this purpose is to prevent or at least reduce rear liquid leakage and/or rear nutrient leakage. 12. Use of a greening textile (10, 10a-10d) according to any one of claims 1 to 11 as a hanging greening curtain for greening a building facade. 13. Use of a greening textile (10, 10a-10d) according to any one of claims 1 to 11 as a lying greening mat for greening an embankment. 14. A method for producing a greening textile (10, 10a-10d), in particular a greening textile according to one of claims 1 to 11, with the steps: Application of plant seeds (30) and substrate material (32) to a material layer to produce a flat substrate layer (14, 14a, 14b) lying on the material layer and comprising plant seeds (30) and substrate material (32); and arranging a further material layer on the produced substrate layer (14, 14a, 14b), so that the two material layers with respect to the substrate layer (14, 14a, 14b) have a front side and a back side material layer (12, 16, 16a, 16b, 18, 20, 20a, 20b); characterized by the step of: areally connecting the front material layer (16, 16a, 16b) and the rear material layer (12, 16, 16a, 16b, 18, 20, 20a, 20b) at a plurality of connection points in a layer extending over the substrate layer ( 14, 14a, 14b) extending connecting area in such a way that the material layers connected to one another in the connecting area press flatly onto the substrate layer (14, 14a, 14b). 15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the plant seeds (30) and the substrate material (32) are applied to the material layer by a technical sprinkler system (104), the material layer during the Application of the plant seeds (30) and the substrate material (32) is preferably conveyed through the sprinkler system (104) and under a sprinkler outlet (106) of the sprinkler system (104), the plant seeds (30) and the substrate material (32) overflow onto the Layer of material are sprinkled, moved through. The method according to claims 14 or 15, characterized in that the surface connection of the front material layer (16, 16a, 16b) and the rear material layer (12, 16, 16a, 16b, 18, 20, 20a, 20b) by needling or sewing by means a technical needling or sewing plant (108), the trickling plant (104) and the needling or sewing plant (108) preferably forming a plant unit (100).