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WO2021232128A1 - Device for training in surgical procedures and manufacturing method for the device - Google Patents

Device for training in surgical procedures and manufacturing method for the device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021232128A1
WO2021232128A1 PCT/BR2021/050213 BR2021050213W WO2021232128A1 WO 2021232128 A1 WO2021232128 A1 WO 2021232128A1 BR 2021050213 W BR2021050213 W BR 2021050213W WO 2021232128 A1 WO2021232128 A1 WO 2021232128A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
training
region
surgical procedures
regions
image capture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/BR2021/050213
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French (fr)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Thiago Magalhães BRAMANTE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Benevenuto Dyego Sa
Original Assignee
Benevenuto Dyego Sa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Benevenuto Dyego Sa filed Critical Benevenuto Dyego Sa
Publication of WO2021232128A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021232128A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine

Definitions

  • the present invention describes an apparatus for training surgical procedures allowing the user to simulate real surgical procedures, in addition to allowing its simple assembly and disassembly.
  • videolaparoscopy is a type of minimally invasive surgery performed with the aid of an endocamera in the abdomen.
  • the minimally invasive surgery methods are performed so that there is a small incision in the patient, where surgical devices called laparoscopes are introduced.
  • Such devices consist of a cylindrical instrument, such as a telescope, which transmits images from the patient's interior to a monitor where the surgeon can monitor the patient's development.
  • the surgeon uses optics, tweezers, staplers, aspirators or more instruments necessary to carry out the surgical procedure, introducing them to the patient and, through the video transmitted by the laparoscope, monitors the movements being performed inside the patient .
  • simulators presented comprise dimensions and high weight, in addition to requiring fixed and specific locations so that the professional can practice videolaparoscopy techniques. Furthermore, such simulators do not allow the professional to transport it in a simple way. Furthermore, these current simulators need to assemble a series of elements and components that compose them, that is, the professional is obliged to assemble several parts in order to carry out the training.
  • the existing simulators have a limitation regarding the different operating angles that each surgical procedure requires, since different surgical procedures have different incision and operation plans, and the existing training equipment has the limitation of only one angle operation, which hinders the practice of training in surgical procedures.
  • current simulators are available for a certain type of surgery, so if the professional needs to train different types of surgical procedures, he is obliged to use another simulator.
  • the document WO2017024370 presents equipment for the practice and training of surgical procedures composed of different interconnected regions that allow the practice of the surgical procedure at different angles of inclination.
  • This equipment of WO2017024370 is formed in laminar material, where the interconnection between the regions consists of joining implemented in the nature of the equipment material itself, for example, as a fold of a more flexible region of said material. Such configuration, however, differs from what is proposed in the present invention.
  • Document CN203038553 presents a device for training laparoscopy, in which said device comprises cavities for introducing endoscopic instruments, in addition to having a support for an endoscopic camera, where this endoscopic camera can be arbitrarily folded and fixed.
  • the device of this document CN203038553 has a fragile structure, in addition to understanding the limitation in the training angle of endoscopic instruments, and cannot train in the most diverse angles found in real situations.
  • Document CN206003425 presents equipment for training laparoscopic procedures, in which said equipment comprises cavities on its surface and in its lateral structures for the introduction of endoscopic instruments.
  • this document CN206003425 has a fragile side structure, as it is only a small thread of material.
  • This lateral region as it has a space for the introduction of the laparoscope and is intended for training, needs to have greater resistance, since it is under the efforts of the device's movements imposed by the user.
  • the equipment in this document CN206003425 has a limited training angle, and cannot train in the most diverse angles found in real situations.
  • its camera support limits the placement of the training sample, where the camera is perpendicular to a single axis, further limiting the possible training angles.
  • Document CN207473924 presents a device for laparoscopic training, in which said device comprises two endoscopic instruments associated with the structure of the device, a mirror to view the training sample, an internal temperature display of the device, a drawer for insertion of the training samples and 3D glasses for depth perception.
  • this document CN207473924 has a completely closed structure, impairing the lighting and perception of the training sample.
  • the device drawer of document CN207473924 is the only way to insert the training sample inside the device, not having modularity and limiting the training angle. Another point is that the endoscopic instruments are linked together in a single position, so it is not possible to train at different angles.
  • the document EP2068294 describes a simulator for laparoscopy surgery that features a main mast where the camera is attached, which is permanently inside the equipment, in addition to having openings for the insertion of tweezers in the upper part of the equipment. This solution, however, does not propose openings that allow the practice of surgery at different angles.
  • the present invention solves the problems of the state of the art from the development of an apparatus for training surgical procedures, in which said apparatus is easy to assemble and transport.
  • the apparatus of the present invention is provided with regions associated with each other, capable of being assembled by means of movements and fitting between these regions. Said regions are specifically positioned to simulate the angulations a physician or surgeon is subjected to during surgery.
  • the apparatus of the invention is provided with at least one opening for image capture, where it is possible to position or insert an image capture device, in which this opening is positioned in such a way as to enable the vision of the image of the interior of the apparatus is more suitable for a set of certain types of surgery, that is, the opening for image capture is positioned before or in the same line as the openings for insertion of the training clamps.
  • the apparatus is also provided with a support for an image capture device and a drawer for positioning training material, in which said apparatus is easy to assemble and transport, as well as providing the practice with different angles of operation.
  • the apparatus is provided with mechanisms that enable better adaptability to the actual procedure, enabling a professional that performs the training adapts the apparatus according to the surgical procedure to be trained, as well as adapts the training material to what best simulates a real position.
  • the present invention presents an apparatus for training surgical procedures that comprises at least one structure for positioning at least one training material, wherein the structure comprises at least two lateral regions (11 and 12) separated by at least one central region (13), said lateral regions (11 and 12) and the central region (13) being associated with a front region (10), wherein: at least the lateral regions (11 and 12) are provided with at least one opening (20) for insertion of surgical element; and the structure comprises at least one image capturing opening (100, 130) positioned in at least one region up to a first plane (A), which is delimited by the openings (20) of the lateral regions (11 and 12).
  • the present invention presents a system for training laparoscopy procedures that comprises: an apparatus for training surgical procedures, as defined above; trocars; movable support (17) for an electronic image capture device comprising a flexible body (172) and an angulation control rod (171); training element; and mobile base (40) for positioning the training element.
  • the present invention presents a process of manufacturing apparatus for training surgical procedures that comprises the steps of: obtaining a base material for the structure of the apparatus; obtaining at least two lateral regions (11 and 12), at least one central region (13) and at least one frontal region (10); and assembly of the apparatus, wherein the two side regions (11 and 12) are separated by at least one central region (13), said lateral regions (11 and 12) and the central region (13) being associated with a front region (10).
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a detailed view of the front region (10) of the embodiment of figure 1.
  • Figure 3 shows a top plan view of the embodiment of figure 1, in a position where the apparatus is disassembled.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show a perspective view of another embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 shows a detailed view of the front region (10) of the apparatus of the present invention, in the embodiment of figures 4 and 5.
  • Figure 7 shows a detailed view of the support (17) for image capture devices used in the embodiment of figures 4 and 5.
  • Figure 8 shows an internal view of the apparatus of the embodiment of figures 4 and 5, detailing the association between the support (17) and the position adjustment mechanism of the image capture device.
  • Figure 9 shows a lower view of the assembled apparatus, highlighting the association between the regions by the fitting elements (30), where this arrangement of associations is used both in the embodiment of figure 1 and in the embodiment of figures 4 and 5 .
  • Figure 10 shows a top plan view of the embodiment of figures 4 and 5, in a disassembled position.
  • Figure 11 shows a top plan view of an embodiment of the mobile base (40) of the present invention, in a disassembled position.
  • Figure 12 shows a detailed view of an embodiment of a hinge (50) for associating the regions of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 shows another detailed view of an embodiment of a hinge (50) of Figure 12 for associating the regions of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 shows a detailed view of an embodiment of a hinge (50) of 37.5° for association of the regions of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 shows a detailed view of an embodiment of a hinge (50) of 90° for associating the regions of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 shows an embodiment of the movable support coupler (17) for electronic device with image capture apparatus (1) of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 shows an embodiment of the attachment of the movable support (17) for electronic device with image capture to the flexible body (172) of said movable support (17) for electronic device with image capture of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 shows an embodiment shows an embodiment of the movable support (17) for electronic device with image capture of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 shows an embodiment of the flexible body (172) and angular control rod (171) of the movable support (17) for electronic device of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 shows an embodiment of the movable support (17) for an electronic device with image capture disassociated in the apparatus (1) of the present invention, with its coupling mechanism (1721) and fixing protrusion (1722) being highlighted.
  • Figure 21 shows an embodiment of the movable support (17) for an electronic device with image capture associated with the apparatus (1) of the present invention, the engagement mechanism (1721) being highlighted in the engaged state.
  • Figures 22 to 25 show different views of a construction of the apparatus of the present invention, in one of its embodiments.
  • Figures 26 to 28 show different views illustrating the support for image capture device interacting with the apparatus, in which the support for image capture device is coupled in an association hole (102) of the front region ( 10) of the apparatus and the positioning of the image capturing device in one of the openings of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 29 shows the apparatus of the present invention in operation, illustrating the support for image capture device positioning said device in one of the openings, as well as the image generated by image capture by the device in the oriented position.
  • Figure 30 shows an embodiment of the mobile base (40) of the present invention, in a disassembled state.
  • Figure 31 shows a top perspective view of an embodiment of the mobile base (40) in an assembled state.
  • Figure 32 shows the disassembly of a surface of an embodiment of the mobile base (40) of the present invention.
  • Figure 33 shows the surface of Figure 32 embedded, forming the structure of the mobile base (40) of the present invention.
  • Figure 34 shows a schematic of the view that the professional has inside the patient, where the surgical instrument appears at the top of your image.
  • Figure 35 shows a schematic of the view that the professional has inside the patient, in a simulator of the state of the art, where the surgical instrument appears at the bottom of your image.
  • the present invention presents an apparatus for training procedures surgical [0057]
  • the apparatus of the present invention is intended for training laparoscopic surgeries, but not restricted to this modality.
  • the apparatus of the present invention is made in order to enable the parts/components thereof to be foldable and easily mountable, to enable the transport of the same.
  • the apparatus is provided in at least two ways: assembled or disassembled. When disassembled, the apparatus can be presented in a flattened fashion or folded to the point of being boxed in a briefcase. Additionally, in another embodiment, the apparatus is configured to, when disassembled, resemble a briefcase.
  • the present invention presents an apparatus for training surgical procedures that comprises at least one structure for positioning at least one training material, wherein the structure comprises at least two lateral regions (11 and 12) separated by at least one central region (13), said lateral regions (11 and 12) and the central region (13) being associated with a front region (10), wherein: at least the lateral regions (11 and 12) are provided with at least one opening (20) for insertion of surgical element; and the structure comprises at least one image capturing opening (100, 130) positioned in at least one region up to a first plane (A), which is delimited by the openings (20) of the lateral regions (11 and 12).
  • the image capture aperture (100, 130) is positioned in at least one region up to the foreground (A) refers to the fact that the image capture aperture (100 or 130) is positioned in any part of the apparatus that is before the openings (20) for insertion of surgical instruments, that is, at any point starting from the lower part of the frontal region (10) to the part delimited by plane A in the central region (13).
  • This configuration allows the professional to have an internal image in which the tweezers appear on top of the image, in order to offer another angle of vision for the professional.
  • a view in which the tweezers appear from above in the image made available to the professional was sketched in figure 34. This image is possible to be obtained due to the configuration of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • the apparatus of the invention is provided so that the front region (10) comprises an opening for image capture (100) that is perpendicular to the openings (20), where by perpendicular it is understood that when crossing a imaginary line central to this opening (100), such a line is perpendicular to an imaginary line that crosses centrally the opening (20).
  • the image capture opening (100) is positioned in an upper part of the frontal region (10).
  • the apparatus has an opening for image capture (130) comprised in the central region (13), where this opening (130) is positioned, as described above, up to the first plane (A). That is, the opening (130) is arranged to be in front of the openings (20) or in line with them.
  • the central region (13) is also provided with an opening (20) for insertion of a surgical instrument, which is arranged after the opening (130).
  • the lateral regions (11 and 12) are part of the structural support of the apparatus and, at the same time, enable the professional to use them for training, since they are provided with openings (20).
  • said lateral regions (11 and 12) are inclined in relation to the parallel plane of the base (15) or in relation to the central region (13) itself. This inclination makes it possible to simulate the real position in which the professional performs the procedure.
  • the lateral regions (11 and 12) comprise structural regions (111 and 121), which enable the assembly process and, at the same time, ensure the inclination of the lateral regions (11 and 12).
  • the structural regions (111 and 121) are supported perpendicularly (or close to perpendicular) to any flat base, which can be the base (15), to provide the assembly of the apparatus.
  • the lateral regions (11 and 12) thus form an obtuse angle with respect to the two structural regions (111 and 121).
  • the lateral regions (11 and 12) and the central region (13) are associated with the front region (10) by means of fitting elements (30).
  • the lateral regions (11 and 12) are slanted, to allow training with this angle, and the central region (13) is at the top of the apparatus, to allow training in a perpendicular way.
  • the structural regions (111 and 121) of the lateral regions (11 and 12) are also associated with the frontal region (10).
  • the framework regions (111 and 121) are supported on the front region (10).
  • the structural regions (111 and 121) are associated with the central region (10) by means of interlocking elements (30).
  • at least one of the structural regions (111 and 121) is associated with the front region (10) by means of the locking element, while the other is supported on said front region (10).
  • the fitting elements (30) are implemented naturally in the regions of the apparatus, that is, the elements of fitting (30) are formed in the regions themselves, and may be, for example, flaps, projections, projections, openings, tears, holes, etc., in a male-female arrangement. Additionally, some of the regions are connected to each other by means of hinges, being components independent of the regions. [0068] In one embodiment, the assembly by associating the regions of the apparatus is performed by means of at least one hinge (50) that associates one region to the other. In one embodiment, the hinge (50) secures certain regions of the apparatus so that the regions become a structure as a whole, with no separation of regions, so that when disassembled, the apparatus has the shape of a briefcase. Thus, in one embodiment, the assembly of the apparatus is carried out only by “opening” the regions and fitting them into fitting elements (30).
  • the professional in training is able to associate an image capture device on the support, and this couple in the frontal region (10) of the apparatus.
  • the movable support (17) for image capture device is coupled to an association hole (102) in the front region (10) of the apparatus.
  • the support comprises at least flexible body (172) and angulation control rod (171) to manipulate at least one image capture device, wherein said support is attachable to a front region (10 ) of the structure.
  • the movable support (17) comprises a joint of the flexible body (172) and angulation control rod (171), in such a way that an electronic device such as a camera has its angulation controlled, enabling the visualization of the interior part of the apparatus through the electronic device at different angles.
  • the flexible body (172) allows the support of the rod (171) in different positions and the rod (171) allows to approximate and/or distance the camera inside the apparatus. With the movable support (17) it is possible to perform the training conditions with a greater degree of similarity to the real surgery environment, where a user can move the camera capture angle with greater mobility of according to your need.
  • the movable bracket (17) for electronic device comprises at the end of its flexible cable, a coupler comprising fixing protrusion (1722) that allows the connection or fitting of the movable bracket (17) in the hole (102) of the apparatus.
  • the movable support coupler (17) also comprises an engagement mechanism (1721), which makes it possible to align with an edge of some of the regions of the apparatus, to allow the fastening protrusion (1722) to be aligned with the capture openings. of image (100, 130).
  • this coupling mechanism (1721) has an additional extension to be locked to the edge of the frontal region (10) of the apparatus, enabling better locking of the apparatus.
  • the support comprises a locline for non-permanent fixation of the flexible rod, which enables positioning of the image capture device in any of the openings (20) of the apparatus.
  • the support comprises a plurality of interlocking loclines for non-permanent fixation of the flexible rod, enabling the positioning of the image capture device in any of the openings (20) of the apparatus, as well as enabling configuration of the size of the apparatus. support, through said loclines that can be fitted together, according to the size of the flexible rod and/or as needed in each surgical procedure training.
  • the rod is secured to the locline by means of non-permanent joints such as screws.
  • the locline is coupled in an association hole (102) of the front (10) of the apparatus so that the support rod is positioned in one of the openings (20).
  • the movable support (17) is arranged in a support flap format, so that it is possible to support an electronic image capture device.
  • the front region (10) is provided with a mechanism for regulating the position of devices for image capture, which allows the professional to adjust the positioning of the image capture device during training, according to their needs.
  • Said adjustment mechanism is formed by adjustment openings (102) in the frontal region (10), where said openings (102) are spaced at pre-defined levels, that is, at a pre-defined distance.
  • the adjustment openings (102) are adapted to receive the fitting projections (173) of the support (17), the openings (102) being able, in this sense, to have any geometry that is compatible with the fitting projections (173).
  • the apparatus is provided with a mobile base (40) that is associable to the back of said training apparatus, where said mobile base (40) can be any element capable of receiving and eventually , serve as support for the training material, this structure being capable of being moved from the inside to the outside or from the outside to the inside of the apparatus.
  • said mobile base (40) is provided with at least one base and at least one region that extends in a plane not parallel to that of the base, which may or may not be perpendicular, upwards or downwards.
  • the mobile base (40) is modular. [0075] In one embodiment, the mobile base (40) comprises at least one base (41) and side regions (42) where the side regions (42) are associable to the base (41) so that it is increased considerably , the freedom of positioning the training material. In one embodiment, the training material is positioned between the lateral region (42) and the base (41).
  • a non-permanent fastening means is used as an aid.
  • the training material and/or the base mobile (40) is made of a material that comprises mechanical properties that allow the positioning of the training material to the side to be carried out by friction.
  • the mobile base (40) comprises at least one sliding guide, where said guide serves as an aid in the displacement of said mobile base (40).
  • the mobile base (40) comprises a drawer format.
  • the movable base (40) is made of EVA material.
  • the mobile base (40) comprises modularity, thus allowing its assembly and disassembly.
  • the front (43) of the mobile base (40) has a tape (431) that allows pulling the mobile base (40), disassociating it from the apparatus (1) for training.
  • the present invention presents a system for training laparoscopy procedures that comprises: an apparatus for training surgical procedures, as defined above; trocars; movable support (17) for an electronic image capture device comprising a flexible body (172) and an angulation control rod (171); training element; and mobile base (40) for positioning the training element.
  • the trocar is associable with at least one of the openings (20) so that the surgical instruments can be inserted.
  • the movable support (17) for an electronic device with image capture is associable with an association hole (102) of the front region (10), in order to enable the image capture device to be positioned in one of the openings (100, 130). In this way, the image capture device can be positioned both inside the apparatus and outside it, in order to capture the images from its interior.
  • the present invention presents a apparatus manufacturing process for training surgical procedures, which comprises the steps of: obtaining a base material for the apparatus structure; obtaining at least two lateral regions (11 and 12), at least one central region (13) and at least one frontal region (10); and assembly of the apparatus, wherein the two side regions (11 and 12) are separated by at least one central region (13), said lateral regions (11 and 12) and the central region (13) being associated with a front region (10).
  • the step of obtaining a base material can be defined as the selection of a material to start making the apparatus.
  • the apparatus is made from ACM.
  • the step of obtaining the regions of the apparatus is performed by cutting the base material in the drawings by regions.
  • the step of obtaining the regions can be obtained through 3D printing.
  • the apparatus is provided in flat form, as shown in figure 3, for later assembly.
  • Example 1 Laparoscopy Training in Gynecology and Urology [0086]
  • the examples shown here are only intended to exemplify one of the numerous ways of carrying out the invention, however without limiting its scope.
  • the example described here refers to an apparatus that is configured so that the camera is positioned behind the tweezers, being applied for training gynecologists and urologists.
  • the apparatus of the present invention was made in two alternative ways with regard to the frontal region (10) and the movable support (17).
  • the apparatus is as shown in the set of figures 1 to 3, where in figure 1 the apparatus is shown in a mounted position, so that the professional is able to carry out his training.
  • Figure 2 shows in detail the frontal region (10) of the apparatus, where it can be seen that the image capture opening (100) is arranged at the top of the frontal region (10) and has a circular shape.
  • FIG 3 a plan view of the disassembled apparatus is shown in detail, in order to highlight: the lateral region (11) and the structural region (111) are associated by means of hinges, as well as the structural region (111 ) snaps onto the base (15) via hinges.
  • the associations between the lateral region (12), the structural region (121), the central region (13) and the base (15) are given by means of hinges. Hinged connections make it possible to fold and unfold the apparatus.
  • the front region (10) is also associated with the base by means of a hinge.
  • the connections between the lateral regions (11 and 12) and the central region (13) with the front region (10) are carried out by means of fitting elements (30), which are projections extending from the front region (10) and connecting in tears in the other regions, as shown in figure 9.
  • Figures 4 to 10 show a second alternative for the apparatus of the present invention.
  • the frontal region (10) stands out, being provided with a mechanism for adjusting the position of image capture devices, which allows the professional to adjust the positioning the image capture device during training, according to your needs.
  • Said adjustment mechanism is formed by adjustment openings (102) in the frontal region (10), where said openings (102) are spaced at pre-defined levels, that is, at a pre-defined distance.
  • the adjustment openings (102) are adapted to receive the fitting projections (173) of the support (17), the openings (102) being able, in this sense, to have any geometry that is compatible with the fitting projections (173).
  • the image capture opening (100) is provided in the upper part of the frontal region (10), presenting a rectangular shape with a small curvature on one of the edges.
  • the movable support (17) is arranged in a support flap format, so that it is possible to support an electronic image capture device, such as a smartphone or tablet.
  • Figures 12 and 13 show connectors that help to assemble the apparatus.
  • Figure 14 shows a 37.5° hinge.
  • Figure 15 shows a 90° hinge.
  • Such connectors and hinges can be used in the assembly of both alternatives presented above.
  • the movable support (17) implemented with the configuration of figures 1 to 3, this is formed by a flexible body (172) and a rod (171).
  • the movable support (17) comprises at the end of its flexible cable, a coupler comprising fixing protrusion (1722) that allows the connection or fitting of the movable support (17) in the hole (102) arranged in the front region (10) of the apparatus near the upper edges of said region.
  • the movable support coupler (17) also comprises an engagement mechanism (1721), which makes it possible to align with an edge of some of the regions of the apparatus, to allow the fastening protrusion (1722) to be aligned with the capture openings. of image (100, 130).
  • the movable support (17) was made of locline-type structures, as shown in figures 16 to 18.
  • the support made can be seen in figures 19 to 21.
  • Figures 22 to 28 show views of the apparatus of the first alternative assembled, with the regions fitted as described above and properly adjusted to be associated with the movable support (17).
  • Figure 22 shows a front view of the apparatus of the present invention, illustrating the openings (20) and the association holes in the front (10) for fixing the camera support.
  • Figure 23 shows a side view, illustrating the hinges that make the association of the regions of the apparatus.
  • Figure 24 shows a rear view of the apparatus and figure 25 shows the drawer being inserted into the interior of the apparatus.
  • Figures 26 to 28 show the movable support (17) associated with the trim, being able to position the camera both in the opening (100) of the frontal region (10) and in the opening (130) of the central region (13).
  • Figure 29 shows the present invention in operation, where the image capture device was positioned in a desired position by means of the support and an image is generated and viewed in an electronic device to carry out the surgical procedure training.
  • FIG 11 shows the mobile base (40), in plan view, which positions a training material.
  • the mobile base (40) is arranged in a drawer format, when assembled, and positioned inside the apparatus.
  • the drawer is constructed of EVA material.
  • the base (41) fits into the other structures (42, 43 and 44), so that a training material disposed inside the drawer is positioned and adhered to the walls of the drawer.
  • Figures 30 to 33 illustrate an embodiment of the drawer.

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Abstract

The present invention describes a device for training in surgical procedures, enabling the user to simulate real surgical procedures, and also being easy to assemble and disassemble. The device according to the present invention includes regions connected by fastening means to enable the regions to be joined together when the device is assembled. Furthermore, the device according to the present invention is provided with a support for an image-capture device made of flexible material that enables the position of the image-capture device to be adjusted, enabling the professional to set different image-capture positions. The present invention pertains to the fields of medicine and education.

Description

Relatório Descritivo de Patente de Invenção Invention Patent Descriptive Report

APARATO PARA TREINAMENTO DE PROCEDIMENTOS CIRÚRGICOS E PROCESSO DE FABRICAÇÃO DO APARATO APPARATUS FOR TRAINING SURGICAL PROCEDURES AND THE APPARATUS MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Campo da Invenção Field of Invention

[0001] A presente invenção descreve um aparato para treinamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos permitindo ao usuário simular procedimentos reais de cirurgia, além de permitir sua simples montagem e desmontagem. [0001] The present invention describes an apparatus for training surgical procedures allowing the user to simulate real surgical procedures, in addition to allowing its simple assembly and disassembly.

Antecedentes da Invenção Background of the Invention

[0002] Com o avanço da medicina, diversas tecnologias relacionadas a técnicas de cirurgias são desenvolvidas a fim de facilitar o trabalho do profissional e, principalmente, evitar de colocar a vida de um paciente em risco. Uma técnica aplicada nos dias atuais é a chamada videolaparoscopia, que se trata de um tipo de cirurgia minimamente invasiva realizada com auxílio de uma endocâmera no abdómen. [0002] With the advancement of medicine, several technologies related to surgical techniques are developed in order to facilitate the professional's work and, mainly, to avoid putting a patient's life at risk. A technique currently applied is called videolaparoscopy, which is a type of minimally invasive surgery performed with the aid of an endocamera in the abdomen.

[0003] Os métodos de cirurgia minimamente invasiva são realizados de forma que haja uma pequena incisão no paciente, onde são introduzidos dispositivos cirúrgicos chamados laparoscópios. Tais dispositivos consistem em um instrumento cilíndrico, tal como uma luneta, que transmite imagens do interior do paciente para um monitor onde o médico cirurgião pode acompanhar o desenvolvimento do mesmo. Assim, o médico cirurgião utiliza ópticas, pinças, grampeadores, aspiradores ou mais instrumentos necessários para a realização do ato cirúrgico, introduzindo-os no paciente e, por meio do vídeo transmitido pelo laparoscópio, acompanha os movimentos que estão sendo executados no interior do paciente. [0003] The minimally invasive surgery methods are performed so that there is a small incision in the patient, where surgical devices called laparoscopes are introduced. Such devices consist of a cylindrical instrument, such as a telescope, which transmits images from the patient's interior to a monitor where the surgeon can monitor the patient's development. Thus, the surgeon uses optics, tweezers, staplers, aspirators or more instruments necessary to carry out the surgical procedure, introducing them to the patient and, through the video transmitted by the laparoscope, monitors the movements being performed inside the patient .

[0004] Desta forma, tal técnica exige diversos cuidados do profissional que realiza a cirurgia, uma vez que há a necessidade do manuseio dos instrumentos de forma adequada, onde uma movimentação equivocada pode ocasionar em danos irreparáveis ao paciente. Para isso, alguns tipos de simuladores estão sendo desenvolvidos para o auxílio, treinamento e prática destes profissionais que executam o procedimento cirúrgico. [0004] Thus, this technique requires several care from the professional who performs the surgery, since there is a need to handle the instruments properly, where a mistaken movement can cause irreparable damage to the patient. For this, some types of simulators are being developed for the assistance, training and practice of these professionals who perform the surgical procedure.

[0005] No entanto, atualmente os simuladores apresentados compreendem dimensões e peso elevado, além de necessitarem de locais fixos e específicos para que o profissional possa praticar as técnicas de videolaparoscopia. Ademais, tais simuladores não permitem que o profissional possa transportá-lo de maneira simples. Além do mais, estes simuladores atuais necessitam uma montagem de uma série de elementos e componentes que o compõe, isto é, o profissional é obrigado a montar diversas peças para que seja possível realizar o treinamento. [0005] However, currently the simulators presented comprise dimensions and high weight, in addition to requiring fixed and specific locations so that the professional can practice videolaparoscopy techniques. Furthermore, such simulators do not allow the professional to transport it in a simple way. Furthermore, these current simulators need to assemble a series of elements and components that compose them, that is, the professional is obliged to assemble several parts in order to carry out the training.

[0006] Ademais, os simuladores existentes possuem limitação com relação aos diferentes ângulos de operação que cada procedimento cirúrgico demanda, uma vez que diferentes procedimentos cirúrgicos possuem diferentes planos de incisão e operação, e os equipamentos de treinamento existentes possuem a limitação de apenas um ângulo de operação, o que dificulta a prática de treinamento de procedimento cirúrgico. Ou seja, os simuladores atuais são disponibilizados para determinado tipo de cirurgia, assim, caso o profissional necessite treinar diferentes tipos de procedimentos cirúrgicos, o mesmo se vê obrigado a utilizar um outro simulador. [0006] In addition, the existing simulators have a limitation regarding the different operating angles that each surgical procedure requires, since different surgical procedures have different incision and operation plans, and the existing training equipment has the limitation of only one angle operation, which hinders the practice of training in surgical procedures. In other words, current simulators are available for a certain type of surgery, so if the professional needs to train different types of surgical procedures, he is obliged to use another simulator.

[0007] Por exemplo, muitos simuladores estão direcionados especificamente para cirurgia no abdómen. Porém, nota-se que atualmente este tipo de prática cirúrgica vem sendo implementado em diferentes tipos de cirurgia, onde nesses diferentes tipos os cirurgiões são submetidos a executar a cirurgia em uma posição/ângulo distinta do que é comumente utilizado na cirurgia de abdómen. Este fato complica muito a vida do profissional, visto que seu treinamento é conduzido naquele ângulo. [0007] For example, many simulators are targeted specifically for surgery on the abdomen. However, it is noted that currently this type of surgical practice has been implemented in different types of surgery, where in these different types the surgeons are submitted to perform the surgery in a different position/angle than that commonly used in abdominal surgery. This fact complicates the professional's life a lot, since their training is conducted from that angle.

[0008] Para entendimento, é sabido que o profissional, durante o treinamento, adquire a habilidade de execução da cirurgia se mapeando através da câmera no interior do paciente e com a posição de seus membros segurando os instrumentos cirúrgicos, atribuindo a uma espécie de memória muscular. Quando é realizada uma alteração no ângulo da imagem de dentro do paciente, esta memória muscular do profissional pode ser prejudicada interferindo na sua habilidade de praticar a cirurgia. Na figura 35 é mostrada uma esquematização da vista que o profissional tem durante o procedimento de uma cirurgia no abdómen, ou seja, com as pinças aparecendo por baixo na sua imagem. Ao se mudar este ângulo, o profissional perde suas referências adquiridas no treinamento. [0008] For understanding, it is known that the professional, during training, acquires the ability to perform the surgery by mapping himself through the camera inside the patient and with the position of his limbs holding the surgical instruments, attributing to a kind of memory muscle. When a change is made in the image angle from inside the patient, this muscle memory of the professional can be impaired, interfering with their ability to practice the surgery. Figure 35 shows a schematic of the view that the professional has during the procedure of a surgery on the abdomen, that is, with the clamps appearing below the image. When changing this angle, the professional loses the references acquired in training.

[0009] Na busca pelo estado da técnica em literaturas científica e patentária, foram encontrados os seguintes documentos que tratam sobre o tema: [0009] In the search for the state of the art in scientific and patent literature, the following documents were found dealing with the subject:

[0010] O documento WO2017024370 apresenta um equipamento para prática e treinamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos composto por diferentes regiões interligadas que permitem a prática do procedimento cirúrgico em diferentes ângulos de inclinação. Este equipamento do WO2017024370 é formado em material laminar, onde a interligação entre as regiões consiste de junção implementado na natureza do próprio material do equipamento, por exemplo, como uma dobra de uma região mais flexível do dito material. Tal configuração, no entanto, diverge do proposto na presente invenção. [0010] The document WO2017024370 presents equipment for the practice and training of surgical procedures composed of different interconnected regions that allow the practice of the surgical procedure at different angles of inclination. This equipment of WO2017024370 is formed in laminar material, where the interconnection between the regions consists of joining implemented in the nature of the equipment material itself, for example, as a fold of a more flexible region of said material. Such configuration, however, differs from what is proposed in the present invention.

[0011] O documento CN203038553 apresenta um dispositivo para treino de laparoscopia, em que o dito dispositivo compreende cavidades para introdução de instrumentos endoscópicos, além de possuir um suporte para câmera endoscópica, onde esta câmera endoscópica pode ser dobrada e fixada arbitrariamente. Entretanto, o dispositivo do presente documento CN203038553 possui uma estrutura frágil, além de compreender limitação na angulação de treino dos instrumentos endoscópicos, não podendo treinar nas mais diversas angulações encontradas em situações reais. [0011] Document CN203038553 presents a device for training laparoscopy, in which said device comprises cavities for introducing endoscopic instruments, in addition to having a support for an endoscopic camera, where this endoscopic camera can be arbitrarily folded and fixed. However, the device of this document CN203038553 has a fragile structure, in addition to understanding the limitation in the training angle of endoscopic instruments, and cannot train in the most diverse angles found in real situations.

[0012] O documento CN206003425 apresenta um equipamento para treino de procedimentos laparoscópicos, em que o dito equipamento compreende cavidades em sua superfície e em suas estruturas laterais para introdução de instrumentos endoscópicos.. Entretanto, o presente documento CN206003425 apresenta uma estrutura lateral frágil, dado ser apenas um pequeno filete de material. Esta região lateral, por possuir um espaço para a introdução do laparoscópio e ser destinada para o treinamento, necessita ter maior resistência, uma vez que está sob os esforços dos movimentos do aparelho impostos pelo usuário. Além disso, o equipamento do presente documento CN206003425 apresenta limitação de angulação de treino, não podendo treinar nas mais diversas angulações encontradas em situações reais. Ainda, seu suporte para câmera limita o posicionamento da amostra de treino, onde a câmera fica perpendicular a um eixo único, limitando mais ainda os possíveis ângulos de treino. [0012] Document CN206003425 presents equipment for training laparoscopic procedures, in which said equipment comprises cavities on its surface and in its lateral structures for the introduction of endoscopic instruments.. However, this document CN206003425 has a fragile side structure, as it is only a small thread of material. This lateral region, as it has a space for the introduction of the laparoscope and is intended for training, needs to have greater resistance, since it is under the efforts of the device's movements imposed by the user. In addition, the equipment in this document CN206003425 has a limited training angle, and cannot train in the most diverse angles found in real situations. Furthermore, its camera support limits the placement of the training sample, where the camera is perpendicular to a single axis, further limiting the possible training angles.

[0013] O documento CN207473924 apresenta um dispositivo para treino laparoscópico, em que o dito dispositivo compreende dois instrumentos endoscópicos associados à estrutura do dispositivo, um espelho para visualizar a amostra de treino, um display de temperatura interna do dispositivo, uma gaveta para inserção das amostras de treino e óculos 3D para percepção de profundidade. Entretanto, o presente documento CN207473924 possui uma estrutura completamente fechada, prejudicando a iluminação e percepção da amostra de treino. A própria gaveta do dispositivo do documento CN207473924 é a única forma de se inserir a amostra de treino no interior do dispositivo, não possuindo modularidade e limitando a angulação de treino. Outro ponto é que os instrumentos endoscópicos são associados em uma única posição, de modo que não é possível treinar em diversos ângulos. [0013] Document CN207473924 presents a device for laparoscopic training, in which said device comprises two endoscopic instruments associated with the structure of the device, a mirror to view the training sample, an internal temperature display of the device, a drawer for insertion of the training samples and 3D glasses for depth perception. However, this document CN207473924 has a completely closed structure, impairing the lighting and perception of the training sample. The device drawer of document CN207473924 is the only way to insert the training sample inside the device, not having modularity and limiting the training angle. Another point is that the endoscopic instruments are linked together in a single position, so it is not possible to train at different angles.

[0014] O documento EP2068294 descreve um simulador para cirurgia de laparoscopia que apresenta um mastro principal onde é presa a câmera, que fica permanentemente dentro do equipamento, além de dispor de aberturas para a inserção das pinças na parte superior do equipamento. Tal solução, contudo, não propõe as aberturas que permitam a prática da cirurgia em diferentes angulações. [0014] The document EP2068294 describes a simulator for laparoscopy surgery that features a main mast where the camera is attached, which is permanently inside the equipment, in addition to having openings for the insertion of tweezers in the upper part of the equipment. This solution, however, does not propose openings that allow the practice of surgery at different angles.

[0015] Nesse sentido, o estado da técnica carece de uma tecnologia de fácil acesso e simplificada que permita ao usuário praticar diferentes tipos de cirurgia em um único simulador, de modo que a angulação da imagem apareça mais adequada ao tipo de cirurgia que o profissional está treinando. [0015] In this sense, the state of the art lacks an easily accessible and simplified technology that allows the user to practice different types of surgery in a single simulator, so that the angulation of the image appears more suitable for the type of surgery that the professional is training.

[0016] Assim, do que se depreende da literatura pesquisada, não foram encontrados documentos antecipando ou sugerindo os ensinamentos da presente invenção, de forma que a solução aqui proposta possui novidade e atividade inventiva frente ao estado da técnica. [0016] Thus, from what appears from the researched literature, no documents were found anticipating or suggesting the teachings of the present invention, so that the solution proposed here has novelty and inventive step compared to the state of the art.

Sumário da Invenção Invention Summary

[0017] Dessa forma, a presente invenção resolve os problemas do estado da técnica a partir do desenvolvimento de um aparato para treinamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos, em que o dito aparato apresenta facilidade em sua montagem e transporte. O aparato da presente invenção é dotado de regiões associadas entre si, capaz de ser montado por meio de movimentos e encaixe entre estas regiões. As referidas regiões ficam especificamente posicionadas para simular as angulações em que um médico ou cirurgião estão submetidos durante uma cirurgia. [0017] Thus, the present invention solves the problems of the state of the art from the development of an apparatus for training surgical procedures, in which said apparatus is easy to assemble and transport. The apparatus of the present invention is provided with regions associated with each other, capable of being assembled by means of movements and fitting between these regions. Said regions are specifically positioned to simulate the angulations a physician or surgeon is subjected to during surgery.

[0018] Mais especificamente, o aparato da invenção é provido com ao menos uma abertura para captação de imagem, onde é possível posicionar ou inserir um dispositivo de captação de imagem, em que esta abertura é posicionada de tal modo a possibilitar que a visão da imagem do interior do aparato esteja mais adequada a um conjunto de determinados tipos de cirurgia, ou seja, a abertura para captação de imagem é posicionada antes ou na mesma linha das aberturas para inserção das pinças de treinamento. [0018] More specifically, the apparatus of the invention is provided with at least one opening for image capture, where it is possible to position or insert an image capture device, in which this opening is positioned in such a way as to enable the vision of the image of the interior of the apparatus is more suitable for a set of certain types of surgery, that is, the opening for image capture is positioned before or in the same line as the openings for insertion of the training clamps.

[0019] Opcionalmente, o aparato é também provido de um suporte para dispositivo de captação de imagem e gaveta para posicionamento de material de treinamento, em que o dito aparato apresenta facilidade em sua montagem e transporte, bem como proporciona a prática com diferentes ângulos de operação. [0019] Optionally, the apparatus is also provided with a support for an image capture device and a drawer for positioning training material, in which said apparatus is easy to assemble and transport, as well as providing the practice with different angles of operation.

[0020] Ainda, o aparato é provido com mecanismos que possibilitam melhor adaptabilidade ao procedimento real, possibilitando que um profissional que realiza o treinamento adeqúe o aparato conforme o procedimento cirúrgico que se deseja treinar, bem como adeqúe o material de treinamento ao que melhor simule uma posição real. [0020] Furthermore, the apparatus is provided with mechanisms that enable better adaptability to the actual procedure, enabling a professional that performs the training adapts the apparatus according to the surgical procedure to be trained, as well as adapts the training material to what best simulates a real position.

[0021] Em um primeiro objeto, a presente invenção apresenta um aparato para treinamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos que compreende ao menos uma estrutura para posicionamento de ao menos um material de treinamento, em que a estrutura compreende ao menos duas regiões laterais (11 e 12) separadas por ao menos uma região central (13), sendo as ditas regiões laterais (11 e 12) e a região central (13) associadas a uma região frontal (10), em que: ao menos as regiões laterais (11 e 12) são providas com ao menos uma abertura (20) para inserção de elemento cirúrgico; e a estrutura compreende ao menos uma abertura de captação de imagem (100, 130) posicionada em ao menos uma região até um primeiro plano (A), que é delimitado pelas aberturas (20) das regiões laterais (11 e 12). [0021] In a first object, the present invention presents an apparatus for training surgical procedures that comprises at least one structure for positioning at least one training material, wherein the structure comprises at least two lateral regions (11 and 12) separated by at least one central region (13), said lateral regions (11 and 12) and the central region (13) being associated with a front region (10), wherein: at least the lateral regions (11 and 12) are provided with at least one opening (20) for insertion of surgical element; and the structure comprises at least one image capturing opening (100, 130) positioned in at least one region up to a first plane (A), which is delimited by the openings (20) of the lateral regions (11 and 12).

[0022] Em um segundo objeto, a presente invenção apresenta um sistema para treinamento de procedimentos de laparoscopia que compreende: um aparato para treinamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos, conforme definido anteriormente; trocartes; suporte movível (17) para dispositivo eletrónico com captação de imagem compreendendo corpo flexível (172) e haste (171) de controle de angulação; elemento de treino; e base móvel (40) para posicionamento do elemento de treino. [0022] In a second object, the present invention presents a system for training laparoscopy procedures that comprises: an apparatus for training surgical procedures, as defined above; trocars; movable support (17) for an electronic image capture device comprising a flexible body (172) and an angulation control rod (171); training element; and mobile base (40) for positioning the training element.

[0023] Em um terceiro objeto, a presente invenção apresenta um processo de fabricação de aparato para treinamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos que compreende as etapas de: obtenção de um material base de estrutura do aparato; obtenção de ao menos duas regiões laterais (11 e 12), ao menos uma região central (13) e ao menos uma região frontal (10); e montagem do aparato, em que as duas regiões laterais (11 e 12) são separadas por ao menos uma região central (13), sendo as ditas regiões laterais (11 e 12) e a região central (13) associadas a uma região frontal (10). [0024] Estes e outros objetos da invenção serão imediatamente valorizados pelos versados na arte e serão descritos detalhadamente a seguir. [0023] In a third object, the present invention presents a process of manufacturing apparatus for training surgical procedures that comprises the steps of: obtaining a base material for the structure of the apparatus; obtaining at least two lateral regions (11 and 12), at least one central region (13) and at least one frontal region (10); and assembly of the apparatus, wherein the two side regions (11 and 12) are separated by at least one central region (13), said lateral regions (11 and 12) and the central region (13) being associated with a front region (10). [0024] These and other objects of the invention will be immediately valued by those skilled in the art and will be described in detail below.

Breve Descrição das Figuras Brief Description of Figures

[0025] São apresentadas as seguintes figuras: [0025] The following figures are presented:

[0026] A figura 1 mostra uma vista em perspectiva de uma concretização do aparato da presente invenção. [0026] Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.

[0027] A figura 2 mostra uma vista em detalhe da região frontal (10) da concretização da figura 1. [0027] Figure 2 shows a detailed view of the front region (10) of the embodiment of figure 1.

[0028] A figura 3 mostra uma vista superior planificada da concretização da figura 1 , em uma posição em que o aparato está desmontado. [0028] Figure 3 shows a top plan view of the embodiment of figure 1, in a position where the apparatus is disassembled.

[0029] As figuras 4 e 5 mostram vista em perspectiva de uma outra concretização do aparato da presente invenção. [0029] Figures 4 and 5 show a perspective view of another embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.

[0030] A figura 6 mostra uma vista em detalhe da região frontal (10) do aparato da presente invenção, na concretização das figuras 4 e 5. [0030] Figure 6 shows a detailed view of the front region (10) of the apparatus of the present invention, in the embodiment of figures 4 and 5.

[0031] A figura 7 mostra uma vista em detalhe do suporte (17) para dispositivos de captação de imagem utilizado na concretização das figuras 4 e 5. [0031] Figure 7 shows a detailed view of the support (17) for image capture devices used in the embodiment of figures 4 and 5.

[0032] A figura 8 mostra uma vista interna do aparato da concretização das figuras 4 e 5, detalhando a associação entre o suporte (17) e o mecanismo de regulagem de posição do dispositivo de captação de imagem. [0032] Figure 8 shows an internal view of the apparatus of the embodiment of figures 4 and 5, detailing the association between the support (17) and the position adjustment mechanism of the image capture device.

[0033] A figura 9 mostra uma vista mais inferior do aparato montado, destacando a associação entre as regiões pelos elementos de encaixe (30), onde este arranjo de associações é utilizado tanto na concretização da figura 1 quanto na concretização das figuras 4 e 5. [0033] Figure 9 shows a lower view of the assembled apparatus, highlighting the association between the regions by the fitting elements (30), where this arrangement of associations is used both in the embodiment of figure 1 and in the embodiment of figures 4 and 5 .

[0034] A figura 10 mostra uma vista superior planificada da concretização das figuras 4 e 5, em uma posição desmontado. [0034] Figure 10 shows a top plan view of the embodiment of figures 4 and 5, in a disassembled position.

[0035] A figura 11 mostra uma vista superior planificada de uma concretização da base móvel (40) da presente invenção, em uma posição desmontada. [0035] Figure 11 shows a top plan view of an embodiment of the mobile base (40) of the present invention, in a disassembled position.

[0036] A figura 12 mostra uma vista em detalhe de uma concretização de uma dobradiça (50) para associação das regiões do aparato da presente invenção. [0036] Figure 12 shows a detailed view of an embodiment of a hinge (50) for associating the regions of the apparatus of the present invention.

[0037] A figura 13 mostra uma outra vista em detalhe de uma concretização de uma dobradiça (50) da figura 12 para associação das regiões do aparato da presente invenção. [0037] Figure 13 shows another detailed view of an embodiment of a hinge (50) of Figure 12 for associating the regions of the apparatus of the present invention.

[0038] A figura 14 mostra uma vista em detalhe de uma concretização de uma dobradiça (50) de 37,5°para associação das regiões do aparato da presente invenção. [0038] Figure 14 shows a detailed view of an embodiment of a hinge (50) of 37.5° for association of the regions of the apparatus of the present invention.

[0039] A figura 15 mostra uma vista em detalhe de uma concretização de uma dobradiça (50) de 90° para associação das regiões do aparato da presente invenção. [0039] Figure 15 shows a detailed view of an embodiment of a hinge (50) of 90° for associating the regions of the apparatus of the present invention.

[0040] A figura 16 mostra uma concretização do acoplador do suporte movível (17) para dispositivo eletrónico com captação de imagem ao aparato (1) da presente invenção. [0040] Figure 16 shows an embodiment of the movable support coupler (17) for electronic device with image capture apparatus (1) of the present invention.

[0041] A figura 17 mostra uma concretização da junção do suporte movível (17) para dispositivo eletrónico com captação de imagem ao corpo flexível (172) do dito suporte movível (17) para dispositivo eletrónico com captação de imagem da presente invenção. [0041] Figure 17 shows an embodiment of the attachment of the movable support (17) for electronic device with image capture to the flexible body (172) of said movable support (17) for electronic device with image capture of the present invention.

[0042] A figura 18 mostra uma concretização mostra uma concretização do suporte movível (17) para dispositivo eletrónico com captação de imagem da presente invenção. [0042] Figure 18 shows an embodiment shows an embodiment of the movable support (17) for electronic device with image capture of the present invention.

[0043] A figura 19 mostra uma concretização do corpo flexível (172) e haste (171) de controle angular do suporte movível (17) para dispositivo eletrónico da presente invenção. [0043] Figure 19 shows an embodiment of the flexible body (172) and angular control rod (171) of the movable support (17) for electronic device of the present invention.

[0044] A figura 20 mostra uma concretização do suporte movível (17) para dispositivo eletrónico com captação de imagem desassociado no aparato (1) da presente invenção, sendo evidenciado seu mecanismo de engate (1721) e protuberância de fixação (1722). [0044] Figure 20 shows an embodiment of the movable support (17) for an electronic device with image capture disassociated in the apparatus (1) of the present invention, with its coupling mechanism (1721) and fixing protrusion (1722) being highlighted.

[0045] A figura 21 mostra uma concretização do suporte movível (17) para dispositivo eletrónico com captação de imagem associado ao aparato (1) da presente invenção, sendo evidenciado o mecanismo de engate (1721) em estado engatado. [0045] Figure 21 shows an embodiment of the movable support (17) for an electronic device with image capture associated with the apparatus (1) of the present invention, the engagement mechanism (1721) being highlighted in the engaged state.

[0046] As figuras 22 a 25 mostram diferentes vistas de uma construção do aparato da presente invenção, em uma de suas concretizações. [0046] Figures 22 to 25 show different views of a construction of the apparatus of the present invention, in one of its embodiments.

[0047] As figuras 26 a 28 mostram diferentes vistas que ilustram o suporte para dispositivo de captação de imagem interagindo com o aparato, em que o suporte para dispositivo de captação de imagem é acoplado em um furo de associação (102) da região frontal (10) do aparato e o posicionamento do dispositivo de captação de imagem em uma das aberturas do aparato da presente invenção. [0047] Figures 26 to 28 show different views illustrating the support for image capture device interacting with the apparatus, in which the support for image capture device is coupled in an association hole (102) of the front region ( 10) of the apparatus and the positioning of the image capturing device in one of the openings of the apparatus of the present invention.

[0048] A figura 29 mostra o aparato da presente invenção em funcionamento, em que ilustra o suporte para dispositivo de captação de imagem posicionando o dito dispositivo em uma das aberturas, bem como a imagem gerada pela captação de imagem pelo dispositivo na posição orientada. [0048] Figure 29 shows the apparatus of the present invention in operation, illustrating the support for image capture device positioning said device in one of the openings, as well as the image generated by image capture by the device in the oriented position.

[0049] A figura 30 mostra uma concretização da base móvel (40) da presente invenção, em um estado desmontado. [0049] Figure 30 shows an embodiment of the mobile base (40) of the present invention, in a disassembled state.

[0050] A figura 31 mostra uma vista superior em perspectiva de uma concretização da base móvel (40) em um estado montado. [0050] Figure 31 shows a top perspective view of an embodiment of the mobile base (40) in an assembled state.

[0051] A figura 32 mostra a desmontagem de uma superfície de uma concretização da base móvel (40) da presente invenção. [0051] Figure 32 shows the disassembly of a surface of an embodiment of the mobile base (40) of the present invention.

[0052] A figura 33 mostra a superfície da figura 32 encaixada, formando a estrutura da base móvel (40) da presente invenção. [0052] Figure 33 shows the surface of Figure 32 embedded, forming the structure of the mobile base (40) of the present invention.

[0053] A figura 34 mostra uma esquematização da visão que o profissional possui do interior do paciente, onde o instrumento cirúrgico aparece na parte superior da sua imagem. [0053] Figure 34 shows a schematic of the view that the professional has inside the patient, where the surgical instrument appears at the top of your image.

[0054] A figura 35 mostra uma esquematização da visão que o profissional possui do interior do paciente, em um simulador do estado da técnica, onde o instrumento cirúrgico aparece na parte inferior da sua imagem. Descrição Detalhada da Invenção [0054] Figure 35 shows a schematic of the view that the professional has inside the patient, in a simulator of the state of the art, where the surgical instrument appears at the bottom of your image. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0055] As descrições que se seguem são apresentadas a título de exemplo e não limitativas ao escopo da invenção e farão compreender de forma mais clara o objeto do presente pedido de patente. [0055] The descriptions that follow are presented by way of example and do not limit the scope of the invention and will make the object of this patent application more clearly understood.

[0056] Com o intuito de prover um meio para que usuários possam realizar a prática de procedimentos cirúrgicos em um único local, além de prover que este meio seja de fácil acesso e transporte pelo usuário, a presente invenção apresenta um aparato para treinamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos [0057] Em uma concretização, o aparato da presente invenção é destinado para treinamento de cirurgias laparoscópicas, porém não restrito a esta modalidade. [0056] In order to provide a means for users to perform the practice of surgical procedures in a single location, in addition to providing that this means is easily accessible and transported by the user, the present invention presents an apparatus for training procedures surgical [0057] In one embodiment, the apparatus of the present invention is intended for training laparoscopic surgeries, but not restricted to this modality.

[0058] Em uma concretização, o aparato da presente invenção é confeccionado de modo a possibilitar que as partes/componentes do mesmo sejam dobráveis e montáveis de forma facilitada, para possibilitar o transporte do mesmo. Nesse sentido, ainda nesta concretização, o aparato é provido em pelo menos duas formas: montado ou desmontado. Quando desmontado, o aparato pode se apresentar em um modo planificado ou dobrado a ponto de ser encaixotado em uma maleta. Adicionalmente, em outra concretização, o aparato é configurado para, quando desmontado, se assemelhar a uma maleta. [0059] Em um primeiro objeto, a presente invenção apresenta um aparato para treinamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos que compreende ao menos uma estrutura para posicionamento de ao menos um material de treinamento, em que a estrutura compreende ao menos duas regiões laterais (11 e 12) separadas por ao menos uma região central (13), sendo as ditas regiões laterais (11 e 12) e a região central (13) associadas a uma região frontal (10), em que: ao menos as regiões laterais (11 e 12) são providas com ao menos uma abertura (20) para inserção de elemento cirúrgico; e a estrutura compreende ao menos uma abertura de captação de imagem (100, 130) posicionada em ao menos uma região até um primeiro plano (A), que é delimitado pelas aberturas (20) das regiões laterais (11 e 12). [0060] Para fins da presente invenção, a abertura de captação de imagem (100, 130) é posicionada em ao menos uma região até o primeiro plano (A) refere-se ao fato de que a abertura de captação de imagem (100 ou 130) é posicionada em qualquer parte do aparato que esteja antes das aberturas (20) para inserção dos instrumentos cirúrgicos, ou seja, em qualquer ponto partindo da parte mais inferior da região frontal (10) até a parte delimitada pelo plano A na região central (13). Esta configuração possibilita que o profissional tenha uma imagem interna em que as pinças aparecem pela parte de cima da imagem, de modo a oferecer um outro ângulo de visão para o profissional. Para fins de exemplificação, foi esquematizada na figura 34 uma vista em que as pinças aparecem por cima na imagem disponibilizada ao profissional. Esta imagem é possível de ser obtida devido à configuração do aparato da presente invenção. [0058] In one embodiment, the apparatus of the present invention is made in order to enable the parts/components thereof to be foldable and easily mountable, to enable the transport of the same. In this sense, even in this embodiment, the apparatus is provided in at least two ways: assembled or disassembled. When disassembled, the apparatus can be presented in a flattened fashion or folded to the point of being boxed in a briefcase. Additionally, in another embodiment, the apparatus is configured to, when disassembled, resemble a briefcase. [0059] In a first object, the present invention presents an apparatus for training surgical procedures that comprises at least one structure for positioning at least one training material, wherein the structure comprises at least two lateral regions (11 and 12) separated by at least one central region (13), said lateral regions (11 and 12) and the central region (13) being associated with a front region (10), wherein: at least the lateral regions (11 and 12) are provided with at least one opening (20) for insertion of surgical element; and the structure comprises at least one image capturing opening (100, 130) positioned in at least one region up to a first plane (A), which is delimited by the openings (20) of the lateral regions (11 and 12). [0060] For the purposes of the present invention, the image capture aperture (100, 130) is positioned in at least one region up to the foreground (A) refers to the fact that the image capture aperture (100 or 130) is positioned in any part of the apparatus that is before the openings (20) for insertion of surgical instruments, that is, at any point starting from the lower part of the frontal region (10) to the part delimited by plane A in the central region (13). This configuration allows the professional to have an internal image in which the tweezers appear on top of the image, in order to offer another angle of vision for the professional. For purposes of illustration, a view in which the tweezers appear from above in the image made available to the professional was sketched in figure 34. This image is possible to be obtained due to the configuration of the apparatus of the present invention.

[0061] Nesse sentido, o aparato da invenção é provido de modo que a região frontal (10) compreende uma abertura para captação de imagem (100) que é perpendicular às aberturas (20), onde por perpendicular entende-se que ao atravessar uma linha imaginária central a esta abertura (100), tal linha seja perpendicular uma linha imaginária que atravessa centralmente a abertura (20). Certamente que, no âmbito do escopo da invenção, deve ser considerado quaisquer pequenas alterações angulares que não seja perpendicularmente perfeitas. Ademais, em uma concretização, a abertura para captação e imagem (100) é posicionada em uma parte superior da região frontal (10). [0061] In this sense, the apparatus of the invention is provided so that the front region (10) comprises an opening for image capture (100) that is perpendicular to the openings (20), where by perpendicular it is understood that when crossing a imaginary line central to this opening (100), such a line is perpendicular to an imaginary line that crosses centrally the opening (20). Of course, within the scope of the invention, any small angular changes that are not perpendicularly perfect must be considered. Furthermore, in one embodiment, the image capture opening (100) is positioned in an upper part of the frontal region (10).

[0062] Ainda, o aparato conta com uma abertura para captação de imagem (130) compreendida na região central (13), onde esta abertura (130) é posicionada, conforme descrito anteriormente, até o primeiro plano (A). Ou seja, a abertura (130) é disposta de modo a estar antes das aberturas (20) ou alinhada com as mesmas. Em uma concretização, a região central (13) é também provida com uma abertura (20), para inserção de instrumento cirúrgico, a qual é disposta após a abertura (130). [0062] Still, the apparatus has an opening for image capture (130) comprised in the central region (13), where this opening (130) is positioned, as described above, up to the first plane (A). That is, the opening (130) is arranged to be in front of the openings (20) or in line with them. In one embodiment, the central region (13) is also provided with an opening (20) for insertion of a surgical instrument, which is arranged after the opening (130).

[0063] As regiões laterais (11 e 12) fazem parte do apoio estrutural do aparato e, ao mesmo tempo, possibilitam que o profissional as utilize para o treinamento, uma vez que as mesmas são providas com as aberturas (20). Com isso, quando o aparato está na sua forma montada, as referidas regiões laterais (11 e 12) ficam inclinadas em relação ao plano paralelo da base (15) ou em relação à própria região central (13). Esta inclinação possibilita simular a posição real com que o profissional realiza o procedimento. [0063] The lateral regions (11 and 12) are part of the structural support of the apparatus and, at the same time, enable the professional to use them for training, since they are provided with openings (20). Thus, when the apparatus is in its assembled form, said lateral regions (11 and 12) are inclined in relation to the parallel plane of the base (15) or in relation to the central region (13) itself. This inclination makes it possible to simulate the real position in which the professional performs the procedure.

[0064] Adicionalmente, as regiões laterais (11 e 12) compreendem regiões estruturais (111 e 121), as quais possibilitam o processo de montagem e, ao mesmo tempo, garantem a inclinação das regiões laterais (11 e 12). As regiões estruturais (111 e 121) são apoiadas perpendicularmente (ou próximo ao perpendicular) a qualquer base plana, podendo ser a base (15), para proporcionar a montagem do aparato. As regiões laterais (11 e 12), deste modo, formam um ângulo obtuso em relação às dias regiões estruturais (111 e 121). [0064] Additionally, the lateral regions (11 and 12) comprise structural regions (111 and 121), which enable the assembly process and, at the same time, ensure the inclination of the lateral regions (11 and 12). The structural regions (111 and 121) are supported perpendicularly (or close to perpendicular) to any flat base, which can be the base (15), to provide the assembly of the apparatus. The lateral regions (11 and 12) thus form an obtuse angle with respect to the two structural regions (111 and 121).

[0065] Assim, para a montagem do aparato, as regiões laterais (11 e 12) e a região central (13) são associadas à região frontal (10) por meio de elementos de encaixe (30). Com esta montagem, as regiões laterais (11 e 12) ficam inclinadas, para possibilitar o treinamento com esta angulação, e a região central (13) fica no topo do aparato, para possibilitar o treinamento de modo perpendicular. [0065] Thus, for the assembly of the apparatus, the lateral regions (11 and 12) and the central region (13) are associated with the front region (10) by means of fitting elements (30). With this setup, the lateral regions (11 and 12) are slanted, to allow training with this angle, and the central region (13) is at the top of the apparatus, to allow training in a perpendicular way.

[0066] Adicionalmente, as regiões estruturais (111 e 121) das regiões laterais (11 e 12) são, também, associadas à região frontal (10). Em uma concretização, as regiões estruturais (111 e 121) são apoiadas na região frontal (10). Em outra concretização, as regiões estruturais (111 e 121) são associadas à região central (10) por meio de elementos de encaixe (30). Em outra concretização, ao menos uma das regiões estruturais (111 e 121) é associada à região frontal (10) por meio do elemento de encaixe, enquanto que a outra é apoiada na dita região frontal (10). [0066] Additionally, the structural regions (111 and 121) of the lateral regions (11 and 12) are also associated with the frontal region (10). In one embodiment, the framework regions (111 and 121) are supported on the front region (10). In another embodiment, the structural regions (111 and 121) are associated with the central region (10) by means of interlocking elements (30). In another embodiment, at least one of the structural regions (111 and 121) is associated with the front region (10) by means of the locking element, while the other is supported on said front region (10).

[0067] Em uma concretização, os elementos de encaixe (30) são implementados naturalmente nas regiões do aparato, ou seja, os elementos de encaixe (30) são formados nas próprias regiões, podendo ser, por exemplo, abas, projeções, saliências, aberturas, rasgos, orifícios, etc., em arranjo do tipo macho-fêmea. Adicionalmente, algumas das regiões são conectadas uma a outra por meio de dobradiças, sendo componentes independentes das regiões. [0068] Em uma concretização, a montagem por meio da associação das regiões do aparato é realizada por meio de ao menos uma dobradiça (50) que associa uma região na outra. Em uma concretização, a dobradiça (50) fixa determinadas regiões do aparato de modo que as regiões se tornem uma estrutura como um todo, sem separação de regiões, de modo que quando desmontado, o aparato tenha o formato de uma maleta. Desta forma, em uma concretização, a montagem do aparato é realizada apenas “abrindo” as regiões e encaixando-as em elementos de encaixe (30). [0067] In one embodiment, the fitting elements (30) are implemented naturally in the regions of the apparatus, that is, the elements of fitting (30) are formed in the regions themselves, and may be, for example, flaps, projections, projections, openings, tears, holes, etc., in a male-female arrangement. Additionally, some of the regions are connected to each other by means of hinges, being components independent of the regions. [0068] In one embodiment, the assembly by associating the regions of the apparatus is performed by means of at least one hinge (50) that associates one region to the other. In one embodiment, the hinge (50) secures certain regions of the apparatus so that the regions become a structure as a whole, with no separation of regions, so that when disassembled, the apparatus has the shape of a briefcase. Thus, in one embodiment, the assembly of the apparatus is carried out only by “opening” the regions and fitting them into fitting elements (30).

[0069] Em uma concretização, o profissional em treinamento é capaz de associar um dispositivo de captação de imagem no suporte, e este acoplar na região frontal (10) do aparato. Em uma concretização, o suporte movível (17) para dispositivo de captação de imagem é acoplado em um furo de associação (102) na região frontal (10) do aparato. [0069] In one embodiment, the professional in training is able to associate an image capture device on the support, and this couple in the frontal region (10) of the apparatus. In one embodiment, the movable support (17) for image capture device is coupled to an association hole (102) in the front region (10) of the apparatus.

[0070] Em uma concretização, o suporte compreende ao menos corpo flexível (172) e haste (171) de controle de angulação para manipular ao menos um dispositivo de captação de imagem, em que o dito suporte é acoplável em uma região frontal (10) da estrutura. O suporte movível (17) compreende uma junção do corpo flexível (172) e haste (171) de controle de angulação, de tal modo que, um dispositivo eletrónico como, por exemplo, uma câmera, tem sua angulação controlada, possibilitando a visualização da parte interior do aparato através do dispositivo eletrónico em diversos ângulos. Em outra concretização, o corpo flexível (172) permite o apoio da haste (171) em diversas posições e a haste (171) permite aproximar e/ou distanciar a câmera no interior do aparato. Com o suporte movível (17) é possível executar as condições de treinamento com maior grau de similaridade ao ambiente real de cirurgia, onde um usuário consegue mover o ângulo de captação da câmera com maior mobilidade de acordo com sua necessidade. [0070] In one embodiment, the support comprises at least flexible body (172) and angulation control rod (171) to manipulate at least one image capture device, wherein said support is attachable to a front region (10 ) of the structure. The movable support (17) comprises a joint of the flexible body (172) and angulation control rod (171), in such a way that an electronic device such as a camera has its angulation controlled, enabling the visualization of the interior part of the apparatus through the electronic device at different angles. In another embodiment, the flexible body (172) allows the support of the rod (171) in different positions and the rod (171) allows to approximate and/or distance the camera inside the apparatus. With the movable support (17) it is possible to perform the training conditions with a greater degree of similarity to the real surgery environment, where a user can move the camera capture angle with greater mobility of according to your need.

[0071] Em uma concretização, o suporte movível (17) para dispositivo eletrónico compreende na extremidade de seu cabo flexível, um acoplador compreendendo protuberância de fixação (1722) que permite a conexão ou encaixe do suporte movível (17) no orifício (102) do aparato. Ademais, o acoplador do suporte movível (17) também compreende um mecanismo de engate (1721), que possibilita alinhar com uma aresta de alguma das regiões do aparato, para permitir que a protuberância de fixação (1722) esteja alinhada com as aberturas de captação de imagem (100, 130). Alternativamente, este mecanismo de engate (1721) possui uma extensão adicional para ser travada à aresta da região frontal (10) do aparato, possibilitando melhor travamento do mesmo. [0071] In one embodiment, the movable bracket (17) for electronic device comprises at the end of its flexible cable, a coupler comprising fixing protrusion (1722) that allows the connection or fitting of the movable bracket (17) in the hole (102) of the apparatus. Furthermore, the movable support coupler (17) also comprises an engagement mechanism (1721), which makes it possible to align with an edge of some of the regions of the apparatus, to allow the fastening protrusion (1722) to be aligned with the capture openings. of image (100, 130). Alternatively, this coupling mechanism (1721) has an additional extension to be locked to the edge of the frontal region (10) of the apparatus, enabling better locking of the apparatus.

[0072] Em uma concretização, o suporte compreende um locline para fixação não-permanente da haste flexível, que possibilita posicionamento do dispositivo de captação de imagem em qualquer uma das aberturas (20) do aparato. Em outra concretização, o suporte compreende uma pluralidade de loclines encaixáveis entre si para fixação não-permanente da haste flexível, possibilitando o posicionamento do dispositivo de captação de imagem em qualquer uma das aberturas (20) do aparato, bem como possibilita configuração de tamanho do suporte, por meio dos ditos loclines encaixáveis entre si, conforme o tamanho da haste flexível e/ou conforme a necessidade em cada treinamento de procedimento cirúrgico. Em uma concretização, a haste é fixada ao locline por meio de união não-permanente, como por exemplo, parafusos. Desta forma, em uma concretização, o locline é acoplado em um furo de associação (102) da região frontal (10) do aparato para que a haste do suporte seja posicionada em uma das aberturas (20). [0072] In one embodiment, the support comprises a locline for non-permanent fixation of the flexible rod, which enables positioning of the image capture device in any of the openings (20) of the apparatus. In another embodiment, the support comprises a plurality of interlocking loclines for non-permanent fixation of the flexible rod, enabling the positioning of the image capture device in any of the openings (20) of the apparatus, as well as enabling configuration of the size of the apparatus. support, through said loclines that can be fitted together, according to the size of the flexible rod and/or as needed in each surgical procedure training. In one embodiment, the rod is secured to the locline by means of non-permanent joints such as screws. Thus, in one embodiment, the locline is coupled in an association hole (102) of the front (10) of the apparatus so that the support rod is positioned in one of the openings (20).

[0073] Em outra concretização do suporte movível (17), este é disposto em formato de aba de apoio, para que seja possível apoiar um dispositivo eletrónico de captação de imagem. Nessa concretização, a região frontal (10) é provida com um mecanismo de regulagem de posição de dispositivos de captação de imagem, o qual possibilita que o profissional ajuste o posicionamento do dispositivo de captação de imagem no momento do treinamento, de acordo com sua necessidade. O referido mecanismo de regulagem é formado por aberturas de regulagem (102) na própria região frontal (10), onde as referidas aberturas (102) são espaçadas em níveis pré- definidos, ou seja, a uma distância pré-definida. As aberturas de regulagem (102) são adaptadas para receber as projeções de encaixe (173) do suporte (17), podendo as aberturas (102), nesse sentido, possuir qualquer geometria que seja compatível com as projeções de encaixe (173). [0073] In another embodiment of the movable support (17), this is arranged in a support flap format, so that it is possible to support an electronic image capture device. In this embodiment, the front region (10) is provided with a mechanism for regulating the position of devices for image capture, which allows the professional to adjust the positioning of the image capture device during training, according to their needs. Said adjustment mechanism is formed by adjustment openings (102) in the frontal region (10), where said openings (102) are spaced at pre-defined levels, that is, at a pre-defined distance. The adjustment openings (102) are adapted to receive the fitting projections (173) of the support (17), the openings (102) being able, in this sense, to have any geometry that is compatible with the fitting projections (173).

[0074] Ademais, em uma concretização, o aparato é provido com uma base móvel (40) que é associável à parte posterior do dito aparato para treinamento, onde esta dita base móvel (40) pode ser qualquer elemento capaz de receber e, eventualmente, servir de apoio para o material de treino, sendo esta estrutura capaz de ser deslocada de dentro para fora ou de fora para dentro do aparato. Para fins de exemplificação, ao apoiar o material de treino na base móvel (40), é possível movimentar a base móvel (40) para frente ou para trás, de modo a variar a posição do material de treino e, assim, criar diversas situações cirúrgicas. Ainda, a referida base móvel (40) é dotada de ao menos uma base e ao menos uma região que se estende a um plano não- paralelo ao da base, podendo ser perpendicular ou não, para cima ou para baixo. Tal geometria possibilita que o material de treino seja posicionado em diferentes angulações. Em uma concretização, a base móvel (40) é modular. [0075] Em uma concretização, a base móvel (40) compreende ao menos uma base (41) e regiões laterais (42), onde as regiões laterais (42) são associáveis à base (41), de modo que é aumentada, consideravelmente, a liberdade de posicionamento do material de treino. Em uma concretização, o material de treino é posicionado entre a região lateral (42) e a base (41). [0074] In addition, in one embodiment, the apparatus is provided with a mobile base (40) that is associable to the back of said training apparatus, where said mobile base (40) can be any element capable of receiving and eventually , serve as support for the training material, this structure being capable of being moved from the inside to the outside or from the outside to the inside of the apparatus. For purposes of illustration, by supporting the training material on the mobile base (40), it is possible to move the mobile base (40) forwards or backwards, in order to vary the position of the training material and thus create different situations surgical procedures. Furthermore, said mobile base (40) is provided with at least one base and at least one region that extends in a plane not parallel to that of the base, which may or may not be perpendicular, upwards or downwards. Such geometry allows the training material to be positioned at different angles. In one embodiment, the mobile base (40) is modular. [0075] In one embodiment, the mobile base (40) comprises at least one base (41) and side regions (42) where the side regions (42) are associable to the base (41) so that it is increased considerably , the freedom of positioning the training material. In one embodiment, the training material is positioned between the lateral region (42) and the base (41).

[0076] Em uma concretização, para posicionar o material de treino nas laterais (42) da base móvel (40), utiliza-se um meio de fixação não permanente como auxiliador. Em outra concretização, o material de treino e/ou a base móvel (40) é fabricada em material que compreende propriedades mecânicas que permitem que o posicionamento do material de treino na lateral seja feito por atrito. [0076] In one embodiment, to position the training material on the sides (42) of the mobile base (40), a non-permanent fastening means is used as an aid. In another embodiment, the training material and/or the base mobile (40) is made of a material that comprises mechanical properties that allow the positioning of the training material to the side to be carried out by friction.

[0077] Em outra concretização, a base móvel (40) compreende ao menos uma guia deslizante, onde esta dita guia serve de auxílio no deslocamento da dita base móvel (40). [0077] In another embodiment, the mobile base (40) comprises at least one sliding guide, where said guide serves as an aid in the displacement of said mobile base (40).

[0078] Em uma concretização, a base móvel (40) compreende formato de gaveta. Em outra concretização, a base móvel (40) é feita de material EVA. Em uma concretização, a base móvel (40) compreende modularidade permitindo, assim, sua montagem e desmontagem. [0078] In one embodiment, the mobile base (40) comprises a drawer format. In another embodiment, the movable base (40) is made of EVA material. In one embodiment, the mobile base (40) comprises modularity, thus allowing its assembly and disassembly.

[0079] Em uma concretização, a parte frontal (43) da base móvel (40) possui uma fita (431) que permite puxar a base móvel (40), desassociando-a do aparelho (1) para treino. [0079] In one embodiment, the front (43) of the mobile base (40) has a tape (431) that allows pulling the mobile base (40), disassociating it from the apparatus (1) for training.

[0080] Em um segundo objeto, a presente invenção a presente invenção apresenta um sistema para treinamento de procedimentos de laparoscopia que compreende: um aparato para treinamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos, conforme definido anteriormente; trocartes; suporte movível (17) para dispositivo eletrónico com captação de imagem compreendendo corpo flexível (172) e haste (171) de controle de angulação; elemento de treino; e base móvel (40) para posicionamento do elemento de treino. [0080] In a second object, the present invention the present invention presents a system for training laparoscopy procedures that comprises: an apparatus for training surgical procedures, as defined above; trocars; movable support (17) for an electronic image capture device comprising a flexible body (172) and an angulation control rod (171); training element; and mobile base (40) for positioning the training element.

[0081] Neste sistema, o trocarte é associável a ao menos uma das aberturas (20) para que se possa inserir os instrumentos cirúrgicos. [0081] In this system, the trocar is associable with at least one of the openings (20) so that the surgical instruments can be inserted.

[0082] O suporte movível (17) para dispositivo eletrónico com captação de imagem é associável a um furo de associação (102) da região frontal (10), de modo a possibilitar que o dispositivo de captação de imagem seja posicionado em uma das aberturas (100, 130). Deste modo, o dispositivo de captação de imagem pode estar posicionado tanto na parte interna do aparato quanto na parte externa do mesmo, de modo a captar as imagens de seu interior. [0082] The movable support (17) for an electronic device with image capture is associable with an association hole (102) of the front region (10), in order to enable the image capture device to be positioned in one of the openings (100, 130). In this way, the image capture device can be positioned both inside the apparatus and outside it, in order to capture the images from its interior.

[0083] Em um terceiro objeto, a presente invenção apresenta um processo de fabricação de aparato para treinamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos que compreende as etapas de: obtenção de um material base de estrutura do aparato; obtenção de ao menos duas regiões laterais (11 e 12), ao menos uma região central (13) e ao menos uma região frontal (10); e montagem do aparato, em que as duas regiões laterais (11 e 12) são separadas por ao menos uma região central (13), sendo as ditas regiões laterais (11 e 12) e a região central (13) associadas a uma região frontal (10). [0084] Em uma concretização, a etapa de obtenção de um material base pode ser definida como a seleção de um material para iniciar a confecção do aparato. Em uma concretização, o aparato é confeccionado de ACM. [0083] In a third object, the present invention presents a apparatus manufacturing process for training surgical procedures, which comprises the steps of: obtaining a base material for the apparatus structure; obtaining at least two lateral regions (11 and 12), at least one central region (13) and at least one frontal region (10); and assembly of the apparatus, wherein the two side regions (11 and 12) are separated by at least one central region (13), said lateral regions (11 and 12) and the central region (13) being associated with a front region (10). [0084] In an embodiment, the step of obtaining a base material can be defined as the selection of a material to start making the apparatus. In one embodiment, the apparatus is made from ACM.

[0085] Em uma concretização, a etapa de obtenção das regiões do aparato é realizada pelo recorte do material base nos desenhos pelas regiões. Em outra concretização, a etapa de obtenção das regiões pode ser obtida por meio de impressão 3D. Em uma concretização, o aparato é provido em forma planificada, conforme mostrado na figura 3, para posterior montagem. [0085] In one embodiment, the step of obtaining the regions of the apparatus is performed by cutting the base material in the drawings by regions. In another embodiment, the step of obtaining the regions can be obtained through 3D printing. In one embodiment, the apparatus is provided in flat form, as shown in figure 3, for later assembly.

Exemplo 1 - Treinamento Laparoscopia na Ginecologia e Urologia [0086] Os exemplos aqui mostrados têm o intuito somente de exemplificar uma das inúmeras maneiras de se realizar a invenção, contudo sem limitar, o escopo da mesma. Example 1 - Laparoscopy Training in Gynecology and Urology [0086] The examples shown here are only intended to exemplify one of the numerous ways of carrying out the invention, however without limiting its scope.

[0087] Na realização de cirurgias de laparoscopia no ramo da ginecologia e urologia, há uma diferença quanto ao posicionamento da câmera e das pinças, quando comparado aos demais tipos de laparoscopia (na gastroenterologia, cirurgia oncológica, cirurgia de esófago, vesícula, hérnia, por exemplo). Nestes demais segmentos, a câmera fica normalmente à frente das pinças, enquanto que na ginecologia e urologia a câmera fica atrás das pinças, conforme comparado pelas esquematizações das figuras 34 (ginecologia) e 35 (gastroenterologia). Tal fato ocorre, também, para outros tipos de cirurgia na região da pélvis. Por esta razão, fez-se necessário desenvolver uma nova configuração do aparato que visa atender à demanda da ginecologia e urologia. Para isso, o exemplo aqui descrito remete-se a um aparato que é configurado para a câmera estar posicionada atrás das pinças, sendo aplicado para treinamento de ginecologistas e urologistas. [0087] In performing laparoscopy surgeries in the field of gynecology and urology, there is a difference in the positioning of the camera and clamps, when compared to other types of laparoscopy (in gastroenterology, cancer surgery, esophagus, gallbladder, hernia, surgery, for example). In these other segments, the camera is normally in front of the tweezers, while in gynecology and urology the camera is behind the tweezers, as compared by the schematics in figures 34 (gynecology) and 35 (gastroenterology). This fact also occurs for other types of surgery in the pelvis region. For this reason, it was necessary to develop a new configuration of the apparatus that aims to meet the demands of gynecology and urology. For this, the example described here refers to an apparatus that is configured so that the camera is positioned behind the tweezers, being applied for training gynecologists and urologists.

[0088] O aparato da presente invenção foi confeccionado de duas maneiras alternativas no que se refere à região frontal (10) e ao suporte movível (17). [0088] The apparatus of the present invention was made in two alternative ways with regard to the frontal region (10) and the movable support (17).

[0089] Na primeira alternativa, o aparato é conforme mostrado no conjunto de figuras 1 a 3, onde na figura 1 é mostrado o aparato em uma posição montada, de modo que o profissional seja capaz de realizar seu treinamento. [0089] In the first alternative, the apparatus is as shown in the set of figures 1 to 3, where in figure 1 the apparatus is shown in a mounted position, so that the professional is able to carry out his training.

[0090] A figura 2 mostra em detalhe a região frontal (10) do aparato, onde pode ser visto que a abertura de captação de imagem (100) é disposta na parte superior da região frontal (10) e apresenta um formato circular. [0090] Figure 2 shows in detail the frontal region (10) of the apparatus, where it can be seen that the image capture opening (100) is arranged at the top of the frontal region (10) and has a circular shape.

[0091] Na figura 3, é mostrado em detalhe uma vista planificada do aparato desmontado, de modo a destacar: a região lateral (11) e a região estrutural (111) são associadas por meio de dobradiças, bem como a região estrutural (111) se encaixa na base (15) por meio de dobradiças. Do outro lado, as associações entre a região lateral (12), a região estrutural (121), a região central (13) e a base (15) são dadas por meio de dobradiças. As conexões por meio de dobradiças possibilitam a dobragem e desdobragem do aparato. No mais, a região frontal (10) é, também, associada à base por meio de dobradiça. As conexões entre as regiões laterais (11 e 12) e a região central (13) com a região frontal (10) são realizadas por meio de elementos de encaixe (30), que são projeções se estendendo da região frontal (10) e conectando em rasgas nas demais regiões, conforme mostrado na figura 9. [0091] In figure 3, a plan view of the disassembled apparatus is shown in detail, in order to highlight: the lateral region (11) and the structural region (111) are associated by means of hinges, as well as the structural region (111 ) snaps onto the base (15) via hinges. On the other hand, the associations between the lateral region (12), the structural region (121), the central region (13) and the base (15) are given by means of hinges. Hinged connections make it possible to fold and unfold the apparatus. Furthermore, the front region (10) is also associated with the base by means of a hinge. The connections between the lateral regions (11 and 12) and the central region (13) with the front region (10) are carried out by means of fitting elements (30), which are projections extending from the front region (10) and connecting in tears in the other regions, as shown in figure 9.

[0092] As figuras 4 a 10 mostram uma segunda alternativa para o aparato da presente invenção. [0092] Figures 4 to 10 show a second alternative for the apparatus of the present invention.

[0093] Nesta alternativa proposta, destaca-se a região frontal (10) sendo provida com um mecanismo de regulagem de posição de dispositivos de captação de imagem, o qual possibilita que o profissional ajuste o posicionamento do dispositivo de captação de imagem no momento do treinamento, de acordo com sua necessidade. O referido mecanismo de regulagem é formado por aberturas de regulagem (102) na própria região frontal (10), onde as referidas aberturas (102) são espaçadas em níveis pré- definidos, ou seja, a uma distância pré-definida. As aberturas de regulagem (102) são adaptadas para receber as projeções de encaixe (173) do suporte (17), podendo as aberturas (102), nesse sentido, possuir qualquer geometria que seja compatível com as projeções de encaixe (173). Já a abertura de captação de imagem (100) é provida na parte superior da região frontal (10) apresentando um formato retangular com uma pequena curvatura em uma das arestas. Ademais, o suporte movível (17) é disposto em formato de aba de apoio, para que seja possível apoiar um dispositivo eletrónico de captação de imagem, como por exemplo, um smartphone ou tablet. [0093] In this proposed alternative, the frontal region (10) stands out, being provided with a mechanism for adjusting the position of image capture devices, which allows the professional to adjust the positioning the image capture device during training, according to your needs. Said adjustment mechanism is formed by adjustment openings (102) in the frontal region (10), where said openings (102) are spaced at pre-defined levels, that is, at a pre-defined distance. The adjustment openings (102) are adapted to receive the fitting projections (173) of the support (17), the openings (102) being able, in this sense, to have any geometry that is compatible with the fitting projections (173). The image capture opening (100) is provided in the upper part of the frontal region (10), presenting a rectangular shape with a small curvature on one of the edges. Furthermore, the movable support (17) is arranged in a support flap format, so that it is possible to support an electronic image capture device, such as a smartphone or tablet.

[0094] As figuras 12 e 13 mostram conectores que auxiliam a montagem do aparato. A figura 14 mostra uma dobradiça de 37,5°. A figura 15 mostra uma dobradiça de 90°. Tais conectores e dobradiças podem ser utilizados na montagem de ambas as alternativas apresentadas anteriormente. [0094] Figures 12 and 13 show connectors that help to assemble the apparatus. Figure 14 shows a 37.5° hinge. Figure 15 shows a 90° hinge. Such connectors and hinges can be used in the assembly of both alternatives presented above.

[0095] Para o suporte movível (17) implementado junto à configuração das figuras 1 a 3, este é formado de um corpo flexível (172) e uma haste (171). Ademais, o suporte movível (17) compreende na extremidade de seu cabo flexível, um acoplador compreendendo protuberância de fixação (1722) que permite a conexão ou encaixe do suporte movível (17) no orifício (102) disposto na região frontal (10) do aparato nas proximidade das bordas superiores da dita região. Ademais, o acoplador do suporte movível (17) também compreende um mecanismo de engate (1721), que possibilita alinhar com uma aresta de alguma das regiões do aparato, para permitir que a protuberância de fixação (1722) esteja alinhada com as aberturas de captação de imagem (100, 130). Nesta exemplificação, o suporte movível (17) foi confeccionado de estruturas do tipo locline, conforme ilustrado nas figuras 16 a 18. O suporte confeccionado por ser visto nas figuras de 19 a 21. [0096] As figuras 22 a 28 mostram vistas do aparato da primeira alternativa montado, com as regiões encaixadas conforme descrito anteriormente e devidamente ajustado para ser associado com o suporte movível (17). [0095] For the movable support (17) implemented with the configuration of figures 1 to 3, this is formed by a flexible body (172) and a rod (171). In addition, the movable support (17) comprises at the end of its flexible cable, a coupler comprising fixing protrusion (1722) that allows the connection or fitting of the movable support (17) in the hole (102) arranged in the front region (10) of the apparatus near the upper edges of said region. Furthermore, the movable support coupler (17) also comprises an engagement mechanism (1721), which makes it possible to align with an edge of some of the regions of the apparatus, to allow the fastening protrusion (1722) to be aligned with the capture openings. of image (100, 130). In this example, the movable support (17) was made of locline-type structures, as shown in figures 16 to 18. The support made can be seen in figures 19 to 21. [0096] Figures 22 to 28 show views of the apparatus of the first alternative assembled, with the regions fitted as described above and properly adjusted to be associated with the movable support (17).

[0097] A figura 22 mostra uma vista frontal do aparato da presente invenção, em que ilustra as aberturas (20) e os furos de associação na região frontal (10) para fixação do suporte para câmera. [0097] Figure 22 shows a front view of the apparatus of the present invention, illustrating the openings (20) and the association holes in the front (10) for fixing the camera support.

[0098] A figura 23 mostra uma vista lateral, ilustrando as dobradiças que fazem a associação das regiões do aparato. [0098] Figure 23 shows a side view, illustrating the hinges that make the association of the regions of the apparatus.

[0099] A figura 24 mostra uma vista traseira do aparato e a figura 25 mostra a gaveta sendo inserida na parte interna do aparato. As figuras 26 a 28 mostram o suporte movível (17) associado ao aparado, podendo posicionar a câmera tanto na abertura (100) da região frontal (10) quanto na abertura (130) da região central (13). [0099] Figure 24 shows a rear view of the apparatus and figure 25 shows the drawer being inserted into the interior of the apparatus. Figures 26 to 28 show the movable support (17) associated with the trim, being able to position the camera both in the opening (100) of the frontal region (10) and in the opening (130) of the central region (13).

[0100] A figura 29 mostra a presente invenção em funcionamento, onde o dispositivo de captação de imagem foi posicionado em uma posição desejada por meio do suporte e uma imagem é gerada e visualizada em um dispositivo eletrónico para realização do treinamento de procedimento cirúrgico. [0100] Figure 29 shows the present invention in operation, where the image capture device was positioned in a desired position by means of the support and an image is generated and viewed in an electronic device to carry out the surgical procedure training.

[0101] A figura 11 mostra a base móvel (40), em vista planificada, que posiciona um material de treinamento. A base móvel (40) é disposta em formato de gaveta, quando montada, e posicionada na parte interna do aparato. Neste exemplo, a gaveta é construída em material EVA. Na montagem da gaveta, a base (41) se encaixa nas demais estruturas (42, 43 e 44), de modo que um material de treinamento disposto dentro da gaveta seja posicionado e fique aderido às paredes da gaveta. As figuras 30 a 33 ilustram uma concretização da gaveta. [0101] Figure 11 shows the mobile base (40), in plan view, which positions a training material. The mobile base (40) is arranged in a drawer format, when assembled, and positioned inside the apparatus. In this example, the drawer is constructed of EVA material. When assembling the drawer, the base (41) fits into the other structures (42, 43 and 44), so that a training material disposed inside the drawer is positioned and adhered to the walls of the drawer. Figures 30 to 33 illustrate an embodiment of the drawer.

[0102] Os versados na arte valorizarão os conhecimentos aqui apresentados e poderão reproduzir a invenção nas modalidades apresentadas e em outras variantes e alternativas, abrangidas pelo escopo das reivindicações a seguir. [0102] Those skilled in the art will value the knowledge presented herein and may reproduce the invention in the presented modalities and in other variants and alternatives, covered by the scope of the following claims.

Claims

Reivindicações Claims 1. Aparato para treinamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos caracterizado por compreender ao menos uma estrutura para posicionamento de ao menos um material de treinamento, em que a estrutura compreende ao menos duas regiões laterais (11 e 12) separadas por ao menos uma região central (13), sendo as ditas regiões laterais (11 e 12) e a região central (13) associadas a uma região frontal (10), em que: ao menos as regiões laterais (11 e 12) são providas com ao menos uma abertura (20) para inserção de elemento cirúrgico; e a estrutura compreende ao menos uma abertura de captação de imagem (100, 130) posicionada em ao menos uma região até um primeiro plano (A), que é delimitado pelas aberturas (20) das regiões laterais (11 e 12). 1. Apparatus for training surgical procedures characterized in that it comprises at least one structure for positioning at least one training material, wherein the structure comprises at least two lateral regions (11 and 12) separated by at least one central region (13) , said lateral regions (11 and 12) and the central region (13) being associated with a front region (10), wherein: at least the lateral regions (11 and 12) are provided with at least one opening (20) for insertion of a surgical element; and the structure comprises at least one image capturing opening (100, 130) positioned in at least one region up to a first plane (A), which is delimited by the openings (20) of the lateral regions (11 and 12). 2. Aparato para treinamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos, de acordo a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado por: a. a região frontal (10) compreender uma abertura para captação de imagem (100), que é perpendicular às aberturas (20); e b. a região central (13) compreender uma abertura para captação de imagem (130) posicionada até o primeiro plano (A). 2. Apparatus for training surgical procedures, according to claim 1, characterized by: a. the front region (10) comprises an image capture aperture (100) which is perpendicular to the apertures (20); and b. the central region (13) comprises an image capture opening (130) positioned up to the first plane (A). 3. Aparato para treinamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos, de acordo a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado por as regiões laterais (11 e 12) compreenderem inclinação pré-definida, quando o aparato está montado, e compreenderem regiões estruturais (111 e 121 ). 3. Apparatus for training surgical procedures, according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral regions (11 and 12) comprise a pre-defined inclination, when the apparatus is mounted, and comprise structural regions (111 and 121). 4. Aparato para treinamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos, de acordo com a reivindicação 3, caracterizado por compreender adicionalmente uma base (15) para receber a montagem das regiões estruturais (111 e 121) das regiões laterais (11 e 12). 4. Apparatus for training surgical procedures, according to claim 3, characterized in that it additionally comprises a base (15) to receive the assembly of the structural regions (111 and 121) of the lateral regions (11 and 12). 5. Aparato para treinamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado por as regiões laterais (11 e 12) e a região central (13) serem associadas à região frontal (10) por meio de elementos de encaixe (30). 5. Apparatus for training surgical procedures, according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral regions (11 and 12) and the central region (13) are associated with the frontal region (10) by means of elements of fitting (30). 6. Aparato para treinamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado por compreender adicionalmente um suporte movível (17) para dispositivo de captação de imagem, que compreende ao menos corpo flexível (172) e haste (171) de controle de angulação para manipular ao menos um dispositivo de captação de imagem, em que o dito suporte é acoplável em uma região frontal (10) da estrutura. 6. Apparatus for training surgical procedures, according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally comprises a movable support (17) for an image capture device, which comprises at least a flexible body (172) and a rod (171) for control of angulation for manipulating at least one image capture device, wherein said support is attachable to a front region (10) of the frame. 7. Aparato para treinamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos, de acordo com a reivindicação 6, caracterizado por a região frontal (10) da estrutura compreender ao menos um furo de associação (102) para acoplar ao menos um suporte para dispositivo de captação de imagem. 7. Apparatus for training surgical procedures, according to claim 6, characterized in that the front region (10) of the structure comprises at least one association hole (102) to couple at least one support for image capture device. 8. Aparato para treinamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado por compreender adicionalmente uma base móvel (40), para posicionamento de ao menos um material de treinamento, que compreende ao menos uma base (41) associada em ao menos duas superfícies laterais (42) e com uma superfície frontal (43). 8. Apparatus for training surgical procedures, according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a mobile base (40) for positioning at least one training material, comprising at least one base (41) associated with at least two side surfaces (42) and with a front surface (43). 9. Sistema para treinamento de procedimentos de laparoscopia caracterizado por compreender: a. um aparato para treinamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos, conforme definido na reivindicação 1 ; b. trocartes; c. suporte movível (17) para dispositivo eletrónico com captação de imagem compreendendo corpo flexível (172) e haste (171) de controle de angulação; d. elemento de treino; e e. base móvel (40) para posicionamento do elemento de treino; em que, o trocarte é associável a ao menos uma das aberturas (20); o suporte movível (17) para dispositivo eletrónico com captação de imagem é associável a um furo de associação (102) da região frontal (10); e o dispositivo eletrónico com captação de imagem é posicionado em associação com a abertura para captação de imagem (100) da região frontal (10) ou com a abertura para captação de imagem (130) da região central (13) do aparato. 9. System for training laparoscopy procedures characterized by comprising: a. an apparatus for training surgical procedures, as defined in claim 1; B. trocars; ç. movable support (17) for an electronic image capture device comprising flexible body (172) and angulation control rod (171); d. training element; and is. mobile base (40) for positioning the training element; in which, the trocar is associable with at least one of the openings (20); the movable support (17) for an electronic device with image capture is associable with an association hole (102) of the frontal region (10); and the electronic image capturing device is positioned in association with the image capturing aperture (100) of the frontal region (10) or with the image capturing aperture (130) of the central region (13) of the apparatus. 10. Processo de fabricação de aparato para treinamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos caracterizado por compreender as etapas de: a. obtenção de um material base de estrutura do aparato; b. obtenção de ao menos duas regiões laterais (11 e 12), ao menos uma região central (13) e ao menos uma região frontal (10); e c. montagem do aparato, em que as duas regiões laterais (11 e 12) são separadas por ao menos uma região central (13), sendo as ditas regiões laterais (11 e 12) e a região central (13) associadas a uma região frontal (10); em que, o aparato é conforme definido na reivindicação 1. 10. Process of manufacturing apparatus for training surgical procedures characterized by comprising the steps of: a. obtaining a base material for the structure of the apparatus; B. obtaining at least two lateral regions (11 and 12), at least one central region (13) and at least one frontal region (10); and c. assembly of the apparatus, in which the two lateral regions (11 and 12) are separated by at least one central region (13), said lateral regions (11 and 12) and the central region (13) being associated with a frontal region ( 10); wherein, the apparatus is as defined in claim 1.
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