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WO2021223570A1 - Stockage d'énergie, séquestration de carbone et nouveau cycle d'énergie - Google Patents

Stockage d'énergie, séquestration de carbone et nouveau cycle d'énergie Download PDF

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WO2021223570A1
WO2021223570A1 PCT/CN2021/086343 CN2021086343W WO2021223570A1 WO 2021223570 A1 WO2021223570 A1 WO 2021223570A1 CN 2021086343 W CN2021086343 W CN 2021086343W WO 2021223570 A1 WO2021223570 A1 WO 2021223570A1
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carbon dioxide
alcohol
storage
electrolysis
energy
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顾士平
顾海涛
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
    • C25B3/01—Products
    • C25B3/03—Acyclic or carbocyclic hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
    • C25B3/01—Products
    • C25B3/07—Oxygen containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
    • C25B3/20—Processes
    • C25B3/21—Photoelectrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
    • C25B3/20—Processes
    • C25B3/25—Reduction
    • C25B3/26—Reduction of carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/50—Cells or assemblies of cells comprising photoelectrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
    • C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
    • H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to energy storage, carbon sequestration and new energy cycle, in particular to the new energy cycle of electrolysis of carbon dioxide and water to generate methanol energy storage and carbon fixation.
  • Hydrogen storage is difficult: the storage density is 39g/L when compressed to 70MPa at normal temperature, the storage density is low, and a lot of costs are required for compression processing, and the pressure is high and unsafe; the temperature of hydrogen liquefaction is -253 degrees Celsius, and the density is 70g/L. A large amount of expense is required for hydrogen liquefaction and maintaining the low temperature of liquid hydrogen.
  • hydrogen cannot be stored in high density at room temperature, and a large amount of energy is required to realize and maintain under high pressure or low temperature. Its efficiency is low and cannot meet the needs of future new energy storage.
  • Methanol cycle Energy storage cycle; Electricity cycle; Carbon sequestration;
  • Hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon compounds are (1) energy storage medium; (2) carbon storage medium for carbon dioxide; convert various forms of energy into chemical energy storage, which will not be consumed in time and will be wasted as "garbage electric energy”.
  • energy storage medium (2) carbon storage medium for carbon dioxide; convert various forms of energy into chemical energy storage, which will not be consumed in time and will be wasted as "garbage electric energy”.
  • hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon compound fuel cells are used to convert the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy for use, and the generated carbon dioxide Recycling; realize material recycling and energy storage;
  • Carbon dioxide is a cycle intermediate and temporarily stored; source: carbon dioxide in the air; carbon dioxide recovered in various daily uses or factory production processes; carbon dioxide released by fuel cells is re-recovered; temporary storage of carbon dioxide is realized;
  • Energy storage, carbon sequestration new energy cycle use the "garbage electric energy” that cannot be absorbed but will be wasted to electrolyze carbon dioxide and water to generate methanol for storage, to achieve chemical energy storage; to achieve carbon dioxide storage.
  • alcohol fuel cells generate electricity on demand to meet human needs; carbon dioxide and methanol storage have simpler, more economical, and safer environmental requirements than hydrogen storage; zero carbon emissions; at the same time, carbon dioxide generated by other means, and carbon dioxide in the air Carbon dioxide realizes carbon storage; it is safer than geological carbon storage and has real economic benefits at the same time; that is, carbon dioxide can be sold for money; only with economic benefits can it operate in a benign manner; "garbage electricity” electrolyzes carbon dioxide and water to produce methanol, realizing the closed loop of this cycle.
  • the storage of alcohol provides human beings with readily available energy to solve the human energy crisis;
  • Photolysis of water and carbon dioxide to alcohols (101) Use the energy of sunlight to photolysis of water and carbon dioxide into alcohols under the combined action of photolysis catalysts;
  • Electrolysis of water and carbon dioxide to alcohol (102) electrolysis of water and carbon dioxide into alcohol under the action of electric energy; or electrolysis of water and carbon dioxide into alcohol under the combined action of electric energy and a catalyst;
  • Biomass to alcohol (104) Use fermentation technology or enzyme technology to convert biomass into alcohol, or plant genetic modification technology to use the photosynthesis of plants or microorganisms to directly generate alcohols from sunlight, carbon dioxide and water in the air;
  • Alcohol storage (105) energy storage, carbon sequestration; other forms of energy are stored in the chemical energy of alcohol; alcohols are liquid at room temperature and pressure due to hydrogen bonding, and are easy to store; carbon sequestration, fixed air In order to reduce the impact of greenhouse gases on the earth’s temperature, and reduce the carbon dioxide emitted by humans in the air since the industrial revolution; or the carbon dioxide produced by the burning of fossil fuels in factories or households; or the carbon dioxide produced by biomass fuels; or alcohol Carbon dioxide produced by fuel cells or alcohol internal combustion engines or carbon dioxide produced by alcohol combustion furnaces; or carbon dioxide produced by gasoline or diesel internal combustion engines;
  • Methanol can be stored in general-purpose containers, stored, transported, and sold in oil depots and petroleum transportation equipment; unlike hydrogen, which requires high pressure or extremely low temperature; methanol has a high storage energy density;
  • alcohol fuel cells 106
  • alcohol internal combustion engines 107
  • alcohol burners 108
  • Alcohol fuel cell (106) Use alcohol to react with oxygen in the air to convert chemical energy into electrical energy for human use in the fuel cell;
  • Alcohol internal combustion engine (107) Use alcohol and oxygen in the air to burn in an internal combustion engine to generate power for human use;
  • Alcohol burner (108) Use alcohol to burn with oxygen in the air to generate heat for human use;
  • Alcohol energy storage new energy cycle electrolysis of water and carbon dioxide to alcohol; or photolysis of water and carbon dioxide to alcohol; or fossil fuel reforming to alcohol; or biomass to alcohol; alcohol storage; alcohol fuel cell ; Recovery of carbon dioxide generated by alcohol fuel cells;
  • Alcohol production by electrolysis the use of electrical energy to electrolyze water and carbon dioxide to generate alcohols to convert electrical energy into chemical energy for storage;
  • photolysis to produce alcohol use light energy to photolyse water and carbon dioxide to generate methanol, ethanol and other alcohols to convert light energy into chemical energy for storage;
  • Sources of carbon dioxide for the production of alcohol by electrolysis or photolysis (1) Direct use of carbon dioxide in the air; (2) Use of carbon dioxide recovered by alcohol fuel cells; (3) Use of industrially produced products or by-product carbon dioxide; (4) Residents Carbon dioxide produced by burning fuel in daily life;
  • the power micro-grid by monitoring the status of various power generation and electrical equipment, control the electrolysis of carbon dioxide and water to generate methanol; and control the power generation of the alcohol fuel cell; thereby achieving the balanced power supply of the micro-grid; the power micro-grid can be applied to homes, automobiles, Islands, etc.;
  • the power grid use the power Internet or the parameters provided by the power control system to control the electrolysis of carbon dioxide and water to generate methanol; and control the power generation of alcohol fuel cells; thereby achieving the balanced power supply of the large power grid;
  • the alcohol energy storage new energy cycle of the present invention and the hydrogen energy storage cycle are both zero carbon dioxide emissions: because carbon dioxide is consumed to produce alcohol when producing alcohol, the carbon dioxide generated by the alcohol fuel cell is recovered through the recovery device, and the electricity is used to decompose alcohol or It is used in the production of alcohol by photolysis to realize the closed-loop operation of carbon dioxide and achieve zero emission of carbon dioxide;
  • Alkaline electrolysis cell, electrolysis of water and carbon dioxide alcohol electrolysis power source 21 (201), lead 21 (202), cathode plate 21 (205), electrolyte 21 (204), carbon dioxide inlet pipe 21 (210), electrolytic cell 21 ( 206), diaphragm 21 (208), electrolyte 22 (209), anode plate 21 (207), wire 22 (203);
  • the negative electrode of the electrolysis power source 21 (201) is connected to the cathode plate 21 (205) through a wire 21 (202); the positive electrode of the electrolysis power source 21 (201) is connected to the anode plate 21 (207) through a wire 22 (203); the electrolyte 21 (204) ) Is an alkaline aqueous solution, such as NaOH, or KOH, or LiOH aqueous solution, etc.;
  • the diaphragm 21 (208) divides the electrolytic cell 21 (206) into two parts;
  • the carbon dioxide inlet pipe 21 (210) passes carbon dioxide into the electrolyte 21 (204) solution, and the solution contains OH - ions, CO 3 2- ions, cations, and H + ions;
  • the anode plate 21 (207) and the cathode plate 21 (205) can be made of metal, alloy, or graphite;
  • Catalyst in order to increase the reaction rate of electrolysis of carbon dioxide to methanol; catalyst metal, or metal oxide: such as: copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, Sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, platinum, or zinc oxide, or chromium oxide, or copper oxide, or aluminum oxide, or iron oxide, or iron oxide; or zinc oxide, or two oxides Chromium, or copper oxide, or aluminum oxide, or iron oxide, or a mixture of some oxides in iron oxide; or zinc oxide, or chromium oxide, or copper oxide, or aluminum oxide , Or ferric oxide, or ferroferric oxide; or a mixture of multiple oxides; or a mixture of metals and metal oxides; or a mixture of carbon particles, metals, and metal oxides;
  • the catalyst adheres to the anode plate 21 (207) or the cathode plate 21 (205);
  • the catalyst adheres to the cathode material between the cathode plate 21 (205) and the diaphragm 21 (208); cathode material nanoparticles, such as carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, and silicon nanoparticles;
  • the catalyst adheres to the anode material between the anode plate 21 (207) and the diaphragm 21 (208); anode material nanoparticles, such as carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, silicon nanoparticles;
  • the diaphragm 21 (208) is made of asbestos, or polysulfone, or nickel oxide, etc.;
  • the boiling point of methanol under standard atmospheric pressure is 64.7°C, only the temperature is controlled between 64.7°C and 100°C, and methanol is distilled out, and methanol can be separated from water to obtain methanol liquid;
  • the power grid use the power Internet or the parameters provided by the power control system to control the electrolysis of carbon dioxide and water to generate methanol; and control the power generation of alcohol fuel cells; to ensure the smooth operation of the large power grid.
  • Alkaline bipolar electrolyzer electrolyzes carbon dioxide to generate methanol: schematic diagram of bipolar plate electrolyzer, electrolysis power source 31 (301), electrode plate 31 (304), bipolar electrode plate 32 (306), bipolar electrode plate 33 (311) , Electrode plate 3n (308); end pressure plate 31 (316), end pressure plate 32 (307); insulation plate 31 (317), insulation plate 32 (318); electrical connection line 31 (302), electrical connection line 32 (303 ); Diaphragm 31 (305), Diaphragm 32 (310), Diaphragm 3n-1 (318); Input port 31 (314), Input port 32 (315), Input port 3n (319); Output port 31 (312), Output port 32 (313), output port 3n (312); the bipolar plate is both positive and negative; there are grooves on the bipolar plate to facilitate the transportation and diffusion of water, methanol, CO 2, and ions;
  • catalyst metal such as: copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, Gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, platinum, or zinc oxide, or chromium oxide, or copper oxide, or aluminum oxide, or iron oxide, or iron oxide; or oxide Zinc, or chromium trioxide, or copper oxide, or aluminum trioxide, or two iron trioxide, or a mixture of some oxides in triiron tetroxide; or zinc oxide, or chromium trioxide, or copper oxide , Or aluminum oxide, or iron oxide, or iron oxide; or a mixture of multiple oxides; or a mixture of metals and metal oxides; or a mixture of carbon particles, metals, and metal oxides;
  • metal oxide such as: copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, Gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, platinum, or zinc oxide, or chromium oxide, or copper oxide
  • Insulating plate 31 (317) and insulating plate 32 (318) function: to isolate the end pressure plate 31 (316) and the end pressure plate 32 (307) from the electrolytic cell power supply;
  • the negative electrode of the electrolysis power supply 31 (301) is connected to the electrode plate 31 (304) through an electrical connection line 31 (302), and the positive electrode of the electrolysis power supply 31 (301) is connected to the electrode plate 3n (309) through an electrical connection line 32 (303);
  • Insulating bolts 31 (322), nuts 31 (321), and nuts 32 (323) are used to fix the electrolytic cell;
  • the bipolar electrolytic cell has multiple sets of nuts and bolts to fix the electrolytic cell to ensure the stability of the electrolytic cell;
  • the input port 31 (314) inputs carbon dioxide or water, and methanol is generated after electrolysis; the generated methanol is output from the output port 31 (312); through fractional distillation, liquid methanol is obtained;
  • Water is input to the input port 32 (315), oxygen is generated by electrolysis, and the output is discharged into the air through the output port 32 (313), or the oxygen is collected;
  • the electrode plate 31 (304) is the negative electrode of the electrolytic cell 31 composed of the electrode plate 31 (304), the diaphragm 31 (305), and the bipolar electrode plate 32 (306);
  • the bipolar electrode plate 32 (306) is the electrode plate 31 ( 304), diaphragm 31 (305), positive electrode of sub-electrolyte cell 31 composed of bipolar electrode plate 32 (306);
  • diaphragm allows OH - ions or water molecules to pass through; diaphragm uses asbestos, or polysulfone, or nickel oxide, etc.;
  • the bipolar electrode plate 32 (306) is the negative electrode of the sub-electrolysis cell 32 composed of the bipolar electrode plate 32 (306), the diaphragm 32 (310), and the bipolar electrode plate 33 (311);
  • the bipolar electrode plate 33 (311) is The positive electrode of the sub-electrolysis cell 32 composed of a bipolar electrode plate 32 (306), a diaphragm 32 (310), and a bipolar electrode plate 33 (311);
  • bipolar electrolyzers compact structure, small size, low cost and high output.
  • the power grid use the power Internet or the parameters provided by the power control system to control the electrolysis of carbon dioxide and water to generate methanol; and control the power generation of alcohol fuel cells; to ensure the smooth operation of the large power grid.
  • Electrolysis of carbon dioxide and water to produce methanol schematic diagram of solid polymer bipolar plate electrolyzer, electrolysis power supply 41 (401), electrode plate 41 (404), bipolar electrode plate 42 (406), bipolar electrode plate 43 (411), electrode Plate 4n (408); end pressing plate 41 (416), end pressing plate 42 (407); insulating plate 41 (417), insulating plate 42 (418); electrical connection line 41 (402), electrical connection line 42 (403); Proton exchange membrane 41 (405), proton exchange membrane 42 (410), proton exchange membrane 4n-1 (418); input port 41 (414), input port 42 (415), input port 4n (419); output port 41 (412), output port 42 (413), output port 4n (412); the bipolar plate is both positive and negative; there are grooves on the bipolar plate to facilitate the transportation and diffusion of water, methanol, CO 2, and ions ;
  • End pressure plate 41 (416), end pressure plate 42 (407) Under pressure, use screws to fix the bipolar electrolytic cell; it can be metal, or alloy, or non-metal, or polymer material;
  • a metal oxide as a catalyst: such as: zinc oxide, or chromium oxide, or copper oxide, or aluminum oxide, or iron oxide, or Ferric oxide; or zinc oxide, or chromium oxide, or copper oxide, or aluminum oxide, or iron oxide, or a mixture of some oxides in ferric oxide; or zinc oxide, or three Chromium oxide, or copper oxide, or aluminum oxide, or iron oxide, or a complex compound reconstituted by partial oxides in ferric oxide; or a mixture of metals and metal oxides; or carbon particles, metals , A mixture of metal oxides;
  • Insulating plate 41 (417) and insulating plate 42 (418) function: to isolate the end pressure plate 41 (416) and the end pressure plate 42 (407) from the power supply of the electrolytic cell;
  • the negative electrode of the electrolysis power supply 41 (401) is connected to the electrode plate 41 (404) through the electrical connection line 41 (402), and the positive electrode of the electrolysis power supply 41 (401) is connected to the electrode plate 4n (409) through the electrical connection line 42 (403);
  • Insulating bolt 41 (422), nut 41 (421), nut 42 (423) are used to fix the electrolytic cell;
  • the input port 41 (414) inputs carbon dioxide or water, and methanol is generated after electrolysis; the generated methanol is output from the output port 41 (412); through fractional distillation, liquid methanol is obtained;
  • the input port 42 (415) inputs water, electrolysis generates oxygen, and the output port 42 (413) outputs and discharges into the air, or collects oxygen;
  • the electrode plate 41 (404) is the negative electrode of the electrolytic cell 41 composed of the electrode plate 41 (404), the proton exchange membrane 41 (405), and the bipolar electrode plate 42 (406);
  • the bipolar electrode plate 42 (406) is the electrode plate 41 (404), proton exchange membrane 41 (405), the positive electrode of the sub-electrolysis cell 41 composed of bipolar electrode plate 42 (406);
  • the diaphragm allows H + ions to pass through; the diaphragm adopts a proton exchange membrane;
  • the bipolar electrode plate 42 (406) is the negative electrode of the sub-electrolysis cell 42 composed of the bipolar electrode plate 42 (406), the proton exchange membrane 42 (410), and the bipolar electrode plate 43 (411);
  • the bipolar electrode plate 43 (411) ) Is the positive electrode of the sub-electrolysis cell 42 composed of the bipolar electrode plate 42 (406), the proton exchange membrane 42 (410), and the bipolar electrode plate 43 (411);
  • bipolar electrolyzer compact structure, small size, low cost, high output; high efficiency;
  • the power grid use the power Internet or the parameters provided by the power control system to control the electrolysis of carbon dioxide and water to generate methanol; and control the power generation of alcohol fuel cells; to ensure the smooth operation of the large power grid.
  • Carbon dioxide storage 51 (504) and water use "garbage electric energy” electrolysis to realize methanol chemical energy storage and material storage, that is, to convert carbon dioxide to methanol to realize carbon storage of carbon dioxide;
  • Garbage power refers to: wind power, solar power, etc., which cannot be absorbed by the grid; or electric power that cannot be absorbed by power plants during the valley period;
  • Energy storage and carbon storage new energy cycle use the "garbage electric energy” that cannot be absorbed but will be wasted to electrolyze carbon dioxide and water to generate methanol for storage, to achieve chemical energy storage; to achieve carbon dioxide storage.
  • alcohol fuel cells When users need power supply, alcohol fuel cells generate electricity on demand to meet human needs.
  • Carbon dioxide and methanol storage have simpler, more economical and safer environmental requirements than hydrogen storage; and achieve zero carbon emissions.
  • carbon dioxide produced by other means and carbon dioxide in the air can be stored; it is safer and more economical than geological carbon storage. Only economic benefits can truly operate.
  • "Garbage electric energy” electrolyzes carbon dioxide and water to produce methanol, realizing the closed loop of this cycle.
  • Alcohols have higher melting points and boiling points due to hydrogen bonding, and are easier to store than hydrogen and gasoline, and they are safer to store.
  • Alcohols sequestered by carbon use method: (a) Alcohols are directly burned as fuel;
  • Alcohols are directly generated by fuel cells for human use; (c) Alcohols are reformed into hydrogen and converted into electrical energy by hydrogen fuel cells for human use.
  • FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of the electrolysis of water and carbon dioxide to produce alcohol
  • Methanol cycle Energy storage cycle; Electricity cycle; Carbon sequestration;
  • Hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon compounds are (1) energy storage medium; (2) carbon storage medium for carbon dioxide; convert various forms of energy into chemical energy storage, which will not be consumed in time and will be wasted as "garbage electric energy”.
  • energy storage medium (2) carbon storage medium for carbon dioxide; convert various forms of energy into chemical energy storage, which will not be consumed in time and will be wasted as "garbage electric energy”.
  • hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon compound fuel cells are used to convert the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy for use, and the generated carbon dioxide Recycling; realize material recycling and energy storage;
  • Carbon dioxide is a cycle intermediate and temporarily stored; source: carbon dioxide in the air; carbon dioxide recovered in various daily uses or factory production processes; carbon dioxide released by fuel cells is re-recovered; temporary storage of carbon dioxide is realized;
  • Energy storage, carbon sequestration new energy cycle use the "garbage electric energy” that cannot be absorbed but will be wasted to electrolyze carbon dioxide and water to generate methanol for storage, to achieve chemical energy storage; to achieve carbon dioxide storage.
  • alcohol fuel cells generate electricity on demand to meet human needs; carbon dioxide and methanol storage have simpler, more economical, and safer environmental requirements than hydrogen storage; zero carbon emissions; at the same time, carbon dioxide generated by other means, and carbon dioxide in the air Carbon dioxide realizes carbon storage; it is safer than geological carbon storage and has real economic benefits at the same time; that is, carbon dioxide can be sold for money; only with economic benefits can it operate in a benign manner; "garbage electricity” electrolyzes carbon dioxide and water to produce methanol, realizing the closed loop of this cycle.
  • the storage of alcohol provides human beings with readily available energy to solve the human energy crisis;
  • Photolysis of water and carbon dioxide to alcohols (101) Use the energy of sunlight to photolysis of water and carbon dioxide into alcohols under the combined action of photolysis catalysts;
  • Electrolysis of water and carbon dioxide to alcohol (102) electrolysis of water and carbon dioxide into alcohol under the action of electric energy; or electrolysis of water and carbon dioxide into alcohol under the combined action of electric energy and a catalyst;
  • Biomass to alcohol (104) Use fermentation technology or enzyme technology to convert biomass into alcohol, or plant genetic modification technology to use the photosynthesis of plants or microorganisms to directly generate alcohols from sunlight, carbon dioxide and water in the air;
  • Alcohol storage (105) energy storage, carbon sequestration; other forms of energy are stored in the chemical energy of alcohol; alcohols are liquid at room temperature and pressure due to hydrogen bonding, and are easy to store; carbon sequestration, fixed air In order to reduce the impact of greenhouse gases on the earth’s temperature, and reduce the carbon dioxide emitted by humans in the air since the industrial revolution; or the carbon dioxide produced by the burning of fossil fuels in factories or households; or the carbon dioxide produced by biomass fuels; or alcohol Carbon dioxide produced by fuel cells or alcohol internal combustion engines or carbon dioxide produced by alcohol combustion furnaces; or carbon dioxide produced by gasoline or diesel internal combustion engines;
  • Methanol can be stored in general-purpose containers, stored, transported, and sold in oil depots and petroleum transportation equipment; unlike hydrogen, which requires high pressure or extremely low temperature; methanol has a high storage energy density;
  • alcohol fuel cells 106
  • alcohol internal combustion engines 107
  • alcohol burners 108
  • Alcohol fuel cell (106) Use alcohol to react with oxygen in the air to convert chemical energy into electrical energy for human use in the fuel cell;
  • Alcohol internal combustion engine (107) Use alcohol and oxygen in the air to burn in an internal combustion engine to generate power for human use;
  • Alcohol burner (108) Use alcohol to burn with oxygen in the air to generate heat for human use;
  • Alcohol energy storage new energy cycle electrolysis of water and carbon dioxide to alcohol; or photolysis of water and carbon dioxide to alcohol; or fossil fuel reforming to alcohol; or biomass to alcohol; alcohol storage; alcohol fuel cell ; Recovery of carbon dioxide generated by alcohol fuel cells;
  • Alcohol production by electrolysis the use of electrical energy to electrolyze water and carbon dioxide to generate alcohols to convert electrical energy into chemical energy for storage;
  • photolysis to produce alcohol use light energy to photolyse water and carbon dioxide to generate methanol, ethanol and other alcohols to convert light energy into chemical energy for storage;
  • Sources of carbon dioxide for the production of alcohol by electrolysis or photolysis (1) Direct use of carbon dioxide in the air; (2) Use of carbon dioxide recovered by alcohol fuel cells; (3) Use of industrially produced products or by-product carbon dioxide; (4) Residents Carbon dioxide produced by burning fuel in daily life;
  • the power micro-grid by monitoring the status of various power generation and electrical equipment, control the electrolysis of carbon dioxide and water to generate methanol; and control the power generation of the alcohol fuel cell; thereby achieving the balanced power supply of the micro-grid; the power micro-grid can be applied to homes, automobiles, Islands, etc.;
  • the power grid use the power Internet or the parameters provided by the power control system to control the electrolysis of carbon dioxide and water to generate methanol; and control the power generation of the alcohol fuel cell; thereby achieving the balanced power supply of the large power grid;
  • the alcohol energy storage new energy cycle of the present invention and the hydrogen energy storage cycle are both zero carbon dioxide emissions: because carbon dioxide is consumed to produce alcohol when producing alcohol, the carbon dioxide generated by the alcohol fuel cell is recovered through the recovery device, and the electricity is used to decompose alcohol or It is used in the production of alcohol by photolysis to realize the closed-loop operation of carbon dioxide and achieve zero emission of carbon dioxide;
  • Alkaline electrolyzer electrolysis of water and carbon dioxide to produce alcohol: as shown in Figure 2, electrolysis power source 21 (201), lead 21 (202), cathode plate 21 (205), electrolyte 21 (204), carbon dioxide inlet pipe 21 (210) ), electrolytic cell 21 (206), diaphragm 21 (208), electrolyte 22 (209), anode plate 21 (207), wire 22 (203);
  • the negative electrode of the electrolysis power source 21 (201) is connected to the cathode plate 21 (205) through a wire 21 (202); the positive electrode of the electrolysis power source 21 (201) is connected to the anode plate 21 (207) through a wire 22 (203); the electrolyte 21 (204) ) Is an alkaline aqueous solution, such as NaOH, or KOH, or LiOH aqueous solution, etc.;
  • the diaphragm 21 (208) divides the electrolytic cell 21 (206) into two parts;
  • the carbon dioxide inlet pipe 21 (210) passes carbon dioxide into the electrolyte 21 (204) solution, and the solution contains OH - ions, CO 3 2- ions, cations, and H + ions;
  • the anode plate 21 (207) and the cathode plate 21 (205) can be made of metal, alloy, or graphite;
  • Catalyst in order to increase the reaction rate of electrolysis of carbon dioxide to methanol; catalyst metal, or metal oxide: such as: copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, Sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, platinum, or zinc oxide, or chromium oxide, or copper oxide, or aluminum oxide, or iron oxide, or iron oxide; or zinc oxide, or two oxides Chromium, or copper oxide, or aluminum oxide, or iron oxide, or a mixture of some oxides in iron oxide; or zinc oxide, or chromium oxide, or copper oxide, or aluminum oxide , Or ferric oxide, or ferroferric oxide; or a mixture of multiple oxides; or a mixture of metals and metal oxides; or a mixture of carbon particles, metals, and metal oxides;
  • the catalyst adheres to the anode plate 21 (207) or the cathode plate 21 (205);
  • the catalyst adheres to the cathode material between the cathode plate 21 (205) and the diaphragm 21 (208); cathode material nanoparticles, such as carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, and silicon nanoparticles;
  • the catalyst adheres to the anode material between the anode plate 21 (207) and the diaphragm 21 (208); anode material nanoparticles, such as carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, silicon nanoparticles;
  • the diaphragm 21 (208) is made of asbestos, or polysulfone, or nickel oxide, etc.;
  • the boiling point of methanol under standard atmospheric pressure is 64.7°C, only the temperature is controlled between 64.7°C and 100°C, and methanol is distilled out, and methanol can be separated from water to obtain methanol liquid;
  • Alkaline bipolar electrolyzer electrolyzes carbon dioxide to generate methanol: as shown in Figure 3, a schematic diagram of a bipolar plate electrolyzer, electrolysis power source 31 (301), electrode plate 31 (304), bipolar electrode plate 32 (306), bipolar Electrode plate 33 (311), electrode plate 3n (308); end pressing plate 31 (316), end pressing plate 32 (307); insulating plate 31 (317), insulating plate 32 (318); electrical connecting wire 31 (302), Electrical connection line 32 (303); diaphragm 31 (305), diaphragm 32 (310), diaphragm 3n-1 (318); input port 31 (314), input port 32 (315), input port 3n (319); output Port 31 (312), output port 32 (313), output port 3n (312); the bipolar plate is both positive and negative; there are grooves on the bipolar plate to facilitate the transportation of water, methanol, CO 2 , and ions.
  • catalyst metal such as: copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, Gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, platinum, or zinc oxide, or chromium oxide, or copper oxide, or aluminum oxide, or iron oxide, or iron oxide; or oxide Zinc, or chromium trioxide, or copper oxide, or aluminum trioxide, or two iron trioxide, or a mixture of some oxides in triiron tetroxide; or zinc oxide, or chromium trioxide, or copper oxide , Or aluminum oxide, or iron oxide, or iron oxide; or a mixture of multiple oxides; or a mixture of metals and metal oxides; or a mixture of carbon particles, metals, and metal oxides;
  • metal oxide such as: copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, Gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, platinum, or zinc oxide, or chromium oxide, or copper oxide
  • Insulating plate 31 (317) and insulating plate 32 (318) function: to isolate the end pressure plate 31 (316) and the end pressure plate 32 (307) from the electrolytic cell power supply;
  • the negative electrode of the electrolysis power supply 31 (301) is connected to the electrode plate 31 (304) through an electrical connection line 31 (302), and the positive electrode of the electrolysis power supply 31 (301) is connected to the electrode plate 3n (309) through an electrical connection line 32 (303);
  • Insulating bolts 31 (322), nuts 31 (321), and nuts 32 (323) are used to fix the electrolytic cell;
  • the bipolar electrolytic cell has multiple sets of nuts and bolts to fix the electrolytic cell to ensure the stability of the electrolytic cell;
  • the input port 31 (314) inputs carbon dioxide or water, and methanol is generated after electrolysis; the generated methanol is output from the output port 31 (312); through fractional distillation, liquid methanol is obtained;
  • Water is input to the input port 32 (315), oxygen is generated by electrolysis, and the output is discharged into the air through the output port 32 (313), or the oxygen is collected;
  • the electrode plate 31 (304) is the negative electrode of the electrolytic cell 31 composed of the electrode plate 31 (304), the diaphragm 31 (305), and the bipolar electrode plate 32 (306);
  • the bipolar electrode plate 32 (306) is the electrode plate 31 ( 304), diaphragm 31 (305), positive electrode of sub-electrolyte cell 31 composed of bipolar electrode plate 32 (306);
  • diaphragm allows OH - ions or water molecules to pass through; diaphragm uses asbestos, or polysulfone, or nickel oxide, etc.;
  • the bipolar electrode plate 32 (306) is the negative electrode of the sub-electrolysis cell 32 composed of the bipolar electrode plate 32 (306), the diaphragm 32 (310), and the bipolar electrode plate 33 (311);
  • the bipolar electrode plate 33 (311) is The positive electrode of the sub-electrolysis cell 32 composed of a bipolar electrode plate 32 (306), a diaphragm 32 (310), and a bipolar electrode plate 33 (311);
  • bipolar electrolyzers compact structure, small size, low cost and high output.
  • Alkaline bipolar electrolytic cell is one unit; or bipolar electrolytic cell is two units; or bipolar electrolytic cell is multiple units;
  • Electrolysis of carbon dioxide and water to produce methanol as shown in Figure 4, a schematic diagram of a solid polymer bipolar plate electrolyzer, electrolysis power source 41 (401), electrode plate 41 (404), bipolar electrode plate 42 (406), bipolar electrode plate 43 (411), electrode plate 4n (408); end pressing plate 41 (416), end pressing plate 42 (407); insulating plate 41 (417), insulating plate 42 (418); electrical connection line 41 (402), electrical connection Line 42 (403); proton exchange membrane 41 (405), proton exchange membrane 42 (410), proton exchange membrane 4n-1 (418); input port 41 (414), input port 42 (415), input port 4n ( 419); output port 41 (412), output port 42 (413), output port 4n (412); the bipolar plate is both positive and negative; there are grooves on the bipolar plate to facilitate water, methanol, and CO 2 , Ion transport, diffusion through;
  • End pressure plate 41 (416), end pressure plate 42 (407) Under pressure, use screws to fix the bipolar electrolytic cell; it can be metal, or alloy, or non-metal, or polymer material;
  • a metal oxide as a catalyst: such as: zinc oxide, or chromium oxide, or copper oxide, or aluminum oxide, or iron oxide, or Ferric oxide; or zinc oxide, or chromium oxide, or copper oxide, or aluminum oxide, or iron oxide, or a mixture of some oxides in ferric oxide; or zinc oxide, or three Chromium oxide, or copper oxide, or aluminum oxide, or iron oxide, or a complex compound reconstituted by partial oxides in ferric oxide; or a mixture of metals and metal oxides; or carbon particles, metals , A mixture of metal oxides;
  • Insulating plate 41 (417) and insulating plate 42 (418) function: to isolate the end pressure plate 41 (416) and the end pressure plate 42 (407) from the power supply of the electrolytic cell;
  • the negative electrode of the electrolysis power supply 41 (401) is connected to the electrode plate 41 (404) through the electrical connection line 41 (402), and the positive electrode of the electrolysis power supply 41 (401) is connected to the electrode plate 4n (409) through the electrical connection line 42 (403);
  • Insulating bolt 41 (422), nut 41 (421), nut 42 (423) are used to fix the electrolytic cell;
  • the input port 41 (414) inputs carbon dioxide or water, and methanol is generated after electrolysis; the generated methanol is output from the output port 41 (412); through fractional distillation, liquid methanol is obtained;
  • the input port 42 (415) inputs water, electrolysis generates oxygen, and the output port 42 (413) outputs and discharges into the air, or collects oxygen;
  • the electrode plate 41 (404) is the negative electrode of the electrolytic cell 41 composed of the electrode plate 41 (404), the proton exchange membrane 41 (405), and the bipolar electrode plate 42 (406);
  • the bipolar electrode plate 42 (406) is the electrode plate 41 (404), proton exchange membrane 41 (405), the positive electrode of the sub-electrolysis cell 41 composed of bipolar electrode plate 42 (406);
  • the diaphragm allows H + ions to pass through; the diaphragm adopts a proton exchange membrane;
  • the bipolar electrode plate 42 (406) is the negative electrode of the sub-electrolysis cell 42 composed of the bipolar electrode plate 42 (406), the proton exchange membrane 42 (410), and the bipolar electrode plate 43 (411);
  • the bipolar electrode plate 43 (411) ) Is the positive electrode of the sub-electrolysis cell 42 composed of the bipolar electrode plate 42 (406), the proton exchange membrane 42 (410), and the bipolar electrode plate 43 (411);
  • the solid electrolyte bipolar electrolytic cell is one unit; or the bipolar electrolytic cell is two units; or the bipolar electrolytic cell is multiple units;
  • bipolar electrolyzer compact structure, small size, low cost, high output; high efficiency;
  • the power grid use the power Internet or the parameters provided by the power control system to control the electrolysis of carbon dioxide and water to generate methanol; and control the power generation of alcohol fuel cells; to ensure the smooth operation of the large power grid.
  • Carbon dioxide storage 51 (504) and water use "garbage electric energy” electrolysis to realize methanol chemical energy storage and material storage, that is, to convert carbon dioxide to methanol to realize carbon storage of carbon dioxide;
  • Garbage power refers to: wind power, solar power, etc., which cannot be absorbed by the grid; or electric power that cannot be absorbed by power plants during the valley period;

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système à nouveau cycle d'énergie constitué d'un stockage d'énergie et d'une séquestration de carbone : de l'énergie électrique résiduelle provenant de déchets ne pouvant pas être consommés et qui seraient autrement perdus est utilisée pour effectuer une électrolyse de dioxyde de carbone et d'eau et produire un stockage de méthanol, mettant en œuvre un stockage d'énergie chimique et une séquestration de dioxyde de carbone, et lorsque les utilisateurs ont besoin d'être alimentés en électricité, une pile à combustible à alcool génère de l'électricité selon les besoins pour satisfaire la demande, ce qui permet d'obtenir un cycle de méthanol en boucle fermée ; de plus, la séquestration de carbone est réalisée sur du dioxyde de carbone produit d'autres manières ainsi que du dioxyde de carbone atmosphérique, ce qui est plus sûr que la séquestration de carbone géologique et fournit un bénéfice économique. Le stockage de méthanol est économique, sûr, présente des exigences environnementales plus simples pour le stockage que le stockage de gaz hydrogène, peut obtenir une émission nulle de carbone, et peut fournir à l'homme une source d'énergie disponible à tout moment, résolvant ainsi la crise d'énergie humaine.
PCT/CN2021/086343 2020-05-02 2021-04-12 Stockage d'énergie, séquestration de carbone et nouveau cycle d'énergie Ceased WO2021223570A1 (fr)

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