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WO2021202014A1 - Anti-androgène ou antagoniste du récepteur des androgènes pour le traitement d'une infection respiratoire virale - Google Patents

Anti-androgène ou antagoniste du récepteur des androgènes pour le traitement d'une infection respiratoire virale Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021202014A1
WO2021202014A1 PCT/US2021/019201 US2021019201W WO2021202014A1 WO 2021202014 A1 WO2021202014 A1 WO 2021202014A1 US 2021019201 W US2021019201 W US 2021019201W WO 2021202014 A1 WO2021202014 A1 WO 2021202014A1
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cov
androgen
composition
sars
treatment
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Ofer A. Goren
John Mccoy
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Applied Biology Inc
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Applied Biology Inc
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Priority claimed from US15/929,788 external-priority patent/US11338010B2/en
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Priority to EP21712645.7A priority Critical patent/EP4125828A1/fr
Priority to CN202180026101.4A priority patent/CN115916165A/zh
Publication of WO2021202014A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021202014A1/fr
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    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A61K31/05—Phenols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K31/58—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids containing heterocyclic rings, e.g. danazol, stanozolol, pancuronium or digitogenin
    • A61K31/585—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids containing heterocyclic rings, e.g. danazol, stanozolol, pancuronium or digitogenin containing lactone rings, e.g. oxandrolone, bufalin
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    • A61K31/167—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide having the nitrogen of a carboxamide group directly attached to the aromatic ring, e.g. lidocaine, paracetamol
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    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7088—Compounds having three or more nucleosides or nucleotides
    • A61K31/7125—Nucleic acids or oligonucleotides having modified internucleoside linkage, i.e. other than 3'-5' phosphodiesters
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    • A61K38/08—Peptides having 5 to 11 amino acids
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    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/16—Antivirals for RNA viruses for influenza or rhinoviruses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to systems, methods, compositions and kits for treating, preventing, and diagnosing viral infection using a combination of thyroid hormone pathways and androgen mediated pathway.
  • the present invention relates to methods and kits for predicting viral respiratory disease severity. Additionally, the present invention relates to methods and kits for guiding treatment of viral respiratory disease by testing for polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene or genes under regulatory control of the androgen receptor.
  • the following invention relates to systems and methods for treatment of viral respiratory diseases with various anti-androgens used in combination with thyroid inhibitors including, but not limited to, androgen receptor antagonists, androgen synthesis inhibitors, or antigonadotropins used in combination with TGF-b inhibitors, thyroid hormone receptor inhibitors, thyroid inhibitors, or furin protease inhibitors. Additionally, the present systems, methods, and kits are useful for treating, preventing, and diagnosing coronavirus, e.g., SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).
  • coronavirus e.g., SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).
  • SARS-CoV-2 is part of the coronavirus family of viruses including SARS- CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. Coronavirus predominantly infects type II pneumocytes in the human lung ( See Shieh WJ, Hsiao CH, Paddock CD, Guamer J, Goldsmith CS, et al. Immunohistochemical, in situ hybridization, and ultrastructural localization of SARS- associated coronavirus in lung of a fatal case of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Taiwan. Hum Pathol. 2005; 36(3): 303-309). It has been demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on priming of a viral spike surface protein by transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) present in the host.
  • TMPRSS2 transmembrane protease serine 2
  • TMPRSS2 expression is associated with an increase in androgen receptor (AR) expression (See Mikkonen L, Pihlajamaa P, Sahu B, Zhang FP, Janne OA. Androgen Receptor and Androgen-Dependent Gene Expression in Lung. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010; 317 (1-2): 14-24), specifically connecting AR expression to SARSCoV-2, due to AR-regulated TMPRSS2 gene promoter (See Lin B, Ferguson C, White JT, Wang S, Vessella R, True LD, et al. Prostate-localized and androgen-regulated expression of the membrane-bound serine protease TMPRSS2.
  • AR androgen receptor
  • angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been recognized as the attachment molecule to the viral spike surface protein, thus termed the “receptor of SARS- CoV-2” (See Y. Qiu, Y.-B. Zhao, Q. Wang, J.-Y. Li, Z.-J. Zhou, C.-H. Liao, X.-Y. Ge, Predicting the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) utilizing capability as the receptor of SARS-CoV-2, Microbes and Infection, https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.micinf.2020.03.003).
  • SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has been revealed to contain a furin cleavage sequence ( See Rabaan AA, Al-Ahmed SH, Haque S, et al. SARS-CoV-2, SARS- CoV, and MERS-COV: A comparative overview. Infez Med. 2020; 28(2): 174-184).
  • viral spike protein priming may be mediated through furin protease in addition to TMPRSS2.
  • Furin expression has been demonstrated to be up-regulated by thyroid hormone T3 and its expression was cooperative with transforming growth factor beta or TGF-b (See Chen RN, Huang YH, Lin YC, et al.
  • Thyroid hormone promotes cell invasion through activation of furin expression in human hepatoma cell lines. Endocrinology. 2008; 149(8): 3817-3831. doi: 10.1210/en.2007-0989).
  • Thyroid hormone T 3 or T 4 binds to thyroid hormone receptor (TR), which then activates genes containing thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) in the regulatory regions of target genes.
  • TR thyroid hormone receptor
  • TREs thyroid hormone response elements
  • a furin protease inhibitor, a modulator of T 3 , a modulator of T 4 , a TR inhibitor, or a TGF-b inhibitor (TGF-b ⁇ ) are envisioned to be used in combination with an anti-androgen to limit the expression of TMPRSS2 and furin.
  • TR regulates gene expression by binding to TREs in DNA either as monomers, heterodimers with other nuclear receptors.
  • One important nuclear receptor that TR forms dimers with is the retinoid X receptor (RXR), a nuclear retinoic acid receptor.
  • RXR retinoid X receptor
  • TR/RXR heterodimers are the most transcriptionally active form of TR. As such inhibition of RXR would inhibit TR activity.
  • the present invention relates to systems, methods, compositions and for diagnosing and treating a viral respiratory infection which may include first measuring polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene or polymorphisms in genes under regulatory control of the androgen receptor. Identification of polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene can be used to guide treatments of viral respiratory diseases or infections.
  • Treatments for viral respiratory diseases may include, but are not limited to, androgen receptor antagonists, androgen synthesis inhibitors, or antigonadotropins used in combination with TGF-b inhibitors, thyroid hormone receptor inhibitors, thyroid inhibitors, or furin protease inhibitors.
  • the present systems, methods, compositions and kits are useful for treating, preventing, and diagnosing viral respiratory disease as a result of coronavirus infection, e.g., SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).
  • the terms “prevent” or “prevention” and other derivatives of the words when used in reference to viral respiratory infection, e.g., viral respiratory infection, refer to a reduced likelihood of viral respiratory infection in an individual receiving a given treatment relative to that of a similar individual at risk for viral respiratory infection but not receiving that treatment.
  • the terms “prevent” and “prevention” encompass a treatment that results in a lesser degree of viral respiratory infection, e.g., viral respiratory infection, than would be otherwise expected for a given individual.
  • Efficacy for prevention of viral respiratory infection can be established through controlled studies, e.g., in which a subject is administered a treatment (e.g., an inhaled treatment) and another subject is administered a placebo. Under these circumstances, if the subject treated with the inhaled treatment undergoes less severe viral respiratory infection symptoms over time relative to the subject receiving the placebo, e.g., at least 5% less, at least 10% less, at least 15% less, at least 20% less, at least 25% less, at least 30% less, at least 35% less, at least 40% less, at least 45% less, at least 50% less or beyond, the treatment is effective for the prevention of viral respiratory infection.
  • a treatment e.g., an inhaled treatment
  • placebo e.g., at least 5% less, at least 10% less, at least 15% less, at least 20% less, at least 25% less, at least 30% less, at least 35% less, at least 40% less, at least 45% less, at least 50% less or beyond.
  • the terms “treat,” “treatment,” or “treating” refer to therapeutic treatments, wherein the object is to reverse, alleviate, ameliorate, inhibit, slow down or stop the progression or severity of a disease or condition, e.g., SARS-CoV-2 infection or another form of viral respiratory infection.
  • the term “treating” includes reducing or alleviating at least one adverse effect or symptom of a disease or condition, e.g., SARS-CoV-2 infection or another form of a viral respiratory infection.
  • Treatment is generally “effective” if one or more symptoms are reduced. Alternatively, treatment is “effective” if the progression of a disease is reduced or halted.
  • treatment includes not just the improvement of symptoms, but also a cessation of, or at least slowing of, progress or worsening of symptoms compared to what would be expected in the absence of treatment.
  • Beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of one or more symptom(s), diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of disease, delay or slowing of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, remission (whether partial or total), and/or decreased mortality.
  • treatment is considered effective if: 1) the risk or propensity of a person having a viral respiratory infection being hospitalized, being admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU), or dying as a result is reduced; 2) the rate at which a person having a viral respiratory infection recovers or stabilizes is increased; 3) the rate at which a person having a viral respiratory infection is discharged from the hospital is increased; 4) the ability for a person having a viral respiratory infection to recover or stabilize is improved; 5) the ability to diagnose a person as having a viral respiratory infection is improved; 6) the time to diagnose a person having a viral respiratory infection is reduced; 7) the ability to prevent a person from being infected with a viral respiratory infection is improved; 8) the ability to predict viral respiratory disease severity (e.g., is a ventilator or respirator will be needed for treatment) is increased.
  • treatment also includes providing relief from the symptoms or side-effects of the disease (including palliative treatment). Treatment can involve administering a therapeutically effective amount of
  • compositions, methods, etc. refers to component s) or method steps that are present in the method or composition, yet allows for the composition, method, etc. to also include unspecified elements.
  • compositions, methods, and respective components thereof as described herein, which are exclusive of any element not recited in that description of the embodiment.
  • the term "consisting essentially of” refers to those elements required for a given embodiment. The term permits the presence of elements that do not materially affect the basic and novel or functional characteristic(s) of that embodiment.
  • viral respiratory infection refers to all forms of human lung disease stemming from a viral infection including coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and rhinoviruses.
  • coronavirus influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and rhinoviruses.
  • the term permits the presence of elements that do not materially affect the basic and novel or functional characteristic(s) of that embodiment.
  • thyroid Receptor refers to all forms of human thyroid receptors such as THRA and THRB.
  • the term “patient” refers to a human subject that has been diagnosed with or is at risk of developing a viral respiratory infection, for example a SARS- CoV-2 infection.
  • a human subject is determined to be at risk of developing a viral infection if they have been exposed to a source of viral respiratory infection such as another human, an animal, a location, a contaminated surface or a contaminated object, wherein the source comprises an active viral population.
  • the term “components” refers to the androgen receptor antagonists, androgen synthesis inhibitors, anti-androgens, RXR antagonists, anti-thyroid medications (modulators that lower T3 and/or T4 expression), agents that counter the effect of androgens such as sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) stimulators, antigonadotropins, mineral ocorticoids and glucocorticoids (anticorticotropins) that suppress androgen production in the adrenal gland, insulin sensitizing medications such metformin, vaccines and immunogens against androstenedione, furin protease inhibitors, TR inhibitors and TGF-b inhibitors employed in the treatment methods and compositions.
  • SHBG sex hormone-binding globulin
  • antigonadotropins such as sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) stimulators, antigonadotropins, mineral ocorticoids and glucocorticoids (anticorticotropins) that suppress androg
  • AR Androgen Receptor
  • RNA specific tissue
  • methylation analysis of AR i.e., in the case of X-chromosome inactivation
  • Polymorphisms in the androgen receptor can be used to infer a subject has androgen sensitivity.
  • Applicants disclose herein systems, methods, compositions and kits for treating, preventing, and diagnosing a viral respiratory infection. These methods, systems, compositions and kits may include measuring polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene of a patient with or at risk of developing a viral respiratory infection.
  • androgen receptor antagonists may also include the use of any one or combination of the following: androgen receptor antagonists, androgen synthesis inhibitors, anti-androgens, RXR antagonists, agents that counter the effect of androgens such as sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) stimulators, antigonadotropins, mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids (anticorticotropins) that supress androgen production in the adrenal gland, insulin sensitizing medications (e.g., metformin), vaccines and immunogens against androstenedione which reduce the level of testosterone and estrogen, a furin protease inhibitor, anti-thyroid medications (modulators that lower T3 and/or T4 expression), a TR inhibitor, a TGF-b inhibitor (TGF-b ⁇ ) or any combination thereof.
  • SHBG sex hormone-binding globulin
  • antigonadotropins mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids (anticorticotropins) that supress and
  • these methods, systems, kits and compositions can be administered topically, nasally, orally, by injection, or be applied topically to the lung, i.e. inhaled.
  • these methods, kits, systems and compositions would alter the androgen receptor function of the patient and lower the T 3 or T 4 levels, block TR signaling, or inhibit TGF-b expression of the patient, thus subsequently lowering the expression of downstream genes under regulatory control of the androgen receptor and/or T 3 signaling.
  • genes include but are not limited to, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), furin, and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Blocking the production of certain proteins in the lung may be beneficial to altering viral entry into cells or bolstering host immunity.
  • TMPRSS2 and furin priming of a viral spike surface protein is required for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry; TMPRSS2 expression is under control of the androgen receptor and furin expression is dependent on T 3 and TGF- b.
  • blocking the expression of the androgen receptor or altering AR activity would decrease the amount of TMPRSS2 expression and lead to reduced viral entry.
  • lowering T 3 , inhibiting TR, or blocking TGF-b would decrease the amount of furin and lead to reduced viral entry.
  • a combination of anti-androgen and a TGF-b ⁇ would block both pathways to viral spike protein priming and reduce viral entry into human cells. Other embodiments are described below.
  • the viral respiratory infection may include, but is not limited to, any one or combination of coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV- 2, MERS-CoV, or rhinoviruses.
  • the respiratory infection is a
  • the anti-androgen employed in the methods, systems, kits and combinations can be selected from any one or combination of: cyproterone acetate, megestrol acetate, chlormadinone acetate, spironolactone, medrogestone, oxendolone, osaterone, bifluranol acetate, finasteride, dutastride, flutamide, bicalutamide, nilutamide, topilutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, dienogest, drospirenone, medrogestone, nomegestrol acetate, promegestone, trimegestone, ketoconazole, abiraterone acetate, seviteronel, aminoglutethimide, epristeride, alfaestradiol, isotretinoin, saw palmetto, marijuana, cannabinoids, darolutamide,
  • the TGF-b ⁇ employed in the treatment methods and compositions can be selected from M7824, bintrafusp alfa, galunisertib, SAR439459, NIS793, PF-06952229, vactosertib, AVID200, ARGX-115, ABBV-151, trabedersen, VTX-002, ACE-1332, SRK- 181 or any combination thereof.
  • the TGF-b ⁇ can be present in percent amounts ranging from 0% to 100%.
  • the furin inhibitor employed in the treatment methods and compositions can be selected from al-PDX, Acyclic mini -PD X, Cyclic mini-PDX, OMTKY3 (variant A15R,T17K,L18R), 6R, D6R, D9R, H5N1 derived peptide, Ac-RXXT-NH2, H2N-C8- RXXT, chloromethylketone, Decanoyl-Ar.g-Val-Lys-Arg-chloromethylketone, Dec-RVKR- CMK, TACE inhibitor, Naphthofluorescein, phenylacetyl-Arg-Val-Arg-4- amidinobenzylamide or any combination thereof.
  • the furin inhibitor can be present in percent amounts ranging from 0% to 100%.
  • the TR antagonist employed in the treatment methods and compositions can be selected from NH-3, tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) or a combination thereof.
  • the TR antagonist can be present in percent amounts ranging from 0% to 100%.
  • the anti-thyroid medication i.e., a medication that lowers T 3 and/or T 4 expression
  • the anti-thyroid medication employed in the treatment methods and compositions can be selected from sodium iodide, potassium iodide, colloidal iodine, tapazole, methimazole, sodium iodide-i- 131, Iodotope, iosat, Northyx, Tapazole, Propylthiouracil, PropylThyracil, PTU, SSKI, ThyroSafe, ThyroShield, iOSAT, Sodium iodide 1311, Hicon or any combination thereof.
  • the anti -thyroid medication can be present in percent amounts ranging from 0% to 100%.
  • the RXR antagonist employed in the treatment methods and compositions can be selected from LG100754, AGN195393, Ro26-5405, LG101506, PA451, PA452, Bl-1003,
  • RXR antagonist can be present in percent amounts ranging from 0% to 100%.
  • the method comprises administering an anti-androgen with any one or combination of an anti-inflammatory agent, an anti-bacterial agent, or aspartame.
  • a method of using a composition on a subject having or suspected of having a viral respiratory infection involves administering a composition to a subject, the composition including any one or combination of: an androgen receptor antagonists or anti-androgen; an androgen synthesis inhibitor; an agent that counters the effect of androgens; a globulin (SHBG) stimulator; an antigonadotropin; a mineralocorticoid to suppress androgen production in the adrenal gland; a glucocorticoid to suppress androgen production in the adrenal gland; an insulin sensitizing medication; and vaccine or an immunogen against androstenedione that reduces the level of testosterone or increases estrogen.
  • an androgen receptor antagonists or anti-androgen an androgen synthesis inhibitor
  • an agent that counters the effect of androgens a globulin (SHBG) stimulator
  • an antigonadotropin a mineralocorticoid to suppress androgen production in the adrenal gland
  • the method involves altering androgen receptor function and subsequently downstream genes under regulatory control of the androgen receptor, wherein the downstream genes include any one or combination of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), furin, and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2).
  • ACE2 angiotensin converting enzyme 2
  • TMPRSS2 transmembrane protease serine 2
  • the method involves predicting anti-androgen treatment response via evaluation of a genetic variation of the androgen receptor (AR) gene.
  • AR androgen receptor
  • the number of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats in the first exon of the AR gene, the number of guanine-guanine-(any nucleotide) (GGN) repeats in the first exon in the AR gene, and/or a ratio of CAG/GGN repeats is used as the genetic variant; and a cut off value for the number of CAG repeats the first exon of AR gene is used to define a person with androgen sensitivity.
  • the cut-off value for the number of CAG repeats the first exon of AR gene is between 10 and 30.
  • variants in the promoter region of the AR are used as the genetic variant.
  • the present invention comprises a method of identifying whether a person is at risk of mortality or developing severity of infection following viral respiratory infection involves determining the risk of severity or mortality of the viral respiratory infection by identifying and measuring promotor regions in any one or combination of the androgen receptor (AR) gene, the TMPRSS2 gene, the furin gene, or the ACE2 gene.
  • AR androgen receptor
  • the method involves predicting anti-androgen treatment response via evaluation of a genetic variation of the AR gene, the TMPRSS2 gene, the furin gene, or the ACE2 gene.
  • the method involves predicting the anti-androgen treatment response involves measuring polymorphisms in the AR gene.
  • the genetic variation includes any one or combination of one or more of: F877L/T878A, F877L, T878A, rs!37852591, rs!04894742, rsl057518177, rsl057521121, rsl057521122, rsl057523747, rsl064793480, rsl064793645, rsl064794065, rsl064794069, rsl064795250, rsl085307685, rsl085307962, rsl2014709, rsl204038, rsl337080, rsl37852562, rsl37852563, rsl37852564, rsl37852565, rsl
  • the method involves blocking the production of proteins in the lung so as to alter viral entry into cells or to bolster host immunity.
  • the method involves administering a composition as a treatment for the viral respiratory infection and/or a prophylactic for the viral respiratory infection before, during, and/or after the patient is first diagnosed with the viral respiratory infection and/or before, during, and/or after the subject is hospitalized due to the viral respiratory infection.
  • the method involves guiding selection of anti-androgen treatment and/or dosage selection of the selected anti-androgen treatment based on the predicted anti-androgen treatment response.
  • the method involves predicting infection symptom severity, infection mortality, and/or whether the patient will need a ventilator or respiration due to the infection.
  • the method involves administering the composition routinely.
  • the method involves the combination of an anti androgen with any one or combination of an anti-inflammatory agent, an anti -bacterial agent, or aspartame.
  • the method involves the use of a composition on a patient having or suspected of having a viral respiratory infection wherein the composition is administered the patient, wherein the composition includes dutasteride.
  • the composition is further used as a treatment of the viral respiratory infection, a therapy for the viral respiratory infection, a prophylactic for the viral respiratory infection, a preventive measure for contracting the viral respiratory infection, a diagnosis of a type of viral respiratory infection, a prediction for respiratory disease severity of the viral respiratory infection, a prediction for determining an effective treatment or prophylactic composition, and/or a prediction for determining an effective administration dosage of the composition for use as a treatment or prophylactic.
  • the method involves administering the composition so that the dutasteride is present in a range from 0.1 mg/day to 1.0 mg/day.
  • the method involves administering the composition at any time before the subject is exposed to the viral respiratory infection.
  • the method involves administering a composition at any time within a time frame of thirty days prior to the patient being exposed to the viral respiratory infection.
  • the method involves the use of a composition on a patient having or suspected of having a viral respiratory infection, wherein the method involves: administering, via inhalation or injection, a small-interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against any one or combination of an androgen receptor (AR), TMPRSS2, and ACE2; wherein the viral respiratory infection includes any one or combination of coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, or rhinoviruses.
  • siRNA small-interfering RNA
  • AR androgen receptor
  • TMPRSS2 androgen receptor
  • ACE2 an androgen receptor
  • a method of treating a patient having or suspected of having a viral respiratory infection involves administering a composition to the patient, the composition including any one or combination of: an androgen receptor antagonists or anti-androgen; an androgen synthesis inhibitor; an agent that counters the effect of androgens; a globulin (SHBG) stimulator; an antigonadotropin; a mineralocorticoid to suppress androgen production in the adrenal gland; a glucocorticoid to suppress androgen production in the adrenal gland; an insulin sensitizing medication; and vaccine or an immunogen against androstenedione that reduces the level of testosterone or increases estrogen.
  • a composition including any one or combination of: an androgen receptor antagonists or anti-androgen; an androgen synthesis inhibitor; an agent that counters the effect of androgens; a globulin (SHBG) stimulator; an antigonadotropin; a mineralocorticoid to suppress androgen production in the adrenal gland; a
  • the anti-androgen is any one or combination of: cyproterone acetate, megestrol acetate, chlormadinone acetate, spironolactone, medrogestone, oxendolone, osaterone, bifluranol acetate, finasteride, dutastride, flutamide, bicalutamide, nilutamide, topilutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, dienogest, drospirenone, medrogestone, nomegestrol acetate, promegestone, trimegestone, ketoconazole, abiraterone acetate, seviteronel, aminoglutethimide, epristeride, alfaestradiol, isotretinoin, saw palmetto, marijuana, cannabinoids, darolutamide, EZN-4176, AZD-3514, and AZ
  • the method further involves guiding selection of anti androgen treatment and/or dosage selection of the selected anti-androgen treatment based on the predicted anti-androgen treatment response.
  • administering the composition involves administering topical skin application of finasteride at 1-30% (w/w), oral finasteride at 0.01-30 mg, dutasteride at 0.1 mg/day to 3.0 mg/day, degarelix at 24 mg-720 mg, oral cannabidiol at 1- 30/mg/Kg/day, oral flutamide at 75-2,250 mg/day, enzalutamide at 16-480 mg qd, oral dutasteride at 0.025-0.75 mg/day, apalutamide at 6-180 mg 4 times per day, injection of 30- 900 mg of cyproterone acetate, subcutaneous injection of 12-360 mg of degarelix, bicalutamide at 5-150 mg per day, subcutaneous injection of 12-360 mg of degarelix, oral darolutamide at 30-900 mg twice daily, abiraterone at 50-1500 mg twice daily, oral nilutamide at 30-900 mg once daily, or docetaxel at 7.5
  • administering the composition involves administering topical skin application of finasteride at 1-10% (w/w), oral finasteride at 0.1-10 mg, dutasteride at 0.1 mg/day to 1.0 mg/day, degarelix at 24 mg-240 mg, oral cannabidiol at 1-
  • a method of treating a patient having or suspected of having a viral respiratory infection involves: determining the risk of severity or mortality of the viral respiratory infection for the patient by identifying and measuring genetic variation in the gene and/or promotor region of any one or combination of the androgen receptor (AR), TMPRSS2, furin, or ACE2; selecting a composition and a dosage for the composition based on the determined risk of severity or mortality; and administering the composition to the patient, the composition including any one or combination of: an androgen receptor antagonists or anti-androgen; an androgen synthesis inhibitor; an agent that counters the effect of androgens; a globulin (SHBG) stimulator; an antigonadotropin; a mineralocorticoid to suppress androgen production in the adrenal gland; a glucocorticoid to suppress androgen production in the adrenal gland; an insulin sensitizing medication; and vaccine or an immunogen against androstenedione that reduces the level of testosterone or increases estrogen
  • the method involves use of a kit, wherein: a genetic sample via buccal swab, saliva sample, blood sample, tissue sample, and/or hair sample is obtained via a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sample collection unit; polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene are identified via a viral respiratory infection sensitivity unit; and an assay analysis is performed using a DNA diagnostic assay.
  • the method further involves predicting anti-androgen treatment response via evaluation of a genetic variation in the gene and/or promotor region in any one or combination of AR, TMPRSS2, furin, or ACE2.
  • a genetic variation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene can be used to predict mortality from viral respiratory infection.
  • a genetic variation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene can be used to predict viral respiratory infection symptom severity.
  • a genetic variation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene can be used to predict if a patient with viral respiratory infection will need a ventilator or a respirator.
  • a genetic variation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene can be used to predict SARS-CoV-2 mortality.
  • a genetic variation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene can be used to predict SARS-CoV-2 symptom severity.
  • a genetic variation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene can be used to predict a SARS-CoV-2 infected patient’s need for a ventilator or a respirator.
  • AR androgen receptor
  • CAG cytosine-adenine- guanine
  • a cut off value for the number of CAG repeats the first exon of AR gene can be used to define a person with androgen sensitivity.
  • the cut-off value for the number of CAG repeats the first exon of AR gene is 24.
  • GGN guanine-guanine-(any nucleotide)
  • the number of GGN repeats is between 10 and 30. In another embodiment, the number of GGN repeats can be used to define a person with androgen sensitivity. In one embodiment the ratio of CAG to GGN repeats the first exon of AR gene is used to define a person with androgen sensitivity. In some embodiments the number of CAG, GGN, or the ratio of CAG/GGN is used to predict a treatment response or choose a dosage of a drug or treatment regimen
  • genetic variations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene or the promoter region of the AR can be used to predict a treatment response.
  • genetic variations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene or the promoter region of the AR can be used to select a dosage of a treatment drug.
  • genetic variations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene or the promoter region of the AR are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In other embodiments SNPs that are associated with AR expression or function are used.
  • Examples of genetic variations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene or the promoter region of the AR, or are associated with AR expression or function include but are not limited to F877L/T878A, F877L, T878A, rsl37852591, rsl04894742, rsl057518177, rsl057521121, rsl057521122, rsl057523747, rsl064793480, rsl064793645, rsl064794065, rsl064794069, rsl064795250, rsl085307685, rsl085307962, rsl2014709, rsl204038, rsl337080, rsl37852562, rsl37852563, rsl37852564, rsl37852565, rsl37852566, rsl37852567, rs
  • genetic variations in the androgen response elements (ARE) of genes under the regulatory control of the AR can be used to predict a treatment response.
  • genetic variations in the androgen response elements (ARE) of genes under the regulatory control of the AR can be used to select a dosage of a treatment drug.
  • genetic variations in the androgen response elements (ARE) of genes under the regulatory control of the AR are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
  • SNPs in AREs in the TMPRSS2, ACE2, and furin gene are used.
  • SNPs in the AREs or coding regions of TMPRSS2, ACE2, and furin gene are used.
  • SNPs that are associated with TMPRSS2, ACE2, and furin expression or function are used.
  • Examples of genetic variations in the AREs, promoter region, coding region, or that are associated with TMPRSS2 expression or function include but are not limited to rsl2329760, rs2070788, rs383510, rs463727, rs34624090, rs55964536, rs734056, rs4290734, rs34783969, rsl 1702475, rs35899679, rs35041537, rs8134378, rs2070788, rs9974589, rs7364083, and rs2070788.
  • Examples of genetic variations in the AREs, promoter region, coding region, or that are associated with ACE2 expression or function include but are not limited to rs2285666, G8790A, rs35803318, rsl978124, rs2048683, rs2074192, rs2106809, rs2285666, rs233575, rs4240157, rs4646155, rs4646156, rs4646174, rs4646176, rs4646188, rs6632677, rs714205, and rs879922.
  • Examples of genetic variations in the furin, promoter region, coding region, or that are associated with furin expression or function include but are not limited to rsl7514846, rs2071410, rs4702, rs4932178, rs6226, and rs6227.
  • Androgen sensitivity may also include DNA genetic variations in androgen response elements (ARE) of genes under the regulatory control of the AR.
  • ARE DNA genetic variations in androgen response elements
  • genes containing AREs include, but are not limited to, TMPRSS2, furin and ACE2.
  • genetic variations in the TMPRSS2, furin or ACE2 gene or the promoter region of the TMPRSS2, furin or ACE2 can be used to predict a treatment response.
  • genetic variations in the TMPRSS2, furin or ACE2 gene or the promoter region of the TMPRSS2, furin or ACE2 can be used to select a dosage of a treatment drug.
  • a genetic variation in the TMPRSS2, furin or ACE2 gene can be used to predict mortality from viral respiratory infection.
  • a genetic variation in the TMPRSS2, furin or ACE2 gene can be used to predict viral respiratory infection symptom severity.
  • a genetic variation in the TMPRSS2, furin or ACE2 gene can be used to predict if a patient with viral respiratory infection will need a ventilator or a respirator.
  • a genetic variation in a genetic variation in the TMPRSS2, furin or ACE2 gene can be used to predict SARS-CoV-2 mortality.
  • a genetic variation in a genetic variation in the TMPRSS2, furin or ACE2 gene can be used to predict SARS-CoV-2 symptom severity.
  • a genetic variation in a genetic variation in the TMPRSS2, furin or ACE2 gene can be used to predict a SARS-CoV-2 infected patient’s need for a ventilator or a respirator.
  • a genetic variation in the TMPRSS2, furin or ACE2 gene is used as a predictor of anti-androgen treatment response for viral respiratory infection. In certain embodiments, a genetic variation in the TMPRSS2, furin or ACE2 gene is used to guide selection of the appropriate anti-androgen treatment for viral respiratory infection. In certain embodiments, a genetic variation in the TMPRSS2, furin or ACE2 gene is used as a predictor of anti-androgen treatment response for SARS-CoV-2. In certain embodiments, a genetic variation in the TMPRSS2, furin or ACE2 gene is used to guide selection of the appropriate anti-androgen treatment for SARS-CoV-2. In certain embodiments, a genetic variation in the TMPRSS2, furin or ACE2 gene is used to guide dosage selection of the appropriate anti-androgen treatment for SARS-CoV-2.
  • a genetic variation in the AR gene and either the TMPRSS2, furin or ACE2 gene is used as a predictor of anti-androgen treatment response for viral respiratory infection.
  • a genetic variation in the AR gene and either the TMPRSS2, furin or ACE2 gene is used to guide selection of the appropriate anti androgen treatment for viral respiratory infection.
  • a genetic variation in the AR gene and either the TMPRSS2, furin or ACE2 gene is used as a predictor of anti- androgen treatment response for SARS-CoV-2.
  • a genetic variation in the AR gene and either the TMPRSS2, furin or ACE2 gene is used to guide selection of the appropriate anti-androgen treatment for SARS-CoV-2.
  • a genetic variation in the AR gene and either the TMPRSS2, furin or ACE2 gene is used to guide dosage selection of the appropriate anti-androgen treatment for SARS-CoV-2.
  • the number of CAG repeats in the first exon of the AR gene is used as a genetic variant.
  • the variants in the promoter region of the AR are used as a genetic variant.
  • a shorter CAG repeat (compared to normal) may predispose patients to more severe viral respiratory infections.
  • a shorter CAG repeat (compared to normal) may predispose patients to more severe infection for COVID-19.
  • the length of the CAG repeat determines anti-androgen dosing for the treatment of viral respiratory infections.
  • the methods of treatment are used to treat a patient with or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • the method of treatment for a patient or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection comprises administering an anti-androgen to the patient with an anti-thyroid medication, a TR inhibitor, a TGF-b ⁇ or a combination thereof.
  • the method of treatment for a patient with or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection comprises administering an anti-androgen to the patient with a furin inhibitor.
  • the method of treatment for a patient with or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection comprises administering an anti-androgen to the patient with a TGF-b ⁇ .
  • the method of treatment for a patient with or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection comprises administering an anti-androgen to the patient with a TR antagonist.
  • the method of treatment for a patient with or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection comprises administering an anti-androgen to the patient with an anti-thyroid medication.
  • the method of treatment for a patient with or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection comprises administering a TGF-b ⁇ to the patient.
  • the method of treatment is administered to a patient with or at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection, wherein the patient also suffers from prostate cancer and wherein the patient is administered a TGF-b ⁇ .
  • the method of treatment for a patient with or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection comprises administering a TR antagonist to the patient.
  • the method of treatment is administered to a patient with or at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection, wherein the patient also suffers from prostate cancer and wherein the patient is administered a TR antagonist.
  • the method of treatment for a patient with or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection comprises administering an anti-thyroid medication (i.e., a medication that lowers T3 or T4) to the patient.
  • an anti-thyroid medication i.e., a medication that lowers T3 or T4
  • the method of treatment is administered to a patient with or at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection, wherein the patient also suffers from prostate cancer and wherein the patient is administered an anti-thyroid medication.
  • the method of treatment for a patient with or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection comprises administering a TGF-b ⁇ and an RXR antagonist to the patient.
  • the method of treatment for a patient with or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection comprises administering a TR antagonist and an RXR antagonist to the patient.
  • the method of treatment for a patient with or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection comprises administering an anti-thyroid medication and an RXR antagonist to the patient.
  • the method of treatment for a patient with or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection comprises administering an RXR antagonist.
  • the method of treatment for a patient with or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection comprises administering an agent that counters the effect of androgens such as sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) stimulators.
  • the method further comprises administering sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) stimulators with an anti-thyroid medication, a TR inhibitor, a TGF-b ⁇ or any combination thereof.
  • the agents or components can be present in percent amounts ranging from 0% to 100%.
  • the method of treatment for a patient with or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection comprises administering antigonadotropins.
  • the method further comprises administering antigonadotropins with an anti-thyroid medication, a TR antagonist, a TGF-b ⁇ or any combination thereof.
  • the method of treatment can involve administration of a composition that includes an antigonadotropin as an ingredient of the composition.
  • the antigonadotropin can be present in percent amounts ranging from 0% to 100%.
  • the word antigonadotropin includes Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists (GnRH antagonists).
  • GnRH antagonists Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists
  • the method of treatment for a patient with or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection comprises administering a mineralocorticoid or a glucocorticoid (anticorticotropins) that suppresses androgen production in the adrenal gland.
  • the method further comprises administering a mineralocorticoid or a glucocorticoid with an anti-thyroid medication, a TR antagonist, a TGF-b ⁇ or any combination thereof.
  • the method of treatment can involve administration of a composition that includes a mineralocorticoid and/or a glucocorticoid as an ingredient of the composition.
  • the mineralocorticoid and/or a glucocorticoid can be present in percent amounts ranging from 0% to 100%.
  • the method of treatment for a patient with or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection comprises administering an insulin sensitizing medication such as metformin.
  • the method further comprises administering an insulin sensitizing medication with an anti-thyroid medication, a TR antagonist, a TGF-b ⁇ or any combination thereof.
  • the method of treatment can involve administration of a composition that includes an insulin sensitizing medication as an ingredient of the composition.
  • the insulin sensitizing medication can be present in percent amounts ranging from 0% to 100%.
  • the method of treatment for a patient with or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection comprises administering a vaccine or immunogens against androstenedione to reduce the level of testosterone and estrogen in the patient, wherein the immunogens include ovandrotone albumin, androstenedione albumin or a combination thereof.
  • the method further comprises administering a vaccine or immunogen with an anti-thyroid medication, a TR antagonist, a TGF-b ⁇ or any combination thereof.
  • the method of treatment can involve administration of a composition that includes said vaccine or immunogen as an ingredient of the composition.
  • the vaccine or immunogen can be present in percent amounts ranging from 0% to 100%.
  • the method of treatment for a patient with or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection comprises administering an anti-androgen, wherein the anti-androgen is used as a prophylactic treatment for a viral respiratory infection with an anti-thyroid medication, a TR antagonist a TGF-b ⁇ or a combination thereof.
  • the methods of treatment for a patient with or a patient at risk of developing a viral infection comprise administering an anti-androgen, wherein the anti-androgen is used as a prophylactic treatment for a SARS-CoV-2 infection with an anti-thyroid medication, a TR antagonist, a TGF-b ⁇ or a combination thereof.
  • RNA interference is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation, by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules. RNAi selectively knocks down target genes. RNAi can also mean other names, including co-suppression, post- transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), siRNA, quelling, or gene knock-down.
  • RNAi is used to knock down the AR.
  • RNAi is used to knock down the AR in type II pneumocytes.
  • RNAi is used to knock down the TMPRSS2.
  • RNAi is used to knock down the TMPRSS2 in type II pneumocytes.
  • RNAi is used to knock down ACE2.
  • the RNAi treatment is inhaled in another embodiment the RNAi treatment is administered (e.g., via injection).
  • the RNAI treatment is used to treat upper respiratory disease or any viral infection disclosed herein (e.g., coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and rhinoviruses).
  • a small-interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against androgen receptor (AR) is administered.
  • a small-interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against TMPRSS2 is administered.
  • a small-interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against ACE2 is administered.
  • anti-AR siRNA for example, SXL01
  • the siRNAs bind to AR mRNAs, which may result in the inhibition of translation of the AR protein and by preventing AR expression, AR-mediated signaling is decreased, which leads to inhibition of TMPRSS2 or ACE2.
  • anti-AR siRNA for example, SXL01
  • is administered e.g., inhaled to treat any viral infection disclosed herein (e.g., coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS- CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and rhinoviruses).
  • anti-AR siRNA for example, SXL01
  • use of an anti-androgen for treatment can mean a treatment that promotes the production of estrogen.
  • use of estrogen is the treatment.
  • drugs that promote the production of estrogen include, but are not limited to, estrogen, estradiol, Premarin (conjugated estrogens), medroxyprogesterone acetate, Provera, medroxyprogesterone, Vivelle-Dot (estradiol patch).
  • degarelix can be used in the method of treatment and/or prophylactic treatment.
  • degarelix can be administered for a predetermined period of time (e.g., 1 week, 2, weeks, 1 month, 2 months, etc.).
  • the administration of degarelix can be in single or multiple doses per day over the predetermined time period.
  • the administration of degarelix can involve a 240 mg dose comprising a first injection of 120 mg and a second injection of 120 mg every 24 hours. This first and second injection routine can be administered for 1 month.
  • the administration of degarelix can be for treatment and/or prophylactic use before, during, and/or after a patient is first diagnosed with the viral respiratory infection and/or before, during, and/or after a patient is hospitalized due to the viral respiratory infection.
  • an anti-androgen is used as a prophylactic treatment for viral respiratory infection.
  • an anti-androgen is prescribed to a patient believed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 as a prophylactic for viral respiratory infection, i.e. severe SARS-CoV-2 disease.
  • an anti-androgen is prescribed to a patient to prevent COVID disease symptoms from developing.
  • apalutamide is prescribed to patients who are diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection but have yet to demonstrate symptoms.
  • hospitalization rates of populations given an anti-androgen or a placebo at early diagnosis SARS-CoV-2 can be used as a clinical endpoint for determining the efficacy of an anti-androgen for preventing the progression of SARS-CoV-2 disease. It is specifically envisioned that hospitalization rates of populations given apalutamide or a placebo at early diagnosis SARS-CoV-2 can be used as a clinical endpoint for determining the efficacy of apalutamide for preventing the progression of SARS-CoV-2 disease.
  • dutasteride (Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3- oxo-4-aza-5a-androst-l-ene-17P-carboxamide) is used as treatment for SARS-CoV-2 .
  • dutasteride can be administered orally.
  • the dutasteride is used as a prophylactic treatment for SARS-CoV-2.
  • the treatment can involve administration of dutasteride ranging from 0.1 mg/day to 1.0 mg/day.
  • the treatment can involve administration of dutasteride before being exposed to the viral respiratory infection. This can include administration of dutasteride at any time before being exposed to the viral respiratory infection up to and including 30 days prior to being exposed.
  • a genetic variation in the AR gene is used as a predictor of anti-androgen treatment response for viral respiratory infection. In certain embodiments, a genetic variation in the AR gene is used to guide selection of the appropriate anti-androgen treatment for viral respiratory infection. In certain embodiments, a genetic variation in the AR gene is used as a predictor of anti-androgen treatment response for SARS-CoV-2. In certain embodiments, a genetic variation in the AR gene is used to guide selection of the appropriate anti-androgen treatment for SARS-CoV-2. In certain embodiments, a genetic variation in the AR gene is used to guide dosage selection of the appropriate anti-androgen treatment for SARS-CoV-2.
  • the various treatment methods for patients with or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection described above may also be used to treat patients with or at risk of developing other viral respiratory infections, wherein the other viral infections include, but are not limited to, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, MERS- CoV and rhinoviruses.
  • the components of the treatment methods can be administered by inhalation, orally, nasally, or by injection.
  • the treatments can be administered by vaping.
  • the treatments can be administered systemically via intravenous injection, or subcutaneous injection.
  • the treatments are administered topically.
  • the composition administered to a patient having or suspected of having a viral respiratory infection includes any one or combination of: an androgen receptor antagonists or anti-androgen; an androgen synthesis inhibitor; an agent that counters the effect of androgens; a globulin (SHBG) stimulator; an antigonadotropin; a mineralocorticoid to suppress androgen production in the adrenal gland; a glucocorticoid to suppress androgen production in the adrenal gland; an insulin sensitizing medication; and a vaccine or an immunogen against androstenedione that reduces the level of testosterone or increases estrogen levels.
  • an androgen receptor antagonists or anti-androgen includes any one or combination of: an androgen receptor antagonists or anti-androgen; an androgen synthesis inhibitor; an agent that counters the effect of androgens; a globulin (SHBG) stimulator; an antigonadotropin; a mineralocorticoid to suppress androgen production in the adrenal gland; a
  • the composition is used as a treatment of the viral respiratory infection, a therapy for the viral respiratory infection, a prophylactic for the viral respiratory infection, a preventive measure for contracting the viral respiratory infection, a diagnosis of a type of viral respiratory infection, a prediction for respiratory disease severity of the viral respiratory infection, a prediction for determining an effective treatment or prophylactic composition, and/or a prediction for determining an effective administration dosage of the composition for use as a treatment or prophylactic.
  • a composition including an anti-androgen is used to treat patients with any one or combination of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer, castration-resistant prostate cancer, metastatic castration- sensitive prostate cancer, or non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
  • BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia
  • prostate cancer castration-resistant prostate cancer
  • metastatic castration- sensitive prostate cancer metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer
  • non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer any one or combination of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer, castration-resistant prostate cancer, metastatic castration- sensitive prostate cancer, or non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
  • the composition including an anti-androgen can be used to treat patients with any viral infection disclosed herein (e.g., coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and rhinoviruses) and/or any one or combination of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer, castration-resistant prostate cancer, metastatic castration- sensitive prostate cancer, or non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
  • any viral infection disclosed herein e.g., coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and rhinoviruses
  • BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia
  • prostate cancer castration-resistant prostate cancer
  • metastatic castration- sensitive prostate cancer metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer
  • non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer e.g., metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
  • the composition is used to treat a patient with or a patient at risk of developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection comprising an anti-androgen with an anti-thyroid medication, a TR antagonist, a TGF-b ⁇ or a combination thereof, wherein the composition may be formulated with a carrier or delivery vehicle.
  • the composition is formulated with a carrier or delivery vehicle optimized for delivery to the lung.
  • the composition is formulated to alter androgen receptor function and subsequently downstream genes under regulatory control of the androgen receptor.
  • the composition is formulated to block the production of proteins in the lung so as to alter viral entry into cells or to bolster host immunity.
  • the administration of the composition involves any one or combination of topical application to the skin, nasal application, oral application, via injection, via inhalation, or ocular application.
  • the composition is formulated to facilitate administration of the composition topically to the skin, nasally, sub-lingually orally, by injection, via inhalation, or ocular application.
  • composition is further formulated for use as a treatment for prostate cancer, castration-resistant prostate cancer, metastatic castration- sensitive prostate cancer, non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and/or benign prostatic hyperplasia.
  • the composition is used as a treatment for prostate cancer, castration-resistant prostate cancer, metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer, non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and/or benign prostatic hyperplasia.
  • the composition comprises an anti-androgen.
  • the composition comprises an anti -thyroid medication.
  • the composition comprises a TGF-b ⁇ .
  • the composition comprises a TR antagonist.
  • the composition comprises a furin inhibitor.
  • the composition further comprises a RXR antagonist.
  • the composition further comprises agents that counter the effect of androgens such as sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) stimulators.
  • SHBG sex hormone-binding globulin
  • the composition further comprises an antigonadotropin.
  • the composition further comprises a vaccine or immunogens against androstenedione.
  • compositions disclosed herein can include other ingredients (e.g., carrier agents) to facilitate use or administration of the composition via injection, oral administration, nasal administration, topological administration, etc.
  • a composition can include a carrier or delivery vehicle optimized for delivery of the composition to the lung.
  • a composition can be formulated to be released using several different formulations or release methods including time release, creams, ointments, sprays, capsules, or other release methods.
  • Capsules or vehicles that encapsulate the composition can include, but are not limited to, liposomes, non-ionic liposomes, niosomes, novasome I, erythromycin-Zn complex, microspheres, nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions. In some embodiments, this can include a gel or foam.
  • the composition comprises an anti-androgen with an anti-thyroid medication, a TR antagonist, a TGF-b ⁇ or a combination thereof, wherein the composition is formulated to be administered orally.
  • the composition comprises an anti-androgen with an anti-thyroid medication, a TR antagonist, a TGF-b ⁇ or a combination thereof, wherein the composition is formulated to be administered nasally.
  • the composition comprises an anti-androgen with an anti-thyroid medication, a TR antagonist, a TGF-b ⁇ or a combination thereof, wherein the composition is formulated to be administered by inhalation.
  • the composition comprises an anti-androgen with an anti-thyroid medication, a TR antagonist, a TGF-b ⁇ or a combination thereof, wherein the composition is formulated to be administered topically via the skin.
  • the composition comprises an anti-androgen with an anti-thyroid medication, a TR antagonist, a TGF-b ⁇ or a combination thereof, wherein the composition is formulated to be administered intramuscularly or intravenously.
  • compositions may be administered routinely, e.g., once daily, twice daily, every other day, once a week.
  • the uses e.g., treatment, therapy, prophylactic treatment, prevention, diagnosis, prediction, selection of a drug, selection of a dosage, etc.
  • the uses of the composition can be administered by inhalation, oral, nasal, injection, topological application, ocular application, etc.
  • the uses of the composition can involve being administered by nebulization or vaping.
  • the uses can involve being administered systemically in oral, intravenous injection, subcutaneous injection.
  • the uses can involve being administered topically.
  • a therapy involving the use of a composition is delivered as a topical ocular solution, i.e., eye drop, spray, solution, lotion, gel, ointment.
  • a topically applied ocular anti-androgen solution is used as a prophylactic treatment against any viral infection disclosed herein (e.g., coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and rhinoviruses).
  • any viral infection disclosed herein e.g., coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and rhinoviruses.
  • a topically applied ocular anti-androgen solution is used as a prophylactic treatment against any viral infection disclosed herein (e.g., coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and rhinoviruses).
  • the anti-androgen can be applied every 1 hr, 2hrs, 4 hrs, 8 hrs, 12 hrs, once per day, twice daily, three times a day or every other day.
  • a topically applied ocular anti-androgen solution is used as a treatment against any viral infection disclosed herein (e.g., coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS- CoV and rhinoviruses).
  • any viral infection disclosed herein e.g., coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS- CoV and rhinoviruses.
  • a topically applied ocular anti-androgen solution is used as a treatment against any viral infection disclosed herein (e.g., coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS- CoV and rhinoviruses) and benign prostatic hyperplasia and/or androgenetic alopecia.
  • any viral infection disclosed herein e.g., coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS- CoV and rhinoviruses
  • benign prostatic hyperplasia and/or androgenetic alopecia e.g., coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS- CoV and rhinoviruses
  • a topically applied ocular anti-androgen solution is used as a treatment against any viral infection disclosed herein (e.g., coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS- CoV and rhinoviruses) and hirsutism.
  • any viral infection disclosed herein e.g., coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS- CoV and rhinoviruses
  • a topically applied ocular anti-androgen solution is used as a treatment against any viral infection disclosed herein (e.g., coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS- CoV and rhinoviruses) and polycystic ovary syndrome.
  • any viral infection disclosed herein e.g., coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS- CoV and rhinoviruses
  • polycystic ovary syndrome e.g., coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS- CoV and rhinoviruses
  • any of the ingredients disclosed herein can be used in combination with any one or combination of other ingredients (e.g., an anti-androgen can be used with an agent that counters the effect of androgens, an antigonadotropin can be used with a mineralocorticoid, an insulin sensitizing medication can be used with an anti androgen and a mineralocorticoid, etc.).
  • an anti-androgen can be used with an agent that counters the effect of androgens
  • an antigonadotropin can be used with a mineralocorticoid
  • an insulin sensitizing medication can be used with an anti androgen and a mineralocorticoid, etc.
  • a reference to a composition can (to the extent it is not impossible to do so) include a single composition, a combination of compositions, and/or a combination of a composition with another ingredient.
  • a reference to a use of a composition can (to the extent it is not impossible to do so) involve use of any one or combination of uses (e.g., treatment, therapy, prophylactic treatment, prevention, diagnosis, prediction, selection of a drug, selection of a dosage, etc.).
  • a reference to an administration of a composition can (to the extent it is not impossible to do so) involve any one or combination of administrations (e.g., inhalation, oral, nasal, injection, topological application, ocular application, etc.).
  • an anti-androgen formulated with a carrier or delivery vehicle optimized for delivery of the anti-androgen treatment to the lung.
  • An anti-androgen can be released using several different formulations or release methods including time release, creams, ointments, sprays, capsules, or other release methods.
  • Capsules or vehicles that encapsulate the anti-androgen can include, but are not limited to, liposomes, non-ionic liposomes, niosomes, novasome I, erythromycin-Zn complex, microspheres, nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions. In some embodiments, this can include a gel or foam.
  • the anti-androgen is combined with an anti inflammatory agent, such as an NSAID.
  • the anti-androgen is combined with an anti bacterial agent, such as an azithromycin.
  • the anti-androgen is combined with aspartame.
  • the anti-androgen treatment is administered orally.
  • the anti-androgen treatment is administered nasally.
  • the anti-androgen treatment is administered by inhalation.
  • the anti-androgen treatment is administered topically via the skin.
  • the anti-androgen treatment is administered intramuscularly or intravenously.
  • compositions used for treating, preventing, and diagnosing viral infection in amounts ranging from 1-500 mgs.
  • compositions can be used routinely, e.g., once daily, twice daily, every other day, once a week.
  • a kit containing a DNA sample collection tool is envisioned.
  • the genetic sample can be obtained by buccal swab, saliva, blood, or tissue samples.
  • the genetic sample can also be obtained from a plucked hair sample.
  • a kit is disclosed for detecting COVID-19 androgen sensitivity; the kit is an in-vitro diagnostic medical device intended to identify polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene.
  • the kit includes a collection device (buccal swab) and a DNA diagnostic assay (laboratory based). DNA samples are collected from a patient and mailed to a laboratory for processing.
  • the present invention comprises a kit that includes a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sample collection unit configured to obtain a genetic sample via buccal swab, saliva sample, blood sample, tissue sample, and/or hair sample; a viral respiratory infection sensitivity unit configured to identify polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene; and a DNA diagnostic assay.
  • DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
  • any of the compositions disclosed herein can be used as a treatment for a viral respiratory infection and/or a prophylactic for a viral respiratory infection.
  • the viral respiratory infection can include any one or combination of coronavirus, influenza, influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and rhinoviruses.
  • Any of the compositions can be used as a treatment and/or a prophylactic before, during, and/or after a patient is first diagnosed with the viral respiratory infection and/or before, during, and/or after a patient is hospitalized due to the viral respiratory infection.
  • efficacy of treatment to treat or prevent viral respiratory infection can be categorized via patient conditions related to: being discharged from the hospital, being hospitalized, being admitted to and intensive care unit (ICU), or dying as a result of the viral respiratory infection. Efficacy may also be determined by the hospitalization rates of populations given an anti-androgen or a placebo at early diagnosis of COVID-19.
  • ICU intensive care unit
  • Example 1 In-vitro Diagnostic Test to Predict COVID-19 Mortality and Disease Severity.
  • COVID-19 Androgen Sensitivity Test is a non-invasive In-Vitro
  • the COVID-19 Androgen Sensitivity Test requires a health care professional to collect a DNA sample using an FDA cleared DNA sample collection kit.
  • the sample collection kit is an ORAcollectDx OCD- 100A device manufactured by DNA Genotek, Inc (previously cleared under K152464).
  • the COVID-19 Androgen Sensitivity Test is intended to be performed at a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) certified laboratory.
  • the reagents used in performing the COVID-19 Androgen Sensitivity Test are manufactured in a GMP facility. COVID-19 Androgen Sensitivity Test reports the results of the DNA genotyping.
  • the trial study can be a multi-center study.
  • the study may be conducted in at least 2 countries - Spain and the US. It is contemplated for the protocol disclosed herein to be followed without deviation in each country. It is contemplated for there to be a minimum of 2 separate sites and 2 separate Pis (if not deviating from the protocol then there will be a minimum of 2 separate sites and 2 separate Pis).
  • the study should be approved by an IRB and in the other countries by the appropriate Ethics Committees (if not deviating from the protocol then the study will be approved by an IRB in the US and by the appropriate Ethics Committees in other countries).
  • the population for this study can be subjects recruited from each site
  • Subjects can be males requesting a SARS-CoV-2 test following respiratory symptoms (if not deviating from the protocol then the subjects will be males requesting a SARS-CoV-2 test following respiratory symptoms).
  • Subjects can be males 18 years and older of any ethnicity (if not deviating from the protocol then the subjects will be males 18 years and older of any ethnicity).
  • the primary purpose of the study can be to determine the predictive value of the CoVAST Test (if not deviating from the protocol then the primary purpose of the study will be to determine the predictive value of the CoVAST Test).
  • the predictive value can be calculated based on the positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement of the CoVAST Test (if not deviating from the protocol then the predictive value will be calculated based on the positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement of the CoVAST Test).
  • the results can be presented in 2x2 tables (if not deviating from the protocol then the results will be presented in 2x2 tables).
  • Severity of Disease discharged, hospitalization, admission to intensive care unit [ICU], or death [Baseline, Day 7, Day 14, Day 21, Day 28]
  • the study can be (or will be) a prospective cross-sectional observational study.
  • the study can (or will) have 2 arms:
  • Arm 1 Males first tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at the site (hospital) with CAG length ⁇ 24 (based on the CoVAST Test)
  • the protocol can (or will) be followed in each country. There can (or will) be a minimum of 2 separate sites and 2 separate Pis. In the US, the study can (or will) be approved by an IRB and in the other countries by the appropriate Ethics Committees.
  • the study can (or will) be conducted at the site(s) listed herein i.e., the Pi’s hospital. All data collection including sample collection can (or will) be performed at the site.
  • the PI can (or will) screen each potential subject for the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
  • Study Phase lb Enrollment (first site visit)
  • Each qualified subject can (or will) complete and sign the informed consent form.
  • Each subject can (or will) be assigned a subject study number.
  • the PI can (or will) collect the saliva DNA sample using the CoVAST Test Sample Collection Kit.
  • the sample collection can (or will) be performed in accordance with IFU for the collection kit.
  • the sample collection kit can (or will) be sent to the hospital laboratory.
  • the hospital laboratory can (or will) extract the DNA from the sample collection kit utilizing the DNA extraction kit provided with the CoVAST Test kit.
  • the laboratory can (or will) ship the extracted DNA to the CLIA laboratory.
  • the PI or PI assistant can (or will) record the subject’s severity of disease. 2. All information can (or will) be recorded in the appropriate CRF.
  • Clinical assessment of disease severity can (or will) be made by attending physician and reported to the PI or PI assistant.
  • Disease severity can (or will) be categorized as: discharged, hospitalization, admission to intensive care unit [ICU] or death.
  • the timing to complete the assessment of efficacy can (or will) be at Baseline, Day 7, Day 14, Day 21 and Day 28. After baseline assessment, the additional assessment can be performed by computerized hospital record search by the PI or PI assistant.
  • COVID Ordinal Outcomes Scale on Day 15 [Time Frame: assessed on study day 15] The COVID Ordinal Scale for all patients can (or will) be determined on study day 15.
  • COVID Ordinal Scale can (or will) be defined as: a. Death b. Hospitalized on invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO ( extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) c. Hospitalized on non-invasive ventilation or high flow nasal cannula d. Hospitalized on supplemental oxygen e. Hospitalized not on supplemental oxygen f. Not hospitalized with limitation in activity (continued symptoms) g. Not hospitalized without limitation in activity (no symptoms)
  • COVID Ordinal Outcomes Scale on Study Day 8 [Time Frame: assessed on study day 8] COVID Ordinal Scale can (or will) be determined on study day 8.
  • Example 2 A double-blinded placebo controlled study was conducted on 97 male and female health care workers working at two hospital emergency room departments.
  • Example 3 A double-blinded placebo controlled study was conducted on 28 male health care workers working at two hospital emergency room departments.
  • Example 4 A double-blinded placebo controlled study was conducted on 30 hospitalized male patients with average age of 61 years old.
  • Example 5 A double-blinded placebo controlled study was conducted on 121 male health care workers working at two hospital emergency room departments.
  • Example 6 A double-blinded placebo controlled study was conducted on 400 male patients with average age of 43.2 years old. [00224] Patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection but were showing relatively mild symptoms. Patients were prescribed apalutamide 60 mg or a placebo and instructed to take 4 tablets daily. Patients were instructed to go home but return to the hospital if symptoms became worse.
  • COVID-19 Diagnosis COVID-19 positive diagnosis is defined as subject exhibiting symptoms of acute respiratory infection, defined as one or more of the following cough, fever (> 37.5° C / 99.5° F), shortness of breath, sore throat, and a positive SARS-CoV-2 rtPCR test 2.
  • COVID-19 Hospitalization defined as confirmed hospitalization due to COVID-19, and 3.
  • Symptoms Severity of COVID-19 defined as symptoms severity of COVID-19 using Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale (BCRSS).
  • Example 7 A double-blinded placebo controlled study was conducted on 113 hospitalized male patients with average age of 57 years old.
  • Example 8 A double-blinded placebo controlled study was conducted on 340 male patients with average age of 39.2 years old.
  • SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis SARS- CoV-2 positive diagnosis is defined as subject exhibiting symptoms of acute respiratory infection, defined as one or more of the following cough, fever (> 37.5° C / 99.5° F), shortness of breath, sore throat, and a positive SARS-CoV-2 rtPCR test 2.
  • SARS-CoV-2 Hospitalization defined as confirmed hospitalization due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 3.
  • Symptoms Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection defined as symptoms severity of COVID-19 using Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale (BCRSS).
  • Example 9 A double-blinded placebo controlled study was conducted on 200 male patients with average age of 42.3 years old.
  • Patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection but were showing relatively mild symptoms. Patients were divided into one of two arms. Each group received tablets of enzalutamide (40 mg) and instructed to take 4 tablets daily. One arm received galunisertib while the other arm received a placebo and both were instructed to take 1 tablet daily. Patients were instructed to go home but return to the hospital if symptoms became worse.
  • SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis SARS-CoV-2 positive diagnosis is defined as subject exhibiting symptoms of acute respiratory infection, defined as one or more of the following cough, fever (> 37.5° C / 99.5° F), shortness of breath, sore throat, and a positive SARS-CoV-2 rtPCR test 2.
  • SARS-CoV-2 Hospitalization defined as confirmed hospitalization due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 3.
  • Symptoms Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection defined as symptoms severity of COVID-19 using Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale (BCRSS).
  • Example 10 A double-blinded placebo controlled study was conducted on 176 male patients with average age of 60.3 years old.
  • Patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection but were showing relatively mild symptoms. Patients were divided into one of two arms. Each group received tablets of bicalutamide (50 mg) and instructed to take 1 tablet daily. One arm received vactosertib while the other arm received a placebo and both arms were instructed to take 1 tablet daily. Patients were instructed to go home but return to the hospital if symptoms became worse.
  • SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis SARS- CoV-2 positive diagnosis is defined as subject exhibiting symptoms of acute respiratory infection, defined as one or more of the following cough, fever (> 37.5° C / 99.5° F), shortness of breath, sore throat, and a positive SARS-CoV-2 rtPCR test 2.
  • SARS-CoV-2 Hospitalization defined as confirmed hospitalization due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 3.
  • Symptoms Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection defined as symptoms severity of COVID-19 using Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale (BCRSS).
  • Example 11 A controlled study was conducted on 140 male patients with average age of 42.6 years old. Patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection but were showing relatively mild symptoms. Patients were divided into one of two arms. All subjects received a subcutaneous injection of degarelix (120 mg) at the start of the trial. The treatment group were instructed to take trabedersen daily, the control arm received standard care. Patients were instructed to go home but return to the hospital if symptoms became worse.
  • SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis SARS-CoV-2 positive diagnosis is defined as subject exhibiting symptoms of acute respiratory infection, defined as one or more of the following cough, fever (> 37.5° C / 99.5° F), shortness of breath, sore throat, and a positive SARS-CoV-2 rtPCR test 2.
  • SARS-CoV-2 Hospitalization defined as confirmed hospitalization due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 3.
  • Symptoms Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection defined as symptoms severity of COVID-19 using Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale (BCRSS).
  • Example 12 A double-blinded placebo controlled study was conducted on 25 male patients admitted to the hospital for complication resulting from flu with average age of 68.4 years old. Patients were diagnosed with Influenza A infection. Patients were divided into one of two arms. Each group received 1 tablet of bicalutamide (50 mg) daily. The treatment group also received methimazole tablets and were instructed to take them at the same time of day as the biclalutamide. Patient progress was monitored by primary care physician. Efficacy parameters were defined as 1.) time to alleviation of fever 2.) mortality and length of hospital stay 3.) change in virus titer 48 hours after hospital admission.
  • Example 13 A double-blinded placebo controlled study was conducted on 36 male health care workers working at two hospital emergency room departments.
  • Example 14 Treatment of male patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections with 0.5mg dutasteride daily or 5.0mg finasteride daily.
  • Example 15 In-vitro Diagnostic Test to Guide Androgen Deprivation Therapy Dosage for COVID-19 Patients
  • COVID-19 Androgen Deprivation Therapy Dosage Selector is a non-invasive In-Vitro Diagnostic device that utilizes qualitative DNA genotyping.
  • CoADTS test requires a health care professional to collect a DNA sample using an FDA cleared DNA sample collection kit.
  • the sample collection kit is an ORAcollectDx OCD-IOOA device manufactured by DNA Genotek, Inc (previously cleared under K152464).
  • CoADTS test is intended to be performed at a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) certified laboratory.
  • CLIA Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments
  • the reagents used in performing the CoADTS test are manufactured in a GMP facility.
  • CoADTS test reports the results of the DNA genotyping.
  • the population for this study will be subjects recruited from each site (hospital). [00255] Subjects will be males requesting a SARS-CoV-2 test following respiratory symptoms.
  • Subjects will be males 18 years and older of any ethnicity.
  • the primary purpose of this study is to determine the predictive value of the CoADTS Test.
  • the predictive value will be calculated based on the positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement of the CoADTS Test.
  • the results will be presented in 2x2 tables.
  • This study is a prospective cross-sectional observational study. The study will have 4 arms:
  • Arm 1 Males first tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at the site (hospital) with CAG length ⁇ 24 (based on the CoADTS Test) and TMPRSS2 SNP (rs8134378) positive (G)
  • Arm 3 Males first tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at the site (hospital) with CAG length ⁇ 24 (based on the CoADTS Test) and TMPRSS2 SNP (rs8134378) negative (A)
  • the PI will collect the saliva DNA sample using the CoADTS Test Sample Collection Kit.
  • the sample collection will be performed in accordance with IFU for the collection kit.
  • the sample collection kit will be sent to the hospital laboratory.
  • the hospital laboratory will extract the DNA from the sample collection kit utilizing the DNA extraction kit provided with the CoADTS Test kit.
  • the laboratory will ship the extracted DNA to the CLIA laboratory
  • the PI or PI assistant will record the subject’s severity of disease
  • Clinical assessment of disease severity will be made by attending physician and reported to the PI or PI assistant. Disease severity will be categorized as: discharged, hospitalization, admission to intensive care unit [ICU] or and death.
  • Example 16 A controlled study was conducted on 100 male patients with average age of 48.3 years old. Patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection but were showing relatively mild symptoms. Patients were divided into one of two arms. The treatment arm was prescribed bicalutamide (50 mg) once daily at the start of the trial, the control arm received standard care. Patients were instructed to go home but return to the hospital if symptoms became worse.
  • COVID-19 Diagnosis COVID-19 positive diagnosis were defined as subject exhibiting symptoms of acute respiratory infection, defined as one or more of the following cough, fever (> 37.5° C / 99.5° F), shortness of breath, sore throat, and a positive SARS-CoV-2 rtPCR test 2.
  • COVID- 19 Hospitalization was defined as confirmed hospitalization due to COVID-19, and 3.
  • Symptoms Severity of COVID-19 was defined as symptoms severity of COVID-19 using Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale (BCRSS).
  • BCRSS Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale
  • Example 17 A controlled study was conducted on 40 male patients with average age of 41.6 years old. Patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection but were showing relatively mild symptoms. Patients were divided into one of two arms. The treatment arm was prescribed darolutamide (300 mg) orally twice daily at the start of the trial, the control arm received standard care. Patients were instructed to go home but return to the hospital if symptoms became worse.
  • COVID-19 Diagnosis COVID-19 positive diagnosis was defined as subject exhibiting symptoms of acute respiratory infection, defined as one or more of the following cough, fever (> 37.5° C / 99.5° F), shortness of breath, sore throat, and a positive SARS-CoV-2 rtPCR test 2.
  • COVID- 19 Hospitalization was defined as confirmed hospitalization due to COVID-19, and 3.
  • Symptoms Severity of COVID-19 was defined as symptoms severity of COVID-19 using Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale (BCRSS).
  • BCRSS Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale
  • Example 18 A controlled study was conducted on 150 male patients with average age of 45.7 years old. Patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection but were showing relatively mild symptoms. Patients were divided into one of two arms. The treatment arm was prescribed abiraterone (500 mg) twice daily at the start of the trial, the control arm received standard care. Patients were instructed to go home but return to the hospital if symptoms became worse.
  • COVID-19 Diagnosis COVID-19 positive diagnosis was defined as subject exhibiting symptoms of acute respiratory infection, defined as one or more of the following cough, fever (> 37.5° C / 99.5° F), shortness of breath, sore throat, and a positive SARS-CoV-2 rtPCR test 2.
  • COVID- 19 Hospitalization was defined as confirmed hospitalization due to COVID-19, and 3.
  • Symptoms Severity of COVID-19 was defined as symptoms severity of COVID-19 using Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale (BCRSS).
  • BCRSS Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale
  • Example 19 A controlled study was conducted on 90 male patients with average age of 51 years old. Patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection but were showing relatively mild symptoms. Patients were divided into one of two arms. The treatment arm was prescribed nilutamide (300 mg) orally once daily at the start of the trial, the control arm received standard care. Patients were instructed to go home but return to the hospital if symptoms became worse.
  • COVID-19 Diagnosis COVID-19 positive diagnosis was defined as subject exhibiting symptoms of acute respiratory infection, defined as one or more of the following cough, fever (> 37.5° C / 99.5° F), shortness of breath, sore throat, and a positive SARS-CoV-2 rtPCR test 2.
  • COVID- 19 Hospitalization was defined as confirmed hospitalization due to COVID-19, and 3.
  • Symptoms Severity of COVID-19 defined as symptoms severity of COVID-19 using Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale (BCRSS).
  • BCRSS Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale
  • Example 20 A controlled study was conducted on 16 male patients with average age of 64 years old. Patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection but were showing relatively mild symptoms. Patients were divided into one of two arms. The treatment arm received docetaxel 75 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour at the start of the trial, the control arm received standard care. Patients were instructed to go home but return to the hospital if symptoms became worse.
  • COVID-19 Diagnosis COVID-19 positive diagnosis was defined as subject exhibiting symptoms of acute respiratory infection, defined as one or more of the following cough, fever (> 37.5° C / 99.5° F), shortness of breath, sore throat, and a positive SARS-CoV-2 rtPCR test 2.
  • COVID-19 Hospitalization defined as confirmed hospitalization due to COVID-19, and 3.
  • Symptoms Severity of COVID-19 was defined as symptoms severity of COVID-19 using Brescia- COVID Respiratory Severity Scale (BCRSS).
  • a low dosage can be within a range from 1/lOx to lx of the following exemplary dosages listed: topical skin application of finasteride at 10% (w/w) oral finasteride at 0.1-10 mg dutasteride at 0.1 mg/day to 1.0 mg/day degarelix at 240 mg oral cannabidiol at 10/mg/Kg/day oral flutamide at 750 mg/day enzalutamide at 160 mg qd oral dutasteride at 0.25 mg/day apalutamide at 60 mg 4 times per day injection of cyproterone acetate (300 mg) subcutaneous injection of degarelix (120 mg) bicalutamide at 50 mg per day subcutaneous injection of degarelix (120 mg) oral darolutamide at 300 mg twice daily abiraterone at 500 mg twice daily oral nilutamide at 300 mg once daily docetaxel at 75 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour
  • dosages within a range from 1/lOx to 3x of the above identified dosages can be used.
  • dosages can be within a range from: topical skin application of finasteride at 1-30% (w/w) oral finasteride at 0.01-30 mg dutasteride at 0.1 mg/day to 3.0 mg/day degarelix at 24 mg-720 mg oral cannabidiol at 1-30/mg/Kg/day oral flutamide at 75-2,250 mg/day enzalutamide at 16-480 mg qd oral dutasteride at 0.025-0.75 mg/day apalutamide at 6-180 mg 4 times per day injection of cyproterone acetate (30-900 mg) subcutaneous injection of degarelix (12-360 mg) bicalutamide at 5-150 mg per day subcutaneous injection of degarelix (12-360 mg) oral darolutamide at 30-900 mg twice daily abiraterone at 50-1500 mg twice daily oral nilut

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des méthodes, des systèmes, des kits et des compositions pour le traitement, la prévention et le diagnostic d'infections virales, en particulier des infections par le SARS-CoV-2, avec un médicament anti-androgène et anti-thyroïdien, un antagoniste du récepteur de la thyroïde, un inhibiteur de TGF-β ou une combinaison de ceux-ci. La présente invention concerne également des méthodes et des compositions pour le traitement de maladies respiratoires virales, spécifiquement des infections par le SARS-CoV-2, comprenant des anti-androgènes, des médicaments anti-thyroïdiens, des antagonistes du récepteur de la thyroïde, des inhibiteurs de TGF-β, des inhibiteurs de RXR, des inhibiteurs de la furine ou d'autres agents pour perturber la signalisation des androgènes.
PCT/US2021/019201 2020-03-30 2021-02-23 Anti-androgène ou antagoniste du récepteur des androgènes pour le traitement d'une infection respiratoire virale Ceased WO2021202014A1 (fr)

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CN202180026101.4A CN115916165A (zh) 2020-03-30 2021-02-23 用于治疗病毒性呼吸道感染的抗雄激素或雄激素受体拮抗剂

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US202062704416P 2020-05-08 2020-05-08
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US15/929,788 US11338010B2 (en) 2020-03-30 2020-05-21 Systems, methods, and kits for diagnostics and treatment of viral respiratory infection
US15/929,788 2020-05-21
US202063041426P 2020-06-19 2020-06-19
US63/041,426 2020-06-19
US16/946,875 US11058647B1 (en) 2020-03-30 2020-07-09 Systems, methods, and kits for diagnostics and treatment of viral respiratory infection
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