WO2021245772A1 - 赤外線撮像装置 - Google Patents
赤外線撮像装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021245772A1 WO2021245772A1 PCT/JP2020/021707 JP2020021707W WO2021245772A1 WO 2021245772 A1 WO2021245772 A1 WO 2021245772A1 JP 2020021707 W JP2020021707 W JP 2020021707W WO 2021245772 A1 WO2021245772 A1 WO 2021245772A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/48—Thermography; Techniques using wholly visual means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/10—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/06—Arrangements for eliminating effects of disturbing radiation; Arrangements for compensating changes in sensitivity
- G01J5/064—Ambient temperature sensor; Housing temperature sensor; Constructional details thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
- G01J5/0803—Arrangements for time-dependent attenuation of radiation signals
- G01J5/0804—Shutters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
- G01J5/0806—Focusing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or concave mirrors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
- G06V10/40—Extraction of image or video features
- G06V10/60—Extraction of image or video features relating to illumination properties, e.g. using a reflectance or lighting model
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/10—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths
- H04N23/11—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths for generating image signals from visible and infrared light wavelengths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/20—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from infrared radiation only
- H04N23/23—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from infrared radiation only from thermal infrared radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J2005/0077—Imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/10—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors
- G01J2005/106—Arrays
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to an infrared image pickup device.
- a thermal infrared solid-state image sensor pixels having a heat insulating structure are arranged in a two-dimensional array, and an infrared image is imaged by utilizing the fact that the temperature of the pixels changes due to the incident infrared rays.
- the temperature sensor that constitutes the pixel uses a borometer such as polysilicon, amorphous silicon, silicon carbide, or vanadium oxide, as well as a semiconductor element such as a diode or transistor. It has been known.
- a semiconductor element such as a diode is made of a solid or the like, and the variation in electrical characteristics and temperature dependence is very small, which is advantageous in making the characteristics of each pixel uniform.
- an electric signal is generated by injecting a current or applying a voltage to the temperature sensor.
- the temperature of the temperature sensor fluctuates minutely due to the incident of infrared rays, and the electric signal fluctuates minutely.
- the fluctuation of this electric signal is amplified, converted into a digital signal, and then output to the outside.
- an infrared image pickup device holds the infrared image pickup element, a mounting substrate portion that holds the infrared image pickup element, an optical system member such as a lens for collecting and forming an image of infrared light, and an optical system member. It is composed of a lens barrel for this purpose. Further, in many cases, parts composed of an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) substrate, an IC (Integrated Circuit), and the like for performing image processing, correction processing, and the like are simultaneously mounted on a mounting board portion.
- ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
- the optical member for forming a condensed image of infrared rays is generally made of germanium (Ge), chalcogenide glass, silicon (Si), or the like.
- germanium Ge
- chalcogenide glass can form a lens by sintering, the material is very expensive.
- Ge and Si cannot be sintered and formed, they need to be formed by shaving or etching. Both materials are inferior in cost or processing accuracy to glass lenses or resin lenses generally used for visible light.
- the temperature change of the temperature sensor due to the infrared light incident from the subject through the optical system that is, the actual sensitivity component and the self-heating temperature of the temperature sensor itself by injecting a current or applying a voltage to the temperature sensor.
- the change and the temperature change due to the self-heating of the entire infrared image pickup device generated by the above-mentioned parts are added and detected. Therefore, the temperature information output from the temperature sensor by infrared light is not limited to the above-mentioned actual sensitivity component.
- Patent Document 1 a mechanism for performing correction after preparing a sensitivity correction table for each pixel in advance has been reported.
- Patent Document 2 a mechanism for performing correction processing using a correction table preset by digital processing has also been reported, in which case, for example, in order to acquire temperature information of an infrared image pickup apparatus. It is also common to perform sequential difference processing based on the second temperature sensor of the above and the preliminary data of the output level acquired in advance and stored for each infrared imaging device.
- the infrared image pickup apparatus has been made to solve such a problem, and is an infrared image pickup apparatus that appropriately corrects image blurring due to deterioration of lens image quality even when an optical lens having non-ideal optical characteristics is used.
- the purpose is to provide.
- an infrared transmission lens that collects infrared light emitted from a subject and pixels that convert the infrared light collected by the infrared transmission lens into an electric signal are arranged in a two-dimensional array.
- An infrared image pickup element having a screen, a signal processing unit that converts the electric signal from the infrared image pickup element into a digital signal, and a non-imaging unit preset for the infrared transmissive lens with respect to the output of the signal processing unit.
- the absolute temperature of the subject based on the optical characteristic correction unit that corrects the optical characteristics based on the sex information, the reference temperature detection unit that detects the reference temperature, the output of the optical characteristic correction unit, and the output of the reference temperature detection unit. It is equipped with a temperature measuring unit that performs conversion.
- the signal processing is performed based on the non-imaging information preset for the infrared transmission lens to obtain the absolute temperature measurement accuracy. It is possible to obtain an image with improved image quality as well as improvement.
- FIG. It is a functional block diagram of the infrared image pickup apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of an infrared image pickup element. It is a figure which shows the composition of a pixel. It is a figure which shows the calculation result of the Si lens imaging property of the biconvex spherical shape when the incident ray angle is 10 degrees. It is a figure which shows the calculation result of the Si lens imaging property of the biconvex spherical shape when the incident ray angle is 55 degrees. It is a figure which shows the calculation result of the Si lens imaging property of the biconvex spherical shape which has a diaphragm.
- FIG. 5 is an image diagram of image correction by correction of optical characteristics in the infrared image pickup apparatus according to the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows the tendency of the luminance value correction by the correction of the optical characteristic in the infrared image pickup apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 5 is an image diagram of image correction by correction of optical characteristics in the infrared image pickup apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the tendency of the luminance value correction by the correction of the optical characteristic in the infrared image pickup apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 It is a figure which shows the actual measurement result of the image correction by the correction of the optical characteristic in the infrared image pickup apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 It is a figure which shows the subject size dependence of the optical characteristic sensitivity in the infrared image pickup apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a functional block diagram of the infrared image pickup apparatus according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. It is a functional block diagram of the infrared image pickup apparatus according to Embodiment 4.
- FIG. It is a functional block diagram of the infrared image pickup apparatus according to Embodiment 5. It is a figure which shows an example of the hardware of the infrared image pickup apparatus according to Embodiments 1-5.
- FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of the infrared image pickup apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- An infrared image pickup element 2 having a pixel region 12 in which pixels for converting received infrared light into an electric signal are arranged in a two-dimensional array, and an infrared light emitted from the subject arranged between the infrared image pickup element 2 and the subject.
- An infrared transmissive lens 1 arranged so as to collect light and form an image, a signal processing unit 3 that inputs an electric signal from an infrared image pickup element 2 and performs signal amplification and conversion to a digital signal, and a signal processing unit.
- the temperature measuring unit 6 receives the signal component corrected by the above, that is, the output of the optical characteristic correction unit 4, and the signal component of the reference temperature detecting unit 7 that acquires the reference temperature information, that is, the output of the reference temperature detecting unit 7.
- the configuration is such that the subject temperature information is calculated in.
- FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the infrared image pickup element 2.
- the pixel units 100 that receive the incident infrared light and convert it into an electric signal are preferably arranged in a two-dimensional array, and the signals output from the drive line selection circuit 102 and the pixel unit 100 that control the energization timing of the pixel unit 100.
- a read-out circuit 101 that amplifies and reads out the components is arranged.
- the electric signals of the pixel units 100 arranged in a two-dimensional array are sequentially output from the readout circuit 101 via the signal output terminal 103.
- the configuration of the pixel unit 100 is shown in FIG.
- the upper view of FIG. 3 is a top view of the pixel portion 100
- the lower view of FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in the top view.
- the temperature detection unit 202 is arranged in the hollow heat insulating structure 205 while being held by the hollow support leg wiring 201 electrically and thermally connected to the drive line wiring 200 connected to the drive line selection circuit 102.
- the hollow heat insulating structure 205 may be formed by etching a part of the substrate 204, or the hollow heat insulating structure 205 may be formed by etching the sacrificial layer composed of the organic layer and other components. You may.
- the temperature detection unit 202 is provided with a thermoelectric conversion mechanism 206 composed of a diode, a bolometer, or the like in order to detect a component of infrared light emitted from the subject.
- the electric signal generated by the temperature detection unit 202 is transmitted to the read circuit 101 via the signal line wiring 203 via the other hollow support leg wiring 201.
- Reference numeral 102a in the upper part of FIG. 3 indicates the direction of the current flowing in from the drive line selection circuit 102, and reference numeral 101b indicates the direction of the current flowing in the readout circuit 101.
- the electric signal output from the temperature detection unit 202 has as its components the substrate temperature, a self-heating component due to energization, an optical system member such as a lens, and infrared rays emitted from a lens barrel that holds the optical system member. Contains light components. That is, the electric signal level of the temperature detection unit 202 fluctuates due to fluctuations in the environmental temperature and the like. In order to improve the fluctuation of the electric signal level, it is generally practiced to stabilize the module temperature and the housing temperature.
- the infrared image pickup apparatus 20 it is necessary to provide an optical characteristic correction unit 4 for the infrared transmissive lens 1 based on preset non-imaging information to correct the optical characteristics. do.
- FIG. 5 shows the calculation result of the ray when the incident ray angle is larger than that of FIG. 4 and the incident ray angle is 55 degrees. It can be understood from the comparison between FIGS. 4 and 5 that the amount of incident light rays differs depending on the angle of the light rays incident on the optical lens. This leads to the difference in the amount of light between the optical center and the outer periphery, that is, the sensitivity variation due to the shading component. At the same time, it can be seen that the focal lengths to the image formation points are different in FIGS. 4 and 5.
- the effective optical focal length is shorter when the angle of incidence of the light beam is deeper than when the angle of incidence of the light beam is shallow. This is a phenomenon of so-called curvature of field, which leads to a difference in the degree of blurring of the image between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion of the obtained image.
- FIG. 7 is a calculation result simulating the asphericalization of only the objective surface, but it can be seen that it is improved as compared with that of FIG. Furthermore, it can be seen that the amount of incident light is also improved.
- the asphericalization of the optical lens brings a great merit to the characteristics of the image sensor.
- a resin material or a glass material is used as the optical lens material, there is no significant cost impact in dealing with asphericalization.
- Ge, chalcogenide glass, Si, or the like is generally used as a material that transmits a wavelength in the infrared region typified by 8 to 14 ⁇ m, but it can be made aspherical by sintering.
- Calcogenide glass has the disadvantage in terms of cost that the material itself is expensive.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows the tendency of the captured image change due to the deterioration of the lens imaging property described above. Further, the output luminance between AB in FIG. 8 is schematically shown in FIG.
- the output brightness based on the temperature information of the subject and the surface emissivity can be obtained as shown in the figure on the left side of FIG. Further, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 9, blurring between the subject and the background does not occur, and good output can be obtained. That is, it is easy to obtain the temperature information of each part by calculation based on the output luminance.
- the temperature information of the subject is the background temperature, as shown in the figure on the right side of FIG. It is affected by the size of the subject image. Specifically, as shown by the broken line in FIG. 9, the lower the background temperature, the lower the subject output brightness, and the smaller the subject size, the lower the subject output brightness. That is, it is difficult to accurately calculate the temperature information of each part based on the output luminance, and the visibility is deteriorated due to the blurring between the subject and the background.
- FIG. 1 The basic configuration is the device configuration shown in.
- the operating principle of the infrared image pickup apparatus according to the first embodiment will be described in detail below.
- the optical characteristic correction unit 4 that performs correction processing based on preset non-imaging information for the infrared transmissive lens 1 will be described below. Assuming that an ideal optical system is used, the output value of each pixel array arranged in a two-dimensional array is defined as the ideal output value P (i, j). Next, the degree of dispersion to peripheral pixels when a point light source is incident on a certain point (x, y) in the pixel array is defined as the degree of dispersion r (x, y) (i, j).
- the actually measured output value Q (x, y) actually output at the point (x, y) is expressed by the ideal output value P (i, j) and the degree of dispersion r (x, y) (i, j). It can be expressed by the following equation (1).
- the degree of dispersion r (x, y) (i, j) is the degree of dispersion determined by an optical lens or the like, that is, the non-imaging information of the infrared transmissive lens 1 accumulated in the optical member non-imaging information storage unit 5. Therefore, it may be derived from the actually measured value obtained by measuring the infrared transmissive lens 1 in the shipping inspection or the like, or if the error is within an allowable range, it may be an ideal value calculated by the lens design. Strictly speaking, the degree of dispersion changes with respect to the incident angle, but if an error is allowed, a representative value may be provided for the incident angle.
- the degree of dispersion r (x, y) (i, j) may be set by limiting the range of influence. That is, if the main factor is the dispersion of only a limited range of several pixels or about ten pixels around the point (x, y), the other pixel areas may be ignored. ..
- the ideal output value P (i, j) can be calculated by the analysis calculation using the equation 1). In this case, it is possible to reduce the load of analysis calculation by devising the setting of the degree of dispersion r (x, y) (i, j) as described above.
- the following linear calculation means may be adopted. Assuming that the measured output value Q (x, y) actually output at the point (x, y ) is further multiplied by the dispersion r (x, y) (i, j) by the infrared transmissive lens 1. If the output of is defined as the assumed output value S (x, y), the assumed output value S (x, y) can be expressed by the following equation (2).
- Eq. (6) the ideal output value P (x, y) and the actually measured output value Q (x, y) are as shown in Eq. (6) below.
- the ratio of the difference value to the measured output value Q (x, y) and the assumed output value S (x, y) can be linearly approximated as the proportionality constant ⁇ .
- FIG. 10 shows the result of simulating the effect of correcting the optical characteristics from the relationship between the ideal output value P (x, y), the measured output value Q (x, y), and the hypothetical output value S (x, y). And shown in FIG.
- the ideal output value P (x, y) is a simulated image when a square-shaped subject is imaged, and the dispersion degree r (x, y) (i, j) is arbitrarily set as a constant in-plane value of the screen.
- the ideal output value P (x, y), the measured output value Q (x, y), the assumed output value S (x, y), the measured output value Q (x, y), and the assumed output value S (
- the restored images P'(x, y) derived from x, y) are represented, respectively, and correspond to the first, second, third, and fourth figures from the left in FIG.
- FIG. 11 shows the ideal output value P (x, y), the measured output value Q (x, y), the hypothetical output value S (x, y), and the restored image P'(x, y) in FIG. 10, respectively. It is a graph showing the output between A and B, and corresponds to the first, second, third, and fourth figures from the left in FIG. 10, respectively.
- the correction calculation of the optical characteristics by the linear approximation of the present disclosure can similarly improve the temperature determination accuracy and obtain the effect of edge enhancement even when a high temperature or low temperature subject is adjacent to each other.
- FIGS. 12 and 13 are graphs showing the simulated image, the restored image, and the output between AB, respectively, as in the case of FIGS. 10 and 11, respectively.
- the graph of FIG. 13 shows the output when the correction calculation is performed assuming the case where high temperature or low temperature subjects are adjacent to each other as the subject model as shown in FIG. As in the case of FIGS. 10 and 11, it can be confirmed that the temperature determination accuracy is improved and the edge enhancement effect is obtained.
- the dispersity r (x, y) (i, j) determined by the optical lens is (A) Derived from the optical design value (b) Limited to 21 ⁇ 21 pixels (c) It shall not change with respect to the incident angle (d) Correction of the output value by linear calculation Above, (a) to (d) As a condition, FIG. 14 shows the result of evaluating the effect of the correction of the optical characteristics from the actual imaging data.
- the luminance value of the subject that is, the person in the figure is changed to be lower when the subject is small, and at the same time, the person and the background are changed. Blurring occurs at the boundary.
- the change in the output luminance value is small and the blurring of the boundary portion is also improved.
- the graph of FIG. 15 shows the result of measuring the output temperature sensitivity with respect to the subject size when the same correction method is used, that is, the amount of change in the output luminance when the subject temperature changes by 1 ° C.
- the circle points filled with black represent the output sensitivity value from the image before the correction of the optical characteristics
- the triangular points filled with black represent the output sensitivity value from the image after the correction of the optical characteristics.
- the signal component of the temperature detection unit 202 includes a temperature change component due to infrared light emitted from the subject, a substrate temperature, a self-heating component due to energization, an optical system member such as a lens, and a lens barrel that holds the optical system member. It contains components of infrared light emitted from such sources. That is, in order to detect the temperature of the subject, it is necessary to calculate the subject temperature information.
- a mechanical shutter 8 is arranged in front of the infrared transmissive lens 1, and the temperature of the mechanical shutter 8 is measured by the reference temperature detection unit 7 at the same time as the mechanical shutter 8.
- the output value when the shutter 8 is imaged is stored in advance.
- the temperature of the mechanical shutter 8 becomes the reference temperature.
- a shutter mechanism other than the mechanical shutter 8 has the same effect.
- the temperature of the mechanical shutter 8 is T 1 and the obtained output value is P 1.
- the output when the subject is imaged is measured. It is assumed that the obtained output value is P 2.
- the output temperature sensitivity after the above-mentioned correction of the optical characteristics that is, the amount of change in the output luminance when the subject temperature changes by 1 ° C. is dP / dT
- the subject temperature T 2 is expressed by the following equation (7). be able to.
- the output temperature sensitivity dP / dT is optically based on the non-imaging information of the infrared transmissive lens 1 accumulated in the optical member non-imaging information storage unit 5, as shown in the above-mentioned explanation regarding the correction of the optical characteristics.
- the infrared image pickup device shown in FIG. 1 it is also equivalent to taking an image of a subject having the same room temperature as a wall, a floor, etc. without configuring the mechanical shutter 8 and observing the room temperature with the reference temperature detection unit 7. The effect of is obtained.
- Infrared light emitted from a subject is composed of various wavelength bands, and the total amount of emitted light obtained by integrating all wavelength bands has the characteristic of the fourth power of temperature according to Planck's radiation law.
- the transmittance of the optical system including the infrared transmissive lens 1 has wavelength characteristics.
- the transmittance is low for wavelengths in the 8 ⁇ m band, while the transmittance is high for wavelengths in the 10 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m band.
- the wavelength characteristic also exists from the viewpoint of the absorption rate of the temperature detection unit 202 in the infrared image pickup apparatus 20. That is, the result of integrating the incident light amount wavelength characteristic, the optical system wavelength characteristic, and the sensor absorption rate wavelength characteristic and performing all-wavelength integration is the detectable incident light amount.
- the output temperature sensitivity dP / dT is a value proportional to the amount of incident light that can be detected, and has a complicated functional system with respect to the subject temperature.
- a conversion table may be provided for the subject temperature, or it may be a function system of a quadratic or cubic function. If the measurement error is acceptable, it may be a linear function system.
- the optical member non-imaging information storage unit By correcting the optical characteristics based on the non-imaging information of the infrared transmissive lens 1 accumulated in 5, the temperature information of the subject is not affected by the background temperature, the subject imaging size, etc., and the conversion accuracy of the subject temperature can be obtained. Can be improved. At the same time, it is possible to eliminate the deterioration of visibility due to blurring between the subject and the background, and obtain an image with an emphasized outline.
- FIG. 17 is a functional block diagram of the infrared image pickup apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- the temperature detection target derivation unit 23 is arranged between the signal processing unit 3 and the optical characteristic correction unit 4.
- the temperature detection target derivation unit 23 limits the temperature measurement points in the screen of the infrared image pickup element 2, and corrects the optical characteristics only in the limited points. As a result, the amount of calculation required for correcting the optical characteristics can be significantly reduced. At the same time, it is possible to obtain the effect of improving the conversion accuracy of the subject temperature for the designated temperature measurement points.
- the temperature measurement points derived by the temperature detection target derivation unit 23 may be set only at the maximum point of the output brightness in the screen, or a plurality of points may be set by image analysis. Alternatively, the same point may be specified at all times.
- the optical member non-imaging information storage unit 5 By correcting the optical characteristics based on the non-imaging information of the infrared transmissive lens 1 accumulated in, the temperature information of the subject is not affected by the background temperature, the subject imaging size, etc., and the conversion accuracy of the subject temperature is improved. At the same time as achieving the effect of the first embodiment, that is, it is possible to obtain a new effect that the calculation load can be greatly reduced.
- FIG. 18 is a functional block diagram of the infrared image pickup apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- the level stabilization representative point extraction unit 21 and the brightness value adjustment unit 22 that receive the output of the level stabilization representative point extraction unit 21 are behind the temperature measurement unit 6. And place.
- the portion where the subject has moved that is, the portion where the output value does not fluctuate significantly is at room temperature level, and it is presumed that the actual temperature does not change significantly.
- the signal component of the temperature detection unit 202 includes a substrate temperature, a self-heating component due to energization, an optical system member such as a lens, and a component of infrared light emitted from a lens barrel that holds the optical system member. That is, the signal level may fluctuate due to wind, direct sunlight, other disturbance influences, fluctuations in the environmental temperature, etc., and thus the output value may not be stable.
- the level stabilization representative point extraction unit 21 determines the portion where the output value does not fluctuate significantly, and outputs the coordinate data of the portion where it is determined that the output value level does not fluctuate significantly to the temperature measurement unit 6. By performing screen brightness correction or determination temperature correction so that the designated coordinate data output is constant, the temperature measurement unit 6 enables temperature determination and image generation without being affected by disturbance effects.
- the level stabilization representative point extraction unit 21 for example, a plurality of fixed points are always temperature-determined, and pixels having a small time deviation of their output values may be designated pixels, that is, representative points, or image analysis is performed on the entire screen. By doing so, the accuracy may be improved. As an example, pixels whose output value fluctuation is less than a predetermined threshold value may be extracted as designated pixels, that is, representative points.
- the luminance value adjusting unit 22 receives the output of the level stabilizing representative point extracting unit 21 and adjusts the luminance of the designated pixel, that is, the representative point.
- the optical member non-imaging information storage unit 5 By correcting the optical characteristics based on the non-imaging information of the infrared transmissive lens 1 accumulated in, the temperature information of the subject is not affected by the background temperature, the subject imaging size, etc., so that the conversion accuracy of the subject temperature can be improved. improves.
- FIG. 19 is a functional block diagram of the infrared image pickup apparatus according to the fourth embodiment.
- a temperature influence calculation unit 9 is arranged between the signal processing unit 3 and the optical characteristic correction unit 4, and the temperature influence calculation unit 9 has a reference temperature detection unit 7.
- the reference temperature information from the above and the output influence calculation coefficient storage unit 10 are connected.
- the output influence calculation coefficient storage unit 10 stores the output displacement tendency with respect to the reference temperature held in advance.
- the temperature influence calculation unit 9 corrects the output value by combining the reference temperature information from the reference temperature detection unit 7 and the output displacement tendency with respect to the reference temperature. As a result, the fluctuation of the signal level due to fluctuations in wind, direct sunlight, other disturbance effects, environmental temperature, etc. described in the infrared image pickup apparatus 20 according to the third embodiment can be corrected and the output value can be stabilized. can.
- the optical member non-imaging information storage unit 5 By correcting the optical characteristics based on the non-imaging information of the infrared transmissive lens 1 accumulated in, the temperature information of the subject is not affected by the background temperature, the subject imaging size, etc., and the subject temperature conversion accuracy is improved. ..
- the effect of the first embodiment is achieved by eliminating the deterioration of visibility due to the blurring between the subject and the background and obtaining an image with the emphasized outline, and at the same time, the influence of the disturbance as in the third embodiment. It is possible to obtain a new effect of being able to make a judgment with a reduced amount of. Further, the frequency of shutter correction can be reduced, and the shutter mechanism itself can be eliminated.
- FIG. 20 is a functional block diagram of the infrared image pickup apparatus according to the fifth embodiment.
- the reference temperature detected by the reference temperature detection unit 7 may be the temperature sensor output arranged in the infrared image pickup element 2.
- the signal component of the temperature detection unit 202 includes the substrate temperature, the self-heating component due to energization, and the component of infrared light emitted from the optical system member such as a lens, the lens barrel holding the optical system member, and the like. ..
- the optical member non-imaging information storage unit 5 By correcting the optical characteristics based on the non-imaging information of the infrared transmissive lens 1 accumulated in, the temperature information of the subject is not affected by the background temperature, the subject imaging size, etc., and the conversion accuracy of the subject temperature is improved. do. Further, it is possible to obtain the effect of the first embodiment that the deterioration of visibility due to the blurring between the subject and the background can be eliminated and the image with the emphasized outline can be obtained, and at the same time, the temperature determination accuracy can be further improved. It becomes.
- FIG. 21 shows an example of the configuration as hardware for storing each of the above-mentioned functional blocks.
- the hardware 300 includes a processor 301 and a storage device 302. Although the storage device is not shown, it includes a volatile storage device such as a random access memory and a non-volatile auxiliary storage device such as a flash memory. Further, the auxiliary storage device of the hard disk may be provided instead of the flash memory.
- the processor 301 executes the program input from the storage device 302. In this case, the program is input from the auxiliary storage device to the processor 301 via the volatile storage device. Further, the processor 301 may output data such as a calculation result to the volatile storage device of the storage device 302, or may store the data in the auxiliary storage device via the volatile storage device.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態1による赤外線撮像装置の機能ブロック図である。
受光した赤外線光を電気信号に変換する画素を二次元アレイ状に配置した画素領域12を有する赤外線撮像素子2と、赤外線撮像素子2と被写体の間に配置され、被写体から放射される赤外線光を集光し、結像するように配置された赤外線透過レンズ1と、赤外線撮像素子2からの電気信号を入力し、信号増幅およびデジタル信号への変換等を行う信号処理部3と、信号処理部3の出力と、光学部材非結像性情報記憶部5において蓄積された赤外線透過レンズ1の非結像性情報とに基づき補正処理を行う光学特性補正部4を有し、光学特性補正部4で補正された信号成分、すなわち、光学特性補正部4の出力と、基準温度情報を取得する基準温度検知部7の信号成分、すなわち、基準温度検知部7の出力を受けて、温度測定部6において被写体温度情報の演算を行う構成となっている。
駆動線選択回路102に接続された駆動線配線200に対して電気的および熱的に接続された中空支持脚配線201に保持された形で、温度検知部202が中空断熱構造205中に配置されている。ここで、基板204の一部にエッチング等を行って中空断熱構造205を構成してもよいし、有機層その他の構成要素で構成される犠牲層をエッチングすることで中空断熱構造205を形成してもよい。
理想的な光学系を用いた場合を仮定し、二次元アレイ状に配置されている画素配列それぞれの出力値を理想出力値P(i,j)とする。次に、画素配列中のある点(x,y)に点光源が入射した際の周辺画素への分散度を分散度r(x,y)(i,j)とする。点(x,y)における実際に出力される実測出力値Q(x,y)は、理想出力値P(i,j)および分散度r(x,y)(i,j)で表すと、下記の(1)式で表現できる。
点(x,y)における実際に出力される実測出力値Q(x,y)に対して、赤外線透過レンズ1による分散度r(x,y)(i,j)をさらに乗じたと仮定した場合の出力を仮定出力値S(x,y)と定義すると、仮定出力値S(x,y)は下記の(2)式で表すことができる。
理想出力値P(x,y)、実測出力値Q(x,y)、仮定出力値S(x,y)の関係性から、模擬的に光学特性の補正の効果を計算した結果を図10および図11に示す。
(a)光学設計値から導出
(b)21×21画素に限定
(c)入射角に対して変化しないものとする
(d)線形演算による出力値の補正
以上、(a)~(d)を条件として、光学特性の補正の効果を実撮像データより評価した結果を図14に示す。
上述のとおり、温度検知部202の信号成分は、被写体から放射される赤外線光による温度変化成分と、基板温度、通電による自己発熱成分およびレンズ等の光学系部材、光学系部材を保持する鏡筒などから発せられる赤外線光の成分を含んでいる。つまり、被写体の温度検知を行うためには被写体温度情報の演算を行う必要がある。
図17は、実施の形態2による赤外線撮像装置の機能ブロック図である。
実施の形態1による赤外線撮像装置の構成要素に加えて、信号処理部3と光学特性補正部4の間に、温度検知対象導出部23を配置する。温度検知対象導出部23により、赤外線撮像素子2の画面内の温度測定箇所を限定し、限定された部分にのみ光学特性の補正を実施する。これにより、光学特性の補正に必要な演算量は著しく減少させることができる。同時に、指定された温度測定箇所に関しては、被写体温度の換算精度を向上するという効果を得ることができる。
図18は、実施の形態3による赤外線撮像装置の機能ブロック図である。
実施の形態1による赤外線撮像装置の構成要素に加えて、温度測定部6の後段に、レベル安定化代表点抽出部21と、レベル安定化代表点抽出部21の出力を受ける輝度値調整部22とを配置する。温度測定部6で測定された出力のうち、被写体が移動した部分、つまり、出力値が大きく変動していない部分は、室温レベルであり実温度は大きく変化していないと推測される。
図19は、実施の形態4による赤外線撮像装置の機能ブロック図である。
実施の形態1による赤外線撮像装置の構成要素に加えて、信号処理部3と光学特性補正部4の間に、温度影響演算部9を配置し、温度影響演算部9には基準温度検知部7からの基準温度情報と、出力影響演算係数記憶部10が接続されている。出力影響演算係数記憶部10では、あらかじめ保有された基準温度に対する出力変位傾向が記憶されている。
図20は、実施の形態5による赤外線撮像装置の機能ブロック図である。
実施の形態1による赤外線撮像装置で示した構成要素のうち、基準温度検知部7において検知する基準温度は、赤外線撮像素子2内に配置された温度センサ出力としてもよい。上述のとおり、温度検知部202の信号成分は、基板温度、通電による自己発熱成分、およびレンズ等の光学系部材、光学系部材を保持する鏡筒などから発せられる赤外線光の成分を含んでいる。赤外線撮像素子2の温度を正確に測定することで、温度判定精度を向上させることが可能となる。
Claims (7)
- 被写体から放射される赤外線光を集光する赤外線透過レンズと、
前記赤外線透過レンズで集光された赤外線光を電気信号に変換する画素が、二次元アレイ状に配置された画面を有する赤外線撮像素子と、
前記赤外線撮像素子からの前記電気信号をデジタル信号に変換する信号処理部と、
前記信号処理部の出力に対して、前記赤外線透過レンズについてあらかじめ設定された非結像性情報に基づき光学特性の補正を行う光学特性補正部と、
基準温度を検知する基準温度検知部と、
前記光学特性補正部の出力と前記基準温度検知部の出力に基づき、前記被写体の絶対温度換算を行う温度測定部と、
を備える赤外線撮像装置。 - 前記光学特性補正部は、前記信号処理部の出力と、前記信号処理部の出力に前記赤外線透過レンズの非結像性情報を乗じた出力との差分値に、比例定数を乗じた数値に基づき光学特性の補正を行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の赤外線撮像装置。
- 前記赤外線透過レンズの前面にシャッター機構を配置し、前記基準温度検知部によりシャッター機構の温度を測定して、前記温度測定部での演算に適用することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の赤外線撮像装置。
- 前記赤外線撮像素子の画面内から温度測定箇所を限定する温度検知対象導出部をさらに備え、
前記光学特性補正部が、前記温度検知対象導出部により限定された代表点を演算の対象とすることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の赤外線撮像装置。 - 出力値の変動がしきい値未満である画素を抽出するレベル安定化代表点抽出部と、
前記レベル安定化代表点抽出部の出力に基づき画面の輝度値を調整する輝度値調整部と、をさらに備え、
前記光学特性補正部が、前記レベル安定化代表点抽出部および前記輝度値調整部の出力を含めて、前記信号処理部の出力に対して出力値の補正を行うことを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の赤外線撮像装置。 - 前記基準温度に対する出力変位傾向を記憶する出力影響演算係数記憶部と、
前記出力変位傾向に基づき前記基準温度検知部の出力の補正を演算する温度影響演算部と、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の赤外線撮像装置。 - 前記基準温度が、前記基準温度検知部で測定された前記赤外線撮像素子の温度であることを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の赤外線撮像装置。
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| US17/996,180 US20230204428A1 (en) | 2020-06-02 | 2020-06-02 | Infrared imaging device |
| EP20939041.8A EP4160167A4 (en) | 2020-06-02 | 2020-06-02 | INFRARED IMAGING DEVICE |
| JP2020567185A JP6991371B1 (ja) | 2020-06-02 | 2020-06-02 | 赤外線撮像装置 |
| CN202080101433.XA CN115698656A (zh) | 2020-06-02 | 2020-06-02 | 红外线拍摄装置 |
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| WO2024247000A1 (ja) * | 2023-05-26 | 2024-12-05 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 赤外線撮像装置 |
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| CN116761049B (zh) * | 2023-08-10 | 2023-11-03 | 箭牌智能科技(张家港)有限公司 | 一种家用智能安防监控方法及系统 |
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| CN115698656A (zh) | 2023-02-03 |
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