WO2021132591A1 - エクソン50のスキッピングを誘導するアンチセンス核酸 - Google Patents
エクソン50のスキッピングを誘導するアンチセンス核酸 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antisense oligomer that induces skipping of the 50th exon of the human dystrophin gene and a pharmaceutical composition containing the antisense oligomer.
- DMD Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- Infants show almost the same motor function as healthy people, but muscle weakness is seen from around 4 to 5 years old. After that, muscle weakness of DMD patients progresses, and DMD patients become unable to walk by about 12 years old, and die from heart failure or respiratory failure in their 20s.
- the dystrophin gene is located on the X chromosome and is a huge gene consisting of 2.2 million bases of DNA. It is transcribed from DNA to the pre-mRNA, and the intron is further removed by splicing, and 79 exons are bound to make the mRNA corresponding to the translation region 11,058 bases. This mRNA is translated into 3,685 amino acids to produce the dystrophin protein.
- Dystrophin proteins are involved in maintaining muscle cell membrane stability and are required to make muscle cells less fragile. Since the dystrophin gene of DMD patients has a mutation, the dystrophin protein having a function in muscle cells is hardly expressed.
- the structure of the muscle cell cannot be maintained, and a large amount of calcium ions flow into the muscle cell. As a result, a reaction similar to inflammation occurs, and fibrosis progresses, making it difficult for muscle cells to regenerate.
- Becker-type muscular dystrophy is also caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene, but its symptoms are generally milder than DMD, and the progression of muscle weakness is slower, often in adulthood, although it presents with muscle weakness due to muscle atrophy. Onset.
- the difference in clinical symptoms between DMD and BMD is believed to be due to whether mutations disrupt or maintain the amino acid reading frame when dystrophin mRNA is translated into dystrophin protein (non-patented). Document 1). That is, in DMD, the dystrophin protein having a function is hardly expressed due to the mutation that shifts the amino acid reading frame, but in BMD, a part of exons is deleted due to the mutation, but the amino acid reading frame is maintained. Therefore, an incomplete but functional dystrophin protein is produced.
- Exon skipping method is expected as a treatment method for DMD.
- This method is a method of repairing the amino acid reading frame of dystrophin mRNA by modifying splicing and inducing the expression of a partially restored dystrophin protein (Non-Patent Document 2).
- the amino acid sequence portion that is the target of exon skipping will be lost. Therefore, the dystrophin protein expressed by this treatment is shorter than that of the normal one, but the function of stabilizing muscle cells is partially retained because the amino acid reading frame is maintained. Therefore, exon skipping is expected to cause DMD to exhibit symptoms similar to milder BMD.
- the exon skipping method has been clinically tested in human DMD patients through animal experiments with mice and dogs.
- Exon skipping can be induced by binding of an antisense nucleic acid that targets either or both of the 5'or 3'splice sites, or the inside of the exon. Exons are included in the mRNA only if both splice sites are recognized by the spliceosome complex. Therefore, exon skipping can be induced by targeting the splice site with antisense nucleic acid. In addition, it is thought that SR protein binding to the exon splicing enhancer (ESE) is necessary for exons to be recognized by the splicing mechanism, and targeting the ESE can also induce exon skipping. it can.
- ESE exon splicing enhancer
- Non-Patent Document 3 Since mutations in the dystrophin gene differ depending on the DMD patient, antisense nucleic acids are required according to the location and type of gene mutation. So far, Antisense nucleic acids that induce exon skipping for all 79 exons have been produced by Steve Wilton et al. Of the University of Western Australia (Non-Patent Document 3), and 39 types by Annemieek Artsma-Rus et al. In the Netherlands. An antisense nucleic acid that induces exon skipping for exons has been produced (Non-Patent Document 4).
- Non-Patent Document 5 About 4% of all DMD patients are considered to be treatable by skipping the 50th exon (hereinafter referred to as "exon 50") (Non-Patent Document 5). In recent years, studies targeting exon 50 of the dystrophin gene for exon skipping have been reported by a plurality of research institutes including the applicant (Patent Documents 1 to 6 and Non-Patent Document 6).
- a novel antisense oligomer that highly efficiently induces skipping of exon 50 of the dystrophin gene is desired. Further, an antisense oligomer is desired, which maintains the activity of inducing the skipping of exon 50 of the dystrophin gene with high efficiency and has excellent physical characteristics (for example, solubility) as a medicine.
- the present inventors have administered an antisense oligomer having the nucleotide sequence shown in any of SEQ ID NOs: 3 to 5 to humans. It has been found that the skipping of exon 50 of the dystrophin gene is highly efficiently induced. It was also found that the antisense oligomer has excellent solubility while inducing highly efficient skipping of exon 50 of the human dystrophin gene. The present inventors have completed the present invention based on this finding.
- the present invention is as follows. [1] The following (a) to (d): (A) Antisense oligomer containing any of the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 3 to 5; (B) Exon 50 of the human dystrophin gene, which contains a base sequence in which 1 to 5 bases are deleted, substituted, inserted, and / or added to any of the base sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 3 to 5. Antisense oligomer with activity to induce skipping; (C) An antisense oligomer containing a base sequence having 80% or more sequence identity with respect to any of the base sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 3 to 5 and having an activity of inducing skipping of exon 50 of the human distrophin gene.
- an antisense oligomer that hybridizes under stringent conditions with an oligonucleotide consisting of a base sequence complementary to any of the base sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 3 to 5, and is an exon 50 of the human distrophin gene.
- An antisense oligomer selected from the group consisting of antisense oligomers having an activity of inducing skipping, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof.
- An antisense oligomer that hybridizes under highly stringent conditions with an oligonucleotide consisting of a base sequence complementary to any of the base sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 3 to 5 and (h) an exon of the human distrophin gene.
- An antisense oligomer selected from the group consisting of antisense oligomers having an activity of inducing skipping of 50 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a hydrate thereof.
- the antisense oligomer It is an antisense oligomer having a nucleotide sequence having 90% or more sequence identity with respect to any of the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 3 to 5 and having an activity of inducing skipping of exon 50 of the human distrophin gene.
- Stuff. [6] The sugar moiety of at least one nucleotide constituting the oligonucleotide has an -OH group at the 2'position of OR, R, R'OR, SH, SR, NH 2 , NHR, NR 2 , N 3 , CN, F.
- the above R indicates alkyl or aryl, and the above R'indicates alkylene.
- the phosphate binding moiety of at least one nucleotide constituting the oligonucleotide is selected from the group consisting of a phosphorothioate bond, a phosphorodithioate bond, an alkylphosphonate bond, a phosphoramidate bond, and a boranephosphate bond.
- the 5'end is the following chemical formulas (1) to (3): The antisense oligomer according to [8] or [9] above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof, which is the basis of any of the above. [11] The antisense oligomer according to any one of the above [1] to [10], a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof, wherein the length of the antisense oligomer is 19 or 20 bases. [12] A pharmaceutical composition for treating muscular dystrophy, which comprises the antisense oligomer according to any one of the above [1] to [11], a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof.
- a method for treating muscular dystrophy which comprises the step of administering the pharmaceutical composition of the above to a patient with muscular dystrophy.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to any one of. [22] The antisense oligomer according to [21] above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a hydrate thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition, wherein the patient with muscular dystrophy is a human in the treatment.
- PMO No. The skipping efficiency of exon 50 of the human dystrophin gene in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RD cells) of antisense oligomers 1 and 2 is shown.
- PMO No. The skipping efficiency of exon 50 of the human dystrophin gene in RD cells of antisense oligomers 1, 3, and 4 is shown.
- PMO No. The skipping efficiency of exon 50 of the human dystrophin gene in RD cells of antisense oligomers 1, 5, 6 and 7 is shown.
- the present invention provides an antisense oligomer (hereinafter referred to as "the antisense oligomer of the present invention") that efficiently skips the 50th exon of the human dystrophin gene.
- the "gene” includes cDNA, pre-mRNA and mRNA in addition to the genomic gene.
- the gene is a pre-mRNA, i.e. pre-mRNA.
- the human dystrophin gene is located at locus Xp21.2.
- the human dystrophin gene has a size of 2.2 million base pairs and is the largest known human gene.
- the coding region of the human dystrophin gene is only 14 kb, and the coding region is dispersed in the dystrophin gene as 79 exons (Roberts, RG., Et al., Genomics, 16: 536-538 (Roberts, RG., Et al., Genomics, 16: 536-538). 1993); Koenig, M., et al., Cell 53 219-228, 1988).
- Pre-mRNA a transcript of the human dystrophin gene, is spliced to produce 14 kb of mature mRNA.
- the nucleotide sequence of the human wild-type dystrophin gene is known (GenBank Accession No. NM_004006).
- the nucleotide sequence containing the exon 50 of the human wild-type dystrophin gene and the sequence near the 5'end of the intron 50 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the antisense oligomer of the present invention was prepared for the purpose of modifying a protein encoded by a DMD-type dystrophin gene into a BMD-type dystrophin protein by skipping the exon 50 of the human dystrophin gene. Therefore, the exon 50 of the dystrophin gene, which is the target of exon skipping of the antisense oligomer, includes not only the wild type but also the mutant type.
- the antisense oligomer of the present invention is the antisense oligomer according to any one selected from the group consisting of the following (a) to (d).
- the antisense oligomer of the present invention is specifically the antisense oligomer according to any one selected from the group consisting of the following (e) to (h).
- E An antisense oligomer consisting of any of the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 3 to 5;
- F 1 to 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 1 to 2, or 1 base is deleted and / or substituted with respect to any of the base sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 3 to 5.
- An antisense oligomer consisting of a base sequence and having an activity of inducing skipping of exon 50 of the human dystrophin gene; (G) Sequence identity of 80% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 94% or more, or 95% or more with respect to any of the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 3 to 5.
- An antisense oligomer consisting of a base sequence having a nucleotide sequence of, and having an activity of inducing skipping of exon 50 of the human distrophin gene; and (h) an oligo consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence of any of SEQ ID NOs: 3 to 5.
- An antisense oligomer that hybridizes with nucleotides under high stringent conditions and has the activity of inducing exon 50 skipping of the human distrophin gene.
- the antisense oligomers (b) to (d) and the antisense oligomers (f) to (h) are specifically variants of the antisense oligomer of (a) and the antisense oligomer of (e), respectively. Yes, it is intended to deal with mutations (eg, polymorphisms) in the dystrophin gene of patients.
- the "antisense oligomer that hybridizes under stringent conditions” refers to, for example, all or a part of an oligonucleotide having a base sequence complementary to any of the base sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 3 to 5. Refers to an antisense oligomer obtained by using a colony hybridization method, a plaque hybridization method, a southern hybridization method, or the like, using the above as a probe.
- Hybridization methods include, for example, “Sambrook & Russell, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual Vol. 3, Cold Spring Harbor, Laboratory Press 2001” and “Ausubel, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley, 1987", etc. You can use the method described in.
- the "stringent condition” may be any of a low stringent condition, a medium stringent condition, and a high stringent condition.
- the "low stringent condition” is, for example, a condition of 5 ⁇ SSC, 5 ⁇ Denhardt solution, 0.5% SDS, 50% formamide, 32 ° C.
- the “medium stringent conditions” are, for example, 5 ⁇ SSC, 5 ⁇ Denhardt solution, 0.5% SDS, 50% formamide, 42 ° C. or 5 ⁇ SSC, 1% SDS, 50 mM Tris-HCl ( The conditions are pH 7.5), 50% formamide, and 42 ° C.
- “High stringent conditions” are, for example, (1) 5 ⁇ SSC, 5 ⁇ Denhardt solution, 0.5% SDS, 50% formamide, 50 ° C., (2) 0.2 ⁇ SSC, 0.1%. SDS, 60 ° C, (3) 0.2 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS, 62 ° C, (4) 0.2 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS, 65 ° C, or (5) 0.1 ⁇ SSC , 0.1% SDS, 65 ° C., but is not limited to this. Under these conditions, it can be expected that an antisense oligomer having a higher sequence identity can be efficiently obtained as the temperature is raised.
- sequence identity means the identity of a pair of two nucleic acids in the entire range of the base sequence to be compared, and is created by using a mathematical algorithm known in the technical field of the present invention. It is represented by the percentage of matching bases in the optimal alignment of the base sequences.
- an antisense oligomer consisting of a base sequence having "80% sequence identity" with respect to an antisense oligomer consisting of a certain 20-base base sequence is 16 with respect to the above-mentioned 20-base antisense oligomer. It means an antisense oligomer having the same base as more than a base.
- a commercially available kit for example, Alkaline Direct Labeling and Detection System (GE Healthcare) can be used.
- the incubation with the labeled probe was performed overnight according to the protocol attached to the kit, and then the membrane was subjected to a primary wash buffer containing 0.1% (w / v) SDS under 55 ° C. conditions. After washing, hybridized antisense oligomers can be detected.
- the probe when preparing a probe based on all or part of a base sequence complementary to any of the base sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 3 to 5, a commercially available reagent (for example, PCR Labeling Mix (Roche Diagnostics) ) Etc.), the probe can be labeled with digoxigenin (DIG), and hybridization can be detected using a DIG nucleic acid detection kit (Roche Diagnostics).
- DIG digoxigenin
- the antisense oligomer that can be hybridized is 90% or more of the base sequence of any of SEQ ID NOs: 3 to 5 when calculated using the default parameters by homology search software such as FASTA and BLAST. , 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, 99.1% or more, 99.2% or more, 99 Antisense oligomers with sequence identity of 3.3% or higher, 99.4% or higher, 99.5% or higher, 99.6% or higher, 99.7% or higher, 99.8% or higher, or 99.9% or higher. Can be given.
- sequence identity is determined by FASTA (Science 227 (4693): 1435-1441, (1985)) and the algorithm BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) by Carlin and Arthur (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 872264). -2268, 1990; Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 5873, 1993) can be used for determination.
- Programs called blastn, blastx, tblastn and tblastx based on the BLAST algorithm have been developed (Altschul SF, et al: J Mol Biol 215: 403, 1990).
- BLAST and Gapped BLAST programs use the default parameters of each program.
- “Inducing (enabling) skipping of the 50th exon of the human dystrophin gene” means a site corresponding to exon 50 and / or its adjacent intron of a transcript of the human dystrophin gene (eg, pre-mRNA).
- exon 50 is excluded when the transcript is spliced, for example, in the case of a DMD patient lacking exon 51, it corresponds to the 3'end of exon 49. This means that the base sequence corresponding to the 5'end of exon 52 is linked to the base sequence to form a mature mRNA in which no frame shift of codons has occurred.
- DMD patients with a mutation in the dystrophin gene that is the target of exon 50 skipping can be treated by exon 50 skipping.
- DMD patients include DMD patients having a frameshift mutation due to a deletion of exson at least in the vicinity of exon 50 and having a dystrophin gene whose amino acid reading frame is modified by skipping exxon 50. More specifically, for example, DMD patients having a frameshift mutation due to having a deletion of the dystrophin gene exxon 51, 51-53, 51-55, 51-57, etc. can be mentioned.
- binding means that when the antisense oligomer of the present invention and a transcript of the human dystrophin gene are mixed, they hybridize under physiological conditions to form a double strand.
- physiological conditions mean conditions adjusted to a pH, salt composition, and temperature similar to those in a living body.
- the condition is 25 to 40 ° C., preferably 37 ° C., pH 5 to 8, preferably pH 7.4, and the sodium chloride concentration is 150 mM.
- Whether or not skipping of the exon 50 of the human dystrophin gene has occurred is determined by introducing the antisense oligomer of the present invention into dystrophin-expressing cells (for example, human dystrophin myoma cells) and using the total RNA of the dystrophin-expressing cells to determine whether or not human dystrophin is skipped. It can be confirmed by RT-PCR amplification of the peripheral region of exon 50 of the gene mRNA and performing nested PCR or sequence analysis on the PCR amplification product.
- dystrophin-expressing cells for example, human dystrophin myoma cells
- the skipping efficiency ES (unit:%) was such that the mRNA of the human dystrophin gene was recovered from the test cells, and among the mRNA, the amount of polynucleotide "A" in the band skipped by exon 50 and the amount of polynucleotide "A” skipped by exon 50 were not skipped.
- the amount of polynucleotide "B” in the band can be measured and calculated according to the following formula (1) based on the measured values of these "A" and "B". For the calculation of skipping efficiency, International Publication No. 2012/029986 can be referred to.
- the antisense oligomer of the present invention exons with an efficiency of 10% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more. Skip 50.
- Examples of the antisense oligomer of the present invention include 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 or 35. Examples thereof include oligonucleotides, morpholino oligomers, and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers having a base length. The length of the antisense oligomer is preferably 16 to 25 bases, 16 to 23 bases, 19 bases or 20 bases, and morpholino oligomer is preferable.
- oligonucleotide of the present invention is an antisense oligomer of the present invention having a nucleotide as a constituent unit, and such a nucleotide may be a ribonucleotide, a deoxyribonucleotide, or a modified nucleotide. Good.
- a modified nucleotide means a ribonucleotide or a deoxyribonucleotide in which all or part of the nucleobase, sugar moiety, and phosphate binding moiety that composes the ribonucleotide or deoxyribonucleotide is modified.
- examples of the nucleobase include adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, cytosine, thymine, uracil, and modified bases thereof.
- modified bases include, for example, pseudouracil, 3-methyluracil, dihydrouracil, 5-alkylcytocin (eg, 5-methylcitosin), 5-alkyluracil (eg, 5-ethyluracil), 5-halouracil (5).
- 6-azapyrimidine 6-alkylpyrimidine (6-methyluracil), 2-thiouracil, 4-thiouracil, 4-acetylcitosine, 5- (carboxyhydroxymethyl) uracil, 5'-carboxymethylaminomethyl -2-thiouracil, 5-carboxymethylaminomethyluracil, 1-methyladenine, 1-methylhypoxanthin, 2,2-dimethylguanine, 3-methylcytosine, 2-methyladenine, 2-methylguanine, N6-methyladenine , 7-Methylguanine, 5-methoxyaminomethyl-2-thiouracil, 5-methylaminomethyluracil, 5-methylcarbonylmethyluracil, 5-methyloxyuracil, 5-methyl-2-thiouracil, 2-methylthio-N6- Examples include, but are not limited to, isopentenyladenin, uracil-5-oxyacetic acid, 2-thiocitosine, purine, 2,
- Modifications of the sugar moiety include, for example, modification of the 2'position of ribose and modification of other moieties of sugar.
- the modification of the 2'position of ribose for example, the -OH group at the 2'position of ribose is OR, R, R'OR, SH, SR, NH 2 , NHR, NR 2 , N 3 , CN, F, Cl. , Br, I can be mentioned.
- R represents alkyl or aryl.
- Modifications of other portions of sugar include, for example, those in which the O at the 4'position of ribose or deoxyribose is replaced with S, those in which the 2'and 4'positions of sugar are crosslinked, for example, LNA (Locked Nucleic Acid). ) Or ENA (2'-O, 4'-C-Ethylene-bridged Nucleic Acids) and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- LNA Locked Nucleic Acid
- ENA 2'-O, 4'-C-Ethylene-bridged Nucleic Acids
- the phosphodiester bond is a phosphorothioate bond, a phosphorodithioate bond, an alkylphosphonate bond, a phosphoramidate bond, and a boranophosphate bond (Enya et al: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2008). , 18, 9154-9160) (see, for example, Patent Republishing Publication Nos. 2006/129594 and 2006/038608).
- alkyl a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable. Specific examples thereof include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, n-hexyl and isohexyl. Be done.
- the alkyl may be substituted, and examples of such substituents include halogen, alkoxy, cyano, and nitro, and 1 to 3 of these may be substituted.
- the cycloalkyl is preferably a cycloalkyl having 5 to 12 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclodecyl and cyclododecyl.
- examples of the halogen include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- Alkoxy includes linear or branched alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n-. Examples thereof include pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, n-hexyloxy, isohexyloxy and the like. In particular, alkoxy having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the aryl is preferably an aryl having 6 to 10 carbon atoms. Specifically, for example, phenyl, ⁇ -naphthyl, ⁇ -naphthyl can be mentioned. Phenyl is particularly preferable.
- the aryl may be substituted, and examples of such substituents include alkyl, halogen, alkoxy, cyano, and nitro, and 1 to 3 of these may be substituted.
- the alkylene a linear or branched alkylene having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable.
- examples of the acyl include linear or branched alkanoyl or aloyl.
- alkanoyl include formyl, acetyl, 2-methylacetyl, 2,2-dimethylacetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, pentanoyl, 2,2-dimethylpropionyl, hexanoyl and the like.
- aloyl include benzoyl, toluoil, and naphthoyl. Such aloyl may be substituted at a substitutable position or may be substituted with an alkyl.
- the oligonucleotide of the present invention preferably has a group represented by the following general formula as a constituent unit in which the -OH group at the 2'position of ribose is replaced with methoxy and the phosphate binding moiety is a phosphorothioate bond.
- Antisense oligomer In the formula, Base represents a nucleobase.
- the oligonucleotide of the present invention can be easily synthesized using various automatic synthesizers (for example, AKTA oligopilot plus 10/100 (GE Healthcare)), or can be easily synthesized by a third party organization (for example, Promega, Inc.). It can also be manufactured by outsourcing to Takara Co., Ltd. or Nippon Bioservice Co., Ltd.).
- automatic synthesizers for example, AKTA oligopilot plus 10/100 (GE Healthcare)
- a third party organization for example, Promega, Inc.
- It can also be manufactured by outsourcing to Takara Co., Ltd. or Nippon Bioservice Co., Ltd.).
- the morpholino oligomer of the present invention is an antisense oligomer of the present invention having a group represented by the following general formula as a constituent unit.
- Base is synonymous with the above; W represents a group represented by any of the following equations.
- X represents -CH 2 R 1 , -O-CH 2 R 1 , -S-CH 2 R 1 , -NR 2 R 3 or F;
- R 1 represents H, alkyl;
- R 2 and R 3 represent H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl, the same or different;
- Y 1 represents O, S, CH 2 or NR 1 ;
- Y 2 represents O, S or NR 1 ;
- Z represents O or S.
- Examples of the morpholinomonomer compound used for the synthesis of the morpholino oligomer of the present invention include the following morpholinomonomer compound (A), morpholinomonomer compound (C), morpholinomonomer compound (T), and morpholinomonomer compound (G). However, it is not limited to these.
- the morpholino oligomer is preferably an oligomer having a group represented by the following formula as a constituent unit (phosphologiamidate morpholino oligomer (hereinafter referred to as “PMO”)).
- PMO phosphologiamidate morpholino oligomer
- Base, R 2 and R 3 have the same meanings as described above.
- the morpholino oligomer of the present invention includes nucleobases, morpholino ring moieties, phosphate binding moieties, and all or part of the 3'end and / or 5'end that make up such oligomers.
- Modifications of the phosphate binding moiety include, for example, phosphorodiamidate binding, phosphorothioate binding, phosphorodithioate binding, alkylphosphonate binding, phosphoroamidate binding, borane phosphate bond (Enya et al., Bioorganic & Medicinal). Chemistry, 2008, 18, 9154-9160) can be mentioned (see, for example, Patent Republishing Publications 2006/129594 and 2006/038608).
- Morpholine oligomers can be prepared, for example, in accordance with WO 1991/090333 or WO 2009/064471.
- the PMO can be produced according to the method described in WO 2009/064471, or can be produced according to the method shown below.
- PMO manufacturing method As one aspect of the PMO, for example, a compound represented by the following general formula (I) (hereinafter referred to as PMO (I)) can be mentioned.
- PMO (I) a compound represented by the following general formula (I) (hereinafter referred to as PMO (I))
- PMO (I) a compound represented by the following general formula (I)
- each Base, R 2 and R 3 are synonymous with the above;
- n is any integer in the range 1-99, preferably any integer in the range 15-34, 15-24 or 15-22, more preferably 18 or 19. is there.
- n is any integer in the range 1-99, preferably any integer in the range 15-34, 15-24 or 15-22, more preferably 18 or 19. is there.
- PMO (I) can be produced according to a known method, and can be produced, for example, by carrying out the following steps.
- the compounds and reagents used in the following steps are not particularly limited as long as they are generally used in the production of PMO.
- all the following steps can be carried out by the liquid phase method or the solid phase method (manual or using a commercially available solid phase automatic synthesizer).
- a method using an automatic synthesizer is desirable from the viewpoint of simplification of the operation procedure and accuracy of synthesis.
- Step A By allowing an acid to act on the compound represented by the following general formula (II) (hereinafter referred to as compound (II)), the compound represented by the following general formula (III) (hereinafter referred to as compound (III)). .) The process of manufacturing.
- n, R 2 and R 3 are synonymous with the above; Each BP independently represents a nucleobase that may be protected; T represents a trityl group, a monomethoxytrityl group, or a dimethoxytrityl group; L represents hydrogen, an acyl, or a group represented by the following general formula (IV) (hereinafter referred to as a group (IV)).
- nucleobase related to BP
- the same “nucleobase” as Base can be mentioned.
- the amino group or hydroxyl group of the nucleobase related to BP may be protected.
- the protecting group for such an amino group is not particularly limited as long as it is used as a protecting group for a nucleic acid, and specifically, for example, benzoyl, 4-methoxybenzoyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, and phenylacetyl. , Phenoxyacetyl, 4-tert-butylphenoxyacetyl, 4-isopropylphenoxyacetyl, (dimethylamino) methylene.
- the protecting group for the hydroxyl group includes, for example, 2-cyanoethyl, 4-nitrophenethyl, phenylsulfonylethyl, methylsulfonylethyl, trimethylsilylethyl, and 1 to 5 electron-withdrawing groups at arbitrary substitutable positions.
- the “solid phase carrier” is not particularly limited as long as it is a carrier that can be used for the solid phase reaction of nucleic acid, and for example, (i) reagents that can be used for the synthesis of morpholino nucleic acid derivatives (for example, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, tetrazole, etc. It is almost insoluble in N-methylimidazole, pyridine, anhydrous acetic acid, lutidine, trifluoroacetic acid), is chemically stable to reagents that can be used for the synthesis of (ii) morpholino nucleic acid derivatives, and (iii) is chemically modified.
- morpholino nucleic acid derivatives for example, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, tetrazole, etc. It is almost insoluble in N-methylimidazole, pyridine, anhydrous acetic acid, lutidine, trifluoroacetic acid
- swellable polystyrene for example, aminomethylpolystyrene resin 1% divinylbenzene crosslinked (200 to 400 mesh) (2.4 to 3.0 mmol / g) (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Co., Ltd.), Aminomethylated Polystyrene Resin ⁇ HCl [ Divinylbenzene 1%, 100-200 mesh] (manufactured by Peptide Research Institute), non-swelling polystyrene (eg, Primer Support (manufactured by GE Healthcare)), PEG chain-linked polystyrene (eg, NH 2- PEG resin) Watanabe Kagaku Co., Ltd.), TentaGel resin), polystyrene (for example, aminomethylpolystyrene resin 1% divinylbenzene crosslinked (200 to 400 mesh) (2.4 to 3.0 mmol / g) (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Co., Ltd
- This step can be carried out by allowing an acid to act on compound (II).
- Examples of the "acid” that can be used in this step include trifluoroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, and trichloroacetic acid.
- the amount of the acid used is, for example, preferably in the range of 0.1 molar equivalent to 1000 molar equivalent, preferably in the range of 1 molar equivalent to 100 molar equivalent, relative to 1 mol of compound (II).
- an organic amine can be used together with the acid.
- the organic amine is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include triethylamine.
- the amount of the organic amine used is, for example, preferably in the range of 0.01 molar equivalent to 10 molar equivalent, preferably in the range of 0.1 molar equivalent to 2 molar equivalent, relative to 1 mol of acid. ..
- a salt or mixture of an acid and an organic amine is used in this step, for example, a salt or a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid and triethylamine can be mentioned, and more specifically, with respect to 2 equivalents of trifluoroacetic acid.
- a mixture of 1 equivalent of triethylamine can be mentioned.
- the acid that can be used in this step can also be diluted with an appropriate solvent so as to have a concentration in the range of 0.1% to 30%.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not participate in the reaction, and examples thereof include dichloromethane, acetonitrile, alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol, trifluoroethanol, etc.), water, or a mixture thereof.
- the reaction temperature in the above reaction is, for example, preferably in the range of 10 ° C. to 50 ° C., more preferably in the range of 20 ° C. to 40 ° C., and further preferably in the range of 25 ° C. to 35 ° C.
- the reaction time varies depending on the type of acid used and the reaction temperature, but is usually in the range of 0.1 minutes to 24 hours. Preferably, it is in the range of 1 minute to 5 hours.
- a base can be added to neutralize the acid present in the system, if necessary.
- the “base” is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include diisopropylethylamine.
- the base can also be used by diluting it with a suitable solvent so that the concentration is in the range of 0.1% (v / v) to 30% (v / v).
- the solvent used in this step is not particularly limited as long as it is not involved in the reaction, and examples thereof include dichloromethane, acetonitrile, alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol, trifluoroethanol, etc.), water, or a mixture thereof.
- the reaction temperature is, for example, preferably in the range of 10 ° C.
- reaction time varies depending on the type of base used and the reaction temperature, but is usually preferably in the range of 0.1 minutes to 24 hours, preferably in the range of 1 minute to 5 hours.
- Step 1 A step of producing a compound represented by the following general formula (VI) (hereinafter referred to as compound (VI)) by allowing an acylating agent to act on the compound represented by the following general formula (V).
- a compound represented by the following general formula (VI) hereinafter referred to as compound (VI)
- an acylating agent to act on the compound represented by the following general formula (V).
- This step can be carried out by introducing a known linker using compound (V) as a starting material.
- the compound represented by the following general formula (VIa) can be produced by carrying out a method known as an esterification reaction using compound (V) and succinic anhydride.
- BP and T are synonymous with the above.
- Step 2 A step of producing compound (IIa) by reacting compound (VI) with a solid phase carrier by allowing a condensing agent or the like to act on the compound (VI).
- B P, R 4, T, linker, solid support, as defined above. This step can be produced by a method known as a condensation reaction using compound (VI) and a solid phase carrier.
- n 2 to 99 (preferably any integer in the range 16 to 35, 16 to 25 or 16 to 23, preferably 19 or 20), L.
- the compound represented by the following general formula (IIa2), which is based on (IV), uses the compound (IIa) as a starting material, and desires step A and step B according to the method for producing PMO described in the present specification.
- n'is 1 to 98 in a particular embodiment, n'is, for example, 1 to 34, 1 to 24, 1 to 23, 1 to 22, 1 to 21, 1 to 20, 1 to 19, 1 to 18; 1 to 17, 1 to 16, 1 to 15).
- Step B A step of producing a compound represented by the following general formula (VII) (hereinafter referred to as compound (VII)) by allowing a morpholino monomer compound to act on compound (III) in the presence of a base.
- VII general formula
- This step can be carried out by allowing the morpholino monomer compound to act on the compound (III) in the presence of a base.
- Examples of the morpholinomonomer compound include a compound represented by the following general formula (VIII). [In the formula, BP , R 2 , R 3 , and T are synonymous with the above. ]
- Examples of the "base” that can be used in this step include diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine, and N-ethylmorpholine. The amount of the base used is, for example, appropriately in the range of 1 molar equivalent to 1000 molar equivalents, preferably in the range of 10 molar equivalents to 100 molar equivalents, relative to 1 mol of compound (III).
- the morpholinomonomer compound and base that can be used in this step can also be diluted with an appropriate solvent so as to have a concentration of 0.1% to 30%.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not participate in the reaction, and examples thereof include N, N-dimethylimidazolidone, N-methylpiperidone, DMF, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, terrorahydrofuran, or a mixture thereof.
- the reaction temperature is, for example, preferably in the range of 0 ° C. to 100 ° C., more preferably in the range of 10 ° C. to 50 ° C.
- the reaction time varies depending on the type of base used and the reaction temperature, but is usually in the range of 1 minute to 48 hours, preferably in the range of 30 minutes to 24 hours.
- an acylating agent can be added as needed.
- the "acylating agent” include acetic anhydride, chloride acetate, and phenoxyacetic anhydride.
- the acylating agent can also be used, for example, diluted with an appropriate solvent so as to have a concentration in the range of 0.1% to 30%.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not participate in the reaction, and examples thereof include dichloromethane, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol, trifluoroethanol, etc.), water, or a mixture thereof.
- bases such as pyridine, lutidine, colisine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, and N-ethylmorpholine can be used together with the acylating agent.
- the amount of the acylating agent used is preferably in the range of 0.1 molar equivalent to 10000 molar equivalent, and more preferably in the range of 1 molar equivalent to 1000 molar equivalent.
- the amount of the base used is, for example, preferably in the range of 0.1 molar equivalent to 100 molar equivalent, preferably in the range of 1 molar equivalent to 10 molar equivalent, relative to 1 mol of the acylating agent.
- the reaction temperature of this reaction is preferably in the range of 10 ° C.
- reaction time varies depending on, for example, the type of acylating agent used and the reaction temperature, but is usually preferably in the range of 0.1 minutes to 24 hours, preferably in the range of 1 minute to 5 hours.
- Step C In the compound (VII) produced in step B, a step of removing a protecting group using a deprotecting agent to produce a compound represented by the general formula (IX).
- a step of removing a protecting group using a deprotecting agent to produce a compound represented by the general formula (IX).
- This step can be carried out by allowing a deprotecting agent to act on compound (VII).
- Examples of the "deprotecting agent” include concentrated aqueous ammonia and methylamine.
- the "deprotecting agent” that can be used in this step is, for example, diluted with water, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, DMF, N, N-dimethylimidazolidone, N-methylpiperidone or a mixed solvent thereof. It can also be used. Of these, ethanol is preferable.
- the amount of the deprotecting agent used is, for example, preferably in the range of 1 mol equivalent to 100,000 molar equivalents, preferably in the range of 10 molar equivalents to 1000 molar equivalents, relative to 1 mol of compound (VII). Is.
- the reaction temperature is, for example, appropriately in the range of 15 ° C. to 75 ° C., preferably in the range of 40 ° C. to 70 ° C., and more preferably in the range of 50 ° C. to 60 ° C.
- the deprotection reaction time varies depending on the type of compound (VII), reaction temperature, etc., but is appropriately in the range of 10 minutes to 30 hours, preferably in the range of 30 minutes to 24 hours, and more preferably 5 It is in the range of hours to 20 hours.
- Step D A step of producing PMO (I) by allowing an acid to act on the compound (IX) produced in step C.
- This step can be carried out by adding an acid to compound (IX).
- Examples of the "acid” that can be used in this step include trichloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid and the like.
- the amount of the acid used for example, it is appropriate to use the solution so that the pH is in the range of 0.1 to 4.0, and more preferably in the range of 1.0 to 3.0.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not participate in the reaction, and examples thereof include acetonitrile, water, and a mixed solvent thereof.
- the reaction temperature is preferably in the range of 10 ° C. to 50 ° C., more preferably in the range of 20 ° C. to 40 ° C., and even more preferably in the range of 25 ° C. to 35 ° C.
- the deprotection reaction time varies depending on the type of compound (IX), reaction temperature, etc., but is preferably in the range of 0.1 minutes to 5 hours, preferably in the range of 1 minute to 1 hour, and more preferably. Is in the range of 1 to 30 minutes.
- PMO (I) are conventional separation and purification means from the reaction mixture obtained in this step, for example, extraction, concentration, neutralization, filtration, centrifugation, recrystallization, reversed phase column chromatography from C 8 C 18, It can be obtained by using means such as cation exchange column chromatography, anion exchange column chromatography, gel filtration column chromatography, high-speed liquid chromatography, dialysis, and limit filtration alone or in combination, and a desired PMO (I) can be obtained. ) Can be isolated and purified (see, eg, WO 1991/09033).
- a mixed solution of, for example, 20 mM triethylamine / acetate buffer and acetonitrile can be used as the elution solvent.
- purifying PMO (I) by ion exchange chromatography for example, a mixed solution of 1 M saline solution and 10 mM sodium hydroxide aqueous solution can be used.
- the peptide nucleic acid is an antisense oligomer of the present invention having a group represented by the following general formula as a constituent unit. (In the formula, Base is synonymous with the above.)
- Peptide nucleic acids can be produced, for example, according to the following literature. 1) P. E. Nielsen, M. Egholm, R. H. Berg, O. Buchardt, Science, 254, 1497 (1991) 2) M. Egholm, O. Buchardt, P. E. Nielsen, R. H. Berg, Jacs., 114, 1895 (1992) 3) K. L. Dueholm, M. Egholm, C. Behrens, L. Christensen, H. F. Hansen, T. Vulpius, K. H. Petersen, R. H. Berg, P. E. Nielsen, O. Buchardt, J. Org. Chem., 59, 5767 (1994) 4) L.
- the 5'end may be a group according to any of the following chemical formulas (1) to (3). It is preferably (3) -OH.
- the groups represented by the above (1), (2) and (3) are referred to as “group (1)”, “group (2)” and “group (3)”, respectively.
- the stereochemistry of the phosphorus atom may contain a compound that is optically pure.
- a person skilled in the art can obtain a pure optically active substance from a mixture of isomers (International Publication No. 2017/024264).
- the antisense oligomer of the present invention may be synthesized as a pure optically active substance.
- a person skilled in the art can control the synthesis reaction to obtain a pure optically active substance (Publication Patent Publication No. 2018-537952).
- the antisense oligomer of the present invention is a complex with a functional peptide aimed at improving efficacy (for example, a membrane-permeable peptide aimed at improving transport efficiency to target cells). It may be formed (International Publication No. 2008/036127, International Publication No. 2009/005793, International Publication No. 2012/150960, International Publication No. 2016/187425, International Publication No. 2018/118662. , International Publication No. 2018/118599, International Publication No.
- the binding site is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the 5'-terminal or 3'-terminal of the antisense oligomer is bound to the amino-terminal or carboxyl-terminal of the functional peptide.
- the antisense oligomer of the present invention and the functional peptide may form a complex via a linker.
- the linker is not particularly limited, but the 5'end or 3'end of the antisense oligomer is bound to one end of the linker, and the amino terminus or carboxyl terminus of the functional peptide is bound to the other end of the linker. Is preferable. In addition, additional amino acids may be present between the functional peptide and the linker.
- the antisense oligomer of the present invention can induce skipping of exon 50 with high efficiency even when its length is shorter than that of the antisense oligomer according to the prior art.
- the antisense oligomer of the present invention has excellent solubility while maintaining the activity of inducing skipping of exon 50 with high efficiency. Therefore, any DMD patient with a mutation in the dystrophin gene that is subject to skipping of Exxon 50 (eg, frameshift mutation, missense mutation / nonsense mutation in Exxon 50, etc.) will have the antisense of the invention. It is predicted that the administration of oligomers can alleviate the symptoms of muscle dystrophy with high efficiency.
- the symptoms of muscular dystrophy can be alleviated with high efficiency by administering the antisense oligomer of the present invention to a DMD patient having a predetermined mutant dystrophin gene lacking an exon at least in the vicinity of exon 50. ..
- the predetermined mutant dystrophin gene is a dystrophin gene in which the reading frame of an amino acid is modified when at least an exon near exon 50 is deleted to have a frameshift mutation and the exon 50 is omitted (when skipped). Means. DMD patients with frameshift mutations due to having deletions of exons 51, 51-53, 51-55, 51-57, etc. can be mentioned.
- the pharmaceutical composition containing the antisense oligomer of the present invention is subjected to DMD patients (patients having a mutation that in-frames with Exxon 50 skipping, for example, Exxon 51-deficient patients, Exxon 51-53 deletion). It is predicted that administration to patients, exxon 51-55 deficient patients, exxon 51-57 deficient patients, etc.) can alleviate the symptoms of muscular dystrophy with high efficiency.
- DMD patients patients having a mutation that in-frames with Exxon 50 skipping, for example, Exxon 51-deficient patients, Exxon 51-53 deletion.
- administration to patients, exxon 51-55 deficient patients, exxon 51-57 deficient patients, etc. can alleviate the symptoms of muscular dystrophy with high efficiency.
- the pharmaceutical composition containing the antisense oligomer of the present invention is used, the same therapeutic effect can be obtained even with a small dose as compared with the oligomer according to the prior art, so that side effects can be reduced and
- composition of the present invention a pharmaceutical composition for treating muscular dystrophy containing the antisense oligomer of the present invention, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof as an active ingredient (hereinafter, referred to as "composition of the present invention").
- composition of the present invention a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof as an active ingredient
- the present invention also provides a method for treating muscular dystrophy, which comprises the step of administering the antisense oligomer of the present invention to a DMD patient.
- the antisense oligomer of the present invention may be administered as the pharmaceutical composition for treating muscular dystrophy. Furthermore, the present invention provides the use of the antisense oligomer of the present invention in the production of a pharmaceutical composition for treating muscular dystrophy, and the antisense oligomer of the present invention for use in the treatment of muscular dystrophy.
- Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the antisense oligomers of the invention contained in the compositions of the invention include alkali metal salts such as sodium salts, potassium salts, lithium salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts and the like. Alkaline earth metal salts; metal salts such as aluminum salts, iron salts, zinc salts, copper salts, nickel salts, cobalt salts; ammonium salts; t-octylamine salts, dibenzylamine salts, morpholin salts, glucosamine salts, phenylglycine Alkyl ester salt, ethylenediamine salt, N-methylglucamine salt, guanidine salt, diethylamine salt, triethylamine salt, dicyclohexylamine salt, N, N'-dibenzylethylenediamine salt, chloroprocine salt, prokine salt, diethanolamine salt, N-benzyl -Organic amine salts such as phenethylamine salt
- Hydrochlorides Inorganic acid salts such as nitrates, perchlorates, sulfates, phosphates; Lower alcan sulfonates such as methane sulfonates, trifluoromethane sulfonates, ethane sulfonates; benzene Alyl sulfonates such as sulfonates, p-toluene sulfonates; organics such as acetates, malates, fumarates, succinates, citrates, tartrates, oxalates, maleates.
- Acid salts examples include glycine salts, lysine salts, arginine salts, ornithine salts, glutamate salts, amino acid salts such as asparaginate salts. These salts can be produced by known methods. Alternatively, the antisense oligomer of the invention contained in the composition of the invention may be in the form of its hydrate.
- the administration form of the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a pharmaceutically acceptable administration form, and can be selected according to the treatment method, but from the viewpoint of ease of delivery to muscle tissue, intravenously.
- Intra-arterial administration, intra-arterial administration, intramuscular administration, subcutaneous administration, oral administration, intra-tissue administration, transdermal administration and the like are preferable.
- the dosage form that the composition of the present invention can take is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include various injections, oral preparations, drip infusions, inhalants, ointments, lotions, and the like.
- the composition of the invention can include a carrier that facilitates delivery of the oligomer to muscle tissue.
- a carrier is not particularly limited as long as it is pharmaceutically acceptable, and examples thereof include a cationic carrier such as a cationic liposome and a cationic polymer, or a carrier utilizing a viral envelope. ..
- cationic liposomes include liposomes formed containing 2-O- (2-diethylaminoethyl) carbamoyl-1,3-O-dioreoilglycerol and phospholipids as essential constituents (hereinafter, "liposomes A").
- Examples of the cationic polymer include JetSI (registered trademark) (manufactured by Qbiogene) and Jet-PEI (registered trademark) (polyethyleneimine, manufactured by Qbiogene).
- Examples of the carrier using the virus envelope include GenomeOne (registered trademark) (HVJ-E liposome, manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.).
- the pharmaceutical device described in Japanese Patent No. 2924179, the cationic carrier described in Patent Republishing Publication No. 2006/129594 and Patent Republishing Publication No. 2008/096690 can also be used.
- US Pat. Nos. 4,235,871, 4,737,323, WO 96/14057 "New RRC, Liposomes: A practical approach, IRL Press, Oxford (1990) pages 33-" 104 ”etc. can be referred to.
- the concentration of the antisense oligomer of the present invention contained in the composition of the present invention varies depending on the type of carrier and the like, but in one embodiment, the range of 0.1 nM to 100 ⁇ M is appropriate, and the concentration is in the range of 100 nM to 10 ⁇ M. Is preferable.
- the weight ratio of the antisense oligomer of the present invention to the carrier (carrier / antisense oligomer of the present invention) contained in the composition of the present invention varies depending on the properties of the oligomer, the type of the carrier, and the like. The range of 1 to 100 is suitable, and the range of 0.1 to 10 is preferable.
- composition of the present invention may be in the form of an aqueous solution.
- the composition of the present invention contains the antisense oligomer of the present invention in an amount of 2.5 to 500 mg / mL, 5 to 450 mg / mL, 10 to 400 mg / mL, 15 to 350 mg / mL, 20 to 300 mg / mL.
- the composition of the present invention contains the antisense oligomer of the present invention in an amount of 10 to 100 mg / mL, 15 to 95 mg / mL, 20 to 80 mg / mL, 25 to 75 mg / mL, 30 to 70 mg / mL, 35 to 65 mg.
- the composition of the present invention may be in a dry form.
- the composition of the present invention in a dry form containing 125 mg or 250 mg of the antisense oligomer of the present invention in a dry form is added to 0.5 mL to 100 mL of water.
- the antisense oligomer concentration of the present invention of 1.25 mg / mL to 250 mg / mL or 2.5 mg / mL to 500 mg / mL
- preferably mixed with 1 mL to 50 mL of water 2.
- composition of the present invention may optionally contain a pharmaceutically acceptable additive.
- additives include, for example, emulsifying aids (eg, fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, albumin, dextran), stabilizers (eg, cholesterol, phosphatidic acid, sucrose, mannitol, etc.).
- Sorbitol, xylitol Sorbitol, xylitol
- isotonic agents eg sodium chloride, glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, trehalose, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol
- pH regulators eg hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide
- Potassium hydroxide Triethanolamine
- the composition of the present invention can be prepared by adding the antisense oligomer of the present invention to the dispersion liquid of the carrier and stirring appropriately. Further, the additive can be added in an appropriate step before or after the addition of the antisense oligomer of the present invention.
- the aqueous solvent that can be used when adding the antisense oligomer of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is pharmaceutically acceptable, and for example, water for injection. , Distilled water for injection, electrolyte solution such as physiological saline, and sugar solution such as glucose solution and maltose solution. Further, conditions such as pH and temperature in such a case can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art.
- the composition of the present invention can be, for example, a liquid preparation or a lyophilized preparation thereof.
- the lyophilized preparation can be prepared by freeze-drying the composition of the present invention having the form of a liquid agent by a conventional method. For example, after appropriately sterilizing the composition of the present invention having the form of a liquid preparation, a predetermined amount is dispensed into a vial, and pre-freezing is performed under the condition of about -40 to -20 ° C for about 2 hours. Then, the primary drying can be performed at about 0 to 10 ° C. under reduced pressure, and then the secondary drying can be performed at about 15 to 25 ° C. under reduced pressure to freeze-dry. Then, in general, the inside of the vial can be replaced with nitrogen gas and stoppered to obtain a lyophilized preparation of the composition of the present invention.
- the lyophilized preparation of the composition of the present invention can generally be redissolved and used by adding an arbitrary suitable solution (resolving solution).
- a suitable solution include water for injection, physiological saline, and other general infusion solutions.
- the amount of this redissolved solution varies depending on the intended use and is not particularly limited, but 0.5 to 2 times the amount of the solution before freeze-drying, or 500 mL or less is appropriate.
- the dose of the composition of the present invention should be determined in consideration of the type of antisense oligomer of the present invention contained, the dosage form, the patient's condition such as age and body weight, the route of administration, and the nature and degree of the disease.
- the amount of the antisense oligomer of the present invention for adults is generally in the range of 0.1 mg to 10 g / human, preferably in the range of 1 mg to 1 g / human per day. Is the target. This value may also vary depending on the type of target disease, dosage form, and target molecule. Therefore, in some cases, less than this may be sufficient, and conversely, higher doses may be required. It can also be administered once to several times a day or at intervals of one to several days.
- composition of the present invention a pharmaceutical composition containing a vector capable of expressing the oligonucleotide of the present invention and the above-mentioned carrier can be mentioned.
- Such an expression vector may express a plurality of oligonucleotides of the present invention.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable additive can be added to the composition.
- concentration of the expression vector contained in the composition varies depending on the type of carrier and the like, but in one embodiment, the range of 0.1 nM to 100 ⁇ M is appropriate, and the concentration of 100 nM to 10 ⁇ M is preferable. ..
- the weight ratio of the expression vector to the carrier (carrier / expression vector) contained in the composition varies depending on the properties of the expression vector, the type of carrier, etc., but is appropriately in the range of 0.1 to 100, and is 0. The range of 1 to 10 is preferable. Further, the content of the carrier contained in the composition is the same as that of the composition of the present invention containing the antisense oligomer of the present invention, and the preparation method thereof is also the case of the composition of the present invention. Is similar to.
- Example 1 Production of antisense oligomer
- H50_109-129 is antisense when the base at the 5'end of exon 50 of the human dystrophin gene is the first base and the bases following the 3'side are numbered in order. It is shown that the oligomer targets the sequence of the 109th to 129th bases. Since the total length of the exon 50 is 109 bases, in this example, the 110th to 130th base sequences in the target base sequence are the base sequences in the intron 50.
- Example 2 Exon skipping activity test of antisense oligomer
- In vitro test of exxon 50 skipping of human dystrophin gene (1) Test method Each of Table 1 for 3.5 ⁇ 10 5 RD cells (human dystrophin myoma cell line, CCL-136, purchased from ATCC) Antisense oligomers 0.1-1 ⁇ M were introduced by Nucleoctor II (Lonza) using Amaxa Cell Line Nucleofector Kit L. T-030 was used as the pulse program for introduction.
- the RD cells after introduction are mixed in 2 mL of Eagle's minimal essential medium (EMEM) medium (manufactured by Sigma, the same applies hereinafter) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (manufactured by Invitrogen) at 37 ° C. and 5% CO.
- EMEM Eagle's minimal essential medium
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- the cells were cultured under two conditions for three nights.
- PBS manufactured by Nissui, the same applies hereinafter
- Buffer RA1 manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.
- 2-mercaptoethanol manufactured by Nacalai Tesque
- One-Step RT-PCR was performed on 400 ng of the extracted total RNA using a QIAGEN OneStep RT-PCR Kit (manufactured by Qiagen) and a thermal cycler.
- the reaction solution was prepared according to the protocol attached to the above kit.
- As the thermal cycler TakaRa PCR Thermal Cycler Dice Touch (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.) was used.
- the RT-PCR program used is as follows.
- forward primer 5'-AACAACCGGATGTGGAAGAG -3'(SEQ ID NO: 9)
- Reverse primer 5'-TTGGAGATGGGCAGTTTCCTT -3'(SEQ ID NO: 10)
- PMO No. 3 and 4 and PMO No. Since the degree of duplication of the target base sequences in 5 to 7 is large, PMO No. 5 for skipping exon 50.
- the effectiveness of 3 and 4 is noteworthy. From this result, it was shown that the antisense oligomer of the present invention can induce skipping of exon 50 with high efficiency even when its length is shorter than that of the prior art.
- Example 3 Solubility test of antisense oligomer
- Solubility test of antisense oligomer in physiological saline Among the antisense oligomers having high skipping efficiency ES in Example 2, the total length is as short as 19 to 20 mer and the synthesis is easy.
- a solubility test in physiological saline was conducted.
- Test method 45 ⁇ L of physiological saline was added to a sample bottle containing 4.5 mg of each of the above antisense oligomers, and the mixture was stirred using ultrasonic waves and vortex to prepare a 100 mg / mL aqueous saline solution. The sequence was allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 hours, and those without precipitation were evaluated as highly soluble sequences.
- the antisense oligomer of the present invention induces skipping of exon 50 in RD cells with extremely high efficiency. Therefore, the antisense oligomers of the invention are very useful in the treatment of DMD.
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Abstract
Description
[1]
下記(a)~(d):
(a)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列を含むアンチセンスオリゴマー;
(b)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列に対して1~5個の塩基が欠失、置換、挿入、および/または付加された塩基配列を含み、かつヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを誘導する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴマー;
(c)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列に対して、80%以上の配列同一性を有する塩基配列を含み、かつヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを誘導する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴマー;および
(d)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるオリゴヌクレオチドとストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズするアンチセンスオリゴマーであって、かつヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを誘導する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴマー
からなる群から選択されるアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。
[2]
以下の(e)~(h):
(e)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列からなるアンチセンスオリゴマー;
(f)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列に対して1~5個の塩基が欠失および/または置換された塩基配列からなり、かつヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを誘導する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴマー;
(g)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列に対して、80%以上の配列同一性を有する塩基配列からなり、かつヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを誘導する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴマー;および
(h)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるオリゴヌクレオチドと高ストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズするアンチセンスオリゴマーであって、かつヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを誘導する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴマー
からなる群から選択されるアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。
[3]
前記アンチセンスオリゴマーが、
配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列に対して、90%以上の配列同一性を有するヌクレオチド配列を有し、かつヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを誘導する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴマー
である、上記[1]又は[2]に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。
[4]
オリゴヌクレオチドである、上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。
[5]
前記オリゴヌクレオチドを構成する少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドの糖部分及び/又はリン酸結合部分が修飾されている、上記[4]に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。
[6]
前記オリゴヌクレオチドを構成する少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドの糖部分が、2’位の-OH基が、OR、R、R’OR、SH、SR、NH2、NHR、NR2、N3、CN、F、Cl、Br及びIからなる群より選択されるいずれかの基で置換されたリボースである、上記[4]又は[5]に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。
(上記Rは、アルキル又はアリールを示し、上記R’は、アルキレンを示す。)
[7]
前記オリゴヌクレオチドを構成する少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドのリン酸結合部分が、ホスホロチオエート結合、ホスホロジチオエート結合、アルキルホスホネート結合、ホスホロアミデート結合、及びボラノフォスフェート結合からなる群から選択されるいずれか1つのものである、上記[4]~[6]のいずれかに記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。
[8]
モルホリノオリゴマーである、上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。
[9]
ホスホロジアミデートモルホリノオリゴマーである、上記[8]に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。
[10]
5’末端が、下記化学式(1)~(3):
のいずれかの基である、上記[8]又は[9]に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。
[11]
アンチセンスオリゴマーの長さが19または20塩基である、上記[1]~[10]のいずれかに記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。
[12]
上記[1]~[11]のいずれかに記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物を含む、筋ジストロフィー治療用医薬組成物。
[13]
さらに医薬的に許容可能な担体を含む、上記[12]に記載の医薬組成物。
[14]
筋ジストロフィー患者に投与するための上記[12]または[13]に記載の医薬組成物であって、前記患者が、ジストロフィン遺伝子にエクソン50のスキッピングの対象となる変異を有する患者である、医薬組成物。
[15]
前記患者が、少なくともエクソン50近傍のエクソンの欠失によるフレームシフト突然変異を有するとともにエクソン50のスキッピングによりアミノ酸の読み取り枠が修正されるジストロフィン遺伝子を有する、上記[14]に記載の医薬組成物。
[16]
前記患者が、ジストロフィン遺伝子にエクソン51、51-53、51-55、または51-57の欠失によるフレームシフト突然変異を有する、上記[14]または[15]に記載の医薬組成物。
[17]
前記患者がヒトである、上記[14]~[16]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
[18]
筋ジストロフィー治療用医薬の製造における上記[1]~[11]のいずれかに記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物の使用。
[19]
上記[1]~[11]のいずれかに記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物の有効量、または上記[12]~[16]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物を、筋ジストロフィー患者に投与する工程を含む、筋ジストロフィーの治療方法。
[20]
前記患者がヒトである、上記[19]に記載の治療方法。
[21]
筋ジストロフィーの治療に使用するための、上記[1]~[11]のいずれかに記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物、または上記[12]~[16]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
[22]
前記治療において、筋ジストロフィー患者がヒトである、上記[21]に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物、または医薬組成物。
本発明は、ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子の第50番目のエクソンを高効率にスキッピングするアンチセンスオリゴマー(以下、「本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマー」という)を提供する。
本発明において、「遺伝子」には、ゲノム遺伝子以外に、cDNA、mRNA前駆体及びmRNAも含まれる。好ましくは、遺伝子は、mRNA前駆体、即ち、pre-mRNAである。
ヒトゲノムにおいて、ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子は遺伝子座Xp21.2に存在する。ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子は、220万塩基対のサイズを有しており、既知のヒト遺伝子としては最大の遺伝子である。但し、ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のコード領域はわずか14kbに過ぎず、該コード領域は79個のエクソンとしてジストロフィン遺伝子内に分散している(Roberts, RG., et al., Genomics, 16: 536-538 (1993); Koenig, M., et al., Cell 53 219-228,1988)。ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子の転写物であるpre-mRNAは、スプライシングを受けて14kbの成熟mRNAを生成する。ヒトの野生型ジストロフィン遺伝子の塩基配列は公知である(GenBank Accession No. NM_004006)。
ヒトの野生型ジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50とイントロン50の5’端付近の配列とを含む塩基配列を配列番号1に示す。
本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマーは、ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングにより、DMD型ジストロフィン遺伝子でコードされるタンパク質を、BMD型ジストロフィンタンパク質に改変することを目的として作製されたものである。従って、アンチセンスオリゴマーのエクソンスキッピングの対象となるジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50には、野生型だけではなく、変異型も含まれる。
(a)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列を含むアンチセンスオリゴマー;
(b)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列に対して1~5個、1~4個、1~3個、1~2個、または1個の塩基が欠失、置換、挿入、及び/又は付加された塩基配列を含み、かつヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを誘導する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴマー;
(c)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列に対して、80%以上、84%以上、85%以上、89%以上、90%以上、94%以上、または95%以上の配列同一性を有する塩基配列を含み、かつヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを誘導する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴマー;および
(d)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるオリゴヌクレオチドとストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズするアンチセンスオリゴマーであって、かつヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを誘導する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴマー
(e)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列からなるアンチセンスオリゴマー;
(f)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列に対して1~5個、1~4個、1~3個、1~2個、または1個の塩基が欠失および/または置換された塩基配列からなり、かつヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを誘導する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴマー;
(g)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列に対して、80%以上、84%以上、85%以上、89%以上、90%以上、94%以上、または95%以上の配列同一性を有する塩基配列からなり、かつヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを誘導する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴマー;および
(h)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるオリゴヌクレオチドと高ストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズするアンチセンスオリゴマーであって、かつヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを誘導する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴマー
糖のその他の部分の修飾としては、例えば、リボース又はデオキシリボースの4’位のOをSに置換したもの、糖の2’位と4’位を架橋したもの、例えば、LNA(Locked Nucleic Acid)又はENA(2’-O,4’-C-Ethylene-bridged Nucleic Acids)などが挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
本発明において、シクロアルキルとしては、炭素数5~12のシクロアルキルが好ましい。具体的には、例えば、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロヘプチル、シクロオクチル、シクロデシル、シクロドデシルが挙げられる。
本発明において、ハロゲンとしては、フッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素を挙げることができる。
アルコキシとしては、直鎖状または分枝鎖状の炭素数1~6のアルコキシ、例えば、メトキシ、エトキシ、n-プロポキシ、イソプロポキシ、n-ブトキシ、イソブトキシ、sec-ブトキシ、tert-ブトキシ、n-ペンチルオキシ、イソペンチルオキシ、n-ヘキシルオキシ、イソヘキシルオキシ等を挙げることができる。とりわけ、炭素数1~3のアルコキシが好ましい。
本発明において、アルキレンとしては、直鎖状または分枝鎖状の炭素数1~6のアルキレンが好ましい。具体的には、例えば、メチレン、エチレン、トリメチレン、テトラメチレン、ペンタメチレン、ヘキサメチレン、2-(エチル)トリメチレン、1-(メチル)テトラメチレンを挙げることができる。
本発明において、アシルとしては、直鎖状若しくは分枝鎖状のアルカノイル、又はアロイルを挙げることができる。アルカノイルとしては、例えば、ホルミル、アセチル、2-メチルアセチル、2,2-ジメチルアセチル、プロピオニル、ブチリル、イソブチリル、ペンタノイル、2,2-ジメチルプロピオニル、ヘキサノイル等が挙げられる。アロイルとしては、例えば、ベンゾイル、トルオイル、ナフトイルを挙げることができる。かかるアロイルは置換可能な位置において置換されていてもよく、アルキルで置換されていてもよい。
(式中、Baseは、核酸塩基を表す。)
(式中、Xは、-CH2R1、-O-CH2R1、-S-CH2R1、-NR2R3又はFを表し;
R1は、H、アルキルを表し;
R2及びR3は、同一又は異なって、H、アルキル、シクロアルキル、又は、アリールを表し;
Y1は、O、S、CH2又はNR1を表し;
Y2は、O、S又はNR1を表し;
Zは、O又はSを表す。))
(式中、Base、R2、R3は、前記と同義である。)
本発明モルホリノオリゴマーは、かかるオリゴマーを構成する核酸塩基、モルホリノ環部分、リン酸結合部分、3’末端及び/又は5’末端の全部又は一部が修飾されているものを含む。
モルホリノオリゴマーは、例えば、国際公開第1991/009033号、又は国際公開第2009/064471号に従って製造することができる。特に、PMOは、国際公開第2009/064471号に記載の方法に従って製造するか、又は以下に示す方法に従って製造することができる。
PMOの1つの態様として、例えば、次の一般式(I)で表される化合物(以下、PMO(I)という。)を挙げることができる。
[式中、各Base、R2、R3は、前記と同義であり;
nは、1~99の範囲内にある任意の整数であり、好ましくは、15~34、15~24又は15~22の範囲内にある任意の整数であり、より好ましくは、18又は19である。]
下記工程に使用されている化合物及び試薬は、PMOの製造に一般的に使用されているものであれば特に限定されない。
また、下記のすべての工程は、液相法又は固相法(マニュアル又は市販の固相自動合成機を用いる)で実施することができる。固相法でPMOを製造する場合、操作手順の簡便化及び合成の正確性の点から自動合成機を用いる方法が望ましい。
次の一般式(II)で表される化合物(以下、化合物(II)という。)に酸を作用させることによって、次の一般式(III)で表される化合物(以下、化合物(III)という。)を製造する工程。
[式中、n、R2、R3は、前記と同義であり;
各BPは,独立して、保護されていてもよい核酸塩基を表し;
Tは、トリチル基、モノメトキシトリチル基、又はジメトキシトリチル基を表し;
Lは、水素、アシル、又は次の一般式(IV)で表される基(以下、基(IV)という。)を表す。]
かかるアミノ基の保護基としては、核酸の保護基として使用されるものであれば特に制限されず、具体的には、例えば、ベンゾイル、4-メトキシベンゾイル、アセチル、プロピオニル、ブチリル、イソブチリル、フェニルアセチル、フェノキシアセチル、4-tert-ブチルフェノキシアセチル、4-イソプロピルフェノキシアセチル、(ジメチルアミノ)メチレンを挙げることができる。水酸基の保護基としては、例えば、2-シアノエチル、4-ニトロフェネチル、フェニルスルホニルエチル、メチルスルホニルエチル、トリメチルシリルエチル、置換可能な任意の位置で1~5個の電子吸引性基で置換されていてもよいフェニル、ジフェニルカルバモイル、ジメチルカルバモイル、ジエチルカルバモイル、メチルフェニルカルバモイル、1-ピロリジニルカルバモイル、モルホリノカルバモイル、4-(tert-ブチルカルボキシ)ベンジル、4-[(ジメチルアミノ)カルボキシ]ベンジル、4-(フェニルカルボキシ)ベンジルを挙げることができる(例えば、国際公開第2009/064471号公報参照)。
「リンカー」としては、通常核酸やモルホリノ核酸誘導体を連結するために使用される公知のものを用いることができるが、例えば、3-アミノプロピル、スクシニル、2,2’-ジエタノールスルホニル、ロングチェーンアルキルアミノ(LCAA)を挙げることができる。
また、前記酸と一緒に、有機アミンを使用することができる。有機アミンとしては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、トリエチルアミンを挙げることができる。有機アミンの使用量は、例えば、酸1モルに対して、0.01モル当量~10モル当量の範囲内が適当であり、好ましくは、0.1モル当量~2モル当量の範囲内である。
本工程において酸と有機アミンとの塩又は混合物を使用する場合には、例えば、トリフルオロ酢酸とトリエチルアミンの塩又は混合物を挙げることができ、より具体的には、トリフルオロ酢酸2当量に対してトリエチルアミン1当量を混合したものを挙げることができる。
本工程に使用しうる酸は、0.1%~30%の範囲内の濃度になるように適当な溶媒で希釈して使用することもできる。溶媒としては、反応に関与しなければ特に限定されないが、例えば、ジクロロメタン、アセトニトリル、アルコール類(エタノール、イソプロパノール、トリフルオロエタノールなど)、水又はこれらの混合物を挙げることができる。
反応時間は、使用する酸の種類、反応温度によって異なるが、通常0.1分~24時間の範囲内が適当である。好ましくは、1分~5時間の範囲内である。
本工程に用いる溶媒としては、反応に関与しなければ特に限定されないが、ジクロロメタン、アセトニトリル、アルコール類(エタノール、イソプロパノール、トリフルオロエタノールなど)、水又はこれらの混合物を挙げることができる。反応温度は、例えば、10℃~50℃の範囲内が好ましく、より好ましくは、20℃~40℃の範囲内であり、さらに好ましくは、25℃~35℃の範囲内である。
反応時間は、使用する塩基の種類、反応温度によって異なるが、通常0.1分~24時間の範囲内が適当であり、好ましくは、1分~5時間の範囲内である。
[式中、BP、T、リンカー、固相担体は、前記と同義である。]
次の一般式(V)で表される化合物にアシル化剤を作用させることによって、次の一般式(VI)で表される化合物(以下、化合物(VI)という。)を製造する工程。
[式中、BP、T、リンカーは、前記と同義であり;
R4は、水酸基、ハロゲン、カルボキシル基、又は、アミノを表す。]
特に、次の一般式(VIa)で表される化合物は、化合物(V)と無水コハク酸とを用いてエステル化反応として知られた方法を実施することにより製造することができる。
[式中、BP、Tは、前記と同義である。]
化合物(VI)に縮合剤等を作用させることによって、固相担体と反応させ、化合物(IIa)を製造する工程。
[式中、BP、R4、T、リンカー、固相担体は、前記と同義である。]
本工程は、化合物(VI)と固相担体とを用いて縮合反応として知られた方法により製造することができる。
化合物(II)において、n=2~99(好ましくは16~35、16~25又は16~23の範囲内にある任意の整数であり、好ましくは、19又は20である)であって、Lが基(IV)である、次の一般式(IIa2)で表される化合物は、化合物(IIa)を出発原料とし、本明細書に記載のPMOの製法にかかる工程A及び工程Bを所望の回数繰り返し実施することにより製造することができる。
[式中、BP、R2、R3、T、リンカー、固相担体は、前記と同義であり;
n’は、1~98(特定の態様ではn’は、例えば、1~34、1~24、1~23、1~22、1~21、1~20、1~19、1~18、1~17、1~16、1~15である)を表す。]
化合物(III)に塩基存在下にモルホリノモノマー化合物を作用させることによって、次の一般式(VII)で表される化合物(以下、化合物(VII)という。)を製造する工程。
[式中、各BP、L、n、R2、R3、Tは、前記と同義である。]
[式中、BP、R2、R3、Tは前記と同義である。]
本工程に使用しうる「塩基」としては、例えば、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、又は、N-エチルモルホリンを挙げることができる。塩基の使用量としては、例えば、化合物(III)1モルに対して、1モル当量~1000モル当量の範囲内が適当であり、好ましくは10モル当量~100モル当量の範囲内である。
本工程に使用しうるモルホリノモノマー化合物および塩基は、0.1%~30%の濃度になるように適当な溶媒で希釈して使用することもできる。溶媒としては、反応に関与しなければ特に限定されないが、例えば、N,N-ジメチルイミダゾリドン、N-メチルピペリドン、DMF、ジクロロメタン、アセトニトリル、テロラヒドロフラン、又はこれらの混合物を挙げることができる。
反応時間は、使用する塩基の種類、反応温度によって異なるが、通常1分~48時間の範囲内が適当であり、好ましくは、30分~24時間の範囲内である。
また、必要であれば、アシル化剤と一緒に、例えば、ピリジン、ルチジン、コリジン、トリエチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、N-エチルモルホリン等の塩基を使用することができる。アシル化剤の使用量としては、0.1モル当量~10000モル当量の範囲内が好ましく、1モル当量~1000モル当量の範囲内がより好ましい。塩基の使用量としては、例えば、アシル化剤1モルに対して、0.1モル当量~100モル当量の範囲内が適当であり、好ましくは1モル当量~10モル当量の範囲内である。
本反応の反応温度は、10℃~50℃の範囲内が好ましく、より好ましくは、10℃~50℃の範囲内が好ましく、より好ましくは、20℃~40℃の範囲内であり、さらに好ましくは、25℃~35℃の範囲内である。反応時間は、例えば、使用するアシル化剤の種類、反応温度によって異なるが、通常0.1分~24時間の範囲内が適当であり、好ましくは、1分から5時間の範囲内である。
工程Bにおいて製造される化合物(VII)において、脱保護剤を用いて保護基を脱離し、一般式(IX)で表される化合物を製造する工程。
[式中、Base、BP、L、n、R2、R3、Tは、前記と同義である。]
逆相クロマトグラフィーを用いてPMO(I)を精製する場合には、溶出溶媒として、例えば20mMのトリエチルアミン/酢酸緩衝液とアセトニトリルの混合溶液を使用することができる。
また、イオン交換クロマトグラフィーを用いてPMO(I)を精製する場合には、例えば、1Mの食塩水と10mMの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の混合溶液を使用することができる。
1)P. E. Nielsen, M. Egholm, R. H. Berg, O. Buchardt,Science, 254, 1497 (1991)
2)M. Egholm, O. Buchardt, P. E. Nielsen, R. H. Berg,Jacs., 114, 1895 (1992)
3)K. L. Dueholm, M. Egholm, C. Behrens, L. Christensen, H. F. Hansen, T. Vulpius, K. H. Petersen, R. H. Berg, P. E. Nielsen, O. Buchardt,J. Org. Chem., 59, 5767 (1994)
4)L. Christensen, R. Fitzpatrick, B. Gildea, K. H. Petersen, H. F. Hansen, T. Koch, M. Egholm,O. Buchardt, P. E. Nielsen, J. Coull, R. H. Berg, J. Pept. Sci., 1, 175 (1995)
5)T. Koch, H. F. Hansen, P. Andersen, T. Larsen, H. G. Batz, K. Otteson, H. Orum, J. Pept. Res., 49, 80 (1997)
以下、上記(1)、(2)及び(3)で示される基を、それぞれ「基(1)」、「基(2)」及び「基(3)」と呼ぶ。
本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマーは、有効性の向上を目的とした機能性ペプチド(例えば、標的細胞への輸送効率の向上を目的とした膜透過性ペプチド)との複合体を形成しているものであってもよい(国際公開第2008/036127号、国際公開第2009/005793号、国際公開第2012/150960号、国際公開第2016/187425号、国際公開第2018/118662号、国際公開第2018/118599号、国際公開第2018/118627号、J. D. Ramsey, N. H. Flynn, Pharmacology & Therapeutics 154, 78-86 (2015)、M. K. Tsoumpra et al., EBioMedicine, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.06.036)。結合部位は特に限定されないが、アンチセンスオリゴマーの5’端または3’端と機能性ペプチドのアミノ末端またはカルボキシル末端が結合していることが好ましい。
また、別の態様として、本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマーと機能性ペプチドは、リンカーを介して複合体を形成していてもよい。リンカーは特に限定されないが、アンチセンスオリゴマーの5’端または3’端とリンカーの一方の端が結合し、機能性ペプチドのアミノ末端またはカルボキシル末端とリンカーのもう一方の端が結合していることが好ましい。また、機能性ペプチドとリンカーの間には、付加的なアミノ酸が存在していてもよい。
本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマーは、従来技術に係るアンチセンスオリゴマーと比較してその長さが短い場合であっても、エクソン50のスキッピングを高効率に誘導することができる。また、本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマーは、エクソン50のスキッピングを高効率に誘導する活性を維持しつつ、かつ優れた溶解性を有する。したがって、ジストロフィン遺伝子にエクソン50のスキッピングの対象となる変異(例えば、フレームシフト突然変異、エクソン50の中でのミスセンス突然変異/ナンセンス突然変異など)を有するDMD患者であれば、本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマーを投与することによって、高効率に筋ジストロフィーの症状を緩和することができると予測される。例えば、少なくともエクソン50近傍のエクソンを欠失した所定の変異ジストロフィン遺伝子を有するDMD患者に本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマーを投与することによって、高効率に筋ジストロフィーの症状を緩和することができると予測される。なお、所定の変異ジストロフィン遺伝子とは、少なくともエクソン50近傍のエクソンを欠失してフレームシフト突然変異を有するとともにエクソン50を省いた場合(スキップした場合)にアミノ酸の読み取り枠が修正されるジストロフィン遺伝子を意味する。エクソン51、51-53、51-55、51-57等の欠失を有することによるフレームシフト突然変異を有するDMD患者が挙げられる。
より具体的に述べると、本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマーを含む医薬組成物をDMD患者(エクソン50スキッピングでin-frame化する変異を有する患者、例えば、エクソン51欠失患者、エクソン51-53欠失患者、エクソン51-55欠失患者、エクソン51-57欠失患者等)に投与することにより、高効率に筋ジストロフィーの症状を緩和することができると予測される。例えば、本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマーを含む医薬組成物を用いる場合、従来技術に係るオリゴマーと比べて少量の投与量でも同程度の治療効果を得られるため、副作用を軽減することができ、かつ経済的である。
また、本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマーは、エクソン50のスキッピングを高効率に誘導する活性を維持しつつ、かつ優れた溶解性を有するため、医薬組成物の調製において有用である。
そこで、別の実施態様として、本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマー、その医薬的に許容可能な塩又は水和物を有効成分とする、筋ジストロフィー治療用医薬組成物(以下、「本発明の組成物」という)を提供する。
また、本発明は、本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマーを、DMD患者に投与する工程を含む、筋ジストロフィーの治療方法を提供する。
当該治療方法において、本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマーは、前記筋ジストロフィー治療用医薬組成物として投与してもよい。
さらに、本発明は、筋ジストロフィー治療用医薬組成物の製造における本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマーの使用、及び筋ジストロフィー治療に使用するための本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマーを提供する。
詳細については米国特許第4,235,871号、同第4,737,323号、国際公開第96/14057号、“New RRC, Liposomes: A practical approach, IRL Press, Oxford (1990) pages 33-104”等を参照することができる。
本発明の組成物は、乾燥形態であってもよい。その場合、水溶液形態の本発明の組成物を調製するために、例えば125mg又は250mgの乾燥形態の本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマーを含む乾燥形態の本発明の組成物を、0.5mL~100mLの水と混合して(1.25mg/mL~250mg/mL又は2.5mg/mL~500mg/mLの本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマー濃度に相当する)、好ましくは1mL~50mLの水と混合して(2.5mg/mL~125mg/mL又は5mg/mL~250mg/mLの本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマー濃度に相当する)、より好ましくは5mL~10mLの水と混合して(12.5mg/mL~25mg/mL又は25mg/mL~50mg/mLの本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマー濃度に相当する)用いてもよい。
国際公開第2013/100190号に記載の方法に従い、ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50および/またはその3’側隣接イントロンであるイントロン50の一部の塩基配列を標的とする、表1に示すアンチセンスオリゴマー(PMO No.1~7(配列番号2~8))を合成した。各アンチセンスオリゴマーの全長は19~21merである。各アンチセンスオリゴマーの分子量の理論値およびESI-TOF-MSによる実測値も示す。
表1中において、例えば「H50_109-129」は、ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50の5’末端の塩基を1番目の塩基とし、3’側に続く塩基に順番に番号を付した場合に、アンチセンスオリゴマーが109番目~129番目の塩基の配列を標的とするものであることを示す。なお、エクソン50の全長は109塩基であるため、この例では標的塩基配列中の110番目~130番目の塩基の配列は、イントロン50中の塩基配列である。
ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50スキッピングのIn vitro試験
(1)試験方法
RD細胞(ヒト横紋筋肉腫細胞株、CCL-136、ATCCより購入)3.5×105個に対して、表1の各アンチセンスオリゴマー0.1~1μMをAmaxa Cell Line Nucleofector Kit Lを用いてNucleofector II(Lonza)により導入した。導入のためのパルスプログラムはT-030を用いた。
導入後のRD細胞を、10%ウシ胎児血清(FBS)(インビトロジェン社製)を含むEagle’s minimal essential medium(EMEM)培地(シグマ社製、以下同じ)2 mL中、37℃、5%CO2条件下で三晩培養した。
導入後のRD細胞をPBS(ニッスイ社製、以下同じ)で1回洗浄した後、1%の2-メルカプトエタノール(ナカライテスク社製)を含むBuffer RA1(タカラバイオ社製)350μLを上記細胞に添加し、数分間室温に放置して上記細胞を溶解させ、NucleoSpin(登録商標) Filter(タカラバイオ社製)上に回収した。11,000×gで1分間遠心し、ホモジネートを作製した。NucleoSpin(登録商標) RNA(タカラバイオ社製)に添付のプロトコールに従って上記細胞から全RNAを抽出した。抽出した全RNAの濃度はNanoDrop ONE(Thermo Fisher社製)を用いて測定した。
50℃、30分間:逆転写反応
95℃、15分間:ポリメラーゼ活性化、逆転写酵素不活性化、cDNA熱変性
[94℃、30秒間;60℃、30秒間;72℃、1分間]×35サイクル:PCR増幅
72℃、10分間:最終伸長反応
フォワードプライマー:5’- AACAACCGGATGTGGAAGAG -3’ (配列番号9)
リバースプライマー:5’- TTGGAGATGGCAGTTTCCTT -3’ (配列番号10)
エクソン50がスキップしたバンドのポリヌクレオチド量「A」と、エクソン50がスキップしなかったバンドのポリヌクレオチド量「B」を、バンドのシグナル強度として測定した。これら「A」及び「B」の測定値に基づき、上述の式(1)に従って、スキッピング効率を求めた。
各アンチセンスオリゴマーについて得られたエクソン50のスキッピング効率の結果を図1~3に示す。また、これらの結果より算出した、各アンチセンスオリゴマーが50%のスキッピング効率ESを示す有効濃度(EC50)の値を下記表2~4に示す。本試験により、各アンチセンスオリゴマーのうち、PMO No.1~4はスキッピング効率ESが高くEC50の値が低いため、エクソン50を有効にスキッピングさせることが判明した。
また、PMO No.3及び4と同様に全長が19merと短いアンチセンスオリゴマーのうち、PMO No.5~7はスキッピング効率が低くEC50の値が高かった。PMO No.3及び4とPMO No.5~7は標的とする塩基配列の重複の程度も大きいことから、エクソン50のスキッピングに対するPMO No.3及び4の有効性は特筆すべきものである。
この結果により、本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマーは、従来技術と比較してその長さが短い場合であっても、エクソン50のスキッピングを高効率に誘導することができることが示された。
アンチセンスオリゴマーの生理食塩水に対する溶解性試験
実施例2でスキッピング効率ESが高かったアンチセンスオリゴマーのうち、全長が19~20merと短く合成が簡便であるPMO No.2、3、4の各アンチセンスオリゴマーについて、医薬用途への有用性をさらに検証するため、生理食塩水に対する溶解性試験を行った。
4.5 mgの上記各アンチセンスオリゴマーが入ったサンプル瓶に生理食塩水45μLを加え、超音波とボルテックスを使って撹拌し、100 mg/mLの生理食塩水溶液とした。室温で24時間放置し、沈殿が生じないものを溶解性が高い配列と評価した。
試験した各アンチセンスオリゴマーは、全て生理食塩水に対して100 mg/mL以上の溶解性を示した。これらのアンチセンスオリゴマーは、エクソン50のスキッピング効率が高く、生理食塩水に対する溶解性も高いため、医薬としての利用価値が高いアンチセンスオリゴマーである。
以上の結果より、本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマーは、ジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを高効率に誘導する活性を維持しつつ、かつ医薬として優れた物性を有することが示された。
Claims (22)
- 下記(a)~(d):
(a)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列を含むアンチセンスオリゴマー;
(b)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列に対して1~5個の塩基が欠失、置換、挿入、および/または付加された塩基配列を含み、かつヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを誘導する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴマー;
(c)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列に対して、80%以上の配列同一性を有する塩基配列を含み、かつヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを誘導する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴマー;および
(d)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるオリゴヌクレオチドとストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズするアンチセンスオリゴマーであって、かつヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを誘導する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴマー
からなる群から選択されるアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。 - 以下の(e)~(h):
(e)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列からなるアンチセンスオリゴマー;
(f)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列に対して1~5個の塩基が欠失および/または置換された塩基配列からなり、かつヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを誘導する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴマー;
(g)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列に対して、80%以上の配列同一性を有する塩基配列からなり、かつヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを誘導する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴマー;および
(h)配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるオリゴヌクレオチドと高ストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズするアンチセンスオリゴマーであって、かつヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを誘導する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴマー
からなる群から選択されるアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。 - 前記アンチセンスオリゴマーが、
配列番号3~5のいずれかの塩基配列に対して、90%以上の配列同一性を有するヌクレオチド配列を有し、かつヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50のスキッピングを誘導する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴマー
である、請求項1又は2に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。 - オリゴヌクレオチドである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。
- 前記オリゴヌクレオチドを構成する少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドの糖部分及び/又はリン酸結合部分が修飾されている、請求項4に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。
- 前記オリゴヌクレオチドを構成する少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドの糖部分が、2’位の-OH基が、OR、R、R’OR、SH、SR、NH2、NHR、NR2、N3、CN、F、Cl、Br及びIからなる群より選択されるいずれかの基で置換されたリボースである、請求項4又は5に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。
(上記Rは、アルキル又はアリールを示し、上記R’は、アルキレンを示す。) - 前記オリゴヌクレオチドを構成する少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドのリン酸結合部分が、ホスホロチオエート結合、ホスホロジチオエート結合、アルキルホスホネート結合、ホスホロアミデート結合、及びボラノフォスフェート結合からなる群から選択されるいずれか1つのものである、請求項4~6のいずれか1項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。
- モルホリノオリゴマーである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。
- ホスホロジアミデートモルホリノオリゴマーである、請求項8に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。
- アンチセンスオリゴマーの長さが19または20塩基である、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物を含む、筋ジストロフィー治療用医薬組成物。
- さらに医薬的に許容可能な担体を含む、請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
- 筋ジストロフィー患者に投与するための請求項12または13に記載の医薬組成物であって、前記患者が、ジストロフィン遺伝子にエクソン50のスキッピングの対象となる変異を有する患者である、医薬組成物。
- 前記患者が、少なくともエクソン50近傍のエクソンの欠失によるフレームシフト突然変異を有するとともにエクソン50のスキッピングによりアミノ酸の読み取り枠が修正されるジストロフィン遺伝子を有する、請求項14に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記患者が、ジストロフィン遺伝子にエクソン51、51-53、51-55、または51-57の欠失によるフレームシフト突然変異を有する、請求項14または15に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記患者がヒトである、請求項14~16のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 筋ジストロフィー治療用医薬の製造における請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物の使用。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物の有効量、または請求項12~16のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物を、筋ジストロフィー患者に投与する工程を含む、筋ジストロフィーの治療方法。
- 前記患者がヒトである、請求項19に記載の治療方法。
- 筋ジストロフィーの治療に使用するための、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物、または請求項12~16のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記治療において、筋ジストロフィー患者がヒトである、請求項21に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーもしくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩またはそれらの水和物、または医薬組成物。
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| WO2023168427A1 (en) | 2022-03-03 | 2023-09-07 | Yale University | Compositions and methods for delivering therapeutic polynucleotides for exon skipping |
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| WO2023127918A1 (ja) | 2021-12-27 | 2023-07-06 | 日本新薬株式会社 | オリゴ核酸化合物の製造方法 |
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