WO2021124774A1 - 固体撮像装置および電子機器 - Google Patents
固体撮像装置および電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021124774A1 WO2021124774A1 PCT/JP2020/043005 JP2020043005W WO2021124774A1 WO 2021124774 A1 WO2021124774 A1 WO 2021124774A1 JP 2020043005 W JP2020043005 W JP 2020043005W WO 2021124774 A1 WO2021124774 A1 WO 2021124774A1
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- operational amplifier
- reference voltage
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- generation circuit
- voltage generation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
- H04N25/67—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to fixed-pattern noise, e.g. non-uniformity of response
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/709—Circuitry for control of the power supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
- H04N25/77—Pixel circuitry, e.g. memories, A/D converters, pixel amplifiers, shared circuits or shared components
- H04N25/772—Pixel circuitry, e.g. memories, A/D converters, pixel amplifiers, shared circuits or shared components comprising A/D, V/T, V/F, I/T or I/F converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
- H04N25/78—Readout circuits for addressed sensors, e.g. output amplifiers or A/D converters
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a solid-state image sensor and an electronic device.
- CMOS Complementary Metal-oxide Semiconductor
- CCD Charge Coupled Device
- ADCs Analog to Digital Converters
- column ADCs include single-slope integration type that uses a ramp-shaped reference signal and sequential comparison (Successive Approximation Register: hereinafter referred to as SAR) type that switches the reference voltage for each bit.
- SAR Successessive Approximation Register
- a voltage difference occurs between a plurality of reference voltages, it affects the linearity of the output signal in the DAC included in the column ADC. That is, if an offset occurs in the reference voltage, the linearity of the output in the DAC included in the column ADC may not be maintained.
- the present disclosure provides a solid-state image sensor and an electronic device capable of suppressing the offset of the reference signal input to the SAR type column ADC.
- a solid-state image sensor includes a conversion circuit, a voltage generation circuit, and a reference voltage generation circuit.
- the conversion circuit is connected to a vertical signal line extending from the pixel array unit.
- the voltage generation circuit outputs a predetermined voltage.
- the reference voltage generation circuit takes the predetermined voltage as an input and outputs the reference voltage of the conversion circuit.
- the reference voltage generation circuit includes an operational amplifier, a capacitive element, a first switching circuit, and a second switching circuit.
- the operational amplifier amplifies the predetermined voltage at a predetermined magnification and outputs the reference voltage.
- One end of the capacitive element is connected to the input end of the operational amplifier, which is different from the input end to which the predetermined voltage is input.
- the first switching circuit switches the connection destination of the other end of the capacitance element to either the output end of the voltage generation circuit from which the predetermined voltage is output or the feedback loop of the operational amplifier.
- the second switching circuit switches whether or not one end of the capacitive element is connected to the feedback loop of the operational amplifier.
- FIG. 1 It is a block diagram which shows the schematic configuration example of the electronic device equipped with the solid-state image sensor which concerns on the technique of this disclosure. It is explanatory drawing which shows the structural example of the solid-state image sensor common to each embodiment of this disclosure. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the AD converter of the column signal processing circuit common to each embodiment of this disclosure. It is a figure which shows the structural example of DAC common to each embodiment of this disclosure. It is a figure for demonstrating the relationship between the DACcode and the reference signal VDAC when the reference voltage does not include an offset voltage. It is a figure for demonstrating the relationship between the DACcode and the reference signal VDAC when the reference voltage includes an offset voltage.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration example of an electronic device equipped with a solid-state image sensor according to the technique of the present disclosure.
- the electronic device 1 includes, for example, an image pickup lens 10, a solid-state image pickup device 100, a storage unit 30, and a processor 20.
- the image pickup lens 10 is an example of an optical system that collects incident light and forms an image on the light receiving surface of the solid-state image pickup device 100.
- the light receiving surface may be a surface on which the photoelectric conversion elements in the solid-state image sensor 100 are arranged.
- the solid-state image sensor 100 generates image data by photoelectrically converting the incident light. Further, the solid-state image sensor 100 executes predetermined signal processing such as noise removal and white balance adjustment on the generated image data.
- the storage unit 30 is composed of, for example, a flash memory, a DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory), a SRAM (Static Random Access Memory), or the like, and records image data or the like input from the solid-state imaging device 100.
- the processor 20 may include, for example, an application processor that is configured by using a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or the like and executes an operating system, various application software, or the like, a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), a baseband processor, or the like.
- the processor 20 executes various processes as necessary for the image data input from the solid-state image sensor 100, the image data read from the storage unit 30, and the like, executes display to the user, and performs a predetermined network. It is sent to the outside via.
- an application processor that is configured by using a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or the like and executes an operating system, various application software, or the like, a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), a baseband processor, or the like.
- the processor 20 executes various processes as necessary for the image data input from the solid-state image sensor 100, the image data read from the storage unit 30, and the like, executes display to the user, and performs a predetermined network. It is sent to the outside via.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration example of the solid-state image sensor 100 common to each embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the solid-state image pickup device 100 has a pixel array unit 110 in which a plurality of image pickup elements 111 are arranged, and a peripheral circuit provided so as to surround the pixel array unit 110.
- Peripheral circuits include a vertical drive circuit 132, a column signal processing circuit 134, a horizontal drive circuit 136, an output circuit 138, a control circuit 140, a voltage generation circuit 151, a reference voltage generation circuit 152, and the like. The details of the pixel array unit 110 and the peripheral circuits will be described below.
- the pixel array unit 110 has a plurality of image pickup elements (pixels) 111 arranged two-dimensionally in a matrix on a semiconductor substrate. Further, the plurality of pixels 111 may include a normal pixel that generates a pixel signal for image generation and a pair of phase difference detection pixels that generate a pixel signal for focus detection. Each pixel 111 has a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements and a plurality of pixel transistors (not shown). More specifically, the pixel transistor may include, for example, a transfer transistor, a selection transistor, a reset transistor, an amplification transistor, and the like.
- the vertical drive circuit 132 is formed by, for example, a shift register, selects the pixel drive wiring 142, supplies a pulse for driving the pixel 111 to the selected pixel drive wiring 142, and drives the pixel 111 in line units. That is, the vertical drive circuit 132 selectively scans each pixel 111 of the pixel array unit 110 in a row-by-row manner in the vertical direction (vertical direction in FIG. 2), and generates a signal according to the amount of light received by the photoelectric conversion element of each pixel 111. The pixel signal based on the generated charge is supplied to the column signal processing circuit 134 described later through the vertical signal line 144.
- the column signal processing circuit 134 is arranged for each column of the pixel 111, and performs signal processing such as noise removal for each pixel signal for the pixel signal output from the pixel 111 for one row.
- the column signal processing circuit 134 performs signal processing such as CDS (Correlated Double Sampling: Correlation Double Sampling) and AD (Analog-Degital) conversion in order to remove fixed pattern noise peculiar to pixels.
- the column signal processing circuit 134 has, for example, a SAR type column ADC.
- the horizontal drive circuit 136 is formed by, for example, a shift register, and by sequentially outputting horizontal scanning pulses, each of the above-mentioned column signal processing circuits 134 is sequentially selected, and pixel signals are horizontally selected from each of the column signal processing circuits 134. It is output to the signal line 146.
- the output circuit 138 performs signal processing on pixel signals sequentially supplied from each of the column signal processing circuits 134 described above through the horizontal signal line 146 and outputs the signals.
- the output circuit 138 may function as, for example, a functional unit that performs buffering, or may perform processing such as black level adjustment, column variation correction, and various digital signal processing. Note that buffering refers to temporarily storing pixel signals in order to compensate for differences in processing speed and transfer speed when exchanging pixel signals.
- the voltage generation circuit 151 generates a voltage for generating a reference voltage to be used at the time of AD conversion of the column signal processing circuit 134.
- the voltage generation circuit 151 may output a voltage having a predetermined voltage value, or may output a voltage having a plurality of different voltage values.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152 amplifies the voltage output by the voltage generation circuit 151 at a magnification of, for example, 1 or more to generate a reference voltage.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152 When the voltage generation circuit 151 outputs a voltage having a predetermined voltage value, the reference voltage generation circuit 152 generates a reference voltage obtained by amplifying the voltage at a plurality of different magnifications.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152 When the voltage generation circuit 151 outputs a voltage having a plurality of different voltage values, the reference voltage generation circuit 152 amplifies the voltage at a predetermined magnification to generate a reference voltage.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152 according to each embodiment of the present disclosure outputs a plurality of reference voltages having different voltage values.
- the control circuit 140 can receive the input clock and data for instructing the operation mode and the like, and can output data such as internal information of the pixel 111. That is, the control circuit 140 operates the vertical drive circuit 132, the column signal processing circuit 134, the horizontal drive circuit 136, the voltage generation circuit 151, the reference voltage generation circuit 152, and the like based on the vertical synchronization signal, the horizontal synchronization signal, and the master clock. Generates the clock signal and control signal that serve as the reference for. Then, the control circuit 140 outputs the generated clock signal and control signal to the vertical drive circuit 132, the column signal processing circuit 134, the horizontal drive circuit 136, the voltage generation circuit 151, the reference voltage generation circuit 152, and the like.
- the configuration example of the solid-state image sensor 100 according to the present embodiment is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 2, and may include, for example, other circuit units and the like, and is not particularly limited.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the AD converter 134A of the column signal processing circuit 134 common to each embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the column signal processing circuit 134 has, for example, an AD converter 134A shown in FIG. 3 for each vertical signal line.
- the AD converter 134A included in the column signal processing circuit 134 will also be referred to as a column ADC 134A.
- the column ADC 134A shown in FIG. 3 includes a comparator 1341, a SAR (Successive Approximation Register) logic circuit 1342, and a DAC (Digital to Analog Converter) 1343.
- the comparator 1341 compares the pixel signal input via the vertical signal line 144 with a predetermined reference signal. The comparator 1341 outputs the comparison result to the SAR logic circuit 1342.
- the SAR logic circuit 1342 Based on the comparison result of the comparator 1341, the SAR logic circuit 1342 obtains a digital signal indicating the value of the reference signal that is close to the pixel signal, holds it in a register, and controls to update the reference signal to that value. Generate a signal.
- the DAC 1343 updates the analog reference signal by DA (Digital to Analog) conversion of the control signal.
- the level of the reference signal is set to, for example, the initial value VREF / 2, with the predetermined reference signal as VREF. Then, the comparator 1341 compares the selected pixel signal with the reference signal of the initial value. When the pixel signal is larger than the reference signal, the SAR logic circuit 1342 sets the MSB (Most Significant Bit) of the digital signal DOUT to "1". Then, the SAR logic circuit 1342 raises the reference signal by the amount of VREF / 4.
- the SAR logic circuit 1342 sets the MSB of the digital signal DOUT to "0". Then, the SAR logic circuit 1342 lowers the reference signal by the amount of VREF / 4.
- the comparator 1341 makes the following comparison, and when the pixel signal is larger than the reference signal, the SAR logic circuit 1342 sets the next digit of the MSB to "1". Then, the SAR logic circuit 1342 raises the reference signal by the amount of VREF / 8.
- the SAR logic circuit 1342 sets the next digit of the MSB to "0". Then, the SAR logic circuit 1342 lowers the reference signal by the amount of VREF / 8.
- the analog pixel signal is AD-converted to the digital signal DOUT.
- the SAR logic circuit 1342 outputs the digital signal DOUT.
- This digital signal DOUT indicates data (that is, pixel data) obtained by AD-converting a pixel signal (reset level or signal level).
- the gain of the column ADC134A can be controlled by changing the reference voltage VREF.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration example of DAC1343 common to each embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the DAC 1343 shown in FIG. 4 has a high-order bit DAC1343M that generates a reference signal for the high-order bit and a low-order bit DAC1343L that generates a reference signal for the low-order bit.
- the DAC 1343 has a plurality of capacitance elements C0 to C10 and a plurality of switches S0 to S10 arranged corresponding to the plurality of capacitance elements C0 to C10.
- the capacitance C of each capacitance element C0 to C10 is shown as a ratio.
- the plurality of switches S0 to S10 are connected so as to be able to switch between, for example, any of the reference voltages VRT1, VRT4, VRB, VRB4, and VRC output by the reference voltage generation circuit 152 described later.
- the DAC 1343 is a binary type CDAC that supplies a reference signal VDAC having a different value to the comparator 1341 depending on the combination of the capacitance value of the capacitance elements C0 to C10 and the reference voltage value.
- the total capacitance value of the DAC 1343 that is, the area of the DAC 1343 can be reduced by outputting the reference signal VDAC having a different value depending on the combination of the capacitance value of the capacitance elements C0 to C10 and the reference voltage value. Can be done.
- the total capacitance value of the capacitance elements C0 to C10 of the DAC 1343 shown in FIG. 4 is 280C.
- the capacitance values of the capacitive elements C0 to C10 need to be increased due to the binary relationship, so that the total capacitance is increased.
- the value will be 1024C. Since the area of the capacitance elements C0 to C10 increases according to the capacitance value, the area of the DAC 1343 also increases when the total capacitance value of the capacitance elements C0 to C10 is large.
- the DAC 1343 As described above, by inputting a plurality of reference voltages to the DAC 1343, it is possible to output a reference signal VDAC that changes in relation to the Binary. Therefore, the total capacitance value of the capacitance elements C0 to C10 can be reduced as compared with the case where the reference voltage is one set. As a result, the area of the DAC 1343 can be reduced.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152 includes an operational amplifier
- the reference voltage includes an offset voltage caused by the operational amplifier.
- VRT1-VRB VREF
- VRT4-VRB4 VREF / 4.
- the plurality of switches S0 to S10 select the reference voltage VRC as the voltage applied to the capacitance elements C0 to C10.
- the connection destination of the switch S10 is switched so that the voltage applied to the capacitance C10 corresponding to the most significant bit (MSB) changes from the reference voltage VRC to the reference voltage VRT1.
- the reference signal VDAC which is the output of the DAC 1343, is changed so as to satisfy the binary relationship by using a plurality of reference voltages. Can be made to.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the DAC code and the reference signal VDAC when the reference voltage does not include the offset voltage. Further, although the voltage value of the reference signal VDAC output by the DAC 1343 is a discrete value, in FIG. 5, the change of the reference signal VDAC is continuously shown in order to make the relationship of linearity easy to see.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152 has an operational amplifier for each reference voltage to be generated, for example, a different offset voltage is generated for each reference voltage. Therefore, a voltage difference ⁇ V corresponding to the offset voltage is generated between the plurality of reference voltages.
- the reference voltage VRT1 does not include the offset voltage, but the reference voltage VRT4 will be described as having an offset voltage of ⁇ V.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the DAC code and the reference signal VDAC when the reference voltage includes an offset voltage. Further, although the voltage value of the reference signal VDAC output by the DAC 1343 is a discrete value, in FIG. 6, the change of the reference signal VDAC is continuously shown in order to make the relationship of linearity easy to see.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the DACcode and the reference signal VDAC when the reference voltage includes an offset voltage. Further, although the voltage value of the reference signal VDAC output by the DAC 1343 is a discrete value, in FIG. 7, the change of the reference signal VDAC is continuously shown in order to make the relationship of linearity easy to see.
- the reference voltage output by the reference voltage generation circuit 152 includes an offset voltage
- the linearity of the output of the DAC 1343 or the column ADC 134A may not be satisfied. Focusing on this point, the technique of the present disclosure reduces the influence of the offset voltage and satisfies the linearity of the DAC 1343 by canceling the offset voltage included in the reference voltage.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152 that cancels the offset voltage included in the reference voltage will be described.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152A according to the present embodiment executes offset cancellation by causing the capacitive element to hold the input-converted offset voltage generated at the input of the operational amplifier and adding the held offset voltage to the input of the operational amplifier with the opposite polarity. To do.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the reference voltage generation circuit 152A according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152A includes an operational amplifier A1, a capacitance element C11, first and second switches SW11 and SW12, a transistor Tr1, and a variable resistance circuit R11.
- the operational amplifier A1 amplifies and outputs the reference voltage VREF generated by the voltage generation circuit 151 at a predetermined magnification.
- the amplification factor of the operational amplifier A1 also includes 1. When the amplification factor is 1, the operational amplifier A1 functions as a buffer circuit.
- the output of the operational amplifier A1 is input to the transistor Tr1.
- the transistor Tr1 is a source follower circuit, and outputs a reference voltage VRT that amplifies the output of the operational amplifier A1. In this way, by directly outputting the reference voltage VRT from the source terminal of the transistor Tr1 without using a resistor, it is possible to suppress a decrease in responsiveness due to the impedance component of the resistor. As a result, the reference voltage generation circuit 152A can be operated at a higher speed.
- One end of the capacitive element C11 is connected to an input end different from the input end to which the reference voltage VREF of the operational amplifier A1 is input, and the other end is connected to the first switch SW1.
- One end of the variable resistance circuit R11 is connected to the transistor Tr1, and the other end is connected to the reference potential VRB.
- the variable resistance circuit R11 can change the resistance value of the feedback loop of the operational amplifier A1. When the resistance value of the feedback loop changes, the amplification factor of the operational amplifier A1 changes. Therefore, the value of the reference voltage VRT can be changed by changing the resistance value of the feedback loop using the variable resistance circuit R11, and the reference voltage generation circuit 152A can generate a plurality of reference voltages.
- the first switch SW11 is arranged between the capacitance element C11 and the input end of the reference voltage generation circuit 152A, that is, the output end of the voltage generation circuit 151.
- the first switch SW11 is a switching circuit that switches the connection destination of the other end of the capacitance element C11 to either the output end of the voltage generation circuit 151 or the feedback loop of the operational amplifier A1.
- the first switch SW11 connects the other end of the capacitance element C11 to the input end of the reference voltage generation circuit 152A, that is, the output end of the voltage generation circuit 151, for example, in the high state. Further, when the first switch SW11 is in the Low state, for example, the other end of the capacitance element C11 and the feedback loop of the operational amplifier A1 are connected.
- the second switch SW12 is arranged in the feedback loop of the operational amplifier A1.
- the second switch SW12 is a switching circuit for switching whether or not one end of the capacitive element C11 is connected to the feedback loop of the operational amplifier A1. Further, the second switch SW12 connects the other end of the capacitance element C11 to the feedback loop of the operational amplifier A1 in conjunction with the first switch SW11. In the high state, for example, the second switch SW12 connects one end of the capacitive element C11 to the feedback loop of the operational amplifier A1. When the second switch SW12 and the first switch SW11 are in the Low state, the other end of the capacitance element C11 and the feedback loop of the operational amplifier A1 are connected.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152A adjusts the gain of the operational amplifier A1 by adjusting the resistance value of the variable resistance circuit R11, and outputs a plurality of reference voltages. At this time, the offset voltage generated in the operational amplifier A1 affects the gain linearity of the operational amplifier A1.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the gain of the operational amplifier A1 when the offset voltage is not generated in the operational amplifier A1.
- the reference voltage VRT which is the output voltage does not become 1/8 times even if the reference voltage VREF which is the input voltage is multiplied by 1/8.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152A can reduce the influence of linearity on the gain of the operational amplifier A1.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining an operation example of the reference voltage generation circuit 152A according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the first switch SW11 of the reference voltage generation circuit 152A is in the High state
- the second switch SW12 is in the Low state.
- one end of the capacitive element C11 is connected to the feedback loop of the operational amplifier A1, and the other end is connected to the output end of the voltage generation circuit 151.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining offset cancellation by the reference voltage generation circuit 152A according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the first switch SW11 is in the Low state, and the second switch SW12 is in the High state.
- one end of the capacitive element C11 is connected to the input end of the operational amplifier A1, and the other end is connected to the feedback loop of the operational amplifier A1.
- the other end of the capacitive element C11 is connected to the feedback loop of the operational amplifier A1, so that the capacitive element C11 becomes a component constituting the feedback loop of the operational amplifier A1.
- the capacitive element C11 which has accumulated charges between time t01 and time t02, is connected to the feedback loop of the operational amplifier A1 at time t02 with the opposite polarity to that of the previous time, thereby canceling the offset voltage VOAMP of the feedback loop.
- the period from the time t02 to the time t03 is a period (offset cancellation period) in which the operational amplifier A1 outputs the reference voltage while executing the offset cancellation by the capacitive element C11.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining offset cancellation by the reference voltage generation circuit 152A according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152A executes offset sampling every time the solid-state image sensor 100 reads out one row of pixels 111.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152A sets the first switch SW11 to the High state and sets the second switch SW12 to Low at the time t03. Make it a state.
- the offset is sampled by the capacitive element C11.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152A puts the first switch SW11 in the Low state and the second switch SW12 in the Low state.
- the offset is canceled by the capacitive element C11, and the reference voltage generation circuit 152A outputs a reference voltage that does not include the offset voltage.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152A samples and cancels the offset voltage using the capacitive element C11. As a result, the offset of the reference voltage input to the DAC 1343 of the column ADC 134A can be suppressed.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152B according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure has a sample hold circuit for holding the output of the operational amplifier A1 in addition to the configuration of the reference voltage generation circuit 152A shown in FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the reference voltage generation circuit 152B according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 15, the reference voltage generation circuit 152B of the present embodiment has a sample hold circuit.
- the sample hold circuit has a third switch SW13 and a capacitance element C12.
- One end of the capacitive element C12 is connected between the output end of the operational amplifier and the gate terminal of the transistor Tr1, and the other end is connected to the reference potential VRB.
- the third switch SW13 is arranged between one end of the capacitive element C12 and the output end of the operational amplifier A1.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining an operation example of the reference voltage generation circuit 152B according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the first switch SW11 of the reference voltage generation circuit 152B is in the High state, and the second switch SW12 is in the Low state. Further, the third switch S13 is in the High state. As a result, the electric charge for canceling the offset voltage is accumulated in the capacitive element C11.
- the first switch SW11 is in the Low state, and the second switch SW12 is in the High state.
- the third switch SW13 maintains the High state.
- the operational amplifier A1 outputs the reference voltage while the offset cancellation is performed by the capacitive element C11. Further, the reference voltage is sampled by the capacitive element C12.
- the second switch SW12 is in the Low state
- the third switch SW13 is in the Low state.
- the first switch SW11 maintains the Low state.
- the reference voltage sampled by the capacitive element C12 is output to the DAC 1343 of the column ADC 134A via the transistor Tr1.
- the point that the reference voltage generation circuit 152B samples and cancels the offset voltage with the period in which the solid-state image sensor 100 reads out the pixels 111 for one row as one cycle is the same as in the case of the first embodiment shown in FIG. Is.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152B has the sample hold circuit, the output of the operational amplifier A1 can be held, the steady current of the operational amplifier A1 is reduced, and the power consumption of the solid-state imaging device 100 is reduced. be able to.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the reference voltage generation circuit 152C according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152C according to the first embodiment has the configuration and the reference voltage generation circuit 152A according to the first embodiment, except that the reference voltage generation circuit 152C according to the first embodiment has a resistor R12 having a fixed resistance value instead of the variable resistance circuit R11 shown in FIG. It is the same as the operation.
- the value of the reference voltage VRT output by the reference voltage generation circuit 152C is changed by making the reference voltage VREF input to the reference voltage generation circuit 152C variable.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152C can generate a plurality of reference voltage VRTs having different values even when the resistor R12 having a fixed resistance value is provided instead of the variable resistance circuit R11.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the reference voltage generation circuit 152D according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152D according to the present embodiment has a sample hold circuit for holding the output of the operational amplifier A1 in addition to the configuration of the reference voltage generation circuit 152C shown in FIG.
- the configuration of the sample hold circuit is the same as that of the sample hold circuit of the reference voltage generation circuit 152B according to the second embodiment shown in FIG.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152D can reduce the steady current of the operational amplifier A1 by providing the sample hold circuit.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the reference voltage generation circuit 152E according to the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152E according to the present embodiment has a circuit for outputting the reference voltage VRT2 in addition to the configuration of the reference voltage generation circuit 152A shown in FIG.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152E includes an operational amplifier A2, a capacitive element C21, first and second switches SW21 and SW22, and a transistor Tr2, as shown in FIG. And the variable resistance circuit R21.
- the configuration and operation of the operational amplifier A2, the capacitive element C21, the first and second switches SW21, SW22, the transistor Tr2, and the variable resistance circuit R21 are the same as the configuration and operation of the reference voltage generation circuit 152A shown in FIG.
- the offset voltage generated in the operational amplifier A1 is canceled by using the capacitive element C11, and the offset voltage generated in the operational amplifier A2 is canceled by using the capacitive element C21.
- the voltage difference between the reference voltages VRT1 and VRT2 can be further reduced.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the reference voltage generation circuit 152F according to the sixth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152F according to the sixth embodiment of the present disclosure has, in addition to the configuration of the reference voltage generation circuit 152E shown in FIG. 19, sample hold circuits for holding the outputs of the operational amplifiers A1 and A2, respectively.
- the sample hold circuit that holds the output of the operational amplifier A1 has the same configuration and operation as the sample hold circuit of the reference voltage generation circuit 152B shown in FIG. Further, the sample hold circuit for holding the output of the operational amplifier A2 has the third switch SW23 and the capacitive element C22, but the configuration and operation thereof are the same as the sample hold circuit of the reference voltage generation circuit 152B shown in FIG.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152F outputs two reference voltages VRT1 and VRT2, the steady current of the operational amplifiers A1 and A2 can be reduced by providing the sample hold circuit.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the reference voltage generation circuit 152G according to the seventh embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152G according to the fifth embodiment has the reference voltage generation circuit 152G according to the fifth embodiment except that the reference voltage generation circuit 152G has resistances R31 to R33 having fixed resistance values instead of the variable resistance circuits R11 and R11 shown in FIG. It is the same as the configuration and operation of 152E.
- the resistor R31 is connected to the output terminal of the reference voltage VRT1 and the other end is connected to the reference potential VRB.
- the resistor R32 and the resistor R33 are connected in series.
- One end of the resistor R32 is connected to the output terminal of the reference voltage VRT2, and the other end of the resistor R33 is connected to the reference potential VRB. Further, the connection point between the resistor R32 and the resistor R33 is connected to the second switch SW22.
- the resistor R32 is a part of the feedback loop of the operational amplifier A2. As a result, a voltage corresponding to the voltage division ratio of the resistor circuit composed of the resistors R32 and R33 is applied to the feedback loop of the operational amplifier A2.
- the operational amplifier A2 amplifies the input voltage VREF at an amplification factor corresponding to the resistance ratio of the resistor R32 and the resistor R33, and generates a reference voltage VRT2.
- the operational amplifier A1 amplifies the voltage VREF at an amplification factor of 1 to generate a reference voltage VRT1.
- resistors R31 to R33 By providing resistors R31 to R33 with fixed resistance values in this way, it is possible to generate a reference voltage with a predetermined voltage ratio.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the reference voltage generation circuit 152H according to the eighth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152H according to the present embodiment has, in addition to the configuration of the reference voltage generation circuit 152G shown in FIG. 21, a sample hold circuit for holding the outputs of the operational amplifiers A1 and A2, respectively.
- the configuration of the sample hold circuit that holds the outputs of the operational amplifiers A1 and A2 is the same as that of the reference voltage generation circuit 152F shown in FIG. As described above, even when the reference voltage generation circuit 152H outputs two reference voltages VRT1 and VRT2, the steady current of the operational amplifiers A1 and A2 can be reduced by providing the sample hold circuit.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the reference voltage generation circuit 152H and the column ADC 134A according to the eighth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the column ADC 134A is provided for each vertical signal line 144, and converts an analog pixel signal into a digital signal.
- the column ADC 134A includes a comparator 1341, a SAR logic circuit 1342, and a DAC 1343.
- the DAC 1343 shown in FIG. 23 is different from the DAC 1343 shown in FIG. 4 in that the switch group switches between the reference voltage VRT1 and the reference potential VRB, or switches between the reference voltage VRT2 and the reference potential VRB.
- the DAC 1343 shown in FIG. 23 is the same as the DAC 1343 shown in FIG. 4 in that it generates a reference signal based on reference voltages of different voltage values.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152H generates reference voltages VRT1 and VRT2 and outputs them to each of a plurality of ADCs 134A.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152H outputs the reference voltages VRT1 and VRT2 from which the offset voltage has been removed to each of the plurality of ADCs 134A, so that the plurality of ADCs 134A can maintain the linearity of the output signal of the AD conversion. .. Further, by outputting a plurality of reference voltages VRT1 and VRT2 having different reference voltage generation circuits 152H, the total capacitance value of the DAC 1433 can be reduced, and the area of the DAC 1343 can be reduced. Since the DAC 1343 is provided for each vertical signal line 144, the area of the solid-state image sensor 100 can be further reduced by reducing the area of the DAC 1343.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the reference voltage generation circuit 152I according to the ninth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152I according to the present embodiment has the same components as the reference voltage generation circuit 152F shown in FIG. 20, except that the operational amplifier A2 is not provided and the switch SW3 is newly provided.
- one end of the capacitive element C11 of the reference voltage generation circuit 152I is connected to the operational amplifier A1 via the switch SW3.
- one end of the capacitive element C21 is also connected to the operational amplifier A1 via the switch SW3.
- one end of the third switch SW23 is connected to the operational amplifier A1. In this way, the switch SW3 switches the capacitive element connected to the operational amplifier A1 to either the capacitive element C11 or the capacitive element C21.
- the switch SW3 is a switching circuit that switches whether the operational amplifier A1 generates the reference voltage VRT1 or the reference voltage VRT2. That is, the reference voltage generation circuit 152I according to the present embodiment generates the reference voltages VRT1 and VRT2 in a time-division manner by switching the switch SW3.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152I holds the generated reference voltages VRT1 and VRT2 in the sample hold circuit, and outputs the time-division-generated reference voltages VRT1 and VRT2 to the DAC 1343 in the subsequent stage.
- the switch SW3 switches so that, for example, the feedback loop including the transistor Tr1 is connected to the operational amplifier A1 in the High state, and the feedback loop including the transistor Tr2 is connected to the operational amplifier A1 in the Low state. That is, the switch SW3 switches so that the reference voltage generation circuit 152I generates the reference voltage VRT1 in the High state and the reference voltage VRT2 is generated in the Low state, for example.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the reference voltage generation circuit 152I according to the ninth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the switch SW3, the third switch SW13, and the first switch SW11 are in the High state, and the second switch SW12, SW22, the third switch SW23, and the first switch SW21 are in the Low state. ..
- one end of the capacitive element C11 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage generation circuit 151, and the other end is connected to the feedback loop. Then, the capacitive element C11 samples the offset voltage of the operational amplifier A1.
- the first switch S11 is in the Low state
- the second switch SW12 is in the High state.
- the other switches maintain the state at time t51.
- the other end of the capacitive element C11 is connected to the feedback loop, and the electric charge accumulated by the capacitive element C11 up to time t52 is applied to the feedback loop of the operational amplifier A1 with opposite polarity.
- the operational amplifier A1 in a state where the offset voltage of the operational amplifier A1 is canceled, the operational amplifier A1 generates the reference voltage VRT1 and holds the reference voltage VRT1 in the capacitive element C12 of the sample hold circuit.
- the switch SW3, the third switch SW13, and the second switch SW12 are in the Low state. Further, the third switch SW23 and the first switch SW21 are in the High state. The other switches maintain the state at time t52. As a result, one end of the capacitive element C21 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage generation circuit 151, and the other end is connected to the feedback loop. Then, the capacitive element C21 samples the offset voltage of the operational amplifier A1.
- the first switch S21 is in the Low state
- the second switch SW22 is in the High state.
- the other switches maintain the state at time t53.
- the other end of the capacitive element C21 is connected to the feedback loop, and the electric charge accumulated by the capacitive element C21 up to time t54 is applied to the feedback loop of the operational amplifier A1 with opposite polarity.
- the operational amplifier A1 in a state where the offset voltage of the operational amplifier A1 is canceled, the operational amplifier A1 generates the reference voltage VRT2 and holds the reference voltage VRT2 in the capacitive element C22 of the sample hold circuit.
- the third switch SW23 and the second switch SW22 are in the Low state at time t55, the reference voltages VRT1 and VRT2 held in the capacitive elements C12 and C22 are output from the reference voltage generation circuit 152I.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 152I executes the operation of FIG. 25 for each line in which the solid-state image sensor 100 reads out the pixel signal.
- FIG. 25 the case where the reference voltage generation circuit 152I generates the reference voltage VRT1 and then the reference voltage VRT2 has been described, but the order in which the reference voltage VRT1 and VRT2 are generated is not limited to this, and the reference voltage is not limited to this. VRT2 may be generated first.
- the reference voltages VRT1 and VRT2 having different voltage values can be generated by using the operational amplifier A1 in a time-division manner. As a result, the number of operational amplifiers A1 can be reduced, and the area of the reference voltage generation circuit 152I can be reduced.
- the technique according to the present disclosure can be applied to an indirect TOF (Indirect-Time of Flight) type distance image sensor in addition to the image sensor such as the CMOS image sensor described above.
- the indirect TOF distance image sensor is a sensor that measures the distance to an object by reflecting the light emitted from the light source on the object and measuring the light flight time based on the detection of the arrival phase difference of the reflected light. Is.
- FIG. 26 is a block diagram showing an example of a system configuration of an indirect TOF type distance image sensor to which the technique according to the present disclosure is applied.
- the indirect TOF type distance image sensor 10000 has a laminated structure including a sensor chip 10001 and a circuit chip 10002 laminated on the sensor chip 10001.
- the sensor chip 10001 and the circuit chip 10002 are electrically connected through a connecting portion (not shown) such as a via (VIA) or a Cu—Cu connection.
- FIG. 26 illustrates a state in which the wiring of the sensor chip 10001 and the wiring of the circuit chip 10002 are electrically connected via the above-mentioned connection portion.
- a pixel array unit 10020 is formed on the sensor chip 10001.
- the pixel array unit 10020 includes a plurality of pixels 10230 arranged in a matrix (array shape) in a two-dimensional grid pattern on the sensor chip 10001.
- each of the plurality of pixels 10230 receives infrared light, performs photoelectric conversion, and outputs an analog pixel signal.
- Two vertical signal lines VSL 1 and VSL 2 are wired in the pixel array unit 10020 for each pixel row. Assuming that the number of pixel rows of the pixel array unit 10020 is M (M is an integer), a total of 2 ⁇ M vertical signal lines VSL are wired to the pixel array unit 10020.
- Each of the plurality of pixels 10230 has two taps A and B (details thereof will be described later).
- the vertical signal line VSL 1 outputs the pixel signal AIN P1 based on the charge of the tap A of the pixel 10230 of the corresponding pixel string
- the vertical signal line VSL 2 outputs the pixel signal AIN P1.
- the pixel signal AIN P2 based on the charge of the tap B of the pixel 10230 of the corresponding pixel sequence is output.
- the pixel signals AIN P1 and AIN P2 will be described later.
- a vertical drive circuit 10010, a column signal processing unit 10040, an output circuit 10060, and a timing control unit 10050 are arranged on the circuit chip 10002.
- the vertical drive circuit 10010 drives each pixel 10230 of the pixel array unit 10020 in units of pixel rows, and outputs pixel signals AIN P1 and AIN P2. Under the drive by the vertical drive circuit 10010, the pixel signals AIN P1 and AIN P2 output from the pixel 10230 of the selected line are supplied to the column signal processing unit 10040 through the vertical signal lines VSL 1 and VSL 2.
- the column signal processing unit 10040 has a configuration having, for example, a plurality of ADCs (corresponding to the above-mentioned column ADC 134A) provided for each pixel array corresponding to the pixel array of the pixel array unit 10020.
- Each ADC performs AD conversion processing on the pixel signals AIN P1 and AIN P2 supplied through the vertical signal lines VSL 1 and VSL 2 , and outputs them to the output circuit 10060.
- the output circuit 10060 executes CDS processing or the like on the digitized pixel signals AIN P1 and AIN P2 output from the column signal processing unit 10040, and outputs the CDS to the outside of the circuit chip 10002.
- the timing control unit 10050 generates various timing signals, clock signals, control signals, and the like, and based on these signals, drive control of the vertical drive circuit 10010, the column signal processing unit 10040, the output circuit 10060, and the like. I do.
- FIG. 27 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a pixel circuit configuration in an indirect TOF distance image sensor to which the technique according to the present disclosure is applied.
- the pixel 10230 has, for example, a photodiode 10231 as a photoelectric conversion unit.
- the pixel 10230 includes overflow transistors 10242, two transfer transistors 10232, 10237, two reset transistors 10233, 10238, two stray diffusion layers 10234, 10239, two amplification transistors 10235, 10240, and It has a configuration having two selection transistors 10236 and 10241.
- the two floating diffusion layers 10234 and 10239 correspond to taps A and B shown in FIG. 26.
- the photodiode 10231 photoelectrically converts the received light to generate an electric charge.
- the photodiode 10231 may have a back-illuminated pixel structure.
- the back-illuminated structure is as described in the pixel structure of the CMOS image sensor. However, the structure is not limited to the back-illuminated type, and a surface-irradiated structure that captures light emitted from the surface side of the substrate can also be used.
- the overflow transistor 10242 is connected between the cathode electrode of the photodiode 10231 and the power supply line of the power supply voltage VDD, and has a function of resetting the photodiode 10231. Specifically, the overflow transistor 10242 becomes conductive in response to the overflow gate signal OFG supplied from the vertical drive circuit 10010, so that the electric charge of the photodiode 10231 is sequentially discharged to the power supply line.
- the two transfer transistors 10232 and 10237 are connected between the cathode electrode of the photodiode 10231 and the two floating diffusion layers 10234 and 10239, respectively. Then, the transfer transistors 10232 and 10237 are brought into a conductive state in response to the transfer signal TRG supplied from the vertical drive circuit 10010, so that the charges generated by the photodiode 10231 are sequentially transmitted to the floating diffusion layers 10234 and 10239, respectively. Transfer to.
- the floating diffusion layers 10234 and 10239 corresponding to the taps A and B accumulate the electric charge transferred from the photodiode 10231 and convert it into a voltage signal having a voltage value corresponding to the amount of the electric charge, and convert the pixel signals AIN P1 and AIN P2 into a voltage signal. Generate.
- the two reset transistors 10233 and 10238 are connected between each of the two floating diffusion layers 10234 and 10239 and the power supply line of the power supply voltage VDD. Then, the reset transistors 10233 and 10238 are brought into a conductive state in response to the reset signal RST supplied from the vertical drive circuit 10010, so that charges are extracted from the floating diffusion layers 10234 and 10239, respectively, and the amount of charges is initialized. To do.
- the two amplification transistors 10235 and 10240 are connected between the power supply line of the power supply voltage VDD and each of the two selection transistors 10236 and 10241, and the voltage signals converted into charge and voltage by the stray diffusion layers 10234 and 10239, respectively. Are amplified respectively.
- the two selection transistors 10236 and 10241 are connected between the two amplification transistors 10235 and 10240 and the vertical signal lines VSL 1 and VSL 2, respectively. Then, the selection transistors 10236 and 10241 are brought into a conductive state in response to the selection signal SEL supplied from the vertical drive circuit 10010, so that the voltage signals amplified by the amplification transistors 10235 and 10240 are converted into pixel signals AIN P1 . Output to 2 vertical signal lines VSL 1 and VSL 2 as AIN P2.
- the vertical signal lines VSL 1 and VSL 2 of 2 are connected to the input end of one ADC in the column signal processing unit 10040 for each pixel row, and the pixel signal AIN P1 output from the pixel 10230 for each pixel row. , AIN P2 is transmitted to the ADC.
- the circuit configuration of the pixel 10230 is not limited to the circuit configuration illustrated in FIG. 27 as long as it can generate the pixel signals AIN P1 and AIN P2 by photoelectric conversion.
- the technique according to the present disclosure is applied to a reference voltage generation circuit that generates a reference voltage input to each ADC provided in the column signal processing unit 10040.
- the reference voltage generation circuit according to the first to ninth embodiments can be used as the reference voltage generation circuit that generates the reference voltage input to each ADC of the column signal processing unit 10040.
- the present technology can also have the following configurations.
- a conversion circuit connected to a vertical signal line extending from the pixel array section, A voltage generation circuit that outputs a predetermined voltage and A reference voltage generation circuit that takes the predetermined voltage as an input and outputs a reference voltage of the conversion circuit, With The reference voltage generation circuit An operational amplifier that amplifies the predetermined voltage at a predetermined magnification and outputs the reference voltage.
- a capacitive element whose one end is connected to an input end of the operational amplifier different from the input end to which the predetermined voltage is input.
- a first switching circuit that switches the connection destination of the other end of the capacitance element to either the output end of the voltage generation circuit to which the predetermined voltage is output or the feedback loop of the operational amplifier.
- the reference voltage generation circuit further includes a sample hold circuit that holds the output of the operational amplifier.
- the reference voltage generation circuit further includes a resistance circuit constituting the feedback loop of the operational amplifier.
- the resistance circuit is a variable resistance circuit.
- the reference voltage generation circuit A second operational amplifier that amplifies the predetermined voltage at a predetermined magnification and outputs the reference voltage.
- a second capacitive element one end of which is connected to an input end of the second operational amplifier that is different from the input end to which the predetermined voltage is input.
- a third switching circuit that switches the connection destination of the other end of the second capacitance element to either the output end of the voltage generation circuit from which the predetermined voltage is output or the feedback loop of the second operational amplifier.
- a fourth switching circuit that switches whether or not one end of the second capacitance element is connected to the feedback loop of the second operational amplifier, and The solid-state image sensor according to any one of (1) to (5).
- the solid-state imaging device wherein the reference voltage generation circuit further includes a second sample hold circuit that holds the output of the second operational amplifier.
- the reference voltage generation circuit A second capacitive element, one end of which is connected to an input end of the operational amplifier that is different from the input end to which the predetermined voltage is input.
- a third switching circuit that switches the connection destination of the other end of the second capacitance element to either the output end of the voltage generation circuit to which the predetermined voltage is output or the second feedback loop of the operational amplifier.
- a fourth switching circuit that switches whether or not to connect the second feedback loop of the operational amplifier to one end of the second capacitance element, and A sample hold circuit connected to the feedback loop of the operational amplifier and holding the output of the operational amplifier.
- a second sample hold circuit connected to the second feedback loop of the operational amplifier and holding the output of the operational amplifier.
- a fifth switching circuit that switches whether one of the capacitance element and the second capacitance element is connected to the input end of the operational amplifier.
- the solid-state image sensor according to (1).
- (9) Solid-state image sensor and A signal processing unit that processes the signal output from the solid-state image sensor, and With The solid-state image sensor A conversion circuit connected to a vertical signal line extending from the pixel array section, A voltage generation circuit that outputs a predetermined voltage and A reference voltage generation circuit that takes the predetermined voltage as an input and outputs a reference voltage of the conversion circuit, With The reference voltage generation circuit An operational amplifier that amplifies the predetermined voltage at a predetermined magnification and outputs the reference voltage.
- a capacitive element whose one end is connected to an input end of the operational amplifier different from the input end to which the predetermined voltage is input.
- a first switching circuit that switches the connection destination of the other end of the capacitance element to either the output end of the voltage generation circuit to which the predetermined voltage is output or the feedback loop of the operational amplifier.
- a second switching circuit that switches whether or not one end of the capacitive element is connected to the feedback loop of the operational amplifier, and Electronic equipment equipped with.
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Abstract
Description
1.各実施形態に共通な構成
1.1.電子機器の構成例
1.2.固体撮像装置の構成例
1.3.カラムADCの構成例
1.4.DACの構成例
2.第1実施形態
3.第2実施形態
4.第3実施形態
5.第4実施形態
6.第5実施形態
7.第6実施形態
8.第7実施形態
9.第8実施形態
10.第9実施形態
11.適用例
11.1.システム構成例
11.2.画素の回路構成例
12.補足
まず、本開示の各実施形態に共通な構成として固体撮像装置および電子機器について、図面を参照して説明する。
図1は、本開示の技術に係る固体撮像装置を搭載した電子機器の概略構成例を示すブロック図である。図1に示すように、電子機器1は、例えば、撮像レンズ10と、固体撮像装置100と、記憶部30と、プロセッサ20とを備える。
図2は、本開示の各実施形態に共通する固体撮像装置100の構成例を示す説明図である。図2に示すように、固体撮像装置100は、複数の撮像素子111が配置された画素アレイ部110と、当該画素アレイ部110を取り囲むように設けられた周辺回路とを有する。周辺回路は、垂直駆動回路132、カラム信号処理回路134、水平駆動回路136、出力回路138、制御回路140、電圧生成回路151および参照電圧生成回路152等を含む。以下に、画素アレイ部110および周辺回路の詳細について説明する。
図3は、本開示の各実施形態に共通するカラム信号処理回路134のAD変換器134Aの構成例を示す図である。カラム信号処理回路134は、例えば垂直信号線ごとに図3に示すAD変換器134Aを有する。なお、以下、カラム信号処理回路134が有するAD変換器134AをカラムADC134Aとも記載する。
図4は、本開示の各実施形態に共通するDAC1343の構成例を示す図である。図4に示すDAC1343は、上位ビット用の参照信号を生成する上位ビットDAC1343Mと、下位ビット用の参照信号を生成する下位ビットDAC1343Lと、を有する。DAC1343は、複数の容量素子C0~C10と、複数の容量素子C0~C10に対応して配置される複数のスイッチS0~S10と、を有する。図4において、各容量素子C0~C10の容量Cは、比で示している。複数のスイッチS0~S10は、例えば後述する参照電圧生成回路152が出力する参照電圧VRT1、VRT4、VRB、VRB4、VRCのいずれかを切り替え可能に接続される。
続いて、本開示の第1実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Aについて説明する。本実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Aは、容量素子にオペアンプの入力に発生する入力換算のオフセット電圧を保持させ、保持したオフセット電圧を逆極性でオペアンプの入力に加算することでオフセットキャンセルを実行する。
続いて、本開示の第2実施形態について説明する。本開示の第2実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Bは、図8に示す参照電圧生成回路152Aの構成に加え、オペアンプA1の出力を保持するサンプルホールド回路を有する。
続いて、本開示の第3実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Cについて説明する。図17は、本開示の第3実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Cの構成例を示す図である。本実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Cは、図8に示す可変抵抗回路R11のかわりに抵抗値が固定の抵抗R12を有する点を除き、第1実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Aの構成および動作と同じである。
続いて、本開示の第4実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Dについて説明する。図18は、本開示の第4実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Dの構成例を示す図である。本実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Dは、図14に示す参照電圧生成回路152Cの構成に加え、オペアンプA1の出力を保持するサンプルホールド回路を有する。
続いて、本開示の第5実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Eについて説明する。図19は、本開示の第5実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Eの構成例を示す図である。本実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Eは、図8に示す参照電圧生成回路152Aの構成に加え、さらに参照電圧VRT2を出力するための回路を有する。
続いて、本開示の第6実施形態について説明する。図20は、本開示の第6実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Fの構成例を示す図である。本開示の第6実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Fは、図19に示す参照電圧生成回路152Eの構成に加え、オペアンプA1、A2の出力を保持するサンプルホールド回路をそれぞれ有する。
続いて、本開示の第7実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Gについて説明する。図21は、本開示の第7実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Gの構成例を示す図である。本実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Gは、図18に示す可変抵抗回路R11、R11のかわりに抵抗値が固定の抵抗R31~R33を有する点を除き、第5実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Eの構成および動作と同じである。
続いて、本開示の第8実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Hについて説明する。図22は、本開示の第8実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Hの構成例を示す図である。本実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Hは、図21に示す参照電圧生成回路152Gの構成に加え、オペアンプA1、A2の出力を保持するサンプルホールド回路をそれぞれ有する。
続いて、本開示の第9実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Iについて説明する。図24は、本開示の第9実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Iの構成例を示す図である。本実施形態に係る参照電圧生成回路152Iは、オペアンプA2を備えておらず、新たにスイッチSW3を備えている点を除き、図20に示す参照電圧生成回路152Fと同じ構成要素を有する。
本開示に係る技術は、前述したCMOSイメージセンサ等の撮像素子の他に、間接TOF(Indirect-Time of Flight)方式距離画像センサに対しても適用することができる。間接TOF方式距離画像センサは、光源から発した光が対象物で反射し、その反射光の到達位相差の検出に基づいて光飛行時間を計測することによって、対象物までの距離を測定するセンサである。
図26は、本開示に係る技術を適用した間接TOF方式距離画像センサのシステム構成の一例を示すブロック図である。
図27は、本開示に係る技術を適用した間接TOF方式距離画像センサにおける画素の回路構成の一例を示す回路図である。
以上、添付図面を参照しながら本開示の好適な実施形態について詳細に説明したが、本開示の技術的範囲はかかる例に限定されない。本開示の技術分野における通常の知識を有する者であれば、請求の範囲に記載された技術的思想の範疇内において、各種の変更例または修正例に想到し得ることは明らかであり、これらについても、当然に本開示の技術的範囲に属するものと了解される。
(1)
画素アレイ部から延出する垂直信号線に接続された変換回路と、
所定電圧を出力する電圧生成回路と、
前記所定電圧を入力とし、前記変換回路の参照電圧を出力する参照電圧生成回路と、
を備え、
前記参照電圧生成回路は、
前記所定電圧を所定の倍率で増幅して前記参照電圧を出力するオペアンプと、
一端が前記オペアンプの、前記所定電圧が入力される入力端とは異なる入力端に接続される容量素子と、
前記容量素子の他端の接続先を、前記所定電圧が出力される前記電圧生成回路の出力端、または、前記オペアンプのフィードバックループのいずれかに切り替える第1切替回路と、
前記容量素子の一端を前記オペアンプの前記フィードバックループに接続するか否かを切り替える第2切替回路と、
を備える固体撮像装置。
(2)
前記参照電圧生成回路は、前記オペアンプの出力を保持するサンプルホールド回路をさらに備える、(1)に記載の固体撮像装置。
(3)
前記参照電圧生成回路は、前記オペアンプの前記フィードバックループを構成する抵抗回路をさらに備える、(1)または(2)に記載の固体撮像装置。
(4)
前記抵抗回路は可変抵抗回路である、(1)~(3)のいずれか1つに記載の固体撮像装置。
(5)
前記抵抗回路は、前記フィードバックループに所定の分圧比の電圧を印加する、(1)~(3)のいずれか1つに記載の固体撮像装置。
(6)
前記参照電圧生成回路は、
前記所定電圧を所定の倍率で増幅して前記参照電圧を出力する第2オペアンプと、
一端が前記第2オペアンプの、前記所定電圧が入力される入力端とは異なる入力端に接続される第2容量素子と、
前記第2容量素子の他端の接続先を、前記所定電圧が出力される前記電圧生成回路の出力端、または、前記第2オペアンプのフィードバックループのいずれかに切り替える第3切替回路と、
前記第2容量素子の一端を前記第2オペアンプの前記フィードバックループに接続するか否かを切り替える第4切替回路と、
をさらに備える(1)~(5)のいずれか1つに記載の固体撮像装置。
(7)
前記参照電圧生成回路は、前記第2オペアンプの出力を保持する第2サンプルホールド回路をさらに備える、(6)に記載の固体撮像装置。
(8)
前記参照電圧生成回路は、
一端が前記オペアンプの、前記所定電圧が入力される入力端とは異なる入力端に接続される第2容量素子と、
前記第2容量素子の他端の接続先を、前記所定電圧が出力される前記電圧生成回路の出力端、または、前記オペアンプの第2フィードバックループのいずれかに切り替える第3切替回路と、
前記第2容量素子の一端に前記オペアンプの前記第2フィードバックループを接続するか否かを切り替える第4切替回路と、
前記オペアンプの前記フィードバックループに接続され、前記オペアンプの出力を保持するサンプルホールド回路と、
前記オペアンプの前記第2フィードバックループに接続され、前記オペアンプの出力を保持する第2サンプルホールド回路と、
前記容量素子および前記第2容量素子のいずれか一方を前記オペアンプの入力端に接続するかを切り替える第5切替回路と、
(1)に記載の固体撮像装置。
(9)
固体撮像装置と、
前記固体撮像装置から出力される信号を処理する信号処理部と、
を備え、
前記固体撮像装置は、
画素アレイ部から延出する垂直信号線に接続された変換回路と、
所定電圧を出力する電圧生成回路と、
前記所定電圧を入力とし、前記変換回路の参照電圧を出力する参照電圧生成回路と、
を備え、
前記参照電圧生成回路は、
前記所定電圧を所定の倍率で増幅して前記参照電圧を出力するオペアンプと、
一端が前記オペアンプの、前記所定電圧が入力される入力端とは異なる入力端に接続される容量素子と、
前記容量素子の他端の接続先を、前記所定電圧が出力される前記電圧生成回路の出力端、または、前記オペアンプのフィードバックループのいずれかに切り替える第1切替回路と、
前記容量素子の一端を前記オペアンプの前記フィードバックループに接続するか否かを切り替える第2切替回路と、
を備える電子機器。
100 固体撮像装置
111 撮像素子
142 画素駆動配線
144 垂直信号線
134 カラム信号処理回路
134A AD変換器
1341 比較器
1342 SARロジック回路
1343 DAC
151 電圧生成回路
152 参照電圧生成回路
Claims (9)
- 画素アレイ部から延出する垂直信号線に接続された変換回路と、
所定電圧を出力する電圧生成回路と、
前記所定電圧を入力とし、前記変換回路の参照電圧を出力する参照電圧生成回路と、
を備え、
前記参照電圧生成回路は、
前記所定電圧を所定の倍率で増幅して前記参照電圧を出力するオペアンプと、
一端が前記オペアンプの、前記所定電圧が入力される入力端とは異なる入力端に接続される容量素子と、
前記容量素子の他端の接続先を、前記所定電圧が出力される前記電圧生成回路の出力端、または、前記オペアンプのフィードバックループのいずれかに切り替える第1切替回路と、
前記容量素子の一端を前記オペアンプの前記フィードバックループに接続するか否かを切り替える第2切替回路と、
を備える固体撮像装置。 - 前記参照電圧生成回路は、前記オペアンプの出力を保持するサンプルホールド回路をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。
- 前記参照電圧生成回路は、前記オペアンプの前記フィードバックループを構成する抵抗回路をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。
- 前記抵抗回路は可変抵抗回路である、請求項3に記載の固体撮像装置。
- 前記抵抗回路は、前記フィードバックループに所定の分圧比の電圧を印加する、請求項3に記載の固体撮像装置。
- 前記参照電圧生成回路は、
前記所定電圧を所定の倍率で増幅して前記参照電圧を出力する第2オペアンプと、
一端が前記第2オペアンプの、前記所定電圧が入力される入力端とは異なる入力端に接続される第2容量素子と、
前記第2容量素子の他端の接続先を、前記所定電圧が出力される前記電圧生成回路の出力端、または、前記第2オペアンプのフィードバックループのいずれかに切り替える第3切替回路と、
前記第2容量素子の一端を前記第2オペアンプの前記フィードバックループに接続するか否かを切り替える第4切替回路と、
をさらに備える請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。 - 前記参照電圧生成回路は、前記第2オペアンプの出力を保持する第2サンプルホールド回路をさらに備える、請求項6に記載の固体撮像装置。
- 前記参照電圧生成回路は、
一端が前記オペアンプの、前記所定電圧が入力される入力端とは異なる入力端に接続される第2容量素子と、
前記第2容量素子の他端の接続先を、前記所定電圧が出力される前記電圧生成回路の出力端、または、前記オペアンプの第2フィードバックループのいずれかに切り替える第3切替回路と、
前記第2容量素子の一端に前記オペアンプの前記第2フィードバックループを接続するか否かを切り替える第4切替回路と、
前記オペアンプの前記フィードバックループに接続され、前記オペアンプの出力を保持するサンプルホールド回路と、
前記オペアンプの前記第2フィードバックループに接続され、前記オペアンプの出力を保持する第2サンプルホールド回路と、
前記容量素子および前記第2容量素子のいずれか一方を前記オペアンプの入力端に接続するか否かを切り替える第5切替回路と、
をさらに備える請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。 - 固体撮像装置と、
前記固体撮像装置から出力される信号を処理する信号処理部と、
を備え、
前記固体撮像装置は、
画素アレイ部から延出する垂直信号線に接続された変換回路と、
所定電圧を出力する電圧生成回路と、
前記所定電圧を入力とし、前記変換回路の参照電圧を出力する参照電圧生成回路と、
を備え、
前記参照電圧生成回路は、
前記所定電圧を所定の倍率で増幅して前記参照電圧を出力するオペアンプと、
一端が前記オペアンプの、前記所定電圧が入力される入力端とは異なる入力端に接続される容量素子と、
前記容量素子の他端の接続先を、前記所定電圧が出力される前記電圧生成回路の出力端、または、前記オペアンプのフィードバックループのいずれかに切り替える第1切替回路と、
前記容量素子の一端を前記オペアンプの前記フィードバックループに接続するか否かを切り替える第2切替回路と、
を備える電子機器。
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