WO2021123665A1 - Détection de npr1 pour l'évaluation de l'activation des mécanismes de défense des plantes - Google Patents
Détection de npr1 pour l'évaluation de l'activation des mécanismes de défense des plantes Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2869—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against hormone receptors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/16—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from plants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5097—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving plant cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6863—Cytokines, i.e. immune system proteins modifying a biological response such as cell growth proliferation or differentiation, e.g. TNF, CNF, GM-CSF, lymphotoxin, MIF or their receptors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
- C07K2317/33—Crossreactivity, e.g. for species or epitope, or lack of said crossreactivity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
- C07K2317/34—Identification of a linear epitope shorter than 20 amino acid residues or of a conformational epitope defined by amino acid residues
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/415—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from plants
Definitions
- the invention relates to antibodies directed specifically against the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein, as well as their use in methods for detecting the activation of the defenses of a plant by the detection or quantification of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein.
- An optical transmitter / receiver developed by the Force A company and called Multiplex®, allows the "dosage" of molecules, such as anthocyanins, flavonols, etc.
- This portable tool enables rapid acquisition of easily usable data.
- non-destructive measurements allow multiple measurements to be taken on the same organ, thus providing information on the evolution of responses over time.
- the assayed markers are not very specific. These are secondary metabolism compounds specific to each variety of plants that have very diverse roles in the physiology and development of these plants.
- qPFD Low Quantitative Density Chip: RT-PCR quantitative microplate / low density DNA chip
- GUSTAVE GUS Technology for Analysis and Validate plant Elicitor
- the GUS enzyme When the X-Gluc substrate (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl- -D-glucuronic acid, cyclohexylammonium) is supplied to the plant, the GUS enzyme will cleave this substrate and produce an insoluble blue precipitate). A blue coloration then appears if the marker gene is expressed, thus allowing spatial localization of the establishment of the defenses.
- Use of this assay allows rapid screening for SDPs which are capable of activating defenses by easily visualizing expression of marker genes representing either of the two main known defense pathways. It is thus easy to see if the product is capable of activating plant defenses, but also to know what type of defense is activated.
- Protection tests are also offered by multiple companies. These tests make it possible to observe in controlled conditions or in the field the effectiveness of an SDP in terms of protection against pathogens. These tests therefore make it possible to show the effectiveness of an SDP but in no way show the activation of the defenses by this product.
- NPR1 protein is a key protein for plant immunity. It is necessary for the establishment of acquired systemic resistance (SAR) involving the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) involving the pair of phytohormones jasmonic acid / ethylene (JA / Et) which are forms of immunity that can last up to several weeks or even months.
- SAR acquired systemic resistance
- ISR induced systemic resistance
- the NPR1 protein is found in monomeric or oligomeric form in the plant cell.
- the literature indicates that the level of concentration of the monomer is correlated with its activity.
- Patent application WO9806748 describes acquired resistance polypeptides such as NPR1, capable of conferring on a plant expressing said polypeptide resistance to a phytopathogenic agent. Phenotypes of NPR1 mutants demonstrated the biological importance of the Arabidopsis thaliana NPR1 gene in controlling the defense response against a broad spectrum of pathogens.
- An anti-NPR1 antibody is marketed by the company AGRISERA
- Zhonglin Mou ET AL describe the role of NPRI in the acquired systemic resistance (SAR) of plants as well as the mechanisms allowing to confer on plants a broad spectrum immunity against pathogens.
- Two antibodies were used. The first is a polyclonal antibody directed against the N-terminal part of NPR1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. The second is a monoclonal antibody directed against a peptide of 16 amino acids of the C-terminal part of NPR1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. This antibody binds to the monomeric and oligomeric form of NPR1 (“inducers of plant systemic acquired resistance regulate NPR1 function through redox changes gene expression through interaction with transcription”, Cell, June 27, 2003, pages 935-944).
- the inventors have advantageously developed two consensus degenerate peptides, highly immunogenic, which have made it possible to generate antibodies making it possible to specifically target the active form of NPR1 in various plant species of agronomic interest.
- the present invention therefore relates to anti-NPR1 antibodies directed specifically against the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein, preferably the present invention relates to anti-NPR1 antibodies directed specifically against a specific consensus sequence.
- the inventors have in fact developed and used an immunization strategy making it possible to obtain antibodies specific for an active form of NPR1, ie, the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein. This approach has the advantage of showing the activation of plant defenses regardless of the hormonal pathway implemented, on different plants.
- the antibodies according to the invention are not limited to the detection of NPR1 in Arabidopsis thaliana, but make it possible to target the monomeric form of NPR1 in different plant species.
- NPR1 was chosen as an immunity marker making it possible to detect in a multi-specific and broad spectrum manner the activation of plant defenses, on the basis of consensus peptides allowing to be representative of a large part of the plant kingdom.
- the present invention also relates to a method for detecting the activation of the defenses of a plant by the detection or quantification of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein in a plant sample using an anti-NPR1 antibody according to the present invention. invention.
- this method will allow the screening of molecules, potentially SDP, on all plants of agronomic interest, for the emergence of new active substances with SDP activity, to demonstrate the activation of plant defenses following the '' application of a product, to verify in situ the activation of defenses following the application of SDP, to select varieties highly receptive to SDP, to measure the activation of the defense mechanisms of plants before treatment, and to select a plant exhibiting a state of stimulation of natural defenses capable of conferring improved resistance to at least one biotic or abiotic stress.
- the use of the specific anti-NPR1 antibodies according to the present invention makes it possible to detect, quantify and evaluate, in a simple, rapid and low-cost manner, the activation of the defense mechanisms of a plant, on the majority of plants of agronomic interest.
- Fig. 1 represents the position of the two consensus degenerate peptides used to produce the antibodies according to the present invention and directed against the consensus NPR1 protein of different plant species.
- Antipeptide 0 (antipepO) was produced using degenerate peptide 0 of consensus sequence SEQ ID NO 1 by injection of peptides of sequences SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5 in rabbits.
- Antipeptide 1 was produced using degenerate peptide 1 of consensus sequence SEQ ID NO 6, by injection of peptides of sequences SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9 , SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14 in rabbits.
- FIG. 2 represents the recombinant proteins (prot T, P and I) as a function of their positions relative to the NPR1 protein of A. thaliana.
- FIG. 3 is a western blot performed using antipeptideO on plant extracts of A. thaliana whose defenses were activated using Bion® (1) or Salicylic Acid SA (2) or not activated using water (3).
- a 37kDa band is only detected (1 and 2) when the defenses are activated and this band is not detected when the defenses are not activated (3).
- FIG. 4 shows western blots carried out by hybridization of the various recombinant proteins with the anti-histidine tag antibody (1, 3 and 5) and with the antipeptideO (2, 4 and 6).
- a band corresponding to the prot T is detected with the two antibodies (1 and 2).
- Bands of the same size corresponding to prot P (3 and 4) as well as to prot I (5 and 6) are also hybridized with these same antibodies on the corresponding protein extracts. The same bands are therefore detected with these two antibodies when different forms of recombinant proteins having a histidine tag are used.
- Fig. 5 shows western blots carried out by hybridization of the various recombinant proteins with the anti-histidine tag antibody (1, 3 and 5) and with the antipeptideO (2, 4 and 6).
- a band corresponding to the prot T is detected with the two antibodies (1 and 2).
- Bands of the same size corresponding to prot P (3 and 4) as well as to prot I (5 and 6) are also hybrid
- FIG. 5 shows western blots performed by hybridization of extracts of A. thaliana, whether or not treated with different defense activators, with commercial anti-NPR1 antibody (1, 3 and 5) as well as with antipepO (2, 4 and 6).
- Defenses involving the JA / Et pathway are activated using Methyl-Jasmonate (Me-JA), those involving the SA pathway are activated using SA.
- Me-JA Methyl-Jasmonate
- SA Sethyl-Jasmonate
- plants treated with water are used. It is shown that the same band is found regardless of the antibody used and whether the defenses are activated using Me-JA (3 and 4) or using SA (5 and 6).
- FIG.6 shows two western blots carried out by hybridization of extracts of A. thaliana whose defenses were activated using SA, with antipeptides 0 and 1 (antipepO and antipepl). The same band is found at 37kDa (1 and 2) regardless of the antipeptide used.
- Fig. 7 shows two western blots carried out by hybridization of extracts of A. thaliana whose defenses were activated using SA, with antipeptides 0 and 1 (antipepO and antipepl). The same band is found at 37kDa (1 and 2) regardless of the antipeptide used.
- Fig. 7 shows two western blots carried out by hybridization of extracts of A. thaliana whose defenses were activated using SA, with antipeptides 0 and 1 (antipepO and antipepl). The same band is found at 37kDa (1 and 2) regardless of the antipeptide used.
- Fig. 7 shows two western blots carried out by hybridization of extracts of A
- FIG. 7 shows western blots performed by hybridization of immunoprecipitation (IP) eluates with antipeptideO.
- the antibodies used during the PI are released during elution and are therefore detected (1, 2 and 3). These antibodies enabled the 37kDa protein to be immunoprecipitated when extracts of A.thaliana whose defenses have been activated with SA are used (4 and 6).
- AntipepO is also able to immunoprecipitate protP (5), on the other hand the commercial antibody does not allow it as shown by the absence of band at the expected size (7).
- FIG. 8 shows the level of expression of a marker gene of the defenses (PR5) of different samples measured by qPCR (1, 2, 3 and 4) as well as the intensity of the 37kDa band detected by western blot on these same samples (5, 6, 7 and 8).
- the amount of protein deposited does not explain the difference in intensity of these bands as shown by the Coomassie blue staining performed on the membrane (9).
- the level of activation of the defenses measured by qPCR is correlated with the intensity of the band found in Western blot.
- FIG. 9 shows a western blot carried out by hybridization of extracts of tomato, whose defenses have been stimulated or not by spraying SA, Me-JA or water, with antipepO.
- a band is detected around 40kDa with greater intensity on extracts from plants treated with SA (2) and Me-JA (3) than on plants treated with water (1).
- the amount of protein deposited does not explain the difference in intensity of these bands as shown by the Coomassie blue staining performed on the membrane (4).
- the present invention therefore relates to an anti-NPR1 antibody characterized in that said antibody binds specifically to the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein.
- the NPR1 protein (Non expressor of Pathogenesis Related protein 1), also known as nim1 and sai1, is a protein involved in various immune signaling pathways, in systemic acquired resistance (SAR), involving the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) , induced systemic resistance (ISR) involving the pair of phytohormones jasmonic acid / ethylene (JA / Et) as well as local acquired resistance (LAR).
- SAR systemic acquired resistance
- ISR induced systemic resistance
- JA / Et phytohormones jasmonic acid / ethylene
- LAR local acquired resistance
- NPR1 is present in dynamic equilibrium between high molecular weight oligomers (linked via intermolecular disulfide bridges), which are inactive, and monomers which are the active form of the protein.
- the status of the protein is tightly controlled by redox changes in the plant cells that are triggered by external aggression such as temperature, UV radiation, infection, a pathogen or treatment with a substance such as salicylic acid (SA), or Methyl-Jasmonate (Me-Ja) or the Bion®.
- SA salicylic acid
- Bion® Bion®
- the antibodies according to the present invention bind specifically to the monomeric form, i.e., to the active form of NPR1.
- Anti-NPR1 antibodies recognize and bind specifically to the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein rather than the oligomeric form.
- the term “anti-NPR1 antibody which binds specifically to the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein” is understood to mean an antibody which has a high affinity for its target molecule, ie, for the monomeric form of the protein. NPR1 protein.
- the terms “specifically binds” or “specifically recognizes” are used herein to indicate that the antibody has the ability to recognize and interact with the monomeric form of NPR1, while having relatively few detectable interactions with it. the oligomeric form of NPR1.
- the antibody binds specifically to the monomeric form of NPR1 if its affinity is significantly higher for the monomeric form of NPR1 than for the oligomeric form of NPR1, preferably, the anti-NPR1 antibody according to the present invention does not bind to the oligomeric form of NPR1.
- antibody and “immunoglobulin” are equivalent and can be used interchangeably.
- An antibody or immunoglobulin is a glycoprotein synthesized in response to an antigen, capable of recognizing and fixing the antigen responsible for its production.
- antibody denotes immunoglobulins or immunologically active parts of immunoglobulin, that is to say molecules which contain an antigen binding site which immunospecifically binds to said antigen.
- antibody encompasses not only whole antibody molecules, but also antibody fragments as well as variants (including derivatives) of antibodies.
- immunoglobulin molecules have a basic structure made up of four polypeptide chains linked together by disulfide bonds. Each light chain is made up of approximately 220 amino acids and has a molecular weight of approximately 25 kilodaltons (kDa). Each heavy chain consists of approximately 400 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 50 to 70 kDa.
- the heavy chains are structurally distinct. Both heavy chains and light chains contain two different regions.
- the constant regions (CL and CH) have amino acid sequences that do not vary significantly between antibodies of the same class.
- the variable regions (VL and VH) of antibodies have different sequences. Folded together, the variable regions (VL and VH) form the binding site of the antibody (Microbiology, L. Prescott 2002).
- the anti-NPR1 antibody is a polyclonal antibody.
- Polyclonal antibodies have the advantage of being generated quickly (for example in a few weeks), more easily and at a lower cost compared to monoclonal antibodies. In addition, because they recognize multiple epitopes, polyclonal antibodies generally have a broader spectrum of activity than monoclonal antibodies.
- the polyclonal antibodies are preferably non-human polyclonal antibodies.
- the polyclonal antibodies can be chosen from the group consisting of rabbit polyclonal antibodies, mouse polyclonal antibodies, rat polyclonal antibodies, guinea pig polyclonal antibodies, chicken polyclonal antibodies, goat polyclonal antibodies, polyclonal cow antibodies, polyclonal sheep antibodies and combinations thereof.
- the polyclonal antibodies are polyclonal rabbit antibodies.
- a person skilled in the art can use any technique to develop polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies directed specifically against the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein, so that said antibodies bind specifically to an NPR1 antigen.
- antigen includes all substances such as proteins, nucleoproteins, polysaccharides, peptides and certain glycolipids which induce an immune reaction and which react with the products of these responses.
- Each antigen can have several antigenic determinants or epitopes. Epitopes are the regions of the antibody that bind to the antigen binding site on a specific antigen (according to Microbiology, L. Prescott 2002).
- the inventors of the present invention have advantageously carried out an alignment of the sequences of the NPR1 protein originating from several plant species (beet, alfalfa, cotton, cocoa, tomato, potato, castor, pepper, poplar, tobacco, sweet potato , papaya, vine, brown mustard, rapeseed, apple tree, etc.) as well as that of Arabidopsis thaliana [0051]
- a consensus sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 was then identified.
- peptides are said to be degenerate because two or three amino acids of their sequence are variable, and consensus because the different sequences thus created correspond to the sequences of NPR1 conserved in different plant species. These synthetic peptides were thus used as an antigen to immunize rabbits and to produce the antibodies or antipeptides.
- antipeptides could alternatively be used. It is in fact used to clarify that these are antibodies created using consensus degenerate peptides. These antipeptides are of the polyclonal type but the strategy implemented could just as well be carried out using monoclonal antibodies.
- SEC ID NO: 1 The consensus sequence of SEC ID NO: 1 comprises two degenerate amino acids (X1 and X2):
- X1 can be either a Valine (Val) or an Isoleucine (Ile), and X2 can be a Serine (Ser) or a Proline (Pro).
- SEQ ID NO: 6 The consensus sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 comprises three degenerate amino acids (X3 and X4 and X5):
- X3 can be either a Valine (Val) or an Isoleucine (Ile)
- X4 can be a Serine (Ser) or a Proline (Pro)
- X5 can be a Serine (Ser) or a Proline (Pro).
- the present invention also relates to an anti-NPR1 antibody characterized in that said antibody binds to at least one epitope of the monomeric form of NPR1, of sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 , SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5.
- the anti-NPR1 antibody is characterized in that said antibody binds to at least two epitopes of the monomeric form of NPR1 with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5.
- the anti-NPR1 antibody is characterized in that said antibody binds to at least three epitopes of the monomeric form of NPR1 of sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5.
- the anti-NPR1 antibody binds to an epitope of consensus sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 where X1 is a valine or an isoleucine and X2 is a serine or a proline.
- the anti-NPR1 antibody binds to the sequences SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, and SEQ ID NO: 5 of the monomeric form of the protein NPR1.
- the present invention also relates to an anti-NPR1 antibody characterized in that said antibody binds to at least one epitope of the monomeric form of NPR1 with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14.
- the anti-NPR1 antibody is characterized in that said antibody binds to at least two epitopes of the monomeric form of NPR1 with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14.
- the anti-NPR1 antibody is characterized in that said antibody binds to at least three epitopes of the monomeric form of NPR1 with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14.
- the anti-NPR1 antibody is characterized in that said antibody binds to at least four epitopes of the monomeric form of NPR1 with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14.
- the anti-NPR1 antibody is characterized in that said antibody binds to at least five epitopes of the monomeric form of NPR1 with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14.
- the anti-NPR1 antibody is characterized in that said antibody binds to at least six epitopes of the monomeric form of NPR1 with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14.
- the anti-NPR1 antibody is characterized in that said antibody binds to at least seven epitopes of the monomeric form of NPR1 with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14.
- the anti-NPR1 antibody binds to an epitope of consensus sequence SEQ ID NO: 6 where X3 is a valine or an isoleucine, X4 is a serine or a proline and X5 is a serine or a proline.
- the anti-NPR1 antibody binds to the sequences SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14 of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein.
- Polyclonal antibodies are preferably obtained or can be obtained from at least one biological sample of an animal immunized with at least one antigen preferably comprising or consisting of at least one sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5 and / or of SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO : 10, SEQ ID NO:
- the polyclonal antibodies can be obtained by immunizing a non-human animal with an antigenic composition comprising a mixture of antigens of sequences SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO : 4 and SEQ ID NO: 5 and / or a mixture of antigens of sequences SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14.
- antipeptide 0 or "antipep 0" is understood to mean a non-human polyclonal antibody obtained by immunization of a non-human animal with an antigen composition comprising a mixture of peptides of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 , SEQ ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 5.
- antipeptide 1 or “antipep 1” is understood to mean a non-human polyclonal antibody obtained by immunization of a non-human animal with an antigen composition comprising a mixture of peptides of SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8 , SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO:
- Another object of the invention is a method for producing polyclonal antibodies as defined above, in which said method comprises the steps of:
- - provide a biological sample from an animal immunized with at least one antigen preferably comprising or consisting of at least one sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5 and / or of SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14 ;
- the present invention also relates to a method for detecting the activation of the defenses of a plant comprising the detection of the form monomeric of the NPR1 protein in a sample of said plant, using an anti-NPR1 antibody according to the present invention.
- the use of the specific anti-NPR1 antibodies according to the present invention make it possible to target the active form of the NPR1 protein of different species of plants in order to detect the defenses put in place by the plants, and this for the majority. plants of agronomic interest.
- activation of the defense mechanisms of plants is meant the development of a set of biological modifications which confer on this plant i) immediate resistance, in particular LAR (local acquired resistance), ii) induced systemic resistance ( ISR) and / or SAR (systemic acquired resistance) and / or iii) a pre-sensitization of the potentiation type thanks to which it becomes capable of reacting more effectively to a subsequent biotic or abiotic stress.
- the activation of the defense mechanisms of plants also means the activated or non-activated state of the various molecular pathways involved in the natural defense mechanisms and in particular according to the pathway involving salicylic acid but also those involving the acid. jasmonique.
- the activation of plant defense mechanisms also refers to stress resistance, that is, the ability of a plant to cope with biotic and / or abiotic stresses.
- Biotic stress is caused by a living organism. These include any harmful organism affecting the health of a plant. These are all living organisms capable of attacking a cultivated plant. These include pests (insects, nematodes, spiders), disease-causing agents (fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids) and all weeds (weeds). Mention may also be made of animals such as rodents or ruminants.
- Abiotic stress is caused by environmental conditions (excluding living organisms) such as drought, cold, ultraviolet rays, etc. (Methodological guide for evaluating the effectiveness of Plant Defense Stimulators (SDP).
- SDP Plant Defense Stimulators
- plant is understood to mean, for example, a plant at any stage of development whatsoever, in particular an embryo or any other stage of the seedling or of the adult plant.
- the plants are chosen from fruit trees, vegetable crops, vines, cereals and oilseeds, protein crops, oil-protein crops, tobacco, plants belonging to the Brassicaceae family and ornamental plants.
- the plants will be chosen from Arabidopsis thaliana, beet, alfalfa, cotton, cocoa, tomato, potato, castor oil, chili, poplar, tobacco, sweet potato , papaya, vine, brown mustard, rapeseed, apple tree, wheat, strawberry, cabbage, salad.
- sample is understood to mean any sample making it possible to detect and quantify the monomeric form of NPR1.
- the sample can be obtained from the whole plant (e.g. a seed or a young plant), a part of the plant, or a plurality of plants or parts of plants, such as a batch of. plants or leaves. Those skilled in the art know how to obtain such samples for the detection and quantification of a protein.
- part of the plant for example the pollen, the ova, the embryos, the aerial parts (stems and leaves), the leaves, the anthers, the stems, the petioles, the roots, the fruits, the seeds, flowers, buds, protoplasts, calluses, cells and cellular tissues.
- the aerial parts will be used.
- any means for detecting and / or quantifying the monomeric form of NPR1 in a sample can be used.
- the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein can be detected and / or quantified in the method according to the present invention by Western blot, an ELISA test (Enzyme Link ImmunoSorbent Assay) or a strip test of the LFD type (Lateral Flow Device. or Lateral Flow Immunchromatograhic Assay).
- the detection of the monomeric form of NPR1 by the specific antibodies according to the present invention makes it possible to identify a plant exhibiting an induction of the activation of its defense mechanisms.
- the monomeric form of NPR1 will be quantified.
- the quantification of the monomeric form of NPR1 can be expressed in an arbitrary unit to reflect the amount of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein in the sample.
- the value may consist of the concentration of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein, measured by any method for quantifying proteins known to those skilled in the art, such as by Western blot.
- the method for detecting / quantifying the activation of the defenses of a plant may comprise an additional step of comparison with a reference sample, in order to determine or quantify the state of activation of the defenses. of said plant.
- reference sample means a sample obtained from a plant or parts of a plant whose state of activation of the defenses is known.
- the reference samples can be derived from plants or parts of plants which are untreated or unstressed, or which are previously subjected to SDP or to biotic or abiotic stress.
- active substance capable of activating the defenses of a plant or "Plant Defenses Stimulator” or “SDP” or “natural defenses stimulators” or “SDN” is understood to mean any substance or any non-living microorganism. pathogen, which applied to a plant, is capable of promoting a significantly higher resistance state compared to an untreated plant in the face of biotic or even abiotic stresses.
- An SDP does not act generally not directly on pests, it is perceived by the plant as a warning message. This will react by preparing or setting up different defense mechanisms, which will help make it more resistant to pest attacks.
- SDP a product effective on a plant-pathogen pair, not exhibiting noticeable direct effect on the pathogen at the dose effective on the plant, and capable of inducing, under these conditions, known defense markers ( PR proteins, lipoxygenase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, ).
- SDPs are for example described in application WO2011 / 161388 and can be classified into two main families: i) compounds known as “direct stimulators”, which lead, once applied to the plant, to complete activation of the reactions of defense, whether or not there is the presence of pathogens, and ii) compounds known as “potentiators”, which trigger, after application to the plant, only the aforementioned “potentiation” phenomenon (the defense reactions only activate 'following an attack by a pathogen or stress).
- Bion® can be sprayed on the plants or parts of plants, to obtain a reference sample representative of bacterial stress.
- SA salicylic acid
- Methyl-Jasmonate can be applied to the plant or part of a plant.
- the plant or part of a plant can be exposed to UV radiation, heat, cold, etc.
- water can be sprayed on the plants or parts of plants.
- unstressed reference sample the plant or part of a plant can be isolated in a preserved and controlled environment.
- an SDP can be applied to the plant or part of a plant.
- detection of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein will be significant for the activation of a plant's defenses.
- the method according to the present invention makes it possible to detect and / or measure the activation of the defense mechanisms of plants by the detection and / or the quantification of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein.
- the method will make it possible to detect / measure the activation of plant defense mechanisms in the field before treatment to facilitate decision support and the positioning of SDP according to the reactivity of the targeted plants.
- the method according to the invention also makes it possible to advantageously demonstrate the activation of the defenses following the application of a product as requested in the context of the method of the Biological Test Commission (CEB) on the "general principles of experimentation with stimulators of plant defenses ”(general method MG14), necessary for the approval process and regulating the marketing of the product.
- CEB Bio Test Commission
- this immunological detection and quantification technique can be used in different species of plants in order to be able to be widely used on different crops of agronomic interest.
- the present invention also relates to a method of screening for active substances capable of activating the defenses of a plant comprising: a) treating a sample of said plant with at least one substance; b) detection in said sample of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein according to the detection method according to the present invention.
- the present invention also relates to a method of screening for active substances capable of activating the defenses of a plant comprising a) treating a sample of said plant with at least one substance; b) quantification in said sample of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein according to the detection method according to the present invention.
- the present screening method makes it possible to screen potentially SDP molecules in the laboratory in order to allow the emergence of new active substances with SDP activity.
- the detection and / or quantification of the monomeric form of NPR1 by the antibodies according to the present invention will make it possible to determine the efficiency of a molecule as SDP.
- the term "substance” means any substance or any non-pathogenic living microorganism, the properties of which of promoting a significantly higher state of resistance compared to an untreated plant in the face of biotic or even abiotic stresses are not. known.
- the method according to the present invention thus makes it possible to screen any active compound or active, biological or chemical composition.
- the detection of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein will be indicative of the efficacy of the substance tested, and will make it possible to classify said substance as SDP.
- the screening method may comprise an additional step of comparison, with a reference sample, of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein according to the detection method according to the present invention.
- the amount of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein in the plant sample can be compared to the amount of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein in the reference sample.
- a significant increase in the amount of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein in the plant sample compared to the reference sample is synonymous with the effectiveness of the substance as SDP and may allow it to be classified as said.
- substance as SDP while the absence of significant variation may be synonymous with lack of efficacy as SDP.
- the invention also relates to a method for evaluating the sensitivity of a plant to a molecule capable of stimulating the defenses of a plant comprising: a) treating a sample of said plant with a molecule capable of stimulating plant defenses; b) detection in said sample of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein according to the present invention.
- the invention also relates to a method of evaluating the sensitivity of a plant to a molecule capable of stimulating the defenses of a plant comprising: a) the treatment of a sample of said plant with a molecule capable of stimulate plant defenses; b) quantification in said sample of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein according to the present invention.
- the detection of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein will make it possible to conclude on the sensitivity of the plant to the molecule capable of stimulating the defenses of a plant.
- the method of evaluating the sensitivity of a plant to a molecule capable of stimulating the defenses of a plant could comprise an additional step of comparison with a reference sample, in order to determine or evaluate the state of activation of said plant from the concentration of the monomeric form of NPR1 obtained in the quantification step.
- the amount of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein in the plant sample can be compared to the amount of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein in the reference sample.
- a significant increase in the amount of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein in the plant sample compared to the reference sample is indicative of the plant's sensitivity to the molecule capable of stimulating a plant's defenses.
- the present evaluation method thus and advantageously makes it possible to select varieties highly receptive to SDP, in the context of varietal selection or else to optimize the plant variety / SDP pairs. [0135] Method for selecting a plant exhibiting improved resistance
- the present invention also relates to a method for selecting a plant exhibiting a state of activation of the defenses capable of conferring on it an improved resistance to at least one biotic and / or abiotic stress comprising: i) the application of said stress (s) to a sample of said plant, ii) detection in said sample of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein according to the detection method of the present invention.
- the present invention also relates to a method for selecting a plant exhibiting a state of activation of the defenses capable of conferring on it an improved resistance to at least one biotic and / or abiotic stress comprising: i) the application of said or said stress to a sample of said plant, ii) quantification in said sample of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein according to the detection method of the present invention.
- the detection of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein in the plant sample will be synonymous with improved resistance to at least one biotic and / or abiotic stress and will allow the plant to be selected for its activating properties. improved defenses.
- the selection method may further comprise a step of comparison with a reference sample to determine or evaluate the state of stimulation of the natural defenses of the plant in order to select said plant if the plant has a state of activation of the plants.
- defenses capable of giving it improved resistance to at least one biotic or abiotic stress.
- a significantly increased concentration of the monomeric form of the NPR1 protein, in comparison with a reference sample not subjected to a stress and / or a SDP makes it possible to identify the plants or parts of plants exhibiting a state of. activation of defenses and improved resistance.
- Kit for implementing the methods according to the invention [0140]
- the present invention also relates to a kit for the implementation of detection, screening and activation methods according to the present invention comprising an anti-NPR1 antibody according to the invention.
- the production of the consensus degenerate peptides and the antibodies according to the present invention was carried out by the company GENEPEP. For this, they first synthesized the two peptides (pepO) and (pep1) as represented in FIG. 1 on the basis of the two consensus sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 6.
- the peptides of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, were used as an immunogen in order to induce an immune reaction directed against these peptides in the rabbit.
- the peptides of sequences defined above were injected into 2 rabbits each and this 5 times during the life of the rabbits. All of their blood was then drawn in order to extract the serum containing the antibodies recognizing the injected peptides.
- the rabbit serum obtained is used to purify the antipeptides (antipeptide 0 or antipepO and antipeptide 1 or antipepl) specific for the active form of NPR1, according to the following method:
- the membrane is a 1.5 x5cm Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVFD) membrane activated beforehand for 10 min in absolute ethanol and then dried. This membrane is then transferred to a hemolysis tube and then saturated with 1 ml of 0.1% tween phosphate buffer (PBST) + 5% milk (Régilait® skimmed milk powder) with stirring for 1 hour at 4 ° C. A milliliter of corresponding serum is added thereto before incubation with shaking overnight at 4 ° C. The membrane is then washed 4 times with 2 ml of PBST, stirring for 15 min at 4 ° C.
- PVFD Polyvinylidene difluoride
- the antipeptides are then eluted by acid shock (1 ml of 50 mM glycine, 500 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20, 1% BSA, pH 3) for 1 min with stirring at 4 ° C.
- the 1 ml eluate is recovered and neutralized with 100 ml of 1M Tris Base. This elution is repeated 5 times, and eluates 2 and 3 (the most concentrated in antipeptide) are recovered in order to be concentrated.
- Plants of A. thaliana are cultivated in soil for 3 weeks in a long day culture chamber (18h of light 60% hygrometry, 21 ° C during the day and 19 ° C at night) then are sprayed with water (negative control) of Bion ® 0.015% or 1mM Salicylic Acid (SA) (SA pathway activation control) or using 0.1 mM Methyl-Jasmonate (Me-JA) in 0.1% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) ( Jasmonic Acid (JA) pathway activation witness). The aerial parts of the plants are then harvested 48 hours after spraying and crushed in liquid nitrogen.
- SA Salicylic Acid
- Me-JA Methyl-Jasmonate
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- the total proteins of these plants are then extracted at a rate of 1 ml of extraction buffer (50 mM Tris-HCI pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl, 5 mM EDTA, 10% glycerol 4% lodoacetamide, 1X antiprotease (cOmpleteTM, Mini, EDTA-free Protease inhibitor Cocktail, ROCHE)) per mg of frozen powder.
- the samples are thawed in the buffer by vortexing regularly and then centrifuged (10min, 14000g, 4 ° C). The supernatant is centrifuged again under the same conditions. The final supernatants are recovered and constitute the plant protein extracts used for the various experiments b) Extraction of proteins from other plants
- Tomato plants were grown in a greenhouse for 4 weeks before being sprayed with SA, Me-JA or water to activate their defenses or not. The aerial parts of these plants are harvested after 48 hours, then powdered in liquid nitrogen and used to extract the proteins.
- the total proteins of these plants are then extracted at a rate of 2mI of extraction buffer (Tris-Hcl pH7.550mM, NaCl 150mM, EDTA 0.5mM, Triton X1000.1%, nP40 0.2% 1X antiprotease (cOmpleteTM, Mini, EDTA -free Protease inhibitor Cocktail, ROCHE)) per mg powder.
- the samples are resuspended in the buffer by vortexing regularly and then centrifuged (10 min, 14,000 g, 4 ° C). The supernatant is centrifuged again under the same conditions. The final supernatants are recovered and constitute the plant protein extracts used for the various experiments.
- 10% acrylamide SDS page gels are used for the migration of protein extracts.
- 30 ml of plant extract or 25 ml of immunoprecipitation eluate are incubated in 15 ml of Laemmli 2 ⁇ 10 min at 65 ° C. with stirring and then deposited per well.
- the gels are then migrated in RB1X buffer at constant voltage (100 mV).
- the proteins having been subjected to electrophoresis are then transferred onto PVFD membranes previously activated for 10 min in absolute ethanol, using the trans-blot® turbo TM transfer System from Bio-rad.
- the membranes are then rinsed 3 times in phosphate-buffered saline + 1% Tween (PBST) and then saturated with milk protein in PBST + 5% milk (1 hour with 40 rpm stirring, room temperature). They are then incubated overnight in PBST + 5% milk overnight at 4% in the presence of the primary antibody (1/5000 °). The membranes are then washed in PBST (4 ⁇ 10 min + 1x 1 h, 40rpm, room temperature) and then incubated with the secondary antibody (anti-rabbit HRP from sigma, 1/10000, 1h 40rpm, room temperature).
- PBST phosphate-buffered saline + 1% Tween
- the membranes are then stained with Coomassie blue for 1 hour at room temperature with stirring at 35rpm.
- the protein profiles are then revealed by decolorizing the membranes with a decolorizing solution of 10% acetic acid and 10% ethanol overnight at room temperature with stirring at 35rpm.
- Magnetic beads coupled to protein A are used to perform immunoprecipitation (PI) of proteins A. thaliana or recombinant proteins using the antipeptide or a commercial antibody targeting NPR1 only in this plant species (Agrisera No. AS12 1854).
- Beads are prepared for each IP. For this, 4 aliquots of 100mI of bead solution are placed in 1.5ml eppendorf tubes then placed on a magnetic rack for 2min. The supernatant is discarded and the beads are washed twice with 500 ml of PBST. The tubes are again placed on the magnetic rack for 2 min, the supernatant is removed and then 90 ml of PBST are placed there. Six microliters of commercial antibody (6pg) and 0.5mI of antipeptide (25pg) are added per tube (qs 100mI PBST) then the whole is incubated for 1 hour 30 minutes at room temperature with stirring on a wheel.
- 6pg commercial antibody
- 25pg 0.5mI of antipeptide
- the supernatant is removed and the beads coupled to the antibodies are washed 3 times with 500 ml of PBST while stirring (5 min) on a wheel. The whole is then taken up in 100 ml of PBST.
- the antibodies are then covalently linked to the proteins A of the beads by washing them twice for 10 min with stirring with 1 ml of crosslink buffer (200 mM triethanolamine pH 8.2).
- the tubes are again placed on the magnetic support (2 min) then the supernatant is removed.
- One milliliter of cross-link + DMP buffer 200 mM triethanolamine pH 8.2 + 20 mM dimethyl pimelimidate dihydrochloride
- the covalent binding reaction is stopped by removing the supernatant (on a magnetic rack), by adding 1 ml of 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5 (incubation for 15 min at RT with shaking on a wheel) then by washing 3 times 5 min with 500 ml of PBST.
- the balls tied so covalent to the antibodies are then taken up in 10OmI of PBST and stored at 4 ° C. for the PIs.
- the tubes are placed on the magnetic rack to remove the supernatant, 800mI of total protein d‘A. thaliana treated with SA or 150mI of recombinant protein (1 pg for each) are placed in the 4 tubes containing magnetic beads linked either to the commercial antibody or to the antipeptide.
- the 4 tubes are incubated overnight at 4 ° C. on a wheel in order to hybridize the protein or proteins recognized by the antibodies to them.
- the beads coupled to the antibodies themselves hybridized to the proteins are washed 5 times 5 min with 500 ml of PBST.
- the proteins recognized by the antibodies are then eluted using 50mI laemmli + 100mM dithiothreitol (DTT) a first time 15min at room temperature (eluate 1) then a second time still using laemmli + 100mM DTT but for 1 hour at 95 ° C (eluate2). These different eluates are then used in WB and SDSpage.
- DTT dithiothreitol
- PCRs were carried out using the cDNAs of A. thaliana using standard primers known to those skilled in the art. These primers make it possible to amplify the DNA sequences encoding the three proteins aroused by integrating therein a TEV sequence at 5 ′ allowing the cleavage of the proteins by the TEV protease.
- the attB1 and attB2 sequences were also added to the primers in order to integrate them respectively in 5 'and in 3' of the PCR products in order to assemble them in the vector pDONR207 by reaction of BP within the framework of cloning by the Gateway® technique.
- the clones obtained were validated by sequencing (GATC biotech) and then used to purify the donor plasmids (pDONR207 + constructions) for further cloning.
- the donor plasmids were then used for the recombination reaction (step LR of the Gateway® protocol) with the expression plasmids (PetG10-A) making it possible to add a sequence encoding a histidine tag 5 'of the various sequences of interest. and to translate these sequences into protein in an inducible manner (by adding Isopropyl bDl-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)).
- IPTG Isopropyl bDl-thiogalactopyranoside
- the expression plasmids obtained were then cloned into the bacterium E. coli dH5a in order to multiply and purify them, then they were cloned into E. coli Rosetta in order to produce the proteins with their histidine tag.
- the different bacteria having the constructs of interest were cultured in 2I of lysogenic broth + Ampicillin 100pg / nnl + Chloramphenicol 34pg / ml, until having an optical density of 0.6 to 600nm, at 37 ° C.
- the production of protein is then triggered by adding IPTG (0.5 mM for T and P and 1 mM for I).
- IPTG 0.5 mM for T and P and 1 mM for I
- the bacteria are taken 3 hours later for T and P and 4 hours later for I.
- the cultures are separated into 6 times 40ml each and centrifuged (12000g 15min at 4 ° C).
- the pellets are frozen in liquid nitrogen for the following steps.
- the pellets are resuspended in denaturing lysis buffer because the recombinant proteins are in inclusion bodies (100mM NaH2PO4, 10mM pH8 tris, 250mM NaCl, 8M urea, 1mM DTT, 250mM imidazole, 1X antiprotease (cOmpleteTM, Mini , EDTA-free Protease inhibitor Cocktail, ROCHE)) then lysed by sonication (12 pulses of 20 s at 50% amplitude interspersed with a pause of 30 sec, on 2 ° ice). The extracts are then centrifuged (20,000g, 15min 4 ° C) to pellet the cell debris. The supernatants are recovered and used for the various experiments as a recombinant protein.
- inclusion bodies 100mM NaH2PO4, 10mM pH8 tris, 250mM NaCl, 8M urea, 1mM DTT, 250mM imidazole, 1X antiprotease (cOmpleteTM, Mini
- Plants of A. thaliana are cultivated in soil for 3 weeks in a long day culture chamber and then sprayed with water (negative control) with 0.015% Bion® (control for activation of the SA pathway). The aerial parts of the plants are then harvested 48 hours after spraying and crushed in liquid nitrogen.
- RNAs are then extracted with trizol and then are assayed in order to start from 1 ⁇ g of RNA for the DNase and RT steps.
- the DNA present in the samples is degraded using DNase (1 ⁇ g of RNA, 1 ⁇ l of 10X buffer with MgCl2, 1 ⁇ l of DNase, made up to 10 ⁇ l with DEPC water). The whole is incubated for 45 min at 37 ° C. in a water bath and then 1 ⁇ l of 50 mM EDTA is added before incubation for 10 min at 65 ° C., still in a water bath in order to inactivate the DNase. These DNase-treated RNAs are then used for the retro-transcription (RT) step.
- RT retro-transcription
- RNA Five microliters of RNA are incubated at 65 ° C. for 5 min in a water bath with 1 ⁇ l of primers and 6.5 ⁇ l of water treated with diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC). Then 4 ⁇ l of 5X RT buffer, 0.5 ⁇ l of Ribolock, 2 ⁇ l of 10 mM dNTPs and 1 ⁇ l of M-MuLV reverse transcriptase are added per tube before incubation for 1 h at 37 ° C. in a water bath. The reverse transcriptase is then inactivated for 10 min at 70 ° C. The cDNAs thus obtained are then diluted by 10 (addition of 180 ⁇ l of water) to be used during the quantitative PCR step. The qPCR reaction is carried out in 10mI, at a rate of 5mI of SybrGreen mix, 0.3mI of mixture of primers at 0.3mM, 2.4mI of water and 2.5mI of cDNA.
- DEPC dieth
- the qPCRs are performed using a CFX-96 Real Time PCR System thermal cycler from Bio-Rad.
- the raw data obtained is processed using the Bio-Rad CFX manager software.
- the quantity of normalized transcripts is then obtained by calculating the ratio between the data obtained for the defense genes of interest and for the constitutive gene used (here the gene encoding clathrin), taking into account the efficiency of the primers obtained at using the dilution range and their quantity expressed in arbitrary units
- the objective of the present example is to show that the antibodies according to the present invention make it possible to detect an active form of NPR1.
- Western blots were therefore made from extracts of A. Thaliana treated with Bion®, SA, or water.
- a band is detected when the plants are treated with defense activators and is not detected when the plants are treated with water. This band is detected at a size of 37 kDa, as shown in Figure 3.
- the various recombinant forms of NPR1 produced in E.coli are used in order to carry out tests.
- Histidine tag Histidine tag
- antipeptides make it possible to detect a band of the same size by western blot on protein extracts of A. thaliana elicited by SDP, SA, as shown in Figure 6.
- the antibodies according to the present invention make it possible to specifically detect the active form of the NPR1 protein, unlike the commercial anti-NPR1 antibody which does not make it possible to discriminate the active form from the inactive form of NPR1.
- the anti-NPR1 antibody thus cannot determine whether the defense mechanisms of plants are activated, since it indiscriminately detects the active and inactive forms of NPR1.
- Example 2 Presence of the active form of NPR1 during the activation of different defense pathways
- Example 3 Sensitivity of the method and advantage over the commercial antibody.
- Antipeptide 0 as well as the commercial antibody were used to perform immunoprecipitation (IP) (Dynabeads TM Protein A, ThermoFisher No. 10001D) on extract of proteins from A. thaliana treated with SA. The 37 kDa band is observed on the electrophoresis of the PI eluate obtained with plant extracts whose defenses have been activated Figure 7.
- IP immunoprecipitation
- the antibodies according to the present invention exhibit improved sensitivity compared to a commercial anti-NPR1 antibody and make it possible to detect NPR1 when the commercial antibody does not detect it.
- Example 4 Quantification of the activation of plant defenses by the antibody according to the present invention
- the method according to the present invention makes it possible not only to detect the activation of plant defenses but also to quantify the level of activation of plant defenses.
- Example 5 Detection of the activation of defenses in different plant species by the antibodies according to the present invention
- a band detected turns out to be much more intense when the protein extract used comes from tomato plants treated with SA or Me-JA compared to the protein extract obtained from the batch of control plants treated with water and this as shown in Figure 9.
- the use of the specific anti-NPR1 antibodies according to the present invention make it possible to target the active form of the NPR1 protein of different species of plants and also make it possible to detect the defenses of plants set up according to the route involving salicylic acid but also those involving the JA / Et pathway.
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Abstract
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| BR112022012272A BR112022012272A2 (pt) | 2019-12-20 | 2020-12-18 | Anticorpo anti-npr1 e métodos de detecção da ativação de defesas de uma planta, de triagem de substâncias ativas capazes de ativar as defesas de uma planta, de avaliação da sensibilidade de uma planta e de seleção de uma planta |
| EP20848958.3A EP4077393A1 (fr) | 2019-12-20 | 2020-12-18 | Détection de npr1 pour l'évaluation de l'activation des mécanismes de défense des plantes |
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| FRFR1915194 | 2019-12-20 | ||
| FR1915194A FR3105223A1 (fr) | 2019-12-20 | 2019-12-20 | Détection de NPR1 pour l’évaluation de l’activation des mécanismes de défense des plantes |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998006748A1 (fr) | 1996-08-09 | 1998-02-19 | The General Hospital Corporation | Genes npr d'immunisation acquise et leurs utilisations |
| US20100092442A1 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2010-04-15 | Barry Jacobsen | Bacillus isolates and methods of their use to protect against plant pathogens |
| WO2011161388A1 (fr) | 2010-06-24 | 2011-12-29 | Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique - Inra | Dispositif pour determiner ou etudier l'etat de stimulation des defenses naturelles de plantes ou parties de plantes |
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2019
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- 2020-12-18 EP EP20848958.3A patent/EP4077393A1/fr active Pending
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998006748A1 (fr) | 1996-08-09 | 1998-02-19 | The General Hospital Corporation | Genes npr d'immunisation acquise et leurs utilisations |
| US20100092442A1 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2010-04-15 | Barry Jacobsen | Bacillus isolates and methods of their use to protect against plant pathogens |
| WO2011161388A1 (fr) | 2010-06-24 | 2011-12-29 | Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique - Inra | Dispositif pour determiner ou etudier l'etat de stimulation des defenses naturelles de plantes ou parties de plantes |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
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| AMANDA ROCHON ET AL: "The Coactivator Function of Arabidopsis NPR1 Requires the Core of Its BTB/POZ Domain and the Oxidation of C-Terminal Cysteines", THE PLANT CELL, vol. 18, no. 12, 1 December 2006 (2006-12-01), US, pages 3670 - 3685, XP055725113, ISSN: 1040-4651, DOI: 10.1105/tpc.106.046953 * |
| DESPRES C ET AL: "The Arabidopsis NPR1/NIM1 protein enhances the DNA binding activity of a subgroup of the TGA family of bZIP transcription factors", THE PLANT CELL, AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT BIOLOGISTS, US, vol. 12, no. 2, 1 February 2000 (2000-02-01), pages 279 - 290, XP002320308, ISSN: 1040-4651, DOI: 10.1105/TPC.12.2.279 * |
| MEUR G ET AL: "Differential induction of NPR1 during defense responses in Brassica juncea", PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY, ACADEMIC PRESS LTD, GB, vol. 68, no. 4-6, 1 April 2006 (2006-04-01), pages 128 - 137, XP024930269, ISSN: 0885-5765, [retrieved on 20060401], DOI: 10.1016/J.PMPP.2006.09.003 * |
| MOU ET AL.: "Inducers of Plant Systemic Acquired Résistance Regulate NPR1 Function through Redox Changes", CELL, vol. 113, 27 June 2003 (2003-06-27), pages 935 - 944, XP055725068 |
| YUE WU ET AL: "The Arabidopsis NPR1 Protein Is a Receptor for the Plant Defense Hormone Salicylic Acid", CELL REPORTS, vol. 1, no. 6, 1 June 2012 (2012-06-01), US, pages 639 - 647, XP055725117, ISSN: 2211-1247, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.05.008 * |
| ZHONGLIN MOU ET AL: "Inducers of Plant Systemic Acquired Resistance Regulate NPR1 Function through Redox Changes gene expression through interaction with transcription", CELL, 27 June 2003 (2003-06-27), pages 935 - 944, XP055725068, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009286740300429X/pdfft?md5=32f429e705d8d080a286d9ed7581a0ce&pid=1-s2.0-S009286740300429X-main.pdf> * |
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| FR3105223A1 (fr) | 2021-06-25 |
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