WO2021107796A1

WO2021107796A1 - Compound feed, feed supplement, bioutilization method of the agri-food industry by-products, method of breeding/rearing insects of the order diptera and their applications

Info

Publication number: WO2021107796A1
Application number: PCT/PL2020/050090
Authority: WO
Inventors: Krzysztof Dudek; Damian JÓZEFIAK
Original assignee: Hipromine SA
Current assignee: Hipromine SA
Priority date: 2019-11-27
Filing date: 2020-11-27
Publication date: 2021-06-03
Anticipated expiration: 2022-05-27
Also published as: PL431954A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of bioutilization of the agri-food industry by-products, a method of breeding/rearing insects from the order Diptera, in particular the Black Soldier Fly species (Hermetia illucens), and a compound feed and a feed supplement for breeding/rearing said insects and the use of said compound feed and/or a feed supplement for the bioutilization of the agri-food industry by-products.

Description

Compound feed, feed supplement, bioutilization method of the agri-food industry by-products, method of breeding/rearing insects of the order Diptera and their applications

FIELD OF THE ART

The invention relates to a compound feed enabling the bioutilization of the agri-food industry by products, a feed supplement containing a compound feed, a method of bioutilization of the agri-food industry by-products, a method of breeding/rearing insects of the order Diptera and the use of said compound feed and/or feed supplement for the bioutilization of the agri-food industry by-products.

STATE OF THE ART

Insects are more and more often perceived as farm animals, constituting a valuable alternative as a protein source for fodder and nutritional purposes. For several years, the possibility of using proteins of insect origin, including in livestock nutrition, has been indicated, although the scarcity of information regarding the reproducible and efficient production of such proteins, the appropriate insect species and their development stages is still considered problematic. (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2012 Assessing the potential of insects as food and feed in assuring food security. Summary report. Technical consultation meeting 23-25 January, FAO, Rome, Italy).

A theoretical analysis of the potential utility of various commercially available insects for feed production has also been published (Sanchez-Muros, M.-J., Barroso, F.G., Manzano-Agugliaro (2014) Insect meal as renewable source of food for animal feeding: a review. Journal of Cleaner Production 65:16-27). However, there is still no sufficient data in the state of the art regarding i.a. methods of efficient breeding of insects useful for such applications.

Breeding insects on a mass scale, in industrial conditions, in addition to developing technical and technological solutions for conducting the breeding, requires the development of balanced compound feeds and complementary compound feeds, ensuring the maximization of insect breeding efficiency, acceleration of their growth and development. In mass breeding, it is also important to standardize the feeds, which allows for partial or complete automation of the feeding process.

Currently, there are no specialized compound feeds or complementary compound feeds dedicated to insect breeding/rearing on the market. In amateur and semi-industrial insect production, feeds with an unbalanced/non-optimized composition are used, including ready-made premixes for feeding poultry (laying hens, broilers), domestic pigs, domestic animals (dogs, cats). These feeds, intended for vertebrate animals, are not balanced in terms of the specific nutritional needs of insects of the order Diptera, due to the high content of fat and mineral and vitamin supplements inadequate for the breeding of insects. What is more, they contain ingredients that can slow down growth and increase the FCR (feed conversion ratio) value (e.g. alfalfa silage, rye bran). The available scientific literature lacks reports of insect nutrition standards that are widely available to most farm, amateur and companion animals. The current state of knowledge is mainly related to the lack of research work on the optimization of insect nutrition. As part of the preliminary studies, tests were carried out on the feeding of Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens, family: Stratiomyidae, order: Diptera) with dry mixtures intended for broilers and domestic pigs. Apart from cereal and plant ingredients (soybean, sunflower, rape, maize middlings, wheat bran, rye bran, vegetable oils, alfalfa silage, maize silage, dried fruit, dried vegetables), these feeds have a high proportion of minerals, up to between ten and twenty % DM (chalk and trace elements) adversely affecting insects. The feeds for poultry and farm animals available on the market are delivered in a dry form, in the form of hard granules - in the case of insect breeding, this forces the feed to be mechanically ground before feeding, and to be supplemented with a water source, which significantly increases the costs of preparing and administration of a complete feed. The compound feeds available on the market are based on GMO plant ingredients (e.g. soy, maize, rape). The purpose of introducing genetic changes in GMO varieties is to make plants resistant to pests, including insect pests. Plant material contains substances, either produced by plants (e.g. Bt toxin) or trace amounts of chemicals (e.g. glyphosate herbicide), harmless to vertebrates and humans, but by definition toxic to invertebrates, including insects (Bt toxin).

The use of the above compound feeds resulted in high insect mortality or low BWG (Body Weight Gain) increments. The use of these feeds in insect breeding, due to their composition optimized for vertebrate animals, is economically ineffective.

Taking into account the above factors, there is a need to create a complete and/or complementary compound feed with a composition limited to the necessary (and sufficient) ingredients for the breeding of insects, with the use of non-GMO material, especially for breeding/rearing insects of the order Diptera, such as, for example, Hermetia illucens.

Today, by-products of the agricultural and processing industries, such as chicken manure, mushroom growing media, pomace from fruit and vegetable juice production and potato peelings, are used as low-value feedstock in biogas plants, are composted or used directly as fertilizers. Such solutions are associated with considerable environmental costs (groundwater contamination, soil acidification, greenhouse gas emissions), and are often burdensome from the point of view of the inhabitants of agricultural areas (odors). Therefore, there is a constant need for new methods of utilization of waste from agricultural production^nd cultivation or agricultural industry waste.

In the natural environment, many insect species act as reducers involved in the circulation of matter in nature. Organic matter is decomposed by insects or their larvae and then it is assimilated. Insects absorb nutrients from organic matter in an extremely efficient way, which makes it possible to use them in the process of utilization of biomass, which is a by-product of the agri-food industry.

The publication Zhu, FX “Yao, YL, Wang, SJ, Du, RG, Wang, WP” Chen, XY "Hong, CL, Qi, B, Xue, ZY, Yang, HQ, 2015 Housefly maggot-treated composting as sustainable option for pig manure management. Waste Management 35: 62-67 describes the use of housefly larvae in composting pig slurry, making it possible to discontinue the use of filler additives.

The international PCT application WO2014046529A2 describes a method of mass-breeding crickets in order to produce a high-quality, protein-rich animal food supplement. Insects are fed with alfalfa. The harvested crickets are then boiled, dried and crushed to obtain high-protein ingredients, which are then used in preparations for feeding farm animals (fish, poultry, rabbits, etc.). A method of producing high-protein insect meal is known from US patent application US2008075818A1 . The method includes in particular insects of the order Blattodea, Orthoptera, Diptera or Lepidoptera. They can also belong to species such as moths, butterflies, flies, beetles and crickets. Insects are fed with a food source which can be plant, cereal, plant or animal ingredients, as well as fish and animal waste. After reaching the desired life stage, the insects are harvested and then processed into dried protein flour. The innovative research carried out by the Inventors unexpectedly showed that agricultural and food waste such as mushroom growing media, mushroom waste and potato pulp, potato starch (a by product of potato processing), fruit and vegetable pomace (a by-product of processing, juice production) and/or fermentation biomass from biogas plants can be efficiently and quickly disposed of, under strictly controlled and environmentally safe conditions by insects, while at the same time creating added value in the form of high-quality insect protein.

Under controlled conditions, it is possible to efficiently convert the biomass to high-quality protein. At the same time, the process is not associated with high greenhouse gas emissions (composting or fermentation). With the use of appropriate infrastructure, it can be conducted on an ongoing basis in situ.

Therefore, the Inventors of the subject invention found that it is possible to use various types of the agri-food industry by-products in the process of rearing insects, e.g. potato processing products, fruit, vegetable and/or fruit and vegetable pulps etc., which may be a valuable feed material in insect nutrition. An additional advantage of the solution according to the invention is the fact that, at the same time, feeding the above-mentioned components leads to their bioutilization, consisting in the conversion of low-value components into high-quality protein and insect fat. Improving the use of waste products by feeding them to insects reduces their occurrence in the environment, reduces the emission of biogenic elements and enables the expansion of known methods of trading of secondary raw materials.

The innovative research carried out by the Inventors made it possible to develop innovative, balanced, highly efficient compound feeds dedicated to the breeding of insects from the family Stratiomyidae (order: Diptera), based on the use of economical raw materials of plant origin, including agri-food industry by-products. Additional benefits of the use of this solution include the bioutilization of various types of the agri-food industry by-products, production and farming waste and/or industrial waste, as well as the use of low-value feed materials.

Summary of the invention

The subject of the invention is a compound feed for breeding/rearing insects of the order: Diptera, in particular of the species Hermetia illucens, which enables the bioutilization of agri-food industry by products by feeding them to insects of the order: Diptera, in particular the Hermetia illucens fly, wherein the compound feed comprises up to three types of components:

A - cereal components 0-100% by mass and/or

B - vegetable components 0-100% by mass, preferably chosen from silage and/or middlings and C - supplementary components 0.01 -100% by mass, which are by-products of the agri-food industry, wherein the constituent materials thereof are fragmented and include a fraction of 0.001 to 20 mm in particle diameter; more preferably fractions from 0.01 to 10 mm in particle diameter; wherein the compound feed does not contain sawdust, DDGS, chicken manure, alfalfa silage, material derived from GMO plants, additional mineral and/or vitamin supplements.

Within the meaning of the present invention, the agri-food industry by-products include by-products of agri-food processing, agricultural production and cultivation waste, low-value feed materials and/or industrial waste such as fermentation biomass from biogas plants, food industry waste, fruit and vegetable processing waste. Preferably, the agri-food industry by-products are only products of plant origin. In a preferred embodiment, the agri-food industry by-products are selected from the group consisting of: fodder vegetables (such as potatoes, fodder beets), potato pulp, fruit, vegetable or fruit and vegetable pulp, potato starch, mushroom waste and/or fermentation biomass from biogas plants. Within the meaning of the present invention, a cereal component is grains of cereals such as wheat, oats, barley, flour obtained from the milling of the grains of these cereals, bran and milling by products.

For the purposes of the present invention, a vegetable component is a fodder silage obtained from maize, grass, fresh plant biomass from maize or grass, or middlings or maize, sunflower or rape seeds extraction middlings.

Preferably, the compound feed according to the invention comprises at least about 25% by mass of B - maize silage.

In an embodiment of the invention, C - the agri-food industry by-products are selected from the group consisting of: fodder vegetables (such as potatoes, fodder beets), potato pulp, fruit, vegetable or fruit and vegetable pulp, potato starch, mushroom waste and/or fermentation biomass from biogas plants.

In a preferred embodiment, the compound feed according to the invention comprises A - cereal components, preferably wheat bran, and B - maize silage and/or C - fruit and fruit and vegetable pulps.

The Inventors found that a preferred compound feed for breeding flies comprises (in % by mass):

A - a cereal component 0-100%

B - a vegetable component (silage, middlings) - 0-100%

C - a supplementary component (agri-food industry by-products, production and agricultural waste, industrial waste) - 0.01 -100%.

The use of feed materials with a dry matter content in the range of 30-80% by mass allows for the rearing and breeding of insects without the need to use additional sources of drinking water, i.e. endogenous water contained in the raw materials is sufficient. The share of bran in compound feeds in the participation of 0-50% by mass improves the results of rearing insects. A particularly advantageous compound feed contains as much maize silage as possible. However, it should be noted that many feed materials including wheatmix (a by-product of isoglucose production in wheat processing), maize silage (whole plants), raw potatoes, potato pulps (by-products of the potato industry); fruit and fruit and vegetable pulps, from fruits and vegetables (by-products of the food industry, i.e. wet raw pomace obtained from carrots, beets, apples, currants, pears); biogas plant waste, i.e. raw wet biomass from biogas plants after methane production in industrial conditions; raw fodder beets; wheat bran can be used in the production of feeds and complementary compound feeds in the rearing and breeding of insects of the order Diptera, in particular of the fly of the species Hermetia illucens. The Inventors have found that it is possible to use the breeding/rearing of insects for the bioutilization of various waste and/or by-products of the agri-food industry, while maintaining a beneficial growth and development of insects, and the compound feeds composed in this manner do not require the use of additional ingredients, for example mineral supplements.

The results obtained by the Inventors indicate the possibility of bioutilization of various types of the agri-food industry by-products, including: wheatmix (a by-product from isoglucose production in wheat processing), raw potatoes, potato pulps (by-products of the potato industry); fruit and fruit and vegetable pulps from fruits and vegetables (by-products of the food industry, i.e. wet raw pomace obtained from carrots, beets, apples, currants, pears); biogas plant waste; mushroom waste in order to obtain high-value meals from insects. Preferably C - agri-food industry by-products are fruit pulps and fruit and vegetable pulps.

Preferably, the compound feed according to the invention contains materials with a dry matter content in the range of about 30-80% by mass.

The compound feed according to the invention comprises fragmented materials including a fraction of 0.001 to 20 mm in particle diameter, more preferably fractions of 0.01 to 10 mm in particle diameter, so as to allow an adequate bioavailability to insects.

The subject of the invention is also a feed supplement for breeding/rearing insects of the order: Diptera, in particular of the fly of the species Hermetia illucens, which enables the bioutilization of agri food industry by-products by feeding them to insects of the order: Diptera, in particular the Hermetia illucens fly, as a complementary feed additive, wherein the feed supplement comprises up to three types of components:

A - cereal components 0-100% by mass and/or

B - vegetable components 0-100% by mass, preferably silage and/or middlings and

C - supplementary components 0.01 -100% by mass, which are by-products of the agri-food industry, wherein the constituent materials thereof are fragmented and include a fraction of 0.001 to 20 mm in particle diameter; more preferably fractions from 0.01 to 10 mm in particle diameter; wherein the feed supplement does not contain sawdust, DDGS, chicken manure, alfalfa silage, material derived from GMO plants, additional mineral and/or vitamin supplements, wherein the feed supplement constitutes at least 15% by mass of the compound feed fed to insects.

"Feed supplement" or "complementary compound feed" or "feed additive" in the understanding of the invention means an insect feed additive which is used to supplement a compound feed fed to insects.

The feed supplement according to the invention constitutes at least 15% by mass of the compound feed fed to insects.

Preferably, the feed supplement according to the invention comprises at least approximately 25% by mass B - maize silage.

In a preferred embodiment, the feed supplement according to the invention comprises A - cereal components, preferably wheat bran, and B - maize silage and/or C - fruit and fruit and vegetable pulps.

Preferably, the feed supplement according to the invention contains materials with a dry matter content in the range of about 30-80% by mass.

The subject of the invention is also a method of bioutilization of the agri-food industry by-products, in which the mentioned agri-food industry by-products are fed to insects of the order: Diptera, in particular the fly of the species Hermetia illucens, as an additive to a compound feed as defined in the first subject of the invention, containing cereal components and/or plant components, preferably maize silage or as an additive to a feed supplement as defined in the second subject of the invention, containing cereal components and/or plant components, preferably maize silage.

Preferably, in a process of bioutilization of the agri-food industry by-products according to the invention, the agri-food industry by-products are selected from the group consisting of: fodder vegetables (such as potatoes, fodder beets), potato pulp, fruit, vegetable or fruit and vegetable pulp, potato starch, mushroom waste and/or fermentation biomass from biogas plants.

Preferably, in an embodiment of the bioutilization process according to the invention, the compound feed or feed supplement comprises A - cereal components, preferably wheat bran, and B - maize silage and/or C - fruit and fruit and vegetable pulps.

Preferably, in an embodiment of the bioutilization process according to the invention, the feed mixture is used in a proportion of at least approximately 15% by mass in a complete feed and/or complementary compound feed for insect breeding and/or rearing.

In an embodiment of the bioutilization process according to the invention, the insects fed with the compound feed or the feed supplement are bred at a temperature ranging from approximately 24°C to approximately 30°C.

A subject of the invention is also a method of breeding/rearing insects of the order Diptera, in particular of the fly of the species Hermetia illucens, characterized in that the insects of the order Diptera, in particular of the species Hermetia illucens, are bred on a compound feed as defined in the first subject of the invention or are given the feed supplement as defined in the second subject of the invention, in an amount of aj_gleast 15% by mass of the compound feed.

Preferably, the insects are bred at a temperature ranging from approximately 24°C to approximately 32°C.

In an embodiment of the insect breeding/rearing method according to the invention, the compound feed or feed supplement is administered in a loose, semi-liquid or liquid form.

In an embodiment, the compound feed or feed supplement is administered 1 -7 times a week in ad libitum amounts.

Preferably, the compound feed or the feed supplement contains materials with a dry matter content in the range of about 30-80% by mass, and insects are not given additional sources of drinking water.

A subject of the invention is also a use of a compound feed as defined in the first subject of the invention, and/or a supplement as defined in the second subject of the invention, for breeding/rearing insects of the order Diptera, in particular the fly of the species Hermetia illucens for bioutilization of agri-food industry by-products. In an embodiment, the agri-food industry by-products are selected from the group consisting of: fodder vegetables (such as potatoes, fodder beets), potato pulp, fruit, vegetable or fruit and vegetable pulp, potato starch, mushroom waste and/or fermentation biomass from biogas plants.

The invention therefore uses the process of decomposing organic matter by insects for the purpose of optimal bioutilization of the agri-food industry by-products. The Inventors have developed a series of compound feeds preferable for the development of insects of the order Diptera, in particular for the fly of the species Hermetia illucens, which at the same time allow for the use of the agri-food industry by products. The compound feeds according to the invention may be used for the breeding/rearing of insects for any purposes, including preferably obtaining high-quality insect proteins and fats, including for the purpose of human and animal nutrition. The Inventors showed that the use of the above- mentioned feed materials and the agri-food industry by-products in the proportion of at least 15% by mass in a complete feed, as well as in a complementary compound feed allows for the rearing of flies while maintaining a feed conversion ratio of at most 10 kg of feed/kg of body weight gain.

The use of the above-mentioned feed materials and the agri-food industry by-products in the proportion of at least 15% in a complete feed as well as in a complementary compound feed/feed supplement allows for obtaining in the low-temperature drying process (40-65°C) full-fat meals with a content of at least 50% of total protein and at least 4% of crude fat and 3% of crude ash;

The use of the above-mentioned feed materials and the agri-food industry by-products in a complete feed as well as in a complementary compound feed/feed supplement allows for obtaining in the low- temperature drying process (40-65°C) full-fat meals with a content of at least 50% of total protein and at least 4% of crude fat;

The use of the above-mentioned feed materials and the agri-food industry by-products in a complete feed as well as in a complementary compound feed/feed supplement allows for obtaining in the drying process and cold pressing of the meals with a content of at least 50% of total protein and at least 4% of crude fat;

The use of the above-mentioned feed materials and agri-food industry by-products in a complete feed as well as in a complementary compound feed/ feed supplement allows for obtaining in the supercritical extraction process meals containing at least 70% of total protein and at most 5% of crude fat.

The invention will now be described by way of specific embodiments which, however, do not limit its scope.

Examples

Materials and methods

The aim of the experiments was to determine the suitability of selected feed materials, such as waste, in the rearing of model insects.

A growth experiment was performed on model animals, i.e. Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens, family: Stratiomyidae, row: Diptera) (Example 2). The insects used in the experiments came from an own farming.

The feed components had been selected during previous experiments. The materials did not undergo thermal treatment. The preparation of the feed consisted of mechanical mixing of the components and grinding them mechanically with a knife homogenizer in order to obtain a fraction of 0.001 to 20 mm, more preferably a fraction of 0.01 to 10 mm of particle diameter. Fractions with a particle diameter of 0.01 to 10 mm have a particularly favorable effect on feed use by insects.

After preparing the feeds, they were divided into hermetic bags and stored at -20°C. The entirety of the feeds was fed in a loose, semi-liquid or liquid form, the feeds were administered 1 -7 times a week in ad libitum amounts. All the used components were subjected to chemical analyzes in order to determine the nutritional value (Example 1 , Table 1).

Example 1

Analysis of the ingredients of feed materials

The used components were chemically analyzed in accordance with the procedures specified in the AOAC, 2000 Official Methods of Analysis (17th edition of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA) in order to determine the nutritional value. The results of the analyzes are presented below (Table 1 ).

Table 1. The analyzed chemical composition of the components used in experimental feeds.

Example 2

Growth experiment on the use of various feed components in fly rearing.

The analysis of the influence of various feed mixtures was performed for the species Hermetia illucens.

The compound feeds were prepared as described above. The insects were kept in 60 I containers with a ventilated lid. The compound feed was fed to the bottom of the container.

The insects were divided into 9 groups, in 10 replicates of 2900 L1 larval stage insects. The experiment was carried out at the temperature of 28°C and the relative air humidity at the level of 50- 70%. Measurements were made during and at the end of the experiment, determining the total mass of insects, mass of faeces. The composition of compound feeds for individual groups is presented in Table 1 .

The obtained values of the growth parameters of insects from individual groups, subjected to statistical processing in accordance with the standards of SAS Institute, 1994. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA are shown in Table 2. The tables show the mean values of the groups. BWG - Body Weight Gain; FI - Feed Intake FCR - Food Conversion Ratio.

Table 2. Results of growing experiments on Hermetia illucens using various feeds based on waste and by-products of fruit and vegetable processing.

Summary of Examples

In the growing experiments with flies (Example 2), significant differences were found in the feed usage and the increments of the above-mentioned insects. Research shows that some waste components cannot be used even as a part of the feed for fly larvae. The use of feed materials with a dry matter content in the range of 30-80% by mass allows for the rearing and breeding of insects without the need to use additional sources of drinking water, i.e. endogenous water contained in the raw materials is sufficient. It should be noted that many feed materials including wheatmix (a by-product of isoglucose production in wheat processing), maize silage (whole plants), raw potatoes, potato pulps (by-products of the potato industry); fruit and fruit and vegetable pulps, from fruits and vegetables (by products of the food industry, i.e. wet raw pomace obtained from carrots, beets, apples, currants, pears); biogas plant waste, i.e. raw wet biomass from biogas plants after methane production in industrial conditions; raw fodder beets; wheat bran can be used in the production of feeds and complementary compound feeds in the rearing and breeding of insects of the family Stratiomyidae (order: Diptera).

The results obtained in growth experiments indicate the possibility of bioutilization of various types of the agri-food industry by-products, including: wheatmix (a by-product from isoglucose production in wheat processing), raw potatoes, potato pulps (by-products of the potato industry); fruit and fruit and vegetable pulps from fruits and vegetables (by-products of the food industry, i.e. wet raw pomace obtained from carrots, beets, apples, currants, pears); biogas plant waste; mushroom waste in order to obtain high-value meals from insects, especially from fly larvae.

Claims

1 . A compound feed for breeding/rearing insects of the order Diptera, in particular of the fly of the species Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens), characterized in that it enables the bioutilization of agri food industry by-products by feeding them to insects of the order Diptera, in particular to the fly of the species Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens), wherein the compound feed comprises up to three types of components:

A - cereal components 0-100% by mass and/or

B - vegetable components 0-100% by mass, preferably silage and/or middlings and

C - supplementary components 0.01 -100% by mass, which are by-products of the agri-food industry, wherein the constituent materials thereof are fragmented and include a fraction of 0.001 to 20 mm in particle diameter; more preferably fractions from 0.01 to 10 mm in particle diameter; wherein the compound feed does not contain sawdust, DDGS, chicken manure, alfalfa silage, material derived from GMO plants, additional mineral and/or vitamin supplements.

2. The compound feed according claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises at least about 25% by mass of B - maize silage.

3. The compound feed according to any of the claims 1 or 2, characterized in that C - the agri-food industry by-products are selected from the group consisting of: fodder vegetables (such as potatoes, fodder beets), potato pulp, fruit, vegetable or fruit and vegetable pulp, potato starch, mushroom waste and/or fermentation biomass from biogas plants.

4. The compound feed according to any of the claims 1 -3, characterized in that it comprises A - cereal components, preferably wheat bran and B - maize silage and/or C - fruit and/or fruit and vegetable pulps.

5. The compound feed according to any of the claims 1 -4, characterized in that it contains materials with a dry matter content in the range of about 30-80% by mass.

6. A feed supplement for breeding/rearing insects of the order Diptera, in particular of the fly of the species Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens), characterized in that it enables the bioutilization of agri- food industry by-products by feeding them to insects of the order Diptera, in particular to the fly of the species Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens), as a complementary feed additive, wherein the feed supplement comprises up to three types of components:

A - cereal components 0-100% by mass and/or

B - vegetable components 0-100% by mass, preferably silage and/or middlings and

C - supplementary components 0.01 -100% by mass, which are by-products of the agri-food industry, wherein the constituent materials thereof are fragmented and include a fraction of 0.001 to 20 mm in particle diameter; more preferably from 0.01 to 10 mm in particle diameter; wherein the feed supplement does not contain sawdust, DDGS, chicken manure, alfalfa silage, material derived from GMO plants, additional mineral and/or vitamin supplements, wherein the feed supplement constitutes at least 15% by mass of the compound feed fed to insects.

7. The feed supplement according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises at least approximately 25% by mass B - maize silage.

8. The feed supplement according to any of the claims 6 or 7, characterized in that C - the agri-food industry by-products are selected from the group consisting of: fodder vegetables (such as potatoes, fodder beets), potato pulp, fruit, vegetable or fruit and vegetable pulp, potato starch, mushroom waste and/or fermentation biomass from biogas plants.

9. The feed supplement according to any of the claims 6-8, characterized in that it comprises A - cereal components, preferably wheat bran and B - maize silage and/or C - fruit and/or fruit and vegetable pulps.

10. The feed supplement according to any of the claims 6-9, characterized in that it contains materials with a dry matter content in the range of about 30-80% by mass.

11. A method of bioutilization of the agri-food industry by-products, characterized in that the mentioned agri-food industry by-products are fed to insects of the order: Diptera, in particular the Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens), as an additive to the compound feed, containing cereal components and/or plant components, preferably maize silage, defined in any of the claims 1 -5, or as an additive to the feed supplement containing cereal components and/or plant components, preferably maize silage, defined in any of the claims 6-10.

12. A method of bioutilization of the agri-food industry by-products, characterized in that the mentioned agri-food industry by-products are fed to insects of the order: Diptera, in particular the fly of the species Hermetia illucens, as an additive to the compound feed as defined in claim 1 , containing cereal components and/or plant components, preferably maize silage or as an additive to the feed supplement as defined in claim 6, containing cereal components and/or plant components, preferably maize silage.

13. The method for bioutilization of the agri-food industry by-products according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the compound feed or feed supplement comprises A - cereal components, preferably wheat bran and B - maize silage and/or C - fruit and fruit and vegetable pulps.

14. The method for the bioutilization of the agri-food industry by-products according to any of claims 11 - 13, characterized in that the compound feed is used as a complete feed and/or a feed supplement used in the proportion of at least approximately 15% by mass in a complete feed and/or complementary compound feed for insect rearing and/or breeding.

15. The method for the bioutilization of by-products of the agri-food industry by-products according to any of the claims 11 -14, characterized in that the insects fed with the compound feed or the feed supplement are bred at a temperature ranging from approximately 24°C to approximately 32°C.

16. A method of breeding/rearing insects of the order Diptera, in particular of the species Hermetia illucens, characterized in that the insects of the order Diptera, in particular of the species Hermetia illucens are bred on the compound feed as defined in claim 1 or are given the feed supplement as defined in claim 6, in an amount of at least 15% by mass of the compound feed.

17. The method of breeding/rearing insects according to claim 16, characterized in that the insects are bred at a temperature ranging from approximately 24°C to approximately 32°C.

18. The method of breeding/rearing insects according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the compound feed or feed supplement is administered in a semi-liquid form.

19. The method of breeding/rearing insects according to any of the claims 16-18, characterized in that the compound feed or feed supplement is administered 1 -7 times a week in ad libitum amounts.

20. The method of breeding/rearing insects according to any of the claims 16-19, characterized in that the compound feed or the feed supplement contains materials with a dry matter content in the range of about 30-80% by mass, and insects are not given additional sources of drinking water.

21 . A use of the compound feed as defined in claim 1 , and/or a supplement as defined in claim 6, for breeding/rearing insects of the order Diptera, in particular of the fly of the species Hermetia illucens tor bioutilization of the agri-food industry by-products.

22. The use according to claim 21 , characterized in that the agri-food industry by-products are selected from the group consisting of: fodder vegetables (such as potatoes, fodder beets), potato pulp, fruit, vegetable or fruit and vegetable pulp, potato starch, mushroom waste and/or fermentation biomass from biogas plants.