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WO2021102377A1 - Système de distribution d'énergie à dissipation d'énergie limitée dans des charges non prévues - Google Patents

Système de distribution d'énergie à dissipation d'énergie limitée dans des charges non prévues Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021102377A1
WO2021102377A1 PCT/US2020/061678 US2020061678W WO2021102377A1 WO 2021102377 A1 WO2021102377 A1 WO 2021102377A1 US 2020061678 W US2020061678 W US 2020061678W WO 2021102377 A1 WO2021102377 A1 WO 2021102377A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
distribution system
power distribution
power
fault
conductor path
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2020/061678
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English (en)
Inventor
Harold HOAGLAND
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of WO2021102377A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021102377A1/fr
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to safety devices that monitor electrical power distribution systems and limit electrical power being delivered to unintended electrical loads, otherwise known as electrical faults.
  • the unintended loads can be any electrically conductive material that was not intended to receive electrical energy from the power supply including individuals in contact with the power distribution conductors.
  • a circuit breaker is used to limit the amount of electrical current in any conductor path [ 7 ]that it is intended to protect.
  • the electrical current limit is based on the requirements of the intended load [8] of the power circuit. Electrical current up to the current limit of the CB can be dissipated into any faults and unintended load [9]. Faults can not be distinguished from an intended load [8] .
  • a ground fault interrupter is used to limit the amount of electrical current that can leave a conductor path [7].
  • GFI ground fault interrupter
  • a GFI is used to protect individuals from forming a connection from the conductor path [7], through their body, and into a return path outside of the conductor path [7]. GFIs will not detect a series fault [ 11 ] or a parallel fault [12].
  • An arc fault interrupter (AFI) is used to detect arcing conditions in any fault type of an unintended load [9].
  • AFIs utilize voltage and or current characteristics of arcing events to detect such event had occurred. Only arc events that produce voltage or current characteristics that are built into the AFI device can be detected. Non-arcing events will not be detected by AFI devices.
  • U.S. Patent 8,781,637 Digital electricity using packet energy transfer (DE/PET) as described by U.S Patent 8,781,637 is an electrical distribution system that can detect all fault types created by the presence of an unintended load [9].
  • U.S. Patent 8,781,637 describes a system that relies on switching the connection from the power supply to the load on and off. During the off time, safety checks based on voltage decay rate of the unconnected conductor are made. The measurement of the voltage decay rate takes advantage of the inherent capacitance of the conductor and any additional capaci- tance added by the power supply design. The voltage decay rate can be impacted by cables with inherent capacitance outside of that which is expected.
  • the off periods of the power supply impact the average power that can be delivered into a load based on the percentage of time the system spends in the off state. This on/off switching can also produce the undesirable effect of radiating noise based on the frequency of the on/off switching. Additionally active components are needed at the load side of the power distribution system to convert back to standard AC or DC power if required by the intended load [8].
  • a power distribution system capable of detecting any fault condition created by an unintended load [ 9 ] while the power supply [ 6 ] continuously supplies power to the intended load [8].
  • Power dissipated into an unintended load [ 9 ] should be limited to a level that is safe from fire and electrical shock. This should not require active components near the load. Once a fault is detected a means to disconnect the power supply [6] from an intended load [8] is required.
  • Fault detection should not depend on or require specific electrical characteristic values of a particular conductor path [ 7 ] design. For example differing values of characteristic complex impedance of the conductor path [ 7 ] should not affect fault detection.
  • FIG. 4 depicts a power distribution equivalent drawing. This equivalent drawing will look familiar to those with a rudimentary understanding of electrical circuit diagrams.
  • FIG. 4 includes idealized depictions of the impedance for each half of the conductor path [7], the impedance for the intended load [ 8 ] and both filters, [ 1 ] [2].
  • Filters [ 1 ] [2] are optional and depend on the type of fault detection signals [ 14] being injected into a conductor path [7].
  • the filters [1] [2 ] can also be used to isolate the intended load [ 8 ] and power supply [ 6 ] from the fault detection signals [ 14 ] circuitry.
  • Filter f1 [ 1 ] can be designed to appear as an open circuit to the fault detection signals [ 14] circuitry.
  • Filter f2 [2] can have a non zero impedance ZF1.
  • the equivalent impedance seen by the fault detection signals [ 14 ] circuitry can be describe by the following:
  • Z is the impedance of the conductor path [7]
  • ZF2 is the impedance of the filter isolating the fault detection signals [14] from the intended load [8] and ⁇ FT represents the impedance of a series fault [11].
  • Other fault types can be represented in similar manner. Based on this equation it is clear that any fault changes the total impedance seen by the fault controller. Therefore, detecting changes in impedance of a circuit path, while ignoring impedance changes of an intended load, will allow detection of faults.
  • Fault detection does not require disconnection of the power supply [ 6 ] from the conductor path [ 7 ] nor rely on predetermined impedance values of the conductor path [ 7 ] design.
  • the time between successive fault detection intervals can be adjusted to limit the amount of energy or power that can dissipate into an unintended load [9] as required by intended usage of the power distribution system.
  • the conductor path [ 7 ] is isolated from the power supply [6] to stop electricity flow into the loads [9] [8] .
  • Fault detection is continued and once the fault condition clears the conductor path [7] is connected to the power supply [ 6 ] and electricity flows to the intended load [8].
  • This power distribution system provides fault detection for any unintended load [9], provides a larger power delivery to an intended load [8] for a given power supply [ 6 ] voltage than systems requiring disconnection of the conductor path [ 7 ] for fault detection, and will contribute less on/off switching noise. Additionally active components near the intended load [ 8 ] can be avoided.
  • a fault controller [5] provides fault detection signals [14] that are injected onto a conductor path [7]. These fault detection signals [14] are designed to not be impacted by power supply voltages and intended load [8] impedances.
  • the fault detection signals [ 14 ] may be isolated from both the intended load [ 8 ] and power supply [6] by filters [ 1 ] [2].
  • the fault controller [ 5 ] monitors electrical effects of any unintended load [9] on the fault detection signals [14] as they traverse the isolated circuit path provided by the filters [1 ] [2] as shown in FIG. 5. As fault conditions occurs, depicted in FIG.
  • the changes to the fault detection signals [ 14] are noticed by the fault controller [5].
  • the fault controller [5] activates switches [3] [4], from FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, into an unconductive state isolating the source of electricity [6] from the rest of the circuit including the faults [9]. Since the fault detection signals [14] contain little energy and are at safe levels for fire or shock prevention the fault controller [ 5 ] continues to inject fault detection signals [ 14 ] and monitor the deviations for the expected returned signal. Once the fault detection signals [14] return to expected values indicating there are no faults [9] the fault controller [5] activates switches [3] [4] into a conductive state returning electricity to the intended load [8].
  • the invention accordingly comprises the several steps and the relation of one or more of such steps with respect to each of the others, and the apparatus embodying features of construction, combinations of elements and arrangement of parts that are adapted to affect such steps, all is exemplified in the following detailed disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 Diagram of the disclosed Power Distribution System
  • FIG. 2 Example of a simple power distribution system
  • FIG. 3 Diagram of a power distribution system indicating locations of potential faults
  • FIG. 4 Diagram depicting a power distribution system with impedance locations identified
  • FIG. 5 Diagram of fault detection circuitry isolated from other system components
  • FIG. 6 Diagram of fault controller details
  • FIG. 7 SSTDR fault detection
  • FIG. 8 Signal Creation and Monitoring logic flow
  • FIG. 9 Fault Detection Processor Logic flow. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is comprised of a power supply [6], fault controller [5] and associated circuitry, disconnect switches [3] [4], and optional filters [1] [2].
  • the output of this device provides electrical power to an intended load [ 8 ] which can be any electrical device requiring electrical power.
  • the filters are not necessarily discrete filters but could be the inherent characteristics of the design of the power supply [6] or intended load [8] but are shown and discussed here to make it clear that the isolating function they can provide to the fault detection signals [14] and the fault controller [5] system is valuable for some types of fault detection signals [14].
  • the current embodiment does not necessarily require these filters [ 1 ] [2] as will be detailed further in the description of the embodiment.
  • the fault controller [5] system is detailed in FIG. 6. It is comprised of a processor [16], memory [19] for data storage, switch activator [20] to control switches [ 3 ] [4] from FIG. 1, a means of communicating to external devices [15], and signal logic [17] to create and monitor fault detection signals.
  • the fault detection signals are coupled to the power conductor circuits through a signal isolator [18]. This type of isolator is common in the industry and provides a means to inject non power signals onto power conductors, similar to isolators used in power over ethernet devices.
  • Switches [3] [4] from FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 are designed so that when there is no power applied to the system they are in an unconductive state. They do not become conductive until a positive indication from the switch activator [20] from FIG. 6 is received.
  • the preferred embodiment utilizes a SSTDR or OMTDR type signal due to its abilities to monitor conductors with active electrical power present and the ability of the SSTDR or OMTDR signal to work below the noise interfering with nearby sensitive electronics. SSTDR or OMTDR type systems do not necessarily require filters [1] [2].
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of SSTDR signals depicting a fault condition based on the error signal being different then the expected returned normal signal. When this condition occurs the signal logic [ 17 ] from FIG. 6 provides notification of the fault for the processor [16] to take action. Operational steps of the signal logic [ 17 ] are provided in FIG. 8.
  • the processor [ 16] identified in FIG. 6 directs communication for the entire fault controller [5] system. Operation steps of the processor [16] are provided in

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention est représentée sur la Figure 1. Un dispositif de commande de panne [5] injecte des signaux de détection de panne [14] sur les conducteurs d'un système de distribution d'énergie. Les signaux de détection de panne [14] sont surveillés par le dispositif de commande de panne [5] lorsqu'ils reviennent d'un circuit de détection de panne isolé afin de détecter des différences dans des caractéristiques électriques attendues provoquées par des pannes [9] représentées sur la Figure 3. Lorsque des pannes sont détectées, le dispositif de commande de panne ouvre des commutateurs [3] [4] pour isoler l'alimentation en énergie [6] du reste du circuit comprenant les pannes et les charges non prévues.
PCT/US2020/061678 2019-11-22 2020-11-20 Système de distribution d'énergie à dissipation d'énergie limitée dans des charges non prévues Ceased WO2021102377A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201962939272P 2019-11-22 2019-11-22
US62/939,272 2019-11-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021102377A1 true WO2021102377A1 (fr) 2021-05-27

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080030199A1 (en) * 2006-08-04 2008-02-07 Daqing Hou Systems and methods for detecting high-impedance faults in a multi-grounded power distribution system
US7459914B2 (en) * 2006-10-31 2008-12-02 Caterpillar Inc. Systems and methods for electrical leakage detection
US20120265586A1 (en) * 2010-09-16 2012-10-18 Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey System and method to measure and control power consumption in a residential or commercial building via a wall socket to ensure optimum energy usage therein

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080030199A1 (en) * 2006-08-04 2008-02-07 Daqing Hou Systems and methods for detecting high-impedance faults in a multi-grounded power distribution system
US7459914B2 (en) * 2006-10-31 2008-12-02 Caterpillar Inc. Systems and methods for electrical leakage detection
US20120265586A1 (en) * 2010-09-16 2012-10-18 Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey System and method to measure and control power consumption in a residential or commercial building via a wall socket to ensure optimum energy usage therein

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