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WO2021188004A1 - Gazéificateur - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2021188004A1
WO2021188004A1 PCT/RU2020/000655 RU2020000655W WO2021188004A1 WO 2021188004 A1 WO2021188004 A1 WO 2021188004A1 RU 2020000655 W RU2020000655 W RU 2020000655W WO 2021188004 A1 WO2021188004 A1 WO 2021188004A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
gasifier
fuel
metals
grate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/RU2020/000655
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Валентин Федорович НАДЕЕВ
Эдуард Валентиновч НАДЕЕВ
Иван Дмитриевич НАДЕЕВ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2021188004A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021188004A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system of public utilities, energy and chemical industries and can be used to destroy solid household and industrial waste containing a hydrocarbon component to produce synthetic hydrocarbon gas, hydrogen and nitrogen, which, in turn, can be used to generate electricity.
  • a solid waste gasifier is known from the prior art [RF patent RU2545199, application J 220141027113/03, 01/29/2014. Solid waste and solid fuel gasifier. IPC F23G 5/027, publ. 03/27/2013 in Bul. N ° 9] with the supply of the gasifying agent through the annular gaps between the rotating sections.
  • the disadvantage of this technical solution is the need to rotate the gasifier section to improve heat transfer and gas permeability between fuel particles, which complicates the design and does not exclude the evaporation of low-melting metals.
  • the technical result of the proposed invention is to increase the productivity of the gasifier through the use of fast dry decomposition of fuel.
  • the gasifier includes a grinder, a batcher, a hopper, a vertically installed thermal furnace with gas burners with directed flares, a sluice feeder and a fuel splitter, a gasifier with a firebox and a conical grate for a fluidized bed of the flame, a fan with a butterfly valve for air supply to the grate, annular slot, gas and ash separation chamber with a sealed ash pan and screw conveyor, heat exchanger for temperature reduction and condensation of vapors of low-boiling metals, intermediate gas chamber for capturing and collecting leaked metals and for supplying gases through a dense butterfly valve to the reactor catalysis, air condenser, centrifugal fan, compressor, vibro-boiling fuel dryer, characterized by the presence of a centrifuge, from which the remains of ash and other chemical elements enter the plasma torch for combustion at high temperatures.
  • a cyclone chamber, melbranic separators providing separation of hydrogen and nitrogen
  • the claimed result is provided by a cyclonic vortex chamber 9 operating on gas burners 8 with a high temperature, at which accelerated decomposition of crushed dried fuel occurs, including high-carbon substances containing chlorine and bromine in the presence of water vapor.
  • a cyclonic vortex chamber 9 operating on gas burners 8 with a high temperature, at which accelerated decomposition of crushed dried fuel occurs, including high-carbon substances containing chlorine and bromine in the presence of water vapor.
  • synthesis gases, flue gases and carbon black are obtained, which makes up 15–20% of the fuel mass (solid waste, wood waste, peat, brown coal).
  • Methane CH 4 and water H 2 O at temperature is converted into carbon monoxide CO and hydrogen 3 xHg, which will significantly increase the yield of synthesis gas.
  • a dispenser 3 calcium carbonate CaCO3 is provided for solid waste and milled peat.
  • MSW, paper contains a lot of chlorine, rubber - sulfur. Chlorine in water vapor forms hydrochloric acid HCl, which, reacting with CaCO3, transforms into CaCl and carbonic acid H 2 CO 3 - it will easily decompose at temperature into water H 2 O and carbon dioxide CO.
  • the temperature should be 1200 -N300 ° C, at which the rapid decomposition of high-molecular chemical elements containing chlorine and bromine and other carcinogenic elements will take place.
  • the gasifier is calculated for the combustion of carbon, and not according to the amount of fuel processed, and therefore the dimensions of the gasifier 12, the fuel splitter 6, the firebox 15, the cone grate for the fluidized bed of the torch 14, the fan 27 are sharply reduced.
  • the gasifier works as follows.
  • the raw material is fed to the vibro-boiling fuel dryer 2 and the hopper 4.
  • CaCOz is fed by the dispenser 3 - evenly over the entire area of the raw material.
  • Burners 8 of the cyclone chamber 9 are ignited, the temperature is slowly brought to 1250 ° C by an automatic temperature sensor.
  • the sluice feeder 5 turns on and supplies fuel.
  • the primary air is supplied by the fan 22 through the throttle valve 7 to the firebox 15 based not on the amount of processed raw materials, but on the amount of carbon black obtained through the grating of the fluidized bed 14 and swirlers 13 to create a temperature in the combustion zone of about 900 ° C.
  • the throttle valve 7 is opened and the fan 22 is turned on, the fluidized bed flame is ignited, while the relief valve must be opened.
  • the throttle valve 7 at the outlet of the gases from the gasifier opens, the compressor 24 is turned on, and the shut-off valves are opened.
  • the fans on the air condenser 26 are turned on.
  • the separated gases are sent to the gas tanks and are used as intended.
  • the ash with all inclusions by the screw conveyor 16 enters the centrifuge 17, where glass and metals are separated, the rest is sent to the plasmatron 20, where complete combustion takes place.
  • the gasifier does not operate, shown in the Figure: for milled peat - centrifuge 17 and plasmatron 20; for wood raw materials - centrifuge 17, plasmatron 20 and dispenser 3.
  • the temperature in the cyclone chamber 9 for milled peat and wood waste is maintained at 700-900 ° C.
  • Gases consisting of methane ⁇ LD; ethylene C 2 H 4 and C n H m , hydrogen H 2 , nitrogen N 2, and water vapor H 2 O at a temperature of 270 - ⁇ 275 ° C due to exothermic reactions from the catalysis reactor 25 are fed to the I stage of the air condenser 26, where they are heated air supplied by a centrifugal fan 27 under the grate of a vibrating-boiling fuel dryer up to a temperature of 150 - 70 ° C.
  • the gases are directed by the compressor 24 to the melbrane separators 23, where hydrogen is separated in the first separator, and nitrogen in the second.
  • the inside of the gasifier is lined with fireclay bricks 28.
  • the final result is not synthesis gas, but synthetic hydrocarbon gas with a high calorific value, as well as hydrogen and nitrogen, which can be used in industrial production.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte au domaine de l'économie collective, de l'industrie électrique et chimique, et peut être utilisée afin de détruire des déchets solides domestiques et industriels contenant une composante hydrocarbure afin de produire un gaz hydrocarbure synthétique, de l'hydrogène et de l'azote. Ce gazéificateur comprend un broyeur, un séchoir vibrant à lit fluidisé, un doseur, une trémie, un four thermique installé verticalement avec des brûleurs à gaz à torches orientables, une alimentation à vanne et un robinet de carburant, un gazéificateur avec un foyer et une grille conique pour le lit fluidisé de la torche, un ventilateur avec un volet d'étranglement pour envoyer de l'air vers la grille, une fente annulaire, une chambre de séparation de gaz et des cendres avec un bac à cendres hermétique et un transporteur à vis, un échangeur de chaleur pour baisser la température et condenser les vapeurs de métaux à faible point d'ébullition, une chambre à gaz intermédiaire afin de piéger et de recueillir les métaux récupérés et d'envoyer les gaz à travers le volet d'étranglement compact, un condenseur d'air, un ventilateur centrifuge, et un compresseur; le four thermique comprend une chambre à tourbillon de type cyclone fonctionnant avec les brûleurs à gaz, et la structure comprend en outre des séparateurs à membrane, une centrifugeuse connectée à un plasmotron, et un réacteur de catalyse.
PCT/RU2020/000655 2020-03-19 2020-12-02 Gazéificateur Ceased WO2021188004A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2020111352 2020-03-19
RU2020111352A RU2737656C1 (ru) 2020-03-19 2020-03-19 Газификатор

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021188004A1 true WO2021188004A1 (fr) 2021-09-23

Family

ID=73792601

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/RU2020/000655 Ceased WO2021188004A1 (fr) 2020-03-19 2020-12-02 Gazéificateur

Country Status (2)

Country Link
RU (1) RU2737656C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021188004A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2025076855A1 (fr) * 2023-10-12 2025-04-17 山东美森资源综合利用有限公司 Appareil intégré pour la déchloration alternative de combustible de matière première de four à charbon, la dénitrification et le traitement de déchets solides coordonné

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112745964A (zh) * 2021-02-02 2021-05-04 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 一种环保型的固废废旧轮胎欧冶炉处理装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080222956A1 (en) * 2005-06-03 2008-09-18 Plasco Energy Group Inc. System for the Conversion of Coal to a Gas of Specified Composition
RU2545199C1 (ru) * 2014-01-29 2015-03-27 Андрей Иванович Мещанкин Газификатор твердых бытовых отходов и твердого топлива
RU2655319C1 (ru) * 2017-05-29 2018-05-25 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Вятский государственный университет" Газификатор твердого топлива

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2249444C3 (de) * 1972-10-09 1975-03-13 Johann 8360 Deggendorf Wagner Gaserzeuger fur wahlweise Abwartsgasung und Aufwartsgasung
RU2015105220A (ru) * 2015-02-16 2016-08-27 Валентин Фёдорович Надеев Газификатор твёрдого топлива
RU2680135C1 (ru) * 2018-08-31 2019-02-15 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Научно-Производственная Фирма "Эко-Страна" Устройство и способ плазменной газификации углеродсодержащего материала и установка для генерирования тепловой/электрической энергии, в которой используется указанное устройство

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080222956A1 (en) * 2005-06-03 2008-09-18 Plasco Energy Group Inc. System for the Conversion of Coal to a Gas of Specified Composition
RU2545199C1 (ru) * 2014-01-29 2015-03-27 Андрей Иванович Мещанкин Газификатор твердых бытовых отходов и твердого топлива
RU2655319C1 (ru) * 2017-05-29 2018-05-25 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Вятский государственный университет" Газификатор твердого топлива

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2025076855A1 (fr) * 2023-10-12 2025-04-17 山东美森资源综合利用有限公司 Appareil intégré pour la déchloration alternative de combustible de matière première de four à charbon, la dénitrification et le traitement de déchets solides coordonné

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2737656C1 (ru) 2020-12-01

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