WO2021171782A1 - セル間スペーサおよびバッテリーモジュール - Google Patents
セル間スペーサおよびバッテリーモジュール Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021171782A1 WO2021171782A1 PCT/JP2020/049254 JP2020049254W WO2021171782A1 WO 2021171782 A1 WO2021171782 A1 WO 2021171782A1 JP 2020049254 W JP2020049254 W JP 2020049254W WO 2021171782 A1 WO2021171782 A1 WO 2021171782A1
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- heat
- inter
- cell
- holding portion
- resistant anti
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
- H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/494—Tensile strength
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
- H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
- H01M10/6555—Rods or plates arranged between the cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
- H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
- H01M50/291—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by their shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
- H01M50/293—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an intercell spacer and a battery module.
- Lithium-ion batteries are used in a wide range of applications such as in-vehicle, power leveling, and mobile applications from the viewpoints of energy density, output density, durability, and so on.
- it is often used in the form of a battery module in which a plurality of cells are arranged inside.
- a battery module in which a plurality of cells are arranged inside.
- Patent Document 1 describes thermal conductivity, which has excellent heat dissipation during normal operation, and exhibits heat insulating performance that can prevent ignition due to a thermal chain to an adjacent battery by starting expansion at a relatively low temperature when the temperature rises abnormally.
- the resin composition and the like are described.
- Patent Document 2 a sheet-type member for promoting heat dissipation from the battery cell is thermally extended to the sealed portion in a state where the sheet-type member partially covers the battery cell. Battery cells with improved stability are listed.
- Patent Document 3 has a function as a heat-dissipating resin sheet arranged between a panel and a heat-dissipating metal plate in an electronic device part or the like, and the electronic device parts and the heat-dissipating metal plate can be easily used for recycling.
- a heat-dissipating resin sheet that is easy to disassemble and disassemble is described.
- Patent Document 4 describes a heat-expandable refractory resin composition capable of forming a heat insulating layer that separates a battery and a cell while mitigating a rapid temperature rise during heating.
- Patent Document 5 describes that a spacer is arranged between the battery cells to prevent a relative misalignment between the spacer and the battery cell while increasing the number of layers of the spacer and the battery cell.
- Patent Document 6 describes an assembled battery that is compact and has excellent cooling efficiency and safety without reducing the weight energy density and the volumetric energy density of the assembled battery in which the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is incorporated.
- Patent Document 7 describes a battery assembly provided with a temperature control mechanism having a simple structure so that the temperature control mechanism for the battery assembly can be further improved so that it can be used efficiently and has high durability.
- the present inventors have conducted diligent studies for the purpose of solving the above problems. Then, the present inventors have heat-resistant anti-compression, which is an inter-cell spacer arranged between battery cells adjacent to each other, in which Young's modulus in the direction in which the battery cells are adjacent is equal to or higher than a predetermined value at a predetermined temperature.
- the present invention has been completed by finding that an inter-cell spacer having a portion can maintain an inter-cell distance even when the cell expands in the battery module at an abnormally high temperature.
- inter-cell spacers and battery modules shown below are provided.
- An inter-cell spacer arranged between battery cells adjacent to each other.
- An inter-cell spacer having a heat-resistant anti-compression portion in which the Young's modulus in the direction in which the battery cells are adjacent is 10 MPa or more at a temperature of 300 ° C.
- the heat-resistant anti-compression portion is composed of polyimide resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, alumina, zirconia, boehmite (AlOOH), gibsite (Al (OH) 3 ), silicon oxide, magnesium oxide (magnesia), calcium oxide, and the like.
- the intercellular spacer according to the above [16], wherein the member that shrinks by heating is an elastomer polymer.
- an inter-cell spacer capable of maintaining an inter-cell distance even when the cell expands in the battery module at an abnormally high temperature. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a battery module capable of maintaining a distance between cells even when the cells expand internally at an abnormally high temperature.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example in which the inter-cell spacer of the present invention maintains an inter-cell distance when the cell expands at an abnormally high temperature.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of the battery module of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the inter-cell spacer of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the inter-cell spacer of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the inter-cell spacer of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the inter-cell spacer of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the inter-cell spacers used in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing an example of arrangement of inter-cell spacers in the battery module of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the inter-cell spacer of the present invention having an elastic portion.
- FIG. 9A shows an embodiment in which the heat-resistant anti-compression portion and the holding portion are separate members.
- FIG. 9B shows an embodiment in which the heat-resistant anti-compression portion and the holding portion are mixed to form a mixed portion.
- the inter-cell spacer of the present invention can be used in manufacturing the battery module of the present invention.
- the inter-cell spacer of the present invention can be used as a component arranged between adjacent battery cells in a battery module having a plurality of battery cells.
- the inter-cell spacer of the present invention is an inter-cell spacer arranged between battery cells adjacent to each other, and the Young's modulus in the direction in which the battery cells are adjacent (hereinafter, may be abbreviated as "adjacent direction" for convenience) is the temperature. It is characterized by having a heat-resistant anti-compression portion having a heat resistance of 10 MPa or more at 300 ° C. If the inter-cell spacer of the present invention is used for the battery module, the heat-resistant anti-compression portion has high elasticity in the adjacent direction, so that even if the cell expands in the battery module at an abnormally high temperature, the inter-cell spacer is used. You can keep a distance.
- the "heat-resistant anti-compression portion” is a portion having high elasticity and heat resistance in the adjacent direction. Since the heat-resistant anti-compression part has high elasticity in the adjacent direction, it can withstand the pressure from the expanded cell even when the cell expands at an abnormally high temperature, and the compression of the heat-resistant anti-compression part is suppressed. Therefore, the distance between cells can be maintained.
- Such high elasticity has a Young's modulus of 10 MPa or more at a temperature of 300 ° C., a Young's modulus of 100 MPa or more at a temperature of 300 ° C.
- a Young's modulus of 1000 MPa or more at a temperature of 300 ° C. is more preferable, and a Young's modulus of 10000 MPa or more at a temperature of 300 ° C. Young's modulus is more preferable. Young's modulus can be appropriately selected and measured according to, for example, JIS R 1620, JIS K 6254, and JIS K 7161 according to the material.
- Heat resistance of heat resistant anti-compression part >> Since the heat-resistant anti-compression part has heat resistance, the cell expands at an abnormally high temperature, and even if the heat-resistant anti-compression part comes into contact with the cell on both sides, the cell that has become abnormally hot is adjacent to the high temperature.
- the heat-resistant anti-compression portion has a thermal conductivity in the adjacent direction of, for example, 100 W / m ⁇ K or less, preferably 50 W / m ⁇ K or less, more preferably 30 W / m ⁇ K or less, still more preferably. May be 10 W / m ⁇ K or less. Thermal conductivity can be measured, for example, by ASTM D5470.
- the heat-resistant anti-compression portion preferably has high resistance. Since the heat-resistant anti-compression portion has high resistance, it is possible to suppress electric leakage when the heat-resistant anti-compression portion comes into contact with the cell. As such high resistance, the heat-resistant anti-compression portion has a volume resistivity in the adjacent direction, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 5 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 It may be 7 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more.
- the volume resistivity can be measured by, for example, JIS K 7194 and JIS K 6911.
- the material of the heat-resistant anti-compression portion is preferably a material having the above-mentioned high elasticity (Young's modulus), and has, for example, a particulate shape (eg, spherical shape) or a rod shape having a diameter of 0.1 mm or more and 10 mm or less, and is preferably rod-shaped. It may be spherical.
- the material of the heat-resistant anti-compression part may be in the form of particles or powder. Examples of the material of the heat-resistant anti-compression part include heat-resistant resins such as polyimide resin, phenol resin, and epoxy resin, and the inorganic particles described below.
- inorganic particles alumina and zirconia, hydrate of aluminum oxide (bemite (AlOOH), gibsite (Al (OH) 3 )), silicon oxide, magnesium oxide (magnesia), calcium oxide, titanium oxide (titania), titanic acid Oxide particles such as barium (BaTIO 3 ) and alumina-silica composite oxide; nitride particles such as aluminum nitride and boron nitride; covalently bonded crystal particles such as silicon and diamond; barium sulfate, calcium fluoride, barium fluoride And the like; poorly soluble ion crystal particles such as; clay fine particles such as kaolinite, montmorillonite and bentonite; silicate minerals such as mica and pebbles; and the like.
- these particles may be subjected to element substitution, surface treatment, solid solution formation or the like, if necessary.
- a material may be a mixture of the above-mentioned substances.
- the above-mentioned inorganic oxide particles are surface-treated with a reactive coupling agent.
- the reactive coupling agent used for such a surface treatment for example, those described in JP-A-2015-218282 and International Publication No. 2013/111345 can be used. One of these may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination at any ratio.
- titanium-based coupling agents titanium-based coupling agents
- silane coupling agents silane coupling agents
- aluminum-based coupling agents aluminate coupling agents
- the method for treating the surface of the inorganic oxide particles with the reactive coupling agent is not particularly limited.
- a surface treatment method for example, after immersing the inorganic oxide particles in a solution in which a reactive coupling agent is dissolved in a solvent or mixing with the solution, the solvent is applied by an arbitrary method such as drying. There is a method of removing it.
- the shape of the heat-resistant anti-compression portion is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a cylindrical shape, a square shape, a spherical shape, a rod shape, a particle shape, and a powder shape.
- the dimensions of the heat-resistant anti-compression portion may be, for example, about 0.1 mm or more and 10 mm or less in diameter, or may be smaller than 0.1 mm in diameter.
- the dimensions of the heat-resistant anti-compression portion constituting the battery module of the present invention in the adjacent direction are the distance between the battery cells in which the heat-resistant anti-compression portion is arranged at an unheated temperature (eg, 25 ° C.) and at an abnormally high temperature.
- the intercellular spacer of the present invention may optionally further have a holding portion that covers at least a part of the heat resistant anti-compression portion.
- the "holding portion” is a portion that holds the heat-resistant anti-compression portion in the inter-cell spacer at an unheated temperature. If the inter-cell spacer of the present invention has a holding portion, the heat-resistant anti-compression portion can be included in the integrated member and arranged between the cells when assembling the battery module, and the heat-resistant anti-compression portion can be arranged between the cells. It becomes easy to fix the position in the battery module.
- the holding portion may optionally have a shape in contact with the cells on both sides in the battery module at an unheated temperature. Further, the holding portion may optionally have high thermal conductivity. If the holding portion has a shape in contact with the cells on both sides in the battery module at the unheated temperature and has high thermal conductivity, the cells are thermally conducted with each other at the unheated temperature to conduct the battery. The temperature of the cells in the module can be made uniform.
- the holding portion is arranged so as to cover at least a part of the heat resistant anti-compression portion.
- the shape of the holding portion is not particularly limited, and may be any shape that solves the problem of the present invention.
- the arrangement relationship between the holding portion and the heat-resistant anti-compression portion in the inter-cell spacer of the present invention is particularly limited as long as the inter-cell distance can be maintained even when the cell expands in the battery module at an abnormally high temperature.
- the holding portion may have a portion extending between the surfaces in contact with the battery cell. Examples of such an arrangement relationship include those shown in the following embodiments 2, 2-1, 2-2, 3, 4, and 5. Due to such an arrangement relationship, the heat-resistant anti-compression portion contacts the cells on both sides at an abnormally high temperature to resist the expansion pressure of the cell, thereby preventing direct contact of the cell, and further, the contact area between the holding portion and the cell surface.
- a heat insulating effect between cells is achieved by reducing the thermal conductivity through the holding portion due to the decrease in the density of the holding portion or the decrease in the density of the holding portion. Further, it is possible to make the temperatures of the cells in the battery module uniform by contacting the cells on both sides in the battery module at the temperature in the unheated state.
- the heat-resistant anti-compression portion may be embedded in the holding portion. Examples of such an arrangement relationship include those shown in the third embodiment below.
- the heat-resistant anti-compression portion contacts the cells on both sides at an abnormally high temperature to resist the expansion pressure of the cell, thereby preventing direct contact of the cell, and further, the contact area between the holding portion and the cell surface.
- a heat insulating effect between cells is achieved by reducing the thermal conductivity through the holding portion due to the decrease in the density of the holding portion or the decrease in the density of the holding portion.
- at least one of the surfaces in contact with the battery cell may be composed of the heat-resistant anti-compression portion and the holding portion. Examples of such an arrangement relationship include those shown in the following embodiments 2, 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 4, 5, 6, and 8.
- both the surfaces in contact with the battery cell may be composed of a heat-resistant anti-compression portion and a holding portion.
- Examples of such an arrangement relationship include those shown in the following embodiments 2, 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 5, and 8.
- a “mixing portion” in which the holding portion and the heat-resistant anti-compression portion are mixed may be formed.
- the mixing portion examples include a mixture in which particulate or powder heat-resistant anti-compression portions are dispersed in the holding portion, a mixture of particulate or powder-like heat-resistant anti-compression portions and a particulate or powder-like holding portion, or Examples thereof include a close contact body (eg, a pressure-bonded body, a fused body), a solution in which a heat-resistant anti-compression part and a holding part are dissolved or dispersed in a solvent (dispersion medium), or a dried product of a dispersion liquid.
- a close contact body eg, a pressure-bonded body, a fused body
- a solution in which a heat-resistant anti-compression part and a holding part are dissolved or dispersed in a solvent (dispersion medium)
- a dried product of a dispersion liquid e.g., a dried product of a dispersion liquid.
- the shape of the heat-resistant anti-compression portion is not particularly limited as long as it is a shape mixed with the holding portion, but it is preferably in the form of particles or powder, and has a size smaller than 0.1 mm in diameter. More preferred.
- the mixing portion may extend between the surfaces in contact with the battery cell, for example, as shown in Embodiment 2-2 below. Alternatively, the mixing portion may be present on a part of the surface in contact with the battery cell, for example, as shown in the following embodiments 2-3, 2-4, 2-5.
- the magnitude relationship between the dimensions of the heat-resistant anti-compression portion in the adjacent direction and the dimensions of the holding portion in the adjacent direction is as long as the distance between the cells can be maintained even when the cells expand in the battery module at an abnormally high temperature.
- the dimensions of the heat-resistant anti-compression portion in the adjacent direction may be larger than the dimensions of the holding portion in the adjacent direction, may be the same as the dimensions of the holding portion in the adjacent direction, and may be larger than the dimensions of the holding portion in the adjacent direction. It may be small.
- Examples of the relationship between the heat-resistant anti-compression portion and the holding portion include those shown in the sixth to ninth embodiments. If the dimensions of the heat-resistant anti-compression portion in the adjacent direction are the same as the dimensions of the holding portion in the adjacent direction, it is possible to improve the heat conduction between the cells while ensuring the distance between the cells at high temperature. Examples of the relationship between the heat-resistant anti-compression portion and the holding portion include those shown in Embodiments 2 and 2-1. If the dimension of the heat-resistant anti-compression portion in the adjacent direction is smaller than the dimension of the holding portion in the adjacent direction, the thermal conductivity at room temperature can be improved. Examples of the relationship between the heat-resistant anti-compression portion and the holding portion include those shown in Embodiments 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, and 3-5.
- Thermal conductivity of the holding part is preferably larger than the thermal conductivity of the heat-resistant anti-compression portion.
- thermal conductivity may be, for example, 1 W / m ⁇ K or more, preferably 10 W / m ⁇ K or more, more preferably 20 W / m ⁇ K or more, and even more preferably 30 W / m ⁇ K or more.
- the thermal conductivity can be measured, for example, by the method described above.
- the holding portion When the holding portion is arranged in the battery module, it is preferable that heat conduction between cells by the holding portion is suppressed at a high temperature.
- the member constituting such a holding portion include a member whose thermal conductivity is irreversibly lowered by heating and a member which contracts by heating.
- the holding portion contains a member whose thermal conductivity is irreversibly lowered by heating
- the holding portion has a thermal conductivity of 0. It is preferably 1 time or less, more preferably 0.01 times or less, and further preferably 0.001 times or less.
- “Member whose thermal conductivity is irreversibly lowered by heating” means a member whose thermal conductivity is irreversibly lowered at a predetermined temperature (high temperature). Examples of such a temperature include a temperature at which the cell becomes abnormally high temperature. The "member whose thermal conductivity is irreversibly reduced by heating” does not have to be irreversibly reduced in thermal conductivity at a temperature lower than the above temperature. Examples of the member whose thermal conductivity is irreversibly lowered by heating include a member whose density is lowered due to an increase in voids when the temperature rises above a predetermined temperature by heating. Such a member can be obtained, for example, by configuring it to include a heat-dissipating filler.
- the "heat-dissipating filler” is a filler made of a material that forms voids by vaporization, decomposition, or the like at a predetermined temperature, and is preferably in the form of particles.
- the heat-dissipating filler has such a configuration that it is not necessary to generate voids due to vaporization, decomposition, etc. at a temperature lower than the above temperature, so that the portion occupied by the heat-dissipating filler is replaced with voids by heating. ,
- the density of the holding part decreases, and the thermal conductivity of the holding part irreversibly decreases.
- heat-dissipating filler examples include dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine (DTP), azodicarbonamide (ADCA), p, p'-oxybisbenzenesulfonylhydrazide (OBSH), baking soda mixture, DTP, ADCA, OBSH, HDCA, and the like.
- Foaming agents such as BA / AC / baking soda mixture; sublimable resins such as melamine and melamine cyanurate.
- the disappearance temperature of the heat-dissipating filler may be, for example, 80 ° C. or higher, preferably 100 ° C. or higher, more preferably 120 ° C. or higher, and for example, 500 ° C. or lower, preferably 350 ° C.
- the average particle size of the heat-dissipating filler may be, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, for example, 10 ⁇ m or less, preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or less. It may be.
- the ratio of the volume occupied by the heat-dissipating filler to the volume of the holding portion is, for example, 5% or more, preferably 10% or more, more preferably 20% or more.
- the ratio of the volume occupied by the heat-dissipating filler to the volume of the holding portion may be higher than the above-mentioned ratio, for example, 50% or more, preferably 50% or more.
- the volume of the holding portion when heated to a temperature of 300 ° C. is preferably 0.95 times or less of the volume at an unheated temperature of 25 ° C. It is more preferably 9 times or less, and further preferably 0.8 times or less.
- Examples of the member that shrinks due to heating include an elastomer polymer.
- Examples of the elastomer polymer include acrylic polymer, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS resin, polyvinyl acetate, and polystyrene.
- the holding portion preferably has low elasticity in the adjacent direction. If the holding portion contains a member that contracts due to heating and has low elasticity in the adjacent direction, it is suppressed that the holding portion contracts due to heating and then returns from the contracted state, and heat conduction of the holding portion at an abnormally high temperature. It can contribute to the reduction of the rate.
- Such low elasticity may have a Young's modulus of, for example, 1000 MPa or less, preferably 100 MPa or less, and more preferably 10 MPa or less at a temperature of 300 ° C.
- the holding portion has a permanent strain of 1 to 20%.
- the permanent strain can be measured by, for example, JIS K 6262.
- the holding portion is preferably highly resistant. Since the holding portion has high resistance, it is possible to prevent electric leakage when the holding portion comes into contact with the cell. As such a high resistance, the holding portion has a volume resistivity of the adjacent direction, for example, 1000 [Omega] ⁇ cm or more, preferably 10 4 Omega ⁇ cm or more, more preferably 10 5 Omega ⁇ cm or more, more preferably 10 6 It may be ⁇ ⁇ cm or more.
- the material of the holding portion is not particularly limited as long as it can cover at least a part of the heat-resistant anti-compression portion.
- examples of such a material include the above-mentioned heat-digestable filler and elastomer polymer. Such a material may be used alone or as a composite material.
- a highly thermally conductive filler may be further added.
- the high thermal conductive filler include silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, and boron nitride high thermal conductive ceramics.
- the average particle size of the high thermal conductive filler may be, for example, 0.01 ⁇ m or more, preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, and for example, 1000 ⁇ m or less, preferably 300 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less. May be good.
- the ratio of the high thermal conductive filler to the holding portion may be, for example, 20% by mass or more, preferably 40% by mass or more, more preferably 50% by mass or more, for example, 95% by mass or less, preferably 90% by mass or less. It may be preferably 80% by mass or less.
- the inter-cell spacer of the present invention may optionally further have an elastic portion.
- the "elastic portion” is a portion for supporting the holding portion, which has elasticity and has a property that the shape and dimensions are substantially maintained in a temperature range of ⁇ 30 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower. Since the shape and dimensions of the elastic portion are substantially maintained at both normal temperature and high temperature, the minimum thickness of the inter-cell spacer can be ensured even when the holding portion shrinks due to high temperature. Further, since the elastic portion has elasticity, it can function as a cushioning material for a cell that expands or contracts.
- the elastic portion functions as a cushioning material for cell expansion and contraction at room temperature.
- a material in which the content ratio of the heat-dissipating filler in the holding portion is increased preferably, a material composed of substantially the heat-dissipating filler.
- the degree of shrinkage at an abnormally high temperature can be increased, and the heat insulating property can be increased more effectively.
- the elastic portion is arranged so that the inter-cell spacer can be arranged between the cells, and the holding portion and the heat-resistant anti-compression portion are provided on both side surfaces facing the cell.
- the shape of the elastic portion is not particularly limited, and the shape that solves the problem of the present invention, that is, the inter-cell spacer can be arranged between the cells, and the holding portion and the heat-resistant anti-compression portion are provided on the surface facing the cell. Any shape can be used.
- the arrangement relationship between the elastic portion and the heat-resistant anti-compression portion and the holding portion in the inter-cell spacer of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it functions as a cushioning material for cell expansion and contraction at room temperature.
- the heat-resistant anti-compression portion and the holding portion may be arranged on the surface side (that is, the cell side) of the elastic portion.
- the heat-resistant anti-compression portion and the holding portion may be arranged to cover the entire surface side of the elastic portion, or may be arranged to cover a part of the surface side of the elastic portion. ..
- the elastic portion is formed by the anti-compression portion and the holding portion on one side in the adjacent direction and the anti-compression portion on the other side in the adjacent direction. It is preferable to have a shape existing in a region between the portion and the portion formed by the holding portion. Examples of such an arrangement relationship include those shown in the following embodiments 2-1 to 2-5. In embodiments 2-1 and 2-2, the elastic portion has a surface shape that coincides with the extending surface in which the heat-resistant anti-compression portion and the holding portion come into contact with the battery cell. In the schematic view of the second embodiment of FIG.
- the elastic portion has a surface shape that matches the surface shape (a part of the extending surface) in which the heat-resistant anti-compression portion and the holding portion come into contact with the battery cell. Examples of the arrangement in which the heat-resistant anti-compression portion and the holding portion cover a part of the elastic portion on the surface side include those shown in the following embodiment 2-5. In the schematic view of Embodiments 2-3, 2-4, and 2-5 of FIG.
- the portion formed by the heat-resistant anti-compression portion and the holding portion is macroscopically regarded as a portion formed by mixing the two. It is expressed in. Due to such an arrangement relationship, the elastic portion can support the heat-resistant anti-compression portion and the holding portion, and the distance between cells can be maintained even when the holding portion contracts at an abnormally high temperature.
- the relationship between the size of the elastic part in the adjacent direction (total size) and the size of the part formed by the heat-resistant anti-compression part and the holding part in the adjacent direction (total size) is that the cell expands in the battery module at an abnormally high temperature. Even if this is the case, the distance between the cells is not particularly limited as long as the distance between the cells can be maintained.
- the dimension in the adjacent direction of the elastic portion may be larger than the dimension in the adjacent direction of the portion formed by the heat-resistant anti-compression portion and the holding portion, and the dimension in the adjacent direction of the portion formed by the heat-resistant anti-compression portion and the holding portion.
- the dimension of the elastic portion in the adjacent direction is, for example, 0.3 times or more, preferably 0.5 times or more, more preferably 0, with respect to the dimension of the portion formed by the heat-resistant anti-compression portion and the holding portion in the adjacent direction. It may be 8.8 times or more, for example, 0.99 times or less, preferably 0.95 times or less, and more preferably 0.90 times or less.
- the larger the dimension of the elastic part in the adjacent direction is, the larger the dimension of the part formed by the heat-resistant anti-compression part and the holding part is in the adjacent direction.
- the elastic part Since the elastic part has high elasticity in the adjacent direction, even if the cell expands at an abnormally high temperature, it can withstand the pressure from the expanded cell and the compression of the heat-resistant anti-compression part is suppressed. The distance between cells can be maintained. Further, from the viewpoint that the elastic part functions as a cushioning material for cell expansion and contraction at both normal temperature and high temperature, the elastic part has lower elasticity than the heat-resistant anticompression part, that is, the elastic part has a lower elasticity at a temperature of 25 ° C. It is preferable that the Young's modulus is smaller than the Young's modulus of the heat-resistant pressure-resistant portion. The Young's modulus of the elastic portion at a temperature of 25 ° C.
- Young's modulus is preferably 1 MPa or more, more preferably 2 MPa or more, further preferably 3 MPa or more, preferably 100 MPa or less, more preferably 30 MPa or less, still more preferably 15 MPa or less. Young's modulus can be appropriately measured by, for example, the method described above.
- the elastic portion preferably has high resistance. Since the elastic portion has high resistance, it is possible to suppress electric leakage through the elastic portion when the holding portion comes into contact with the cell.
- the elastic part the volume resistivity of the adjacent direction, for example, 1000 [Omega] ⁇ cm or more, preferably 10 4 Omega ⁇ cm or more, more preferably 10 5 Omega ⁇ cm or more, more preferably 10 6 It may be ⁇ ⁇ cm or more.
- the material of the elastic portion is not particularly limited as long as it can cover at least a part of the heat-resistant anti-compression portion.
- examples of such materials include natural rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene / propylene rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber, acrylic rubber, urethane rubber, and silicone rubber.
- examples thereof include various rubber materials such as fluororubber and polysulfide rubber, and resin materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, ABS resin, acrylic resin, polyethylene terephthalate, and phenol resin. Such a material may be used alone or as a composite material.
- the elastic portion preferably contains as little heat-dissipating filler as possible, and more preferably contains almost no heat-dissipating filler.
- the holding portion used for the inter-cell spacer of the present invention preferably contains a heat-dissipating filler.
- the heat-dissipating filler include those mentioned above. In this case, even if the heat-dissipating filler disappears due to heating, the distance between the cells is maintained by the elastic portion, so that the content ratio of the heat-dissipating filler in the holding portion can be increased.
- the ratio of the volume occupied by the heat-dissipating filler to the volume of the holding portion may be, for example, 50% or more, preferably 60% or more, more preferably 70% or more, for example, 99% or less, preferably 99% or less. It may be 95% or less, more preferably 90% or less.
- Embodiments 1, 2, 2-1 to 2-5, 3 to 12 Structural examples of the inter-cell spacers of the present invention are shown in Embodiments 1, 2, 2-1 to 2-5, 3 to 12 (FIGS. 3 to 6, Table 1).
- the number of heat-resistant anti-compression portions in the inter-cell spacer is not particularly limited, and may be 1 or more, preferably 2 or more.
- the holding portion is used at the unheated temperature.
- the temperature of the cells in the battery module can be made uniform by heat conduction.
- the cells Since there is a gap between the cells, it is possible to stabilize the temperature of the cell by using air cooling between cells or water cooling between cells.
- the battery module of the present invention has a plurality of battery cells, and the inter-cell spacer of the present invention is arranged between adjacent battery cells.
- the dimensions of the heat-resistant anti-compression portion constituting the battery module of the present invention in the adjacent direction are the distance between the battery cells in which the heat-resistant anti-compression portion is arranged at an unheated temperature (eg, 25 ° C.) and at an abnormally high temperature. It may be determined in consideration of the distance that is desirable to be secured at the minimum when the cell expands. Examples of such dimensions include 50% or more of the distance between battery cells, and even if the distance between battery cells is preferably 60% or more, more preferably 70% or more, and further preferably 80% or more. good.
- the number of cells contained in the battery module of the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 2 or more, preferably 4 or more, more preferably 8 or more, for example 100 or less, preferably 50 or less, more preferably. It may be 20 or less.
- the distance between the battery cells in the battery module of the present invention may be, for example, 1 mm or more, preferably 2 mm or more, more preferably 3 mm or more, for example, 20 mm or less, preferably 10 mm or less, more preferably 5 mm or less. You may.
- the battery module of the present invention may further include a heat radiating portion.
- the heat radiating part is a part for discharging the high temperature accumulated in the battery cell to the outside.
- the heat radiating portion is preferably a portion that is in contact with the battery cell or the inter-cell spacer and is exposed to the outside of the battery module.
- the heat radiating portion may form a housing or a part of the housing of the battery module. Examples of the heat radiating portion include, as shown in FIG. 2, a cooling sheet that serves as a base for arranging the battery cells, and a support portion that is in contact with the surface of the battery cells at the end of the arrangement.
- Thermal resistance was measured in order to evaluate the degree to which the inter-cell spacer suppresses heat conduction between cells at abnormally high temperatures.
- ⁇ Measurement method of thermal resistance> Thermal resistance [K ⁇ cm 2 / W] was measured according to ASTM D5470 standard. Specifically, using a measuring device (TIM tester1300), a sample ( ⁇ 33 mm) is placed on a cooling plate and heated by a heater, and the heater temperature T 1 [° C.], the cooling plate temperature T 2 [° C.], and the heat flow Q From [W] and the sample area S [cm 2 ], the thermal resistance Rt [K ⁇ cm 2 / W] was calculated from the following formula. Rt (T 1- T 2 ) x S / Q
- An aqueous dispersion was prepared. An aluminum plate ( ⁇ 33 mm ⁇ thickness 3 mm) was placed in a Teflon (registered trademark) petri dish, an aqueous dispersion was added thereto, and zirconia balls ( ⁇ 3 mm) were added so as not to overlap.
- the amount of the aqueous dispersion was adjusted so that the thickness after drying was in the range of 1.0 to 1.2 times the diameter of the zirconia balls. After drying, the resin filler mixture sheet other than the portion overlapping the aluminum plate was removed to obtain a composite material of the aluminum plate and the resin. An aluminum plate ( ⁇ 33 mm ⁇ thickness 3 mm) was placed on the upper part of the composite material and pressed at 5 MPa to obtain a composite of an aluminum plate-cell spacer sample sandwiched between aluminum plates on both sides.
- the thermal resistance of the composite was measured under 5 MPa pressurization.
- the complex was heated at 300 ° C. under a pressure of 1 h and 5 MPa, and after heating, the thermal resistance was measured again under a pressurization of 5 MPa.
- the rate of change in thermal resistance was calculated as follows.
- Thermal resistance change rate thermal resistance (after heating) / thermal resistance (before heating)
- the spacer distance after heating was measured as the distance between aluminum plates under 5 MPa pressurization. Then, the distance between cells after heating was evaluated as follows. ⁇ : Distance after heating is 50% or more before heating, ⁇ : Distance after heating is less than 50% before heating
- Example 1 An aluminum plate-sample composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that zirconia balls ( ⁇ 3 mm) were not added.
- Example 2 (2-1) Preparation of carboxyl group-containing highly saturated nitrile rubber (a1)
- aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate having a concentration of 10% In a reactor, 220 parts of ion-exchanged water, 5 parts of an aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate having a concentration of 10%, 37 parts of acrylonitrile, and mono-n-butyl maleate. 4 parts and 0.75 parts of t-dodecyl mercaptan (molecular weight adjuster) were charged in this order, and 57 parts of 1,3-butadiene was charged after replacing the internal gas with nitrogen three times.
- t-dodecyl mercaptan molecular weight adjuster
- the reactor was kept at 10 ° C., 0.06 part of cumene hydroquinone (polymerization initiator), a reducing agent, and an appropriate amount of a chelating agent were charged, and the polymerization reaction was continued with stirring, and the polymerization conversion rate was 40%. And when it reached 60%, 1 part of mono n-butyl maleate was added, and when the polymerization conversion rate reached 85%, a hydroquinone aqueous solution (polymerization terminator) with a concentration of 10% by weight was 0.1. The polymerization reaction was stopped by adding a portion. Next, the residual monomer was removed at a water temperature of 60 ° C. to obtain a latex of nitrile rubber (solid content concentration: 30% by weight).
- the latex of the nitrile rubber and the palladium catalyst (1 wt% palladium acetate) were added to the autoclave so that the palladium content with respect to the dry weight of the rubber contained in the latex of the nitrile rubber obtained above was 1,000 ppm.
- a mixture of an acetone solution and equal weight of ion-exchanged water) was added, and a hydrogenation reaction was carried out at a hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa and a temperature of 50 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain a latex of a carboxyl group-containing highly saturated nitrile rubber (a1). ..
- Double volume of methanol is added to the latex of the obtained carboxyl group-containing highly saturated nitrile rubber (a1) to solidify it, and then vacuum dried at 60 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain the carboxyl group-containing highly saturated nitrile rubber (a1). Obtained.
- the obtained carboxyl group-containing highly saturated nitrile rubber (a1) had a carboxyl group content of 0.030 ephr, an iodine value of 9, and a polymer Mooney viscosity [ML1 + 4, 100 ° C.] of 44.
- the obtained carboxyl group-containing highly saturated nitrile rubber (a1) contained 35.7% by weight of acrylonitrile unit, 58.6% by weight of butadiene unit (including hydrogenated portion), and mono n-butyl maleate unit 5. It was 0.7% by weight.
- tri-2-ethylhexyl trimellitic acid manufactured by ADEKA, trade name "ADEKA Sizer C-8", plasticizer
- 4,4'-di- ( ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl) diphenylamine Ouchi) Shinko Kagaku Co., Ltd., trade name "Nocrack CD”, anti-aging agent
- stearic acid 1 part
- polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate manufactured by Toho Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., trade name "Phosphanol RL210", (Processing aid) 1 part was added and mixed at 50 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- DBU 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] -undesen-7
- DBU 60% including the part that is a zinc dialkyldiphosphate salt), 4 parts of basic cross-linking accelerator), hexamethylenediamine carbamate (manufactured by Dupondau Elastomer, trade name "Diak # 1", aliphatic polyvalent 2.4 parts of a polyamine cross-linking agent belonging to amines) was blended and kneaded to obtain a nitrile rubber composition.
- a rubber crosslinked product was obtained using the nitrile rubber composition prepared above.
- the crosslinked product was molded and heat-crosslinked to obtain a rubber sheet having a thickness of 1 mm.
- the filler mixture sheet was removed to obtain a composite material of an aluminum plate and a resin.
- Two of the above composite materials were prepared.
- a prepared rubber sheet (thickness 1 mm) was sandwiched between two composite materials and pressed at 5 MPa to obtain a composite of an aluminum plate-cell spacer sample sandwiched between aluminum plates on both sides.
- the thermal resistance of the composite was measured under 5 MPa pressurization.
- the complex was heated at 300 ° C. under a pressure of 1 h and 5 MPa, and after heating, the thermal resistance was measured again under a pressurization of 5 MPa.
- the rate of change in thermal resistance was calculated as follows.
- Thermal resistance change rate thermal resistance (after heating) / thermal resistance (before heating)
- the spacer distance after heating was measured as the distance between aluminum plates under 5 MPa pressurization. Then, the distance between cells after heating was evaluated as follows. ⁇ : Distance after heating is 50% or more before heating, ⁇ : Distance after heating is less than 50% before heating
- an inter-cell spacer capable of maintaining an inter-cell distance even when the cell expands in the battery module at an abnormally high temperature. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a battery module capable of maintaining a distance between cells even when the cells expand internally at an abnormally high temperature.
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Abstract
Description
前記電池セルが隣接する方向のヤング率が温度300℃において10MPa以上である耐熱性抗圧縮部を有する、セル間スペーサ。
〔2〕前記耐熱性抗圧縮部が、ポリイミド樹脂、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、アルミナ、ジルコニア、ベーマイト(AlOOH)、ギブサイト(Al(OH)3)、酸化ケイ素、酸化マグネシウム(マグネシア)、酸化カルシウム、酸化チタン(チタニア)、チタン酸バリウム、アルミナ-シリカ複合酸化物、窒化アルミニウム、窒化ホウ素、シリコン、ダイヤモンド、硫酸バリウム、フッ化カルシウム、フッ化バリウム、カオリナイト、モンモリロナイト、ベントナイト、マイカ、および長石からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種よりなる、前記〔1〕に記載のセル間スペーサ。
〔3〕前記耐熱性抗圧縮部は、前記電池セルが隣接する方向の体積抵抗率が1×103Ω・cm以上である、前記〔1〕または〔2〕に記載のセル間スペーサ。
〔4〕前記耐熱性抗圧縮部は、前記電池セルが隣接する方向の熱伝導率が100W/m・K以下である、前記〔1〕~〔3〕の何れかに記載のセル間スペーサ。
〔5〕前記耐熱性抗圧縮部の少なくとも一部を覆う保持部を更に有する、前記〔1〕~4〕の何れかに記載のセル間スペーサ。
〔6〕前記保持部の熱伝導率が前記耐熱性抗圧縮部の熱伝導率よりも大きい、前記〔5〕に記載のセル間スペーサ。
〔7〕前記保持部は、前記電池セルと接触する面間に亘って延在する部分を有する、前記〔5〕または〔6〕に記載のセル間スペーサ。
〔8〕前記耐熱性抗圧縮部が前記保持部内に埋設されている、前記〔5〕~〔7〕の何れかに記載のセル間スペーサ。
〔9〕前記電池セルと接触する面の少なくとも一方が、前記耐熱性抗圧縮部と前記保持部とで構成されている、前記〔5〕~〔7〕の何れかに記載のセル間スペーサ。
〔10〕前記電池セルと接触する面の両方が、前記耐熱性抗圧縮部と前記保持部とで構成されている、前記〔9〕に記載のセル間スペーサ。
〔11〕前記耐熱性抗圧縮部の前記電池セルが隣接する方向の寸法が、前記保持部の前記電池セルが隣接する方向の寸法よりも大きい、前記〔5〕または〔6〕に記載のセル間スペーサ。
〔12〕前記保持部は、加熱により熱伝導率が不可逆的に低下する部材を含む、前記〔5〕~〔11〕の何れかに記載のセル間スペーサ。
〔13〕前記保持部は、温度300℃に加熱した際の熱伝導率が、未加熱状態の温度25℃における熱伝導率の0.1倍以下である、前記〔12〕に記載のセル間スペーサ。
〔14〕前記保持部は、加熱により密度が低下する部材を含む、前記〔12〕または〔13〕に記載のセル間スペーサ。
〔15〕加熱により密度が低下する部材が、熱消失性フィラーである、前記〔14〕に記載のセル間スペーサ。
〔16〕前記保持部は、加熱により収縮する部材を含む、前記〔5〕~〔11〕の何れかに記載のセル間スペーサ。
〔17〕加熱により収縮する部材が、エラストマー高分子である、前記〔16〕に記載のセル間スペーサ。
〔18〕弾性部を更に有する、前記〔5〕~〔17〕の何れかに記載のセル間スペーサ。
〔19〕温度25℃において、前記弾性部のヤング率が、前記耐熱性抗圧部のヤング率よりも小さい、前記〔18〕に記載のセル間スペーサ。
〔20〕前記耐熱性抗圧縮部および前記保持部が、前記弾性部の表面側に配置される、前記〔18〕または〔19〕に記載のセル間スペーサ。
〔21〕前記保持部が、熱消失性フィラーを含み、前記保持部の体積に対する前記熱消失性フィラーが占める体積の割合が、50%以上である、前記〔18〕~〔20〕の何れかに記載のセル間スペーサ。
〔22〕複数の電池セルを有し、
隣接する電池セル間に前記〔1〕~〔21〕の何れかに記載のセル間スペーサを配置してなる、バッテリーモジュール。
〔23〕前記電池セルが隣接する方向の前記耐熱性抗圧縮部の寸法が、前記電池セル間の距離の50%以上である、前記〔22〕に記載のバッテリーモジュール。
また、本発明によれば、異常高温時に内部でセルが膨張した場合であってもセル間距離を保つことが可能なバッテリーモジュールを提供することができる。
本発明のセル間スペーサは、本発明のバッテリーモジュールを製造する際に用いることができる。本発明のセル間スペーサは、複数の電池セルを有するバッテリーモジュールにおいて、隣接する電池セル間に配置される部品として用いることができる。本発明のセル間スペーサは、このように配置されることにより、異常高温時にセルが膨張した場合であってもセル間距離を保つことができる。
本発明のセル間スペーサは、互いに隣接する電池セル間に配置されるセル間スペーサであり、前記電池セルが隣接する方向(以下、便宜上「隣接方向」と略すこともある)のヤング率が温度300℃において10MPa以上である耐熱性抗圧縮部を有することを特徴とする。本発明のセル間スペーサをバッテリーモジュールに用いれば、耐熱性抗圧縮部が、隣接方向に高弾性を有しているので、異常高温時にバッテリーモジュール中でセルが膨張した場合であってもセル間距離を保つことができる。
<<耐熱性抗圧縮部の弾性>>
「耐熱性抗圧縮部」とは、隣接方向に高弾性を有し、かつ、耐熱性を有する部分である。
耐熱性抗圧縮部は、隣接方向に高弾性を有しているので、異常高温時にセルが膨張した場合であっても膨張したセルからの圧力に耐え、耐熱性抗圧縮部の圧縮が抑制されるので、セル間距離を保つことができる。このような高弾性は、温度300℃において10MPa以上のヤング率であり、温度300℃において100MPa以上のヤング率が好ましく、温度300℃において1000MPa以上のヤング率がより好ましく、温度300℃において10000MPa以上のヤング率が更に好ましい。ヤング率は、例えば、材料に従って、JIS R 1620、JIS K 6254、JIS K 7161により適宜選択して測定することができる。
<<耐熱性抗圧縮部の耐熱性>>
耐熱性抗圧縮部は、耐熱性を有しているので、異常高温時にセルが膨張し、耐熱性抗圧縮部が両側でセルと接触しても、異常高温になったセルの高温の隣接するセルへの伝導が抑制され、セルの連鎖的熱暴走の伝播を抑止することができる。このような耐熱性として、耐熱性抗圧縮部は、隣接方向の熱伝導率が例えば100W/m・K以下、好ましくは50W/m・K以下、より好ましくは30W/m・K以下、更に好ましくは10W/m・K以下であってもよい。熱伝導率は、例えば、ASTM D5470により測定することができる。
耐熱性抗圧縮部は、高抵抗性であることが好ましい。耐熱性抗圧縮部が高抵抗性であることにより、耐熱性抗圧縮部がセルと接触した場合の漏電を抑止することができる。このような高抵抗性として、耐熱性抗圧縮部は、隣接方向の体積抵抗率が、例えば1×103Ω・cm以上、好ましくは1×105Ω・cm以上、より好ましくは1×107Ω・cm以上、更に好ましくは1×109Ω・cm以上であってもよい。体積抵抗率は、例えば、JIS K 7194、JIS K 6911により測定することができる。
<<耐熱性抗圧縮部の材料>>
耐熱性抗圧縮部の材料は、上述した高弾性(ヤング率)の材料が好ましく、例えば、直径0.1mm以上10mm以下の粒子状(例、球形状)又は、棒状の形状を持ち、好ましくは球形状であってもよい。あるいは、耐熱性抗圧縮部の材料は、粒子状または粉末状であってもよい。耐熱性抗圧縮部の材料としては、例えば、ポリイミド樹脂、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、などの耐熱樹脂や以下に記載する無機粒子が挙げられる。無機粒子としてはアルミナおよびジルコニア、酸化アルミニウムの水和物(ベーマイト(AlOOH)、ギブサイト(Al(OH)3))、酸化ケイ素、酸化マグネシウム(マグネシア)、酸化カルシウム、酸化チタン(チタニア)、チタン酸バリウム(BaTiO3)、アルミナ-シリカ複合酸化物等の酸化物粒子;窒化アルミニウム、窒化ホウ素等の窒化物粒子;シリコン、ダイヤモンド等の共有結合性結晶粒子;硫酸バリウム、フッ化カルシウム、フッ化バリウム等の難溶性イオン結晶粒子;カオリナイト、モンモリロナイト、ベントナイト等の粘土微粒子;マイカ、長石等のケイ酸塩鉱物;などが挙げられる。また、これらの粒子は、必要に応じて元素置換、表面処理、固溶体化等が施されていてもよい。このような材質は、上述した物質の混合物であってもよい。
ここで、上述した無機酸化物粒子は、反応性カップリング剤により表面処理されていることが好ましい。このような表面処理に用いる反応性カップリング剤としては、例えば特開2015-218282号公報、国際公開第2013/111345号に記載のものを用いることができる。これらは、1種類を単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を任意の比率で組み合わせて用いてもよい。そしてこれらの中でも、チタン系カップリング剤(チタネートカップリング剤)、シランカップリング剤、およびアルミニウム系カップリング剤(アルミネートカップリング剤)が好ましい。
なお、反応性カップリング剤を用いて無機酸化物粒子の表面を処理する方法は、特に限定されない。表面処理の方法としては、例えば、無機酸化物粒子を、反応性カップリング剤が溶媒に溶解してなる溶液に浸漬させた後又は当該溶液と混合した後、乾燥等の任意の手法で溶媒を除去する方法が挙げられる。
耐熱性抗圧縮部の形状は、特に限定されないが、例えば、円筒形、方形、球形、棒状、粒子状、粉末状等が挙げられる。耐熱性抗圧縮部の寸法としては、例えば、直径0.1mm以上10mm以下程度であってもよく、あるいは直径0.1mmより小さくてもよい。本発明のバッテリーモジュールを構成する耐熱性抗圧縮部の隣接方向の寸法は、耐熱性抗圧縮部が配置される電池セル間の未加熱状態の温度(例、25℃)における距離および異常高温時にセルが膨張した場合に最低限確保することが望ましい距離を考慮して決定してもよい。このような寸法としては、例えば電池セル間の距離の50%以上が挙げられ、電池セル間の距離の好ましくは60%以上、より好ましくは70%以上、更に好ましくは80%以上であってもよい。
本発明のセル間スペーサは、任意で、耐熱性抗圧縮部の少なくとも一部を覆う保持部を更に有していてもよい。「保持部」とは、未加熱状態の温度においてセル間スペーサ中で耐熱性抗圧縮部を保持する部分である。本発明のセル間スペーサが保持部を有すれば、バッテリーモジュールの組み立て時において、耐熱性抗圧縮部を一体化した部材中に含めてセル間に配置させることが可能となり、耐熱性抗圧縮部のバッテリーモジュール中での位置の固定化が容易となる。
セル間スペーサにおいて、保持部は、耐熱性抗圧縮部の少なくとも一部を覆うように配置される。保持部の形状は、特に限定されず、本発明の課題を解決する形状であればよい。
保持部と耐熱性抗圧縮部との配置関係の例として、保持部は、電池セルと接触する面間に亘って延在する部分を有してもよい。このような配置関係としては、例えば、下記の実施形態2、2-1、2-2、3、4、5に示されるものが挙げられる。このような配置関係により、異常高温時に、耐熱性抗圧縮部が両側のセルに接触しセルの膨張圧力に抗することによりセルの直接接触を防ぎ、更に、保持部とセル表面との接触面積の減少、または保持部の密度低下により、保持部を介した熱伝導率が低下することにより、セル間の断熱効果が達成される。また、未加熱状態の温度においてバッテリーモジュール中で両側のセルに接触して、バッテリーモジュール中のセル同士の温度を均一化することができる。
保持部と耐熱性抗圧縮部との配置関係の例として、耐熱性抗圧縮部は、保持部内に埋設されていてもよい。このような配置関係としては、例えば、下記の実施形態3に示されるものが挙げられる。このような配置関係により、異常高温時に、耐熱性抗圧縮部が両側のセルに接触しセルの膨張圧力に抗することによりセルの直接接触を防ぎ、更に、保持部とセル表面との接触面積の減少、または保持部の密度低下により、保持部を介した熱伝導率が低下することにより、セル間の断熱効果が達成される。
保持部と耐熱性抗圧縮部との配置関係の例として、電池セルと接触する面の少なくとも一方が、耐熱性抗圧縮部と保持部とで構成されていてもよい。このような配置関係としては、例えば、下記の実施形態2、2-1、2-2、2-3、2-4、2-5、4、5、6、8に示されるものが挙げられる。
また、この配置関係において、電池セルと接触する面の両方が、耐熱性抗圧縮部と保持部とで構成されていてもよい。このような配置関係としては、例えば、下記の実施形態2、2-1、2-2、2-3、2-4、2-5、5、8に示されるものが挙げられる。
保持部と耐熱性抗圧縮部との配置関係の例として、保持部と耐熱性抗圧縮部が混合した「混合部」を形成してもよい。混合部としては、例えば、粒子状または粉末状の耐熱性抗圧縮部が保持部中で分散した混合物、粒子状または粉末状の耐熱性抗圧縮部と粒子状または粉末状の保持部の混合物またはその密着体(例、圧着体、融着体)、耐熱性抗圧縮部と保持部を溶媒(分散媒)に溶解または分散させた溶液または分散液の乾燥物が挙げられる。この場合において、耐熱性抗圧縮部の形状は、保持部に混合される形状であれば特に限定されないが、粒子状または粉末状であることが好ましく、直径0.1mmより小さい寸法を有することがより好ましい。混合部は、例えば、下記の実施形態2-2に示されるように、電池セルと接触する面間に亘って延在してもよい。あるいは、混合部は、例えば、下記の実施形態2-3、2-4、2-5に示されるように、電池セルと接触する面の一部に存在してもよい。
耐熱性抗圧縮部の隣接方向の寸法が保持部の隣接方向の寸法よりも大きくすることにより、空隙部を使ったセルの冷却機構(空冷、水冷など)を組み合わせる時に好適である。このような耐熱性抗圧縮部と保持部の関係としては、実施形態6~9に示されるものが挙げられる。
耐熱性抗圧縮部の隣接方向の寸法が保持部の隣接方向の寸法と同じであれば、高温時のセル間距離を確保しつつ、セル間の熱伝導を良好にすることができる。このような耐熱性抗圧縮部と保持部の関係としては、実施形態2、2-1に示されるものが挙げられる。
耐熱性抗圧縮部の隣接方向の寸法が保持部の隣接方向の寸法よりも小さければ、常温による熱伝導率を良好にすることができる。このような耐熱性抗圧縮部と保持部の関係としては、実施形態2-2、2-3、2-4、2-5、3~5に示されるものが挙げられる。
保持部の熱伝導率は、耐熱性抗圧縮部の熱伝導率よりも大きいことが好ましい。このような熱伝導率は、例えば1W/m・K以上、好ましくは10W/m・K以上、より好ましくは20W/m・K以上、更に好ましくは30W/m・K以上であってもよい。熱伝導率は、例えば、上述した方法により測定することができる。
保持部は、隣接方向に低弾性を有することが好ましい。保持部が加熱により収縮する部材を含む場合に隣接方向に低弾性を有していれば、保持部が加熱により収縮した後に収縮状態から戻ることが抑制され、異常高温時の保持部の熱伝導率低下に寄与することができる。このような低弾性としては、温度300℃において、例えば1000MPa以下、好ましくは100MPa以下、より好ましくは10MPa以下のヤング率であってもよい。
保持部は、高抵抗性であることが好ましい。保持部が高抵抗性であることにより、保持部がセルと接触した場合の漏電を抑止することができる。このような高抵抗性として、保持部は、隣接方向の体積抵抗率が、例えば1000Ω・cm以上、好ましくは104Ω・cm以上、より好ましくは105Ω・cm以上、更に好ましくは106Ω・cm以上であってもよい。
保持部の材質は、耐熱性抗圧縮部の少なくとも一部を覆うことができるものであれば、特に限定されない。このような材質としては、例えば、上述した熱消化性フィラーとエラストマー高分子とが挙げられる。このような材質は、単独で使用してもよいし、複合材料として使用してもよい。また、保持部を高熱伝導性とするために、例えば、更に、高熱伝導フィラーを配合してもよい。高熱伝導フィラーとしては、例えば、窒化ケイ素、窒化アルミニウム、窒化ホウ素高熱伝導セラミックスが挙げられる。高熱伝導フィラーの平均粒子径は、例えば0.01μm以上、好ましくは0.1μm以上、より好ましくは1μm以上であってもよく、例えば1000μm以下、好ましくは300μm以下、より好ましくは100μm以下であってもよい。保持部に対する高熱伝導フィラーの割合は、例えば20質量%以上、好ましくは40質量%以上、より好ましくは50質量%以上であってもよく、例えば95質量%以下、好ましくは90質量%以下、より好ましくは80質量%以下であってもよい。
本発明のセル間スペーサが保持部を有する場合、本発明のセル間スペーサは、任意で、弾性部を更に有していてもよい。「弾性部」とは、弾性を有し、-30℃以上80℃以下の温度範囲で形状、寸法がほぼ維持される性質を有する、保持部を支持するための部分である。弾性部は、常温および高温のいずれにおいても形状、寸法がほぼ維持されることにより、高温により保持部が収縮した場合でもセル間スペーサの最小厚さを確保することができる。また、弾性部は、弾性を有することにより、膨張または収縮するセルの緩衝材として機能することができる。これらのことにより、弾性部は、常温においてセル膨張収縮の緩衝材として機能する。このことにより、保持部中の熱消失性フィラーの含有割合を増大させた材料(好ましくは、ほぼ熱消失性フィラーからなる材料)を用いることができる。このように、保持部として、熱消失性フィラーの含有割合を増大させた材料を用いれば、異常高温時での収縮の程度を増大させ、断熱性増大をより効果的に行なうことができる。
セル間スペーサにおいて、弾性部は、セル間スペーサがセル間に配置でき、かつセルに対向する両側の面に保持部および耐熱抗圧縮部が備えられるように配置される。弾性部の形状は、特に限定されず、本発明の課題を解決する形状、即ち、セル間スペーサがセル間に配置でき、かつセルに対向する面に保持部および耐熱抗圧縮部が備えられるようにすることができる形状であればよい。
弾性部と耐熱性抗圧縮部および保持部との配置関係の例として、耐熱性抗圧縮部および保持部が、弾性部の表面側(即ち、セル側)に配置されていてもよい。この配置関係では、例えば、耐熱性抗圧縮部および保持部が、弾性部の表面側の全面を覆う配置であってもよく、あるいは弾性部の表面側の一部を覆う配置であってもよい。耐熱性抗圧縮部および保持部が弾性部の表面側の全面を覆う配置では、弾性部が、隣接方向一方側の抗圧縮部および保持部で形成される部分と、隣接方向他方側の抗圧縮部および保持部で形成される部分の間となる領域に存在する形状を有していることが好ましい。このような配置関係としては、例えば、下記の実施形態2-1~2-5に示されるものが挙げられる。実施形態2-1、2-2では、弾性部は、耐熱性抗圧縮部および保持部が電池セルと接触する延在面と一致した面形状を有する。なお、図3の実施形態2-2の模式図では、耐熱性抗圧縮部および保持部により形成される部分を、両者を別々に表現した微視的図(左図)と、両者が混合して後述の混合部を形成した部分として表現した巨視的図(左図)とで表現している。実施形態2-3、2-4では、弾性部は、耐熱性抗圧縮部および保持部が電池セルと接触する面形状(延在面の一部分)と一致した面形状を有する。耐熱性抗圧縮部および保持部が弾性部の表面側の一部を覆う配置としては、例えば、下記の実施形態2-5に示されるものが挙げられる。図4の実施形態2-3、2-4、2-5の模式図では、耐熱性抗圧縮部および保持部により形成される部分を、両者が混合して混合部を形成した部分として巨視的に表現している。このような配置関係により、弾性部が耐熱性抗圧縮部および保持部を支持することができ、異常高温時に保持部が収縮した場合であっても、セル間距離を保つことができる。
弾性部の隣接方向の寸法は、耐熱性抗圧縮部および保持部により形成される部分の隣接方向の寸法に対して、例えば0.3倍以上、好ましくは0.5倍以上、より好ましくは0.8倍以上であってもよく、例えば0.99倍以下、好ましくは0.95倍以下、より好ましくは0.90倍以下であってもよい。弾性部の隣接方向の寸法が耐熱性抗圧縮部および保持部により形成される部分の隣接方向の寸法に対して大きくなるほど。セル膨張収縮に対する緩衝機能の観点で好適である。弾性部の隣接方向の寸法が耐熱性抗圧縮部および保持部により形成される部分の隣接方向の寸法に対して小さくなるほど、高温時にセル間距離を保つ観点で好適である。
弾性部は、隣接方向に高弾性を有しているので、異常高温時にセルが膨張した場合であっても膨張したセルからの圧力に耐え、耐熱性抗圧縮部の圧縮が抑制されるので、セル間距離を保つことができる。また、弾性部が常温および高温のいずれにおいてもセル膨張収縮の緩衝材として機能する観点から、弾性部が耐熱性抗圧縮部よりも低弾性であること、即ち、温度25℃において、弾性部のヤング率が、耐熱性抗圧部のヤング率よりも小さいことが好ましい。弾性部の温度25℃におけるヤング率としては、1MPa以上が好ましく、2MPa以上がより好ましく、3MPa以上が更に好ましく、100MPa以下が好ましく、30MPa以下がより好ましく、15MPa以下が更に好ましい。ヤング率は、例えば、上述した方法により適宜測定することができる。
弾性部は、高抵抗性であることが好ましい。弾性部が高抵抗性であることにより、保持部がセルと接触した場合の弾性部を介しての漏電を抑止することができる。このような高抵抗性として、弾性部は、隣接方向の体積抵抗率が、例えば1000Ω・cm以上、好ましくは104Ω・cm以上、より好ましくは105Ω・cm以上、更に好ましくは106Ω・cm以上であってもよい。
弾性部の材質は、耐熱性抗圧縮部の少なくとも一部を覆うことができるものであれば、特に限定されない。このような材質としては、例えば、天然ゴム、イソプレンゴム、スチレンブタジエンゴム、ブタジエンゴム、クロロプレンゴム、ブチルゴム、ニトリルゴム、エチレン・プロピレンゴム、クロロスルホン化ポリエチレンゴム、アクリルゴム、ウレタンゴム、シリコーンゴム、フッ素ゴム、多硫化ゴム等の各種ゴム材料、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ABS樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタラート、フェノール樹脂等の樹脂材料が挙げられる。このような材質は、単独で使用してもよいし、複合材料として使用してもよい。また、弾性部は、熱消失性フィラーの含有量ができるだけ少ないことが好ましく、熱消失性フィラーをほとんど含まないことがより好ましい。
本発明のセル間スペーサが弾性部を有する場合、本発明のセル間スペーサに用いられる保持部は、熱消失性フィラーを含むことが好ましい。熱消失性フィラーの例としては、上述のものが挙げられる。この場合、加熱により熱消失性フィラーが消失しても、弾性部によってセル間距離が保たれるので、保持部中の熱消失性フィラーの含有割合を高くすることができる。この場合において、保持部の体積に対する熱消失性フィラーが占める体積の割合は、例えば50%以上、好ましくは60%以上、より好ましくは70%以上であってもよく、例えば99%以下、好ましくは95%以下、より好ましくは90%以下であってもよい。
本発明のセル間スペーサの構造例を、実施形態1、2、2-1~2-5、3~12(図3~6、表1)に示す。セル間スペーサ中の耐熱性抗圧縮部の数は特に限定されず、1以上であればよく、2以上が好ましい。
このうち、両方のセルが連続した保持部に接触している構造(実施形態2、2-1~2-5、3、4、5)では、未加熱状態の温度において、保持部を介した熱伝導によりバッテリーモジュール中のセル同士の温度を均一化することができる。
また、両方のセルが連続した保持部に接触していない構造(実施形態6~9)および本発明のセル間スペーサが保持部を有さない構造(実施形態1、10~12)では、セル間に空隙を有するので、セル間空冷またはセル間水冷を用いたセルの温度安定化が可能となる。
本発明のバッテリーモジュールは、複数の電池セルを有し、隣接する電池セル間に本発明のセル間スペーサを配置してなる。
<熱抵抗の測定方法>
熱抵抗[K・cm2/W]は、ASTM D5470の規格に従って測定した。具体的には、測定装置(TIM tester1300)を用いて、試料(φ33mm)を冷却プレート上に置き、ヒーターで加熱し、ヒーター温度T1[℃]、冷却プレート温度T2[℃]、熱流Q[W]、試料面積S[cm2]から、熱抵抗Rt[K・cm2/W]を下記式より計算した。
Rt=(T1-T2)×S/Q
ポリアクリル酸水溶液、窒化ホウ素フィラー(D50=50μm)、メラミンフィラー(D50=2μm)を固形分がポリアクリル酸:窒化ホウ素:メラミン=5:4:1になるようにプラネタリミキサーで混錬し、水分散液を作製した。アルミ板(φ33mm×厚み3mm)をテフロン(登録商標)シャーレに入れ、その上に水分散液を加えて、ジルコニアボール(φ3mm)を重ならないように加えた。水分散液の量は乾燥後厚みがジルコニアボール直径の1.0倍~1.2倍の範囲となるように調整した。乾燥後、アルミ板に重なる部分以外の樹脂フィラー混合物シートを除去し、アルミ板と樹脂の複合材を得た。複合材の上部にアルミ板(φ33mm×厚み3mm)をかぶせ、5Mpaでプレスし、両側をアルミ板に挟まれたアルミ板-セル間スペーササンプルの複合体を得た。
熱抵抗変化率を下記の通り算出した。
熱抵抗変化率 = 熱抵抗(加熱後)/熱抵抗(加熱前)
また、加熱後のスペーサ距離を5MPa加圧下におけるアルミ板間の距離として測定した。そして、加熱後のセル間距離について、下記の通り評価した。
○:加熱後距離が加熱前の50%以上、×:加熱後距離が加熱前の50%未満
ジルコニアボール(φ3mm)を加えなかった以外は、実施例1と同じ方法で、アルミ板-サンプルの複合体を得た。
(2-1)カルボキシル基含有高飽和ニトリルゴム(a1)の作製
反応器に、イオン交換水220部、濃度10%のドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム水溶液5部、アクリロニトリル37部、マレイン酸モノn-ブチル4部、およびt-ドデシルメルカプタン(分子量調整剤)0.75部の順に仕込み、内部の気体を窒素で3回置換した後、1,3-ブタジエン57部を仕込んだ。そして、反応器を10℃に保ち、クメンハイドロパーオキサイド(重合開始剤)0.06部、還元剤、およびキレート剤適量を仕込み、攪拌しながら重合反応を継続し、重合転化率が40%、および60%になった時点で、それぞれ1部のマレイン酸モノn-ブチルを添加し、重合転化率が85%になった時点で、濃度10重量%のハイドロキノン水溶液(重合停止剤)0.1部を加えて重合反応を停止した。次いで、水温60℃で残留単量体を除去し、ニトリルゴムのラテックス(固形分濃度30重量%)を得た。
そして、上記にて得られたニトリルゴムのラテックスに含有されるゴムの乾燥重量に対するパラジウム含有量が1,000ppmになるように、オートクレーブ中に、ニトリルゴムのラテックスおよびパラジウム触媒(1重量%酢酸パラジウムアセトン溶液と等重量のイオン交換水を混合した溶液)を添加して、水素圧3MPa、温度50℃で6時間水素添加反応を行い、カルボキシル基含有高飽和ニトリルゴム(a1)のラテックスを得た。
得られたカルボキシル基含有高飽和ニトリルゴム(a1)のラテックスに2倍容量のメタノールを加えて凝固した後、60℃で12時間真空乾燥することにより、カルボキシル基含有高飽和ニトリルゴム(a1)を得た。得られたカルボキシル基含有高飽和ニトリルゴム(a1)は、カルボキシル基含有量が0.030ephr、ヨウ素価が9、ポリマー・ムーニー粘度〔ML1+4、100℃〕が44であった。また、得られたカルボキシル基含有高飽和ニトリルゴム(a1)は、アクリロニトリル単位35.7重量%、ブタジエン単位(水素化されている部分含む)58.6重量%、マレイン酸モノn-ブチル単位5.7重量%であった。
バンバリーミキサを用いて、カルボキシル基含有高飽和ニトリルゴム(a1)、100部に、FEFカーボン(東海カーボン社製、商品名「シーストSO」)40部、トリメリット酸トリ-2-エチルヘキシル(ADEKA社製、商品名「アデカサイザーC-8」、可塑剤)5部、4,4’-ジ-(α,α-ジメチルベンジル)ジフェニルアミン(大内新興化学社製、商品名「ノクラックCD」、老化防止剤)1.5部、ステアリン酸1部、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテルリン酸エステル(東邦化学工業社製、商品名「フォスファノールRL210」、加工助剤)1部を添加して、50℃で5分間混合した。次いで、得られた混合物を50℃のロールに移して、1,8-ジアザビシクロ[5,4,0]-ウンデセン-7(DBU)(RheinChemie社製、商品名「RHENOGRANXLA-60(GE2014)」、DBU60%(ジンクジアルキルジフォスフェイト塩になっている部分も含む)、塩基性架橋促進剤)4部、ヘキサメチレンジアミンカルバメート(デュポンダウエラストマー社製、商品名「Diak#1」、脂肪族多価アミン類に属するポリアミン架橋剤)2.4部を配合して、混練することにより、ニトリルゴム組成物を得た。そして、上述した方法により、上記にて調製したニトリルゴム組成物を用いてゴム架橋物を得た。上記架橋物を成型、加熱架橋し、1mmの厚みのゴムシートを得た。
ポリアクリル酸水溶液、メラミンフィラー(D50=2μm)、を固形分がポリアクリル酸:メラミン=1:7になるようにプラネタリミキサーで混錬し、その後、固形分がポリアクリル酸:アルミナ=1:2となるようにジルコニアボール(D50=0.8mm)を加えて手混合し、水分散液を作製した。アルミ板(φ33mm×厚み3mm)をテフロン(登録商標)シャーレに入れ、その上に乾燥プレス後の厚みが1mmとなるように水分散液を加えて、乾燥後、アルミ板に重なる部分以外の樹脂フィラー混合物シートを除去し、アルミ板と樹脂の複合材を得た。上記の複合材を二枚作製した。
複合材2枚の間に用意したゴムシート(厚み1mm)を挟み、5MPaでプレスし、両側をアルミ板に挟まれたアルミ板-セル間スペーササンプルの複合体を得た。
熱抵抗変化率を下記の通り算出した。
熱抵抗変化率 = 熱抵抗(加熱後)/熱抵抗(加熱前)
また、加熱後のスペーサ距離を5MPa加圧下におけるアルミ板間の距離として測定した。そして、加熱後のセル間距離について、下記の通り評価した。
○:加熱後距離が加熱前の50%以上、×:加熱後距離が加熱前の50%未満
また、本発明によれば、異常高温時に内部でセルが膨張した場合であってもセル間距離を保つことが可能なバッテリーモジュールを提供することができる。
Claims (23)
- 互いに隣接する電池セル間に配置されるセル間スペーサであって、
前記電池セルが隣接する方向のヤング率が温度300℃において10MPa以上である耐熱性抗圧縮部を有する、セル間スペーサ。 - 前記耐熱性抗圧縮部が、ポリイミド樹脂、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、アルミナ、ジルコニア、ベーマイト(AlOOH)、ギブサイト(Al(OH)3)、酸化ケイ素、酸化マグネシウム(マグネシア)、酸化カルシウム、酸化チタン(チタニア)、チタン酸バリウム、アルミナ-シリカ複合酸化物、窒化アルミニウム、窒化ホウ素、シリコン、ダイヤモンド、硫酸バリウム、フッ化カルシウム、フッ化バリウム、カオリナイト、モンモリロナイト、ベントナイト、マイカ、および長石からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種よりなる、請求項1に記載のセル間スペーサ。
- 前記耐熱性抗圧縮部は、前記電池セルが隣接する方向の体積抵抗率が1×103Ω・cm以上である、請求項1または2に記載のセル間スペーサ。
- 前記耐熱性抗圧縮部は、前記電池セルが隣接する方向の熱伝導率が100W/m・K以下である、請求項1~3の何れかに記載のセル間スペーサ。
- 前記耐熱性抗圧縮部の少なくとも一部を覆う保持部を更に有する、請求項1~4の何れかに記載のセル間スペーサ。
- 前記保持部の熱伝導率が前記耐熱性抗圧縮部の熱伝導率よりも大きい、請求項5に記載のセル間スペーサ。
- 前記保持部は、前記電池セルと接触する面間に亘って延在する部分を有する、請求項5または6に記載のセル間スペーサ。
- 前記耐熱性抗圧縮部が前記保持部内に埋設されている、請求項5~7の何れかに記載のセル間スペーサ。
- 前記電池セルと接触する面の少なくとも一方が、前記耐熱性抗圧縮部と前記保持部とで構成されている、請求項5~7の何れかに記載のセル間スペーサ。
- 前記電池セルと接触する面の両方が、前記耐熱性抗圧縮部と前記保持部とで構成されている、請求項9に記載のセル間スペーサ。
- 前記耐熱性抗圧縮部の前記電池セルが隣接する方向の寸法が、前記保持部の前記電池セルが隣接する方向の寸法よりも大きい、請求項5または6に記載のセル間スペーサ。
- 前記保持部は、加熱により熱伝導率が不可逆的に低下する部材を含む、請求項5~11の何れかに記載のセル間スペーサ。
- 前記保持部は、温度300℃に加熱した際の熱伝導率が、未加熱状態の温度25℃における熱伝導率の0.1倍以下である、請求項12に記載のセル間スペーサ。
- 前記保持部は、加熱により密度が低下する部材を含む、請求項12または13に記載のセル間スペーサ。
- 加熱により密度が低下する部材が、熱消失性フィラーである、請求項14に記載のセル間スペーサ。
- 前記保持部は、加熱により収縮する部材を含む、請求項5~11の何れかに記載のセル間スペーサ。
- 加熱により収縮する部材が、エラストマー高分子である、請求項16に記載のセル間スペーサ。
- 弾性部を更に有する、請求項5~17の何れかに記載のセル間スペーサ。
- 温度25℃において、前記弾性部のヤング率が、前記耐熱性抗圧部のヤング率よりも小さい、請求項18に記載のセル間スペーサ。
- 前記耐熱性抗圧縮部および前記保持部が、前記弾性部の表面側に配置される、請求項18または19に記載のセル間スペーサ。
- 前記保持部が、熱消失性フィラーを含み、前記保持部の体積に対する前記熱消失性フィラーが占める体積の割合が、50%以上である、請求項18~20の何れかに記載のセル間スペーサ。
- 複数の電池セルを有し、
隣接する電池セル間に請求項1~21の何れかに記載のセル間スペーサを配置してなる、バッテリーモジュール。 - 前記電池セルが隣接する方向の前記耐熱性抗圧縮部の寸法が、前記電池セル間の距離の50%以上である、請求項22に記載のバッテリーモジュール。
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| JP7410635B2 (ja) | 2018-01-30 | 2024-01-10 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 熱膨張性耐火樹脂組成物、熱膨張性耐火シート及び該熱膨張性耐火シートを備えたバッテリーセル |
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2020
- 2020-12-28 KR KR1020227027635A patent/KR20220145336A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-12-28 EP EP20921958.3A patent/EP4113714A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-12-28 JP JP2022503126A patent/JPWO2021171782A1/ja active Pending
- 2020-12-28 US US17/904,289 patent/US20230081610A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2020-12-28 WO PCT/JP2020/049254 patent/WO2021171782A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2020-12-28 CN CN202080093765.8A patent/CN114982049A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114982049A (zh) | 2022-08-30 |
| KR20220145336A (ko) | 2022-10-28 |
| US20230081610A1 (en) | 2023-03-16 |
| EP4113714A1 (en) | 2023-01-04 |
| EP4113714A4 (en) | 2024-09-18 |
| JPWO2021171782A1 (ja) | 2021-09-02 |
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