[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2021160705A1 - Dispositif à cristaux liquides - Google Patents

Dispositif à cristaux liquides Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2021160705A1
WO2021160705A1 PCT/EP2021/053262 EP2021053262W WO2021160705A1 WO 2021160705 A1 WO2021160705 A1 WO 2021160705A1 EP 2021053262 W EP2021053262 W EP 2021053262W WO 2021160705 A1 WO2021160705 A1 WO 2021160705A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
denotes
atoms
independently
another
alkyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2021/053262
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Izumi Saito
Simon SIEMIANOWSKI
Benjamin Snow
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merck Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Merck Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merck Patent GmbH filed Critical Merck Patent GmbH
Priority to DE112021001011.5T priority Critical patent/DE112021001011T5/de
Publication of WO2021160705A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021160705A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/13775—Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K2019/0444—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group
    • C09K2019/0448—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group the end chain group being a polymerizable end group, e.g. -Sp-P or acrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
    • C09K19/12—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings at least two benzene rings directly linked, e.g. biphenyls
    • C09K2019/121—Compounds containing phenylene-1,4-diyl (-Ph-)
    • C09K2019/122—Ph-Ph
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
    • C09K19/12—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings at least two benzene rings directly linked, e.g. biphenyls
    • C09K2019/121—Compounds containing phenylene-1,4-diyl (-Ph-)
    • C09K2019/123—Ph-Ph-Ph
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
    • C09K19/12—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings at least two benzene rings directly linked, e.g. biphenyls
    • C09K2019/121—Compounds containing phenylene-1,4-diyl (-Ph-)
    • C09K2019/124—Ph-Ph-Ph-Ph
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
    • C09K2019/3004—Cy-Cy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
    • C09K2019/3009—Cy-Ph
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
    • C09K2019/301—Cy-Cy-Ph
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
    • C09K2019/3016—Cy-Ph-Ph
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
    • C09K2019/3027—Compounds comprising 1,4-cyclohexylene and 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133526—Lenses, e.g. microlenses or Fresnel lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a liquid crystal device comprising at least two opposing transparent substrates, at least one liquid crystal switching layer sandwiched between said opposing substrates comprising one or more self-alignment additives for vertical alignment, and one or more nematogenic compounds, an electrode structure provided on one or both of the opposing substrates, characterized in that one or more of said substrates corresponds to an optical grating or a lens structure or said substrates are additionally provided with an optical grating or a lens structure adjacent to the LC switching layer.
  • the invention is further related to a method of production of said Liquid Crystal device, to the use of said Liquid Crystal device in various types of optical and electro-optical devices, and to electro-optical devices comprising the Liquid Crystal device
  • LiDAR light detection and ranging
  • displays can map landscapes in a three-dimensional (3D) space and serves as an enabling technology for space station navigation, telescope docking, and autonomous cars, drones, and underwater vehicles.
  • 3D three-dimensional
  • Mechanical and non- mechanical beam controls include scanning/rotating mirrors, rotating prisms, piezo actuators, and micro- electromechanical system (MEMS) mirrors.
  • MEMS micro- electromechanical system
  • non- mechanical options include acousto-optic and electro-optic deflectors, electro-wetting, and liquid crystal (LC) technologies, to name a few.
  • traditional mechanical beam steering devices are reasonably robust, some technical issues remain to be overcome, such as relatively short lifetimes, heavy weight, large power consumption, and high cost.
  • recently-developed mechanical and non-mechanical beam steerers show promise for resolving these shortcomings.
  • LC-based beam steerers can be lightweight, compact, consume low amounts of power, and inexpensive.
  • LCs are self-assembled soft materials, consisting of certain anisotropic molecules with orientational orders. They can respond to various external stimuli, including heat, electric and magnetic fields, and light. For instance, in the presence of an electric field, LC directors can be re-oriented, due to both the optical and dielectric anisotropies of the LC molecules, resulting in refractive index modulation (bi-refringence).
  • LC spatial light modulators SLMs
  • OPAs LC optical phased arrays
  • LC-based beam steerers such as compound prisms, resistive electrodes, LC-cladding waveguides, Pancharatnam-Berry phase deflectors, and LC volume gratings, have also emerged, exhibiting great potential for new applications.
  • Optical beam steering or beam focussing devices based on liquid crystals are, for example, described in US 2002/003601 A1, US 2007/0182915 A1 or US 2019/0318706 A1.
  • US 2002/003601 A1 discloses a system of beam steering using electrical operation comprising a grating and a liquid crystal material.
  • US 2007/0182915 A1 discloses a liquid crystal diffraction lens element and an optical head device, which can switch focal lengths of both of outgoing light and returning light by a single element.
  • US 2019/0318706 A1 discloses a display apparatus including an electronic display having a pixel array configured to display a sequence of subframes, and an image shifting electro-optic device that is operable to shift at least a portion of an image of the display pixel array synchronously with displaying the sequence of subframes, so as to form a sequence of offset subframe images for providing an enhanced image resolution a pixel correction in a compound image.
  • the image shifting electro-optic device may include a polarization switch in series with a polarization grating for shifting image pixels between offset image positions in coordination with displaying consecutive subframes.
  • optical beam steering or beam focussing devices all require an alignment layer, such as polyimide, in order to initially align the liquid crystal bulk in the required orientation.
  • an alignment layer such as polyimide
  • Rubbed polyimide has been used for a long time to align liquid crystals.
  • the rubbing process causes a number of problems: mura, contamination, problems with static discharge, debris, etc.
  • the polyimide layers are usually annealed at higher temperatures, and consequently not all substrate materials or substrate stacks can be utilized due to their sensitivity for higher temperatures.
  • Another aspect is that traditional alignment methods, such as rubbed polyimide layers, cannot provide suitable alignment when surface features of substrates are too deep or too highly structured.
  • Photoalignment is a technology for achieving liquid crystal (LC) alignment that avoids rubbing by replacing it with a light-induced orientational ordering of the alignment surface. This can be achieved through the mechanisms of photodecomposition, photodimerization, and photoisomerization (N.A. Clark et al. Langmuir 2010, 26(22), 17482- 17488, and literature cited therein) by means of polarised light.
  • LC liquid crystal
  • photoisomerization N.A. Clark et al. Langmuir 2010, 26(22), 17482- 17488, and literature cited therein
  • a suitably derivatised polyimide layer is required that comprises the photoreactive group.
  • substrates with a uniform surface anchoring energy and/or a uniform surface in terms of potential reliefs and/or surface treatments are needed. Consequently, a further improvement would be to avoid the use of polyimide at all.
  • VA displays this was achieved by adding a self-alignment agent to the LC that induces homeotropic alignment in situ by a self-assembling mechanism as disclosed in WO 2012/104008 and WO 2012/038026.
  • optical beam steering devices or optical beam focusing devices utilize often structured or non-uniform substrates such as gratings or lens structures or even plastic substrates that are not compatible with the baking process of a polyimide (PI) layer.
  • PI polyimide
  • optical beam steering devices or optical beam focusing devices that do not utilize an extra alignment layer or that that do not require PI processing onto individual substrates and therefore relying on the surface being flat.
  • a liquid crystal device comprising at least two opposing transparent substrates, at least one liquid crystal switching layer sandwiched between said opposing substrates comprising one or more self-alignment additives for vertical alignment and one or more nematogenic compounds, an electrode structure provided on one or both of the opposing substrates, characterized in that one or more of said substrates correspond to an optical grating or a lens structure or said substrates are additionally provided with an optical grating or a lens structure adjacent to the LC switching layer.
  • mesogenic group as used herein is known to the person skilled in the art and described in the literature, and means a group which, due to the anisotropy of its attracting and repelling interactions, essentially contributes to causing a liquid-crystal (LC) phase in low-molecular-weight or polymeric substances.
  • Compounds containing mesogenic groups do not necessarily have to have an LC phase themselves. It is also possible for mesogenic compounds to exhibit LC phase behaviour only after mixing with other compounds and/or after polymerisation. Typical mesogenic groups are, for example, rigid rod- or disc-shaped units.
  • linearly polarised light means light, which is at least partially linearly polarized.
  • the aligning light is linearly polarized with a degree of polarization of more than 5:1. Wavelengths, intensity and energy of the linearly polarised light are chosen depending on the photosensitivity of the photoalignable material.
  • the wavelengths are in the UV-A, UV-B and/or UV-C range or in the visible range.
  • the light comprises light of wavelengths less than 450 nm, more preferably less than 420 nm at the same time the linearly polarised light preferably comprises light of wavelengths longer than 280nm, preferably more than 320nm, more preferably over 350nm.
  • organic group denotes a carbon or hydrocarbon group.
  • carbon group denotes a mono- or polyvalent organic group containing at least one carbon atom, where this either contains no further atoms (such as, for example, -C ⁇ C-) or optionally contains one or more further atoms, such as, for example, N, O, S, P, Si, Se, As, Te or Ge (for example carbonyl, etc.).
  • hydrocarbon group denotes a carbon group which additionally contains one or more H atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms, such as, for example, N, O, S, P, Si, Se, As, Te or
  • Halogen denotes F, Cl, Br or I.
  • a carbon or hydrocarbon group can be a saturated or unsaturated group. Unsaturated groups are, for example, aryl, alkenyl or alkynyl groups.
  • a carbon or hydrocarbon radical having 3 or more atoms can be straight- chain, branched and/or cyclic and may also contain spiro links or con- densed rings.
  • alkyl also encompass polyvalent groups, for example alkylene, arylene, heteroarylene, etc.
  • aryl denotes an aromatic carbon group or a group derived therefrom.
  • heteroaryl denotes “aryl” as defined above, contain- ing one or more heteroatoms.
  • Preferred carbon and hydrocarbon groups are optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy and alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 25, particularly pref- erably 1 to 18, C atoms, optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy having 6 to 40, preferably 6 to 25, C atoms, or optionally substituted alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryloxy, arylalkyloxy, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxy and aryloxycarbonyloxy having 6 to 40, preferably 6 to 25, C atoms.
  • carbon and hydrocarbon groups are C 1 -C 40 alkyl, C 2 -C 40 alkenyl, C 2 -C 40 alkynyl, C 3 -C 40 allyl, C 4 -C 40 alkyldienyl, C 4 -C 40 polyenyl, C 6 - C 40 aryl, C 6 -C 40 alkylaryl, C 6 -C 40 arylalkyl, C 6 -C 40 alkylaryloxy, C 6 -C 40 aryl- alkyloxy, C 2 -C 40 heteroaryl, C 4 -C 40 cycloalkyl, C 4 -C 40 cycloalkenyl, etc.
  • C 1 -C 22 alkyl Particular preference is given to C 1 -C 22 alkyl, C 2 -C 22 alkenyl, C 2 -C 22 alkynyl, C 3 -C 22 allyl, C 4 -C 22 alkyldienyl, C 6 -C12 aryl, C 6 -C 20 arylalkyl and C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl.
  • R z preferably denotes H, halogen, a straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl chain having 1 to 25 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more non- adjacent C atoms may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO- or -O-CO-O- and in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by fluorine, an optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy group having 6 to 40 C atoms, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl or heteroaryloxy group having 2 to 40 C atoms.
  • Preferred alkyl groups are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, s-pentyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, trifluoromethyl, perfluoro-n-butyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, perfluorooctyl and perfluorohexyl.
  • Preferred alkenyl groups are, for example, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, cyclopentenyl, hexenyl, cyclohexenyl, heptenyl, cycloheptenyl, octenyl and cyclooctenyl.
  • Preferred alkynyl groups are, for example, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl and octynyl.
  • Preferred alkoxy groups are, for example, m ethoxy, ethoxy, 2-m ethoxy- ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexoxy, n-heptoxy, n-octoxy, n-nonoxy, n-decoxy, n-undecoxy and n-dodecoxy.
  • Preferred amino groups are, for example, dimethylamino, methylamino, methylphenylamino and phenylamino.
  • Aryl and heteroaryl groups can be monocyclic or polycyclic, i.e. they can contain one ring (such as, for example, phenyl) or two or more rings, which may also be fused (such as, for example, naphthyl) or covalently bonded (such as, for example, biphenyl), or contain a combination of fused and linked rings.
  • Heteroaryl groups contain one or more heteroatoms, pref- erably selected from O, N, S and Se.
  • a ring system of this type may also contain individual non-conjugated units, as is the case, for example, in the fluorene basic structure.
  • aryl groups having 6 to 25 C atoms and mono-, bi- or tricyclic heteroaryl groups having 2 to 25 C atoms, which optionally contain fused rings and are optionally substituted.
  • Preferred aryl groups are derived, for example, from the parent structures benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, [1 ,1':3',1"]terphenyl, naphthalene, anthra- cene, binaphthyl, phenanthrene, pyrene, dihydropyrene, chrysene, perylene, tetracene, pentacene, benzopyrene, fluorene, indene, indenofluorene, spirobifluorene, etc.
  • Preferred heteroaryl groups are, for example, 5-mem bered rings, such as pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, 1 ,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole, furan, thiophene, selenophene, oxazole, isoxazole, 1 ,2-thiazole, 1 ,3-thiazole,
  • the (non-aromatic) alicyclic and heterocyclic groups encompass both saturated rings, i.e. those containing exclusively single bonds, and also partially unsaturated rings, i.e. those which may also contain multiple bonds.
  • Heterocyclic rings contain one or more heteroatoms, preferably selected from Si, O, N, S and Se.
  • the (non-aromatic) alicyclic and heterocyclic groups can be monocyclic, i.e. contain only one ring (such as, for example, cyclohexane), or poly- cyclic, i.e. contain a plurality of rings (such as, for example, decahydro- naphthalene or bicyclooctane). Particular preference is given to saturated groups. Preference is furthermore given to mono-, bi- or tricyclic groups having 3 to 25 C atoms, which optionally contain fused rings and are optionally substituted.
  • Preferred alicyclic and heterocyclic groups are, for example, 5-mem bered groups, such as cyclopentane, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiofuran, pyrroli- dine, 6-mem bered groups, such as cyclohexane, silinane, cyclohexene, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrothiopyran, 1 ,3-dioxane, 1 ,3-dithiane, piperidine, 7-mem bered groups, such as cycloheptane, and fused groups, such as tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene, indane, bicyclo[1.1.1]- pentane-1 ,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1 ,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, octa
  • the aryl, heteroaryl, carbon and hydrocarbon radicals optionally have one or more substituents, which are preferably selected from the group com- prising silyl, sulfo, sulfonyl, formyl, amine, imine, nitrile, mercapto, nitre, halogen, C 1-12 alkyl, C 6-12 aryl, C 1-12 alkoxy, hydroxyl, or combinations of these groups.
  • Preferred substituents are, for example, solubility-promoting groups, such as alkyl or alkoxy, and electron-withdrawing groups, such as fluorine, nitro or nitrile.
  • Substituted silyl or aryl preferably means substituted by halogen, -CN, R y1 , -OR y1 , -CO-R y1 , -CO-O-R y1 , -O-CO-R y1 or -O-CO-O-R y1 , in which R y1 has the meaning indicated above.
  • substituents L are, for example, F, Cl, CN, CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , -CH(CH 3 ) 2 , OCH 3 , OC 2 H 5 , CF 3 , O CF 3 , OCHF 2 , OC 2 F5, furthermore phenyl.
  • halogen denotes F, Cl, Br or I.
  • alkyl also encompass polyvalent groups, for example alkylene, arylene, heteroarylene, etc.
  • polymerizable groups (P) are groups that are suitable for a polymerisation reaction, such as, for example, free-radical or ionic chain polymerisation, polyaddition or polycondensation, or for a polymer-analogous reaction, for example addition or condensation onto a main polymer chain.
  • Preferred groups P are selected from the group consisting of
  • Very particularly preferred groups P are selected from the group consisting of acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, furthermore vinyloxy, chloroacry- late, oxetane, epoxide groups.
  • director is known in prior art and means the preferred orientation direction of the long molecular axes (in case of calamitic compounds) or short molecular axes (in case of discotic compounds) of the liquid-crystalline molecules. In case of uniaxial ordering of such anisotropic molecules, the director is the axis of anisotropy.
  • alignment or “orientation” relates to alignment (orientation ordering) of anisotropic units of material such as small molecules or fragments of big molecules in a common direction named “alignment direction”.
  • alignment direction In an aligned layer of liquid-crystalline material, the liquid- crystalline director coincides with the alignment direction so that the alignment direction corresponds to the direction of the anisotropy axis of the material.
  • planar orientation/alignment for example in a layer of an liquid- crystalline material, means that the long molecular axes (in case of calamitic compounds) or the short molecular axes (in case of discotic compounds) of a proportion of the liquid-crystalline molecules are oriented substantially parallel (about 180°) to the plane of the layer.
  • the term "homeotropic orientation/alignment”, for example in a layer of a liquid-crystalline material, means that the long molecular axes (in case of calamitic compounds) or the short molecular axes (in case of discotic compounds) of a proportion of the liquid-crystalline molecules are oriented at an angle ⁇ ("tilt angle") between about 80° to 90° relative to the plane of the layer.
  • the terms "uniform orientation” or “uniform alignment” of an liquid- crystalline material, for example in a layer of the material mean that the long molecular axes (in case of calamitic compounds) or the short molecular axes (in case of discotic compounds) of the liquid-crystalline molecules are oriented substantially in the same direction. In other words, the lines of liquid-crystalline director are parallel.
  • the wavelength of light generally referred to in this application is 550 nm, unless explicitly specified otherwise.
  • the extraordinary refractive index n e and the ordinary refractive index n 0 can be measured using an Abbe refractometer.
  • dielectrically positive is used for compounds or components with ⁇ > 3.0, “dielectrically neutral” with -1 .5 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 3.0 and “dielectrically negative” with ⁇ ⁇ -1 .5.
  • ⁇ is determined at a frequency of 1 kHz and at 20°C.
  • the dielectric anisotropy of the respective compound is determined from the results of a solution of 10 % of the respective individual compound in a nematic host mixture. In case the solubility of the respective compound in the host medium is less than 10 % its concentration is reduced by a factor of 2 until the resultant medium is stable enough at least to allow the determination of its properties.
  • the concentration is kept at least at 5 %, however, to keep the significance of the results as high as possible.
  • the capacitance of the test mixtures are determined both in a cell with homeotropic and with homogeneous alignment.
  • the cell gap of both types of cells is approximately 20 ⁇ m.
  • the voltage applied is a rectangular wave with a frequency of 1 kHz and a root mean square value typically of 0.5 V to 1.0 V; however, it is always selected to be below the capacitive threshold of the respective test mixture.
  • ⁇ is defined as ( ⁇
  • the dielectric permittivity of the compounds is determined from the change of the respective values of a host medium upon addition of the compounds of interest. The values are extrapolated to a concentration of the compounds of interest of 100 %.
  • a typical host medium is ZLI-4792 or ZLI-2857 both commercially available from Merck, Darmstadt.
  • trans-1 ,4-cyclohexylene denote 1 ,4-phenylene.
  • the invention relates to a LC device comprising at least two opposing transparent substrates, a LC switching layer sandwiched between said opposing substrates comprising one or more self-alignment additives for vertical alignment and one or more nematogenic compounds, an electrode structure provided on one or both of the opposing substrates, characterized in that one or more of said substrates correspond to an optical grating or a lens structure or said substrates are additionally provided with an optical grating or a lens structure adjacent to the LC switching layer.
  • the utilized substrates are substantially transparent.
  • Transparent materials suitable for the purpose of the present invention are commonly known by the skilled person.
  • the substrates may consist, inter alia, each and independently from another of a polymeric material, of metal oxide, for example ITO and of glass or quartz plates, preferably each and independently of another of glass and/or ITO, in particular glass/glass.
  • Suitable and preferred polymeric substrates are for example films of cycle olefin polymer (COP), cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), polyester such as polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) or polyethylene-naphthalate (PEN), polyvinylalcohol (PVA), polycarbonate (PC) or triacetylcellulose (TAG), very preferably PET or TAG films.
  • PET films are commercially available for example from DuPont Teijin Films under the trade name Melinex ®.
  • COP films are commercially available for example from ZEON Chemicals L.P. under the trade name Zeonor ® or Zeonex ®.
  • COC films are commercially available for example from TOPAS Advanced Polymers Inc. under the trade name Topas ®.
  • the substrates can be kept at a defined separation from one another by, for example, spacers, in particular printed spacers, or projecting structures in the layer.
  • spacers are commonly known to the expert and are selected, for example, from plastic, silica, epoxy resins, etc.
  • the substrates are arranged with a maximum separation in the range from approximately 1 ⁇ m to approximately 100 ⁇ m from one another, preferably in the range from approximately 1 ⁇ m to approximately 75 ⁇ m from one another, and more preferably in the range from approximately 1 ⁇ m to approximately 50 ⁇ m from one another.
  • the LC switching layer is thereby located in the interspace.
  • the invention relates to a device as described above and below, wherein the maximum thickness of the LC switching layer is in the range from approximately 1 ⁇ m to approximately 100 ⁇ m from one another, preferably in the range from approximately 1 ⁇ m to approximately 75 ⁇ m from one another, and more preferably in the range from approximately 1 ⁇ m to approximately 50 ⁇ m from one another.
  • the light modulation element in accordance with the present invention comprises an electrode structure capable of electrically switching the LC switching layer.
  • the electrodes are provided on each the opposing substrates, in order to allow the application of an electric field, which is substantially perpendicular to the substrates or the LC Switching layer.
  • the electrode structure is provided on each of the opposing substrates as an electrode layer, it has to be understood that the present invention refers to any kind of electrode configurations suitable for generating an electric field substantially perpendicular to a surface of the substrate mentioned above, such as electrode structures commonly known for the VA mode, or even ITO doped substrate materials.
  • the light modulation element comprises at least one dielectric layer, which is provided on the electrode structure.
  • the light modulation element comprises at least two dielectric layers, which are provided on the opposing electrode structures.
  • Suitable transparent electrode materials are commonly known to the expert, as for example electrode structures made of metal or metal oxides, such as, for example transparent indium tin oxide (ITO), which is preferred according to the present invention.
  • ITO transparent indium tin oxide
  • Thin films of ITO are commonly deposited on substrates by physical vapour deposition, electron beam evaporation, or sputter deposition techniques.
  • Typical dielectric layer materials are commonly known to the expert, such as, for example, Si Ox, SiNx, Cytop, Teflon, and PMMA.
  • the dielectric layer materials can be applied by conventional coating techniques like spin coating, roll-coating, blade coating, or vacuum deposition such as PVD or CVD. It can also be applied to the substrate or electrode layer by conventional printing techniques which are known to the expert, like for example screen printing, offset printing, reel-to-reel printing, letter press printing, gravure printing, rotogravure printing, flexographic printing, intaglio printing, pad printing, heat-seal printing, ink-jet printing or printing by means of a stamp or printing plate.
  • conventional coating techniques like spin coating, roll-coating, blade coating, or vacuum deposition such as PVD or CVD. It can also be applied to the substrate or electrode layer by conventional printing techniques which are known to the expert, like for example screen printing, offset printing, reel-to-reel printing, letter press printing, gravure printing, rotogravure printing, flexographic printing, intaglio printing, pad printing, heat-seal printing, ink-jet printing or printing by means of a stamp or printing plate.
  • one of the substrates includes a pixel electrode and a common electrode for generating an electric field substantially parallel to the surface of the first substrate.
  • Various kinds of displays having at least two electrodes on one substrate are known to the skilled person wherein the most significant difference is that either both the pixel electrode and the common electrode are structured, as it is typical for IPS displays, or only the pixel electrode is structured and the common electrode is unstructured, which is the case for FFS displays.
  • the present invention refers to any kind of electrode configurations suitable for generating an electric field substantially parallel to a surface of the substrate mentioned above, i.e. IPS as well as FFS displays.
  • the invention further relates to a device as described above and below, wherein the electrode structure is selected from interdigitated electrodes, IPS electrodes, FFS electrodes or comb like electrodes.
  • the invention further relates to a device as described above and below wherein one or more substrates, or one or more substrates including the electrode structure are provided with a plano-concave lens structure, or a plano-convex lens structure or a refractive Fresnel lens structure, or a diffractive Fresnel lens structure.
  • the present invention also refers to any kind of substrates or substrate arrays that can form itself a lens structure, e.g. flexible substrates that can form a lens structure after assembly of the cell, such as curved substrates.
  • Typical and preferred flexible substrate materials are PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PEN (polyethylene naphtalate), TAG (Triacetyl cellulose), PC (polycarbonate), PES (polyethersulfone), COG (Cyclo Olefin Copolymers) or COP Polyarylate.
  • the material the isotropic material of the lens structure is chosen to have one of the two possible refraction indices, i.e. no (the ordinary ray refractive index perpendicular to the axis of anisotropy), n e (the extraordinary ray refractive index parallel to the axis of anisotropy), and by choosing a certain light polarization and choosing negative or positive air focal distance of the isotropic material of the lens structure, a lens effect can be associated with the birefringent or optical anisotropic LC switching layer.
  • the LC switching layer is defined by its n 0 and n e values. It is a matter of routine skill to approximately match the appropriate refractive index (n 0 or n e ) of the LC switching layer with the refractive index of the isotropic material of the lens structure.
  • polystyrene resin e.g. polystyrene resin
  • polystyrene resin e.g. polystyrene resin
  • fluorinated polyimides n «1.52-1.54
  • the refractive index match is such that difference between the refractive index n e or n 0 of the LC switching layer and the refractive index of isotropic material of the lens structure (i.e. the error in the match) is smaller than 5%. More preferably, the error in the match is less than 2% or most preferably less than 1 %.
  • the invention further relates to a device as described above and below, characterized in that it is a beam focusing device.
  • the refractive index difference should be as large as possible, so that the device formed by the is as shallow as possible.
  • the general substrate stack such as the substrate as such, the electrode structure and the lens structure, of the device according to the invention is commonly known by the expert.
  • a substrate stack utilizing a Suitable Fresnel lens structures and corresponding substrate stacks are for example disclosed in US 2007/0182915 or GB201810565.
  • Plano-convex lenses UV Fused Silica; N-SF11 , lenses made of CaF2, MgF2, Si, BaF2, ZnSe, Ge, PTFE, THz Lenses, all available from Thorlabs, Germany;
  • Bi-Convex lenses such as N-BK7, UV Fused Silica, corresponding lenses made of CaF2, ZnSe; all available from Thorlabs, Germany;
  • Plano-concave lenses N-BK7, UV Fused Silica N-SF11 , corresponding lenses made of CaF2, or ZnSe, all available from Thorlabs, Germany; Bi-concave lenses, N-BK7 and N-SF11, corresponding lenses made of CaF2, or ZnSe, all available from Thorlabs, Germany.
  • the device according to the present invention is characterized in that one or more substrates are provided with a surface relief grating, a blazed grating, or a volume grating, or a Pancharatnam-Berry grating.
  • the general substrate stack, such as the substrate as such, the electrode structure and the grating structure, of the device according to the invention is commonly known by the expert.
  • Suitable grating structures or substrates are, in particular, commercially available, such as, for example
  • volume Bragg gratings LuxxMaster® VBG® available from PD-LD, Germany; or disclosed in, for example, WO 2016/ 019123 (Pancharatnam- Berry gratings or Bragg Polarization gratings)
  • the material of the grating structure is chosen to have one of the two possible refraction indices, i.e. no (the ordinary ray refractive index perpendicular to the axis of anisotropy), n e (the extraordinary ray refractive index parallel to the axis of anisotropy), and by choosing a certain light polarization and choosing negative or positive air focal distance of the isotropic material of the lens structure, a deflection or refraction of light effect can be associated with the birefringent or optical anisotropic LC switching layer.
  • the LC switching layer is defined by its n 0 and n e values. It is a matter of routine skill to approximately match the appropriate refractive index (n 0 or n e ) of the LC switching layer with the refractive index of the isotropic material of the grating structure.
  • transparent polymers e.g.
  • the refractive index match is such that difference between the refractive index n e or n 0 of the LC switching layer and the refractive index of isotropic material of the grating structure (i.e. the error in the match) is smaller than 5%. More preferably, the error in the match is less than 2% or most preferably less than 1 %.
  • the device can be operated in a binary mode. For example, when an electric field is present, the refractive indices of the grating and LC switching layer are different. Hence, a strong diffraction is produced by the refractive index/phase difference between the grating and LC switching layer when the voltage is in the off state.
  • the effective diffraction efficiency may be determined e.g. by the parameters of the (blazed) grating, such as grating depth, grating period, and (blaze) profile.
  • the refractive index of the liquid crystal is decreased.
  • index matching occurs between the grating material, and the LC switching layer.
  • the entire device can then be considered as an optically flat plate. Little or no diffraction occurs in this state.
  • the device can be viewed as an electrically controlled binary switch.
  • the incident beam can either be deflected when in the off state, or undeflected when in the on state.
  • the invention further relates to a device that is characterized in that it is a LC beam steering device.
  • the present invention further relates to a method of production of a device as described above or below, comprising one or more of the following steps: providing an electrode structure on one or more of the substrates, providing an optical grating or a lens structure on one or more substrates, assembling a cell, filling the cell with the LC medium comprising one or more self- alignment additives for vertical alignment and one or more nematogenic compounds, optionally curing the polymerizable compounds of the LC medium by irradiation with ultraviolet light or visible light having a wavelength of 450 nm or below.
  • self-alignment additive for vertical alignment refers to certain substances as disclosed in e.g. WO 2012/038026 and EP 2918658, WO 2016/015803 or WO 2017/045740.
  • a self-alignment additive can optionally have one, two or more polymerizable groups attached to its structure.
  • a self-alignment additive is preferably a molecular compound with two or more rings and a polar anchor group (e.g. -OH, -SH, -NH2), where the molecular compound can become part of a polymer in the process of its use, if it bears one, two or more polymerizable groups.
  • the term self-alignment additive refers to both, the molecular and any polymerized form of the additive, unless indicated otherwise.
  • the self-alignment additive for vertical alignment is preferably selected of formula I
  • MBS is a mesogenic group comprising one or more rings, which are connected directly or indirectly to each other, and optionally one or more polymerizable groups, which are connected to MBS directly or via a spacer, and
  • R A is a polar anchor group, preferably comprising at least one -OH,
  • R A is a group R a as defined more closely in the following, including definitions for formula la.
  • the polar anchor group R A is a linear or branched alkyl group with 1 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein any -CH 2 - is optionally replaced by -O-, -S-, -NR°- or -NH-, and which is substituted with one, two or three polar groups selected from -OH, -NH2 or -NR°H, wherein R° is alkyl with 1 to 10 carbon atoms. More preferably R A is a group R a as defined below.
  • the self-alignment additive for vertical alignment is preferably selected of formula la
  • a 1 , A 2 each, independently of one another, denote an aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic group, which may also contain fused rings, and which may also be mono- or polysubstituted by any of groups L and -Sp-
  • P denotes a polymerizable group
  • Sp denotes a spacer group or a single bond
  • R 00 in each case, independently of one another, denotes H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms,
  • R 1 independently of one another, denotes H, halogen, straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another and in which, in addition, in which one or more CH 2 -groups may be replaced by
  • one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl, or a group -Sp-P, and
  • R a denotes a polar anchor group having at least one group selected from -OH, -NH 2 , NHR 11 , -SH, C(O)OH and -CHO, where R 11 denotes alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms.
  • the anchor group R a or R A of the self-alignment additive is preferably defined as
  • R a an anchor group of the formula
  • B denotes a substituted or unsubstituted ring system or condensed ring system, preferably a ring system selected from benzene, pyridine, cyclohexane, dioxane or tetrahydropyran,
  • Y independently of one another, denotes -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -NR 11 - or a single bond, o denotes 0 or 1 , X 1 , independently of one another, denotes H, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, OH, NH 2 , NHR 11 , NR 11 2, -SH, OR 11 , C(O)OH, -CHO, where at least one group X 1 denotes a radical selected from -OH, -NH 2 , NHR 11 , -SH, C(O)OH and -CHO,
  • R 11 denotes alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms
  • Sp a , Sp c , Sp d each, independently of one another, denote a spacer group or a single bond
  • Sp b denotes a tri- or tetravalent group, preferably CH, N or
  • the compound of formula l/la optionally includes polymerizable compounds.
  • the “medium comprising a compound of formula I” refers to both, the medium comprising the compound of formula I and, alternatively, to the compound in its polymerized form in connection with the medium.
  • Z 1 and Z 2 preferably denote a single bond, -C 2 H 4 -, -CF 2 O- or -CH 2 O-.
  • Z 1 and Z 2 each independently denote a single bond.
  • L 1 and L 2 each independently preferably denote F or alkyl, preferably F, CH 3 , C 2 H 5 or C 3 H 7 .
  • a 1 preferably is a 1 ,4-phenylene ring, optionally substituted by one or two groups -Sp-P and/or one, two or more groups L.
  • Preferred compounds of the formula l/la are illustrated by the following sub-formulae l-A to l-M
  • R 1 , R a , A 2 , Z 1 , Z 2 , Sp, and P independently have the meanings as defined for formula la above,
  • L 1 , L 2 are independently defined as L in formula I above, and r1 , r2 independently are 0, 1 , 2, 3, or 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2.
  • r2 denotes 1 and/or r1 denotes 0.
  • the polymerizable group P preferably has the preferred meanings provided for P in formula I, most preferably methacrylate.
  • R 22 is H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, CH 2 CH 2 -tert- butyl or n-pentyl, and * denotes the point of attachment of the group, in particular
  • R 1 preferably denotes a straight-chain alkyl or branched alkyl radical having 1- 8 C atoms, preferably a straight-chain alkyl radical.
  • R 1 more preferably denotes CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , n-C 3 H 7 , n-C 4 H 9 , n-C 5 H 11 , n-C 6 H 13 or CH 2 CH(C 2 H 5 )C 4 H 9.
  • Particularly preferable R 1 denotes a straight chain alkyl residue, preferably C 5 H 11 .
  • Particularly preferred compounds of the formula I are selected from the compounds of the sub-formulae 1-1 to I-84,
  • L and L 3 are defined as L 2 and r1 , r2, r3, r4, r5 each independently denote 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1 , and specifically, in each case independently r1 preferably denotes 0, r2 preferably denotes 1 , r3 preferably denotes 1 , r4 preferably denotes 0 or 1 , and r5 preferably denotes 0 or 1 , particularly preferably 0.
  • the utilized mixtures very particularly contain at least one self-alignment additive selected from the following group of compounds of the sub- formulae of formula I:
  • R a denotes an anchor group as described above and below, one of its preferred meanings, or preferably a group of formula wherein R 22 is H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, CH 2 CH 2 -tert-butyl or n-pentyl, most preferably H, and R 1 has the meanings given in formula la above, preferably denotes a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably C 2 H 5 , n- C 3 H 7 , n-C 4 H 9 , n-C 5 H 11 , n-C 6 H 13 or n-C 7 H 15 , most preferably n-C 5 H 11 .
  • R 1 independently is defined as in formula I
  • L 1 and L 2 inde- pendently denote H or adopt a meaning of L as in formula I, and preferably independently
  • L 1 denotes H, -CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 3 , F or Cl, and
  • L 2 denotes H, -CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 3 , F or Cl.
  • Preferred utilized LC mixtures contain at least one compound of the formula I or its preferred formulae.
  • the compounds of the formula I can be prepared by methods known per se, which are described in standard works for organic chemistry as such, for example, Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, Thieme- Verlag, Stuttgart or like e.g. disclosed in US 2019-0241809.
  • the media according to the invention preferably contain one or more, preferably one, self-alignment additive.
  • the self-alignment additives of the formula I are preferably employed in the liquid-crystalline medium in amounts of > 0.01 % by weight, preferably 0.1 - 5 % by weight, based on the mixture as a whole. Particular preference is given to liquid-crystalline media which contain 0.1 -5 %, preferably 0.2-3 %, by weight of one or more self-alignment additives, based on the total mixture.
  • the use of preferably 0.2 to 3 % by weight of one or more compounds of the formula I results in a complete homeotropic alignment of the LC layer for conventional LC thickness (3 to 4 ⁇ m) and for the substrate materials used in display industry. Special surface treatment may allow to significantly reduce the amount of the compound(s) of the formula I to amounts in the lower range.
  • the self-alignment additives having one or more polymerizable groups P are preferably polymerized after the vertical alignment in the display panel is established.
  • the utilized liquid-crystalline medium comprises beside one or more self-alignment additives of the formula I additionally one or more polymerised or unpolymerized photoreactive mesogens of formula ISO,
  • a 11 denotes a group selected from the following: a) a group consisting of 1 ,4-phenylene and 1 ,3- phenylene, wherein, in addition, one or two CH groups may be replaced by N and wherein, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by L, b) a group selected from the group consisting of
  • one or more H atoms in these radicals may be replaced by L, and/or one or more double bonds may be replaced by single bonds, and/or one or more CH groups may be replaced by N,
  • A have each, independently of one another, in each occurrence one of the meanings for A 11 or a) group consisting of trans-1 ,4-cyclohexylene, 1 ,4- cyclohexenylene, wherein, in addition, one or more non- adjacent CH 2 groups may be replaced by -O- and/or -S- and wherein, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, or b) a group consisting of tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, 1 ,3- dioxane-2,5-diyl, tetrahydrofuran-2,5-diyl, cyclobutane- 1 ,3-diyl, piperidine-1 ,4-diyl, thiophene-2, 5-diyl and selenophene-2,5-diyl, each of which may also be mono- or polysubstituted by
  • M denotes -O-, -S-, -CH 2 -, -CHR Z - or -CR y R z -,
  • R y and R z each, independently of one another, denote H, CN, F or alkyl having 1 -12 C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced by F,
  • Y 11 and Y 12 each, independently of one another, denote H, F, phenyl or optionally fluorinated alkyl having 1-12 C atoms,
  • Z denotes, independently of each other, in each occurrence, a single bond, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-CO-O-, -OCH 2 -, -CH 2 O-, -OCF 2 -, -CF 2 O-, -(CH 2 ) n -,
  • n denotes an integer between 2 and 8
  • o and p denote each and independently 0, 1 or 2
  • Sp 11 and Sp 21 denote each and independently, in each occurrence a single bond or a spacer group comprising 1 to 20 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent and non- terminal CH 2 groups may also be replaced by -O-, -S-, - NH-, -N(CH 3 )-, -CO-, -O-CO-, -S-CO-, -O-COO-,
  • R 11 denotes P
  • R 21 denotes P, halogen, CN, optionally fluorinated alkyl or alkenyl with up to 15 C atoms in which one or more non- adjacent CH 2 -groups may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -O(O)O-, -O-C(O)-, O-C(O)-O-
  • the compounds of formula ISO and subformulae thereof are preferably synthesised according to or in analogy to the procedures described in WO 2017/102068 and JP 2006-6232809.
  • the utilized mixtures preferably comprise from 0.01 to 10%, particularly preferably from 0.05 to 5% and most preferably from 0.1 to 3% of compounds of formula ISO according to the invention.
  • the mixtures preferably comprise one, two or three, more preferably one or two and most preferably one compound of the formula ISO according to the invention.
  • the utilized LC medium contains one or more nematogenic compounds with negative dielectric anisotropy.
  • Preferred embodiments of such an LC medium are those of sections a)-z) below: a) LC medium which comprises one or more compounds of the formulae CY and/or PY:
  • H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl, preferably alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms,
  • X denotes H or CHs
  • L 1-4 each, independently of one another, denote F, Cl, OCFs,
  • both L 1 and L 2 denote F or one of L 1 and L 2 denotes F and the other denotes Cl
  • both L 3 and L 4 denote F or one of L 3 and L 4 denotes F and the other denotes Cl.
  • the compounds of the formula CY are preferably selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulae:
  • alkyl and alkyl * each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms
  • alkenyl denotes a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms
  • (O) denotes an oxygen atom or a single bond.
  • the compounds of the formula PY are preferably selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulae:
  • alkyl and alkyl * each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms
  • alkenyl denotes a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms
  • (O) denotes an oxygen atom or a single bond.
  • LC medium which additionally comprises one or more compounds of the following formula: in which the individual radicals have the following meanings:
  • the compounds of the formula ZK are preferably selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulae: in which alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, and alkenyl denotes a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms.
  • Particularly preferred compounds of formula ZK are selected from the following sub-formulae:
  • propyl, butyl and pentyl groups are straight-chain groups.
  • LC medium which additionally comprises one or more compounds of the following formula: in which the individual radicals on each occurrence, identically or differently, have the following meanings:
  • the compounds of the formula DK are preferably selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulae: in which alkyl and alkyl * each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, and alkenyl denotes a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms.
  • X denotes H or CH 3
  • L 1 and L 2 each, independently of one another, denote F, Cl, OCF 3 , CFs, CHs, CH 2 F, CHF 2 .
  • both radicals L 1 and L 2 denote F or one of the radicals L 1 and L 2 denotes F and the other denotes Cl.
  • the compounds of the formula LY are preferably selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulae: in which R 1 has the meaning indicated above, alkyl denotes a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, (O) denotes an oxy- gen atom or a single bond, and v denotes an integer from 1 to 6.
  • LC medium which additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the following formulae:
  • R 5 has one of the meanings indicated above for R 1 , alkyl denotes C-i-e-alkyl, d denotes 0 or 1 , and z and m each, independently of one another, denote an integer from 1 to 6.
  • R 5 in these compounds is particularly preferably Ci-e-alkyl or -alkoxy or C 2 -6-alkenyl, d is preferably 1 .
  • the LC medium according to the invention preferably comprises one or more compounds of the above-mentioned formulae in amounts of > 5% by weight.
  • LC medium which additionally comprises one or more biphenyl com- pounds selected from the group consisting of the following formulae:
  • alkyl and alkyl * each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms
  • alkenyl and alkenyl * each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms.
  • the proportion of the biphenyls of the formulae B1 to B3 in the LC mixture is preferably at least 3% by weight, in particular ⁇ 5% by weight.
  • the compounds of the formula B2 are particularly preferred.
  • the compounds of the formulae B1 to B3 are preferably selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulae:
  • alkyl * denotes an alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms.
  • the medium according to the invention particularly preferably comprises one or more compounds of the formulae B1a and/or B2e.
  • LC medium which additionally comprises one or more terphenyl com- pounds of the following formula: in which R 5 and R 6 each, independently of one another, have one of the meanings indicated above, and each, independently of one another, denote
  • L 5 denotes F or Cl, preferably F
  • L 6 denotes F, Cl, OCF 3 , CF 3 , CH 3 , CH 2 F or CHF 2 , preferably F.
  • the compounds of the formula T are preferably selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulae:
  • R denotes a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1-7 C atoms
  • R* denotes a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-7 C atoms
  • (O) denotes an oxygen atom or a single bond
  • m denotes an integer from 1 to 6.
  • R preferably denotes methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, meth- oxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy or pentoxy.
  • the LC medium according to the invention preferably comprises the terphenyls of the formula T and the preferred sub-formulae thereof in an amount of 0.5-30% by weight, in particular 1 -20% by weight.
  • R preferably denotes alkyl, further- more alkoxy, each having 1-5 C atoms.
  • the terphenyls are preferably employed in mixtures according to the invention if the ⁇ value of the mixture is to be ⁇ 0.1 .
  • Preferred mix- tures comprise 2-20% by weight of one or more terphenyl compounds of the formula T, preferably selected from the group of compounds T1 to T22.
  • LC medium which additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the following formulae:
  • R 1 and R 2 have the meanings indicated above and prefera- bly each, independently of one another, denote straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or straight-chain alkenyl having 2 to 6 C atoms.
  • Preferred media comprise one or more compounds selected from the formulae O1 , O3 and O4.
  • k) LC medium which additionally comprises one or more compounds of the following formula:
  • R 9 denotes H, CH 3 , C 2 H 5 or n-C 3 H 7
  • (F) denotes an optional fluorine substituent
  • q denotes 1 , 2 or 3
  • R 7 has one of the meanings indicated for R 1 , preferably in amounts of > 3% by weight, in particular ⁇ 5% by weight and very particularly preferably 5-30% by weight.
  • Particularly preferred compounds of the formula FI are selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulae:
  • R 7 preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl
  • R 9 denotes CH 3 , C 2 H 5 or n-C 3 H 7 .
  • Particular preference is given to the compounds of the formulae FI1 , FI2 and FIS.
  • LC medium which additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the following formulae:
  • LC medium which additionally comprises one or more compounds which contain a tetrahydronaphthyl or naphthyl unit, such as, for example, the compounds selected from the group consisting of the following formulae:
  • LC medium which additionally comprises one or more difluoro- dibenzochromans and/or chromans of the following formulae: in which
  • R 11 and R 12 each, independently of one another, have one of the meanings indicated above for R 11 under formula N1 ring M is trans-1 ,4-cyclohexylene or 1 ,4-phenylene,
  • Z m -C 2 H 4 -, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 -, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, c is 0, 1 or 2, preferably in amounts of 3 to 20% by weight, in particular in amounts of 3 to 15% by weight.
  • Particularly preferred compounds of the formulae BC, CR and RC are selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulae: in which alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1 -6 C atoms, (O) denotes an oxygen atom or a single bond, c is 1 or 2, and alkenyl and alkenyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms.
  • Alkenyl and alkenyl* preferably denote
  • mixtures comprising one, two or three compounds of the formula BC-2.
  • LC medium which additionally comprises one or more fluorinated phenanthrenes and/or dibenzofurans of the following formulae: in which R 11 and R 12 each, independently of one another, have one of the meanings indicated above for R 11 under formula N 1 , b denotes 0 or 1 , L denotes F, and r denotes 1 , 2 or 3.
  • Particularly preferred compounds of the formulae PH and BF are selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulae: in which R and R' each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1-7 C atoms.
  • LC medium which additionally comprises one or more monocyclic compounds of the following formula
  • alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms preferably alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms
  • L 1 and L 2 each, independently of one another, denote F, Cl, OCF 3 , CF 3 , CH 3 , CH 2 F, CHF 2 .
  • both L 1 and L 2 denote F or one of L 1 and L 2 denotes F and the other denotes Cl,
  • the compounds of the formula Y are preferably selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulae:
  • Alkoxy denotes a straight-chain alkoxy radical having 1-6 C atoms
  • O denotes an oxygen atom or a single bond.
  • Particularly preferred compounds of the formula Y are selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulae: wherein Alkoxy preferably denotes straight-chain alkoxy with 3, 4, or 5 C atoms.
  • LC medium which comprises 1 to 5, preferably 1, 2 or 3, stabilisers, preferably selected from stabilisers according to the invention, in particular of the formula I or sub-formulae thereof.
  • LC medium in which the proportion of stabilisers, in particular of the formula I or sub-formulae thereof, in the mixture as a whole is 1 to 1500p ⁇ m, preferably 100 to 1000p ⁇ m.
  • t) LC medium which comprises 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 5, compounds of the formulae CY1 , CY2, PY1 and/or PY2.
  • the proportion of these compounds in the mixture as a whole is preferably 5 to 60%, particu- larly preferably 10 to 35%.
  • the content of these individual compounds is preferably in each case 2 to 20%.
  • LC medium which comprises 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 5, compounds of the formulae CY9, CY10, PY9 and/or PY10.
  • the proportion of these compounds in the mixture as a whole is preferably 5 to 60%, particu- larly preferably 10 to 35%.
  • the content of these individual compounds is preferably in each case 2 to 20%.
  • v) LC medium which comprises 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 8, compounds of the formula ZK, in particular compounds of the formulae ZK1 , ZK2 and/or ZK6.
  • the proportion of these compounds in the mixture as a whole is preferably 3 to 25%, particularly preferably 5 to 45%.
  • the content of these individual compounds is preferably in each case 2 to 20%.
  • w) LC medium in which the proportion of compounds of the formulae CY, PY and ZK in the mixture as a whole is greater than 70%, preferably greater than 80%.
  • LC medium in which the LC host mixture contains one or more compounds containing an alkenyl group, preferably selected from the group consisting of formula CY, PY and LY, wherein one or both of R 1 and R 2 denote straight-chain alkenyl having 2-6 C atoms, formula ZK and DK, wherein one or both of R 3 and R 4 or one or both of R 5 and R 6 denote straight-chain alkenyl having 2-6 C atoms, and formula B2 and B3, very preferably selected from formulae CY15, CY16, CY24, CY32, PY15, PY16, ZK3, ZK4, DK3, DK6, B2 and B3, most preferably selected from formulae ZK3, ZK4, B2 and B3.
  • the concentration of these compounds in the LC host mixture is preferably from 2 to 70%, very preferably from 3 to 55%.
  • y) LC medium which contains one or more, preferably 1 to 5, compounds selected of formula PY1-PY8, very preferably of formula PY2.
  • the proportion of these compounds in the mixture as a whole is preferably 1 to 30%, particularly preferably 2 to 20%.
  • the content of these individual compounds is preferably in each case 1 to 20%.
  • Z) LC medium which contains one or more, preferably 1 , 2 or 3, compounds of formula T2.
  • the content of these compounds in the mixture as a whole is preferably 1 to 20%.
  • the LC medium contains one or more nematogenic compounds with positive dielectric anisotropy.
  • Preferred embodiments of such an LC medium are those of sections aa) - mmm) below: aa) LC-medium, characterised in that it comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the formulae II and III wherein
  • Y 20-24 each, identically or differently, denote FI or F;
  • W denotes H or methyl, each, independently of one another, denote
  • the compounds of the formula II are preferably selected from the following formulae:
  • R 20 and X 20 have the meanings indicated above.
  • R 20 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms.
  • X 20 preferably denotes F.
  • Particular preference is given to compounds of the formu- lae lla and IIb, in particular compounds of the formulae lla and Mb wherein X denotes F.
  • the compounds of the formula III are preferably selected from the fol- lowing formulae:
  • R 20 and X 20 have the meanings indicated above.
  • R 20 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms.
  • X 20 preferably denotes F.
  • Particular preference is given to compounds of the formu- lae Ilia and llle, in particular compounds of the formula Ilia; bb) LC-medium additionally comprising one or more compounds selected from the following formulae: R 20 , ⁇ 2 ⁇ W and ⁇ 2 ⁇ - 23 have the meanings indicated above under formula II, and
  • -CF CF, -C 2 F4-, -CH 2 CF 2 -, -CF 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 - -COO- or -OCF 2 -, in formulae V and VI also a single bond, in formulae V and VIII also -CF 2 O-, r denotes 0 or 1 , and s denotes 0 or 1 ;
  • the compounds of the formula IV are preferably selected from the fol- lowing formulae: wherein R 20 and X 20 have the meanings indicated above.
  • R 20 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms.
  • the compounds of the formula V are preferably selected from the fol- lowing formulae:
  • R 20 and X 20 have the meanings indicated above.
  • R 20 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms.
  • the compounds of the formula VI are preferably selected from the fol- lowing formulae:
  • R 20 and X 20 have the meanings indicated above.
  • R 20 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms.
  • the compounds of the formula VII are preferably selected from the following formulae: wherein R 20 and X 20 have the meanings indicated above.
  • R 20 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms.
  • the medium additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the formulae ZK1 to ZK10 given above. Especially preferred are compounds of formula ZK1 and ZK3. Particularly preferred compounds of formula ZK are selected from the sub- formulae ZK1a, ZK1b, ZK1c, ZK3a, ZK3b, ZK3c and ZK3d.
  • the medium additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the formulae DK1 to DK12 given above. Especially preferred compounds are DK3.
  • the medium additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the following formulae: wherein X 20 has the meanings indicated above, and
  • L denotes H or F
  • alkenyl denotes C 2-6 -alkenyl.
  • the compounds of the formulae DK-3a and IX are preferably selected from the following formulae: wherein "alkyl” denotes C 1-6 -alkyl, preferably n-C 3 H 7 , n-C 4 H 9 or n-C 5 H 11 , in particular n-C 3 H 7 .
  • the medium additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the formulae B1 , B2 and B3 given above, preferably from the formula B2.
  • the compounds of the formulae B1 to B3 are particularly preferably selected from the formulae B1 a, B2a, B2b and B2c.
  • the medium additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the following formula: wherein L 20 denotes H or F, and R 21 and R 22 each, identically or differently, denote n-alkyl, alkoxy, oxaalkyl, fluoroalkyl or alkenyl, each having up to 6 C atoms, and preferably each, identically or differently, denote alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms.
  • L 20 denotes H or F
  • R 21 and R 22 each, identically or differently, denote n-alkyl, alkoxy, oxaalkyl, fluoroalkyl or alkenyl, each having up to 6 C atoms, and preferably each, identically or differently, denote alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms.
  • W, R 20 , X 20 and Y 20"23 have the meanings indicated in formula III, and each, independently of one another, denote and denotes
  • the compounds of the formulae XI and XII are preferably selected from the following formulae:
  • R 20 and X 20 have the meaning indicated above and preferably R 20 denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms and X 20 denotes F.
  • the mixture according to the invention particularly preferably comprises at least one compound of the formula Xlla and/or Xlle.
  • the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula T given above, preferably selected from the group of compounds of the for- mulae T21 toT23 and T25 to T27.
  • the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the k k) group of formulae DK9, DK10 and DK11 given above.
  • the medium additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the following formulae:
  • R 20 and X 20 each, independently of one another, have one of the meanings indicated above, and Y 20-23 each, independently of one another, denote H or F.
  • X 20 is preferably F, Cl, CF 3 , OCF 3 or OCHF 2 .
  • R 20 preferably denotes alkyl, alkoxy, oxaalkyl, fluoroalkyl or alkenyl, each having up to 6 C atoms.
  • the mixture according to the invention particularly preferably comprises one or more compounds of the formula XVIII-a, wherein R 20 has the meanings indicated above.
  • R 20 preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl, in particular ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl and n-pentyl and very particularly preferably n-propyl.
  • the compound(s) of the formula XVIII, in particular of the formula XVIII-a is (are) preferably employed in the mixtures according to the invention in amounts of 0.5-20% by weight, particularly preferably 1 -15% by weight.
  • the medium additionally comprises one or more compounds of the for- mula XIX, wherein R 20 , X 20 and Y 20-25 have the meanings indicated in formula I, s denotes 0 or 1 , and In the formula XIX, X 20 may also denote an alkyl radical having 1 -6 C atoms or an alkoxy radical having 1-6 C atoms. The alkyl or alkoxy radical is preferably straight-chain.
  • R 20 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms.
  • X 20 preferably denotes F;
  • the compounds of the formula XIX are preferably selected from the following formulae:
  • R 20 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms.
  • X 20 preferably denotes F, and Y 20 is preferably F;
  • R 20 is straight-chain alkyl or alkenyl having 2 to 6 C atoms; nn)
  • the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formulae G1 to G4 given above, preferably selected from G1 and G2 wherein alkyl denotes C 1-6 -alkyl, L x denotes H and X denotes F or Cl. In G2, X particularly preferably denotes Cl. oo)
  • the medium comprises one or more compounds of the following formulae:
  • R 20 and X 20 have the meanings indicated above.
  • R 20 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms.
  • X 20 preferably denotes F.
  • the medium according to the invention particularly preferably comprises one or more compounds of the formula XXII wherein X 20 preferably denotes F.
  • the compound(s) of the formulae XX - XXII is (are) preferably employed in the mixtures according to the invention in amounts of 1 -20% by weight, particularly preferably 1 -15% by weight. Particularly preferred mixtures comprise at least one compound of the formula XXII.
  • the medium comprises one or more compounds of the following pyrimidine or pyridine compounds of the formulae
  • R 20 and X 20 have the meanings indicated above.
  • R 20 prefer- ably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms.
  • X 20 preferably denotes F.
  • the medium according to the invention particularly preferably comprises one or more compounds of the formula M-1 , wherein X 20 preferably denotes F.
  • the compound(s) of the formulae M-1 - M-3 is (are) preferably employed in the mixtures according to the invention in amounts of 1 -20% by weight, particularly preferably 1 -15% by weight.
  • the medium comprises one or more compounds of the following tolane compounds of the formulae in which
  • R 11 and R 12 identically or differently, denote H, alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, or alkenyl, alkenyloxy or alkoxyalkyl hav- ing 2 to 12 C atoms, in which one or more CH 2 -groups may be replaced by , and in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by fluorine,
  • L 11 , L 12 , L 13 independently of one another, denote H, methyl, Cl or F,
  • the compounds of formula TO are preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae TO-1 to TO-3, particularly preferably from formula TO-3 in which the occurring groups have the respective meanings given above under formula TO, and in formulae TO-1 and TO-2 preferably
  • R 11 is n-alkyl or alkenyl having up to 7 C atoms, most preferably n-alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, and
  • R 12 is n-alkoxy or alkenyloxy having 1 to 6 C atoms, most preferably n-alkoxy having 1 to 4 C atoms, and in formula TO-3 preferably
  • R 11 is n-alkyl or alkenyl having up to 7 C atoms, most preferably n-alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms
  • R 12 is n-alkyl or alkenyl having up to 7 C atoms, most preferably n-alkyl having up to 5 C atoms.
  • the liquid-crystal media according to the present invention preferably comprise one or more compounds of formula TO-1 , preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae TO-1 a to TO-1 d, preferably of formulae TO-1 a and/or TO-1 d, most preferably of formula TO-1 a, wherein the occurring groups have the meanings given above for TO.
  • the liquid-crystal media according to the present invention preferably comprise one or more compounds of formula TO-2, preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae TO-2a to TO-2f, preferably of formulae TO-2a and/or TO-2d, most preferably of formula TO-2d,
  • the liquid-crystal media according to the present invention preferably comprise one or more compounds of formula TO-3, preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae TO-3a to TO-3d, preferably of formulae TO-3c and/or TO-3c and/or TO-3d, most preferably of formula TO-3d,
  • the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula TO-3d.
  • the medium comprises two or more compounds of the formula XII, in particular of the formula Xlle; ss)
  • the medium comprises 2-30% by weight, preferably 3-20% by weight, particularly preferably 3-15% by weight, of compounds of the formula XII; tt)
  • the medium comprises further compounds selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae II, III, IX-XIII, XVII and XVIII; uu)
  • the proportion of compounds of the formulae II, III, IX-XI, XIII, XVII and XVIII in the mixture as a whole is 40 to 95% by weight;
  • the medium comprises 10-50% by weight, particularly preferably 12- 40% by weight, of compounds of the formulae II and/or III; ww)
  • the medium comprises 20-70% by weight, particularly preferably 25- 65% by weight, of compounds of the formulae IX-XI
  • the medium comprises
  • the medium comprises at least two compounds of the formulae
  • the medium comprises at least two compounds of the formula Xlla and at least two compounds of the formula Xlle.
  • ccc) The medium comprises at least one compound of the formula Xlla and at least one compound of the formula Xlle and at least one compound of the formula Ilia.
  • the medium comprises at least two compounds of the formula Xlla and at least two compounds of the formula Xlle and at least one compound of the formula Ilia.
  • the medium comprises in total ⁇ 25% by weight, preferably ⁇ 30% by weight, of one or more compounds of the formula XII.
  • the medium comprises ⁇ 20% by weight, preferably ⁇ 24% by weight, preferably 25-60% by weight, of compounds of the formula ZK3, in particular the compound of the formula ZK3a, ggg)
  • the medium comprises at least one compound selected from the group of compounds ZK3a, ZK3b and ZK3c, preferably ZK3a, in combination with compound ZK3d
  • the medium comprises at least one compound of the formula DPGU-n-F. iii) The medium comprises at least one compound of the formula CDUQU-n-F. jjj) The medium comprises at least one compound of the formula CPU-n-OXF.
  • the medium comprises at least one compound of the formula CPGU-3-OT.
  • the medium comprises at least one compound of the formula PPGU-n-F. mmm)
  • the medium comprises at least one compound of the formula PGP-n-m, preferably two or three compounds.
  • the medium comprises at least one compound of the formula PGP-2-2V having the structure
  • the liquid crystal mixture according to the present invention further comprises a polymerizable component C) comprising one or more polymerizable compounds.
  • the polymerizable compounds can be selected from isotropic or mesogenic polymerizable compounds known to the skilled person in the art.
  • the LC medium comprises one or more polymerizable compounds of formula P,
  • P a and P b denotes each and independently a polymerizable group, preferably selected from the group consisting of acrylate, methacrylate, ethacrylate, fluoroacrylate, vinyhoxy, chlorcnacry- late, oxetane, or epoxide groups
  • Sp a denotes a spacer group or a single bond
  • a P is a group selected from the following formulae
  • L a is on each occurrence identically or differently F, Cl, -CN, P- Sp-, or straight chain, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH 2 -groups are optionally replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O- CO-O- in such a manner that O- and/or S-atoms are not directly connected with each other, and wherein one or more H atoms are each optionally replaced by F or Cl, and
  • Preferred spacer groups Sp a are selected from the formula Sp”-X”, so that the radicals P-Sp- and P a/b -Sp a/b - conforms to the formulae P-Sp”-X”- and P a/b -Sp”-X”-, respectively, wherein
  • Sp denotes alkylene having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 12, C atoms, which is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by F,
  • R°, R°° and R°°° each, independently of one another, denote H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, and
  • Y 3 and Y 4 each, identically or differently, denote H, F, Cl or CN.
  • X is preferably -O-, -S-, -CO-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -O-C(O)O-, -CO- NR°-, -NR 0 -CO-, -NR 0 -CO-NR 0 - or a single bond.
  • Typical spacer groups Sp are, for example, a single bon, -(CH 2 ) P 1-, -(CH 2 CH 2 O)q1-CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 -S-CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 -
  • Particularly preferred groups -Sp”-X”- are a single bond, -(CH 2 ) P I-, -(CH 2 )pi-O-, -(CH 2 )pi-O-CO-, -(CH 2 )pi-O-CO-O-, wherein p1 and q1 have the meanings indicated above.
  • Particularly preferred groups Sp are, for example, in each case straight- chain methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, octadecylene, ethyleneoxyethylene, methyleneoxybutylene, ethylenethioethylene, ethylene-N-methyliminoethylene, 1-methylalkylene, ethenylene, propenylene and butenylene.
  • the compounds of formula P and subformulae thereof used in the present invention are prepared by methods known per se, as described in the literature (for example in the standard works, such as Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart), to be precise under reaction conditions which are known and suitable for the said reactions. Use can also be made here of variants known per se, which are not mentioned here in greater detail.
  • the amount of one, two, three or more polymerizable compounds of formula P in the LC mixture as a whole is preferably ranging from 0.1 to 5 %, more preferably ranging from 0.3 to 3 %, especially ranging from 0.5 to 2 %.
  • the polymerizable compounds of formulae I and P are also suitable for polymerisation without an initiator, which is associated with considerable advantages, such as, for example, lower material costs and, in particular, reduced contamination of the LC medium by possible residual amounts of the initiator or degradation products thereof.
  • the polymerisation can thus also be carried out without addition of an initiator.
  • the LC medium thus, in a preferred embodiment, comprises no polymerisation initiator.
  • LC medium as a whole may also comprise one or more stabilisers in order to prevent undesired spontaneous polymerisation of the polymerizable compounds, for example during storage or transport.
  • Suitable types and amounts of stabilisers are known to the person skilled in the art and are described in the literature. Particularly suitable are, for example, the com- suddenly available stabilisers from the Irganox® series (BASF SB), such as, for example, Irganox® 1076. If stabilisers are employed, their propor- tion, based on the total amount of the polymerizable compounds as a whole, is preferably 10 - 10,000 p ⁇ m, particularly preferably 50 - 1000 p ⁇ m.
  • the media are prepared in a manner conventional per se.
  • the components are dissolved in one another, preferably at elevated temperature.
  • the liquid crystal medium is injected between the first and second substrate or is filled into the cell by capillary force after combining the first and second substrate.
  • the liquid crystal composition may be interposed between the first and second substrates by combining the second substrate to the first substrate after loading the liquid crystal composition on the first substrate.
  • the liquid crystal is dispensed dropwise onto a first substrate in a process known as “one drop filling” (ODF) process, as disclosed in for example JPS63-179323 and JPH 10-239694, or using the Ink Jet Printing (UP) method.
  • ODF one drop filling
  • UP Ink Jet Printing
  • the process according to the invention contains a process step where the liquid crystal inside the device cell is allowed to rest for a period of time in order to evenly redistribute the liquid crystal medium inside the cell (herein referred to as “annealing”).
  • annealing a process step where the liquid crystal inside the device cell is allowed to rest for a period of time in order to evenly redistribute the liquid crystal medium inside the cell.
  • the annealing step is combined with a previous step, such as edge sealant pre-curing. In which case a ‘separate’ annealing step may not be necessary at all.
  • the LC medium is preferably allowed to redistribute in the cell.
  • the cell is annealed for a time between 1 min and 3h, preferably between 2 min and 1h and most preferably between 5 min and 30 min. The annealing is preferably performed at room temperature.
  • the annealing is performed at elevated temperature, preferably at above 20°C and below 140°C, more preferably above 40°C and below 100°C and most preferably above 50°C and below 80°C.
  • the polymerizable compounds are optionally polymerised or crossl inked (if a polymerizable compound contains two or more polymerizable groups) with the application of an electrical field.
  • the polymerisation can be carried out in one or more steps.
  • the photoreactive component comprising one or more compounds of formula ISO, is photoaligned in a first step using linearly polarised UV light and in a second step further cured using linearly polarized or unpolarised UV light. In one or both of these steps irradiation is from an oblique angle. In the second step any other polymerizable compounds are also further cured.
  • the linearly polarised light applied according to the inventive process is ultraviolet light from an oblique angle which enables simultaneous photoalignment and photocuring of the photoreactive component comprising one or more compounds of formula ISO, and, if present, photocuring of the other polymerizable components.
  • Photoalignment of the photoreactive compounds of formula ISO and curing of the polymerizable groups of compounds of formula ISO and the curing of the optional polymerizable compounds of formula P can be performed simultaneously or stepwise. In case the process is split into different steps, the individual steps can be performed at the same temperature or at different temperatures.
  • the polymerisation can be carried out in one step. It is also possible firstly to carry out the polymerisation, optionally while applying a voltage or irradiation at an oblique angle as described above, in a first step in order to produce a pretilt angle, and subsequently, in a second polymerisation step without an applied voltage, to polymerise or crosslink the compounds which have not reacted in the first step (“end curing”).
  • Suitable and preferred polymerisation methods are, for example, thermal or photopolymerization, preferably photopolymerization, in particular UV induced photopolymerization, which can be achieved by exposure of the polymerizable compounds to UV radiation.
  • the UV radiation is preferably applied from an oblique angle oblique to the normal to the substrate surface of at least 20° from the direction vertical to the substrates preferably if compounds of formula ISO are present.
  • Preferably linear polarized UV radiation is applied.
  • one or more polymerisation initiators are added to the liquid- crystalline medium.
  • Suitable conditions for the polymerisation and suitable types and amount of initiators are known to the person skilled in the art and are described in the literature.
  • Suitable for free-radical polymerisation are, for example, the commercially available photoinitiators Irgacure651®, Irga- cure184®, Irgacure907®, Irgacure369® or Darocurel 173® (Ciba AG). If a polymerisation initiator is employed, its proportion is preferably 0.001 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.001 to 1% by weight.
  • the polymerizable compounds and components according to the invention are also suitable for polymerisation without an initiator, which is accompanied by advantages, such, for example, lower material costs and in particular less contamination of the liquid-crystalline medium by possible residual amounts of the initiator or degradation products thereof.
  • the polymerisation can thus also be carried out without the addition of an initiator.
  • the liquid-crystalline medium thus does not contain a polymerisation initiator.
  • the liquid-crystalline medium may also comprise one or more stabilisers in order to prevent undesired spontaneous polymerisation of the RMs, for example during storage or transport.
  • Suitable types and amounts of stabilisers are known to the person skilled in the art and are described in the literature. Particularly suitable are, for example, the commercially available stabilisers from the Irganox® series (Ciba AG), such as, for example, Irganox® 1076. If stabilisers are employed, their proportion, based on the total amount of RMs or the polymerizable component (com- ponent A), is preferably 10-500,000 p ⁇ m, particularly preferably 50- 50,000 p ⁇ m.
  • the devices according to the present invention can be used in various electro-optic applications such as for example applications for augmented reality or virtual reality.
  • the invention further relates to the use of a device according to the present invention in an electro-optical device and to an electro- optical device, preferably for augmented reality or virtual reality applications, comprising the device according to present invention as such.
  • Such electro-optical device includes but is not limited to head mounted displays or eye-wear, preferably goggles or contact lenses.
  • the parameter ranges indicated in this application all include the limit values including the maximum permissible errors as known by the expert.
  • the different upper and lower limit values indicated for various ranges of properties in combination with one another give rise to additional preferred ranges.
  • All concentrations are quoted in per cent by weight and relate to the respective mixture as a whole, all tempera- tures are quoted in degrees Celsius and all temperature differences are quoted in differential degrees.
  • All physical properties are determined in accordance with “Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals”, Status Nov. 1997, Merck KgaA, Germany, and are quoted for a temperature of 20°C, unless expressly stated otherwise.
  • the optical aniso- tropy ( ⁇ ) is determined at a wavelength of 589.3 nm.
  • the dielectric aniso- tropy ( ⁇ ) is determined at a frequency of 1 kHz or if explicitly stated at a frequency 19 GHz.
  • the threshold voltages, as well as all other electro- optical properties, are determined using test cells produced at Merck KgaA, Germany.
  • the test cells for the determination of ⁇ have a cell thickness of approximately 20 ⁇ m.
  • the electrode is a circular ITO electrode having an area of 1.13 cm 2 and a guard ring.
  • the orientation layers are SE-1211 from Nissan Chemicals, Japan, for homeotropic orientation ( ⁇
  • the capacitances are determined using a Solatron 1260 frequency response analyser using a sine wave with a voltage of 0.3 V rms-
  • the light used in the electro-optical measurements is white light.
  • All groups C n H 2n+1 , C m H 2m+1 , and CiH2i+iare preferably straight chain alkyl groups with n, m and I C-atoms, respectively, all groups C n H 2n , C m H 2m and C1H21 are preferably (CH 2 )n, (CH 2 )m and (CH 2 )i, respectively and -CH CH- preferably is trans- respectively £ vinylene.
  • Table A lists the symbols used for the ring elements, table B those for the linking groups and table C those for the symbols for the left hand and the right hand end groups of the molecules.
  • n und m each are integers and three points indicate a space or other symbols of this table.
  • nematic LC host mixtures are prepared as indicated in the following tables:
  • a test cell comprising a Fresnel lens structure substrate that is fabricated in accordance with the procedure given in GB 201810565, paragraph [0171] to [0181] and a plain glass substrate is prepared. 10 ⁇ m spacers, in UV curable sealant, are used to separate the two substrates. The sealant containing glass spacers is applied to the edges of the cell, and the cell is then illuminated with UV light to cure the glue. The cell is capillary filled with mixture M-1.
  • the cell gives non-uniform alignment with many visible defects when observed under the microscope.
  • lenses comprising the only M-2, M-3, or M-4 respectively were produced and give non-uniform alignment with many visible defects when observed under the microscope.
  • the plano-concave lens substrate is provided dropwise with a mixture M-1.
  • the lens shows non-uniform alignment with many visible defects when observed under the microscope.
  • lenses comprising the only M-2, M-3, or M-4 respectively were produced and give non-uniform alignment with many visible defects when observed under the microscope.
  • a test cell comprising a Fresnel lens structure substrate that is fabricated in accordance with the procedure given in GB 201810565, paragraph [0171] to [0181] and a plain glass substrate is prepared. 10 ⁇ m spacers, in UV curable sealant, are used to separate the two substrates. The sealant containing glass spacers is applied to the edges of the cell, and the cell is then illuminated with UV light to cure the glue. The cell is capillary filled with mixture consisting of 99.4 % w/w M-1 and 0.6% w/w RM-1 .
  • the cell gives uniform vertical alignment when observed under the microscope.
  • the embossed Fresnel lens is clearly visible in the bright state. Self-alignment is achieved over the entire region of the embossed surface feature. The vertical alignment is preserved at any angle with respect to the orientation of the surface features.
  • the lenses show very good vertical alignment when observed under the microscope.
  • the plano-concave lens substrate is provided dropwise with a mixture consisting of 99.4 % w/w M-1 and 0.6% w/w RM-2. The lens shows very good vertical alignment when observed under the microscope.
  • the lenses show very good vertical alignment when observed under the microscope.
  • a test cell comprising a Fresnel lens structure substrate that is fabricated in accordance with the procedure given in GB 201810565, paragraph [0171] to [0181] and a plain glass substrate is prepared. 10 ⁇ m spacers, in UV curable sealant, are used to separate the two substrates. The sealant containing glass spacers is applied to the edges of the cell, and the cell is then illuminated with UV light to cure the glue.
  • the cell is capillary filled with mixture consisting of 98.4 % w/w M-1 , 0.6% w/w RM-1 and 1 .0% w/w ISO-1.
  • This mixture aligns vertical (homeotropic) relative to the substrate plane.
  • the mixture inside the cell is then irradiated with UV light of Omnicure® 2000 (55 mW/cm 2 for 900 s) without wire grid polarizer at an oblique angle of 40° with respect to the substrate plane.
  • the cell gives uniform vertical alignment when observed under the microscope.
  • the embossed Fresnel lens is clearly visible in the bright state. Self-alignment is achieved over the entire region of the embossed surface feature. The vertical alignment is preserved at any angle with respect to the orientation of the surface features.
  • lenses comprising the following formulations are produced:
  • the lenses show very good vertical alignment when observed under the microscope and showed an improvement of the electrooptical characteristics, such as improved switching speed, etc., in comparison to the lenses of example 1 .
  • the plano-concave lens substrate is provided dropwise with a mixture consisting of 98.4 % w/w M-1 , 0.6% w/w RM-1 and 1.0% w/w ISO-1.
  • This mixture aligns vertical (homeotropic) relative to the substrate plane.
  • the mixture inside the cell is then irradiated with UV light of Omnicure® 2000 (55 mW/cm 2 for 900 s) without wire grid polarizer at an oblique angle of 40° with respect to the substrate plane.
  • the lens shows very good vertical alignment when observed under the microscope.
  • the lenses show very good vertical alignment when observed under the microscope and showed an improvement of the electrooptical characteristics, such as improved switching speed, etc., in comparison to the lenses of example 2.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif à cristaux liquides comprenant au moins deux substrats transparents opposés, au moins une couche de commutation à cristaux liquides prise en sandwich entre lesdits substrats opposés comprenant un ou plusieurs additifs d'auto-alignement pour un alignement vertical et un ou plusieurs composés nématogènes, une structure d'électrode disposée sur un ou les deux substrats opposés, un ou plusieurs desdits substrats étant en outre pourvus d'un réseau optique ou d'une structure de lentille adjacente à la couche de commutation LC. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de production dudit dispositif à cristaux liquides, l'utilisation dudit dispositif à cristaux liquides dans divers types de dispositifs optiques et électro-optiques, et des dispositifs électro-optiques comprenant le dispositif à cristaux liquides.
PCT/EP2021/053262 2020-02-13 2021-02-11 Dispositif à cristaux liquides Ceased WO2021160705A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112021001011.5T DE112021001011T5 (de) 2020-02-13 2021-02-11 Flüssigkristallvorrichtung

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20157166.8 2020-02-13
EP20157166 2020-02-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021160705A1 true WO2021160705A1 (fr) 2021-08-19

Family

ID=69582055

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2021/053262 Ceased WO2021160705A1 (fr) 2020-02-13 2021-02-11 Dispositif à cristaux liquides

Country Status (3)

Country Link
DE (1) DE112021001011T5 (fr)
TW (1) TWI895354B (fr)
WO (1) WO2021160705A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115287082A (zh) * 2022-08-15 2022-11-04 重庆汉朗精工科技有限公司 一种负性液晶组合物及其应用
US20230105959A1 (en) * 2020-02-13 2023-04-06 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid crystal device

Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020003601A1 (en) 2000-03-27 2002-01-10 Xu Wang Adjustable liquid crystal blazed grating deflector
US6989190B2 (en) 2000-10-17 2006-01-24 General Electric Company Transparent polycarbonate polyester composition and process
JP2006232809A (ja) 2005-01-28 2006-09-07 Chisso Corp 液晶性多官能アクリレート誘導体およびその重合体
US20070182915A1 (en) 2004-10-19 2007-08-09 Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal diffraction lens element and optical head device
WO2012038026A1 (fr) 2010-09-25 2012-03-29 Merck Patent Gmbh Écrans à cristaux liquides et fluides cristallins liquides à orientation homéotrope
WO2012104008A1 (fr) 2011-02-05 2012-08-09 Merck Patent Gmbh Afficheurs à cristal liquide à orientation homéotrope
EP2918658A2 (fr) 2014-03-10 2015-09-16 Merck Patent GmbH Milieux cristallins liquides présentant une disposition homéotrope
WO2016019123A1 (fr) 2014-07-31 2016-02-04 North Carolina State University Réseaux de polarisation à cristaux liquides de bragg
WO2016015803A1 (fr) 2014-07-28 2016-02-04 Merck Patent Gmbh Milieux cristallins liquides à orientation homéotrope
WO2017045740A1 (fr) 2015-09-15 2017-03-23 Merck Patent Gmbh Support à cristaux liquides présentant un alignement homéotrope
WO2017102068A1 (fr) 2015-12-17 2017-06-22 Merck Patent Gmbh Mélange à cristaux liquides et affichage à cristaux liquides
US20170219744A1 (en) * 2016-01-29 2017-08-03 Seiko Epson Corporation Lens array substrate, electro-optical device, electronic apparatus, micro-lens substrate manufacturing method, and electro-optical device manufacturing method
US20180002604A1 (en) * 2016-06-30 2018-01-04 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid-crystalline medium
US20180088367A1 (en) * 2016-03-08 2018-03-29 Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. Visual angle regulator and liquid crystal display
US20190241809A1 (en) 2018-02-05 2019-08-08 Merck Patent Gmbh Compounds for the homeotropic alignment of liquid-crystalline media
US20190318706A1 (en) 2018-04-16 2019-10-17 Oculus Vr, Llc Display device with dynamic resolution enhancement
WO2019206788A1 (fr) * 2018-04-23 2019-10-31 Merck Patent Gmbh Mélange de cristaux liquides et affichage à cristaux liquides

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0820627B2 (ja) 1987-01-20 1996-03-04 松下電器産業株式会社 液晶表示素子の製造法
JPH10239694A (ja) 1997-02-24 1998-09-11 Hitachi Ltd 液晶表示装置の製造方法
GB201810565D0 (en) 2018-06-27 2018-08-15 Univ Leeds Innovations Ltd Improvements in and relating to optical elements

Patent Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020003601A1 (en) 2000-03-27 2002-01-10 Xu Wang Adjustable liquid crystal blazed grating deflector
US6989190B2 (en) 2000-10-17 2006-01-24 General Electric Company Transparent polycarbonate polyester composition and process
US20070182915A1 (en) 2004-10-19 2007-08-09 Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal diffraction lens element and optical head device
JP2006232809A (ja) 2005-01-28 2006-09-07 Chisso Corp 液晶性多官能アクリレート誘導体およびその重合体
WO2012038026A1 (fr) 2010-09-25 2012-03-29 Merck Patent Gmbh Écrans à cristaux liquides et fluides cristallins liquides à orientation homéotrope
WO2012104008A1 (fr) 2011-02-05 2012-08-09 Merck Patent Gmbh Afficheurs à cristal liquide à orientation homéotrope
EP2918658A2 (fr) 2014-03-10 2015-09-16 Merck Patent GmbH Milieux cristallins liquides présentant une disposition homéotrope
WO2016015803A1 (fr) 2014-07-28 2016-02-04 Merck Patent Gmbh Milieux cristallins liquides à orientation homéotrope
WO2016019123A1 (fr) 2014-07-31 2016-02-04 North Carolina State University Réseaux de polarisation à cristaux liquides de bragg
WO2017045740A1 (fr) 2015-09-15 2017-03-23 Merck Patent Gmbh Support à cristaux liquides présentant un alignement homéotrope
WO2017102068A1 (fr) 2015-12-17 2017-06-22 Merck Patent Gmbh Mélange à cristaux liquides et affichage à cristaux liquides
US20170219744A1 (en) * 2016-01-29 2017-08-03 Seiko Epson Corporation Lens array substrate, electro-optical device, electronic apparatus, micro-lens substrate manufacturing method, and electro-optical device manufacturing method
US20180088367A1 (en) * 2016-03-08 2018-03-29 Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. Visual angle regulator and liquid crystal display
US20180002604A1 (en) * 2016-06-30 2018-01-04 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid-crystalline medium
US20190241809A1 (en) 2018-02-05 2019-08-08 Merck Patent Gmbh Compounds for the homeotropic alignment of liquid-crystalline media
US20190318706A1 (en) 2018-04-16 2019-10-17 Oculus Vr, Llc Display device with dynamic resolution enhancement
WO2019206788A1 (fr) * 2018-04-23 2019-10-31 Merck Patent Gmbh Mélange de cristaux liquides et affichage à cristaux liquides

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals", November 1997, MERCK KGAA
C. TSCHIERSKEG. PELZLS. DIELE, ANGEW. CHEM., vol. 116, 2004, pages 6340 - 6368
N.A. CLARK ET AL., LANGMUIR, vol. 26, no. 22, 2010, pages 17482 - 17488
PURE APPL. CHEM., vol. 73, no. 5, 2001, pages 888

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20230105959A1 (en) * 2020-02-13 2023-04-06 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid crystal device
CN115287082A (zh) * 2022-08-15 2022-11-04 重庆汉朗精工科技有限公司 一种负性液晶组合物及其应用

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TWI895354B (zh) 2025-09-01
DE112021001011T5 (de) 2022-12-01
TW202136871A (zh) 2021-10-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR102811120B1 (ko) 액정 매질 및 광 변조 소자
JP6463273B2 (ja) 複屈折ｒｍレンズ
KR102171914B1 (ko) 복굴절 반응성 메소젠 렌즈
EP3368637B1 (fr) Milieu à base de cristaux liquides
EP3529332B1 (fr) Milieu à cristaux liquides
CN109844064B (zh) 液晶介质
WO2021160705A1 (fr) Dispositif à cristaux liquides
US11124705B2 (en) Light modulation element
EP3841183A1 (fr) Mélange de cristaux liquides et affichage à cristaux liquides
CN110945106B (zh) 液晶介质
WO2021160633A1 (fr) Dispositif à cristaux liquides
CN112204117B (zh) 液晶介质
WO2020043643A1 (fr) Mélange de cristaux liquides et dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides
CN112500868A (zh) 液晶混合物和液晶显示器
EP3894513A2 (fr) Mélange de cristaux liquides et affichage à cristaux liquides

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 21703721

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 21703721

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1