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WO2021023606A1 - Appareil d'essai pour tester une antenne - Google Patents

Appareil d'essai pour tester une antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021023606A1
WO2021023606A1 PCT/EP2020/071456 EP2020071456W WO2021023606A1 WO 2021023606 A1 WO2021023606 A1 WO 2021023606A1 EP 2020071456 W EP2020071456 W EP 2020071456W WO 2021023606 A1 WO2021023606 A1 WO 2021023606A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
test
antenna
indicator
ant
frequency range
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2020/071456
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Franke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lisa Draexlmaier GmbH
Original Assignee
Lisa Draexlmaier GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lisa Draexlmaier GmbH filed Critical Lisa Draexlmaier GmbH
Publication of WO2021023606A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021023606A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/66—Testing of connections, e.g. of plugs or non-disconnectable joints
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/04—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant in circuits having distributed constants, e.g. having very long conductors or involving high frequencies
    • G01R27/06—Measuring reflection coefficients; Measuring standing-wave ratio

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a test device for automated testing of an antenna, in particular a coaxial antenna, in the field of antenna production.
  • coaxial antennas are often used, which are produced by removing an outer conductor from an end section of a coaxial cable. Such antennas are used, for example, for communication in accordance with the Bluetooth standard.
  • a diagnostic function is optionally provided on a connector.
  • Such connectors can be designed as FAKRA connectors, for example. In order to ensure the functionality of the antenna in use, a prior test of the functionality of the antenna is desirable during manufacture.
  • the functionality is usually only tested by measuring the direct current resistance of the antenna.
  • it can prove difficult to robustly measure the antenna DC resistance to less than 1x.
  • by measuring the DC resistance typically only faults in the connector can be measured. In particular, no information can be obtained about the properties of the antenna on the radiation element, i.e. the antenna head.
  • a short circuit in the coaxial cable, formed by a resistor with a low value, in parallel to the direct current resistance with a low value can usually not be measured robustly. In most cases, therefore, only the existence of the diagnostic function in the connector is checked.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that a large number of tests of properties of an antenna, in particular a coaxial antenna, can be carried out efficiently by measuring an input reflection factor of the antenna.
  • the antenna is connected to a vector network analyzer (VNA) and brought into a defined environment.
  • VNA vector network analyzer
  • S parameters scatter parameters
  • Sn input reflection factor
  • the invention relates to a test device for testing an antenna.
  • the antenna has a connector, a coaxial cable with an inner conductor and an outer conductor, and a radiation element with a plastic cap.
  • the radiation element is formed by removing the outer conductor at one end section of the coaxial cable and by applying the plastic cap to the end section of the coaxial cable.
  • the test device comprises a vector network analyzer, which can be connected to the antenna via the connector, the vector network analyzer being designed to measure a phase profile of an input reflection factor in a first frequency range.
  • the test device further comprises an evaluation device which is designed to carry out a short-circuit test of the coaxial cable on the basis of the phase profile in the first frequency range, to generate a short-circuit test indicator which indicates an existing short-circuit or a non-existent short-circuit, and a test indicator based on the short-circuit indicator to generate, the test indicator indicating the functionality of the antenna.
  • an evaluation device which is designed to carry out a short-circuit test of the coaxial cable on the basis of the phase profile in the first frequency range, to generate a short-circuit test indicator which indicates an existing short-circuit or a non-existent short-circuit, and a test indicator based on the short-circuit indicator to generate, the test indicator indicating the functionality of the antenna.
  • the evaluation device is designed to carry out an existence check of a diagnostic function of the connector on the basis of the phase profile in the first frequency range, to generate a diagnostic function test indicator which indicates an existing diagnostic function or a non-existent diagnostic function, and the test indicator also based on the diagnostic function check indicator to create.
  • the vector network analyzer is designed to produce an amplitude profile of the input reflection factor in a second frequency range measure, wherein the evaluation device is designed to perform a distance test of the outer conductor at the end section of the coaxial cable on the basis of the amplitude curve in the second frequency range, to generate a distance test indicator which indicates an existing outer conductor or a non-existent outer conductor, and the test indicator also on the To generate the basis of the distance verification indicator.
  • the evaluation device is designed to smooth the amplitude profile, in particular by means of a smoothing filter, at least in sections.
  • the evaluation device is designed to derive the amplitude profile in the second frequency range, to carry out an end section length check of the end section on the basis of the derivation of the amplitude profile in the second frequency range, to generate an end section length check indicator which indicates an acceptable length or an unacceptable length and to generate the test indicator further based on the tail length test indicator.
  • the evaluation device is designed to smooth the derivation of the amplitude profile, in particular by means of a smoothing filter, at least in sections.
  • the evaluation device is designed to carry out a time-domain reflectometry measurement of the antenna on the basis of the amplitude curve in the second frequency range in order to obtain a length spectrum of the antenna, to determine an overall length of the antenna on the basis of the length spectrum, to generate an overall length test indicator which has a indicates an acceptable overall length or an unacceptable overall length, and further generating the test indicator based on the overall length check indicator.
  • the evaluation device is designed to perform an inverse Fourier transform, in particular an inverse fast Fourier transform of the Perform the amplitude curve in the second frequency range in order to obtain the length spectrum of the antenna.
  • the evaluation device is designed to carry out a time-domain reflectometry measurement of the antenna on the basis of the amplitude profile in the second frequency range in order to obtain a length spectrum of the antenna, to determine a difference between the length spectrum and a pre-stored reference length spectrum in order to obtain a difference length spectrum, and a Carry out a destruction test of the antenna on the basis of the difference in length spectrum.
  • the evaluation device is designed to determine an energy of the difference length spectrum and to compare the energy with a reference energy in order to carry out the destruction test of the antenna.
  • the bandwidth of the first frequency range is smaller than the bandwidth of the second frequency range.
  • the test indicator is a binary test indicator.
  • the test device comprises a mounting socket which is arranged between the vector network analyzer and the antenna, the mounting socket being designed to mechanically decouple the vector network analyzer and the antenna from one another.
  • the invention relates to a test method for testing an antenna using a test device.
  • the antenna has a connector, a coaxial cable with an inner conductor and an outer conductor, and a radiation element with a plastic cap.
  • the radiation element is formed by removing the outer conductor at one end section of the coaxial cable and by applying the plastic cap to the end section of the coaxial cable.
  • the test device comprises a vector network analyzer and an evaluation device. The vector network analyzer can be connected to the antenna via the connector.
  • the test method comprises measuring a phase profile of an input reflection factor in a first frequency range by the vector network analyzer, carrying out a short-circuit test of the coaxial cable on the basis of the phase curve in the first frequency range by the evaluation device, generating a short-circuit test indicator by the evaluation device, which indicates an existing short circuit or a non-existent short circuit, and a generation of a test indicator on the basis of the short-circuit indicator by the evaluation device, wherein the test indicator indicates a functionality of the antenna.
  • test method can be carried out by the test device. Further features of the test method result directly from the features and / or the functionality of the test device.
  • the invention relates to a computer program product with a program code for executing the test method when the program code is executed by a test device.
  • the test device can be set up in terms of programming to execute the program code.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of a test device for testing an antenna
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a test method for testing an antenna
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a test method for testing an antenna
  • 7 shows a smoothed amplitude curve in a second frequency range
  • 8 shows a smooth derivation of an amplitude curve in a second frequency range
  • 16 shows a compilation of a phase curve, an amplitude curve, a derivation of an amplitude curve and an inverse Fourier transform
  • the antenna ANT has a connector, a coaxial cable with an inner conductor and an outer conductor, and a radiation element with a plastic cap.
  • the radiation element is formed by removing the outer conductor at one end section of the coaxial cable and by applying the plastic cap to the end section of the coaxial cable.
  • the test device 100 comprises a vector network analyzer 101, which can be connected to the antenna ANT via the connector, the vector network analyzer 101 being designed to measure a phase profile of an input reflection factor in a first frequency range.
  • the test device 100 further comprises an evaluation device 103 which is designed to carry out a short-circuit test of the coaxial cable on the basis of the phase profile in the first frequency range, to generate a short-circuit test indicator which indicates an existing short-circuit or a non-existent short-circuit, and a test indicator on the basis of the short-circuit indicator, the test indicator indicating that the antenna ANT is functional.
  • the test device 100 optionally comprises a mounting socket 105, which is arranged between the vector network analyzer 101 and the antenna ANT, the mounting socket 105 being designed to mechanically decouple the vector network analyzer 101 and the antenna ANT from one another.
  • the antenna has a connector, a coaxial cable with an inner conductor and an outer conductor, and a radiation element with a plastic cap.
  • the radiation element is formed by removing the outer conductor at one end section of the coaxial cable and by applying the plastic cap to the end section of the coaxial cable.
  • the test device comprises a vector network analyzer and an evaluation device. The vector network analyzer can be connected to the antenna via the connector.
  • the test method 200 comprises measuring 201 a phase profile of an input reflection factor in a first frequency range by the vector network analyzer, performing 203 a short-circuit test of the coaxial cable on the basis of the phase profile in the first frequency range by the evaluation device, generating 205 a short-circuit test indicator by the Evaluation device, which indicates an existing short circuit or a non-existent short circuit, and generation 207 of a test indicator on the basis of the short circuit indicator by the evaluation device, the test indicator indicating a functionality of the antenna.
  • the test method 200 can be implemented by means of a computer program product with a program code.
  • the antenna ANT has a plug connector 301, a coaxial cable 303 with an inner conductor and an outer conductor, and a radiation element 305 with a plastic cap.
  • the connector 301 can be a FAKRA connector.
  • the radiation element 305 is formed by removing the outer conductor at one end section of the coaxial cable 303 and by applying the plastic cap to the end section of the coaxial cable 303.
  • the plug connector 301 can optionally have a diagnostic function so that, for example, a control device can recognize whether the antenna ANT is suitably plugged in or not.
  • the antenna ANT can be used, for example, for communication in accordance with the Bluetooth standard.
  • the functionality of the antenna ANT is basically based on the functionality of omnidirectional antennas, such as ground plane antennas. If there is no RF opposite pole to the antenna ANT, the test of the antenna ANT can be particularly dependent on the environment. In this case, the test device should be set up with particular care. Furthermore, the antenna ANT should not be touched during the test. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a test method 200 for testing an antenna. The diagram illustrates a preferred order in which to test the characteristics of the antenna. However, the order of the individual tests can also be changed. Individual tests can also be omitted.
  • Test method 200 allows, among other things, the testing of the following antenna properties:
  • the test method 200 can provide a test indicator, for example in the form of a binary test indicator, which indicates the functionality of the antenna.
  • a test indicator for example in the form of a binary test indicator, which indicates the functionality of the antenna.
  • the antenna can be marked as "OK” (OK) or "not OK” (not OK).
  • the test setup can optionally be checked.
  • it can happen in a few cases that the connector and a corresponding test pin do not have a clean electrical contact when making contact.
  • the test device typically cannot accurately measure the characteristics of the antenna.
  • an error case can be defined that is independent of the properties of the antenna itself.
  • VNA vector network analyzer
  • 6,000 measuring points in the range from 1 MHz to 6 GHz were recorded.
  • the range of 1-200 MHz and approx. 1-3 GHz is particularly relevant.
  • the amplitude curve shows rapid oscillation, which is caused by the total length of the antenna.
  • a resonance frequency can be recognized, which among other things depends on the stripping length of the radiation element.
  • FIG. 6 shows a phase profile in a first frequency range for different total lengths of antennas.
  • the first frequency range runs, for example, at least from 0 to 200 MHz.
  • the second frequency range runs, for example, at least from 0 to 6 GHz.
  • the amplitude curve was also smoothed using a smoothing filter.
  • the second frequency range runs, for example, at least from 0 to 6 GHz.
  • the derivation of the amplitude curve was also smoothed by means of a further smoothing filter.
  • FIG. 9 shows a phase profile in a first frequency range for testing a diagnostic function that is not present in a connector.
  • the first edge is always positive if the diagnostic function is not available (arrow up); always negative if the diagnostic function is available (arrow pointing downwards).
  • 10 shows a phase profile in a first frequency range for testing a short circuit in a coaxial cable.
  • FIG. 11 shows a smoothed amplitude curve in a second frequency range for testing the correct removal of an outer conductor at an end section of a coaxial cable.
  • One or more shielding strands of the outer conductor that are not removed impair the functionality of the antenna and the resonance frequency disappears.
  • the figure shows measurement data for a single forgotten braid. If, for example, the measured value is considered at 2 GHz, the presence of shielded strands that have not been removed can be checked with a threshold value comparison or limit test (vertical line).
  • FIG. 13 shows a compilation of a phase curve, an amplitude curve, a derivation of an amplitude curve and an inverse Fourier transform.
  • the phase curve runs in a first frequency range from 0 to 250 MHz.
  • the amplitude curve and the derivation of the amplitude curve run in a second frequency range from 0 to 6 GHz.
  • the amplitude curve is optionally converted into the time or location range from 0 to 2 m, taking into account the propagation speed of the signals.
  • the composition concerns a fully functional antenna.
  • 14 shows a compilation of a phase curve, an amplitude curve, a derivation of an amplitude curve and an inverse Fourier transform.
  • the compilation concerns a test for the existence of a diagnostic function in the connector.
  • the test is not successful if the first phase jump has a positive edge. It is checked whether the first edge with limit value 0 in a defined frequency range, for example from 5 to 200 MHz, is positive.
  • the composition relates to an antenna in which the connector has no diagnostic function. The test is aborted with a negative result.
  • the compilation concerns a short circuit test between an inner and outer conductor of a coaxial cable.
  • the test is not successful if there is no phase jump in the frequency range from 5 to 200 MHz. It is checked whether there is no edge with limit value 0 in a defined frequency range from 5 to 200 MHz.
  • the composition relates to an antenna in which there is a short circuit.
  • the test is aborted with a negative result.
  • 16 shows a compilation of a phase curve, an amplitude curve, a derivation of an amplitude curve and an inverse Fourier transform.
  • the compilation relates to a test for correct removal of an outer conductor at an end section of a coaxial cable.
  • the test is unsuccessful if an increase in the amplitude curve is detected in a frequency range up to approx. 2 GHz. It is checked whether a limit value of the measuring point at 2 GHz has been exceeded.
  • FIG. 17 shows an amplitude curve of a smoothing filter.
  • the test for correct removal of an outer conductor at an end section of a coaxial cable from FIG. 16 is preferably carried out on the basis of a smoothed amplitude curve. This separates the relevant information about the radiation element or the antenna head from the properties of the coaxial cable.
  • a Gaussian filter for example, is suitable for smoothing the amplitude curve, which can be used using the following program code:
  • the filter window can be set according to the formula be calculated.
  • N are the width of the FilterLength window, ⁇ a factor with a standard value of 2.5, and - (N - 1) / 2 ⁇ n ⁇ (N - 1) / 2) applies.
  • ⁇ (N - 1) / (2 ⁇ ) the formula can be converted into the familiar representation of a Gaussian function.
  • the normalized filter window is used as an input for the transfer function used.
  • the formula is simplified to a weighted mean:
  • b (n) are the coefficients from the filter window w (n)
  • x (n) are the input values from the measurement
  • y (n) are the values of the smoothed function.
  • the respective combination relates to a test for the correct length of an end section of a coaxial cable.
  • the test is unsuccessful if there is a shift in the frequency of the minimum of the amplitude curve. It is checked whether there is no positive edge with a limit value of 0 dB / Hz in a defined frequency range around the measured resonance frequency.
  • the arrangement in FIG. 18 relates to an antenna with a 2 mm shortened length, which is recognized on the basis of the derivation of the amplitude curve. The test is aborted with a negative result.
  • the arrangement in FIG. 19 relates to an antenna with 2 mm longer, which is recognized on the basis of the derivation of the amplitude curve. The test is aborted with a negative result.
  • the derivation can be smoothed analogously according to the following sample program code:
  • FIG. 20 shows a compilation of a phase curve, an amplitude curve, a derivation of an amplitude curve and an inverse Fourier transform.
  • the compilation concerns a test of the total length of the antenna.
  • the test is unsuccessful if there is a shift in the location of the reflection at the end portion of the antenna. It is checked whether the tip of the cable end in the position representation, i.e. the inverse Fourier transform of the amplitude curve, leaves a defined area.
  • T11 ifft (
  • composition concerns an antenna with an incorrect overall length.
  • the test is aborted with a negative result.
  • FIGS. 21 to 25 each show an inverse Fourier transform of an amplitude curve in a local area representation.
  • 21 relates to an antenna with a short circuit
  • Fig. 22 relates to a fully functional antenna
  • 23 relates to an antenna with a shortened end portion
  • Fig. 24 relates to an antenna with an elongated end portion
  • FIG. 25 relates to an antenna with no diagnostic function.
  • the test device can optionally check whether the antenna has been successfully destroyed in order to reliably identify it as reject.
  • the antenna concerned can be destroyed before it is removed.
  • This can be realized, for example, by a mechanical cutting device, by means of which the coaxial cable of the antenna is severed.
  • the antenna can also be cut by a person using a side cutter.
  • the test device can be used to measure the successful destruction of the antenna.
  • the examination of the destruction of the antenna can be achieved particularly easily by a new measurement and a comparison of the inverse Fourier transforms before and after the destruction.
  • the measured scattering parameter ⁇ (f) are measured values in the frequency domain. These can be converted into the time domain ⁇ (t) with the help of the inverse Fourier transformation. The times can then be converted into local points using the known propagation speed of the signal in the coaxial cable.
  • the energy calculated in this way can be compared with a reference energy as a limit value and a destruction of the antenna can thus be reliably detected even with one-sided contact.
  • the measured values are typically> 0.1 by way of example.
  • the values, caused by the finite repeatability are at least 2 orders of magnitude lower.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Transmission In General (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil d'essai (100) servant à tester une antenne (ANT). L'appareil d'essai (100) comprend un analyseur de réseau vectoriel (101) qui peut être connecté à l'antenne (ANT) par l'intermédiaire de la fiche de connexion, l'analyseur de réseau vectoriel (101) étant conçu pour mesurer un profil de phase d'un facteur de réflexion d'entrée dans une première plage de fréquences. L'appareil d'essai (100) comprend en outre un dispositif d'évaluation (103) qui est conçu pour effectuer un essai en court-circuit du câble coaxial sur la base du profil de phase dans la première plage de fréquences, pour générer un indicateur d'essai en court-circuit qui indique la présence ou l'absence d'un court-circuit, et pour générer un indicateur d'essai sur la base de l'indicateur de court-circuit, l'indicateur d'essai indiquant une fonctionnalité de l'antenne (ANT). L'appareil d'essai (100) comprend éventuellement un support de montage (105) qui est conçu pour désaccoupler mécaniquement l'analyseur de réseau vectoriel (101) et l'antenne (ANT) l'un de l'autre. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé d'essai correspondant ainsi qu'un produit programme d'ordinateur correspondant.
PCT/EP2020/071456 2019-08-08 2020-07-30 Appareil d'essai pour tester une antenne Ceased WO2021023606A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019121410.6A DE102019121410A1 (de) 2019-08-08 2019-08-08 Testvorrichtung zum testen einer antenne
DE102019121410.6 2019-08-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021023606A1 true WO2021023606A1 (fr) 2021-02-11

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PCT/EP2020/071456 Ceased WO2021023606A1 (fr) 2019-08-08 2020-07-30 Appareil d'essai pour tester une antenne

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WO (1) WO2021023606A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116381358A (zh) * 2023-04-12 2023-07-04 哈尔滨工业大学 一种高压电力电缆局部缺陷在线检测方法及装置

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