WO2021015235A1 - 透析装置 - Google Patents
透析装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021015235A1 WO2021015235A1 PCT/JP2020/028429 JP2020028429W WO2021015235A1 WO 2021015235 A1 WO2021015235 A1 WO 2021015235A1 JP 2020028429 W JP2020028429 W JP 2020028429W WO 2021015235 A1 WO2021015235 A1 WO 2021015235A1
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- dialysate
- blood
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1654—Dialysates therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1654—Dialysates therefor
- A61M1/1656—Apparatus for preparing dialysates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
- A61M2202/02—Gases
- A61M2202/0266—Nitrogen (N)
- A61M2202/0275—Nitric oxide [NO]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
- A61M2205/3334—Measuring or controlling the flow rate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dialysis machine.
- the present application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-134512 filed in Japan on July 22, 2019, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Hemodialysis therapy is an indispensable treatment for the life support of patients with end-stage renal disease.
- hemodialysis therapy itself causes inflammation and weakened immunity in the patient's body, which causes complications in long-term dialysis patients.
- One of the causes is activation of neutrophils, monocytes, etc. by contacting the patient's blood with the material surface of the blood circuit and dialysis membrane, which are originally foreign substances, and oxidative stress due to the release of various cytokines and active oxygen. Side effects such as increased dialysis and activation of platelets are considered.
- the activated platelet aggregates adhere to and aggregate on the material surface of the blood circuit and dialysis membrane, and then are peeled off by the bloodstream. As a platelet aggregate, it is transferred into the living body.
- the platelet release factors released with platelet activation there are substances that activate platelets and leukocytes and promote arteriosclerosis, and long-term repeated platelet activation is also a complication of dialysis patients. It is believed that it may be involved in.
- NO nitric oxide
- nitric oxide synthase of vascular endothelial cells nitric oxide synthase of vascular endothelial cells
- NO is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation and leukocytes. It is known to exhibit many actions such as inhibition of adhesion and inhibition of migration and adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelial cells (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
- NO 2 - which is referred
- An object of the present invention is to provide a dialysis apparatus having few side effects.
- a dialyzer having a blood flow path and a dialysate flow path, a dialysate supply flow path for supplying dialysate to the dialysate flow path, and a dialysate for discharging dialysate from the dialysate flow path.
- the dialysate is provided with a drainage channel, a blood supply channel for supplying blood to the blood channel, and a blood drainage channel for discharging blood from the blood channel, and the dialysate is nitrogen monoxide and / or nitrite.
- a dialysis machine containing ions and having a concentration of nitrogen monoxide of 0.5 to 10 ⁇ M or a concentration of nitrite ions of 40 to 120 ⁇ M.
- a dialysis apparatus in which the concentration of nitric oxide contained in the dialysate is 0.5 to 6 ⁇ M, or the concentration of nitrite ions contained in the dialysate is 50 to 100 ⁇ M.
- the dialyzer or the dialysate supply channel comprises a material that releases nitric oxide and / or nitrite ions.
- the dialysis apparatus is a dialyzer including a blood flow path and a dialysate flow path, a dialysate supply flow path for supplying dialysate to the dialysate flow path, and a dialysate flow path.
- the dialysate is NO. It is provided with a dialysate discharge flow path for discharging the dialysate, a blood supply flow path for supplying blood to the blood flow path, and a blood discharge flow path for discharging blood from the blood flow path. and / or NO 2 - contained, or the concentration of NO is 0.5 ⁇ 10 [mu] M, or NO 2 - concentration in a 40 ⁇ 120 .mu.M.
- the dialysate may contain only NO, NO 2 - only may contain, NO and NO 2 - may contain.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating the structure of the dialysis machine of the first embodiment.
- the dialysing device 100 includes a dialyzer 130 including a blood flow path 110, a dialysate flow path 120, a dialysate supply flow path 140 for supplying dialysate to the dialysate flow path 120, and a dialysate supply flow path 140.
- dialysate In dialysis apparatus 100, dialysate, NO and / or NO 2 - containing.
- the NO concentration contained in the dialysate is 0.5 to 10 ⁇ M, for example 0.5 to 6 ⁇ M, for example 3 to 5 ⁇ M.
- the NO 2 - concentration contained in the dialysate is 40 to 120 ⁇ M, for example 50 to 100 ⁇ M, for example 60 to 90 ⁇ M.
- the inventors dialysate NO or NO 2 - contained, NO or NO 2 contained in the dialysate - the concentration of performing dialysis with a dialysis device in the range of the It was clarified that side effects such as blood coagulation were suppressed, no adverse events occurred, and the dialysis treatment effect was high.
- NO is the following formula in water (1) to (5) is hydrolyzed by the reaction shown in finally NO 2 - and NO 3 - changes.
- ⁇ NO + 1 / 2O 2 ⁇ ⁇ NO 2 (1) 2.
- NO 2 ⁇ N 2 O 4 (2)
- ⁇ NO + ⁇ NO 2 ⁇ N 2 O 3 (4)
- NO and NO 2 - is inhibiting platelet aggregation, adhesion inhibiting leukocyte, but shows the effect of such migration, suppressing adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells, NO 3 - such not act on the. Therefore, NO in the dialysate is at least partially NO 2 - or NO 3 - may be changed to a, NO or NO 2 - is preferably of the form.
- NO concentration is difficult to measure directly, after complete hydrolysis of NO, NO 2 - and NO 3 - it is convenient to measurement as the sum of the concentration.
- NO and NO 2 - total concentration of, after complete hydrolysis of NO, NO 2 - is measured as the sum of the concentrations - and NO 3.
- a dialysis membrane such as a hollow fiber membrane is arranged inside the dialyzer 130, and the blood flow path 110 and the dialysate flow path 120 are in contact with each other via the dialysis membrane.
- the blood flowing through the blood flow path 110 and the dialysate flowing through the dialysate flow path 120 exchange components that can permeate the dialysate membrane inside the dialyzer 130.
- the dialysis apparatus 100 further includes a NO gas supply source 180, a flow meter 190 connected to the NO gas supply source 180, and a NO gas supply path 200 for supplying NO gas to the dialysate. I have.
- the NO gas supply path 200 is connected to the dialysate supply flow path 140, and NO is added to the dialysate. Then, the dialysate to which NO is added flows through the dialysate supply flow path 140 on the dialyzer 130 side from the connection portion between the dialysate supply flow path 140 and the NO gas supply path 200.
- the dialysate to which NO is added comes into contact with the blood flowing through the blood flow path 110 via the dialysis membrane inside the dialyzer 130. Then, NO in the dialysate is added to the blood. The NO-added blood flows through the blood drainage channel 170 and is returned to the patient's body.
- the biocompatibility of the material surface of the blood flow path and the dialysis membrane, which are originally foreign substances, is improved, and blood dialysis treatment and blood purification performed in an intensive treatment room (ICU) or the like are performed. It is possible to suppress side effects such as blood coagulation reaction in therapy and the like.
- ICU intensive treatment room
- the dialysate according to the second embodiment is a dialyzer including a blood flow path and a dialysate flow path, a dialysate supply flow path for supplying dialysate to the dialysate flow path, and a dialysate flow path.
- the dialysate is NO. It is provided with a dialysate discharge flow path for discharging the dialysate, a blood supply flow path for supplying blood to the blood flow path, and a blood discharge flow path for discharging blood from the blood flow path. and / or NO 2 - contained, or the concentration of NO is 0.5 ⁇ 10 [mu] M, or NO 2 - concentration in a 40 ⁇ 120 .mu.M.
- the dialyzer or the dialysate supply flow path, NO and / or NO 2 - comprises a material that releases.
- NO and / or NO 2 - materials that release may be a material that emits only NO, NO 2 - may be a material that emits only, NO and NO 2 - releasing material It may be. NO and / or NO 2 -
- Dialysis apparatus of the second embodiment NO in optimum concentration in the dialysate and / or NO 2 - a means to contain, NO and / or NO 2 - in the first embodiment in that it includes a material which releases Mainly different from dialysis machines.
- Dialysis apparatus of the second embodiment NO and / or NO 2 - other than materials that release NO and / or NO 2 - may further comprise a supply means.
- NO and / or NO 2 - NO and / or other than materials that release NO 2 - as the supplying means for example, similar to those in dialysis apparatus of the first embodiment, the NO gas source, the NO gas source Examples include a connected flow meter, a NO gas supply path for supplying NO gas to the dialysate, and the like.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating the structure of the dialysis machine of the second embodiment.
- the dialysing device 300 includes a dialyzer 130 including a blood flow path 110, a dialysate flow path 120, and a dialysate supply flow path 140 for supplying dialysate to the dialysate flow path 120.
- a dialysate discharge flow path 150 for discharging dialysate from the dialysate flow path 120, a blood supply flow path 160 for supplying blood to the blood flow path 110, and a blood discharge flow path 170 for discharging blood from the blood flow path 110.
- the dialysate supply channel 140, NO and / or NO 2 - materials that release is connected.
- NO and / or NO 2 - materials that release is a column 320 containing NO donor containing microcapsules 310 that releases NO.
- NO and NO 2 in the dialysate - concentrations are similar to those in dialysis apparatus of the first embodiment.
- the NO concentration contained in the dialysate is 0.5 to 10 ⁇ M, for example 0.5 to 6 ⁇ M, for example 3 to 5 ⁇ M.
- the NO 2 - concentration contained in the dialysate is 40 to 120 ⁇ M, for example 50 to 100 ⁇ M, for example 60 to 90 ⁇ M.
- NOR1 CAS Number: 163032-70-0, half-life 1.8 minutes
- NOR3 CAS Number: 138472-01-2, Half-life 30 minutes
- NOR4 CAS number: 162626-99-5, half-life 60 minutes
- NOR5 CAS number: 17402-00-5, half-life 20 hours
- NOC5 CAS number: 146724-82-5)
- NOC7 CAS number: 146724-84-7, half-life 5 minutes
- NOC12 CAS number: 146724-89-2, half-life 100 minutes
- NOC18 CAS number: 146724-94- 9, NO donors half-life 21 hours
- Cu-Pd catalyst, cyclen / Cu (II) such as catalysts, NO and the substances contained in the bio / or NO 2 - catalyst material to generate; for example nitrous sodium nitrate, NO 2, such as calcium nitrite - compounds containing
- Microcapsules are capsules that have a core substance and a wall material that covers it. By combining the core material and the wall material, it is possible to provide various functions such as improvement of stability, simplification of handleability, and impartation of sustained release.
- the method for producing NO and / or NO 2 - donor-containing microcapsules is not particularly limited, and for example, an interfacial polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, a dispersion polymerization method, an Insitu polymerization method, or an emulsion.
- Chemical methods such as polymerization method and in-liquid curing method; physicochemical methods such as in-liquid drying method, phase inversion emulsification method, heteroaggregation method, coacervation method; other methods such as high-speed airflow impact method, spray-drying method, etc. It may be produced by any method such as the above method.
- NO and / or NO 2 - by microencapsulating the donor, NO and / or NO 2 - to maintain the supply of - sustained release and application of the time NO and / or NO 2 required for dialysis treatment or it enables and supplies the dialysate NO and / or NO 2 - effects such as the density adjustment becomes easy is obtained.
- Dialysis apparatus of the second embodiment the dialysate supply channel 140, NO and / or NO 2 -
- the material which releases are connected to the material may be the features within dialyzer 130 according.
- Rats 8-12 week old male Sprague Dawley rats (body weight 300-400 g) were used. Rats were anesthetized by inhalation using 1.5-3.0% isoflurane as an anesthetic. Blood was removed from the carotid artery and peripheral blood was drawn from the tail vein. The blood flow rate was 0.5 to 1.0 mL / min, the dialysate flow rate was 3 mL / min, and hemodialysis was performed for 4 hours by a parallel flow operation. Heparin was administered at 0.7 units / g at the start of dialysis.
- a cellulose triacetate membrane, 140 hollow fibers, an effective length of 146 mm, and a membrane area of 0.014 m 2 for small rats were used.
- An extracorporeal perfusion type polymethylpentene membrane type artificial lung was used for gas exchange.
- NO gas whose concentration was adjusted to 200 ppm, 400 ppm and 800 ppm was added to the dialysate via a gas exchanger.
- nitrogen gas (N 2 ) was added to the dialysate instead of NO gas.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a circulation circuit in which a dialysis machine is connected to a rat.
- the experiment was conducted with the circulation time set to 4 hours. When the dialyzer inlet pressure or venous pressure exceeded 250 mmHg, the circulation was terminated. If the circulation for 4 hours was possible, the residual blood in the dialyzer was evaluated.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the 4-hour circulation achievement rate.
- Control indicates that it is the result of the control group
- 200 ppm", “400 ppm”, and “800 ppm” are the results of the group in which each concentration of NO gas was supplied to the dialysate. Shown.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the measurement result of NO concentration.
- the NO concentration in blood at the start of circulation was 0 ⁇ M.
- the NO concentration in the dialysate in the dialysate supply flow path was 2 ⁇ M in the group in which 800 ppm of NO gas was supplied to the dialysate. From the above results, the supplied "200 ppm" and "400 ppm” NO gases are calculated to be 0.5 ⁇ M and 1 ⁇ M, respectively, in the dialysate.
- the NO concentration in the blood (out) on the venous side of the dialysis machine is higher than the NO concentration in the blood (in) on the arterial side of the dialysis machine. It was confirmed that NO was added. The amount of increase in NO concentration was about 3 ⁇ M.
- the NO concentration in the dialysate (out) in the dialysate discharge channel is lower than the NO concentration in the dialysate (in) in the dialysate supply flow path, and the dialysing device Further supported the addition of NO to the blood. The amount of decrease in NO concentration was about 1 ⁇ M.
- dialysate flow rate about 1: 3. Therefore, it was considered that the mass balance between the amount of increase in NO concentration in blood (about 3 ⁇ M) and the amount of decrease in NO concentration in dialysate (about 1 ⁇ M) was appropriate.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the measurement results of the residual blood LDH activity value.
- Control indicates that it is the result of the control group
- 200 ppm", “400 ppm”, and “800 ppm” are the results of the group in which each concentration of NO gas was supplied to the dialysate. Shown.
- "*” indicates that there was a significant difference at Tukey's test result p ⁇ 0.05
- "**" indicates that there was a significant difference at Tukey's test result p ⁇ 0.01. Is shown.
- the residual blood LDH activity value was significantly lower than that of the control group in any of the groups in which 200 ppm, 400 ppm, and 800 ppm of NO gas were supplied to the dialysate. It was also clarified that the higher the NO concentration, the lower the residual blood LDH activity value. This result indicates that the higher the amount of NO gas supplied to the dialysate, the more effective the blood coagulation inhibitory effect.
- the amount of residual blood Hb was the same as the residual blood LDH activity value, and the amount of residual blood Hb was higher in all groups in which 200 ppm, 400 ppm, and 800 ppm of NO gas were supplied to the dialysate as compared with the control group. It was revealed that the value was significantly low. In addition, since Met-Hb was less than 10% in all NO-added groups, it was confirmed that no adverse event occurred when NO gas having a concentration of at least 200 to 800 ppm was supplied to the dialysate.
- the NO concentration at which the 4-hour circulation achievement rate was 100% and the NO concentration at which the residual blood LDH activity value was 0 U / L were calculated and found to be 5.4 ⁇ M and 6 ⁇ M, respectively. there were.
- NO donor-containing microcapsules were prepared.
- NOC5 CAS number: 146724-82-5, half-life 25 minutes
- NOC12 CAS number: 146724-89-2, half-life 100 minutes
- the continuous phase and the dispersed phase were mixed and placed in an eggplant-shaped flask, and dried in liquid at 40 ° C. for 3 hours under reduced pressure. After drying in the liquid, the solution in the eggplant-shaped flask was suction-filtered with a glass filter, washed with petroleum ether, and the formed microcapsules were collected. The recovered microcapsules were in the form of fine white powder. The amount of recovered microcapsules was 0.0470 to 0.1247 g.
- each of dialysate was collected 10, 25, 50, and 100 minutes after the dialysate and the microcapsules came into contact with each other.
- 2 mL each of dialysate was collected 10, 30, 50, 100, 150, and 180 minutes after the dialysate and the microcapsules came into contact with each other.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the measurement results of the NO concentration in the dialysate in contact with the column containing the NOC5-containing microcapsules.
- Approximate formula C 14.21858e ⁇ 0.00778t (where C represents the NO concentration [ ⁇ M] and t represents the time [minutes]) was obtained by exponential regression. From the obtained approximation formula, the NO concentration (initial concentration) at 0 minutes was calculated to be about 14 ⁇ M. The half-life at which the initial concentration was halved (about 7 ⁇ M) was calculated to be 87 minutes.
- the half-life of the NO release amount of NOC5 is 25 minutes, it was clarified that the sustained release property could be imparted by microencapsulation.
- the NO concentration in the dialysate could be maintained above 4 ⁇ M for at least 100 minutes after the NOC5 microcapsules came into contact with the dialysate.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the measurement results of the NO concentration in the dialysate in contact with the column containing the NOC12-containing microcapsules.
- Approximate formula C 9.15193e- 0.00118t (where C represents the NO concentration [ ⁇ M] and t represents the time [minutes]) was obtained by exponential regression. From the obtained approximation formula, the NO concentration (initial concentration) at 0 minutes was calculated to be about 9 ⁇ M. The half-life at which the initial concentration was halved (about 4.5 ⁇ M) was calculated to be 587 minutes.
- Rats 8-12 week old male Sprague Dawley rats (body weight 300-400 g) were used. Rats were anesthetized by inhalation using 1.5-3.0% isoflurane as an anesthetic. Blood was removed from the carotid artery and peripheral blood was drawn from the tail vein. The blood flow rate was 0.5 to 1.0 mL / min, the dialysate flow rate was 3 mL / min, and hemodialysis was performed for 4 hours by a parallel flow operation. Heparin was administered at 0.7 units / g at the start of dialysis.
- a cellulose triacetate membrane, 140 hollow fibers, an effective length of 146 mm, and a membrane area of 0.014 m 2 for small rats were used.
- the experiment was conducted with the circulation time set to 4 hours.
- the dialyzer inlet pressure or venous pressure exceeded 250 mmHg, the circulation was terminated. Both groups were able to circulate stably for 4 hours.
- the blood pressure (arterial pressure) during circulation was stable for 4 hours in the 40 ⁇ M and 80 ⁇ M sodium nitrite-added groups as in the control group, but was stable in the 120 ⁇ M sodium nitrite-added group as compared with the control group. Blood pressure was significantly lower. In the 120 ⁇ M group, it is considered that vascular relaxation of peripheral blood vessels occurred and blood pressure decreased.
- the Met-Hb concentration was 2% or less in all groups, which was below 10%, which is said to be a harmful range.
- the dialyzer was washed with 10 mL of Latex Injection, followed by a 0.5% Triton® solution circulated for 2 hours. Then, the LDH activity value in the washing solution was measured using a commercially available kit (“Cytotoxicity Detection KitPLUS (LDH)”, Roche Diagnostics) to obtain the residual blood LDH activity value.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the measurement results of the residual blood LDH activity value.
- Control indicates that it is the result of the control group
- 40 ⁇ M indicates that it is the result of the control group
- 80 ⁇ M indicates the results of the group in which each concentration of sodium nitrite was supplied to the dialysate. Is shown.
- * indicates that there was a significant difference at Tukey's test result p ⁇ 0.05
- ** indicates that there was a significant difference at Tukey's test result p ⁇ 0.01. Is shown.
- the residual blood LDH activity value was significantly lower in any of the groups in which 40 ⁇ M, 80 ⁇ M, and 120 ⁇ M sodium nitrite were added to the dialysate as compared with the control group. Further, it was clarified that the residual blood LDH activity value was lower at 80 ⁇ M and 120 ⁇ M as compared with 40 ⁇ M.
- the amount of residual blood Hb was significantly lower in the group in which 80 ⁇ M and 120 ⁇ M sodium nitrite was added to the dialysate than in the control group.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2019年7月22日に、日本に出願された特願2019-134512号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
[1]血液流路と、透析液流路とを備える透析器と、前記透析液流路に透析液を供給する透析液供給流路と、前記透析液流路から透析液を排出する透析液排出流路と、前記血液流路に血液を供給する血液供給流路と、前記血液流路から血液を排出する血液排出流路と、を備え、前記透析液が一酸化窒素及び/又は亜硝酸イオンを含有し、一酸化窒素の濃度が0.5~10μMであるか、又は亜硝酸イオンの濃度が、40~120μMである、透析装置。
[2]前記透析液が含有する一酸化窒素の濃度が、0.5~6μMであるか、又は前記透析液が含有する亜硝酸イオンの濃度が、50~100μMである、透析装置。
[3]前記透析器又は前記透析液供給流路は、一酸化窒素及び/又は亜硝酸イオンを放出する材料を備える、[1]又は[2]に記載の透析装置。
[4]一酸化窒素ガス供給源と、前記一酸化窒素ガス供給源に接続された流量計と、前記一酸化窒素ガスを前記透析液に供給するための一酸化窒素ガス供給経路とを更に備える、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の透析装置。
第1実施形態に係る透析装置は、血液流路と、透析液流路とを備える透析器と、前記透析液流路に透析液を供給する透析液供給流路と、前記透析液流路から透析液を排出する透析液排出流路と、前記血液流路に血液を供給する血液供給流路と、前記血液流路から血液を排出する血液排出流路と、を備え、前記透析液がNO及び/又はNO2 -を含有し、NOの濃度が0.5~10μMであるか、又はNO2 -の濃度が、40~120μMである。本実施形態の透析装置において、透析液は、NOのみを含有していてもよく、NO2 -のみを含有していてもよく、NO及びNO2 -を含有していてもよい。
・NO+1/2O2 → ・NO2 (1)
2・NO2 ⇔ N2O4 (2)
N2N4+H2O ⇔ NO2 -+NO3 -+2H+ (3)
・NO+・NO2 ⇔ N2O3 (4)
N2O3+H2O → 2NO2 -+2H+ (5)
第2実施形態に係る透析装置は、血液流路と、透析液流路とを備える透析器と、前記透析液流路に透析液を供給する透析液供給流路と、前記透析液流路から透析液を排出する透析液排出流路と、前記血液流路に血液を供給する血液供給流路と、前記血液流路から血液を排出する血液排出流路と、を備え、前記透析液がNO及び/又はNO2 -を含有し、NOの濃度が0.5~10μMであるか、又はNO2 -の濃度が、40~120μMである。前記透析器又は前記透析液供給流路は、NO及び/又はNO2 -を放出する材料を備える。
(NOの指摘濃度の検討)
透析液に供給するNOの量を変化させてラットの血液透析を行い、NOの至適濃度について検討した。
実験中、ダイアライザ入口圧又は静脈圧が上昇し、ダイアライザ内血液凝固又は回路内血液凝固と判断し、循環を途中で中止した場合があった。そこで、全ての群で、全実験回数に対する4時間循環達成回数を4時間循環達成率として算出した。
800ppmのNOガスを透析液に供給した群について、循環開始から1時間後に、透析器の動脈側の血液(in)、透析器の静脈側の血液(out)、透析器に透析液を供給する透析液供給流路内の透析液(in)、透析器から透析液を排出する透析液排出流路内の透析液(out)をそれぞれ採取し、市販のキット(「OxiSelect In Vitro Nitric Oxide(Nitrite/Nitrate)Assay Kit(Colorimetric)」、Cell Biolabs社)を用いてNO濃度を測定した。NO濃度は、NOを完全に加水分解させた後、NO2 -及びNO3 -の濃度の合計として測定した。このため、以下、NO及びNO2 -の合計の濃度をNO濃度という場合がある。
4時間の循環終了後、ダイアライザをラクテック注10mLで洗浄し、その後0.5%トライトン(登録商標)溶液を2時間循環させた。その後、市販のキット(「Cytotoxicity Detection KitPLUS(LDH)」、ロシュ・ダイアグノスティックス社)を用いて洗浄液中のLDH活性値の測定を行い、残血LDH活性値とした。
(NOドナー含有マイクロカプセルの作製)
NOドナー含有マイクロカプセルを作製した。NOドナーとして、NOC5(CAS番号:146724-82-5、半減期25分)及びNOC12(CAS番号:146724-89-2、半減期100分)を用いた。
得られたNOC5含有マイクロカプセル及びNOC12含有マイクロカプセルの全量をそれぞれカラムに詰めて送液チューブを接続した。続いて、1mL/分の流量で透析液を送液し、透析液とマイクロカプセルを接触させた。
(亜硝酸塩の至適濃度の検討)
透析液に供給する亜硝酸塩の量を変化させてラットの血液透析を行い、亜硝酸塩の至適濃度について検討した。
Claims (4)
- 血液流路と、透析液流路とを備える透析器と、
前記透析液流路に透析液を供給する透析液供給流路と、
前記透析液流路から透析液を排出する透析液排出流路と、
前記血液流路に血液を供給する血液供給流路と、
前記血液流路から血液を排出する血液排出流路と、を備え、
前記透析液が一酸化窒素及び/又は亜硝酸イオンを含有し、一酸化窒素の濃度が0.5~10μMであるか、又は亜硝酸イオンの濃度が、40~120μMである、透析装置。 - 前記透析液が含有する一酸化窒素の濃度が、0.5~6μMであるか、又は前記透析液が含有する亜硝酸イオンの濃度が、50~100μMである、請求項1に記載の透析装置。
- 前記透析器又は前記透析液供給流路は、一酸化窒素及び/又は亜硝酸イオンを放出する材料を備える、請求項1又は2に記載の透析装置。
- 一酸化窒素ガス供給源と、前記一酸化窒素ガス供給源に接続された流量計と、前記一酸化窒素ガスを前記透析液に供給するための一酸化窒素ガス供給経路とを更に備える、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の透析装置。
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| CN202080059293.4A CN114364411A (zh) | 2019-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | 透析装置 |
| EP20844930.6A EP4005611B1 (en) | 2019-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | Dialysis device |
| US17/628,679 US20220331500A1 (en) | 2019-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | Dialyzer |
| JP2021534070A JP7469816B2 (ja) | 2019-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | 透析装置 |
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| HK1200355A1 (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2015-08-07 | 通用医疗公司 | Treatment of red blood cells |
| EP3609552B1 (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2025-12-10 | The Regents of The University of Michigan | Gas delivery devices |
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| US12128166B2 (en) | 2022-12-16 | 2024-10-29 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Systems and methods for using nitric oxide in dialysis |
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| EP4005611A1 (en) | 2022-06-01 |
| KR20220058537A (ko) | 2022-05-09 |
| KR102875863B1 (ko) | 2025-10-23 |
| EP4005611B1 (en) | 2025-11-26 |
| CN114364411A (zh) | 2022-04-15 |
| US20220331500A1 (en) | 2022-10-20 |
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