WO2021095633A1 - R-Fe-B系焼結磁石 - Google Patents
R-Fe-B系焼結磁石 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021095633A1 WO2021095633A1 PCT/JP2020/041346 JP2020041346W WO2021095633A1 WO 2021095633 A1 WO2021095633 A1 WO 2021095633A1 JP 2020041346 W JP2020041346 W JP 2020041346W WO 2021095633 A1 WO2021095633 A1 WO 2021095633A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
- C22C2202/02—Magnetic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an R-Fe-B-based rare earth sintered magnet in which the residual magnetic flux density is improved while suppressing the decrease in coercive force.
- R-Fe-B-based sintered magnets are functional materials indispensable for energy saving and high functionality, and their application range and production volume are expanding year by year. For example, it is used in drive motors and electric power steering motors in hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles, compressor motors for air conditioners, voice coil motors (VCMs) for hard disk drives, and the like.
- VCMs voice coil motors
- the high residual magnetic flux density (hereinafter referred to as Br) of the R-Fe-B-based sintered magnet is a great advantage, but for example, in order to further reduce the size of the motor, further Br Is required to be improved.
- Methods for increasing Br of R-Fe-B-based sintered magnets include a method of reducing the R content in order to increase the proportion of the R 2 Fe 14 B phase in the sintered magnet, and a method of reducing the R 2 Fe 14 B phase.
- a method of reducing the amount of an additive element that dissolves in a solid solution and lowers Br has been known.
- H cJ coercive force related to the heat resistance of the sintered magnet
- Patent Document 1 the content of B is reduced from the stoichiometric composition, 0.1 to 1.0% by mass of Ga is added, and B, Nd are added. , Pr, C, Ga, and the values of [B] / ([Nd] + [Pr]) and ([Ga] + [C]) / [B] are adjusted to satisfy a specific relationship. By doing so, a sintered magnet capable of obtaining high H cJ even in a composition in which the amount of heavy rare earth elements such as Dy and Tb is reduced has been proposed.
- Patent Document 2 the content of B is set to about the stoichiometric composition to suppress the formation of R 1.1 Fe 4 B 4 phase, thereby increasing Br. It has been proposed to obtain a sintered magnet having. Furthermore, by containing 0.01 to 0.08% by mass of Ga, the precipitation of the R 2 Fe 17 phase, which causes a decrease in H cJ when B falls below the stoichiometric composition, is suppressed. , It is described that high Br and high H cJ can be compatible.
- Patent Document 3 when a structure having an R—Ga—C enriched portion is formed to improve H cJ by making the fine powder particle size of the raw material finer, It has been proposed that even when a large amount of lubricant is added to suppress the decrease in orientation, the H cJ does not decrease and a high H cJ can be obtained.
- the amount of heavy rare earth elements such as Dy and Tb used is relatively reduced by adding 0.1% by mass or more of Ga, so that the saturation magnetization of the R 2 Fe 14 B phase
- the addition of Ga reduces the saturation magnetization of the R 2 Fe 14 B phase, so that Br cannot always be sufficiently improved.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and by adjusting and optimizing the amount ratio and structure of the constituent elements of the R-Fe-B-based sintered magnet, a high Br and stable H cJ It is an object of the present invention to provide an R-Fe-B-based sintered magnet having the above.
- R is one or more elements selected from rare earth elements and requires Nd
- B M
- M is Si, Al, Mn, Ni
- Co Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Pt, Au, Hg, Pb, Bi
- X Ti, Zr, Hf
- the present invention provides the following R-Fe-B-based sintered magnets.
- R is one or more elements selected from rare earth elements, Nd is essential
- 5.0-6.5 atomic% B 0.15- From 5.0 atomic% M
- M is Si, Al, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Pt, Au, Hg, Pb, Bi
- X is one or more elements selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta), 0.1 to 1.
- R-Fe- which contains 6 atomic% C and has a composition in which the balance is Fe, O and unavoidable impurities, and contains a main phase which is an R 2 Fe 14 B intermetallic compound and a grain boundary phase.
- An R-Fe-B based sintered magnet characterized in that the area ratio of the -C phase exceeds 0 and is 0.5% or less.
- the R-Fe-B-based sintered magnet of the present invention by adjusting the structure morphology consisting of the main phase and the grain boundary phase, which are R 2 Fe 14 B intermetallic compounds, the characteristics are contradictory to the conventional ones. It is possible to achieve both high Br and high H cJ.
- the R-Fe-B based sintered magnet of the present invention has R of 12.5-14.5 atomic% (R is one or more elements selected from rare earth elements, and Nd is essential. ), 5.0 to 6.5 atomic% B, 0.15 to 5.0 atomic% M (M is Si, Al, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Pd, Ag, One or more elements selected from Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Pt, Au, Hg, Pb, Bi), 0.02-0.5 atomic% X (X is Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, V) , One or more elements selected from Ta), containing 0.1 to 1.6 atomic% C, and having a composition in which the balance is Fe, O and unavoidable impurities.
- R is one or more elements selected from rare earth elements, and Nd is essential.
- M is Si, Al, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Pd, Ag, One or more elements selected from Cd, In, S
- the element R constituting the sintered magnet of the present invention is one or more elements selected from rare earth elements, and Nd is essential.
- the rare earth element other than Nd Pr, La, Ce, Gd, Dy, Tb and Ho are preferable, Pr, Dy and Tb are particularly preferable, and Pr is particularly preferable.
- the ratio of Nd, which is an essential component, of R is preferably 60 atomic% or more, particularly 70 atomic% or more of the total R.
- the content of R is 12.5 to 14.5 atomic% as described above, preferably 12.8 to 14.0 atomic%. If the R content is less than 12.5 atomic%, ⁇ -Fe crystallizes in the raw material alloy, and it is difficult to eliminate the ⁇ -Fe even if homogenization is performed. The H cJ and squareness of the sintered magnet are greatly reduced. Further, even when the raw material alloy is produced by the strip casting method in which ⁇ -Fe crystallization is unlikely to occur, ⁇ -Fe crystallization occurs, so that the HcJ and squareness of the R-Fe-B-based sintered magnet are greatly reduced. To do.
- the sintered magnet of the present invention contains 5.0 to 6.5 atomic% of boron (B).
- a more preferable content is 5.2 to 5.9 atomic%, and even more preferably 5.3 to 5.7 atomic%.
- the content of B is a factor for determining the range of oxygen concentration required to obtain stable H cJ.
- the B content is less than 5.0 atomic%, the proportion of the R 2 Fe 14 B phase formed is low, Br is significantly reduced, and the R 2 Fe 17 phase is formed, resulting in H cJ. descend.
- the B content exceeds 6.5 atomic%, a B-rich phase is formed, and the ratio of the R 2 Fe 14 B phase in the magnet decreases, resulting in a decrease in Br.
- the sintered magnet of the present invention contains Si, Al, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Pt, Au, and Hg as M elements. , Pb, Bi and contains one or more elements selected from.
- the content of M is 0.15 to 5.0 atomic%, preferably 0.3 to 4.0 atomic%, and more preferably 0.5 to 3.0 atomic% as described above. If the M content is less than 0.15 atomic%, it becomes difficult to obtain sufficient H cJ. On the other hand, if the M content exceeds 5.0 atomic%, Br may be lowered.
- the Co content may affect the Curie temperature, corrosion resistance, and H cJ , and may be set in consideration of the balance of these characteristics.
- it is preferably 0.1 atomic% or more, and more preferably 0.5 atomic% or more.
- the Co content is preferably 3.5 atomic% or less, more preferably 2.0 atomic% or less.
- the Cu content may affect the optimum temperature range in the low-temperature heat treatment for magnet production, the sinterability during the sintering process, and the obtained magnetic properties (Br, H cJ). It may be set in consideration. For example, from the viewpoint of obtaining the optimum temperature range in the low-temperature heat treatment after sintering which is preferably performed to ensure good mass productivity, it is preferably 0.05 atomic% or more, more preferably 0.1 atomic% or more. That is all. Further, from the viewpoint of obtaining good sinterability and high magnetic properties (Br, H cJ ), it is preferably 0.5 atomic% or less, and more preferably 0.3 atomic% or less.
- the Al and Ga contents may affect the magnetic characteristics (Br, H cJ ), and may be set in consideration of the balance with Br and H cJ.
- the Al content is preferably 0.05 atomic% or more from the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient H cJ , and preferably 1.0 atomic% or less from the viewpoint of obtaining high Br, which is more preferable. Is 0.5 atomic% or less.
- the content of Ga is preferably more than 0 atomic%, 0.1 atomic% or less, and more preferably 0.05 to 0.1 atomic% from the viewpoint of the balance between Br and H cJ. is there.
- the sintered magnet of the present invention contains one or more elements selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, V, and Ta as the X element. By containing these elements, abnormal grain growth during sintering can be suppressed by the formed XB phase. Although not particularly limited, it is preferable that Zr is contained as at least one element of X.
- the content of X is 0.02 to 0.5 atomic% as described above, preferably 0.05 to 0.3 atomic%, and more preferably 0.07 to 0.2 atomic%. If the content of X is less than 0.02 atomic%, the effect of suppressing abnormal grain growth of crystal grains in the sintering process cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the content of X exceeds 0.5 atomic%, reduces the amount of B to form the R 2 Fe 14 B phase by X-B phase is formed, R 2 Fe 14 B phase ratio Br decrease due to the decrease in the amount of iron, and the formation of the R 2 Fe 17 phase may lead to a significant decrease in H cJ.
- the content of carbon (C) contained in the sintered magnet of the present invention is 0.1 to 1.6 atomic%, preferably 0.2 to 1.0 atomic%, as described above. is there. Since C is derived from the raw material and the lubricant added to raise the orientation of the powder in molding in a magnetic field, it is difficult to obtain an R-Fe-B-based sintered magnet having a C content of less than 0.1 atomic%. Is. On the other hand, when the amount of C exceeds 1.6 atomic%, H cJ is remarkably lowered due to the presence of many RC phases in the sintered magnet.
- the sintered magnet of the present invention contains the above R, B, M, X and C, and further contains Fe and O as the balance.
- the content of O is not particularly limited, but the content of O is not particularly limited. It is preferably 0.1 to 0.8 atomic%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.5 atomic%.
- the sintered magnet of the present invention may contain elements such as H, N, F, Mg, P, S, Cl and Ca as unavoidable impurities in addition to the above elements.
- unavoidable impurities can be allowed up to 0.1% by mass or less in total with respect to the total of the above-mentioned constituent elements of the magnet and the unavoidable impurities, but it is preferable that these unavoidable impurities are as small as possible.
- the content of N is preferably 0.5 atomic% or less from the viewpoint of obtaining good H cJ.
- the sintered magnet of the present invention has the above-mentioned elemental composition , contains an R 2 Fe 14 B intermetallic compound as a main phase, and a grain boundary phase, and further has a higher R concentration than the main phase in the grain boundary phase. It has an RC phase with a high C concentration, and the area ratio of the RC phase in the cross section of the sintered magnet exceeds 0 and is 0.5% or less.
- the melting point of the compound containing R and C as the main elements is higher than the sintering temperature of the R-Fe-B-based sintered magnet, but the RC phase contained in the sintered magnet structure It was found that the content depends on the C concentration contained in the raw material. That is, the formation of the RC phase requires a temperature higher than the sintering temperature of the R 2 Fe 14 B sintered magnet, and the RC phase is mainly formed at the stage of producing the raw material alloy by high frequency melting or the like. It is thought that. Then, C consumed as the RC phase having a high melting point does not contribute to the formation of the main phase, and conversely, consumption of R causes a decrease in H cJ. Based on this idea, the present inventors appropriately reduce the amount of C contained in the alloy raw material to make the amount of RC phase contained in the R-Fe-B-based sintered magnet appropriate. This is the result of achieving both high Br and high H cJ.
- the above-mentioned "area ratio of RC phase in the cross section of the sintered magnet” may be obtained by measuring the area ratio of the RC phase in a predetermined region of an arbitrary cross section of the sintered magnet.
- the "arbitrary cross section” may be a cross section obtained by cutting any part of the sintered magnet, and the above area ratio is achieved regardless of where the sintered magnet is cut. means.
- the size of the "predetermined region” in this cross section is appropriately set according to the measuring device and the like, but it is preferable to set the area to an area of 15,000 ⁇ m 2 or more so that the state of the entire magnet can be surely grasped. More preferably, it is a region of 30,000 ⁇ m 2 or more. It is also preferable to perform measurements in a plurality of regions and use the average value as the area ratio. In that case, it is desirable to set the total area of the plurality of regions used for the measurement to be the above-mentioned preferable area.
- the area ratio of the RC phase in one region of the above arbitrary cross section is more than 0 and 0.5% or less, but it is preferable to obtain sufficient H cJ more reliably. It is 0.01% or more and 0.3% or less, and more preferably 0.01% or more and 0.27% or less.
- the area ratio of the RC phase is 0, that is, when the RC phase does not exist substantially, it becomes difficult to achieve both high Br and stable H cJ , and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
- the area ratio is 0.5% or more, the amount of R required for the formation of the grain boundary phase is insufficient due to the formation of the RC phase, and H cJ and squareness are lowered.
- the above area ratio can be confirmed by observing the structure of the cross section of the sintered magnet with a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope).
- the analysis of this composition can be performed by an EDS (energy dispersive X-ray analyzer: Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) attached to the SEM apparatus.
- EDS energy dispersive X-ray analyzer: Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- FIB-SEM focused ion beam scanning
- the RC phase contained in the grain boundary phase may contain a small amount of O, Fe, Cu, etc. other than R and C, but is substantially composed of R and C, as described above. It is a phase having a higher R concentration and C concentration than the main phase.
- the R concentration is not particularly limited, but is 30 atomic% or more and 50 atomic% or less, preferably 35 atomic% or more and 45 atomic% or less.
- the C concentration is preferably 10 atomic% or more higher than that of the main phase, and more preferably 20 atomic% or more.
- Each step in producing the R-Fe-B-based sintered magnet of the present invention is basically the same as that of a normal powder metallurgy method, and is not particularly limited, but usually a raw material is used.
- a melting step of melting to obtain a raw material alloy a crushing step of crushing a raw material alloy having a predetermined composition to prepare an alloy fine powder, a molding step of compacting the alloy fine powder in a magnetic field to obtain a molded product, It includes a heat treatment step of heat-treating a molded body to obtain a sintered body.
- the metal or alloy as the raw material of each element is weighed so as to have the predetermined composition in the present invention described above, and for example, the raw material is melted by high-frequency melting and cooled to obtain the raw material alloy.
- the raw material metal or alloy it is necessary to use a metal or alloy having a low C content so that the C concentration of the raw material alloy obtained after the melting step is 0.03% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.01. It is desirable to use a high-purity raw material so as to be less than mass%.
- a melting casting method or a strip casting method in which the raw material alloy is cast into a flat mold or a book mold is generally adopted.
- an alloy having a composition close to that of the R 2 Fe 14 B compound, which is the main phase of the R—Fe—B alloy, and an R-rich alloy, which serves as a liquid phase aid at the sintering temperature are separately prepared and weighed after coarse grinding.
- the so-called dialloy method of mixing is also applicable to the present invention.
- the ⁇ -Fe phase tends to crystallize depending on the cooling rate at the time of casting and the alloy composition. Therefore, if necessary for the purpose of homogenizing the structure and eliminating the ⁇ -Fe phase. It is preferable to carry out the homogenization treatment at 700 to 1200 ° C. for 1 hour or more in a vacuum or Ar atmosphere.
- the above crushing step can be a plurality of steps including, for example, a coarse crushing step and a fine crushing step.
- a coarse crushing step for example, a jaw crusher, a brown mill, a pin mill or a hydromill is used, and in the case of an alloy produced by strip casting, usually by applying hydromilling, for example, 0.05 to 3 mm.
- hydromilling for example, 0.05 to 3 mm.
- coarse powder that has been coarsely pulverized to 0.05 to 1.5 mm.
- the fine pulverization step the coarse powder obtained in the coarse pulverization step is finely pulverized to, for example, 0.2 to 30 ⁇ m, particularly 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m, by using a method such as jet mill pulverization.
- an additive such as a lubricant can be added as necessary to adjust the C content within a predetermined range.
- the lubricant is not particularly limited, but fatty acids such as stearic acid, alcohols, esters, metal soap and the like can be exemplified.
- carbon black can be exemplified.
- Paraffin, hydrocarbons such as polyvinyl alcohol, etc. can also be added as the C source.
- the coarse pulverization step and the fine pulverization step of the raw material alloy are preferably performed in a gas atmosphere such as nitrogen gas or Ar gas, but the O content is within a predetermined range by controlling the oxygen concentration in the gas atmosphere. It may be adjusted so as to be.
- the density of the molded product is 2.8 to 4.2 g / cm 3. From the viewpoint of ensuring the strength of the molded product and obtaining good handleability, the density of the molded product is preferably 2.8 g / cm 3 or more. On the other hand, the density of the molded product is preferably 4.2 g / cm 3 or less from the viewpoint of obtaining a suitable Br by ensuring good orientation of the particles at the time of pressurization while obtaining sufficient strength of the molded product. Further, in order to suppress the oxidation of the alloy fine powder, the molding is preferably performed in a gas atmosphere such as nitrogen gas or Ar gas.
- the molded product obtained in the molding step is sintered in a high vacuum or in a non-oxidizing atmosphere such as Ar gas.
- a non-oxidizing atmosphere such as Ar gas.
- cooling may be performed by any of gas rapid cooling (cooling rate: 20 ° C./min or more), controlled cooling (cooling rate: 1 to 20 ° C./min), and furnace cooling.
- the magnetic characteristics of the R-Fe-B-based sintered magnet are the same.
- the heat treatment may be performed at a temperature lower than the sintering temperature for the purpose of increasing H cJ, although not particularly limited.
- the post-sintering heat treatment may be a two-step heat treatment of a high temperature heat treatment and a low temperature heat treatment, or may be performed only by a low temperature heat treatment.
- the sintered body is preferably heat-treated at a temperature of 600 to 950 ° C.
- the low-temperature heat treatment it is preferably heat-treated at a temperature of 400 to 600 ° C.
- Cooling at that time may be performed by any of gas rapid cooling (cooling rate: 20 ° C./min or more), controlled cooling (cooling rate: 1 to 20 ° C./min), and furnace cooling.
- gas rapid cooling cooling rate: 20 ° C./min or more
- controlled cooling cooling rate: 1 to 20 ° C./min
- furnace cooling furnace cooling.
- an R-Fe-B-based sintered magnet having similar magnetic characteristics can be obtained.
- R-Fe-B-based sintered magnet was ground into a predetermined shape, and R 1 oxide, R 2 fluoride, R 3 acid fluoride, and R 4 hydroxide were formed on the surface of the magnet.
- R 1 oxide, R 2 fluoride, R 3 acid fluoride, and R 4 hydroxide were formed on the surface of the magnet.
- One or more selected from R 5 carbonate, R 6 basic carbonate, R 7 single metal or alloy R 1 to R 7 are one or more selected from rare earth elements, and they are the same.
- heat treatment can be performed in a state where the powder is present on the surface of the sintered magnet. This treatment is a so-called intergranular diffusion method, and the temperature of the intergranular diffusion heat treatment is preferably lower than the sintering temperature and 350 ° C.
- the time is not particularly limited, but a good sintered magnet. From the viewpoint of obtaining the structure and magnetic properties of the above, it is preferably 5 minutes to 80 hours, more preferably 10 minutes to 50 hours.
- the above R 1 to R 7 contained in the above powder can be diffused in the magnet to increase H cJ.
- the rare earth elements introduced by the grain boundary diffusion are R 1 to R 7 as described above for convenience of explanation, but after the grain boundary diffusion, all of them are included in the R component in the magnet of the present invention. To.
- Example 1 The raw materials were weighed so as to have the composition of the alloy A in Table 1, melted in an Ar gas atmosphere in a high-frequency induction furnace, and the molten alloy was cooled on a water-cooled copper roll to prepare an alloy strip by a strip casting method.
- the amount of C contained in the alloy can be adjusted by the amount of C contained in the raw material, and can be adjusted by, for example, the amount of C contained in the Nd metal produced by electrolysis or the addition of carbon black. is there.
- the produced alloy strip was coarsely pulverized by hydrogenation to obtain a crude powder, and then 0.1% by mass of stearic acid was added as a lubricant to the obtained crude powder and mixed.
- the mixture of the above crude powder and the lubricant was finely pulverized with a jet mill in a nitrogen stream so that the average particle size was about 3.5 ⁇ m.
- the oxygen concentration in the jet mill system was set to 0 ppm.
- the fine powder was filled in a mold of a molding apparatus equipped with an electromagnet in a nitrogen atmosphere, and pressure-molded in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field while being oriented in a magnetic field of 15 kOe (1.19 MA / m). ..
- the obtained molded product was sintered in vacuum at 1050 ° C. for 3 hours, cooled to 200 ° C. or lower, then subjected to high temperature heat treatment at 900 ° C. for 2 hours, and low temperature heat treatment at 500 ° C. for 3 hours. , A sintered body was obtained.
- the composition of the obtained sintered body is shown in Table 2.
- the metal element was measured by ICP analysis, C was measured by a combustion infrared absorption method, and O was measured by an inert gas melting infrared absorption method.
- Example 1 The raw materials were weighed so as to have the composition of the alloy C in Table 1, and an alloy strip was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Next, the produced alloy strip was coarsely pulverized by hydrogenation to obtain a coarse powder, and then the average particle size was obtained by a jet mill in a nitrogen stream without adding a lubricant to the obtained coarse powder. Fine pulverization was performed so as to have a size of about 3.5 ⁇ m. After that, molding and heat treatment were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a sintered body, and the composition was analyzed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 2 The raw materials were weighed so as to have the composition of the alloy B in Table 1, and an alloy strip was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Next, the produced alloy strip was roughly pulverized by hydrogenation to obtain a crude powder, and then 0.05% by mass of stearic acid was added as a lubricant to the obtained crude powder and mixed. After that, pulverization, molding, and heat treatment were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a sintered body, and the composition was analyzed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, an alloy strip was prepared, hydrogenated and pulverized, and a lubricant was mixed with the coarse powder. Next, a mixture of the crude powder and the lubricant was pulverized with a jet mill in a nitrogen stream to obtain a fine powder having an average particle size of about 3.5 ⁇ m. At this time, the oxygen concentration in the jet mill system was appropriately adjusted so that the O content was higher than that of the powder in Example 1. Next, the prepared fine powder was molded and heat-treated in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a sintered body, and the composition was analyzed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
- each of the sintered magnets is observed using a focused ion beam scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) (Scios; manufactured by FEI) and a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) (JEM-ARM200F; manufactured by JEOL Ltd.). Then, the area ratio of the RC phase contained in the grain boundary phase was calculated. The results of this analysis are also shown in Table 2. In the analysis method, the surface portion of the cross section of each of the obtained samples was first ground with FIB, and then backscattered electron images and secondary electron images in a region of 69 ⁇ 46 ⁇ m square were obtained.
- FIB-SEM focused ion beam scanning electron microscope
- STEM scanning transmission electron microscope
- composition analysis of each phase with the same contrast in each image was performed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) to identify each phase. Further, the obtained electron image was taken into image analysis software, the contrast was compared with the previously obtained composition information, and the surface integral of the RC phase was calculated. After surface processing by FIB, observation and composition analysis were carried out in a series without exposure to the atmosphere. The results of this tissue observation were taken as the average value of the results of the five measurement points. In addition, Table 3 shows the analytical values of the RC phase in Example 1 as a representative.
- the sintered magnets of Examples 1 and 2 in which the area ratio of the RC phase is in the range of more than 0 to 0.5% are compared with those of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Therefore, it has excellent properties in Br and H cJ.
- Comparative Example 1 since the lubricant was not added at the time of manufacturing the sintered magnet, the orientation at the time of molding was lowered and Br was a low value. It is known that H cJ improves as the value decreases, and specifically, it fluctuates at a ratio of about -4 ⁇ 10 -4 T / (kA / m). Considering this, it is included in the sintered magnet.
- the H cJ of Comparative Example 1 in which all of C is derived from the raw material alloy is 50 kA / m or more lower than expected when the orientation is similar to that of Example 1, and is significantly inferior to that of Example 1.
- the H cJ of Example 2 in which the amount of the lubricant added was 0.05 wt% had a difference of 50 kA / m or less from the H cJ in consideration of the decrease in orientation , and a good H cJ was obtained. ..
- the O concentration in the sintered magnet was higher than the C concentration, and in Comparative Example 2 containing no RC phase, H cJ was significantly lower than that in Example 1.
- Examples 3 and 4 The raw materials were weighed so as to have the composition of the alloy A in Table 1, and an alloy strip was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Next, the produced alloy strip was coarsely pulverized by hydrogenation to obtain a coarse powder, and then the average particle size was obtained by a jet mill in a nitrogen stream without adding a lubricant to the obtained coarse powder. Fine pulverization was performed so as to have a size of about 5 ⁇ m. Then, 0.1 wt% of the C source shown in Table 4 was added, and thereafter, molding and heat treatment were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a sintered body, and the composition was analyzed in the same manner as in Example 1. did. The results are shown in Table 4.
- the area ratio of the RC phase contained in the magnet may be more than 0 to 0.5% or less. It was possible to achieve the same area ratio as in Example 1 to which the same amount of lubricant was added. Further, these magnetic properties, although Br decreased with the deterioration of the orientation, H cJ increased with the deterioration of the orientation, which was about 80 kA / m higher than that of Example 1, and -4 ⁇ 10 in the orientation and H cJ. H cJ assumed from the relationship of -4 T / (kA / m) was obtained, and good magnetic properties could be obtained even when a C source other than stearic acid, which is a lubricant, was used.
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Abstract
Description
〔1〕
12.5~14.5原子%のR(Rは希土類元素から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、Ndを必須とする)、5.0~6.5原子%のB、0.15~5.0原子%のM(MはSi、Al、Mn、Ni、Co、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Pd、Ag、Cd、In、Sn、Sb、Pt、Au、Hg、Pb、Biから選ばれる1種以上の元素)、0.02~0.5原子%のX(XはTi、Zr、Hf、Nb、V、Taから選ばれる1種以上の元素)、0.1~1.6原子%のCを含有すると共に、残部がFe、O及び不可避不純物である組成を有し、R2Fe14B金属間化合物である主相と、粒界相とを含有するR-Fe-B系焼結磁石であって、前記粒界相中に前記主相よりもR濃度及びC濃度の高いR-C相を有し、当該R-Fe-B系焼結磁石の断面における上記R-C相の面積比率が0を超え、0.5%以下であることを特徴とするR-Fe-B系焼結磁石。
〔2〕
上記Rの含有量が12.8~14.0原子%である〔1〕のR-Fe-B系焼結磁石。
〔3〕
上記Oの含有量が0.1~0.8原子%である〔1〕又は〔2〕のR-Fe-B系焼結磁石。
〔4〕
上記Cの含有量が0.2~1.0原子%である〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれかのR-Fe-B系焼結磁石。
〔5〕
上記Bの含有量が5.2~5.9原子%である〔1〕~〔4〕のいずれかのR-Fe-B系焼結磁石。
〔6〕
上記M元素の一部として、0を超え、0.1原子%以下のGaを含有する〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれかのR-Fe-B系焼結磁石。
〔7〕
上記R-C相のC濃度が主相と比較して20原子%以上高い〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれかのR-Fe-B系焼結磁石。
本発明のR-Fe-B系焼結磁石を製造する際の各工程は、基本的には、通常の粉末冶金法と同様であり、特に制限されるものではないが、通常は、原料を溶解して原料合金を得る溶融工程、所定の組成を有する原料合金を粉砕して合金微粉末を調製する粉砕工程、合金微粉末を磁場印加中で圧粉成形して成形体を得る成形工程、成形体を熱処理して焼結体を得る熱処理工程を含む。
表1の合金Aの組成となるように原料を秤量し、Arガス雰囲気中、高周波誘導炉で溶解し、水冷銅ロール上で溶融合金を冷却するストリップキャスト法によって合金薄帯を作製した。このとき、合金に含まれるCの量は原料に含まれるCの量により調整可能であり、例えば電解によって作製されるNd金属に含まれるCの量やカーボンブラックの添加によって調整することが可能である。次に、作製した合金薄帯を水素化による粗粉砕を行い粗粉末を得、続いて、得られた粗粉末に潤滑剤としてステアリン酸を0.1質量%加えて混合した。
表1の合金Cの組成となるように原料を秤量し、実施例1と同様にして合金薄帯を作製した。次に、作製した合金薄帯に対して水素化による粗粉砕を行い粗粉末を得、続いて、得られた粗粉末に潤滑剤を添加することなく、窒素気流中のジェットミルで平均粒径3.5μm程度になるよう微粉砕を行った。以降、実施例1と同様な方法にて成形、熱処理を行って焼結体を得、実施例1と同様にして組成を分析した。結果を表2に示す。
表1の合金Bの組成となるように原料を秤量し、実施例1と同様にして合金薄帯を作製した。次に、作製した合金薄帯に対して水素化による粗粉砕を行い粗粉末を得、続いて、得られた粗粉末に潤滑剤としてステアリン酸を0.05質量%加えて混合した。以降、実施例1と同様な方法にて粉砕、成形、熱処理を行って焼結体を得、実施例1と同様にして組成を分析した。結果を表2に示す。
実施例1と同様にして、合金薄帯の作製、水素化粉砕、粗粉末への潤滑剤の混合を行った。次に、粗粉末と潤滑剤との混合物を、窒素気流中のジェットミルで粉砕して平均粒径3.5μm程度の微粉末を得た。このとき、ジェットミル系内の酸素濃度を適宜調整することにより、実施例1における粉末よりもO含有量が多くなるようにした。次に、作製した微粉末を実施例1と同様な方法にて成形、熱処理を行って、焼結体を得、実施例1と同様にして組成を分析した。結果を表2に示す。
表1の合金Aの組成となるように原料を秤量し、実施例1と同様にして合金薄帯を作製した。次に、作製した合金薄帯を水素化による粗粉砕を行い粗粉末を得、続いて、得られた粗粉末に潤滑剤を添加することなく、窒素気流中のジェットミルで平均粒径3.5μm程度になるよう微粉砕を行った。その後、表4に示したC源を0.1wt%添加し、以降、実施例1と同様な方法にて成形、熱処理を行って焼結体を得、実施例1と同様にして組成を分析した。結果を表4に示す。
Claims (7)
- 12.5~14.5原子%のR(Rは希土類元素から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、Ndを必須とする)、5.0~6.5原子%のB、0.15~5.0原子%のM(MはSi、Al、Mn、Ni、Co、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Pd、Ag、Cd、In、Sn、Sb、Pt、Au、Hg、Pb、Biから選ばれる1種以上の元素)、0.02~0.5原子%のX(XはTi、Zr、Hf、Nb、V、Taから選ばれる1種以上の元素)、0.1~1.6原子%のCを含有すると共に、残部がFe、O及び不可避不純物である組成を有し、R2Fe14B金属間化合物である主相と、粒界相とを含有するR-Fe-B系焼結磁石であって、前記粒界相中に前記主相よりもR濃度及びC濃度の高いR-C相を有し、当該R-Fe-B系焼結磁石の断面における上記R-C相の面積比率が0を超え、0.5%以下であることを特徴とするR-Fe-B系焼結磁石。
- 上記Rの含有量が12.8~14.0原子%である請求項1に記載のR-Fe-B系焼結磁石。
- 上記Oの含有量が0.1~0.8原子%である請求項1又は2に記載のR-Fe-B系焼結磁石。
- 上記Cの含有量が0.2~1.0原子%である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のR-Fe-B系焼結磁石。
- 上記Bの含有量が5.2~5.9原子%である請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のR-Fe-B系焼結磁石。
- 上記M元素の一部として、0を超え、0.1原子%以下のGaを含有する請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のR-Fe-B系焼結磁石。
- 上記R-C相のC濃度が主相と比較して20原子%以上高い請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のR-Fe-B系焼結磁石。
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| CN202080079647.1A CN114730652B (zh) | 2019-11-11 | 2020-11-05 | R-Fe-B系烧结磁体 |
| PL20886644.2T PL4060690T3 (pl) | 2019-11-11 | 2020-11-05 | Spiekany magnes oparty na r-fe-b |
| EP20886644.2A EP4060690B1 (en) | 2019-11-11 | 2020-11-05 | R-fe-b-based sintered magnet |
| PH1/2022/551116A PH12022551116A1 (en) | 2019-11-11 | 2020-11-05 | R-fe-b-based sintered magnet |
| JP2021556055A JP7424388B2 (ja) | 2019-11-11 | 2020-11-05 | R-Fe-B系焼結磁石 |
| US17/772,332 US12325072B2 (en) | 2019-11-11 | 2020-11-05 | R—Fe—B-based sintered magnet |
| JP2023189329A JP2024016174A (ja) | 2019-11-11 | 2023-11-06 | R-Fe-B系焼結磁石 |
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- 2020-11-05 JP JP2021556055A patent/JP7424388B2/ja active Active
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- 2020-11-05 CN CN202080079647.1A patent/CN114730652B/zh active Active
- 2020-11-05 PL PL20886644.2T patent/PL4060690T3/pl unknown
- 2020-11-05 WO PCT/JP2020/041346 patent/WO2021095633A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2020-11-05 US US17/772,332 patent/US12325072B2/en active Active
- 2020-11-05 PH PH1/2022/551116A patent/PH12022551116A1/en unknown
- 2020-11-10 TW TW109139125A patent/TW202132584A/zh unknown
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| JP2024016174A (ja) | 2024-02-06 |
| PH12022551116A1 (en) | 2023-05-03 |
| CN114730652B (zh) | 2025-09-09 |
| EP4060690A1 (en) | 2022-09-21 |
| CN114730652A (zh) | 2022-07-08 |
| PL4060690T3 (pl) | 2025-12-01 |
| JP7424388B2 (ja) | 2024-01-30 |
| EP4060690B1 (en) | 2025-07-23 |
| EP4060690A4 (en) | 2023-11-22 |
| US20220406498A1 (en) | 2022-12-22 |
| US12325072B2 (en) | 2025-06-10 |
| JPWO2021095633A1 (ja) | 2021-05-20 |
| TW202132584A (zh) | 2021-09-01 |
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