WO2021083536A1 - Pneumatic spreading machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a pneumatic spreading machine, such as a seed drill, for the output of spreading material, comprising a central storage container (1) having an outlet opening (29), a transfer chamber (14) downstream thereof for transferring spreading material stored in the central storage container (1) to a starting section (6A) of a conveyor line (6), a fan (4) for applying an airflow to the conveyor line (6), a plurality of decentralized containers (40) which are each downstream of an end section (6B) of the conveyor line (6), a plurality of decentralized metering members (41) which are each arranged downstream of the outlet opening (29) of a decentralized container (40), said metering members each having a decentralized metering roller (44) which is rotationally driven, independently of each other, and a plurality of spreading members (8) downstream of the decentralized metering members (41). According to the invention, a decentralized metering member (41) having a decentralized container (40) is associated with a group of spreading members (8), and a decentralized metering member (41) is arranged above the group of spreading members (8), wherein the spreading material metered by means of a decentralized metering member (41, 44) can be fed to the spreading member (8) or the group of spreading members (8) by means of gravity.

Description

Pneumatic distribution machine

The invention relates to a pneumatic distribution machine for spreading material to be distributed, in particular seed and / or fertilizer, comprising

- A central storage container carried by a frame and having at least one outlet opening;

- At least one transfer chamber downstream of the outlet opening for transferring material to be distributed stored in the central storage container into an initial section of at least one conveying line;

- At least one fan for applying the conveying line with an air stream;

- A plurality of decentralized containers arranged downstream of one end section of the conveying line, into which a respective end section of the conveying line opens;

- A plurality of decentralized metering devices, each arranged downstream of the outlet opening of a decentralized container, each with a decentralized metering roller driven independently of one another in rotation; and

- A plurality of the decentralized metering organs according to distributed organs.

The invention also relates to a method for spreading material to be distributed, in particular in the form of drill seeds and / or fertilizer, in particular by means of a pneumatic distributing machine of the aforementioned type, comprising the following steps:

(A) storing the distribution material in at least one central storage container with at least one outlet opening;

(b) Transfer of the distribution material from the outlet opening of the central storage container into at least one transfer chambers;

(c) applying an air stream to the transfer chamber and pneumatically transferring the material to be distributed from the transfer chamber into an initial section of at least one conveying line;

(d) Pneumatic transfer of the material to be distributed to a plurality of decentralized containers, each of which is connected to a decentralized metering device with a decentralized metering roller that is rotatably driven independently of one another; and

(e) Dosing the material to be distributed by controlled and / or regulated rotation of the decentralized metering rollers independently of one another and transferring the dosed material to distributing elements downstream of the decentralized dosing elements.

Pneumatic distribution machines of the aforementioned type are known in a variety of configurations, in particular in the form of seed drills, but also as pneumatic fertilizer spreaders, and serve as agricultural machines for the precise application of powder or particulate Ver parts, such as seed, e.g. wheat, barley, rape and the same and / or granulated fertilizers, eg nitrogen fertilizers in general or urea fertilizers in particular, phosphate fertilizers etc. over large working widths. Pneumatic distributing machines of the generic type usually comprise a storage container mounted on a frame for receiving the goods to be distributed, which has one or more outlet opening (s) on its underside. While the at least one outlet opening can also open directly into at least one transfer chamber acted upon by an air stream, in order to convey it to a plurality of distribution organs via one or more conveying lines (see e.g. EP 2 966 965 B1), the at least one outlet is connected to it - Opening of the central storage container often downwards (each) to a central metering device. In the case of the distributing machines in question, the central dosing organ comprises a rotatable or rotationally driven central dosing roller, which can usually be designed in the form of a cell wheel or cam wheel roller, but also in the form of special seed wheel or push wheel rollers (see e.g. EP 2786 649 A2, DE 10155 395 B4 or DE 4411 000 CI).

The central metering roller is mounted, for example, in a metering housing of the central metering element, which usually has a metering inlet arranged on its upper side and connected to the outlet opening of the central storage container and a metering outlet arranged on its lower side.

Generic pneumatic distributing machines, which, on the one hand, are designed as attachments in a relatively lightweight design that can be coupled to the three-point of a tractor, such as a tractor, and, on the other hand, can be placed on an axle-supported trailer or a self-propelled vehicle in a heavy-duty design, Usually also comprise a plurality of laterally outwardly projecting arms which can be collapsed during transport and which receive end sections of conveyor lines that end at different transverse distances from one another. A blower is used to convey the material to be distributed, which generates an air flow and whose pressure line connects to the outlet of the dosing housing of the central Dosieror and opens into a pressure distributor, to which an initial section of the delivery line (s) connects. Between the pressure distributor and the beginning section (s) of the delivery line is or are Überga chamberin) arranged, which expediently each with a nozzle and a diffuser comprising injectors can be equipped and serve to transfer the material to be distributed from the outlet opening of the central storage container, if necessary with the interposition of the central metering roller of the central metering element, to the conveying line (s). The material to be spread is finally conveyed pneumatically via end sections of the conveying lines that are deflected outwards to the end of the lines, where the material to be spread is transferred to corresponding distributing elements. Depending on the configuration of the pneumatic distributor or depending on the type of material to be distributed, in the simplest case, for example, the distribution organs can have storage openings from which the material to be distributed is spread more or less linearly on the surface of the soil, as is the case, for example, for row sowing or fertilization may be desirable. Furthermore, baffle plates or baffle plates can be provided as distribution elements on which the material to be distributed pneumatically transported in a respective end section of the conveying line (s) impinges and from there is deposited essentially in a fan shape on the floor. Different types of distributing agents, such as those used in particular for distributing seeds, but also for deep fertilization, include injection devices for introducing the distributing material into the soil, as known, for example, from WO 2015/120982 A1, in order to place the distributing material in a furrow to be introduced and the furrow in the ground to be closed again, preferably by means of downstream sliding locking devices, such as so-called harrows or the like. In addition, sowing coulters or sowing tines, in particular, are known as distribution organs, which likewise create a slot in the bottom in which the material to be distributed can be deposited.

If pneumatic distribution machines are equipped with a central metering device, there are for transferring the goods to be distributed from the central metering device to the Distribution organs in the prior art primarily two alternatives:

On the one hand, there are pneumatic Ver submachines, in which the material to be distributed from the central metering device via a transfer chamber of the type mentioned above will give up to the beginning section of a single conveyor line, which opens into a distributor head with a plurality of connections, which individually , for example with means of manually or motor-operated shut-off valves, can be closed. A respective end section of the conveying line connects to a respective connection of the distributor head and connects the respective connection of the distributor head to a respective distributor element. In this way, a part-width section control is ensured in that the shut-off valves of the distributor head assigned to the distributing elements that are not required are closed. Such a pneumatic distribution machine in the form of a seed drill is known, for example, from WO 2015/028127 A1.

On the other hand, pneumatic distributing machines are known, in particular in the form of pneumatic fertilizer spreaders, which have a plurality of central metering devices, each of which comprises a rotationally driven central metering roller of the above-mentioned type, the metering housing of which is connected on the outlet side by a plurality of transfer chambers that are pressurized by means of a fan, From which several conveying lines branch off in groups, each of which opens into a distribution element. In this case, part-width switching is ensured by the fact that each central dosing element is assigned its own, independently speed-controlled drive of its respective dosing roller, so that distribution elements arranged next to one another, which are supplied by the respective groups of conveying lines with are partially well supplied, which emanate from a respective central metering device, can be switched on or off in groups. Such a pneumatic distribution machine can be found in DE 102004 030 240 A1, for example.

In addition, WO 2018/219489 A1 describes a pneumatic distributing machine with a central metering element which has been further developed by comparison and which has a plurality of central metering wheel segments driven independently of one another in rotation, each of which is followed by a transfer chamber to which a respective distributing element is attached leading delivery line connects. In this way, an even finer partial width switching and an individual supply of each Ver sub-organ with the desired mass flow of material to be distributed is possible by accelerating, slowing down or stopping individual central Dosierradsegmente the central dosing organ.

For the sake of completeness, it should be noted at this point that so-called box spreaders or box seeders are known for distributing seed and / or fertilizer over very small working widths, in which the stored in a storage container and with means of the metering roller of a similar one Dosing organ dosed distribution material is applied purely by gravity either via one or more storage openings, e.g. provided at the end of hoses extending above the floor, onto the surface of the floor or, e.g. using suitable injection devices, seed prongs, seed coulters and the like, is introduced into the ground. Such box spreaders or box seeders, which can also be designed as followers or as attachments for tractors, such as tractors, are primarily used to bring the material to be distributed along relatively narrow areas, such as in vegetable growing for distributing fertilizer on relatively narrow beds. Their working width, which largely corresponds to the spreading width, is often in the order of magnitude of about 80 cm to about 3 m, for example single drive shaft is not possible. At most, the spreading of material to be distributed in the area of the tramlines can be interrupted by means of coupling elements or covers.

In contrast to generic pneumatic distributing machines, which are suitable for distributing seed and fertilizer and are usually imple mented in the form of seed drills, so-called single-grain sowing machines are finally known, in which an isolated or uniform grain delivery of the distributed material in rows with sometimes large row spacings of the coulters from one another of usually, for example, 45 cm, 70 ° cm or 80 ° cm by means of special individual grain metering devices. Einzelkornsäma machines come into consideration exclusively for distribution goods that have large grain sizes and have to be brought from one another in relatively small numbers at regular intervals, such as corn, sunflower, sugar beet, soy or the like. The spreading of distribution goods with a smaller particle size and / or in larger quantities, such as wheat, rape or other seeded seeds as well as fertilizer, is not possible with precision seeders, which is why generic pneumatic distribution machines are used for this purpose, which have metering devices rotating metering rollers, for example in the form of cam or cellular wheel rollers, and their distribution elements of the above-mentioned type in relatively low like transverse spacing from one another of typically about 12.5 cm or 15 cm, for example.

Such a precision seeder is known, for example, from US 2016/0095274 A1, in which case it is used for the simultaneous spreading of different types of distribution material. The latter are dosed from several storage containers with means of an independently operated, central metering wheel and fed by means of a blower via a distribution line to a distribution unit, from where they are passed through seed lines to the individual distribution organs. Each distributor is assigned a decentralized container with several chambers, to which the various types of seed are supplied from the central metering devices. The chambers of the decentralized containers each include a decentralized metering element which is supplied with an air flow generated by an additional fan in order to ensure that individual grains are metered to the respective distributing element. A similar precision seeder can be found in US Pat. No. 9,603,298 B2.

While generic pneumatic seed drills, in particular in the form of seed drills, but also in the form of pneumatic fertilizer spreaders, have proven their worth in practice, they have disadvantages in some respects. So it is, for example, in such pneumatic distribution machines, in which the dosed material to be distributed is pneumatically fed to a distributor head by means of an initial section of a conveyor line and from there divided into a plurality of end sections of the conveyor line, which are connected to a plurality of connections of the distributor head and to lead a respective distribution organ, it is difficult to divide the fluidized distribution material flow in the distributor head into exactly the same partial flows for each distribution element. Even more so when on the occasion of the individual or group-wise - usually asymmetrical - closing of some connections of the distributor head, for example to provide for a partial width or tramline circuit that change the flow conditions in the distributor head. The same applies in particular in the case of an inclined position of the pneumatic Ver submachine, such as when driving on a hillside, in which the division of the fluidized distribution material flow in the distributor head into the majority of connected end sections of the conveying line due to then "inclined" on the fluidized distribution material acting gravitation is impaired.

In addition, regardless of the type of transfer of the fluidized flow of material to be distributed to the distributing elements, especially in the case of larger, e.g. self-propelled, drawn pneumatic distributing machines, the conveying path from the central metering element (s) to the one that is usually perpendicular to the direction of travel is in a row Distributing organs arranged on a casual arm is very long, so that it is always difficult for the operator to switch the dosing organs on and off, as they are required at the beginning and at the end of the Ver part work and on the occasion of every turn in the headland to estimate the dead time, how long the dispensing material dosed by means of the central dispensing element needs to be conveyed to the distributing elements. In addition, the length of this conveying path, which differs with increasing distance from the distributing elements to the outside, means that the distributing elements are successively supplied or no longer supplied with distribution material from the inside to the outside when the central Dosieror is switched on or off. In a similar way, cornering with increasing working widths leads to sometimes considerable distribution inaccuracies, because the curve Inside and outside distribution organs are supplied with the same mass flow of material to be distributed and compensation of such distribution errors due to the aforementioned dead times is difficult for the operator even if the pneumatic distributor has several central metering elements, by means of which groups of distributing elements with different target values -Distributed quantities can be supplied (see e.g. DE 102004 030 240 Al).

In addition, the pneumatic conveying of the material to be distributed can generally lead to temporary accumulations of particles to be distributed up to a type of plug formation, which results in a faulty longitudinal distribution of the material to be distributed, i.e. in the direction of travel of the pneumatic distributor.

Finally, recent studies have shown that even within very short spatial distances, the yield potential of a soil can be very different, for example due to different soil qualities, nutrient reserves, water availability, shading, etc. Accordingly, there is an increasing need to use generic distribution machines across the working width to apply corresponding mass flows to the distribution material away from the respective yield potential of the soil, which has not been possible with known seed drills so far.

EP 2966 965 Bl mentioned briefly at the outset describes a pneumatic distribution machine in which the distribution material held in reserve in a central storage container is pneumatically fed to a plurality of decentralized metering devices by means of a fan via transport lines, in which the supplied mass flows of distribution material are metered and by means of a further blower each, in turn, pneumatically fed to a group of several distribution organs - here in the form of seed coulters become. In this way, some of the problems described above in relation to a pneumatic distributor with a distributor head can be countered, but the time lag associated with switching individual decentralized metering elements on and off until the respective group of distributing elements does not produce any material to be distributed turns out to be receives more, for the above reasons still as problematic, and there is still the risk of plug formation associated with the pneumatic conveyance of the material to be distributed on the one hand from the storage container to the decentralized metering devices and on the other hand from the latter to the distribution devices, which can result in considerable distribution errors in relation to the longitudinal distribution. In addition, apart from the structural complexity of a large number of controllable fans which interact with a large number of decentralized metering devices and the corresponding transport lines, there is a problem as the conveying air flow, which is used to transfer the metered mass flow of material to be distributed from a respective decentralized source Dosing element to the group of distributing elements assigned to this, can lead to blowing out small distributing good particles, such as light seeds with a small particle diameter, out of the intended sowing furrow, so that uneven rows of seeds with plants that are locally too close and elsewhere too far apart result .

The invention is based on the object of developing a pneumatic cal distributor of the type mentioned, which is suitable for spreading seed drill and / or fertilizer, in a simple and inexpensive manner while at least largely avoiding the aforementioned disadvantages to the effect that a spontaneous start and a Spontaneous interruption of the supply of individual or groups of distribution organs with distribution material as well as a loading the same is possible with individually different mass flows of goods to be distributed. It is also directed to a method for spreading material to be distributed, in particular in the form of seed and / or fertilizer, which can be carried out by means of such a pneumatic distributing machine.

The first part of this object is achieved according to the invention in a pneumatic distribution machine of the type mentioned in that

- A group of distributing organs is assigned to a respective decentralized metering device with a respective decentralized container, and

- a respective decentralized metering element is arranged above the respective group of distributing elements, wherein the dispensing material dosed by means of a respective decentralized dosing organ can be fed to the respective group of distributing elements due to gravity.

From a procedural point of view, the invention for solving this problem in a method for Ausbrin conditions of distribution material of the type mentioned further provides that the dosed distribution material is transferred from a respective decentralized metering member to a group of distributing members arranged below it as a result of gravity.

The embodiment according to the invention therefore provides a plurality of decentralized containers, which are supplied with distribution material from the central storage container by means of pneumatic conveying through a respective conveying line and which each have their own decentralized metering organ, whose metering rollers are independent of one another and - if available - of course, they are also driven in rotation independently of a central metering device. The decentralized metering devices are used for the individual supply of the groups of distribution devices assigned to them with the respective Because the desired mass flow of material to be distributed, which does not necessarily have to be constant, but in particular can also take into account different application rates in different field sections. Due to the arrangement of a respective decentralized metering element above the respective group of distributing elements, the mass flow of material to be distributed metered by means of a respective decentralized metering element can be fed to the associated distribution elements purely due to gravity to the group, be it directly from a dosing outlet of the decentralized dosing element or be it via guiding devices such as chutes, pipes, shafts or the like.

In this way there are a number of surprising advantages over the prior art Drillma machines. Thus, if a distributor head is provided for the pneumatic transfer of the distribution material from the central storage container to the decentralized container with the decentralized metering devices, the design according to the invention avoids all of the inherent disadvantages of the distribution head as such, since any uneven distribution of the distribution material over the majority of connections the distributor head plays no role in all operating situations and the distributor head is only used to fill or refill the decentralized container, which is followed by the actual dosing process by means of the respective decentralized dosing element. In a corresponding manner, temporary formations of aggregations or plugs of distribution material particles during their pneumatic transfer to a respective decentralized container do not lead to distribution errors and can be accepted without any adverse effects.

In addition, due to the arrangement of a respective decentralized metering element above it, in particular assigned group of distributing organs ensures that there is practically no effect between the switch-off or switch-on time or between the acceleration / deceleration of individual decentralized metering organs and the time at which this affects the mass flow of dosed material to be distributed received at a respective distributing element Dead times result, so that individual decentralized metering devices and consequently the distribution devices assigned to them can be controlled and / or regulated more or less in real time, e.g. also on a temporally and / or spatially changing target mass flow to distribution, such as in particular according to a predetermined one Application map. The same applies, for example, to cornering, on which the inner distribution organs can be supplied with a lower mass flow of material to be distributed than the outer distribution organs, for example depending on the curve radius. Nonetheless, the pneumatic distributor according to the invention is structurally simple, since the dispensing material dosed by means of the decentralized metering elements does not require any further (pneumatic) conveyance, but reaches the respective group of distributing elements purely due to gravity. In this Wei se, for example, even with a pneumatic Säma machine or seed drill, which has, for example, distribution elements in the form of disc or drag coulters, the precise seed placement is not impaired by "blowing out" the seed from the generated sowing furrow.

Finally, the design effort, especially compared to single-grain seeders, proves to be significantly lower, since the decentralized containers provided with the decentralized metering devices supply groups of distributing devices and a decentralized container with a decentralized metering device is not assigned to each individual distribution device. which in particular also enables a very small lateral distance between the Ver part organs corresponding to the intended row spacing of, for example, about 12.5 cm or about 15 cm, as is required for many seeded seeds, such as wheat.

As already indicated, it can be provided in an advantageous embodiment that the pneumatic distributing machine has at least one central metering element downstream of the outlet opening of the central storage container with a rotationally driven central metering roller, such as a cam roller, cellular wheel roller or the like, with the transfer chamber having a metering outlet downstream of the central dosing element. According to the invention, however, the central metering element only serves to fill the decentralized container by means of pneumatic conveyance through the conveying line (s) according to the need for distribution material of a respective decentralized container.

From a procedural point of view, it can therefore preferably be provided that the distribution material is transferred from the outlet opening of the central storage container to at least one downstream, central metering element with a rotary-driven central metering roller, where the distribution material is then transferred by controlled and / or regulated rotation of the central metering roller of the central dosing element and is transferred into the transfer chamber downstream of the central dosing element.

As also already indicated, the design according to the invention in this case on the one hand makes it possible for the initial section of the delivery line to open into a distributor head, which has a plurality of individually, preferably remotely controllable, closable connections, with a respective connection of the distributor head Connected end section of the delivery line which opens into a decentralized container each of a decentralized metering device, in order to fill this as required (if the associated connection on the distributor head is open) or not to fill (if the associated connection on the distributor head, e.g. by means of a manual or in particular motor-operated flap or the like is closed) when the group of Ver sub-organs assigned to the respective decentralized container is to be deactivated, for example on the occasion of a partial-width circuit, or when the respective decentralized container is still sufficiently full. Instead, the presence of a distributor head can also be dispensed with if, for example, the central metering wheel of the central metering element has a plurality of central metering wheel segments that are driven in rotation independently of one another, each of which is followed by a transfer chamber which opens into a respective starting section of a conveyor line, the end section of which opens into a decentralized container each of a decentralized metering device. Each decentralized container is consequently assigned one or a group of central metering wheel segments of the central metering wheel of the central metering element, so that each decentralized container can be filled as required and independently of one another. Such a metering member with a plurality of independently driven rotationally driven metering wheel segments is known, inter alia, from WO 2018/219489 A1, which is hereby explicitly made the subject of the present disclosure.

In an advantageous embodiment, it can be provided in this context that a respective decentralized Be container of a respective decentralized metering element is equipped with at least one level sensor, which is equipped with a control and / or regulating device of the distributor. Machine is connected to control and / or regulate the central metering element and / or closing elements of the individually closable connections of the distributor head in such a way that the filling level of a respective decentralized container is always between a predetermined minimum and maximum filling level during operation. In this way, on the one hand, an automated refilling of the decentralized container by means of the at least one central metering element is possible as soon as the level sensor has detected a predetermined minimum level of Ver part goods in the respective decentralized container, on the other hand, an overflow of individual decentralized Be containers, e.g. from temporarily unneeded distribution organs prevented.

As already indicated, it can be provided in a further advantageous embodiment that the decentralized metering organs are connected to a control and / or regulating device of the Ver submachine, which their decentralized metering rollers, in particular depending on at least one parameter from the group

- Working width (as in particular depending on the respective partial width of a respective group of distributing organs, which are well supplied by a respective decentralized dosing organ of a respective decentralized container with distribution),

- Driving speed (such as, in particular, depending on the respective driving speed of a respective group of distributing organs, which is supplied with distribution material from a respective decentralized dosing element of a respective decentralized container, the Fahrge speed of these groups of distributing organs can be different when cornering and, for example in the middle of a respective decentralized container can be telt so that when cornering with different driving speeds of the different groups of distributing members, each group of distributing members is supplied with the individually required mass flow of goods by means of the associated decentralized dosing member of the respective decentralized container),

- Target distribution amount, in particular according to an electronic application map (such as, in particular, depending on the target distribution amount of a respective group of distribution organs, which is supplied with distribution material from a respective decentralized dosing element of a respective decentralized container and which, depending on the nature of the soil and nutrient requirements of the Plants can be different),

- Position of the distribution machine in the field, which can be determined by means of a position detection system connected to the control and / or regulating device, e.g. GPS (such as, in particular, depending on the geographical position of a respective group of distribution organs, which are controlled by a respective decentralized Dosing organ of a respective decentralized container is supplied with Ver Teilgut, for example the center of a respective decentralized container can serve as a reference position, which can be determined from a central GPS signal and the geometric arrangement of the decentralized container), and

- Curve radius of the distributor during cornering (such as, in particular, depending on the respective change in the driving speed of a respective group of distributing organs, which is supplied by a respective decentralized dosing element of a respective decentralized container with distribution material, which is due to a cornering depending on the Curve radius for each group of distribution organs results; see above), independently controlled and / or regulated rotary drives. The design according to the invention makes this possible in a simple and very precise manner due to the greatest possible avoidance of dead times between the dosing process of the decentralized dosing elements and the bringing of the dosed distributing material particles by means of the respective distributing element directly below a respective unit of the decentralized container with the decentralized Dosieror gan.

The decentralized dosing organs with the decentralized containers are preferably each arranged essentially with the same vertical spacing above a respective group of distributing organs, the decentralized dosing organs with the decentralized containers being in particular mounted in such a way that their vertical distance from the respective group of distributing organs during of the operation remains essentially constant. This results in practically the same, mainly vertical, distance between each decentralized metering device and the group of distribution devices assigned to it, so that any time delays, which are already extremely small, until a distribution material particle dosed by means of a decentralized metering device reaches the respective distribution device due to gravity are the same for all decentralized dosing and distribution units.

From a structural point of view, it can be useful in this context, for example, if the decentralized dosing organs with the decentralized containers are mounted on a boom carrying the partial organs, in particular detachable with a variable transverse distance from one another, so that the spacing of the distributing organs can be adapted to different seed row spacings are. With "boom" in the sense of the present disclosure are moreover general my any, partial mesh extending in the transverse direction of the pneumatic Ver carrier including coulter carriers, etc. addressed.

If necessary, the invention also provides the possibility of assigning a single distribution element to one or several decentralized container (s) with a decentralized metering element, so that the mass flow of distribution material for such a distribution element can be controlled and / or regulated independently of one another or such Distribution elements can be deactivated individually in order for the smallest possible part width with negligible dead times between a change in the mass flow of material to be distributed due to a change in the speed of the decentralized metering roller of the respective decentralized metering element and the arrival of the changed mass flow of material to be distributed at the associated distribution element to worry due to gravity.

As already mentioned, the invention also provides the possibility of assigning a group of distribution elements to all decentralized containers with a decentralized metering element, so that the mass flow of distribution material for each group of distribution elements can be controlled and / or regulated independently of one another or individual groups can be individually deactivated by distribution devices - or more precisely: no more distribution material received - in order to allow for a somewhat coarser subdivision of the individual sections with again negligible dead times between a change in the mass flow of distribution material as a result of a change in the speed of the decentralized metering roller of a respective decentralized metering unit and to ensure the arrival of the changed mass flow of goods to be distributed at the associated group of distributors as a result of gravity. Accordingly, for example, at least one decentralized metering device can be provided, which belongs to a group, in particular of two, three, four, five, six, seven and / or eight adjacent distribution organs is assigned, the distance between the distribution organs provided in groups - as mentioned above - can be very small.

Of course, in a pneumatic distributing machine according to the invention, in which different groups of distributing elements and possibly also individual distributing elements can be supplied with independently controllable and / or regulatable mass flows of distributing material from a unit formed from a decentralized dosing element and a decentralized container It should be provided that the assignment of the decentralized containers with the decentralized dosing units to the respective distribution units can be configured individually and can be adapted to the specific needs of a very fine or somewhat coarser sub-division of the sections as well as, for example, depending on a tramline switching the center distance and the wheel or tire width of a self-propelled pneumatic distribution machine or a tractor, such as a tractor, which a pneumatic distribution machine designed as a self-propelled or as an attachment device by means of ih res three-point linkage to drive, pull or carry.

For example, it may prove useful if at least one central decentralized container with a decentralized metering device is assigned at least one group of distribution devices arranged between the wheels or tires of the distributor or a tractor that pulls or carries it, such as a tractor. In this case, for example, a single decentralized container with a decentralized metering device can be provided, which is assigned to all distribution organs arranged between such wheels or tires (the central section extends consequently from wheel to wheel), or, for example, two decentralized containers, each with a decentralized metering device, can be provided, which are each assigned to a group of distribution devices, which are located on the one hand between the center of the distribution machine and the left wheel or tire, on the other hand, extend between the center of the distribution machine and the right wheel or tire (two central sections consequently each extend from the center of the distribution machine to a respective wheel), with a finer subdivision between the wheels or tires, of course, if necessary of fewer, combined into a respective group and supplied by means of a respective decentralized metering element of a respective decentralized Behäl age distribution elements is conceivable. Alternatively or in addition, it may be useful if each decentralized container with a decentralized metering device that extends across the width of a wheel or a tire of the Ver sub machine or a pulling or supporting Zugma machine, such as a tractor, extending group of Distributing lorganen is assigned, which enables, for example, a need-wise release of the lanes when the respective decentralized metering devices are switched off. In addition, it can be useful if each at least one outer, outside of the wheels or tires of the distribution machine or a decentralized container with a decentralized metering device is assigned to a group of distribution devices, their number corresponds to the number of distributing organs or an integer divisor thereof, which extend over the width of a wheel or tire of the distributing machine or a tractor pulling or carrying it (the outer one formed by a decentralized Behäl ter and a decentralized metering element Units can consequently be designed according to those of the lanes or, for example, be half or quarter as large and supply eight, four or two adjacent distributing elements in groups with distribution material).

According to a first, very simple and inexpensive embodiment variant, it can be provided, for example, that the decentralized metering roller of a respective decentralized metering element, which is assigned to a group of distribution elements, is driven to rotate at identical rotational speeds for all of the distribution elements assigned to it in order to be able to supply the same mass flow of material to be distributed to all distribution elements of this group of distribution elements, which can be done, for example, by means of a single, for example electric, rotary drive. The partial widths of the distributing machine that can be achieved in this way consequently correspond to the sum of the individual partial widths of the individual distributing organs combined into a respective group, with several groups of distributing organs again not necessarily having to comprise the same number of distributing organs.

According to an embodiment variant that has been further developed in comparison, it can alternatively or additionally be provided that the decentralized metering roller of a respective decentralized metering element, which is assigned to a group of distributing elements, is rotationally driven independently of one another at different rotational speeds for each distributing element or subgroups of distributing elements, in order to be able to supply all distribution organs or subgroups of distributing organs of this group of distributing organs with different mass flows of material to be distributed, so that partial width switching is possible within the group of distributing organs which are supplied with material to be distributed by one and the same decentralized dosing element. This can be done, for example, in that the decentralized metering roller of a respective decentralized metering element, which is assigned to a group of distributing elements, has a plurality of independently rotationally driven decentralized metering wheel segments, whose respective metering outlets each to a distributing element or to a subgroup of distribution organs of this group of Ver distribution organs opens. Such a decentralized metering roller can, for example, again essentially be designed in accordance with WO 2018/219489 A1 cited above and, for example, have a decentralized metering wheel segment assigned to each distribution element of the group of distributing elements, or it can also comprise, for example, only two decentralized metering wheel segments each of which is able to supply a distribution element or a subgroup of distribution elements within the group of distribution organs assigned to this de central dosing element with different mass flows of material to be distributed, whereby, for example, two independent drives of the decentralized dosing wheel segments, which are seated on coaxial drive shafts, can be provided.

In addition, it can basically be provided in a manner known as such that the decentralized metering organs include decentralized metering rollers with different types of metering wheels, so that they can be used for different distribution goods, e.g. for fine seeds on the one hand (e.g. rapeseed or the like), on the other hand for normal seed ( eg wheat or the like) can be used by covering the type of metering wheel that is not required by means of manually or motorized actuated slides or the like or by interrupting the flow to the metering wheel type that is not required in each case. Such metering rollers are known, for example, from DE 37 23 495 A1 or DE 102018 006 660 A1. As already mentioned, the gruppenwei se each of a decentralized container each with a decentralized metering element supplied with distribution elements can be arranged at a small transverse distance from one another, in particular of at most about 15 cm.

The decentralized containers of the decentralized metering elements are preferably essentially tightly closed, in particular by means of a removable cover, in order to protect the distribution material received therein not only from external influences such as moisture, dirt, soil and dust particles, etc., but also usually on booms, such as coulter bars or the like, fixed decentralized Be container from a loss of distribution, if the boom is folded up or to the side after the distribution work is done in order to transport the pneumatic distribution machine over public roads from the processed field. The end section of a respective conveying line expediently opens into a corresponding filler neck of a respective decentralized Behäl age or possibly also its cover.

In particular in the case of such, essentially tightly closable decentralized containers, the decentralized containers of the decentralized metering elements should advantageously have a device for pressure equalization with respect to the environment so as not to impair the pneumatic supply of distribution material by means of the at least one central metering element. Such pressure compensation devices can in principle have any configurations known as such from the prior art, for example in the form of a sieve, filter, sintered metal insert or the like.

In order to avoid a loss of organs still in the decentralized dosing and / or from the decentralized containers In the decentralized metering in flowing distribution to counter well safe and reliable when the units formed from decentralized containers and decentralized metering units supporting boom is folded up or to the side in the manner described above after the distribution work is done, can also be advantageously provided that the decentralized metering devices seal the decentralized container assigned to them when the decentralized metering roller is at a standstill. For this purpose, the decentralized metering organs can be self-sealing, for example, in that they have a metering roller formed by a cellular wheel or a plurality of cellular wheel segments. As an alternative or in addition, the decentralized metering devices can for this purpose have at least one slide, by means of which the decentralized metering device can be closed compared to the decentralized container, so that the passage opening from a respective decentralized container into a respective decentralized metering device is closed by means of the slide can. With regard to an advantageous embodiment of such a metering element, reference is again made to DE 102018 006 660 A1, which has already been cited and which is hereby expressly made the subject of the present disclosure.

While the rotary drives of the decentralized metering devices, in particular both the decentralized metering devices and - if present - the at least one central metering device, can in principle be any, expediently speed-controllable and / or regulatable drives, such as hydraulic drives, The drives can preferably be electrical drives which, for example, can be connected to the power supply of a tractor, such as a tractor, via appropriate interfaces. According to a further development of the pneumatic distributing machine according to the invention, it can also be provided that it comprises a central first and second storage container on the one hand to allow two different distribution goods, such as a seed and a fertilizer or two different seed (e.g. rapeseed and field beans, their growth is mutually conveyed), and that on the other hand it comprises decentralized first and second containers arranged in pairs, of which the decentralized first container via a first transfer chamber with the central first storage container and the decentralized second container via a second transfer chamber with the central second storage container communicates. In this case, the pairs of decentralized containers are each provided with a decentralized metering device, the decentralized metering rollers of which are rotationally driven independently of each other in order to be able to feed the respective distribution material from the respective decentralized container at the desired application rate to the respective group of distribution devices. The structure of the decentralized dosing elements of the pairs of decentralized containers can correspond to that of the decentralized dosing elements of the individual decentralized containers, whereby it is of course possible in a corresponding manner to use al len decentralized containers of the pairs of decentralized containers, groups of distribution elements or, if necessary, also individual ones Assign distribution organs. Accordingly, in a further development of the pneumatic distribution machine, it can be provided that it comprises the following components:

- At least one central first storage container carried by the frame with at least one first outlet opening and at least one central second storage container carried by the frame with at least one second outlet opening; - At least one first transfer chamber downstream of the first outlet opening for transferring distribution goods stored in the central first storage container into an initial section of at least one first conveying line and at least one second transfer chamber downstream of the central second storage container for transferring distribution goods stored in the central second storage container into an initial section at least one second delivery line;

- At least one fan for subjecting the first and second conveyor lines with an air stream;

- A plurality of decentralized first containers and decentralized second containers arranged in pairs, with a respective end section of the first conveyor line opening into the decentralized first container of the pairs at decentralized first and decentralized second containers and into the decentralized second container of the pairs at decentralized first and decentralized ones a respective end section of the second conveying line opens into the second containers; and

- A plurality of decentralized first metering devices, which are arranged downstream of a respective outlet opening of the decentralized first container and each have a decentralized first metering roller driven independently of one another in rotation, and a plurality of decentralized second metering devices, which are arranged downstream of a respective outlet opening of the decentralized second container and each Weil have a decentralized second metering roller driven in rotation both independently of one another and independently of the decentralized first metering rollers of the decentralized first metering members, wherein

- A respective decentralized first metering element and a respective decentralized second metering element of a respective pair of a first decentralized container and one second decentralized container is assigned to a group of distributing organs, and

- A respective decentralized first metering organ and a respective decentralized second metering organ of a respective pair of a decentralized first container and a decentralized second container is arranged above the respective group of distributing organs, both by means of a respective decentralized first metering organ and by means of a respective one decentralized second metering device can be supplied to the respective group of distributing devices due to gravity.

In an advantageous embodiment, it can of course also be provided in the case of such a paired arrangement of the central containers that the pneumatic distributing machine has a central first metering element downstream of the first outlet opening of the central first storage container with a rotationally driven central first metering roller and at least one of the second outlet opening of the central one Having a second storage container downstream, central second metering element with a rotationally driven central second metering roller, the first transfer chamber being arranged downstream of a first metering outlet of the central first metering element and the second transfer chamber being arranged downstream of a second metering outlet of the central second metering element.

Finally, as an alternative or in addition to the presence of the decentralized container pairs of the type described above, which can be filled by fluidized distribution material flows from two separate storage containers (or from a storage container having several chambers), it can be provided that a respective one or at least some the decentralized container or the pairs of decentralized first and second containers are each assigned an additional Behäl ter, which is referred to below as "additional container". The additional container is also equipped with an additional metering element, such as one of the type described above, which is able to feed the distribution material of the respective group located in the additional container to distribution elements or, if necessary, also to individual elements by means of gravity. However, the additional containers are not connected to a central storage container, but are used to hold relatively small amounts of so-called microgranulates, such as micronutrients and trace elements, soil improvers, pesticides, etc., which are manually or automatically added to the additional containers before the distribution work can without the need for an additional storage container with appropriate pneumatic refill means. According to such a development, it can accordingly be provided in a pneumatic distribution machine according to the invention that

- A respective decentralized container or a respective pair of a decentralized first container and a decentralized second container is assigned a decentralized additional container that is not connected to the at least one central storage container with a decentralized additional dosing element which is downstream of its outlet opening, the additional dosing elements each having one both independently of one another and independently of the decentralized metering rollers of the decentralized metering elements have rotary-driven decentralized additional metering roller,

- A respective decentralized additional dosing element and a respective decentralized dosing element or a respective decentralized first dosing element and a decentralized one second metering member of a respective pair of a decentralized first container and a decentralized second container is assigned a group of distributing members, and

- A respective decentralized additional dosing element and a respective decentralized dosing element or a respective decentralized first dosing element and a respective decentralized second dosing element of a respective pair of a decentralized first container and a decentralized second container is arranged above the respective group of distributing organs, with both the means of a respective decentralized additional metering organ as well as the distribution material dosed by means of a respective decentralized metering organ or a respective decentralized first and second metering organ can be fed to the respective group of Ver sub-organs due to gravity.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of Ausführungsbeispie len with reference to the drawings. Show:

Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a Ausfüh approximate form of a pneumatic distributor according to the invention in the form of a seed drill for spreading seed and / or fertilizer;

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the pneumatic distribution machine according to FIG. 1,

3 is a schematic view from above of the pneumatic distributor according to FIGS. 1 and 2;

4 is a schematic perspective view of a

Distribution head of the pneumatic distribution machine according to Figures 1 to 3 including the pneumatic tables conveyor components; FIG. 5 shows a schematic perspective detailed view of the distributor head according to FIG. 4 with a plurality of connections and housings attached to them, each with a shut-off device for closing individual connections as required; FIG.

6 shows a schematic perspective view of one of the housings according to FIG. 5;

7 is a schematic sectional view of the housing according to FIG. 6;

8 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a central metering element of the pneumatic distributing machine with a central metering roller which comprises a plurality of central metering wheel segments and which can make a distributor head dispensable;

9 is a schematic perspective sectional view of the segmented central metering roller of the central metering element according to FIG. 8, as it can in principle also be provided for decentralized metering elements to which a group of sub-organs is assigned;

10 shows a schematic longitudinal section through the segmented central metering roller of the central metering element according to FIGS. 8 and 9;

11 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the segmented central metering roller of the central metering element according to FIGS. 8 to 10;

Fig. 12 is a schematic perspective view of embodiments of each from a decentralized container with a decentralized metering GE formed units, some of which are individual Distribution organs and other groups of distributing organs of the pneumatic distributor according to FIGS. 1 to 3 are assigned;

13 shows a schematic perspective detail view of part of the units formed from the decentralized metering devices and the decentralized containers according to FIG. 12;

14 shows a schematic side view of part of the units formed from the decentralized metering elements and the decentralized containers according to FIGS. 12 and 13, viewed from the front, i.e. parallel to the direction of travel;

15 shows a schematic side view of the units formed from the decentralized metering elements and the decentralized containers according to FIGS. 12 to 14, viewed from the side, i.e. perpendicular to the direction of travel;

16 is a schematic side view of another

Embodiment of a first decentralized container with a first decentralized dosing organ, a second decentralized container with egg nem second decentralized dosing and an additional container formed with an additional dosing unit looking perpendicular to the direction of travel be;

17 is a schematic perspective detailed view of an embodiment of a unit formed by a decentralized container and a decentralized metering element according to FIGS. 12 to 15, to which a group of - here five - is assigned to distributing elements; 18 shows a schematic perspective view of the unit comprising a decentralized container and a decentralized metering element according to FIG. 17 with a cut-open metering housing of the decentralized metering element to illustrate its decentralized metering roller;

19 shows a schematic perspective detailed view of an embodiment of a decentralized dosing element which is an alternative to the decentralized metering element according to FIG. 18, which has a sealing function with respect to the decentralized container assigned to it;

FIG. 20 is a schematic sectional view through the dosing organ according to FIG. 19;

21 is a schematic perspective detailed view of an embodiment of a unit formed by a decentralized container and a decentralized dosing unit according to FIGS Flock of carriers;

22 shows a schematic side view of the unit formed from the decentralized metering element and the decentralized container according to FIG. 21 from the side, i.e. viewed perpendicular to the direction of travel; and

23 is a schematic side view of the unit formed from the decentralized metering element and the decentralized Behäl ter according to FIGS. 21 and 22 from the rear, ie parallel to the direction of travel. seeks.

In Figs. 1 to 3, an embodiment of a pneumatic distributor is shown schematically, which is designed in the present case like a sowing or drilling machine and, for example, on a übli chen three-point linkage of a tractor, such as a tractor, can be releasably set. It comprises a central storage container 1 for receiving material to be distributed, such as seed and / or fertilizer, with a cover 2 which is carried by a frame 3. On the latter, a fan 4 for generating an air flow is also Festge sets. Underneath an outlet opening (not shown in the drawings) of the central storage container 1 running downwards in the shape of a funnel, there is a housing 5 of a transfer chamber 14, which can be seen in more detail in FIG Between the outlet opening of the central storage container 1 and the transfer chamber 14, a central metering element with a central metering roller that is driven and / or regulated in rotation, such as a cam wheel, cellular wheel roller or the like (see below), is arranged, of which the 4, only the metering outlet 13 can be seen, to which the transfer chamber 14 adjoins at the bottom. The transfer chamber 14 is acted upon by the blower 4 with an air stream in order to convey the material to be distributed upwards into a distributor head 7. As can be seen in particular in FIGS. 4 and 5, the distributor head 7 comprises a plurality of connections arranged around its circumference, in the present case extending approximately radially outward, to each of which an end section 6b of the delivery line 6 is connected as it is out of Illustrative reasons only in Fig. 4 for three end sections 6b is indicated by dashed lines. The connection of the end sections 6b of the delivery line 6 can be done for example by means of a housing 18, as described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7. The outgoing from the distributor head 7 Endab sections 6b of the delivery line 6, which can be designed, for example, in the manner of hoses and are not shown in FIGS , ends facing away from the distributor head 7 are provided with distributing members 8. In the case of the seed drill shown by way of example in FIGS. 1 to 3, these distribution members 8 are coulters which are fixed on its boom 9 extending transversely to the direction of travel F, such as a coulter carrier. The boom 9 provided with the distributing organs 8 is in the present case connectable to the frame 3 of the seed drill via a coupling and expediently foldable in order to be able to transport it over the public road network. On the frame 3 of the pneumatic distribution machine can incidentally in a conventional manner soil cultivation devices 10, such as smooth and / or rough rollers, rotary harrows or the like, on which the frame 3 is able to be supported on the ground.

Fig. 4 shows the pneumatic conveying components of the distributor according to FIGS. 1 to 3, which are used for transferring the distribution material from the inside of the housing 5 be sensitive transfer chamber 14 into the distributor head by means of the initial section 6a of the conveyor line 6. The latter has at its end facing away from the distributor head 7 a connection piece 12 for fluid contact with the fan 4 (see FIGS. 1 and 2), with the metering outlet 13 of the central do- sierorgans in the transfer chamber 14, which is traversed by the starting section 6a of the conveyor line 6, a opens. From there, the dispersed material dispersed into the air flow first passes through an approximately horizontal section of the initial section 6a of the feed line 6 in a riser section of the same, which opens from below into the center of the distributor head 7, around which the radial connections for the housing begin 18 are arranged, each of which is followed by an end section 6b of the delivery line 6. Inside the housing 5 of the transfer chamber 14 arranged below the dosing outlet 13 of the central dosing organ, a nozzle on the one hand, and a diffuser configured in the manner of an expansion nozzle on the other hand can be accommodated (not shown), so that the material to be distributed, after it has been dosed in a desired mass flow by means of the central metering element, in which the transfer chamber 14 arranged between the nozzle and the diffuser of the injector is transferred into the diffuser by means of the gas stream flowing in via the nozzle and from there into the starting section 6a of the delivery line 6 arrives.

In Fig. 5 is a detailed view of the distributor head 7 with the detachably attached housing 18 is give again. As can be seen from this, the distributor head 7 comprises, on its - upper - side opposite the start section 6a of the conveying line 6 (see FIG. 4), a removable cover 16, which is fastened to the distributor head 7, for example by means of screws 15, which the in makes accessible nere of the distributor head 7 including the delivery line 6 and in particular the housing 18 attached to its connections. An embodiment of the housing 18 including shut-off organs housed therein is shown in FIGS. How does this Obviously, the housing 18 has a grit channel 20 which, at its end facing the distributor head 7, can be releasably fastened to the connections of the distributor head 7 by means of suitable locking connections 21. At the input side, the distributor head 7 facing end of the Streugutka channel 20 is the closure member 22, which is formed in the present case by a flap 23, which is arranged around an axis 24, for example perpendicular to the direction of extent of the grit channel 20 between a closed position (not shown) and an open position (see. Fig. 7) is pivotable back and forth. For this purpose, for example, a terminal lever 25 of the flap 23 to cross, linearly movable back and forth actuator 26, wel cher via a gear 27 of an electric drive motor 28 is actuated. The actuator 26, the gear 27 and the drive motor 28 are received in a separate section of the housing 18 from the grit channel 20, the actuator 26 being connected to a control and / or regulating device, not shown in the drawing, of the pneumatic Ver submachine in connection with the To be able to open and close closure members 22 individually and independently of one another.

While the central metering roller of the central metering organ supplying the distributor head 7 via the initial section 6a of the conveying line 6 with the fluidized distribution material flow, as already mentioned, is operated by a rotary drive, for example an electrical one, which is in turn connected to the control and / or regulating device of the pneumatic distributor Rotary drive, can be driven in such a way that its speed of rotation can be controlled and / or regulated according to the desired mass flow of material to be distributed, FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of a central dosing element 30 with a central dosing roller 31, which in the present case is configured, for example, in the manner of a cam roller, but, depending on the type of material to be distributed, can of course also be configured in the manner of a cellular wheel roller or in any other known manner. The central metering element 30 supplies a plurality of initial sections 6a of delivery lines 6 via a plurality of transfer chambers 14, in the present case six delivery lines 6 are shown in the drawing as an example, the number of delivery lines 6 but the number of lines below in relation to the Fig. 12 ff more detailed units of decentralized Be containers and decentralized metering devices, which can be supplied by one or more central metering devices 30, respectively. The central metering element 30 is located below an outlet opening 29 of the central storage container 1 (see FIGS. 1 to 3) and comprises a central metering housing 32 in which the central metering roller 31 is rotatably mounted.

As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 9 to 11, the central metering roller 31 of the central Dosieror gans 30 includes one of the number of conveyor lines 6, which are supplied by the central metering member 30, corresponding number of central Dosierradsegmenten 33, which inde pendent of each other are rotationally driven. In the exemplary embodiment shown, this is done by means of one, independently of one another, speed-controllable and / or regulatable, here electric, electric motor 34 assigned to a respective central metering wheel segment 33, in order to stop both individual central metering wheel segments 33 of the central metering roller 31 and the central metering wheel segments 33 to be able to drive with different rotation speeds. The central metering wheel segments 33 of the central metering roller 31 are here, for example, on one another Supported essentially tubular hollow body 35 extending coaxially to its axis of rotation, which is rigidly, but preferably releasably, fixed in the central metering housing 32. The - here electrical - rotary drives 34 of the central Dosierradsegmente 34 are protected from external influences in the interior of the tubular hollow body 35 and are screwed, for example, to mounting flanges in the interior of the hollow body 35. The latter is provided with a plurality of through openings 36 which are arranged at a distance from one another in the axial direction and which are overlapped by a respective central metering wheel segment 33. The through openings 36 of the hollow body 35 serve to connect a respective rotary drive 34 to a respective central metering wheel segment 33, which for this purpose has internal teeth 37 which extend around an inner circumferential section and which are left free through a respective through opening 36 of the hollow body 35. The internal toothing 37 of a respective central dosing wheel segment 33 is in engagement with a respective gear 38, which is mounted on an output shaft 39 (cf. FIG. 11) of a respective rotary drive 34, expediently arranged eccentrically with respect to the axis of rotation of the central dosing wheel segments 33 sits. For the rest, reference is made to WO 2018/219489 A1 cited above with regard to the design of such a central metering element 30.

While in Fig. 12 a detailed view of one of the casual 9 of the pneumatic distributor shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is shown schematically, Figs. 13 to 15 each show a portion of this boom 9 over half of its transverse extent for purposes of illustration. As can be seen there, on the one hand, the distribution members 8 - here in the form of seed coulters - at a distance of, for example, 12.5 cm, are on the boom 9 in a conventional manner. 15 cm or the like attached, as desired for the application of the respective seed. On the other hand, a plurality of decentralized containers 40 are fastened to the boom 9 above the distributing elements 8, which can have different capacities, depending on whether they are attached to a distributing element 8 (see, for example, in FIGS. 12 to 14 on the far left as well as FIGS . 21 to 23) or a group of several - here two, three, four and five - Ver Teilorganen 8 are assigned. The decentralized container 40, like the distributing members 8, are preferably detachable, that is to say at a variable distance, on the boom 9 installed in order to be able to set them according to the desired row spacing of the seed on the boom 9. The decentralized containers 40 are in the present case also essentially tightly closable by means of a cover 42 each, whereby they are expediently equipped with a device (not shown in the drawing) for pressure equalization with respect to the environment, such as in the form of a sieve, filter, sintered metal insert or the like, may be provided. Each decentralized container 40 is connected by means of one or more filling nozzles 43 to an end section 6b of the distribution line 6, which - as mentioned above - for example with a respective connection of the distribution head 7 (see in particular FIG. 4) or directly with egg ner respective, the central metering 30 downstream individual transfer chamber 14 is in connection (see FIG. 8) in order to be able to ben the decentralized containers 40 in an automated manner to be distributed from the central storage container 1.

Each decentralized container is located on its underside

40 is provided with one or more outlet openings, each of which has a decentralized metering device at the bottom

41 connects, each decentralized metering device 41 one rotary-driven decentralized metering roller 44, which can best be seen in FIG. 18, in which the metering housing of the decentralized metering element 41 is shown broken away. The decentralized metering roller 44 of each decentralized metering element 41 is independently controllable and / or adjustable by means of its own, e.g. electric, rotary drive 45, which is connected to the control and / or regulating device, according to the individually desired mass flow of material to be distributed - ben. The decentralized dosing elements 41 of each decentralized container 40 are each arranged directly above the distribution element 8 assigned to them or the group of distribution elements 8 assigned to them, so that the goods received by means of a respective decentralized dosing element 41 from a respective decentralized container 40 are distributed according to their Dosing is fed purely as a result of gravity to the distribution element 8 below or the group of distribution elements 8 below. This is done, for example, by means of a collecting funnel 46 arranged below the metering outlet of a respective metering element 41 in or directly below its metering housing, to which a hose line 47 can connect, which ends directly at the distribution element 8 - as here, for example, at a respective seed coulter ( see in particular FIG. 15). All decentralized containers 40 with their decentralized metering devices 41 - be they a single distribution device 8 (FIGS. 21 to 23) or be assigned to a group of distribution devices 8 (FIGS. 17 and 18) - are at the same vertical distance above the respective Distributing members 8 mounted on the boom 9 so that this vertical distance, possibly apart from slight vibrations while driving over uneven terrain, remains approximately constant during operation. An alternative embodiment of a decentralized dosing organ 41 compared to the decentralized metering element 41 according to FIG. 18, which has a sealing function with respect to the decentralized container 40 assigned to it, can be seen in FIGS. 19 and 20. For this purpose, the decentralized metering roller 44 comprises in this case at least one - in the present case two or more - cell wheel segments which are self-sealing against the inner cross-section of the decentralized metering housing and, in the embodiment shown, also have different geometries intended for different distribution goods. Each cell wheel segment of the metering roller 44 is also assigned a slide 49 that can be displaced between an open and a closed position, for example approximately in the circumferential direction of the decentralized metering roller 44 according to the arrow P in FIG required cellular wheel segment, on the other hand, all cellular wheel segments of the decentralized metering roller 44 is able to close ver, in order to also ensure the best possible seal of the metering element 44 with respect to the decentralized container 40, which is not shown again in FIGS. 19 and 20. For example, a drive 50 of the metering slide 49 arranged on the outside of the metering housing of the decentralized metering element 41 can be actuated manually or remotely controllable by a motor, with respect to the specific design of such an embodiment of a decentralized metering element 44 referring to DE 102018 006 660 cited above Al should be referred.

As already mentioned, all units formed from a decentralized container 40 and a decentralized dosing element 41 can each be assigned to a group of distributing elements 8, or, if necessary, some decentralized containers 40 with a decentralized dosing element 41 can be a single Zigen distribution member 8 be assigned. While the last-mentioned embodiment is shown again in a schematic detailed view in FIGS. 21 to 23 (cf. also on the far left in FIGS. 12 to 14), one embodiment is one formed from a decentralized container 40 and a decentralized metering element 41 Unit which is assigned to a group of - here five - distribution members 8, in particular to be seen in FIGS. 17 and 18 (cf. also on the far right in FIGS. 12 to 14). The decentralized metering roller 44 - here for example in the form of a cam roller - of the decentralized metering element 41 can in this case be rotationally driven by means of a single rotary drive 45, so that the rotational speed of the decentralized metering roller 44 is identical for all - here five - of the distributing elements 8 assigned to it and the latter are consequently each supplied with an identical mass flow of goods to be distributed. If the finest possible part-width section switching is desired, provision can also be made instead that the decentralized metering roller 44 of a respective decentralized metering element 41, which is assigned to a group of distributing elements 8, with different rotational speeds for each distributing element 8 or sub-groups of distributing elements 8 independently of one another is driven in rotation in order to be able to supply different mass flows of material to be distributed to all distribution elements 8 or subgroups of distribution elements 8 of this group. In this case, the decentralized dosing element 41 can be configured, for example, essentially in accordance with the embodiment of a central dosing element 30 shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, so that each of the independently rotating dosing wheel segments can be provided with a respective dosing outlet, if necessary via a respective collecting funnel 46 and a ne this downstream hose line 47, each one of the distribution members 8 is supplied with distribution material.

In order to ensure that a respective decentralized container 40 is able to keep a sufficient supply of distribution material ready during operation on the one hand, but also not "overflows" on the other hand, the decentralized containers 40 of a respective decentralized metering element 41 can also be equipped with level sensors 48 be equipped, wel cher with the control and / or regulating device of the pneumatic tables distributing machine in connection to the zent ral metering element 30 (Fig. 9 to 11) and / or the one each of the connection of the distributor head 7 associated closure organs 22 of the To control and / or regulate the flap housing 18 of the distributor head 7 (FIGS. 4 to 7) in such a way that the filling level of a respective decentralized container 40 is always between a predetermined minimum and maximum filling level during operation. In the present case this is provided on the one hand at a minimum fill level, on the other hand a level sensor 48 arranged at a maximum fill level, with those loading containers 40 which are assigned to a group of, for example, four or more Ver sub-organs 8 and consequently have a relatively large width , for example, each have two filling level sensors 48 arranged at a minimum and maximum filling level in order to take care of the fact that the powdery or particulate material to be distributed does not necessarily form a flat surface.

Finally, FIG. 16 shows a further embodiment of a unit formed from a first decentralized container 40a with a first decentralized dosing element 41a, a second decentralized container 40b with a second decentralized dosing element 41b and an additional container 40c with an additional dosing element 41c depicted as them for a known as such from the prior art and therefore not shown again in the drawing Ausfüh approximately form of a pneumatic distributor application, which has two storage containers 1 or a storage container 1 having two separate chambers, which the NEN and the first for the storage of different distribution goods or second outlet opening is followed by a first or second transfer chamber, respectively, in order to pneumatically transfer the goods stored in a respective first or second storage container 1 via a conveyor line to one of the first 40a and second decentralized containers 40b. As can be seen in FIG. 16, in this case the decentralized first container 40a and the decentralized second container 40b are each arranged in pairs, here for example one behind the other in the direction of travel, where both the first 40a and the second decentralized container 40b each have one Filling nozzle 43a, 43b, which is connected to one end section of a respective conveying line (not shown). The decentralized first 41a and decentralized second metering elements 41b, which are arranged downstream of a respective decentralized first 40a and decentralized second container 40b, can have a structure as described above, each with a decentralized first and second metering roller, which in turn are controlled and / or regulated independently of one another drives 45a, 45b, for example in the form of electric motors, are operated. The groups of distributing members 8 arranged below the same or, if necessary, also individual distributing members 8 to which the both from, on the other hand from the decentralized second containers 40b and decentralized second dosing members 41b on the one hand from the decentralized first containers 40a and decentralized first metering devices 41b can in turn be assigned a respective first de- central container 40a as well as from a respective second decentralized container 40b metered mass flows of Ver part goods are transferred due to gravity, for example by being fed to the respective distributor 8 via a common collecting funnel 46.

In addition, in the embodiment according to FIG. 16, a decentralized additional container 40c with a decentralized additional metering element 41c is provided, which is not connected to the central storage container 1 of the pneumatic distribution machine and, for example, manually or automatically with additional distribution goods, for example in the form of so-called Micro-granules, which are to be applied in only small quantities, can be filled. The decentralized additional metering roller of the decentralized additional metering element 41c is again by means of its own for this purpose

Rotary drive 45c independently of the rotary drives 45a, 45b of the decentralized first 41a and second metering elements 41b controls and / or regulated rotationally driven and opens, for example, also into the collecting funnel 46, to the distribution material stored in the decentralized additional container 40c also to the respective distribution element 8 or the To be able to supply group of distribution organs 8 purely as a result of gravity.

Claims

Claims 1. Pneumatic distributor for spreading Ver part good, especially seed drill and / or fertilizer, comprehensive send - A central storage container (1) carried by a frame (3) and having at least one outlet opening (29); - At least one of the discharge opening (29) downstream transfer chamber (14) for transferring in the zentra len storage container (1) stored distribution material in an initial section (6a) of at least one conveyor line (6); - At least one fan (4) for applying the För derleitung (6) with an air stream; - A plurality of decentralized containers (40) arranged downstream of each end section (6b) of the conveying line (6), into which a respective end section (6b) of the conveying line (6) opens; - A plurality of decentralized metering devices (41) each arranged downstream of the outlet opening of a decentralized container (40), each with a decentralized metering roller (44) that is rotationally driven independently of one another; and - A plurality of distribution elements (8) arranged downstream of the decentralized metering elements (41), characterized in that - A respective group of distribution elements (8) is assigned to a respective decentralized metering element (41) with a respective decentralized container (40), and - A respective decentralized metering element (41) arranged above the respective group of distribution elements (8) is net, the distribution material dosed by means of a respective decentralized metering element (41) being able to be fed to the respective group of distribution elements (8) as a result of gravity. 2. Distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that it furthermore has at least one central metering element (30) downstream of the outlet opening (29) of the central storage container (1) with a rotationally driven central metering roller (31), the transfer chamber (14 ) is arranged downstream of a metering outlet (13) of the central metering element (30). 3. Distributor according to claim 2, characterized in that - The starting section (6a) of the delivery line (6) opens into a distributor head (7) which has a plurality of individually closable connections, an end section (6b) of the delivery line (6) being connected to a respective connection of the distributor head (7) which opens into a decentralized container (40) each of a decentralized metering element (41); and or - The central metering wheel (31) of the central metering organ (30) has a plurality of central metering wheel segments (33) driven in rotation independently of one another, each of which is followed by a transfer chamber (14), each of which has a respective starting section (6a) of a conveying line (6 ) opens, the Endab section (6b) each opening into a decentralized container (40) of a decentralized metering element (41). 4. Distributor according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that a respective decentralized container (40) of a respective decentralized metering element (41) is equipped with at least one level sensor (48) which is equipped with a control and / or regulating device of the distributor is connected to the central dosing member (30) and / or closure members (22) of the individually closable connections of the distributor head (7) to control and / or regulate that the level of a respective decentralized container (40) during the Operation is always between a specified minimum and maximum level. 5. Distributor according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the decentralized metering elements (41) are connected to a control and / or regulating device of the distributor, which decentralized metering rollers (44), in particular in dependence at least of a parameter from the group - working width, - driving speed, - Target distribution amount, in particular according to an electronic application map, - Position of the distributor on the field, which can be determined by means of a position detection system connected to the control and / or regulating device, and - Curve radius of the distributor while cornering, independently controlled and / or regulated rotary drives. 6. Distributor according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the decentralized metering elements (41) with the decentralized containers (40) are each essentially arranged with the same vertical distance above a respective group of distribution elements (8), the decentralized metering devices (41) with the decentralized containers (40) are in particular mounted in such a way that their vertical distance from the respective group of distribution devices (8) remains essentially constant during operation. 7. Distributor according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the decentralized metering elements (41) with the decentralized containers (40) on an arm (9) carrying the distribution elements (8), in particular detachably with a variable transverse distance from one another, mounted are. 8. Distributor according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one decentralized container (40) with a decentralized Dosieror gan (41) is also provided, which is assigned to a single distributor (8). 9. Distributor according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one decentralized container (40) is provided with a decentralized metering element (41) which is a group of two, three, four, five, six, seven and / or eight adjacent, distribution organs (8) is assigned. 10. Distributor according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that - At least one central decentralized container (40) with a decentralized metering device (41) is assigned to at least one group of distribution devices (8) arranged between the wheels of the distribution machine or a group of distribution devices (8) which is pulling or carrying it; and or - One decentralized container (40) each with one decentralized metering element (41) which is assigned to a group of distributing elements (8) extending over the width of one wheel of the distributing machine or a group of distributing elements (8) that pulls or carries it; and or - a group of distribution elements (8) is assigned to at least one outer, outside of the wheels of the distribution machine or a decentralized container (40) that pulls or carries the tractor, each with a decentralized metering element (41), the number of which is assigned to that number of distribution elements ( 8) ent speaks or carries an integer divisor thereof, which extend over the width of one wheel of the distribution machine or one that pulls or carries the tractor. 11. Distributor according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the decentralized metering roller (44) of a respective decentralized metering element (41), which is assigned to a group of distributing elements (8), with all of the distributing elements (8) assigned to it ) identical rotational speeds is driven in rotation in order to be able to lead all distribution elements (8) of this group of partial elements (8) to the same mass flow of material to be distributed. 12. Distributor according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the decentralized metering roller (44) of a respective decentralized metering element (41), which is assigned to a group of distributing elements (8), with for each distributing element (8) or subgroups of distribution members (8) different speed speeds independently rotationally driven to be able to supply all distribution members (8) or subgroups of distribution members (8) of this group of distribution members (8) under different mass flows of material to be distributed. 13. Distributor according to claim 12, characterized in that the decentralized metering roller (44) of a respective decentralized metering member (41), which is assigned to a group of distributing members (8), has a plurality of independently rotationally driven decentralized metering wheel segments, whose respective ger dosing outlet opens in each case to a distribution element (8) or to a subgroup of distribution elements (8) of this group of distribution elements (8). 14. Distributor according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the distribution members (8) are arranged at ge ringer transverse distance from one another, in particular of at most about 15 cm. 15. Distributor according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the decentralized containers (40) of the decentralized metering elements (41), in particular by means of a removable cover (42), can be closed essentially tightly. 16. Distributor according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the decentralized container (40) of the decentralized metering elements (41) have a device for equalizing pressure with respect to the environment, in particular in the form of a sieve, filter or sintered metal insert. 17. Distributor according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the decentralized metering elements (41) when the decentralized metering roller (44) is at a standstill, seal the decentralized container (40) assigned to them, the decentralized metering elements (41) in particular - A metering roller (44) formed by a cellular wheel roller or a plurality of cellular wheel segments; and or - Have at least one slide (49) by means of which the decentralized metering element (44) can be closed with respect to the decentralized container (40). 18. Distributor according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the rotary drives ben (45) of the decentralized dosing elements (41), in particular both the decentralized dosing elements (41) and the at least one central dosing element (30 ), to electric drives. 19. Distributor according to one of claims 1 to 18, comprising: - At least one central first storage container carried by the frame with at least one first outlet opening and at least one of the frame supported central second storage container having at least one second outlet opening; - At least one first transfer chamber downstream of the first outlet opening for transferring distribution goods stored in the central first storage container into an initial section of at least one first conveying line and at least one second transfer chamber downstream of the central second storage container for transferring distribution goods stored in the central second storage container in an initial section of at least one second conveyor line; - At least one fan for subjecting the first and second conveyor lines with an air stream; - A plurality of decentralized first containers (40a) and decentralized second Behäl tern (40b) arranged in pairs, with a respective end cut into the decentralized first container (40a) of the pairs of decentralized first (40a) and decentralized second containers (40b) the first conveying line opens and a respective end section of the second conveying line opens into the decentralized second container (40b) of the pairs of decentralized first (40a) and decentralized second containers (40b); and - A plurality of decentralized first metering elements (41a), which are arranged downstream of a respective outlet opening of the decentralized first container (40a) and each have a decentralized first metering roller driven independently of one another in rotation, and a plurality of decentralized second metering elements (41b), which one respective outlet opening of the decentralized second container (40b) are arranged and each one independently of one another as well as un- depending on the decentralized first metering rollers of the decentralized first metering elements (41a) have rotationally driven decentralized second metering roller, wherein - A respective decentralized first metering element (41a) and a respective decentralized second metering element (41b) of a respective pair of a first decentralized container (40a) and a second decentralized container (40b) are assigned a group of distributing elements (8), and - A respective decentralized first metering element (40a) and a respective decentralized second metering element (40b) of a respective pair of a decentralized first container (40a) and a decentralized second container (40b) is arranged above the respective group of distribution elements (8), wherein both the by means of a respective decentralized first metering organ (41a) and the metered by means of a respective decentralized second metering organ (41b) Ver part good can be fed to the respective group of distribution members (8) due to gravity. 20. Distributor according to claim 19, characterized in that it also has a central first metering element (30) downstream of the first outlet opening of the central first storage container, with a rotationally driven central first metering roller (31) and at least one of the second outlet opening of the central one second storage container downstream, central second dosing organ (30) with a rotationally driven central second dosing roller (31), wherein the first transfer chamber is arranged after a first dosing outlet of the central first dosing element (30) and the second transfer chamber is a second dosing outlet of the central ralen second metering element (30) is arranged downstream. 21. Distributor according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that - a respective decentralized container (40) or a respective pair of a decentralized first container (40a) and a decentralized second container (40b) a decentralized additional container (40c) not connected to the at least one central storage container (1) with one of the latter The decentralized additional metering element (41c) arranged downstream of the outlet opening is assigned, the additional metering elements (41c) each having a decentralized additional metering roller that is rotationally driven both independently of one another and independently of the decentralized metering rollers (44) of the decentralized metering elements (41; 41a, 41b), - A respective decentralized additional dosing element (41c) and a respective decentralized dosing element (41) or a respective decentralized first dosing element (41a) and a decentralized second dosing element (41b) of a respective pair of a decentralized first container (40a) and a decentralized second container ( 40b) is assigned a group of distributing organs (8), and - a respective decentralized additional dosing element (41c) and a respective decentralized dosing element (41) or a respective decentralized first dosing element (41a) and a respective decentralized second dosing element (41b) of a respective pair of a decentralized first container (40a) and a decentralized second container ( 40b) is arranged above the respective group of distribution organs (8), with both the means of a respective decentralized additional dosing organs (41c) as well as that by means of a respective decentralized dosing element (41) or a respective decentralized first (41a) and second dosing element (41b) can be fed to the respective group of distributing elements (8) due to gravity. 22. A method for spreading material to be distributed, in particular in the form of seed drill and / or fertilizer, in particular by means of a pneumatic distributing machine according to one of claims 1 to 21, comprising the following steps: (A) storing the distribution material in at least one central storage container (1) with at least one outlet opening (29); (B) transferring the distribution material from the outlet opening (29) of the central storage container (1) in at least one transfer chamber (14); (C) applying a stream of air to the transfer chamber (14) and pneumatically transferring the distribution material from the transfer chamber (14) into an initial section of at least one conveying line (6); (d) pneumatic transfer of the distribution material to a plurality of decentralized containers (40), at the outlet opening of which a decentralized metering organ (41) each with a decentralized metering roller (44) driven independently of one another in rotation closes; and (e) Dosing the material to be distributed through controlled and / or regulated rotation of the decentralized metering rollers (44) independently of one another and transferring the dosed material to the decentralized metering elements (41) downstream distribution elements, characterized in that the dosed material to be distributed is transferred from a respective decentralized metering element (41) to a group of sub-elements arranged below the same Ver (8) due to gravity. 23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that the material to be distributed is transferred from the outlet opening (29) of the central storage container (1) to at least one downstream central metering element (30) with a rotationally driven central metering roller (31), after which the material to be distributed is metered by controlled and / or regulated rotation of the central metering roller (31) of the central metering element (30) and transferred into the transfer chamber (14) downstream of the central metering element (30).