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WO2021081713A1 - 转氨酶突变体及其应用 - Google Patents

转氨酶突变体及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021081713A1
WO2021081713A1 PCT/CN2019/113743 CN2019113743W WO2021081713A1 WO 2021081713 A1 WO2021081713 A1 WO 2021081713A1 CN 2019113743 W CN2019113743 W CN 2019113743W WO 2021081713 A1 WO2021081713 A1 WO 2021081713A1
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Prior art keywords
pet
group
transaminase
amino acid
acid sequence
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
洪浩
詹姆斯·盖吉
肖毅
马玉磊
张娜
焦学成
牟慧艳
程逸冰
曹姗
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Asymchem Laboratories Tianjin Co Ltd
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Asymchem Laboratories Tianjin Co Ltd
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Priority to US17/769,204 priority Critical patent/US12410413B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2019/113743 priority patent/WO2021081713A1/zh
Priority to EP19951177.5A priority patent/EP4053269A4/en
Publication of WO2021081713A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021081713A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
    • C12N9/1096—Transferases (2.) transferring nitrogenous groups (2.6)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P13/001—Amines; Imines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P41/00—Processes using enzymes or microorganisms to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture
    • C12P41/006—Processes using enzymes or microorganisms to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture by reactions involving C-N bonds, e.g. nitriles, amides, hydantoins, carbamates, lactames, transamination reactions, or keto group formation from racemic mixtures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Y—ENZYMES
    • C12Y206/00—Transferases transferring nitrogenous groups (2.6)
    • C12Y206/01—Transaminases (2.6.1)

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of biotechnology, in particular to a transaminase mutant and its application.
  • Chiral amine compounds are key intermediates in the synthesis of many chiral drugs. Many important neurological drugs, cardiovascular drugs, antihypertensive drugs, anti-infective drugs, etc. are synthesized using chiral amines as intermediates. At present, the synthesis of chiral amines is mainly achieved through chemical methods, such as asymmetric reduction Schiff base (Chiral amine synthesis: methods, developments and applications[M]. West Wales, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons. 2010), but there are reactions in the reaction The harsh conditions, the use of toxic transition metal catalysts, and low product stereoselectivity are insufficient.
  • Transaminase can catalyze the transfer of the amino group on the amino donor to the prochiral acceptor ketone to obtain chiral amine and by-product ketone. Because transaminase has the advantages of high selectivity, high conversion rate and mild reaction conditions, it is widely used in the synthesis of chiral amines. People have used enzymatic (Biocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Amines from Ketones Applied to Sitagliptin Manufacture[J].Science,2010,329(5989):305-309.) or chemical-enzymatic methods to prepare many important methods.
  • the invention patent application with application publication number CN108048419A discloses an omega-transaminase mutant F89Y+A417S derived from Chromobacterium violaceum, which can catalyze dihydroxy ketal compounds to obtain chiral ammonia products with higher selectivity. as follows:
  • the invention aims to provide a transaminase mutant and its application to improve the activity of the transaminase.
  • a transaminase mutant is provided.
  • the amino acid sequence of the transaminase mutant is an amino acid sequence obtained by mutating the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and the mutation includes at least one of the following mutation site combinations: T7C+S47C, Q78C+A330C, V137C+G313C, A217C +Y252C and L295C+C328C; or the amino acid sequence of the amino acid sequence of the transaminase mutant has a mutation site in the mutated amino acid sequence, and an amino acid sequence that has more than 80% homology with the mutated amino acid sequence.
  • the mutation includes T7C+S47C and at least one of the following mutation sites: Q78, A330, V137, G313, A217, Y252, L295, C328, F22, A33, V42, A57, F89, N151, S156, M166, Y168 , E171, K249, L283, S292, A299P, A334, F367, H369, V379, Q380, D396, F397, I400, C404, R405, F409, I414, R416, G419, S424, D436, R444, G457.
  • the mutation includes T7C+S47C and at least one of the following mutation sites: Q78C, V137C, G313C, F22P, A33V, A57V/Y, F89A/E/V, N151A/E/F/Q/S/V/W /Y, S156A/P/Q, M166A/D/E/F/G/K/S/W/Y, Y168A/E/I/M/S/V, E171A/T, K249F, L283K, S292A, A299P , A33C, A334L/W, F367G/Q, H369A, V379A/D/L/V, Q380L, D396G/P/Y, F397K/Q/S/Y, I400P, C404Q/V, R405F, F409A/C/H /M/Q/T/V, I414Q, R416A/D/F/M/P
  • the mutation includes at least one of the following mutation site combinations: T7C+S47C+D436A, T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L, T7C+S47C+N151W, and T7C+S47C+M166F.
  • the mutation includes at least one of the following mutation site combinations: T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L, T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379D, T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379A, T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379V, T7C+S47C +Q78C+A330C+Y89A, T7C+S47C+Q78C+A330C+Y89E, T7C+S47C+V137C+G313C+Y89V, T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+S156P, T7C+S47C+Q78C+A330C+SS156Q, T7C+ +K249F+I400P+S156A, T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F, T7C+S47C+H369A+C404V+M166A, T7C+S47C+H3
  • a DNA molecule is provided.
  • This DNA molecule encodes the aforementioned transaminase mutant.
  • a recombinant plasmid contains the above-mentioned DNA molecule.
  • the recombinant plasmids are pET-22a(+), pET-22b(+), pET-3a(+), pET-3d(+), pET-11a(+), pET-12a(+), pET- 14b(+), pET-15b(+), pET-16b(+), pET-17b(+), pET-19b(+), pET-20b(+), pET-21a(+), pET-23a (+), pET-23b(+), pET-24a(+), pET-25b(+), pET-26b(+), pET-27b(+), pET-28a(+), pET-29a( +), pET-30a(+), pET-31b(+), pET-32a(+), pET-35b(+), pET-38b(+), pET-39b(+), pET-40b(+ ), pET-41
  • a host cell contains the aforementioned recombinant plasmid.
  • the host cells include prokaryotic cells, yeast or eukaryotic cells; preferably, the prokaryotic cells are E. coli BL21-DE3 cells or E. coli Rosetta-DE3 cells.
  • a method for producing chiral amines includes the step of catalyzing the transamination reaction of the ketone compound and the amino donor by the transaminase, and the transaminase is any of the above-mentioned mutants of the transaminase.
  • the ketone compound is The product of the transamination reaction is
  • R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an optionally substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, an optionally substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, or an optionally substituted or unsubstituted aryl group;
  • R 1 and R 2 It can be singly or combined with each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring;
  • the ketone compound is a dihydroxy ketal compound, and the reaction is generate
  • the transamination reaction preferably, R 1 and R 2 are an optionally substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, or an optionally substituted or unsubstituted
  • the substituted aryl group is more preferably an optionally substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted or unsubsti
  • R 1 represents a methyl group or a halogen-substituted methyl group, more preferably, a halogen-substituted methyl group is CF 3 , CF 2 H, CCl 3 , CCl 2 H, CBr 3 or CBr 2 H, more preferably , Is CF 3 or CF 2 H; preferably, the ketone compound is
  • amino donor is isopropylamine or alanine, preferably isopropylamine.
  • the pH is 7-11, preferably 8-10, and more preferably 9-10; preferably, the transaminase reacts to the ketone compound
  • the temperature of the reaction system for catalyzing the transamination reaction with the amino donor is 25°C to 60°C, more preferably 30 to 55°C, and even more preferably 40 to 50°C; preferably, the transaminase performs the reaction on the ketone compound and the amino donor
  • the volume concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide in the reaction system for the catalytic transamination reaction is 0%-50%, more preferably 0%-20%.
  • the above-mentioned transaminase mutant of the present invention is based on the ⁇ -transaminase mutant F89Y+A417S derived from Chromobacterium violaceum shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and is mutated by means of site-directed mutagenesis, thereby changing its amino acid sequence and realizing protein
  • the change in structure and function reduces the amount of enzyme, increases the ee value of the product, reduces the difficulty of post-processing, and makes it suitable for industrial production.
  • the activity of wild enzyme is lower, and the amount of enzyme used is larger.
  • the present invention uses directed evolution to transform wild enzymes into proteins, improves enzyme activity and stereoselectivity, and develops transaminase that can be used in industrial production.
  • the inventors used the method of directed evolution to evolve the mutant SEQ ID NO:1 of the omega-transaminase derived from Chromobacterium violaceum (application publication number CN108048419A), which increased enzyme activity and reduced enzyme usage while further improving enzyme The stereoselectivity.
  • the ⁇ -transaminase mutant F89Y+A417S (SEQ ID NO:1) derived from Chromobacterium violaceum is used as a template (in the present invention, "F89Y” is taken as an example, which means "original amino acid + site + mutant "Amino acid", that is, F at position 89 is changed to Y).
  • F89Y is taken as an example, which means "original amino acid + site + mutant "Amino acid”, that is, F at position 89 is changed to Y.
  • 10 pairs of site-directed mutagenesis primers were designed, and 5 pairs of double-point combination mutations (T7C+S47C, Q78C+A330C, V137C+G313C, A217C+Y252C, L295C) were constructed. +C328C) to improve the reactivity of the enzyme under high temperature conditions.
  • pET-22b(+) was used as an expression vector to obtain a mutant plasmid with the target gene.
  • Site-directed mutagenesis refers to the introduction of desired changes (usually to characterize changes in a favorable direction) into the target DNA fragment (either genome or plasmid) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other methods, including the addition of bases , Deletion, point mutation, etc. Site-directed mutagenesis can quickly and efficiently improve the traits and characterization of the target protein expressed by DNA, which is a very useful method in gene research.
  • the method of introducing site-directed mutations using whole-plasmid PCR is simple and effective, and is currently a more commonly used method.
  • the principle is that a pair of primers (forward and reverse) containing mutation sites are annealed to the template plasmid and then "circularly extended" with polymerase.
  • the so-called cyclic extension means that the polymerase extends the primers according to the template, and then returns to the template.
  • the 5'end of the primer is terminated, and then it undergoes repeated heating and annealing extension cycles. This reaction is different from rolling circle amplification and does not form multiple tandem copies.
  • the extension products of the forward and reverse primers are annealed and matched to form a nicked open-circle plasmid.
  • the template DNA derived from the dam+ strain can be recognized and cut by DpnI enzyme because of its methylation sites, while the plasmids with mutant sequences synthesized in vitro are not digested because they are not methylated. They can be nicked after being transformed into E. coli. After being repaired naturally, a clone with a mutant plasmid can be obtained.
  • the mutant plasmid was transformed into E. coli competent cells, spread on a petri dish containing LB solid medium (100 ⁇ g/mL ampicillin), and cultured overnight at 37°C. Activate the single clones grown on the solid medium. After the sequence identification was correct, the expression of transaminase was induced overnight at 25°C, 0.2mM IPTG. Then, the crude enzyme solution is obtained by centrifugation and ultrasonication to break the cells, which is used for the detection of reaction characteristics.
  • Designed 31 pairs of saturation mutation primers (F22, A33, V42, A57, F89, N151, S156, M166, Y168, E171, K249, L283, S292, A299, A334, F367, H369, V379&Q380L, D396, F397, I400, C404, R405, F409, I414, R416, G419, S424, D436, R444, G457) to obtain mutants with greatly improved activity.
  • saturation mutation is a method to obtain mutants in which the target amino acids are replaced by 19 other amino acids in a short time by modifying the coding gene of the target protein.
  • This method is not only a powerful tool for directed modification of proteins, but also an important method for the study of protein structure-function relationships.
  • Saturation mutations can often obtain more ideal evolutionary bodies than single point mutations. For these problems that the site-directed mutation method cannot solve, it is precisely the unique point that the saturation mutation method is good at.
  • mutants with increased activity obtained by saturation mutation beneficial amino acid sites can be combined to obtain mutants with better traits.
  • the method for constructing double-point mutations in combinatorial mutations is the same as that for single-point mutations, using the whole plasmid PCR method. Simultaneously mutate two or more sites of multiple-point mutations by using overlap extension PCR amplification to obtain a mutated gene containing multiple-point mutations. After the two ends are digested with restriction enzymes, they are ligated to the expression vector and transformed into The Escherichia coli cells were spread on an LB culture dish containing 100 ⁇ g/mL ampicillin and cultured overnight at 37° C. to obtain combined mutants, which were identified by sequencing.
  • Overlapping extension PCR technology (gene splicing by overlap extension PCR, referred to as SOEPCR) uses primers with complementary ends to make PCR products form overlapping strands, so that in the subsequent amplification reaction, the overlapping strands are extended to expand different sources of primers.
  • the augmented fragments are overlapped and spliced.
  • This technology uses PCR technology to carry out effective gene recombination in vitro, and is often used in the construction of multiple point mutations.
  • a transaminase mutant is provided.
  • the amino acid sequence of the transaminase mutant is SEQ ID NO: amino acid sequence mutants obtained (MQKQRTTSQWRELDAAHHLHPFTDTASLNQAGARVMTRGEGVYLWDSEGNKIIDGMAGLWCVNVGYGRKDFAEAARRQMEELPFYNTFYKTTHPAVVELSSLLAEVTPAGFDRVFYTNSGSESVDTMIRMVRRYWDVQGKPEKKTLIGRWNGYHGSTIGGASLGGMKYMHEQGDLPIPGMAHIEQPWWYKHGKDMTPDEFGVVAARWLEEKILEIGADKVAAFVGEPIQGAGGVIVPPATYWPEIERICRKYDVLLVADEVICGFGRTGEWFGHQHFGFQPDLFTAAKGLSSGYLPIGAVFVGKRVAEGLIAGGDFNHGFTYSGHPVCAAVAHANVAALRDEGIVQRVKDDIGPYMQK
  • the above-mentioned transaminase mutant of the present invention is based on the ⁇ -transaminase mutant F89Y+A417S derived from Chromobacterium violaceum shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and is mutated by means of site-directed mutagenesis, thereby changing its amino acid sequence and realizing protein
  • the change in structure and function reduces the amount of enzyme, increases the ee value of the product, reduces the difficulty of post-processing, and makes it suitable for industrial production.
  • the term "homology" used herein has the meaning generally known in the art, and those skilled in the art are also familiar with the rules and standards for determining the homology between different sequences.
  • the sequence defined by the present invention with different degrees of homology must also have an increase in transaminase activity.
  • it is preferable that the amino acid sequence of the aminotransferase mutant has the above homology and has or encodes an amino acid sequence with increased activity. Those skilled in the art can obtain such variant sequences under the teaching of the disclosure of this application.
  • the mutation includes T7C+S47C and at least one of the following mutation sites: Q78, A330, V137, G313, A217, Y252, L295, C328, F22, A33, V42, A57, F89, N151, S156, M166, Y168 , E171, K249, L283, S292, A299P, A334, F367, H369, V379, Q380, D396, F397, I400, C404, R405, F409, I414, R416, G419, S424, D436, R444, G457.
  • the mutation includes T7C+S47C and at least one of the following mutation sites: Q78C, V137C, G313C, F22P, A33V, A57V/Y, F89A/E/V, N151A/E/F/Q/S/V/ W/Y, S156A/P/Q, M166A/D/E/F/G/K/S/W/Y, Y168A/E/I/M/S/V, E171A/T, K249F, L283K, S292A, A299, A33C, A334L/W, F367G/Q, H369A, V379A/D/L/V, Q380L, D396G/P/Y, F397K/Q/S/Y, I400P, C404Q/V, R405F, F409A/C/ H/M/Q/T/V, I414Q, R416A/D/F/M/P/Q
  • the mutations include at least one of the following mutation site combinations: T7C+S47C+S292A, T7C+S47C+D436A, T7C+S47C+D396G, T7C+S47C+Q380L, T7C+S47C+A299P, T7C+S47C+ F397Y, T7C+S47C+S424A, T7C+S47C+V379L, T7C+S47C+M166F, T7C+S47C+M166A, T7C+S47C+R405F T7C+S47C+R416V, T7C+S47C+R416D, T7C+A, T7C+ +S47C+N151W, T7C+S47C+C404Q+R405F, T7C+S47C+Q78C+A330C, T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L, T7C
  • the mutations include at least one of the following mutation site combinations: T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L, T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379D, T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379A, T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379V, T7C+ S47C+Q78C+A330C+Y89A, T7C+S47C+Q78C+A330C+Y89E, T7C+S47C+V137C+G313C+Y89V, T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+S156P, T7C+S47C+Q78C+A330C+S156Q, S47C+K249F+I400P+S156A, T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F, T7C+S47C+H369A+C404V+M166A, T7C+S47C+S47C
  • a DNA molecule is provided.
  • This DNA molecule encodes the aforementioned transaminase mutant.
  • the transaminase mutant encoded by the DNA molecule has high soluble expression characteristics and high activity characteristics.
  • DNA molecules of the present invention may also exist in the form of "expression cassettes".
  • "Expression cassette” refers to a linear or circular nucleic acid molecule, covering DNA and RNA sequences that can direct the expression of a specific nucleotide sequence in an appropriate host cell. Generally speaking, it includes a promoter operatively linked to the target nucleotide, which is optionally operatively linked to a termination signal and/or other regulatory elements.
  • the expression cassette may also include sequences required for proper translation of the nucleotide sequence.
  • the coding region usually encodes the target protein, but also encodes the target functional RNA in the sense or antisense direction, such as antisense RNA or untranslated RNA.
  • the expression cassette containing the target polynucleotide sequence may be chimeric, meaning that at least one of its components is heterologous to at least one of the other components.
  • the expression cassette may also be naturally occurring, but obtained by efficient recombination for heterologous expression.
  • a recombinant plasmid is provided.
  • the recombinant plasmid contains any of the above-mentioned DNA molecules.
  • the DNA molecule in the recombinant plasmid is placed in an appropriate position of the recombinant plasmid, so that the DNA molecule can be replicated, transcribed or expressed correctly and smoothly.
  • plasmid used in the present invention includes any plasmid, cosmid, phage or Agrobacterium binary nucleic acid molecule in double-stranded or single-stranded linear or circular form. It is preferably a recombinant expression plasmid, which can be a prokaryotic expression plasmid or a prokaryotic expression plasmid. It can be a eukaryotic expression plasmid, but preferably a prokaryotic expression plasmid.
  • the recombinant plasmid is selected from pET-22a(+), pET-22b(+), pET-3a(+), pET-3d(+) ), pET-11a(+), pET-12a(+), pET-14b(+), pET-15b(+), pET-16b(+), pET-17b(+), pET-19b(+) , PET-20b(+), pET-21a(+), pET-23a(+), pET-23b(+), pET-24a(+), pET-25b(+), pET-26b(+), pET-27b(+), pET-28a(+), pET-29a(+), pET-30a(+), pET-31b(+), pET-32a(+), pET-35b(+), pET -38b(+), pET-39b(+), pET-40b(+
  • a host cell is provided, and the host cell contains any of the aforementioned recombinant plasmids.
  • Host cells suitable for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, prokaryotic cells, yeast, or eukaryotic cells.
  • the prokaryotic cells are eubacteria, such as gram-negative bacteria or gram-positive bacteria. More preferably, the prokaryotic cells are E. coli BL21 cells or E. coli DH5 ⁇ competent cells.
  • a method for producing a chiral amine includes the step of catalyzing the transamination reaction of the ketone compound and the amino donor by the transaminase, and the transaminase is any of the above-mentioned organic solvent-resistant transaminase mutants. Since the transaminase mutant of the present invention has good catalytic activity and specificity, the chiral amine prepared by the transaminase mutant of the present invention can increase the reaction rate, reduce the amount of enzyme, and reduce the difficulty of post-processing.
  • the ketone compound is The product of the transamination reaction is
  • R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an optionally substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, an optionally substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, or an optionally substituted or unsubstituted aryl group;
  • R 1 and R 2 It can be singly or combined with each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring;
  • the ketone compound is a dihydroxy ketal compound, and the reaction is generate The transamination reaction;
  • R 1 and R 2 are an optionally substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, or an optionally substituted or unsubstituted aryl group , More preferably an optionally substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, or an optionally substituted or unsubstituted aryl group;
  • substitution refers to substitution by a halogen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a carboxyl group, a carboxymethyl group, a carboxyethyl group or a methylenedioxy group.
  • R 1 represents a methyl group or a halogen-substituted methyl group. More preferably, the halogen-substituted methyl group is CF 3 , CF 2 H, CCl 3 , CCl 2 H, CBr 3 or CBr 2 H, and more preferably , Is CF 3 or CF 2 H.
  • the ketone compound is a dihydroxy ketal compound
  • the transamination reaction formula is one of the following:
  • TA is transaminase and PLP is pyridoxal phosphate.
  • the amino donor is isopropylamine or alanine, preferably isopropylamine.
  • the pH is 7-11, preferably 8-10, more preferably 9-10, that is to say, the pH can be selected. It can optionally be a value from 7 to 11, such as 7, 7.5, 8, 8, 8.6, 9, 10, 10.5, and the like.
  • the temperature of the reaction system in which the transaminase catalyzes the transamination reaction of ketone compounds and amino donors is 25-60°C, more preferably 30-55°C, still more preferably 40-50°C, that is to say, the temperature can be any value.
  • the volume concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide in the reaction system where the transaminase catalyzes the transamination reaction of ketone compounds and amino donors is 0%-50%, for example, 10%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35. %, 38%, 40%, 42%, 48%, 49%, etc.
  • the multiple of activity increase is expressed by +, + means 5-10 times increase, ++ means 10-20 times increase, +++ means 20-50 times increase, ++++ means 50-100 times increase, ++++ + Means an increase of more than 100 times; * means ee value is 95%-98%, ** means ee value>98%.
  • the multiple of activity increase is expressed by +, + means 5-10 times increase, ++ means 10-20 times increase, +++ means 20-50 times increase, ++++ means 50-100 times increase, ++++ + Means an increase of more than 100 times; * means ee value is 95%-98%, ** means ee value>98%.
  • the multiple of activity increase is expressed by +, + means 5-10 times increase, ++ means 10-20 times increase, +++ means 20-50 times increase, ++++ means 50-100 times increase, ++++ + Means an increase of more than 100 times; * means ee value is 95%-98%, ** means ee value>98%.
  • the aminotransferase mutant of the present invention has improved enzyme activity, can reduce the amount of enzyme used during use, and solve the problem of wild-type aminotransferase. Suitable for technical problems of industrialized production.

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Abstract

一种转氨酶突变体及其应用。其中，该转氨酶突变体的氨基酸序列是由SEQ ID NO：1所示的氨基酸序列发生突变得到的氨基酸序列，突变至少包括如下突变位点组合之一：T7C+S47C、Q78C+A330C、V137C+G313C、A217C+Y252C和L295C+C328C；或者转氨酶突变体的氨基酸序列具有发生突变的氨基酸序列中的突变位点，且与发生突变的氨基酸序列具有80％以上同源性的氨基酸序列。所述转氨酶突变体实现蛋白质结构和功能的改变，减少了酶用量，提高了产物的ee值，降低了后处理的难度，使得其能够适合工业化生产。

Description

转氨酶突变体及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种转氨酶突变体及其应用。
背景技术
手性胺类化合物是合成许多手性药物的关键中间体。有许多重要的神经类药物、心血管药物、抗高血压药物、抗感染药物等都是以手性胺作为中间体来进行合成的。目前，手性胺的合成主要通过化学法实现，例如不对称还原Schiff碱(Chiral amine synthesis:methods,developments and applications[M].West Sussex,United Kingdom:John Wiley&Sons.2010)，但是反应中存在反应条件苛刻、使用有毒的过渡态金属催化剂、产品立体选择性低等不足。
转氨酶能够催化氨基供体上的氨基转移到前手性的受体酮，得到手性胺和副产物酮。由于转氨酶具有高选择性、高转化率及温和的反应条件等优点，被广泛应用于手性胺的合成中。人们已经采用酶法(Biocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Amines from Ketones Applied to Sitagliptin Manufacture[J].Science,2010,329(5989):305-309.)或化学-酶法结合的手段制备得到了许多重要的手性胺(Chemoenzymatic asymmetric total synthesis of(S)-Rivastigmine using omega-transaminases[J].Cheminform,2010,46(30):5500-5502)。但在工业化应用生产时，大多数的野生转氨酶存在催化效率低、立体选择性差、稳定性弱等缺点，使得真正能够被应用的转氨酶并不多。
申请公布号为CN108048419A的发明专利申请公开了一种来源于Chromobacterium violaceum的ω-转氨酶突变体F89Y+A417S，该突变体可以较高选择性的催化二羟基缩酮类化合物得到手性氨产品，反应如下：
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000001
但是其活性较低，反应时添加的酶量较多。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种转氨酶突变体及其应用，以提高转氨酶的活性。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种转氨酶突变体。该转氨酶突变体的氨基酸序列是由SEQ ID NO：1所示的氨基酸序列发生突变得到的氨基酸序列，突变至少包括如下突变位点组合之一：T7C+S47C、Q78C+A330C、V137C+G313C、A217C+Y252C和L295C+C328C；或者转氨酶突变体的氨基酸序列具有发生突变的氨基酸序列中的突变位点，且与发生突变的氨基酸序列具有80％以上同源性的氨基酸序列。
进一步地，突变包括T7C+S47C和至少如下突变位点之一：Q78、A330、V137、G313、A217、Y252、L295、C328、F22、A33、V42、A57、F89、N151、S156、M166、Y168、E171、K249、L283、S292、A299P、A334、F367、H369、V379、Q380、D396、F397、I400、C404、R405、F409、I414、R416、G419、S424、D436、R444、G457。
进一步地，突变包括T7C+S47C和至少如下突变位点之一：Q78C、V137C、G313C、F22P、A33V、A57V/Y、F89A/E/V、N151A/E/F/Q/S/V/W/Y、S156A/P/Q、M166A/D/E/F/G/K/S/W/Y、Y168A/E/I/M/S/V、E171A/T、K249F、L283K、S292A、A299P、A33C、A334L/W、F367G/Q、H369A、V379A/D/L/V、Q380L、D396G/P/Y、F397K/Q/S/Y、I400P、C404Q/V、R405F、F409A/C/H/M/Q/T/V、I414Q、R416A/D/F/M/P/Q/S/T/V、G419W、S424A/C/Q/L/V、D436V/A、R444A/P/Y和G457C/P/W。
进一步地，突变至少还包括如下突变位点组合之一：T7C+S47C+D436A、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L、T7C+S47C+N151W和T7C+S47C+M166F。
进一步地，突变至少还包括如下突变位点组合之一：T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379D、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379A、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379V、T7C+S47C+Q78C+A330C+Y89A、T7C+S47C+Q78C+A330C+Y89E、T7C+S47C+V137C+G313C+Y89V、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+S156P、T7C+S47C+Q78C+A330C+S156Q、T7C+S47C+K249F+I400P+S156A、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F、T7C+S47C+H369A+C404V+M166A、T7C+S47C+H369A+F22P+M166V、T7C+S47C+H369A+L283K+M166S、T7C+S47C+A33V+A57Y+M166Y、T7C+S47C+A33V+A57V+M166G、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+S424A、T7C+S47C+A33V+A57V+M166Y+S424G、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+F397K+S424L、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416T、T7C+S47C+S292A+A299P+M166K+R416T、T7C+S47C+S292A+A299P+M166F+R416P、T7C+S47C+S292A+A299P+M166F+R416D、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+Y168I、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+Y168M、T7C+S47C+S292A+A299P+M166E+Y168A、T7C+S47C+A334L+F367G+M166S+Y168V、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+N151Q、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+N151W、T7C+S47C+A334W+F367Q+M166F+N151S、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+N151Y、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416P、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+I414Q、T7C+S47C+D436A+R457W+M166F+R416D+R444A、T7C+S47C+ D436A+R444P+M166S+R416F+D436V、T7C+S47C+D436A+R444Y+M166S+R416F+G419W、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151F、T7C+S47C+D436A+R457C+M166E+R416Q+N151A、T7C+S47C+D436A+R457P+M166W+R416F+N151V、T7C+S47C+D436A+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151E、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+Y168E、T7C+S47C+D396Y+F397Q+M166F+R416D+Y168M、T7C+S47C+D396P+F397S+M166G+R416S+Y168S、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+Y168A、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+Y168M、T7C+S47C+D396G+F397Y+M166F+R416D+N151W+Y168A、T7C+S47C+D396G+F397Y+M166D+R416F+N151W+Y168S、T7C+S47C+D396G+F397Y+M166D+R416D+N151W+Y168E、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+S424C、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+S424A、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+S424V、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409Q、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409V、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409H、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409M、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409T、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409A、T7C+S47C+D396G+F397Y+M166A+R416V+N151W+F409M、T7C+S47C+D396G+F397Y+M166A+R416V+N151W+F409T、T7C+S47C+D396G+F397Y+M166A+R416V+N151W+F409A、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+S424V+F409C、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+S424A+F409Q、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+S424A+F409C、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409H+E171T、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409H+E171A、T7C+S47C+C404Q+R405F+M166S+R416D+N151W+S424V+F409C、T7C+S47C+C404Q+R405F+M166E+R416M+N151W+S424A+F409Q、T7C+S47C+C404Q+R405F+M166S+R416A+N151W+S424A+F409C、T7C+S47C+C404Q+R405F+M166T+R416A+N151W+F409H+E171T、和T7C+S47C+C404Q+R405F+M166Y+R416A+N151W+F409H+E171A。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供一种DNA分子。该DNA分子编码上述转氨酶突变体。
根据本发明的再一个方面，提供一种重组质粒。该重组质粒含有上述DNA分子。
进一步地，重组质粒为pET-22a(+)、pET-22b(+)、pET-3a(+)、pET-3d(+)、pET-11a(+)、pET-12a(+)、pET-14b(+)、pET-15b(+)、pET-16b(+)、pET-17b(+)、pET-19b(+)、pET-20b(+)、pET-21a(+)、pET-23a(+)、pET-23b(+)、pET-24a(+)、pET-25b(+)、pET-26b(+)、pET-27b(+)、pET-28a(+)、pET-29a(+)、pET-30a(+)、pET-31b(+)、pET-32a(+)、pET-35b(+)、pET-38b(+)、pET-39b(+)、pET-40b(+)、pET-41a(+)、pET-41b(+)、pET-42a(+)、pET-43a(+)、pET-43b(+)、pET-44a(+)、pET-49b(+)、pQE2、pQE9、pQE30、pQE31、pQE32、pQE40、pQE70、pQE80、pRSET-A、pRSET-B、pRSET-C、pGEX-5X-1、pGEX-6p-1、pGEX-6p-2、pBV220、pBV221、pBV222、pTrc99A、pTwin1、pEZZ18、pKK232-18、pUC-18或pUC-19。
根据本发明的又一个方面，提供一种宿主细胞。该宿主细胞含有上述重组质粒。
进一步地，宿主细胞包括原核细胞、酵母或真核细胞；优选原核细胞为大肠杆菌BL21-DE3细胞或大肠杆菌Rosetta-DE3细胞。
根据本发明的再一个方面，提供一种生产手性胺的方法。该方法包括转氨酶对酮类化合物及氨基供体进行催化转氨基反应的步骤，转氨酶为上述任一种转氨酶突变体。
进一步地，酮类化合物为
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000002
转氨基反应产物为
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000003
其中，R 1和R 2分别独立的表示任选取代或未被取代的烷基、任选取代或未被取代的芳烷基、或任选取代或未被取代的芳基；R 1和R 2可单独或两者互相结合形成取代或未被取代的环；优选的，酮类化合物为二羟基缩酮类化合物，反应为
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000004
生成
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000005
的转氨反应；优选的，R 1和R 2为碳原子数1～20的任选取代或未被取代的烷基、任选取代或未被取代的芳烷基、或任选取代或未被取代的芳基，更优选的为碳原子数1～10的任选取代或未被取代的烷基、任选取代或未被取代的芳烷基、或任选取代或未被取代的芳基；优选的，取代是指被卤素原子、氮原子、硫原子、羟基、硝基、氰基、甲氧基、乙氧基、羧基、羧甲基、羧乙基或亚甲二氧基取代；优选的，R 1表示为甲基或卤素取代的甲基，更优选的，卤素取代的甲基为CF 3，CF 2H，CCl 3，CCl 2H，CBr 3或CBr 2H，进一步优选的，为CF 3或CF 2H；优选的，酮类化合物为
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000006
进一步地，氨基供体为异丙胺或丙氨酸，优选为异丙胺。
进一步地，在转氨酶对酮类化合物及氨基供体进行催化转氨基反应的反应体系中，pH为7～11，优选为8～10，更优选为9～10；优选的，转氨酶对酮类化合物及氨基供体进行催化转氨基反应的反应体系的温度为25℃～60℃，更优选为30～55℃，进一步优选为40～50℃；优选的，转氨酶对酮类化合物及氨基供体进行催化转氨基反应的反应体系中二甲基亚砜体积浓度为0％～50％，更优选为0％～20％。
本发明的上述转氨酶突变体是在SEQ ID NO：1所示的来源于Chromobacterium violaceum的ω-转氨酶突变体F89Y+A417S的基础上，通过定点突变的方法进行突变，从而改变其氨基酸序列，实现蛋白质结构和功能的改变，减少了酶用量，提高了产物的ee值，降低了后处理的难度，使得其能够适合工业化生产。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
野生酶的活性较低，酶使用量较大。为了解决上述问题，本发明通过定向进化的手段对野生酶进行蛋白质改造，提高酶的活性和立体选择性，开发出可用于工业化生产的转氨酶。
发明人通过定向进化的方法对来源于Chromobacterium violaceum的ω-转氨酶的突变体SEQ ID NO:1(申请公布号为CN108048419A)进行进化，提高酶活、降低酶使用量的同时，又进一步提高了酶的立体选择性。
具体的，以来源于Chromobacterium violaceum的ω-转氨酶突变体F89Y+A417S(SEQ ID NO:1)为模板(在本发明中，以“F89Y”为例，表示“原氨基酸+位点+突变后的氨基酸”，即第89位的F为变为Y)，首先设计了10对定点突变引物，构建了5对双点组合突变(T7C+S47C，Q78C+A330C，V137C+G313C，A217C+Y252C，L295C+C328C)来提高酶在高温条件下的反应活性。利用定点突变手段，以pET-22b(+)为表达载体，获得带有目的基因的突变质粒。
定点突变：是指通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)等方法向目的DNA片段(可以是基因组，也可以是质粒)中引入所需变化(通常是表征有利方向的变化)，包括碱基的添加、删除、点突变等。定点突变能迅速、高效的提高DNA所表达的目的蛋白的性状及表征，是基因研究工作中一种非常有用的手段。
利用全质粒PCR引入定点突变的方法简单有效，是目前使用比较多的手段。其原理是，一对包含突变位点的引物(正、反向)，和模板质粒退火后用聚合酶“循环延伸”，所谓的循环延伸是指聚合酶按照模版延伸引物，一圈后回到引物5’端终止，再经过反复加热退火延伸的循环，这个反应区别于滚环扩增，不会形成多个串联拷贝。正反向引物的延伸产物退 火后配对成为带缺刻的开环质粒。来源于dam+菌株的模版DNA由于带有甲基化位点，可被DpnI酶识别切割，而体外合成的带突变序列的质粒由于没有甲基化而不被消化，在转化入大肠杆菌后缺刻可被自然修复，即可得到带有突变质粒的克隆。将突变质粒转化至大肠杆菌感受态细胞内，涂布于含有LB固体培养基(100μg/mL氨苄青霉素)的培养皿中，37℃过夜培养。对固体培养基上长出的单克隆进行活化。测序鉴定正确后，在25℃，0.2mM IPTG的条件下，过夜诱导转氨酶的表达。然后通过离心、超声破碎细胞的方法获得粗酶液，用于反应特性检测。
通过采用计算机对转氨酶和底物的三维结构进行对接模拟分析，在酶催化中心附近选择一些氨基酸，可能与酶活有很大关系。在构建的双点突变的基础上，对这些可能有影响的氨基酸位点进行饱和突变。设计了31对饱和突变引物(F22，A33，V42，A57，F89，N151，S156，M166，Y168，E171，K249，L283，S292，A299，A334，F367，H369，V379&Q380L，D396，F397，I400，C404，R405，F409，I414，R416，G419，S424，D436，R444，G457)，以获得活性大幅度提高的突变体。
其中，饱和突变是通过对目的蛋白的编码基因进行改造，短时间内获取靶位点氨基酸分别被其它19种氨基酸替代的突变体的一种方法。此方法不仅是蛋白质定向改造的强有力工具，而且是蛋白质结构－功能关系研究的重要手段。饱和突变往往能获得比单点突变更为理想的进化体。而对于定点突变方法不能解决的这些问题，恰恰是饱和突变方法所擅长的独特之处。
在饱和突变获得活性提高的突变体基础上，可对有益的氨基酸位点进行组合，以获得性状更优的突变体。组合突变中双点突变的构建方法和单点突变的构建方法一样，采用全质粒PCR法构建。同时突变2个及以上位点的多点突变通过采用重叠延伸PCR扩增进行，获得含多点突变的突变基因，两端经限制性内切酶酶切后，连接到表达载体上，转化至大肠杆菌细胞内，涂布于含有100μg/mL氨苄青霉素的LB培养皿中，37℃培养过夜，获得组合突变体，测序鉴定。
重叠延伸PCR技术(gene splicing by overlap extension PCR，简称SOEPCR)是采用具有互补末端的引物，使PCR产物形成了重叠链，从而在随后的扩增反应中通过重叠链的延伸，将不同来源的扩增片段重叠拼接起来。此技术利用PCR技术能够在体外进行有效的基因重组，常常被用于多点突变的构建中。
根据本发明一种典型的实施方式，提供一种转氨酶突变体。该转氨酶突变体的氨基酸序列是由SEQ ID NO：1(MQKQRTTSQWRELDAAHHLHPFTDTASLNQAGARVMTRGEGVYLWDSEGNKIIDGMAGLWCVNVGYGRKDFAEAARRQMEELPFYNTFYKTTHPAVVELSSLLAEVTPAGFDRVFYTNSGSESVDTMIRMVRRYWDVQGKPEKKTLIGRWNGYHGSTIGGASLGGMKYMHEQGDLPIPGMAHIEQPWWYKHGKDMTPDEFGVVAARWLEEKILEIGADKVAAFVGEPIQGAGGVIVPPATYWPEIERICRKYDVLLVADEVICGFGRTGEWFGHQHFGFQPDLFTAAKGLSSGYLPIGAVFVGKRVAEGLIAGGDFNHGFTYSGHPVCAAVAHANVAALRDEGIVQRVKDDIGPYMQKRWRETFSRFEHVDDVRGVGMVQAFTLVKNKAKRELFPDFGEIGTLCRDI FFRNNLIMRSCGDHIVSAPPLVMTRAEVDEMLAVAERCLEEFEQTLKARGLA)所示的氨基酸序列发生突变得到的氨基酸序列，突变至少包括如下突变位点组合之一：T7C+S47C、Q78C+A330C、V137C+G313C、A217C+Y252C和L295C+C328C；或者转氨酶突变体的氨基酸序列具有发生突变的氨基酸序列中的突变位点，且与发生突变的氨基酸序列具有80％以上同源性的氨基酸序列。
本发明的上述转氨酶突变体是在SEQ ID NO：1所示的来源于Chromobacterium violaceum的ω-转氨酶突变体F89Y+A417S的基础上，通过定点突变的方法进行突变，从而改变其氨基酸序列，实现蛋白质结构和功能的改变，减少了酶用量，提高了产物的ee值，降低了后处理的难度，使得其能够适合工业化生产。
本文使用的术语“同源性”具有本领域通常已知的含义，本领域技术人员也熟知测定不同序列间同源性的规则、标准。本发明用不同程度同源性限定的序列还必须要同时具有转氨酶活性的提高。在上述实施方式中，优选转氨酶突变体的氨基酸序列具有以上的同源性并具有或编码具有活性提高的氨基酸序列。本领域技术人员可以在本申请公开内容的教导下获得这样的变体序列。
优选的，突变包括T7C+S47C和至少如下突变位点之一：Q78、A330、V137、G313、A217、Y252、L295、C328、F22、A33、V42、A57、F89、N151、S156、M166、Y168、E171、K249、L283、S292、A299P、A334、F367、H369、V379、Q380、D396、F397、I400、C404、R405、F409、I414、R416、G419、S424、D436、R444、G457。
更优选的，突变包括T7C+S47C和至少如下突变位点之一：Q78C、V137C、G313C、F22P、A33V、A57V/Y、F89A/E/V、N151A/E/F/Q/S/V/W/Y、S156A/P/Q、M166A/D/E/F/G/K/S/W/Y、Y168A/E/I/M/S/V、E171A/T、K249F、L283K、S292A、A299、A33C、A334L/W、F367G/Q、H369A、V379A/D/L/V、Q380L、D396G/P/Y、F397K/Q/S/Y、I400P、C404Q/V、R405F、F409A/C/H/M/Q/T/V、I414Q、R416A/D/F/M/P/Q/S/T/V、G419W、S424A/C/Q/L/V、D436V/A、R444A/P/Y和G457C/P/W。其中，“/”代表“或”。
更优选的，突变至少还包括如下突变位点组合之一：T7C+S47C+S292A、T7C+S47C+D436A、T7C+S47C+D396G、T7C+S47C+Q380L、T7C+S47C+A299P、T7C+S47C+F397Y、T7C+S47C+S424A、T7C+S47C+V379L、T7C+S47C+M166F、T7C+S47C+M166A、T7C+S47C+R405F T7C+S47C+R416V、T7C+S47C+R416D、T7C+S47C+R416A、T7C+S47C+N151W、T7C+S47C+C404Q+R405F、T7C+S47C+Q78C+A330C、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L、T7C+S47C+Q380L+R416D、T7C+S47C+V379L+N151W、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F、T7C+S47C+C404Q+R405F+M166F+R416A+N151W和T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W。
进一步优选的，突变至少还包括如下突变位点组合之一：T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L、 T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379D、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379A、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379V、T7C+S47C+Q78C+A330C+Y89A、T7C+S47C+Q78C+A330C+Y89E、T7C+S47C+V137C+G313C+Y89V、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+S156P、T7C+S47C+Q78C+A330C+S156Q、T7C+S47C+K249F+I400P+S156A、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F、T7C+S47C+H369A+C404V+M166A、T7C+S47C+H369A+F22P+M166V、T7C+S47C+H369A+L283K+M166S、T7C+S47C+A33V+A57Y+M166Y、T7C+S47C+A33V+A57V+M166G、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+S424A、T7C+S47C+A33V+A57V+M166Y+S424G、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+F397K+S424L、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416T、T7C+S47C+S292A+A299P+M166K+R416T、T7C+S47C+S292A+A299P+M166F+R416P、T7C+S47C+S292A+A299P+M166F+R416D、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+Y168I、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+Y168M、T7C+S47C+S292A+A299P+M166E+Y168A、T7C+S47C+A334L+F367G+M166S+Y168V、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+N151Q、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+N151W、T7C+S47C+A334W+F367Q+M166F+N151S、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+N151Y、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416P、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+I414Q、T7C+S47C+D436A+R457W+M166F+R416D+R444A、T7C+S47C+D436A+R444P+M166S+R416F+D436V、T7C+S47C+D436A+R444Y+M166S+R416F+G419W、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151F、T7C+S47C+D436A+R457C+M166E+R416Q+N151A、T7C+S47C+D436A+R457P+M166W+R416F+N151V、T7C+S47C+D436A+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151E、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+Y168E、T7C+S47C+D396Y+F397Q+M166F+R416D+Y168M、T7C+S47C+D396P+F397S+M166G+R416S+Y168S、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+Y168A、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+Y168M、T7C+S47C+D396G+F397Y+M166F+R416D+N151W+Y168A、T7C+S47C+D396G+F397Y+M166D+R416F+N151W+Y168S、T7C+S47C+D396G+F397Y+M166D+R416D+N151W+Y168E、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+S424C、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+S424A、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+S424V、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409Q、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409V、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409H、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409M、 T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409T、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409A、T7C+S47C+D396G+F397Y+M166A+R416V+N151W+F409M、T7C+S47C+D396G+F397Y+M166A+R416V+N151W+F409T、T7C+S47C+D396G+F397Y+M166A+R416V+N151W+F409A、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+S424V+F409C、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+S424A+F409Q、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+S424A+F409C、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409H+E171T、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409H+E171A、T7C+S47C+C404Q+R405F+M166S+R416D+N151W+S424V+F409C、T7C+S47C+C404Q+R405F+M166E+R416M+N151W+S424A+F409Q、T7C+S47C+C404Q+R405F+M166S+R416A+N151W+S424A+F409C、T7C+S47C+C404Q+R405F+M166T+R416A+N151W+F409H+E171T、和T7C+S47C+C404Q+R405F+M166Y+R416A+N151W+F409H+E171A。
根据本发明一种典型的实施方式，提供一种DNA分子。该DNA分子编码上述转氨酶突变体。该DNA分子编码的上述转氨酶突变体具有高可溶性表达特性以及高活力特性。
本发明的上述DNA分子还可以以“表达盒”的形式存在。“表达盒”是指线性或环状的核酸分子，涵盖了能够指导特定核苷酸序列在恰当宿主细胞中表达的DNA和RNA序列。一般而言，包括与目标核苷酸有效连接的启动子，其任选的是与终止信号和/或其他调控元件有效连接的。表达盒还可以包括核苷酸序列正确翻译所需的序列。编码区通常编码目标蛋白，但在正义或反义方向也编码目标功能RNA，例如反义RNA或非翻译的RNA。包含目标多核苷酸序列的表达盒可以是嵌合的，意指至少一个其组分与其至少一个其他组分是异源的。表达盒还可以是天然存在的，但以用于异源表达的有效重组形成获得的。
根据本发明一种典型的实施方式，提供一种重组质粒。该重组质粒含有上述任一种DNA分子。上述重组质粒中的DNA分子置于重组质粒的适当位置，使得上述DNA分子能够正确地、顺利地复制、转录或表达。
虽然本发明在限定上述DNA分子时所用限定语为“含有”，但其并不意味着可以在DNA序列的两端任意加入与其功能不相关的其他序列。本领域技术人员知晓，为了满足重组操作的要求，需要在DNA序列的两端添加合适的限制性内切酶的酶切位点，或者额外增加启动密码子、终止密码子等，因此，如果用封闭式的表述来限定将不能真实地覆盖这些情形。
本发明中所使用的术语“质粒”包括双链或单链线状或环状形式的任何质粒、粘粒、噬菌体或农杆菌二元核酸分子，优选为重组表达质粒，可以是原核表达质粒也可以是真核表达质粒，但优选原核表达质粒，在某些实施方案中，重组质粒选自pET-22a(+)、pET-22b(+)、pET-3a(+)、pET-3d(+)、pET-11a(+)、pET-12a(+)、pET-14b(+)、pET-15b(+)、 pET-16b(+)、pET-17b(+)、pET-19b(+)、pET-20b(+)、pET-21a(+)、pET-23a(+)、pET-23b(+)、pET-24a(+)、pET-25b(+)、pET-26b(+)、pET-27b(+)、pET-28a(+)、pET-29a(+)、pET-30a(+)、pET-31b(+)、pET-32a(+)、pET-35b(+)、pET-38b(+)、pET-39b(+)、pET-40b(+)、pET-41a(+)、pET-41b(+)、pET-42a(+)、pET-43a(+)、pET-43b(+)、pET-44a(+)、pET-49b(+)、pQE2、pQE9、pQE30、pQE31、pQE32、pQE40、pQE70、pQE80、pRSET-A、pRSET-B、pRSET-C、pGEX-5X-1、pGEX-6p-1、pGEX-6p-2、pBV220、pBV221、pBV222、pTrc99A、pTwin1、pEZZ18、pKK232-18、pUC-18或pUC-19。更优选，上述重组质粒是pET-22b(+)。
根据本发明一种典型的实施方式，提供一种宿主细胞，宿主细胞含有上述任一种重组质粒。适用于本发明的宿主细胞包括但不仅限于原核细胞、酵母或真核细胞。优选原核细胞为真细菌，例如革兰氏阴性菌或革兰氏阳性菌。更优选原核细胞为大肠杆菌BL21细胞或大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞。
根据本发明一种典型的实施方式，提供一种生产手性胺的方法。该方法包括转氨酶对酮类化合物及氨基供体进行催化转氨基反应的步骤，转氨酶为上述任一种耐有机溶剂的转氨酶突变体。由于本发明的上述转氨酶突变体具有很好的催化活性及特异性，因而利用本发明的转氨酶突变体制备的手性胺可以提高反应速率，减少酶用量，降低后处理的难度。
进一步地，酮类化合物为
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000007
转氨基反应产物为
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000008
其中，R 1和R 2分别独立的表示任选取代或未被取代的烷基、任选取代或未被取代的芳烷基、或任选取代或未被取代的芳基；R 1和R 2可单独或两者互相结合形成取代或未被取代的环；优选的，所述酮类化合物为二羟基缩酮类化合物，反应为
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000009
生成
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000010
的转氨反应；
优选的，R 1和R 2为碳原子数1～20的任选取代或未被取代的烷基、任选取代或未被取代的芳烷基、或任选取代或未被取代的芳基，更优选的为碳原子数1～10的任选取代或未被取代的烷基、任选取代或未被取代的芳烷基、或任选取代或未被取代的芳基；
优选的，取代是指被卤素原子、氮原子、硫原子、羟基、硝基、氰基、甲氧基、乙氧基、羧基、羧甲基、羧乙基或亚甲二氧基取代。
优选的，R 1表示为甲基或卤素取代的甲基，更优选的，卤素取代的甲基为CF 3，CF 2H，CCl 3，CCl 2H，CBr 3或CBr 2H，进一步优选的，为CF 3或CF 2H。
优选的，酮类化合物为二羟基缩酮类化合物，转氨基反应式为如下之一：
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000011
其中，TA为转氨酶，PLP为磷酸吡哆醛。
在本发明一种典型的实施方式中，氨基供体为异丙胺或丙氨酸，优选为异丙胺。
应用本发明的转氨酶对酮类化合物及氨基供体进行催化转氨基反应的反应体系中，pH为7～11，优选为8～10，更优选为9～10，也就是说pH的取值可以任选为7～11中的值，例如7、7.5、8、8、8.6、9、10、10.5等。转氨酶对酮类化合物及氨基供体进行催化转氨基反应的反应体系的温度为25～60℃，更优选为30～55℃，进一步优选为40～50℃，也就是说温度的取值可以任选为25～60℃中的值，例如30、31、32、35、37、38、39、40、42、45、48、50、51、52、55等。转氨酶对酮类化合物及氨基供体进行催化转氨基反应的反应体系中二甲基亚砜体积浓度为0％～50％，例如选10％、15％、18％、20％、30％、35％、38％、40％、42％、48％、49％等。
本领域技术人员公知，在不背离本发明精神的情况下，可以对本发明做出许多修改，这样的修改也落入本发明的范围。且下述实验方法如无特别说明，均为常规方法，所使用的实验材料如无特别说明，均可容易地从商业公司获取。
下面将结合实验数据及实施例进一步说明本发明的有益效果。
实施例1
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000012
10mg的底物1/底物2/底物3分别溶于30μL DMSO中，配制底物溶液。反应体系中依次加入转氨酶10mg，66.6μL异丙胺盐酸盐溶液(6M)，0.1mg PLP，0.1M的Tris-Cl buffer(pH 9.0)溶液补到总体积500μL，最后加入配好的底物溶液，调pH至9.0，200rpm，45℃恒温反应16h。向反应体系中加入2倍体积的乙腈，充分混匀，静置10min，12000rpm离心10min，取上清，稀释10倍后送液相测转化率。ee值检测方法：向反应体系中加入2倍体积的乙腈，充分混匀，静置10min，12000rpm离心10min，取上清，加入无水MgSO 4除水，12000rpm离心10min，取上清，用N 2吹干，加1mL甲醇，溶解后送液相检测。部分突变体反应特性如下表1：
表1
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000015
活性提高的倍数用+表示，+表示提高5-10倍，++表示提高10-20倍，+++表示提高20-50倍，++++表示提高50-100倍，+++++表示提高100倍以上；*表示ee值在95％-98％，**表示ee值＞98％。
实施例2
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000016
10mg的底物4/底物5分别溶于30μL DMSO中，配制底物溶液。反应体系中依次加入转氨酶10mg，66.6μL异丙胺盐酸盐溶液(6M)，0.1mg PLP，0.1M的Tris-Cl buffer(pH9.0)溶液补到总体积500μL，最后加入配好的底物溶液，调pH至9.0，200rpm，45℃恒温反应16h。向反应体系中加入2倍体积的乙腈，充分混匀，静置10min，12000rpm离心10min，取上清，稀释10倍后送液相测转化率。ee值检测方法：向反应体系中加入2倍体积的乙腈，充分混匀，静置10min，12000rpm离心10min，取上清，加入无水MgSO 4除水，12000rpm离心10min，取上清，用N 2吹干，加1mL甲醇，溶解后送液相检测。部分突变体 反应特性如下表2：
表2
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000018
活性提高的倍数用+表示，+表示提高5-10倍，++表示提高10-20倍，+++表示提高20-50 倍，++++表示提高50-100倍，+++++表示提高100倍以上；*表示ee值在95％-98％，**表示ee值＞98％。
实施例3
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000019
10mg的底物6/底物7/底物8分别溶于30μL DMSO中，配制底物溶液。反应体系中依次加入转氨酶10mg，66.6μL异丙胺盐酸盐溶液(6M)，0.1mg PLP，0.1M的Tris-Cl buffer(pH 9.0)溶液补到总体积500μL，最后加入配好的底物溶液，调pH至9.0，200rpm，45℃恒温反应16h。向反应体系中加入2倍体积的乙腈，充分混匀，静置10min，12000rpm离心10min，取上清，稀释10倍后送液相测转化率。ee值检测方法：向反应体系中加入2倍体积的乙腈，充分混匀，静置10min，12000rpm离心10min，取上清，加入无水MgSO 4除水，12000rpm离心10min，取上清，用N 2吹干，加1mL甲醇，溶解后送液相检测。部分突变体反应特性如下表3：
表3
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000020
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-000022
活性提高的倍数用+表示，+表示提高5-10倍，++表示提高10-20倍，+++表示提高20-50倍，++++表示提高50-100倍，+++++表示提高100倍以上；*表示ee值在95％-98％，**表示ee值＞98％。
从以上的描述中，可以看出，本发明上述的实施例实现了如下技术效果：本发明的转氨酶突变体，具有提高的酶活性，在使用时能够降低酶的使用量，解决野生型转氨酶不适合于工业化生产的技术问题。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种转氨酶突变体，其特征在于，所述转氨酶突变体的氨基酸序列是由SEQ ID NO：1所示的氨基酸序列发生突变得到的氨基酸序列，所述突变至少包括如下突变位点组合之一：T7C+S47C、Q78C+A330C、V137C+G313C、A217C+Y252C和L295C+C328C；或者所述转氨酶突变体的氨基酸序列具有所述发生突变的氨基酸序列中的所述突变位点，且与所述发生突变的氨基酸序列具有80％以上同源性的氨基酸序列。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的转氨酶突变体，其特征在于，所述突变包括T7C+S47C和至少如下突变位点之一：Q78、A330、V137、G313、A217、Y252、L295、C328、F22、A33、V42、A57、F89、N151、S156、M166、Y168、E171、K249、L283、S292、A299P、A334、F367、H369、V379、Q380、D396、F397、I400、C404、R405、F409、I414、R416、G419、S424、D436、R444、G457。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的转氨酶突变体，其特征在于，所述突变包括T7C+S47C和至少如下突变位点之一：Q78C、V137C、G313C、F22P、A33V、A57V/Y、F89A/E/V、N151A/E/F/Q/S/V/W/Y、S156A/P/Q、M166A/D/E/F/G/K/S/W/Y、Y168A/E/I/M/S/V、E171A/T、K249F、L283K、S292A、A299P、A33C、A334L/W、F367G/Q、H369A、V379A/D/L/V、Q380L、D396G/P/Y、F397K/Q/S/Y、I400P、C404Q/V、R405F、F409A/C/H/M/Q/T/V、I414Q、R416A/D/F/M/P/Q/S/T/V、G419W、S424A/C/Q/L/V、D436V/A、R444A/P/Y和G457C/P/W。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的转氨酶突变体，其特征在于，所述突变至少还包括如下突变位点组合之一：T7C+S47C+S292A、T7C+S47C+D436A、T7C+S47C+D396G、T7C+S47C+Q380L、T7C+S47C+A299P、T7C+S47C+F397Y、T7C+S47C+S424A、T7C+S47C+V379L、T7C+S47C+M166F、T7C+S47C+M166A、T7C+S47C+R405F T7C+S47C+R416V、T7C+S47C+R416D、T7C+S47C+R416A、T7C+S47C+N151W、T7C+S47C+C404Q+R405F、T7C+S47C+Q78C+A330C、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L、T7C+S47C+Q380L+R416D、T7C+S47C+V379L+N151W、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F、T7C+S47C+C404Q+R405F+M166F+R416A+N151W和T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的转氨酶突变体，其特征在于，所述突变至少还包括如下突变位点组合之一：T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379D、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379A、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379V、T7C+S47C+Q78C+A330C+Y89A、T7C+S47C+Q78C+A330C+Y89E、T7C+S47C+V137C+G313C+Y89V、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+S156P、T7C+S47C+Q78C+A330C+S156Q、T7C+S47C+K249F+I400P+S156A、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F、T7C+S47C+H369A+C404V+M166A、T7C+S47C+H369A+F22P+M166V、T7C+S47C+H369A+L283K+M166S、T7C+S47C+A33V+A57Y+M166Y、T7C+S47C+A33V+A57V+M166G、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+S424A、T7C+S47C+A33V+A57V+M166Y+S424G、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+F397K+S424L、 T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416T、T7C+S47C+S292A+A299P+M166K+R416T、T7C+S47C+S292A+A299P+M166F+R416P、T7C+S47C+S292A+A299P+M166F+R416D、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+Y168I、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+Y168M、T7C+S47C+S292A+A299P+M166E+Y168A、T7C+S47C+A334L+F367G+M166S+Y168V、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+N151Q、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+N151W、T7C+S47C+A334W+F367Q+M166F+N151S、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+N151Y、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416P、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+I414Q、T7C+S47C+D436A+R457W+M166F+R416D+R444A、T7C+S47C+D436A+R444P+M166S+R416F+D436V、T7C+S47C+D436A+R444Y+M166S+R416F+G419W、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151F、T7C+S47C+D436A+R457C+M166E+R416Q+N151A、T7C+S47C+D436A+R457P+M166W+R416F+N151V、T7C+S47C+D436A+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151E、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+Y168E、T7C+S47C+D396Y+F397Q+M166F+R416D+Y168M、T7C+S47C+D396P+F397S+M166G+R416S+Y168S、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+Y168A、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+Y168M、T7C+S47C+D396G+F397Y+M166F+R416D+N151W+Y168A、T7C+S47C+D396G+F397Y+M166D+R416F+N151W+Y168S、T7C+S47C+D396G+F397Y+M166D+R416D+N151W+Y168E、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+S424C、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+S424A、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+S424V、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409Q、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409V、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409H、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409M、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409T、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409A、T7C+S47C+D396G+F397Y+M166A+R416V+N151W+F409M、T7C+S47C+D396G+F397Y+M166A+R416V+N151W+F409T、T7C+S47C+D396G+F397Y+M166A+R416V+N151W+F409A、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+S424V+F409C、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+S424A+F409Q、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+S424A+F409C、 T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409H+E171T、T7C+S47C+Q380L+V379L+M166F+R416D+N151W+F409H+E171A、T7C+S47C+C404Q+R405F+M166S+R416D+N151W+S424V+F409C、T7C+S47C+C404Q+R405F+M166E+R416M+N151W+S424A+F409Q、T7C+S47C+C404Q+R405F+M166S+R416A+N151W+S424A+F409C、T7C+S47C+C404Q+R405F+M166T+R416A+N151W+F409H+E171T、和T7C+S47C+C404Q+R405F+M166Y+R416A+N151W+F409H+E171A。
  6. 一种DNA分子，其特征在于，所述DNA分子编码权利要求1至5中任一项所述的转氨酶突变体。
  7. 一种重组质粒，其特征在于，所述重组质粒含有权利要求6所述的DNA分子。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的重组质粒，其特征在于，所述重组质粒为pET-22a(+)、pET-22b(+)、pET-3a(+)、pET-3d(+)、pET-11a(+)、pET-12a(+)、pET-14b(+)、pET-15b(+)、pET-16b(+)、pET-17b(+)、pET-19b(+)、pET-20b(+)、pET-21a(+)、pET-23a(+)、pET-23b(+)、pET-24a(+)、pET-25b(+)、pET-26b(+)、pET-27b(+)、pET-28a(+)、pET-29a(+)、pET-30a(+)、pET-31b(+)、pET-32a(+)、pET-35b(+)、pET-38b(+)、pET-39b(+)、pET-40b(+)、pET-41a(+)、pET-41b(+)、pET-42a(+)、pET-43a(+)、pET-43b(+)、pET-44a(+)、pET-49b(+)、pQE2、pQE9、pQE30、pQE31、pQE32、pQE40、pQE70、pQE80、pRSET-A、pRSET-B、pRSET-C、pGEX-5X-1、pGEX-6p-1、pGEX-6p-2、pBV220、pBV221、pBV222、pTrc99A、pTwin1、pEZZ18、pKK232-18、pUC-18或pUC-19。
  9. 一种宿主细胞，其特征在于，所述宿主细胞含有权利要求7或8所述的重组质粒。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的宿主细胞，其特征在于，所述宿主细胞包括原核细胞、酵母或真核细胞；优选所述原核细胞为大肠杆菌BL21-DE3细胞或大肠杆菌Rosetta-DE3细胞。
  11. 一种生产手性胺的方法，包括转氨酶对酮类化合物及氨基供体进行催化转氨基反应的步骤，其特征在于，所述转氨酶为权利要求1至5中任一项所述的转氨酶突变体。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述酮类化合物为
    Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-100001
    转氨基反应产物为
    Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-100002
    其中，R 1和R 2分别独立的表示任选取代或未被取代的烷基、任选取代或未被取代的芳烷基、或任选取代或未被取代的芳基；R 1和R 2可单独或两者互相结合形成取代或未被取代的环；
    优选的，所述酮类化合物为二羟基缩酮类化合物，反应为
    Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-100003
    生成
    Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-100004
    的转 氨反应；
    优选的，R 1和R 2为碳原子数1～20的任选取代或未被取代的烷基、任选取代或未被取代的芳烷基、或任选取代或未被取代的芳基，更优选的为碳原子数1～10的任选取代或未被取代的烷基、任选取代或未被取代的芳烷基、或任选取代或未被取代的芳基；
    优选的，所述取代是指被卤素原子、氮原子、硫原子、羟基、硝基、氰基、甲氧基、乙氧基、羧基、羧甲基、羧乙基或亚甲二氧基取代；
    优选的，R 1表示为甲基或卤素取代的甲基，更优选的，所述卤素取代的甲基为CF 3，CF 2H，CCl 3，CCl 2H，CBr 3或CBr 2H，进一步优选的，为CF 3或CF 2H；
    优选的，所述酮类化合物为
    Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2019113743-appb-100006
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述氨基供体为异丙胺或丙氨酸，优选为异丙胺。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，在转氨酶对酮类化合物及氨基供体进行催化转氨基反应的反应体系中，pH为7～11，优选为8～10，更优选为9～10；
    优选的，转氨酶对酮类化合物及氨基供体进行催化转氨基反应的反应体系的温度为25℃～60℃，更优选为30～55℃，进一步优选为40～50℃；
    优选的，转氨酶对酮类化合物及氨基供体进行催化转氨基反应的反应体系中二甲基亚砜体积浓度为0％～50％，更优选为0％～20％。
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