WO2021080358A1 - 병렬 연결된 배터리 팩의 밸런싱 장치 및 방법 - Google Patents
병렬 연결된 배터리 팩의 밸런싱 장치 및 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021080358A1 WO2021080358A1 PCT/KR2020/014528 KR2020014528W WO2021080358A1 WO 2021080358 A1 WO2021080358 A1 WO 2021080358A1 KR 2020014528 W KR2020014528 W KR 2020014528W WO 2021080358 A1 WO2021080358 A1 WO 2021080358A1
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- pack
- battery
- voltage
- cell
- balancing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for balancing battery packs, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for balancing a plurality of battery packs connected in parallel.
- Batteries are rapidly spreading to fields such as mobile devices such as mobile phones, laptop computers, smart phones, and smart pads, as well as electric vehicles (EV, HEV, PHEV) and large-capacity power storage devices (ESS). have.
- a battery system mounted on an electric vehicle includes a plurality of battery packs connected in parallel to secure a high energy capacity, and each battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series.
- the battery cell may include one unit cell or a plurality of unit cells connected in parallel.
- the unit cell includes a negative terminal and a positive terminal, and means one independent cell that can be physically separated.
- one pouch-type lithium polymer cell may be regarded as a unit cell.
- the plurality of battery cells included in the battery pack do not have the same electrochemical characteristics.
- the deterioration rate of each battery cell is different, so that the performance deviation of the battery cells becomes larger.
- the higher the degree of deterioration of the battery cell the higher the voltage change rate. Accordingly, while the plurality of battery cells are being charged or discharged, the voltages of the battery cells exhibit variations.
- the pack voltage corresponds to a sum of voltages of battery cells connected in series included in the battery pack.
- In-rush current flows from a high voltage battery pack to a low voltage battery pack.
- the in-rush current damages electrical components included in the load device in which the battery system is installed, for example, a relay switch, and causes damage to the battery cells included in the battery pack through which the in-rush current flows.
- the present invention is invented under the background of the prior art as described above, and in a battery system including battery packs connected in parallel, a parallel battery pack capable of effectively balancing voltages between battery packs or between battery cells included in each battery pack. It is an object of the present invention to provide a balancing apparatus and method of
- a balancing device for a parallel battery pack according to the present invention for achieving the above technical problem is a device capable of complementarily performing pack balancing and cell balancing, and includes a plurality of battery cells connected in parallel and connected in series. The first to nth battery packs; A voltage measurement unit measuring voltages of a plurality of battery cells included in each battery pack; A plurality of discharge circuits connected in parallel to correspond to the plurality of battery cells; And a control unit operably connected to the voltage measuring unit and the plurality of discharge circuits.
- the control unit measures voltages of all battery cells included in each battery pack through the voltage measurement unit at regular time intervals, and determines a pack voltage of each battery pack from the measured voltages of the battery cells. And, the pack voltage deviation and the cell voltage deviation of each battery pack are determined, and when the pack voltage deviation exceeds a first threshold value, a preset criterion among all cell voltages included in the first to n-th battery packs is determined. The resulting cell voltage is determined as a pack balancing target voltage, a battery cell with a voltage higher than the pack balancing target voltage among battery cells included in each battery pack is identified, and a discharge circuit connected to the identified battery cell is operated to determine the pack voltage deviation.
- a battery pack whose cell voltage deviation exceeds the second threshold value is identified, and voltages of battery cells included in the identified battery pack
- the cell voltage corresponding to the preset criterion is determined as a cell balancing target voltage for the identified battery pack, and a discharge circuit connected to a battery cell having a voltage higher than the cell balancing target voltage among battery cells included in the identified battery pack is operated.
- it may be configured to reduce the cell voltage deviation below the second threshold value.
- each discharge circuit may include a switch and a resistor.
- control unit may be configured to stop pack balancing and cell balancing when the pack voltage deviation is less than or equal to the first threshold value and the cell voltage deviation of each battery pack is less than or equal to the second threshold value.
- control unit may be configured to decrease the first threshold value and the second threshold value as the number of charge/discharge cycles of the battery packs connected in parallel increases.
- the balancing apparatus further includes a current measuring unit for measuring an in-rush current flowing into each battery pack, the control unit using the current measuring unit to each battery pack. It may be configured to measure the incoming in-rush current to determine a maximum value of the in-rush current, and to decrease the first threshold value and the second threshold value according to the level of the maximum value of the in-rush current. .
- control unit pack-balancing the lowest cell voltage or an average voltage of all cell voltages among all cell voltages included in the first to nth battery packs when the pack voltage deviation exceeds a first threshold value. It may be configured to determine the target voltage.
- control unit identifies a battery pack in which the cell voltage deviation exceeds a second threshold value when the pack voltage deviation falls below a first threshold value, and the voltage of the battery cells included in the identified battery pack is the highest. It may be configured to determine a low cell voltage or an average cell voltage as a cell balancing target voltage for the identified battery pack.
- the technical problem according to the present invention can be achieved by a battery management system or an electric driving device, including the above-described balancing device for battery packs connected in parallel.
- a balancing method of a battery pack connected in parallel comprises the steps of: (a) measuring voltages of all battery cells included in a plurality of battery packs through a voltage measuring unit at regular time intervals; (b) determining a pack voltage of each battery pack from the measured voltages of the battery cells; (c) determining a difference between a pack voltage and a difference between a cell voltage of each battery pack; (d) If the pack voltage deviation exceeds the first threshold value, a cell voltage corresponding to a preset reference among all cell voltages included in the plurality of battery packs is determined as a pack balancing target voltage, and included in each battery pack.
- the cell voltage is determined as a cell balancing target voltage for the identified battery pack, and the cell voltage deviation is reduced by operating a discharge circuit connected to a battery cell having a voltage higher than the cell balancing target voltage among battery cells included in the identified battery pack. It may include; reducing to less than 1 threshold.
- the balancing method according to the present invention includes the steps of stopping pack balancing and cell balancing operations when the pack voltage deviation is less than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage deviation of each battery pack is less than or equal to a second threshold value; It may contain more.
- the balancing method according to the present invention may further include reducing the first threshold value and the second threshold value as the number of charge/discharge cycles of battery packs connected in parallel increases.
- a balancing method includes: measuring an in-rush current flowing into each battery pack using a current measuring unit; And determining a maximum value of the in-rush current and reducing the first threshold value and the second threshold value according to a level of the maximum value of the in-rush current.
- step (d) when the pack voltage deviation exceeds a first threshold, the lowest cell voltage or an average voltage of all cell voltages among all cell voltages included in the first to nth battery packs is determined. It can be determined by the pack balancing target voltage.
- step (e) when the pack voltage deviation falls below the first threshold value, a battery pack whose cell voltage deviation exceeds the second threshold value is identified, and voltages of the battery cells included in the identified battery pack Among them, the lowest cell voltage or the average cell voltage may be determined as a cell balancing target voltage for the identified battery pack.
- pack voltage variation can be kept to a minimum by complementary use of pack balancing between battery packs and cell balancing inside the battery pack.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a balancing apparatus for a battery pack connected in parallel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method of balancing battery packs connected in parallel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 3 to 6 are embodiments specifically showing a process in which pack balancing and cell balancing are complementary to each other when a balancing method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a battery system including a balancing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an electric drive device including a balancing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery cell refers to a lithium secondary battery.
- the lithium secondary battery collectively refers to a secondary battery in which lithium ions act as operating ions during charging and discharging to induce an electrochemical reaction at the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- lithium ions are used as operating ions. Any secondary battery that is used should be interpreted as being included in the category of the lithium secondary battery.
- the present invention can also be applied to secondary batteries other than lithium secondary batteries. Therefore, even if the operating ions are not lithium ions, any secondary battery to which the technical idea of the present invention can be applied should be interpreted as being included in the scope of the present invention regardless of the type.
- the battery cell may refer to one unit cell or a plurality of unit cells connected in parallel.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a balancing apparatus for a battery pack connected in parallel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a balancing device 10 is coupled to first to nth battery packs P1, P2, ..., Pn connected in parallel, and is coupled to the first to nth battery packs ( It is a device that can complementaryly perform pack balancing and cell balancing for P1, P2,..., Pn).
- Each of the first to nth battery packs P1, P2, ..., Pn includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series therein. That is, the first battery pack P1 includes first to p- th battery cells C 11 -C 1p connected in series. In addition, the second battery pack P2 includes first to p- th battery cells C 21 -C 2p connected in series. In addition, the n-th battery pack Pn includes first to p-th battery cells C n1 -C np connected in series. Although illustration of the n-1th battery pack from the third battery pack is omitted, p battery cells connected in series are included in the same manner as the illustrated battery pack.
- pack balancing refers to balancing performed when a voltage deviation between the first to nth battery packs P1, P2, ..., Pn exceeds a first threshold value.
- cell balancing refers to balancing performed when a voltage deviation between battery cells included in a battery pack exceeds a second threshold value.
- balancing refers to consuming energy stored in a battery cell through discharging.
- the balancing device 10 includes a voltage measuring unit 20 that measures voltages of a plurality of battery cells included in each battery pack.
- the voltage measuring unit 20 includes a plurality of voltage measuring circuits installed inside the battery pack and measuring voltages of each battery cell. That is, the first battery pack P1 includes first to p- th voltage measurement circuits V 11 -V 1p.
- the second battery pack P2 includes first to p- th voltage measurement circuits V 21 -V 2p.
- the n-th battery pack Pn includes first to p-th voltage measurement circuits V n1 -V np .
- the third battery pack to the n-1th battery pack include p number of voltage measurement circuits in the same manner as the illustrated battery pack.
- the first to p-th voltage measurement circuits V 11 -V 1p included in the first battery pack P1 are electrically coupled to the control unit 40 so as to transmit and receive electrical signals.
- the first to p- th voltage measurement circuits (V 11 -V 1p) are controlled by the control unit 40 at intervals of time and the first to p-th battery cells C 11 , C 12 , C 13 ,..., C
- the voltage applied between the anode and the cathode of 1p) is measured, and a signal indicating the magnitude of the measured voltage is output to the control unit 40.
- the control unit 40 determines the voltage of each battery cell (C 11 , C 12 , C 13 ,..., C 1p ) from the signal output from the first to p-th voltage measurement circuit (V 11 -V 1p) and determined The voltage value is stored in the storage unit 50.
- the first to p- th voltage measurement circuits V 21 -V 2p included in the second battery pack P2 are electrically coupled with the control unit 40 to transmit and receive electrical signals.
- the first to p- th voltage measurement circuits (V 21 -V 2p) are controlled by the control unit 40 at intervals of time and the first to p-th battery cells C 21 , C 22 , C 23 , ..., C The voltage applied between the anode and the cathode of 2p) is measured, and a signal indicating the magnitude of the measured voltage is output to the control unit 40.
- the control unit 40 determines the voltage of each battery cell (C 21 , C 22 , C 23 ,..., C 2p ) from the signal output from the first to p-th voltage measurement circuit (V 21 -V 2p) and the determined The voltage value is stored in the storage unit 50.
- the first to p-th voltage measurement circuits V n1 -V np included in the n-th battery pack Pn are electrically coupled to the control unit 40 so as to transmit and receive electrical signals.
- the first to pth voltage measurement circuits V n1 -V np are controlled by the control unit 40 at intervals of time and the first to pth battery cells C n1 , C n2 , C n3 , ..., C The voltage applied between the anode and the cathode of np) is measured, and a signal representing the magnitude of the measured voltage is output to the control unit 40.
- the control unit 40 determines the voltage of each battery cell (C n1 , C n2 , C n3 , ..., C np ) from the signal output from the first to p-th voltage measurement circuit (V n1 -V np ) and determined The voltage value is stored in the storage unit 50.
- Each voltage measurement circuit constituting the voltage measurement unit 20 includes a voltage measurement circuit commonly used in the art, for example, a differential amplifier. Since the configuration of the voltage measurement circuit is obvious to those skilled in the art, detailed descriptions will be omitted.
- the storage unit 50 is not particularly limited in its type as long as it is a storage medium capable of recording and erasing information.
- the storage unit 50 may be RAM, ROM, EEPROM, register, or flash memory.
- the storage unit 50 can also be electrically connected to the control unit 40 via a data bus, for example, so as to be accessible by the control unit 40.
- the storage unit 50 also stores and/or updates and/or erases and/or transmits a program including various control logic performed by the control unit 40, and/or data generated when the control logic is executed.
- the storage unit 50 can be logically divided into two or more, and is not limited to being included in the control unit 40.
- the balancing device 10 includes a balancing unit 30 installed in the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn.
- the balancing unit 30 includes a plurality of discharge circuits installed inside the battery pack and capable of discharging each battery cell in a process of performing pack balancing or cell balancing performed complementarily. That is, the first battery pack P1 includes first to p- th discharge circuits B 11 -B 1p.
- the second battery pack P2 includes first to p- th discharge circuits B 21 -B 2p.
- the n-th battery pack Pn includes first to p-th discharge circuits B n1 -B np .
- the third battery pack to the n-1th battery pack include p discharge circuits in the same manner as the illustrated battery pack.
- the first to p-th discharge circuits B 11 -B 1p included in the first battery pack P1 are electrically coupled to the control unit 40 to transmit and receive electrical signals.
- each of the first to p- th discharge circuits B 11 -B 1p discharges a battery cell connected to itself under the control of the control unit 40.
- each of the first to p- th discharge circuits B 11 -B 1p includes a resistor R and a switch S.
- the control unit 40 applies a turn-on signal or a turn-off signal to the switch S. When a turn-on signal is applied to the switch S, the discharge circuit starts operation, and when a turn-off signal is applied to the switch S, the discharge circuit stops operation.
- each of the first to p- th discharge circuits B 21 -B 2p included in the second battery pack P2 are electrically coupled to the control unit 40 so as to transmit and receive electrical signals.
- each of the first to p- th discharge circuits B 21 -B 2p discharges a battery cell connected to itself under the control of the control unit 40.
- each of the first to p- th discharge circuits B 21 -B 2p includes a resistor R and a switch S.
- the control unit 40 applies a turn-on signal or a turn-off signal to the switch S. When a turn-on signal is applied to the switch S, the discharge circuit starts operation, and when a turn-off signal is applied to the switch S, the discharge circuit stops operation.
- each of the first to p-th discharge circuits B n1 -B np included in the n-th battery pack Pn are electrically coupled to the control unit 40 so as to transmit and receive electrical signals.
- each of the first to p- th discharge circuits B n1 -B np discharges a battery cell connected to itself under the control of the control unit 40.
- each of the first to p- th discharge circuits B n1 -B np includes a resistor R and a switch S.
- the control unit 40 applies a turn-on signal or a turn-off signal to the switch S. When a turn-on signal is applied to the switch S, the discharge circuit starts operation, and when a turn-off signal is applied to the switch S, the discharge circuit stops operation.
- the balancing device 10 comprises a control unit 40.
- the control unit 40 measures the first to p-th voltage measurement circuit V 11 -V 1p of the first battery pack P1 and the first to p-th voltage of the second battery pack P2 at regular time intervals.
- Control the circuit (V 21 -V 2p ) and the first to p-th voltage measurement circuit (V n1 -V np ) of the n-th battery pack (Pn) to receive voltage measurement signals of battery cells from each voltage measurement circuit, and
- the voltage values of the battery cells are recorded in the storage unit 50.
- the operation of the control unit 40 may be equally applied to the third to n-1th battery packs.
- the control unit 40 also determines the pack voltages of the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn from the measured voltages of the battery cells and writes them to the storage unit 50. That is, the control unit 40 determines the pack voltage of the first battery pack P1 by summing the voltage values of the first to p-th battery cells C 11 -C 1p included in the first battery pack P1. And record it in the storage unit 50. In addition, the control unit 40 determines the pack voltage of the second battery pack P2 by summing the voltage values of the first to p-th battery cells C 21 -C 2p included in the second battery pack P2. And record in the storage unit 50.
- control unit 40 determines the pack voltage of the n-th battery pack Pn by summing the voltage values of the first to p-th battery cells C n1 -C np included in the n-th battery pack Pn. And record in the storage unit 50. The operation of the control unit 40 may be equally applied to the third to n-1th battery packs.
- the control unit 40 also uses the voltage information of the battery cells recorded in the storage unit 50 to determine the pack voltage deviation and the cell voltage deviation of the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn, and the storage unit 50 ). That is, the control unit 40 determines the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value among the pack voltages of the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn recorded in the storage unit 50 as the pack voltage deviation, and the storage unit 50 ). In addition, the control unit 40 determines the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value among the voltages of the first to p-th battery cells C 11 -C 1p recorded in the storage unit 50. The voltage deviation is determined and recorded in the storage unit 50.
- control unit 40 determines the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value among the voltages of the first to p-th battery cells C 21 -C 2p recorded in the storage unit 50 as a cell of the second battery pack P2. The voltage deviation is determined and recorded in the storage unit 50. In addition, the control unit 40 determines the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value among voltages of the first to p-th battery cells C n1 -C np recorded in the storage unit 50. The voltage deviation is determined and recorded in the storage unit 50. The operation of the control unit 40 may be equally applied to the third to n-1th battery packs.
- the control unit 40 also includes all cell voltages included in the first to nth battery packs P1 to Pn when the pack voltage deviation of the first to nth battery packs P1 to Pn exceeds the first threshold value. Among them, a cell voltage corresponding to a preset reference is determined as a pack balancing target voltage.
- the cell voltage corresponding to the preset reference may be the lowest cell voltage among all cell voltages or an average voltage of all cell voltages.
- the first threshold value is set to a value optimized to achieve the object of the present invention and recorded in advance in the storage unit 50. In one example, the first threshold may have a value between 1.2V and 1.5V, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the control unit 40 identifies battery cell(s) having a voltage higher than the pack balancing target voltage among battery cells included in the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn, and the identified battery cell(s) A pack balancing operation is started by applying a turn-on signal to the switch S included in the discharge circuit connected to and operating the corresponding discharge circuit.
- the control unit 40 also uses the first to p-th voltage measurement circuits V 11 -V 1p of the first battery pack P1 at a time interval as described above after the pack balancing operation is started.
- the voltage applied between the anode and the cathode of the p-th battery cells C 11 , C 12 , C 13 ,..., C 1p is measured and recorded in the storage unit 50.
- the voltage measurement and storage operation of the control unit 40 is equally applied to the second to nth battery packs P2-Pn.
- the control unit 40 also includes the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn based on voltage information of the battery cells recorded in the storage unit 50 whenever the voltages of the battery cells are measured while pack balancing is being performed. ) Is determined, the pack voltage deviation is determined based on the pack voltage information, and the magnitude of the pack voltage deviation is monitored.
- the control unit 40 also identifies the discharge circuit to which the turn-on signal has been applied to stop the pack balancing when the pack voltage deviation being monitored falls below the first threshold value, and applies a turn-off signal to a switch included in the identified discharge circuit. Thus, the operation of the identified discharge circuit is stopped. This stops the pack balancing mode.
- the control unit 40 also uses the first to p-th voltage measurement circuits V 11 -V 1p of the first battery pack P1 at a time interval as described above again after the pack balancing mode is stopped.
- the voltage applied between the anode and the cathode of the first to pth battery cells C 11 , C 12 , C 13 ,..., C 1p is measured and recorded in the storage unit 50.
- the operation of the control unit 40 is equally applied to the second to nth battery packs P2-Pn.
- the control unit 40 also determines the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value among the voltages of the first to p-th battery cells C 11 -C 1p recorded in the storage unit 50 as the cell voltage of the first battery pack P1. Determine the deviation and record it in the storage unit 50. In addition, the control unit 40 determines the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value among the voltages of the first to p-th battery cells C 21 -C 2p recorded in the storage unit 50 as a cell of the second battery pack P2. The voltage deviation is determined and recorded in the storage unit 50. In addition, the control unit 40 determines the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value among voltages of the first to p-th battery cells C n1 -C np recorded in the storage unit 50. The voltage deviation is determined and recorded in the storage unit 50. The operation of the control unit 40 may be equally applied to the third to n-1th battery packs.
- the control unit 40 also refers to the cell voltage deviation of the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn recorded in the storage unit 50 to identify the battery pack in which the cell voltage deviation exceeds the second threshold.
- the number of the identified battery packs may be one or more, and the second threshold value is set to an optimized value and recorded in advance in the storage unit 50.
- the second threshold value is smaller in size than the first threshold value, and may have a value between 0.1V and 0.5V, for example, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the control unit 40 also determines a cell voltage corresponding to a preset reference among voltages of battery cells included in the identified battery pack as a cell balancing target voltage for the identified battery pack, and the battery included in the identified battery pack.
- a cell balancing operation is initiated by operating a discharge circuit connected to a battery cell having a voltage higher than the cell balancing target voltage among the cells. It is preferable that the operation of the control unit 40 is independently applied for each battery pack identified as having a cell voltage deviation exceeding the second threshold value.
- the cell voltage corresponding to the preset reference may be the lowest cell voltage or average cell voltage among voltages of battery cells included in the identified battery pack.
- the control unit 40 After the cell balancing operation is started, the control unit 40 also uses the first to p- th voltage measurement circuits V 11 -V 1p of the first battery pack P1 at a time interval as described above, as described above.
- the voltage applied between the anode and the cathode of the p-th battery cells C 11 , C 12 , C 13 ,..., C 1p is measured and recorded in the storage unit 50.
- the voltage measurement and storage operation of the control unit 40 is equally applied to the second to nth battery packs P2-Pn.
- the control unit 40 also applies to the battery pack for which cell balancing is performed based on the voltage information of the battery cells recorded in the storage unit 50 whenever the voltages of the battery cells are measured while cell balancing is being performed. Determine the cell voltage deviation and monitor its magnitude.
- the control unit 40 also identifies the battery pack that satisfies the condition when the deviation of the cell voltage being monitored falls below the second threshold, and a turn-on signal among the discharge circuits included in the identified battery pack to stop the cell balancing.
- the discharge circuit to which is applied is identified, and the operation of the identified discharge circuit is stopped by applying a turn-off signal to a switch included in the identified discharge circuit. Accordingly, the cell balancing mode for the battery pack in which the cell voltage deviation falls below the second threshold value is stopped.
- the control unit 40 maintains the cell balancing mode for the battery pack in which the cell voltage deviation exceeds the second threshold value.
- the control unit 40 monitors the cell voltage deviation and maintains or stops the cell balancing mode based on the result, while the battery pack in which the cell voltage deviation exceeds the second threshold value is identified. .
- the control unit 40 can maintain the difference in pack voltage between the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn to be less than or equal to the first threshold value by complementarily performing the pack balancing and cell balancing as described above. An internal cell voltage deviation of each of the first to nth battery packs P1 to Pn may be maintained below the second threshold.
- the control unit 40 may periodically execute a balancing mode including pack balancing and cell balancing. Also, the control unit 40 may stop charging or discharging the battery system including the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn while the balancing mode is in progress. In addition, the control unit 40 periodically measures voltages of all battery cells included in the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn while charging or discharging of the battery system is in progress. Each time you can stop charging or discharging the battery system, you can perform pack balancing and cell balancing. In addition, the control unit 40 may start charging or discharging the battery system again when the termination conditions for pack balancing and cell balancing are satisfied.
- control unit 40 measures the voltages of all battery cells included in the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn after the no-load state has elapsed for a predetermined time when the battery system is in the no-load state and balances the pack. When the initiation condition is satisfied, pack balancing and cell balancing can be performed.
- control unit 40 also stops pack balancing and cell balancing if the pack voltage deviation is less than or equal to the first threshold value and the cell voltage deviation of each battery pack is less than or equal to the second threshold value.
- the control unit 40 counts the number of charge/discharge cycles of the battery system including the first to n-th battery packs P1-Pn connected in parallel and records them in the storage unit 50, and the charge/discharge cycles It may be configured to decrease the first threshold value and the second threshold value as the number increases.
- the number of charge/discharge cycles increases, deterioration of the first to nth battery packs (P1-Pn) proceeds and the difference in performance between packs increases. Therefore, by reducing the first threshold and the second threshold, the pack balancing or cell balancing can be performed. It is desirable to relax the initiation conditions.
- the number of charge/discharge cycles refers to a cumulative value of the number of times the battery system is charged above a preset charging state and then discharged again below a preset charging state.
- the control unit 40 may monitor the pack voltage of the first to nth battery packs P1 -Pn to accumulate and calculate the number of charge/discharge cycles while the battery system is charging or discharging, and record it in the storage unit 50. .
- the balancing device 10 further includes a current measuring unit 60 for measuring the magnitude of the in-rush current flowing into the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn.
- I can.
- the current measuring unit 60 includes a first current measuring circuit I 1 installed on the high potential side of the first battery pack P1 so as to measure the magnitude of the in-rush current flowing into the first battery pack P1,
- the second current measuring circuit (I 2 ) and the n-th battery pack (Pn) installed on the high potential side of the second battery pack (P2) to measure the magnitude of the in-rush current flowing into the second battery pack (P2).
- n-th current measuring circuit installed on the high potential side of the n-th battery pack (Pn) so as to measure the magnitude of the in-rush current flowing into it.
- a current measuring circuit is provided so as to measure the in-rush current also on the high potential side of the third to n-1th battery packs.
- control unit 40 measures the magnitude of the in-rush current flowing into the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn using the current measuring unit 60 and records it in the storage unit 50. And determining a maximum value of the in-rush current, and may be configured to decrease the first threshold value and the second threshold value according to the level of the maximum value of the in-rush current.
- the storage unit 50 may pre-store a look-up table that can refer to the first threshold value and the second threshold value according to the maximum value of the in-rush current, and the control unit 40 With reference, the first threshold value and the second threshold value can be adjusted according to the maximum value of the in-rush current.
- the first to nth current measuring circuits I 1 -I n may be Hall sensors that output a voltage signal corresponding to the magnitude of the current.
- the first to nth current measuring circuits I 1 -I n may be a sense resistor circuit that outputs a signal corresponding to a sense resistor and a voltage applied across the sense resistor. The voltage applied across the sense resistor can be converted to the amount of current according to Ohm's law. Since the circuit for measuring the current is widely known in the art, further detailed description will be omitted.
- control unit 40 includes a processor known in the art, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, a logic circuit, a register, a communication modem, a data processing device, etc. to execute the various control logics described above. Can optionally include.
- control logic when the control logic is implemented in software, the control unit 40 may be implemented as a set of program modules.
- the program module may be stored in a memory and executed by a processor.
- the memory may be inside or outside the processor, and may be connected to the processor through various well-known computer components.
- the memory may be included in the storage unit 50 of the present invention.
- the memory refers to a device in which information is stored regardless of the type of device, and does not refer to a specific memory device.
- control logics of the control unit 40 may be combined, and the combined control logics may be written in a computer-readable code system and stored in a computer-readable recording medium.
- the recording medium includes at least one selected from the group including ROM, RAM, register, CD-ROM, magnetic tape, hard disk, floppy disk, and optical data recording device.
- the code system can be distributed, stored and executed on computers connected via a network.
- functional programs, codes, and code segments for implementing the combined control logic can be easily inferred by programmers in the art to which the present invention pertains.
- the balancing device 10 may be included in the battery management system 100 as shown in FIG. 7.
- the battery management system 100 controls the overall operation related to charging and discharging a battery, and is a computing system called a Battery Management System in the art.
- the balancing device 10 may be mounted on various types of electric driving devices 200 as shown in FIG. 8.
- the electric drive device 200 may be a mobile computer device such as a mobile phone, a laptop computer, or a tablet computer, or a handheld multimedia device including a digital camera, a video camera, and an audio/video playback device.
- a mobile computer device such as a mobile phone, a laptop computer, or a tablet computer
- a handheld multimedia device including a digital camera, a video camera, and an audio/video playback device.
- the electric drive device 200 is an electric power device that can be moved by electricity, such as an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, an electric bicycle, an electric motorcycle, an electric train, an electric ship, an electric plane, or an electric drill, an electric It may be a power tool including a motor such as a grinder.
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart specifically illustrating a method of complementarily controlling pack balancing and cell balancing for battery packs connected in parallel by the control unit 40 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- step S10 the control unit 40 determines whether a predetermined time has elapsed when the battery system including the battery packs connected in parallel is being charged or discharged, or when the battery system is in a no-load state. do.
- the predetermined time may be 1 second to several tens of seconds, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- step S10 If the determination result in step S10 is YES, the control unit 40 shifts the process to S20 and starts counting time. On the other hand, if the determination result in step S10 is NO, the control unit 40 suspends the process.
- step S20 the control unit 40 uses the voltage measuring unit 20 included in the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn in step S30 to determine the voltage of the battery cells included in each battery pack. All are measured and recorded in the storage unit 50. After step S30, step S40 proceeds.
- the control unit 40 determines the pack voltage for each of the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn by referring to the cell voltage information recorded in the storage unit 50 in step S40, and The pack voltage deviation of (P1-Pn) is determined and recorded in the storage unit 50.
- the pack voltage of each battery pack is determined by summing the voltages of battery cells included in the corresponding battery pack.
- the pack voltage deviation of the first to nth battery packs P1 -Pn is determined by calculating a difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the pack voltage.
- control unit 40 determines a cell voltage deviation for each of the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn by referring to the cell voltage information recorded in the storage unit 50 in step S40, and the storage unit 50 ).
- the cell voltage deviation of each battery pack is determined by calculating a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the cell voltage by referring to voltages of battery cells included in the corresponding battery pack.
- Step S50 proceeds after step S40.
- the control unit 40 determines whether the pack voltage deviation exceeds the first threshold in step S50.
- the first threshold has a value between 1.2V and 1.5V.
- step S50 determines whether the determination result in step S50 is YES. If the determination result in step S50 is YES, the control unit 40 proceeds to step S60. That is, in step S60, the control unit 40 determines a cell voltage corresponding to a preset reference among all the cell voltages included in the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn as the pack balancing target voltage.
- the cell voltage corresponding to the preset reference may be the lowest cell voltage among all cell voltages or an average cell voltage of all cell voltages.
- Step S70 proceeds after step S60.
- the control unit 40 identifies the battery cell(s) having a voltage higher than the pack balancing target voltage among battery cells included in the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn in step S70, and is connected to the identified battery cell.
- the pack balancing operation is started by applying a turn-on signal to the switch S included in the discharge circuit to operate the corresponding discharge circuit.
- the control unit 40 also uses the first to p-th voltage measurement circuits V 11 -V 1p included in the first battery pack P1 at a time interval after the pack balancing operation is started in step S70.
- the voltage applied between the anode and the cathode of the first to pth battery cells C 11 , C 12 , C 13 ,..., C 1p is measured and recorded in the storage unit 50.
- the control unit 40 measures the voltage for the battery cells included in the second to nth battery packs P2-Pn in the same manner and records the voltage in the storage unit 50.
- the control unit 40 also includes the first to nth battery packs based on the voltage information of the battery cells recorded in the storage unit 50 whenever the voltages of the battery cells are measured while pack balancing is being performed in step S70.
- the pack voltage for P1-Pn) is determined, the pack voltage deviation is updated based on the pack voltage information, and the magnitude of the pack voltage deviation is monitored.
- the control unit 40 also identifies the discharge circuit to which the turn-on signal has been applied to stop the pack balancing when the pack voltage deviation being monitored in step S70 becomes less than or equal to the first threshold value, and the switch S included in the identified discharge circuit. A turn-off signal is applied to to stop the operation of the identified discharge circuit. This stops the pack balancing mode. After step S70, step S30 proceeds.
- step S30 the control unit 40 measures the voltages of the battery cells included in each battery pack using the voltage measurement unit 20 included in the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn in step S30. All are measured and recorded in the storage unit 50. After step S30, step S40 proceeds.
- the control unit 40 determines the pack voltage for each of the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn by referring to the cell voltage information recorded in the storage unit 50 in step S40, and The pack voltage deviation of (P1-Pn) is determined and recorded in the storage unit 50.
- the pack voltage of each battery pack is determined by summing the voltages of battery cells included in the corresponding battery pack.
- the pack voltage deviation of the first to nth battery packs P1 -Pn is determined by calculating a difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the pack voltage.
- control unit 40 determines a cell voltage deviation for each of the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn by referring to the cell voltage information recorded in the storage unit 50 in step S40, and the storage unit 50 ).
- the cell voltage deviation of each battery pack is determined by calculating a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the cell voltage by referring to voltages of battery cells included in the corresponding battery pack.
- Step S50 proceeds after step S40.
- the control unit 40 determines whether the pack voltage deviation exceeds the first threshold in step S50.
- the first threshold has a value between 1.2V and 1.5V. Since the pack balancing has been performed previously, the pack voltage deviation is less than or equal to the first threshold. Therefore, the determination result of step S50 becomes YES, and the process advances to step S80.
- the control unit 40 refers to the cell voltage deviation of the first to nth battery packs Pn recorded in the storage unit 50 in step S80, and the battery pack(s) in which the cell voltage deviation exceeds the second threshold value.
- the number of the identified battery packs may be one or more, and the second threshold value is set to an optimized value and recorded in advance in the storage unit 50.
- the second threshold value is smaller in size than the first threshold value, and may have a value between 0.1V and 0.5V, for example, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- step S90 proceeds, whereas if the judgment result of step S80 is NO, the balancing procedure according to the present invention is terminated.
- the control unit 40 determines a cell voltage corresponding to a preset reference among voltages of the battery cells included in the battery pack identified in step S90 as a cell balancing target voltage for the identified battery pack. do.
- the cell balancing target voltage may be independently determined for each battery pack identified as having a cell voltage deviation exceeding the second threshold.
- the cell voltage corresponding to the preset reference may be the lowest cell voltage or average cell voltage among voltages of battery cells included in the identified battery pack.
- the control unit 40 also starts a cell balancing operation by operating a discharge circuit connected to a battery cell having a voltage higher than the cell balancing target voltage among battery cells included in the battery pack identified in step S100.
- the operation of the control unit 40 may be independently applied for each battery pack identified as having a cell voltage deviation exceeding the second threshold value.
- the control unit 40 also uses the first to p-th voltage measurement circuits V 11 -V 1p of the first battery pack P1 at a time interval as described above after the cell balancing operation is started in step S100.
- the voltage applied between the anode and the cathode of the first to pth battery cells C 11 , C 12 , C 13 ,..., C 1p is measured and recorded in the storage unit 50.
- the operation of the control unit 40 is equally applied to the second to nth battery packs P2-Pn.
- the control unit 40 also performs cell balancing based on the voltage information of the battery cells recorded in the storage unit 50 whenever the voltage of the battery cells is measured while the cell balancing is being performed in step S100. Determine the cell voltage deviation for the pack and monitor its magnitude.
- the control unit 40 also identifies the battery pack that satisfies the corresponding condition when the deviation of the cell voltage being monitored in step S100 is less than or equal to the second threshold value, and discharge circuits included in the identified battery pack to stop the cell balancing. Among them, a discharge circuit to which a turn-on signal has been applied is identified, and an operation of the identified discharge circuit is stopped by applying a turn-off signal to a switch included in the identified discharge circuit. Accordingly, the cell balancing mode for the battery pack in which the cell voltage deviation falls below the second threshold value is stopped. Of course, the control unit 40 continues to maintain the cell balancing mode for the battery pack in which the cell voltage deviation exceeds the second threshold value. In addition, the control unit 40 monitors the cell voltage deviation and maintains or stops the cell balancing mode based on the result, while the battery pack in which the cell voltage deviation exceeds the second threshold value is identified. .
- step 80 When the determination result of step 80 is NO, that is, if the cell voltage deviation of the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn does not exceed the second threshold, the pack balancing or cell balancing is performed. Since there is no need, the balancing process according to the present invention is terminated.
- the control unit 40 can maintain the difference in pack voltage between the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn to be less than or equal to the first threshold value by complementarily performing the pack balancing and cell balancing as described above. To the nth battery packs P1 -Pn, a voltage deviation of the internal cells of each of the n-th battery packs P1 -Pn may be maintained below the second threshold.
- the control unit 40 may periodically repeat the above-described balancing process every time a predetermined time elapses. Accordingly, the control unit 40 determines whether a predetermined time has elapsed in step S10, and when the predetermined time elapses, the operation of the balancing process according to the present invention can be resumed.
- the control unit 40 may also stop charging or discharging the battery system including the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn while the balancing mode is in progress. In addition, the control unit 40 periodically measures voltages of all battery cells included in the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn while charging or discharging of the battery system is in progress. Each time, the charging or discharging of the battery system can be stopped, and pack balancing and cell balancing can be performed complementarily.
- the control unit 40 may also start charging or discharging the battery system again when the end conditions of pack balancing and cell balancing are met.
- the control unit 40 measures the voltages of all battery cells included in the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn after the no-load state has elapsed for a predetermined time when the battery system is in the no-load state and balances the pack. When the initiation condition is satisfied, pack balancing and cell balancing can be performed.
- the control unit 40 counts the number of charge/discharge cycles of the battery system including the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn connected in parallel and records them in the storage unit 50. And as the number of charge/discharge cycles increases, the step of decreasing the first threshold value and the second threshold value may be performed.
- the pack balancing or cell balancing can be performed. It is desirable to relax the initiation conditions.
- the number of charge/discharge cycles refers to the number of times the battery system is charged above a preset state of charge and then discharged below a preset state of charge.
- the control unit 40 may monitor the pack voltages of the first to nth battery packs P1 to Pn to accumulate and calculate the number of charge/discharge cycles of the battery system and record them in the storage unit 50.
- the control unit 40 measures the magnitude of the in-rush current flowing into the first to n-th battery packs P1-Pn using the current measuring unit 60 and stored in the storage unit 50. You can optionally proceed with the recording step. In addition, the control unit 40 determines the maximum value of the in-rush current by referring to the magnitude of the in-rush current recorded in the storage unit 50, and the first threshold value according to the maximum value level of the in-rush current. And reducing the second threshold.
- the first threshold according to the magnitude of the in-rush current. It is desirable to reduce the value and the second threshold to alleviate the initiation condition of pack balancing or cell balancing.
- the storage unit 50 may previously store a lookup table that can refer to the first threshold value and the second threshold value according to the maximum value of the in-rush current.
- the control unit 40 may adaptively adjust the first threshold value and the second threshold value according to the maximum value of the in-rush current by referring to the lookup table.
- 3 to 6 are tables specifically showing voltage changes of cells included in the first to nth battery packs P1-Pn when pack balancing and cell balancing are complementary to each other according to an embodiment of the present invention. .
- the first threshold and the second threshold are set to 1.2V and 0.1V, respectively.
- the pack balancing target voltage was set to the lowest cell voltage among cell voltages included in the entire pack.
- the cell balancing target voltage was set to the lowest cell voltage among cell voltages included in the corresponding battery pack in which cell balancing is performed.
- the pack voltage of the first battery pack is 18.37V
- the pack voltage of the second battery pack is 19.1V
- the pack voltage of the n-th battery pack is 17.4V. Since the pack voltage of the second battery pack is the highest and the pack voltage of the n-th battery pack is the lowest, the pack voltage deviation is 1.7V, which exceeds the first threshold.
- the pack voltage balancing is initiated.
- the pack balancing target voltage is set to the highest voltage among voltages of all cells. That is, the voltage of 3.4V of the p-th battery cell of the n-th battery pack is set as the pack balancing target voltage.
- pack balancing for discharging battery cells having a voltage greater than 3.4V is started. Accordingly, the first battery pack, the second battery pack, and the n-th battery pack enter the pack balancing mode. Cells that are discharged when the pack balancing mode is in progress are marked with underlined voltage values.
- the pack balancing mode proceeds, the pack voltages of the first battery pack, the second battery pack, and the n-th battery pack gradually decrease. As a result, the pack voltage deviation decreases to a level lower than the first threshold value as 0.7V. Accordingly, the pack balancing for the first battery pack, the second battery pack, and the n-th battery pack is stopped.
- the first battery pack and the second battery pack have a cell voltage deviation of 0.18V and 0.3V, respectively, which exceeds the second threshold. Accordingly, the first battery pack and the second battery pack enter the cell balancing mode. Cells discharged in the cell balancing mode are indicated by underlined voltage values. Meanwhile, the n-th battery pack has a cell voltage deviation of 0.1V and does not exceed the second threshold. Therefore, the cell balancing mode is not performed for the n-th battery pack.
- the cell voltage deviation of the first battery pack is reduced to 0.08V, and the cell voltage deviation of the second battery pack is 0.15V, which is still greater than the second threshold. Accordingly, the cell balancing mode is stopped for the first battery pack, and the cell balancing mode is continuously applied to the second battery pack. Cells discharged in the cell balancing mode are indicated by underlined voltage values.
- the cell voltage deviations of the first battery pack, the second battery pack, and the n-th battery pack decrease to 0.08V, 0.07V, and 0.1V, respectively, so that the second threshold does not exceed. . Accordingly, the balancing process according to the present invention is terminated by stopping the cell balancing mode for the second battery pack.
- pack balancing and cell balancing are performed complementarily, thereby reducing the voltage deviation of the battery pack, thereby damaging electrical components due to in-rush current or damage to the inside of the pack. Cell damage can be reduced.
- each component may be selectively integrated with other components, or each component may be divided into sub-components for efficient execution of the control logic(s).
- the constituent elements are integrated or divided, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that if the functional identity can be recognized, the consolidated or divided constituent elements should be interpreted as being within the scope of the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 팩 밸런싱과 셀 밸런싱을 상호 보완적으로 실시할 수 있는 병렬 연결된 배터리 팩의 밸런싱 장치에 있어서,상호 병렬로 연결되고 직렬 연결된 복수의 배터리 셀을 포함하고 있는 제1 내지 제n배터리 팩;각 배터리 팩에 포함된 복수의 배터리 셀 전압을 측정하는 전압 측정 유닛;복수의 배터리 셀들과 상호 대응하도록 병렬 연결된 복수의 방전 회로; 및상기 전압 측정 유닛 및 상기 복수의 방전 회로와 동작 가능하게 연결된 제어 유닛을 포함하고,상기 제어 유닛은,일정한 시간 간격을 두고 상기 전압 측정 유닛을 통해 각 배터리 팩에 포함된 모든 배터리 셀들의 전압을 측정하고, 상기 측정된 배터리 셀들의 전압으로부터 각 배터리 팩의 팩 전압을 결정하고, 팩 전압 편차와 각 배터리 팩의 셀 전압 편차를 결정하고,상기 팩 전압 편차가 제1임계값을 초과하면 상기 제1 내지 제n배터리 팩에 포함된 전체 셀 전압들 중에서 미리 설정된 기준에 대응되는 셀 전압을 팩 밸런싱 타겟 전압으로 결정하고, 각 배터리 팩에 포함된 배터리 셀들 중에서 팩 밸런싱 타겟 전압보다 전압이 높은 배터리 셀을 식별하고, 식별된 배터리 셀과 연결된 방전 회로를 동작시켜 팩 전압 편차를 상기 제1임계값 이하로 감소시키고,상기 팩 전압 편차가 제1임계값 이하가 되면 셀 전압 편차가 제2임계값을 초과하는 배터리 팩을 식별하고, 식별된 배터리 팩에 포함된 배터리 셀들의 전압 중에서 미리 설정된 기준에 대응되는 셀 전압을 식별된 배터리 팩에 대한 셀 밸런싱 타겟 전압으로 결정하고, 식별된 배터리 팩에 포함된 배터리 셀들 중에서 셀 밸런싱 타겟 전압보다 전압이 높은 배터리 셀과 연결된 방전 회로를 동작시켜 셀 전압 편차를 상기 제2임계값 이하로 감소시키도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 병렬 연결된 배터리 팩의 밸런싱 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,각각의 방전 회로는 스위치와 저항을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 병렬 연결된 배터리 팩의 밸런싱 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어 유닛은, 상기 팩 전압 편차가 제1임계값 이하이고 각 배터리 팩의 셀 전압 편차가 제2임계값 이하이면 팩 밸런싱과 셀 밸런싱을 중단하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 병렬 연결된 배터리 팩의 밸런싱 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어 유닛은, 병렬 연결된 배터리 팩의 충방전 사이클 수가 증가함에 따라서 상기 제1임계값 및 상기 제2임계값을 감소시키도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 병렬 연결된 배터리 팩의 밸런싱 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,각 배터리 팩으로 유입되는 인-러쉬 전류를 측정하는 전류 측정 유닛을 더 포함하고,상기 제어 유닛은 상기 전류 측정 유닛을 이용하여 각 배터리 팩으로 유입되는 인-러쉬 전류를 측정하여 인-러쉬 전류의 최대값을 결정하고, 인-러쉬 전류의 최대값의 레벨에 따라 상기 제1임계값 및 상기 제2임계값을 감소시키도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 병렬 연결된 배터리 팩의 밸런싱 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어 유닛은, 상기 팩 전압 편차가 제1임계값을 초과하면 상기 제1 내지 제n배터리 팩에 포함된 전체 셀 전압들 중에서 가장 낮은 셀 전압 또는 전체 셀 전압들의 평균 셀 전압을 팩 밸런싱 타겟 전압으로 결정하도록 구성된 것을 특징을 하는 병렬 연결된 배터리 팩의 밸런싱 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어 유닛은, 상기 팩 전압 편차가 제1임계값 이하가 되면 셀 전압 편차가 제2임계값을 초과하는 배터리 팩을 식별하고, 식별된 배터리 팩에 포함된 배터리 셀들의 전압 중 가장 낮은 셀 전압 또는 평균 셀 전압을 상기 식별된 배터리 팩에 대한 셀 밸런싱 타겟 전압으로 결정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 병렬 연결된 배터리 팩의 밸런싱 장치.
- 제1항에 따른 병렬 연결된 배터리 팩의 밸런싱 장치를 포함하는 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제1항에 따른 병렬 연결된 배터리 팩의 밸런싱 장치를 포함하는 전기 구동 장치.
- (a) 일정한 시간 간격을 두고 전압 측정 유닛을 통해 복수의 배터리 팩에 포함된 모든 배터리 셀들의 전압을 측정하는 단계;(b) 상기 측정된 배터리 셀들의 전압으로부터 각 배터리 팩의 팩 전압을 결정하는 단계;(c) 팩 전압 편차와 각 배터리 팩의 셀 전압 편차를 결정하는 단계;(d) 상기 팩 전압 편차가 제1임계값을 초과하면 상기 복수의 배터리 팩에 포함된 전체 셀 전압들 중에서 미리 설정된 기준에 대응되는 셀 전압을 팩 밸런싱 타겟 전압으로 결정하고, 각 배터리 팩에 포함된 배터리 셀들 중에서 팩 밸런싱 타겟 전압보다 전압이 높은 배터리 셀을 식별하고, 식별된 배터리 셀과 연결된 방전 회로를 동작시켜 팩 전압 편차를 상기 제1임계값 이하로 감소시키는 단계; 및(e) 상기 팩 전압 편차가 제1임계값 이하이면 셀 전압 편차가 제2임계값을 초과하는 배터리 팩을 식별하고, 식별된 배터리 팩에 포함된 배터리 셀들의 전압 중에서 미리 설정된 기준에 대응되는 셀 전압을 식별된 배터리 팩에 대한 셀 밸런싱 타겟 전압으로 결정하고, 식별된 배터리 팩에 포함된 배터리 셀들 중에서 셀 밸런싱 타겟 전압보다 전압이 높은 배터리 셀과 연결된 방전 회로를 동작시켜 셀 전압 편차를 상기 제1임계값 이하로 감소시키는 단계;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 병렬 연결된 배터리 팩의 밸런싱 방법.
- 제10에 있어서,상기 팩 전압 편차가 제1임계값 이하이고 각 배터리 팩의 셀 전압 편차가 제2임계값 이하이면 팩 밸런싱과 셀 밸런싱 동작을 중단하는 단계;를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 병렬 연결된 배터리 팩의 밸런싱 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,병렬 연결된 배터리 팩의 충방전 사이클 수가 증가함에 따라서 상기 제1임계값 및 상기 제2임계값을 감소시키는 단계;를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 병렬 연결된 배터리 팩의 밸런싱 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,전류 측정 유닛을 이용하여 각 배터리 팩으로 유입되는 인-러쉬 전류를 측정하는 단계; 및인-러쉬 전류의 최대값을 결정하고, 인-러쉬 전류의 최대값의 레벨에 따라 상기 제1임계값 및 상기 제2임계값을 감소시키는 단계;를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 병렬 연결된 배터리 팩의 밸런싱 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 (d) 단계에서, 상기 팩 전압 편차가 제1임계값을 초과하면 상기 제1 내지 제n배터리 팩에 포함된 전체 셀 전압들 중에서 가장 낮은 셀 전압 또는 전체 셀 전압들의 평균 셀 전압을 팩 밸런싱 타겟 전압으로 결정하는 것을 특징을 하는 병렬 연결된 배터리 팩의 밸런싱 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 (e) 단계에서, 상기 팩 전압 편차가 제1임계값 이하가 되면 셀 전압 편차가 제2임계값을 초과하는 배터리 팩을 식별하고, 식별된 배터리 팩에 포함된 배터리 셀들의 전압 중 가장 낮은 셀 전압 또는 평균 셀 전압을 상기 식별된 배터리 팩에 대한 셀 밸런싱 타겟 전압으로 결정하는 것을 특징으로 하는 병렬 연결된 배터리 팩의 밸런싱 방법.
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- 2020-10-22 CN CN202080031845.0A patent/CN113875113B/zh active Active
- 2020-10-22 EP EP20878410.8A patent/EP3982507B1/en active Active
- 2020-10-22 WO PCT/KR2020/014528 patent/WO2021080358A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2020-10-22 US US17/435,326 patent/US12081048B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113875113A (zh) | 2021-12-31 |
| CN113875113B (zh) | 2024-02-27 |
| US20220140620A1 (en) | 2022-05-05 |
| US12081048B2 (en) | 2024-09-03 |
| EP3982507A1 (en) | 2022-04-13 |
| JP7107495B2 (ja) | 2022-07-27 |
| EP3982507B1 (en) | 2025-10-08 |
| EP3982507A4 (en) | 2022-11-02 |
| JP2022516947A (ja) | 2022-03-03 |
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