WO2021060127A1 - リポポリサッカライドの製造方法 - Google Patents
リポポリサッカライドの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021060127A1 WO2021060127A1 PCT/JP2020/035204 JP2020035204W WO2021060127A1 WO 2021060127 A1 WO2021060127 A1 WO 2021060127A1 JP 2020035204 W JP2020035204 W JP 2020035204W WO 2021060127 A1 WO2021060127 A1 WO 2021060127A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/04—Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/26—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism
- B01D15/32—Bonded phase chromatography
- B01D15/325—Reversed phase
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/281—Sorbents specially adapted for preparative, analytical or investigative chromatography
- B01J20/286—Phases chemically bonded to a substrate, e.g. to silica or to polymers
- B01J20/287—Non-polar phases; Reversed phases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing lipopolysaccharide.
- Lipopolysaccharide (hereinafter, also referred to as LPS) is a complex compound consisting of lipids and sugars present on the outer membrane surrounding peptidoglycan on the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Bordetella pertussis, and is an endotoxin (endotoxin). ) Is known as an active ingredient (Non-Patent Document 1).
- the basic structure of the LPS is composed of three components: lipid A having a specific lipid, an oligosaccharide covalently bound to the lipid A, and an O-specific polysaccharide (Non-Patent Document 2). It is known that the structure of LPS differs depending on the type of bacteria from which it is derived.
- LPS is known as endotoxin and is known to activate immune system cells and raise inflammatory cytokines. Recently, the function of LPS to activate immune system cells has attracted attention. Therefore, innate immunity research using LPS and research on biological defense function have been actively conducted. Among them, LPS derived from Pantoea has abundant eating experience in humans, and it has been reported that it can be used for health foods, vaccine adjuvants, pharmaceuticals, etc., and can be said to be a particularly useful LPS.
- This method includes precipitation of LPS by addition of acetone and water, and recovery of LPS by centrifugation or filtration (Non-Patent Document 3). Further, in the SAN method, after extraction with an aqueous solution of trichloroacetic acid, extraction with an aqueous solution of phenol is performed to obtain LPS (Non-Patent Document 4). The Chen method also includes a series of methanol sedimentation steps following LPS extraction with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (CM) (Non-Patent Document 5).
- CM chloroform and methanol
- solvent mixtures phenol, chloroform, petroleum ether, trichloroacetic acid, etc.
- Chloroform is also used in the extraction process in the Chen method, which poses environmental, health and safety concerns, and the Chen method produces a CM phase rich in LPS-phospholipids, which is sufficient. Multiple settling steps are required to obtain pure LPS, which requires manufacturing time and cost.
- Patent Document 1 alcohol, an organic solvent and water are used in place of the solvent mixture (PCP) of phenol, chloroform and petroleum ether used in the Galanos method in the step of extracting LPS from Gram-negative bacteria.
- PCP solvent mixture
- an organic solvent that can be selected from the group of chloroform, alkane, toluene and petroleum ether is used as the organic solvent, and there are environmental, health and safety concerns in this production method as well. Yes, it is not suitable for large-scale production.
- the conventional LPS manufacturing method includes a manufacturing process having a large burden on the environment and occupational health.
- the conventional LPS manufacturing method has a risk of environmental conservation in addition to the risk of occupational health management of work environment management, work management and health management.
- the LPS manufacturing facility requires the above-mentioned risk countermeasure equipment, and the manufacturing cost has also increased.
- Pantoea (hereinafter, also referred to as Pantoea) -derived LPS, which is useful for health foods, vaccine adjuvants, and pharmaceuticals, has been reported to have various usefulness as described above, and demand is expected to increase. Is done. Therefore, there has been a particular demand for the development of a production method suitable for large-scale production without using an organic solvent in the extraction process.
- a method for producing LPS derived from Pantoea there is only a report of a method combining extraction with hot phenol and purification of an anion exchange column (Non-Patent Document 6), and since this method also uses phenol, it is a large scale. There were health and safety concerns in producing.
- Patent Document 2 As an example in which a harmful organic solvent is not used, in Patent Document 2, hot water extraction is performed for acetobacter, gluconic acid, xanthomonas, zymomonas, or Enterobacter. Is disclosed. However, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) obtained by the production method contains a large amount of impurities other than LPS and is merely an extraction operation for obtaining an extract having low LPS purity, and cannot be said to be a practical production method of LPS. Further, Patent Document 2 separately discloses a method for producing LPS, which is a method combining hot phenol extraction and nucleolytic enzyme treatment. That is, Patent Document 2 does not disclose or suggest a method for producing LPS without using a harmful organic solvent.
- LPS lipopolysaccharide
- the extracted and purified product of LPS is usually a mixture of a low molecular weight component and a high molecular weight component, and when the proportion of the low molecular weight LPS is increased, the safety is enhanced and the physiological activity (cytokine inducing ability) is also improved. It has been reported (Patent Document 3, Non-Patent Document 7). Therefore, there has been a demand for LPS containing a larger amount of low molecular weight LPS than LPS produced by the conventional method and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention is a method for producing lipopolysaccharide by extracting and purifying lipopolysaccharide from a gram-negative bacterium, and by extracting the gram-negative bacterium with hot water, an extract containing the lipopolysaccharide can be obtained.
- the reverse phase liquid chromatography comprises a first step of obtaining and a second step of obtaining lipopolysaccharide by purifying the extract or a solution containing LPS in the extract using reverse phase liquid chromatography.
- the reversed-phase column in the imaging is a method for producing lipopolysaccharide, which comprises a filler composed of a material having a functional group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the filler is preferably composed of a material having a functional group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the filler is preferably composed of a material having a functional group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the filler is preferably composed of a material having a functional group having 4 carbon atoms.
- the functional group is preferably an alkyl group.
- the temperature of the hot water in the first step is preferably 50 to 150 ° C.
- the temperature of the hot water in the first step is preferably 50 to 99 ° C.
- the temperature of the hot water in the first step is preferably 70 to 99 ° C.
- the temperature of the hot water in the first step is preferably 85 to 95 ° C.
- the Gram-negative bacterium is preferably selected from the group consisting of the genus Escherichia, the genus Salmonella, the genus Pantoea, the genus Acetobacter, the genus Zymomonas, the genus Xanthomonas and the genus Enterobacter, and the genus Roseomonas and the genus Rhodobactor.
- the Gram-negative bacteria preferably belong to the genus Pantoea.
- the present invention is also a lipopolysaccharide produced by the production method of the present invention. Further, the lipopolysaccharide of the present invention is preferably obtained from the above-mentioned Gram-negative bacteria.
- the lipopolysaccharides of the present invention are low molecular weight lipopolysaccharide having a molecular weight of 2000 to 20000 measured by the SDS-PAGE method and high molecular weight lipo having a molecular weight of more than 20000 and 100,000 or less measured by the SDS-PAGE method.
- the content of the low molecular weight lipopolysaccharide is 80% or more with respect to the total amount of the low molecular weight lipopolysaccharide and the high molecular weight lipopolysaccharide including polysaccharide.
- the lipopolysaccharide of the present invention is obtained by dividing the lipopolysaccharide quantitative value (E) by the ELISA method by the lipopolysaccharide quantitative value (L) by the Limulus test (endpoint-colorimetric method) (E / L ratio). ) Is preferably 1.0 or less.
- E lipopolysaccharide quantitative value
- L lipopolysaccharide quantitative value
- the method for producing lipopolysaccharide of the present invention it is possible to provide a method for producing lipopolysaccharide that contributes to occupational health and environmental protection and is suitable for large-scale production.
- Contribution to the above-mentioned occupational health and environmental conservation means that lipopolysaccharide can be extracted without using an organic solvent having a high environmental load, which poses environmental, health and safety risks. Can be improved.
- the risk of occupational health management of work environment management, work management and health management in addition to the risk of occupational health management of work environment management, work management and health management, the risk of environmental conservation can be reduced, so the above risk countermeasure equipment in the LPS manufacturing facility can be reduced, and the whole Manufacturing cost can be suppressed.
- lipopolysaccharide having high purity and high molecular weight lipopolysaccharide can be obtained, so that it is possible to provide lipopolysaccharide having high safety and physiological activity.
- FIG. 1 is an SDS-PAGE (silver staining method) electrophoresis chart.
- the above-mentioned solvent having a high environmental load is an organic solvent in the first step of obtaining an extract containing LPS, and further, in the entire manufacturing process excluding the first step, chemical substance emission grasp control is performed. It is a substance designated as a Class 1 designated chemical substance in the Acceleration Law and can be used as an organic solvent.
- the high-purity LPS is an LPS in which LPS can be a main component as compared with proteins and nucleic acids, that is, the content of LPS (the content (weight) of proteins and nucleic acids from the weight of the obtained LPS). It means LPS in which (the remaining ratio obtained by subtracting) is 60% by weight or more. Further, in the present specification, "purity” means the purity of LPS and is expressed in% by weight. The purity of LPS is preferably 70% by weight or more, more preferably 80% by weight or more, still more preferably 90% by weight or more.
- low molecular weight lipopolysaccharide (hereinafter, also referred to as low molecular weight LPS) is developed into a constituent component by SDS-PAGE (silver staining method), and the molecular weight obtained by using the protein size marker mobility as an index is obtained.
- high molecular weight lipopolysaccharide (hereinafter, also referred to as high molecular weight LPS) is an LPS having a molecular weight of more than 20000 and 100,000 or less obtained by the above measurement.
- LPS containing a high content of low molecular weight lipopolysaccharide is from one that does not substantially contain high molecular weight lipopolysaccharide (high molecular weight LPS) to a high content even if it contains high molecular weight LPS. It means that the content of the low molecular weight LPS with respect to the total of the molecular weight LPS and the low molecular weight LPS is 80% or more. LPS having a low molecular weight LPS content of 80% or more of the total of the high molecular weight LPS and the low molecular weight LPS has a higher content of the low molecular weight LPS as compared with the LPS purified by the conventional method.
- LPS is developed into components by SDS-PAGE (silver staining method), the molecular weight is determined using the protein size marker mobility as an index, and the total image brightness of SDS-PAGE images (after silver staining) is used.
- SDS-PAGE silver staining method
- the content of the constituents was determined, LPS containing low molecular weight lipopolysaccharide having a molecular weight of 2000 to 20000 and high molecular weight lipopolysaccharide having a molecular weight of more than 20000 and 100,000 or less was subjected to silver staining by SDS-PAGE.
- the content of the low molecular weight lipopolysaccharide is 80% or more with respect to the total amount of the low molecular weight lipopolysaccharide and the high molecular weight lipopolysaccharide.
- LPS having a low molecular weight LPS content of 80% or more is referred to as LPS having a high molecular weight LPS content.
- the yield of lipopolysaccharide applicable to large-scale production means lipopolysaccharide having a yield of 4 g or more of lipopolysaccharide produced from 1 kg of bacterial cell pellets.
- the yield of lipopolysaccharide produced from 1 kg of bacterial cell pellets can be measured by using an HPLC method.
- ABS means "A or more and B or less”.
- the method for producing lipopolysaccharide is a method for producing lipopolysaccharide that extracts and purifies lipopolysaccharide from a gram-negative bacterium, and by extracting the gram-negative bacterium with hot water.
- the reverse phase column in the reverse phase liquid chromatography including the steps is characterized by having a filler composed of a material having a functional group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- LPS may be an extract from the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall or a variant thereof, or may be a synthetic product.
- the LPS obtained by the method for producing LPS of the present invention is an extract and purified product from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria.
- Examples of the gram-negative bacteria include Escherichia, Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, Vibrio, Haemophilus, Pseudomonas, Legionella, Borderella, Brucella , Plesiomonas genus, Prophyromonas spp., Pantoea sp., Agrobacterium sp., Stenortophomonas spp., Serratia spp., Leclercia genus, Rahnella genus, Acidicaldus genus, Acidiphilium genus, Acidisphaera genus, Acidocella genus, Acidomonas genus, Asaia genus, Belnapia genus, Craurococcus genus, Gluconacetobacter genus, Gluconobacter genus, Kozakia genus, Leahibacter genus, Muricoccus genus, Neoasaia genus, Ole
- Gram-negative bacteria are selected from the genus Escherichia, the genus Salmonella, the genus Pantoea (Pantoea), the genus Acetobacter, the genus Zymomonas, the genus Xanthomonas, the genus Enterobacter, the genus Roseomonas, and the genus Rhodobac. It is preferable to have. This is because they have been contained in many foods and Chinese herbs since ancient times, and their safety to the living body is guaranteed. In particular, Pantoea is currently used as a health food, and LPS extracted and purified from the genus Pantoea can be said to be safer and more effective for its use.
- Gram-negative bacteria are more preferably of the genus Pantoea.
- the production method of the present invention provides a production method that contributes to occupational health and environmental conservation in the production of Pantoea-derived LPS, for which demand is expected to increase, and Pantoea-derived LPS having high purity and high content of low molecular weight LPS. it can.
- the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is denatured and removed, and LPS in the cell wall and intracellular proteins and nucleic acids of Gram-negative bacteria are extracted. Then, an extract containing LPS is obtained.
- the temperature of the hot water in the first step is preferably 50 to 150 ° C. If the temperature of the hot water is higher than 150 ° C, thermal denaturation of the LPS extracted due to the high temperature may occur, and if it is lower than 50 ° C, the cell wall of the Gram-negative bacteria is denatured. This is because LPS may not be sufficiently extracted.
- the temperature of the hot water is more preferably 50 to 130 ° C., further preferably 50 to 99 ° C., even more preferably 70 to 99 ° C., and most preferably 85 to 95 ° C. This is because LPS can be extracted efficiently. This is also because extraction at normal pressure is possible.
- the time for extracting with the hot water is preferably 10 to 120 minutes. This is because if the extraction time exceeds 120 minutes, thermal decomposition of LPS may occur, and if it is less than 10 minutes, LPS may not be sufficiently extracted.
- the optimum conditions for the temperature and time of hot water extraction in the first step can be appropriately selected from the above-mentioned hot water temperature and extraction time depending on the type of Gram-negative bacteria used.
- the hot water temperature and the extraction time in the extraction of LPS can be appropriately selected within the above ranges, but the conditions of 70 to 99 ° C. for 10 to 120 minutes are more preferable. Extracts hot water at 85 to 95 ° C. for 20 to 30 minutes.
- the hot water extraction in the first step may be carried out only once, or may be carried out a plurality of times at the same temperature or different temperatures.
- the water used in the hot water extraction is not particularly limited, and water normally used in this field can be used.
- hot water extraction can be carried out using methods and devices generally used in the present technology, and can be carried out under normal pressure, reduced pressure or pressurization.
- a surfactant, a chelating agent, an organic acid salt, an inorganic salt or the like may be added to the water used for hot water extraction.
- the first step and the second step may be continuously performed, and another step may be performed between the first step and the second step. It may be included.
- the extract obtained in the first step is purified in the second step.
- the solution containing LPS in the extract obtained in the first step is purified in the second step.
- steps performed between the first step and the second step include, for example, ultrafiltration, enzyme treatment, ethanol precipitation, dialysis, solid phase extraction and the like, and among them, obtained in the first step. It is preferable to perform ultrafiltration on the obtained extract. Reverse-phase liquid chromatography in the second step by concentrating the LPS in the extract by performing ultrafiltration and at the same time removing impurities of low molecular weight (those that pass through the ultrafiltration membrane 200,000 daltons). This is because purification using the above can be performed efficiently.
- the extract obtained in the first step is preferably ultrafiltered once or multiple times. Since LPS forms micelles and has a large apparent molecular weight, the molecular weight does not directly correspond to the molecular weight of the cutoff value of the ultrafiltration membrane described above.
- the ultrafiltration membrane used in the above ultrafiltration has a cut-off molecular weight. It is 5,000 to 200,000 daltons, preferably 8,000 to 100,000 daltons. More preferably, it is 10,000 to 50,000 daltons.
- the molecular weight cut-off is a term representing the membrane properties defined in JIS K 3802 (membrane term).
- the reverse phase column of the reverse phase liquid chromatography used in the second step has a filler composed of a material having a functional group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- a reverse phase column having a filler composed of a material having a functional group having a specific carbon number other than LPS remaining in the extract obtained in the first step or the solution containing LPS in the extract. This is because impurities can be removed and LPS with higher purity can be purified. Further, it is possible to purify LPS having a low molecular weight and a high content of LPS.
- the filler is preferably composed of a material having a functional group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably composed of a material having a functional group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and having 4 carbon atoms. It is more preferably composed of a material having a functional group.
- the functional group is preferably an alkyl group. This is because impurities other than LPS remaining in the extract obtained in the first step can be removed to purify LPS with higher purity. Further, it is possible to sufficiently purify LPS while suppressing the cost of the equipment used in the production method of the present invention.
- the filler is preferably composed of a material having an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably composed of a material having an alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. It is more preferably composed of a material having an alkyl group of 4, and most preferably composed of a material having an alkyl group having 4 carbon atoms. That is, the filler is most preferably composed of a material having a butyl group.
- the material (base material) constituting the filler is preferably silica gel. This is because impurities other than LPS remaining in the extract obtained in the first step can be removed to purify LPS with higher purity. Further, it is possible to sufficiently purify LPS while suppressing the cost of the equipment used in the production method of the present invention.
- the filler is preferably silica gel having a functional group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably silica gel having a functional group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and having a functional group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Silica gel is more preferable, and silica gel having a functional group having 4 carbon atoms is most preferable.
- the material (base material) constituting the filler is preferably silica gel having an alkyl group. This is because impurities other than LPS remaining in the extract obtained in the first step can be removed to purify LPS with higher purity. Further, it is possible to sufficiently purify LPS while suppressing the cost of the equipment used in the production method of the present invention.
- the filler is preferably silica gel having an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably silica gel having an alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and having an alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Silica gel is more preferable, and silica gel having an alkyl group having 4 carbon atoms is most preferable. That is, the filler is most preferably silica gel having a butyl group.
- the filler preferably has an alkyl group as a functional group and silica gel as a material, and a configuration in which the above configurations are appropriately combined can be adopted.
- the second step may include a pretreatment for the extract obtained in the first step or a solution containing LPS in the extract, which is treated by reverse phase liquid chromatography.
- a pretreatment an operation suitable for separation by reverse phase liquid chromatography, which is usually used in this field, can be performed. Specifically, a surfactant is added to the extract obtained in the first step or the solution containing LPS in the extract, solubilization treatment of LPS is performed, and this is purified by reverse phase liquid chromatography. You may do it. This is because the efficiency of separation by reverse phase liquid chromatography can be improved.
- the second step preferably includes the solubilization treatment described above as a pretreatment for reverse phase liquid chromatography.
- the above-mentioned surfactant is preferably an ionic surfactant. This is because the solubilization effect of LPS is high.
- the ionic surfactant is not particularly limited, and for example, an alkylammonium salt, a bile acid, a fusidic acid, an amino acid, an oligopeptide or a fatty acid conjugate of a polypeptide, an amino acid, a glyceride ester of an oligopeptide, a glyceride ester of a polypeptide, etc.
- Acyllactilate monoglyceride monoacetylated tartrate ester, monoglyceride diacetylated tartrate ester, diglyceride monoacetylated tartrate ester, diglyceride diacetylated tartrate ester, succinylated monoglyceride, monoglyceride citrate ester, diglyceride citrate ester, Examples thereof include alginic acid, propylene glycol alginate, lecithin, hydride lecithin, lysolecithin, hydride lysolecithin, lysophospholipids, phospholipids, alkylsulfate salts, fatty acids, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof. Bile acids and / or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are preferred. This is because the solubilizing effect of LPS is particularly high.
- Examples of the bile acid and its pharmacologically acceptable salt include chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), ursodeoxycholic acid deoxycholic acid (UDCA), cholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, glucolic acid, and glycolic acid. , Glycodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, tauro-24,25-sodium dihydro-fushidic acid, glycodihydrofushidic acid, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof (eg, sodium salt), etc. Can be mentioned.
- the surfactant is preferably deoxycholic acid and / or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.
- the surfactant is preferably deoxycholic acid and / or a salt thereof. This is because the solubilizing effect of LPS is particularly high.
- the concentration of the extract after the first step or the solution containing LPS in the extract is adjusted and the pH is adjusted.
- Various pretreatments such as adjustment, ion intensity adjustment, addition of organic solvent, filtration, dialysis, etc., which are generally performed on a sample solution of reverse phase liquid chromatography, may be appropriately performed. This is because the efficiency of separation by reverse phase liquid chromatography can be improved.
- the second step may include post-treatment of the separation liquid containing LPS obtained by using reverse phase liquid chromatography.
- an operation suitable for the separation liquid of reverse phase liquid chromatography can be performed, and as the operation suitable for the separation liquid, a separation liquid treatment usually used in the technical field to which the present invention belongs is appropriately combined.
- distillation and / or ultrafiltration it is preferable to perform distillation and / or ultrafiltration, and it is more preferable to perform distillation and ultrafiltration. This is because impurities contained in the mobile phase of the reverse phase liquid chromatography in the second step can be removed.
- the method for producing LPS in one embodiment of the present invention may include a step of concentrating LPS purified in the second step and a step of washing.
- the concentration step and the washing step can be carried out by appropriately combining treatments usually used in the technical field to which the present invention belongs.
- the method for producing LPS in one embodiment of the present invention may include a step (drying step) of drying the LPS purified in the second step.
- the LPS purified in the second step often contains a volatile organic solvent contained in the mobile phase of the reverse phase liquid chromatography in the second step and a solvent such as water. Therefore, in the drying step, a step of removing the volatile organic solvent contained in the mobile phase of the reverse phase liquid chromatography in the second step by a dry distillation method (evaporation) (organic solvent removing step) and / or freeze-drying. It is desirable to include a step of completely removing a solvent such as water (solvent removal step). By having such a drying step, the handleability of LPS can be improved.
- the above-mentioned method for producing LPS of the present invention can be suitably used for large-scale production.
- the yield of LPS obtained from the method for producing LPS of the present invention is preferably 4 g or more of lipopolysaccharide produced from 1 kg of cell pellets of Gram-negative bacteria.
- the LPS obtained from the method for producing LPS of the present invention can be quantified by using an HPLC method.
- the present invention is a lipopolysaccharide produced by the production method of the present invention described above.
- the lipopolysaccharide produced by the production method of the present invention is a high-purity LPS having a purity of 60% by weight or more, preferably a purity of 70% by weight or more, and a purity of 80% by weight or more. Is more preferable, and the purity is further preferably 90% by weight or more.
- lipopolysaccharide is preferably made from the Gram-negative bacteria described above.
- the Gram-negative bacterium is selected from the group consisting of Escherichia, Salmonella, Pantoea, Acetobacter, Zymomonas, Xanthomonas and Enterobacter, Roseomonas and Rhodobactor, preferably from the Pantoea group. It is more preferably a genus. This is because they have been contained in many foods and Chinese herbs since ancient times, and their safety to the living body is guaranteed.
- Pantoea is currently used as a health food, and LPS extracted and purified from the genus Pantoea can be said to be safer and more effective for its use.
- Lipopolysaccharides which are another embodiment of the present invention, are low molecular weight lipopolysaccharide having a molecular weight of 2000 to 20000 measured by the SDS-PAGE method, and lipopolysaccharide having a molecular weight of more than 20000 and 100,000 or less measured by the SDS-PAGE method. It is preferable that the content of the low molecular weight lipopolysaccharide is 80% or more with respect to the total amount of the low molecular weight lipopolysaccharide and the high molecular weight lipopolysaccharide including a certain high molecular weight lipopolysaccharide. LPS having a low molecular weight LPS content of 80% or more is extremely safe and has excellent biological activity, and is particularly useful.
- the molecular weight of LPS is a value obtained by developing the constituent components by SDS-PAGE (silver staining method) and determining the molecular weight using the mobility of the protein size marker as an index.
- the content ratio of low molecular weight LPS to high molecular weight LPS is a value obtained by determining the content of constituent components based on the total image brightness of SDS-PAGE images (after silver staining).
- the lipopolysaccharide which is another embodiment of the present invention, is obtained by dividing the lipopolysaccharide quantitative value (E) by the ELISA method by the lipopolysaccharide quantitative value (L) by the Limulus test (endpoint-colorimetric method) (L).
- the E / L ratio is preferably 1.0 or less.
- the E / L ratio is a value larger than 0.
- the lipopolysaccharide quantified value (E) by the ELISA method and the lipopolysaccharide quantified value (L) by the Limulus test (endpoint-colorimetric method) are measured by, for example, the following methods.
- the quantification of LPS by the ELISA method is performed in the sample by the ELISA method using, for example, a sugar chain-specific antibody of the LPS to be measured (for example, IP-PA1 sugar chain-specific antibody, manufactured by Natural Immunology Applied Giken Co., Ltd.). It is determined by measuring the LPS content (E) ( ⁇ g / mg). Specifically, the ELISA measurement can be performed by the following procedure.
- 34-G2 immobilized antibody: antibody against O antigen polysaccharide of Lot.201107-7, IP-PA1 manufactured by Natural Immunology Applied Giken Co., Ltd.
- PBS PBS
- LPS concentration ( ⁇ g / mL) in the sample solution from the absorbance of the sample solution.
- LPS content in sample (E) ( ⁇ g / mg) by dividing the LPS concentration in the sample solution by the sample concentration in the sample solution (mg / mL) (calculated from the sample weighing value and solution volume at the time of preparation).
- Ask for. The detection limit of the ELISA method by this measurement method is 1.6 ng / mL.
- the quantification of LPS by the Limulus test is determined by measuring the LPS content (L) ( ⁇ g / mg) in the sample using, for example, an LPS-specifically measurable Limulus measurement kit. Specifically, the Limulus test can be performed by the following procedure.
- LPS quantification method by Limulus test endpoint-colorimetric method
- endpoint-colorimetric method A sample to be measured by the endpoint-colorimetric method using a microplate using an LPS-specific measurable Limulus measurement kit (for example, Endospecy ES-50M set, manufactured by Seikagaku Corporation) according to the attached instructions.
- the LPS content (L) ( ⁇ g / mg) in the LPS is measured.
- CSE (10 ng / vial) (manufactured by Seikagaku Corporation) is used as an endotoxin standard product.
- the ratio (E / L ratio) can be determined based on the LPS content (E and L) determined by the above two methods.
- the LPS is structurally composed of an O-antigen polysaccharide, a core polysaccharide, and a lipid A moiety.
- the molecular weight of the lipid A portion in one molecule of LPS does not differ significantly between the LPS types.
- the molecular weight of the core polysaccharide portion in one molecule of LPS is also not significantly different between LPS types.
- the O-antigen polysaccharide moiety in the LPS molecule has a repeating structure, and the degree of repetition varies greatly depending on the LPS type.
- the molecular weight of the O-antigen polysaccharide portion differs depending on the type of LPS, and the molecular weight of the LPS differs.
- the molecular weight of LPS is large, and when the number of repetitions of the O-antigen polysaccharide moiety is small, the molecular weight of LPS is small.
- LPS extracted from Gram-negative bacteria is usually a mixture of LPS having different molecular weights.
- the amount of LPS (E) measured by the ELISA method is the amount of LPS determined based on the amount of the antibody that recognizes and binds to the O antigen polysaccharide in the LPS structure. If the number of repetitions of the O-antigen polysaccharide in the LPS structure is small, or if there is no O-antigen polysaccharide (that is, if the molecular weight of LPS is small), an antibody binding site of sufficient size cannot be secured in the LPS molecule. The antibody cannot bind to LPS, and the measured value of the amount of LPS by the ELISA method becomes a small value.
- the amount of LPS (L) measured in the Limulus test is the amount of LPS determined based on the reaction activity of the lipid A structure in the LPS structure, and therefore, regardless of the proportion or presence of O antigen polysaccharide in the LPS structure. , The measured value corresponding to the number of moles of LPS in the measurement sample is obtained. Therefore, when a constant mass LPS sample (mixture of LPS having different molecular weights) is measured by the ELISA method and the endotoxin method to determine the LPS content (E and L), if the E / L ratio is large, it is included in the measurement sample. LPS means that a large amount of LPS having a large molecular weight is contained, and if the E / L ratio is small, it means that LPS contained in the measurement sample contains a large amount of one having a small molecular weight.
- the LPS obtained by the production method of the present invention preferably has the above (E / L ratio) of more than 0 and 1.0 or less. As a result, such LPS has a higher content ratio of low molecular weight LPS as compared with LPS (IP-PA1) produced by the conventional method.
- LPS LPS having high lipophilicity (LPS having a small amount of hydrophilic sugar chains and a high proportion of lipid A moiety) is produced. , It is highly probable that it was selectively recovered. That is, LPS containing a low molecular weight LPS and a high content can be produced by including a purification step by reverse phase chromatography. Therefore, since the low molecular weight LPS has a high content, LPS having high safety and physiological activity (cytokine inducing ability) can be obtained.
- Preculture 100 mL each of preculture culture medium (LB medium: 1% trypton (Nacalai Tesque, special reagent for microbial culture), 0.5% yeast extract (Nacalai Tesque, microbial culture) in 250 mL baffle flasks (10) ), 1% sodium chloride (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., special grade)) was dispensed and sterilized in an autoclave (HV-50 manufactured by HIRAYAMA) at 121 ° C. for 15 minutes.
- HV-50 manufactured by HIRAYAMA autoclave
- 10% magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., special grade) was aseptically added to the above main culture medium so as to be 0.04%. Further, 500 mL of the above preculture solution was aseptically poured and inoculated to carry out the main culture.
- the conditions for the main culture were a culture temperature of 30 ° C., a stirring speed of 300 rpm, an aeration rate of 18 to 20 L / min, and a pH of 6.8 to 7.2.
- the culture solution was collected 16 hours after the start of the culture. Two sets of the above-mentioned main culture operations of the 10 L medium scale were carried out in parallel, and they were homogenized (mixed) and then subjected to the next cell recovery operation.
- the above homogenized main culture solution is transferred to a 1 L centrifuge tube (20 tubes), centrifuged at 4 ° C., 8000 rpm, and 20 minutes (high-speed cooling centrifuge: 7780 manufactured by KUBOTA), and then the supernatant is prepared. It was removed and the bacterial cell pellets were collected as a precipitate (total amount of bacterial cell pellets 260 g). The obtained bacterial cell pellet was cryopreserved at ⁇ 30 ° C.
- LPS was extracted and purified by the method of Example or Comparative Example for the cell pellet (cryopreserved product) of Pantoea agglomerance obtained by the above method.
- Hot water extraction 78 g of Pantair agglomerans cell pellets obtained by the above-mentioned preparation operation for Gram-negative bacteria (Pantoea) is added to 400 mL of water for injection (manufactured by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory) and suspended. It became cloudy.
- a pH meter LAQUA manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd.
- the pH of the suspension was 6.0, so sodium hydroxide (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) (10N) was added to neutralize the suspension. did. Then, it was heated at 90 ° C.
- Ultrafiltration treatment 15 mL of the above hot water extract is added to an ultrafiltration tube (Amicon Ultracentrifugal filter units) having a molecular weight cut-off of 30 kda, and centrifuged (7000 rpm ⁇ 30 minutes) to form an ultrafiltration membrane. A concentrated solution containing LPS on the non-permeated side was obtained. Further, 15 mL of water for injection was added to the concentrated solution, and centrifugation was performed in the same manner to wash the concentrated solution. The same washing was repeated 5 more times, and the concentrated solution after washing was collected, water for injection was added and scalpel-up was performed to obtain a 15 mL ultrafiltered suspension.
- an ultrafiltration tube Anagonal filter units having a molecular weight cut-off of 30 kda
- Example 2 Hot water extraction + C4 reverse phase HPLC
- the hot water extract obtained through the step [1] of Example 1 was used.
- Step [2] Ultrafiltration treatment performed in Example 1 was not performed.
- Step [3] of Example 1 Except that 1 mL of the suspension after extraction with hot water was used instead of 1 mL of the ultrafiltered suspension used in the pretreatment (solubilization treatment) for chromatographic purification. The same operation as in Step [3] of Example 1 was carried out to obtain about 3.5 mL of the solubilized solution.
- the obtained solubilized solution is subjected to the same steps as in Step [4] Chromatographic Purification, [5] Chromatographic Purification Post-treatment (Organic Solvent Removal and Concentration), and [6] Freeze-Drying of Example 1.
- the operation was carried out to obtain the LPS according to Example 2 which is the final product.
- TCA trichloroacetic acid
- the upper layer (1st extract) of the centrifuge tube after centrifugation was recovered, and the lower layer was returned to the beaker used for phenol extraction.
- 40 mL of distilled water was added to the beaker, and the mixture was stirred at 68 ° C. for 20 minutes.
- the obtained suspension was transferred to a centrifuge tube and centrifuged at room temperature (7,000 G ⁇ 30 minutes).
- the upper layer (2nd extract) of the centrifuge tube after centrifugation was recovered and combined with the 1st extract to prepare a phenol-extracted aqueous layer solution.
- Comparative Example 2 Hot water extraction + ultrafiltration
- the same operation as in the step [2] of Example 1 was performed to perform an ultrafiltration treatment.
- the suspension obtained by ultrafiltration was 15 mL.
- the obtained critically filtered suspension was subjected to the same operation as in step [6] freeze-drying of Example 1 to obtain LPS according to Comparative Example 2 as a final product.
- ⁇ Maximum treatment concentration of Class 1 designated chemical substances> (Calculation method of maximum treatment concentration of Class 1 designated chemical substances)
- the solvent component A is a (mL)
- the component B is b (mL)
- the component C is c (mL) in each step
- B is a Class 1 designated chemical substance
- the processing concentration is ⁇ b / (a + b + c) ⁇ ⁇ 100 (%).
- the first-class designated chemical substance treatment concentration was calculated in each step adopted in the examples or comparative examples, and the highest one was shown in Table 1 as the first-class designated chemical substance maximum treatment concentration.
- the substances designated as Class I Designated Chemical Substances (Chemical Substance Emission Control Promotion Law) used for the preparation of the sample according to Comparative Example 1 are trichloroacetic acid and phenol, and the maximum treatment of these substances in the manufacturing process.
- the concentrations are shown in Table 1 below.
- the substance designated as the Class 1 Designated Chemical Substance used for the preparation of the samples according to Examples 1 and 2 is triethylamine, and the maximum treatment concentration in the manufacturing process is as follows. It is shown in Table 1.
- LPS purity 94.4%) prepared by the production method of Example 2 was evaluated by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis for the purpose of clarifying the structural characteristics as LPS. Further, the LPS quantitative value (E) by the ELISA method and the LPS quantitative value (L) by the Limulus test (endpoint-colorimetric method) were obtained, and the ratio (E / L ratio) was evaluated. The measurement method and measurement results are described below.
- IP-PA1 standard product is LPS derived from pantoair agglomerans, but the manufacturing method thereof is different from that of the present invention. IP-PA1 was obtained by extracting with hot phenol water and purifying by anion exchange chromatography.
- the size marker (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Precision Plus Protein Dual Extra Standard, molecular weight size: 250, 150, 100, 75, 50, 37, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 2 kDa) buffers 1 ⁇ L of the sample.
- the solution manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, sample buffer (for SDS-PAGE, 2-fold concentration, containing 2-ME)
- 2-ME 2-fold concentration, containing 2-ME
- 20 ⁇ L was applied to the gel.
- the electrophoresis was started at a constant 20 mA, and the electrophoresis was completed when the BPB (marker dye) was migrated to a position 1 cm from the lower end of the separation gel (about 60 minutes).
- the gel plate was removed from the apparatus, and the gel was immersed in a fixative for silver staining.
- the obtained electrophoresis chart is shown in the SDS-PAGE (silver staining method) electrophoresis chart of FIG.
- the vertical axis of FIG. 1 indicates the molecular weight.
- the molecular weight determined based on the protein size marker standard is shown in Table 3 below.
- the molecular weight determined based on the protein size marker standard was 5000 to 20000 for both the IP-PA1 standard product and the LPS of Example 2 in the low molecular weight region band.
- the polymer region band had a narrow distribution of 25,000 to 60,000 for the LPS of Example 2 while the IP-PA1 standard product had a narrow distribution of 20,000 to 70,000.
- the proportion of low molecular weight LPS in the luminance value was 74.9%, whereas the LPS Lot. In 2, 82.3%, Lot. In No. 3, it was 84.6%, indicating that the LPS of Example 2 had a higher ratio of low molecular weight LPS than the IP-PA1 standard product in both lots.
- 34-G2 immobilized antibody: antibody against O antigen polysaccharide of Lot.201107-7, IP-PA1 manufactured by Natural Immunology Applied Giken Co., Ltd.
- PBS PBS
- LPS content in sample (E) ( ⁇ g / mg) by dividing the LPS concentration in the sample solution by the sample concentration in the sample solution (mg / mL) (calculated from the sample weighing value and solution volume at the time of preparation). Asked.
- the detection limit of this ELISA method is 1.6 ng / mL.
- IP-PA1 standard product Lit.4
- LPS of Example 2 Lit.2 and Lot.3
- the measurement results are shown in Table 5 below.
- LPS quantification method by Limulus test (endpoint-colorimetric method)) Using an LPS-specific measurable Limulus measurement kit (End Specy ES-50M set, manufactured by Seikagaku Corporation), sample by the endpoint-colorimetric method using a microplate according to the attached instructions (Example 2).
- CSE (10 ng / vial) (manufactured by Seikagaku Corporation) was used as an endotoxin standard product.
- the measurement results are shown in Table 5 below.
- the ratio (E / L ratio) was determined based on the LPS content (E and L) determined by the above two methods. The results are shown in Table 5 below.
- LPS is a substance of biological origin, it is considered to be a mixture of molecules of different structures and molecular weights. Therefore, it is difficult to clearly define the product of the present invention by the structural formula. Therefore, the characteristics of the manufactured product were clarified by evaluating the characteristic values due to the structure. That is, from the measurement results of SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis, an LPS mixture in which the ratio of low molecular weight LPS to the whole LPS is higher than that of the conventional LPS (IP-PA1) can be obtained by producing by the method of the example. It was confirmed that it was done.
- LPS having high lipophilicity LPS having a small amount of hydrophilic sugar chains and a high proportion of lipid A moiety
- LPS low molecular weight LPS in the entire LPS
- cytokine inducing ability a product having a large proportion of low molecular weight LPS in the entire LPS. And because of its molecular weight distribution, it is an LPS with high safety and physiological activity (cytokine inducing ability).
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Abstract
Description
上記LPSの基本構造は、特異な脂質を有するリピドA、それに共有結合したRコアと呼ばれるオリゴ糖、更にO特異多糖の3成分よりなっている(非特許文献2)。そして、LPSの構造は、由来する菌の種類によって異なることが知られている。
例えば、公知のLPSの製造法として、ガラノス(Galanos)法が知られているが、これは、フェノール、クロロホルム及び石油エーテルの混合物(PCP)によるLPS抽出に続いて、クロロホルム及び石油エーテルの蒸発、アセトン及び水の添加によるLPSの沈殿、並びに遠心又はろ過によるLPSの回収を含む方法である(非特許文献3)。
また、サン(TSANG)法では、トリクロロ酢酸水溶液による抽出の後に、フェノール水溶液による抽出を行って、LPSを得ている(非特許文献4)。
また、チェン(Chen)法はクロロホルム及びメタノールの混合物(CM)によるLPS抽出に続いて、一連のメタノール沈降ステップを含むものである(非特許文献5)。
しかしながら、上記有機溶媒としては、クロロホルム、アルカン、トルエン及び石油エーテルのグループから選択できる有機溶媒が用いられることが開示されており、本製造方法においても、環境上、健康上及び安全上の懸念があり、大規模な生産には不向きである。
上記充填剤は、炭素数が2~6の官能基を有する材料で構成されていることが好ましい。
上記充填剤は、炭素数が2~4の官能基を有する材料で構成されていることが好ましい。
上記充填剤は、炭素数が4の官能基を有する材料で構成されていることが好ましい。
また、上記官能基はアルキル基であることが好ましい。
上記第一工程の熱水の温度が50~150℃であることが好ましい。
上記第一工程の熱水の温度が50~99℃であることが好ましい。
上記第一工程の熱水の温度が70~99℃であることが好ましい。
上記第一工程の熱水の温度が85~95℃であることが好ましい。
上記グラム陰性菌は、Escherichia属、Salmonella属、Pantoea属、Acetobacter属、Zymomonas属、Xanthomonas属及びEnterobacter属、Roseomonas属とRhodobactor属からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。
上記グラム陰性菌は、Pantoea属であることが好ましい。
また、本発明のリポポリサッカライドは、上記グラム陰性菌から得られることが好ましい。
また、本発明のリポポリサッカライドは、SDS-PAGE法で測定した分子量が2000~20000である低分子量リポポリサッカライドと、SDS-PAGE法で測定した分子量が20000より大きく100000以下である高分子量リポポリサッカライドとを含み、上記低分子量リポポリサッカライドと上記高分子量リポポリサッカライドとの合計量に対する、上記低分子量リポポリサッカライドの含有量が80%以上であることが好ましい。
また、本発明のリポポリサッカライドは、ELISA法によるリポポリサッカライド定量値(E)をリムルス試験(エンドポイント-比色法)によるリポポリサッカライド定量値(L)で除した値(E/L比)が1.0以下であることが好ましい。
以下本発明を詳述する。なお、以下の説明において、百分率の表示は特に断りのない限り、重量による値である。
上記労働衛生及び環境保全に寄与するとは、具体的に、環境負荷の高い有機溶媒を用いることなくリポポリサッカライドを抽出することができることであり、これにより、環境上、健康上及び安全上のリスクを改善することができる。また、リポポリサッカライドの製造において、作業環境管理、作業管理及び健康管理の労働衛生管理のリスクに加え、環境保全のリスクを低減できるため、LPSの製造施設における上記リスク対策設備を削減でき、全体的な製造コストを抑制することができる。
さらに、本発明の製造方法によれば、高純度かつ低分子量リポポリサッカライド高含有量のリポポリサッカライドが得られるので、安全性と生理活性の高いリポポリサッカライドを提供することが可能になる。
また低分子量リポポリサッカライド(低分子量LPS)を高含有量で含むLPSとは、実質的に高分子量リポポリサッカライド(高分子量LPS)を含まないものから、高分子量LPSを含んでいても、高分子量LPSと低分子量LPSとの合計に対する低分子量LPSの含有量が80%以上のものを意味する。低分子量LPSの含有量が高分子量LPSと低分子LPSとの合計に対し80%以上のLPSは、従来法で精製したLPSと比較して低分子量LPSの含有量が多い。より具体的に説明すると、LPSをSDS-PAGE(銀染色法)によって構成成分に展開し、プロテインサイズマーカー移動度を指標として分子量を求め、SDS-PAGE画像(銀染色後)の画像輝度総量によって構成成分の含有量を求めた場合、分子量が2000~20000の低分子量リポポリサッカライドと、分子量が20000より大きく100000以下の高分子量リポポリサッカライドとを含むLPSについて、SDS-PAGEの銀染色法により上記低分子量リポポリサッカライドの量と上記高分子量リポポリサッカライドとの量の合計に対する、上記低分子量リポポリサッカライドの含有量が80%以上であることを意味する。
以下の説明において、低分子量LPSの含有量が80%以上のLPSを低分子量LPS高含有のLPSと表現する。
また、熱水の温度は、50~130℃がより好ましく、50~99℃がさらに好ましく、70~99℃がよりさらに好ましく、85~95℃が最も好ましい。LPSを効率よく抽出できるためである。また、常圧での抽出も可能なためである。
グラム陰性菌がPantoea属の場合も、LPSの抽出における熱水温度及び抽出時間を上述の範囲内で適宜選択することができるが、好ましくは70~99℃で10~120分の条件、さらに好ましくは85~95℃で20~30分の条件で熱水抽出を行う。
また、熱水抽出で用いられる水に対し、界面活性剤、キレート剤、有機酸塩、無機塩類などを加えてもよい。
上記第一工程と上記第二工程とが連続で行われる場合、第一工程で得られた抽出液が第二工程で精製される。また、上記第一工程と上記第二工程との間に他の工程を含む場合、第一工程で得られた抽出液中のLPSを含む溶液が、第二工程で精製される。
なお、分画分子量は、JIS K 3802(膜用語)に定義された膜特性を表す用語である。
上記充填剤を構成する材料(ベース材料)はアルキル基を有するシリカゲルであることが好ましい。第一工程で得られた抽出液に残存するLPS以外の不純物を取り除き、より純度の高いLPSを精製できるためである。また、本発明の製造方法に用いられる設備のコストを抑制しながら、LPSを充分に精製できるためである。上記充填剤は、炭素数1~8のアルキル基を有するシリカゲルであることが好ましく、炭素数2~6のアルキル基を有するシリカゲルであることがより好ましく、炭素数2~4のアルキル基を有するシリカゲルであることがさらに好ましく、炭素数4のアルキル基を有するシリカゲルであることが最も好ましい。すなわち、上記充填剤は、ブチル基を有するシリカゲルであることが最も好ましい。
ELISA法によるLPSの定量は、例えば、測定対象LPSの糖鎖特異的抗体(例えば、IP-PA1糖鎖特異的抗体、自然免疫応用技研(株)製)を用いたELISA法によって、サンプル中のLPS含有量(E)(μg/mg)を測定することにより求められる。具体的には、以下の手順でELISA測定を行うことができる。
2)34-G2を加えた96穴イムノプレートを4℃から出し、液を捨てた後、ブロッキング溶液(PBS(-)に終濃度3%(w/v)になるようにBSAを加えた溶液)を200μL/ウエルの割合で入れ、25℃で30分以上放置し、抗体その他のタンパクの非特異的吸着を防止する。
3)洗浄液(10mM Tris-HCl pH7.5、150mM NaCl、0.05%(v/v) Tween20相当品)200μLで3回洗浄後、ウエルに段階希釈したLPS標準溶液(LPS標準物質(例えば、自然免疫応用技研(株)製のパントエアアグロメランス由来LPS標準品、純度95%以上))50μLを入れる。同じ96穴イムノプレートの別のウエルに、測定対象のサンプル溶液を50μL入れる。25℃の恒温槽で1時間放置する。
4)洗浄液 200μLでウエルを3回洗浄し、1000倍希釈した4E-11(1次抗体:自然免疫応用技研(株)製、Lot.20170702、IP-PA1のO抗原多糖に対する抗体)を50μL/ウエルで入れ、25℃の恒温槽で1時間放置する。
5)洗浄液 200μLでウエルを3回洗浄し、1000倍希釈したアルカリフォスファターゼ結合抗マウスIgG免疫グロブリン抗体(Sigma社製、Cat.1418)を50μL/ウエルで入れ、25℃の恒温槽で1時間放置する。
6)洗浄液 200μLでウエルを5回洗浄し、発色液(p-ニトロフェニルリン酸二ナトリウム六水和物(p-NPP):ナカライテスク社製、Cat.25019-52、Lot.MOP2259)を100μL/ウエルで入れ、室温で1時間放置する。
7)その後、マイクロプレートリーダー(Molecular Devices SpectraMax、Plus384)にて415nmの吸光度を測定する。検量線は2次曲線で作成する。
8)検量線を用いて、サンプル溶液の吸光度から、サンプル溶液中LPS濃度(μg/mL)を算出する。サンプル溶液中LPS濃度を、サンプル溶液中サンプル濃度(mg/mL)(調製時のサンプル秤量値と溶液量から算出)で除すことで、サンプル中のLPS含有量(E)(μg/mg)を求める。
なお、本測定方法によるELISA法の検出限界は1.6ng/mLである。
リムルス試験によるLPSの定量は、例えばLPS特異的に測定可能なリムルス測定キットを用いて、サンプル中のLPS含有量(L)(μg/mg)を測定することにより求められる。具体的には、以下の手順でリムルス試験を行うことができる。
LPS特異的に測定可能なリムルス測定キット(例えば、エンドスペシー ES-50Mセット、生化学工業社製)を用い、添付の説明書に従って、マイクロプレートを用いたエンドポイント-比色法により測定対象のサンプルLPS中のLPS含有量(L)(μg/mg)を測定する。
測定には、エンドトキシン標準品としてCSE(10ng/vial)(生化学工業社製)を用いる。
すなわち、逆相クロマトグラフィーによる精製工程を含むことで、低分子量LPS高含有のLPSを製造することができる。そのため、低分子量LPSが高含有量であるために、安全性および生理活性(サイトカイン誘導能)の高いLPSが得られる。
(前培養)
250mLバッフルフラスコ(10本)に各100mLの前培養用培養液(LB培地:1%トリプトン(ナカライテスク社製、微生物培養用特製試薬)、0.5%酵母エキス(ナカライテスク社製、微生物培養用)、1%塩化ナトリウム(富士フイルム和光純薬(株)製、特級))を分注し、121℃で15分間、オートクレーブ(HIRAYAMA社製HV-50)で滅菌処理をした。クリーンベンチ内で、無菌的にパントエアアグロメランス(自然免疫応用技研(株)製)を寒天培地から前記フラスコに植菌し、振蕩培養機(サンキ精機社製、RMS-20R)にセットし、振蕩培養した。振蕩培養条件は35℃、150rpmとし、22時間培養した。
10Lの本培養培地(1%トリプトン、0.5%酵母エキス、1%塩化ナトリウム、0.2%グリセリン(富士フイルム和光純薬(株)製)、0.04%クエン酸一水和物(富士フイルム和光純薬(株)製、特級)、0.2%リン酸水素二カリウム(富士フイルム和光純薬(株)製、特級)、0.07%リン酸水素アンモニウム四水和物(富士フイルム和光純薬(株)製、一級)、0.01%Antifoam 204(Sigma社製))を20Lジャーファーメンター(丸菱バイオエンジン社製)に入れ、121℃で30分間オートクレーブ滅菌した。
上記の10L培地スケールの本培養操作を並行して2セット実施し、それらを合わせて均質化(混合)した上で、次の菌体回収操作に供した。
上記の均質化した本培養液を1L遠心管(20本)に移し、4℃、8000rpm、20分間の条件で遠心分離(高速冷却遠心機:KUBOTA社製7780)を行った後、上清を取り除き、沈殿物として菌体ペレットを回収した(菌体ペレットの合計量260g)。得られた菌体ペレットは-30℃で凍結保存した。
[1]熱水抽出
上述のグラム陰性菌(パントエア菌)の調製の操作で得たパントエアアグロメランスの菌体ペレット78gを、400mLの注射用水(大塚製薬工場社製)に添加して懸濁した。pHメーター(堀場製作所社製 LAQUA)で測定したところ、懸濁液のpHが6.0であったので、水酸化ナトリウム(富士フイルム和光純薬(株)製)(10N)を加えて中和した。その後、オートクレーブ(HIRAYAMA社製HV-50)を用いて、90℃にて20分間加熱した。冷却した後、1L遠心管に移し8000rpm、20分間遠心分離し、上清(熱水抽出液)を回収した。
上記熱水抽出液15mLを、分画分子量30kdaの限外ろ過チューブ(Amicon Ultra centrifugal filter units)に加えて、遠心分離(7000rpm×30分)し、限外ろ過膜の未透過側にLPSを含む濃縮液を得た。さらに濃縮液に注射用水を15mL追加し、同様に遠心分離を行って、濃縮液の洗浄を行った。同様の洗浄をさらに5回繰り返して、洗浄後の濃縮液を回収し、注射用水を加えてメスアップし、15mLの限外ろ過済み懸濁液を得た。
上記の限外ろ過済み懸濁液の1mLに、可溶化緩衝液(0.25%デオキシコール酸ナトリウム、200mM塩化ナトリウム、10mMトリス-HCl(pH約9.5))3mLを加え、よく混和し4倍に希釈した。可溶化されない沈殿物を、孔径0.45μmのシリンジフィルターで除去し、約3.5mLの可溶化処理済み溶液(上記抽出液中のLPSを含む溶液)を得た。
上記の可溶化処理済み溶液の一部(1500μL)を高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)装置にインジェクションし、LPS該当成分(サンプルフラクション)を分取した。カラムとしては、ブチル基(炭素数4のアルキル基)を有する逆相シリカゲルカラム(C4逆相カラム)を用いた。すなわち、C4逆相カラムを備えたHPLC(C4逆相HPLC)を用いた。移動相は環境負荷の小さい、水溶液/メタノール系のグラジエント分離を採用した。水溶液にはギ酸およびトリエチルアミンを添加した。グラジエントは、A液リッチ条件で流した後に、B液の濃度を上げるグラジエント条件とした。
具体的な分離条件は以下の通りである。
・装置:HPLC(島津製作所社製「Prominence」)
・C4逆相カラム:XBridge Protein BEH C4 Column, 300Å, 3.5μm,4.6mmX100mm Waters社製
・溶離液:A液(50mMギ酸・50mMトリエチルアミン)の水溶液
B液 メタノール
・グラジエント条件(体積%):
0~10min:濃度一定条件(A液95%/B液5%)、
10~35min:直線的グラジエント条件
(A液95%/B液5%(10min)→(A液5%/B液95%(35min))、
35~50min:濃度一定(A液5%/B液95%)
・流量:4.5mL/min
・カラム温度:40℃
・試料注入量:1500μL
・検出器(DAD):210nm
上記[4]のクロマトグラフィー精製により分取したサンプルフラクションについて、メタノール除去のために35℃でエバポレートし(ロータリーエバポレーター)、揮発しなかった水溶液を回収し、注射用水を加えて15mLとした。
その液を、分画分子量10kdaの限外ろ過チューブ(Amicon Ultra centrifugal filter units)に加えて、遠心分離(7000rpm×30分)し、限外ろ過膜の未透過側にLPSを含む濃縮液を得た。さらに濃縮液に注射用水を15mL追加し、同様に遠心分離を行って、濃縮液の洗浄を行った。同様の洗浄をさらに5回繰り返して、洗浄後の濃縮液を回収し、注射用水を加えてメスアップし、4mLの水溶液を得た。
得られた水溶液を真空凍結乾燥機(日本テクノサービス社製FD-2BU-SQ)にて凍結乾燥し(条件:-20℃、5Pa、15h)、最終産物である実施例1にかかるLPSを得た。
実施例1の工程[1]を経て得られた熱水抽出液を用いた。実施例1で行った工程[2]限外ろ過処理は行わなかった。
[11]TCA抽出
上述のグラム陰性菌(パントエア菌)の調製の操作で得たパントエアアグロメランスの菌体ペレット130gと、蒸留水とを3Lビーカーに添加して、攪拌混合し300mg/mLの懸濁液(433mL)を調製した。
上記懸濁液と等量の0.5Mトリクロロ酢酸(TCA)水溶液を添加し、15~20℃で3時間攪拌混合した(100rpm)。その後、遠心管に移し、遠心分離(8,000G×15分)して上清を得た。これを3Lビーカーに加え、10N NaOH(20μL/mL)を添加し、pHを7.0に調整しTCA抽出液とした。
得られたTCA抽出液300mLに、-20℃のエタノール600mLを添加し、攪拌混合した後、上記TCA抽出液を-20℃で一晩静置し、翌日遠心分離(7,000G×15分)して沈殿を得た。得られた沈殿に蒸留水40mLを添加し懸濁液を調製し、凍結乾燥を行い、乾燥TCA抽出物1.7gを得た。
ビーカーに、得られた乾燥TCA抽出物1.6gと蒸留水40mLとを添加し、攪拌混合し、40mg/mLの懸濁液を調製した。次に、上記懸濁液に68℃に加温した90%フェノール水溶液を40mL添加し、68℃で20分間攪拌した。続いて、上記懸濁液が20℃以下まで冷めた後に、遠心管に懸濁液を移し、室温にて遠心分離した(7,000G×30分)。遠心分離後の遠心管の上層(1st抽出液)を回収し、下層をフェノール抽出に使用したビーカーに戻した。
上記ビーカーに40mLの蒸留水を加え、68℃で20分間攪拌した。続いて、上記懸濁液が20℃以下まで冷めた後に、得られた懸濁液を遠心管に移し、室温にて遠心分離した(7,000G×30分)。遠心分離後の遠心管の上層(2nd抽出液)を回収し、1st抽出液と合わせて、フェノール抽出水層液とした。
上記[12]フェノール抽出水層液全量(約80mL)を分画分子量10kdaの限外ろ過チューブ(Amicon Ultra centrifugal filter units)に加えて、遠心分離(7000rpm×30分)し、限外ろ過膜の未透過側にLPSを含む濃縮液を得た。さらに濃縮液に注射用水を15mL追加し、同様に遠心分離を行って、濃縮液の洗浄を行った。同様の洗浄をさらに11回繰り返して、洗浄後の濃縮液を回収し、注射用水を加えてメスアップし、15mLの限外ろ過済み懸濁液を得た。
[14]凍結乾燥
得られた限外ろ過済みの懸濁液を真空凍結乾燥機(日本テクノサービス社製FD-2BU-SQ)にて凍結乾燥し(条件:-20℃、5Pa、15h)、最終産物である比較例1にかかるLPSを得た。
実施例1の工程[1]を経て得られた熱水抽出液15mLを用いて、実施例1の工程[2]と同様の操作を行い、限外ろ過処理を行った。限外ろ過処理で得られた懸濁液は15mLであった。
得られた限界ろ過済み懸濁液について、実施例1の工程[6]凍結乾燥と同様の操作を行い、最終産物である比較例2にかかるLPSを得た。
実施例1の工程[1]を経て得られた熱水抽出液について、実施例1の工程[6]凍結乾燥と同様の操作を行い、最終産物である比較例3にかかるLPSを得た。
上記工程により得られた各実施例及び比較例に係るLPS(以下、サンプルという。)を下記の溶離液に溶かし、下記のHPLC法にてLPSの定量を行った。また、定量結果から、菌体ペレット1kgに対するLPS収量を算出し、下記表1に記載した。
各サンプルを溶離液で適宜希釈し、HPLCにインジェクションした。定量は絶対検量線法により行った。
・装置:HPLC(Agilent社製「HPLC 1260 Infinity」)
・カラム:PL-aquagel-OH 30 Agilent社製(粒径8um、長さ300mm×内径7.5mm)×3本連結
・溶離液:0.25%デオキシコール酸ナトリウム、200mM塩化ナトリウム、10mMトリス-HCl水溶液(pH9.5)
・流量:1.0mL/min
・カラム温度:40℃
・試料注入量:50μL
・検出器:示差屈折率検出器
・標準物質:パントエアアグロメランス由来LPS標準品(純度95%以上)
下記方法により、各サンプル中に残存するタンパク質及び核酸の濃度を測定した。その結果を下記表1に記載した。
重量を測定した各サンプルを水に溶解し、BCA法(Thermo社製「Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit」)にてタンパク質含有量を測定した。
さらに水溶液の液量を乗じてタンパク質含有量を求めた。
その上で次の式1により各サンプル中のタンパク質含有率を求め、表1に示した。
(式1)タンパク質含有率(%)=(タンパク質含有量(mg)/サンプル(mg))×100
重量を測定した各サンプルを水に溶解した水溶液について、分光光度計(Molecular Devices社製、SpectraMaxPlus384)にて、水を対照として、各サンプル水溶液の260nmおよび320nmの吸光度を求め、次の式2により水溶液中の核酸濃度Acを求めた。
(式2)Ac(μg/mL)=O.D.260nm-O.D.320nm)×50
さらに水溶液の液量を乗じて核酸含有量を求めた。
その上で次の式3により各サンプル中の核酸含有率を求め、表1に示した。
(式3)核酸含有率(%)=(核酸含有量(mg)/サンプル(mg))×100
次の式4により得られた各サンプルのLPSの純度を求め、表1に示した。
(式4)LPS純度(%)=100-タンパク質含有率(%)-核酸含有率(%)
菌体ペレットW(g)から得た抽出液(熱水またはTCA)V(mL)のうちv(mL)を精製してWLPS(g)のLPSを得た場合、菌体ペレット1kgあたりLPS収量はWLPS×(V/v)×(1000/W)(g)である。これに基づき、実施例及び比較例にかかるLPSの収量を算出し、表1に示した。
(第一種指定化学物質最大処理濃度の算出方法)
各工程において溶媒成分Aがa(mL)、成分Bがb(mL)、成分Cがc(mL)混合されており、Bが第一種指定化学物質である場合、第一種指定化学物質処理濃度は{b/(a+b+c)}×100(%)である。実施例または比較例に採用される各工程において第一種指定化学物質処理濃度を算出し、最も高いものを第一種指定化学物質最大処理濃度として、表1に示した。
その測定方法および測定結果を以下に記す。
実施例2の製法で調製したサンプル(LPS純度94.4%)(Lot.2、Lot.3)
IP-PA1標準品(パントエアアグロメランス由来LPS、LPS純度97.3%、自然免疫応用技研(株)製、Lot.4)(比較対象として測定)
(測定方法)
Tricine-SDS-PAGEによりLPSを分画し、銀染色法により可視化した。Tricine-SDS-PAGEは、Schaegger H.らの論文(1)を参考にした。15%ポリアクリルアミドゲルはアトー社製のプレキャストゲルを用い、Tricineは泳動Bufferにのみ加えた。銀染色法は、Tsaiらの論文(2)を参考にして、富士フイルム和光純薬(株)製の電気泳動用銀染色IIキット ワコーを用いて染色した。
(1)Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the separation of proteins in the range from 1 to 100 kDa. Schaegger H, von Jagow G. Anal Biochem. 1987 Nov 1;166(2):368-79
(2)A sensitive silver stain for detecting lipopolysaccharides in polyacrylamide gels. Tsai CM, Frasch CE. Anal Biochem. 1982 Jan 1;119(1):115-9.
IP-PA1標準品、実施例2のLPS(Lot.2、Lot.3)を電気泳動した。
IP-PA1標準品、実施例2のLPS(Lot.2、Lot.3)については、蒸留水を加えて500μg/mLとした。それぞれ、12μLを各3本ずつ1.5mLチューブに分注し、同量(12μL)の試料緩衝液(ナカライテスク社製、試料緩衝液(SDS-PAGE用、2倍濃縮、2-ME含有))を加えよく混ぜ、100℃のヒーティングブロック中(アルミブロックヒーター、サイニクス社製)で5分間加熱処理した。処理後に氷水中で急冷し、遠心分離により試料をチューブの底に集めた後、ゲルに20μLアプライした。
なお、泳動用緩衝液は下記表2の組成で調製した。
富士フイルム和光純薬(株)製の電気泳動用銀染色IIキット ワコーを用いて染色した。染色操作は、添付の説明書に従った。
次に、イメージJソフトウェア(フリー画像処理ソフトウェア、http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/、ImageJ 1.52a)を用いて、画像データを読み込み、各レーンの高分子量領域のバンドと低分子領域のバンドの総輝度値(輝度値×面積)を求めた。SDS-PAGEによる低分子量成分と高分子量成分の総輝度値の測定結果を下記表4に示す。
電気泳動の結果、プロテインサイズマーカー基準で求めた分子量は、低分子領域バンドは、IP-PA1標準品、実施例2のLPSともに5000~20000であった。高分子領域バンドは、IP-PA1標準品が20000~70000であるのに対して、実施例2のLPSは25000~60000と狭い分布であった。
次に各バンドの総輝度値については、IP-PA1標準品では、輝度値で低分子LPSの割合が74.9%に対して、実施例2のLPS Lot.2では、82.3%、Lot.3では84.6%と、実施例2のLPSは両ロット共、低分子LPSの比率がIP-PA1標準品より高いことが示された。
(ELISA法によるLPSの定量方法)
IP-PA1糖鎖特異的抗体(自然免疫応用技研(株)製)を用いたELISA法によって、サンプル中のLPS含有量(E)(μg/mg)を測定した。具体的には、以下の手順でELISA測定を行った。
2)34-G2を加えた96穴イムノプレートを4℃から出し、液を捨てた後、ブロッキング溶液(PBS(-)に終濃度3%(w/v)になるようにBSAを加えた溶液)を200μL/ウエルの割合で入れ、25℃で30分以上放置し、抗体その他のタンパクの非特異的吸着を防止した。
3)洗浄液(10mM Tris-HCl pH7.5、150mM NaCl、0.05%(v/v) Tween20相当品)200μLで3回洗浄後、ウエルに段階希釈したIP-PA1標準品(IP-PA1純度97.2%以上:自然免疫応用技研(株)製、Lot.4)50μLを入れた。同じ96穴イムノプレートの別のウエルに、測定対象のサンプル溶液を50μL入れた。25℃の恒温槽で1時間放置した。
4)洗浄液 200μLでウエルを3回洗浄し、1000倍希釈した4E-11(1次抗体:自然免疫応用技研(株)製、Lot.20170702、IP-PA1のO抗原多糖に対する抗体)を50μL/ウエルで入れ、25℃の恒温槽で1時間放置した。
5)洗浄液 200μLでウエルを3回洗浄し、1000倍希釈したアルカリフォスファターゼ結合抗マウスIgG免疫グロブリン抗体(Sigma社製、Cat.1418)を50μL/ウエルで入れ、25℃の恒温槽で1時間放置した。
6)洗浄液 200μLでウエルを5回洗浄し、発色液(p-ニトロフェニルリン酸二ナトリウム六水和物(p-NPP):ナカライテスク社製、Cat.25019-52、Lot.MOP2259)を100μL/ウエルで入れ、室温で1時間放置した。
7)その後、マイクロプレートリーダー(Molecular Devices SpectraMax、Plus384)にて415nmの吸光度を測定した。検量線は2次曲線で作成した。
8)検量線を用いて、サンプル溶液の吸光度から、サンプル溶液中LPS濃度(μg/mL)を算出した。サンプル溶液中LPS濃度を、サンプル溶液中サンプル濃度(mg/mL)(調製時のサンプル秤量値と溶液量から算出)で除すことで、サンプル中のLPS含有量(E)(μg/mg)を求めた。
なお、本ELISA法の検出限界は1.6ng/mLである。
LPS特異的に測定可能なリムルス測定キット(エンドスペシー ES-50Mセット、生化学工業社製)を用い、添付の説明書に従って、マイクロプレートを用いたエンドポイント-比色法によりサンプル(実施例2のLPS(Lot.2及びLot.3)及びIP-PA1標準品(Lot.4))中のLPS含有量(L)(μg/mg)を測定した。
測定には、エンドトキシン標準品としてCSE(10ng/vial)(生化学工業社製)を用いた。各測定結果を下記表5に示す。
従来製法で製造されたIP-PA1のE/L比が1.64であるのに対し、実施例2のLPSは0.71~0.72、と低い値となった。
Claims (15)
- グラム陰性菌からリポポリサッカライドを抽出、精製するリポポリサッカライドの製造方法であって、
前記グラム陰性菌を熱水で抽出することにより、前記リポポリサッカライドを含む抽出液を得る第一工程と、
逆相液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて前記抽出液又は前記抽出液中のLPSを含む溶液を精製することにより、リポポリサッカライドを得る第二工程とを含み、
前記逆相液体クロマトグラフィーにおける逆相カラムは、炭素数が1~8の官能基を有する材料で構成された充填剤を有する
ことを特徴とするリポポリサッカライドの製造方法。 - 充填剤は、炭素数が2~6の官能基を有する材料で構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリポポリサッカライドの製造方法。
- 充填剤は、炭素数が2~4の官能基を有する材料で構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載のリポポリサッカライドの製造方法。
- 充填剤は、炭素数が4の官能基を有する材料で構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のリポポリサッカライドの製造方法。
- 官能基はアルキル基であることを特徴とする、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のリポポリサッカライドの製造方法。
- 第一工程の熱水の温度が50~150℃であることを特徴とする、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のリポポリサッカライドの製造方法。
- 第一工程の熱水の温度が50~99℃であることを特徴とする、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のリポポリサッカライドの製造方法。
- 第一工程の熱水の温度が70~99℃であることを特徴とする、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のリポポリサッカライドの製造方法。
- 第一工程の熱水の温度が85~95℃であることを特徴とする、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のリポポリサッカライドの製造方法。
- グラム陰性菌は、Escherichia属、Salmonella属、Pantoea属、Acetobacter属、Zymomonas属、Xanthomonas属及びEnterobacter属、Roseomonas属とRhodobactor属からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載のリポポリサッカライドの製造方法。
- グラム陰性菌は、Pantoea属であることを特徴とする、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載のリポポリサッカライドの製造方法。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法で製造されたことを特徴とする、リポポリサッカライド。
- 請求項10又は11記載のグラム陰性菌から得られることを特徴とする、請求項12に記載のリポポリサッカライド。
- SDS-PAGE法で測定した分子量が2000~20000である低分子量リポポリサッカライドと、SDS-PAGE法で測定した分子量が20000より大きく100000以下である高分子量リポポリサッカライドとを含み、前記低分子量リポポリサッカライドと前記高分子量リポポリサッカライドとの合計量に対する、前記低分子量リポポリサッカライドの含有量が80%以上であることを特徴とする、請求項12又は13に記載のリポポリサッカライド。
- ELISA法によるリポポリサッカライド定量値(E)をリムルス試験(エンドポイント-比色法)によるリポポリサッカライド定量値(L)で除した値(E/L比)が1.0以下であることを特徴とする、請求項12~14のいずれか一項に記載のリポポリサッカライド。
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| EP20867839.1A EP4036245B1 (en) | 2019-09-24 | 2020-09-17 | Lipopolysaccharide production method |
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