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WO2021051901A1 - Procédé d'usinage d'une pièce par découpe de celle-ci pour obtenir une surface à haute intégrité - Google Patents

Procédé d'usinage d'une pièce par découpe de celle-ci pour obtenir une surface à haute intégrité Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021051901A1
WO2021051901A1 PCT/CN2020/095939 CN2020095939W WO2021051901A1 WO 2021051901 A1 WO2021051901 A1 WO 2021051901A1 CN 2020095939 W CN2020095939 W CN 2020095939W WO 2021051901 A1 WO2021051901 A1 WO 2021051901A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cutting
workpiece
reverse
set distance
cut
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/095939
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李安海
孙虎
周咏辉
葛德俊
赵军
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shandong University
Original Assignee
Shandong University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shandong University filed Critical Shandong University
Priority to AU2020351634A priority Critical patent/AU2020351634B2/en
Priority to KR1020207037827A priority patent/KR102527410B1/ko
Publication of WO2021051901A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021051901A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
    • B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
    • B23Q15/013—Control or regulation of feed movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B1/00—Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
    • B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
    • B23Q15/14—Control or regulation of the orientation of the tool with respect to the work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q16/00—Equipment for precise positioning of tool or work into particular locations not otherwise provided for
    • B23Q16/003—Equipment for precise positioning of tool or work into particular locations not otherwise provided for with means to return a tool back, after its withdrawal movement, to the previous working position

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of cutting processing, in particular to a method for cutting a workpiece for obtaining a high-integrity surface.
  • Turning processing is the most common processing method in the existing mechanical processing field.
  • the feed direction is the same for rough and fine cutting.
  • the fine cutting is completed in one pass (forward cutting).
  • the inventor found that in traditional turning processing, the surface of the machined part is mostly residual tensile stress.
  • Surface residual stress significantly affects the fatigue resistance and wear resistance of parts.
  • the surface residual compressive stress is generated by cutting, the fatigue life of the part is higher; and when the surface residual stress is generated, the fatigue strength and resistance of the part will be reduced. Chemical and stress corrosion performance.
  • the surface residual stress exceeds the strength limit of the material used for the part, the surface of the workpiece cracks, which reduces the fatigue life and wear resistance of the part.
  • the machined surface roughness and hardening degree also significantly affect the fatigue resistance and wear resistance of the parts.
  • the surface roughness With the surface roughness, the surface stress concentration factor increases, and fatigue cracks are more likely to occur. Therefore, reducing the surface roughness helps to improve the fatigue resistance and wear resistance of the parts. Excessive work hardening will reduce the surface toughness of the parts and is accompanied by fatigue spalling.
  • the inventor also found that the existing precision cutting method has lower machining accuracy.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a workpiece cutting method for obtaining a high-integrity surface, which can effectively reduce the residual stress on the workpiece surface, and the surface hardness of the workpiece is reasonable, the degree of hardening is reasonable, and the processing accuracy is high.
  • a workpiece cutting method for obtaining a high-integrity surface After rough cutting, the workpiece is subjected to at least one forward finishing cutting and at least one reverse finishing cutting, and each forward finishing cutting and reverse finishing cutting are performed in multiple steps , In the two adjacent steps, the cutting of the next step passes through the cutting of the machined surface of the previous cutting.
  • reverse finish cutting is first performed, and then forward finish cutting is performed.
  • multiple alternating cuttings of reverse finishing cutting and forward finishing cutting are performed in the order of reverse finishing cutting and forward finishing cutting.
  • the sum of the number of reverse finish cutting and forward finish cutting is not more than 5 times.
  • the specific steps of the positive fine cutting are: the tool is fed in the positive direction from the starting point of the forward cutting, and the surface of the workpiece within the first set distance range is cut to complete the first step forward cutting of the workpiece. Back to the starting point, feed in the positive direction again, cut the surface within the first set distance twice of the workpiece, and complete the second step of forward cutting of the workpiece.
  • each time the workpiece completes the N-1 step of cutting Return to the starting point, and then feed in the positive direction to cut the surface within the first set distance N times of the workpiece, and complete the Nth cutting step, until the cutting work of all the workpiece surfaces to be cut is completed.
  • the number of steps N of the forward cutting is 3 to 5 steps.
  • the specific steps of the reverse fine cutting are: the tool feeds from the starting point of the reverse feed, cuts the surface of the workpiece within the second set distance range, completes the first reverse cutting of the workpiece, and the workpiece returns to Starting point, feed in the reverse direction again to cut the surface within the second set distance twice of the workpiece, and complete the second step of reverse cutting of the workpiece.
  • the workpiece completes the M-1 cutting step, Return to the starting point, and then feed in the reverse direction to cut the surface within the second set distance of M times of the workpiece, and complete the M-th cutting step until the cutting work of all the surfaces to be cut is completed.
  • the number of steps M of the reverse cutting is 3 to 5 steps.
  • the N times the first set distance satisfies: after the N times the first set distance cutting is completed, the strip-shaped chips generated by the cutting are broken.
  • the M times the second set distance satisfies: after the M times the second set distance cutting is completed, the strip-shaped chips generated by the cutting are broken.
  • the workpiece cutting method of the present invention performs multiple forward finish cutting and reverse finish cutting after rough cutting, which can significantly reduce the residual tensile stress of the machined surface or introduce surface compressive stress, reduce the surface roughness of the workpiece, and make The degree of hardening of the workpiece tends to be stable and more reasonable, which improves the processing quality and improves the fatigue life and wear resistance of the workpiece.
  • the workpiece cutting method of the present invention adopts both forward cutting and reverse cutting by step cutting.
  • the cutting of the next step passes through the surface of the workpiece cut in the previous step, and the surface of the workpiece cut in the previous step will be cut again.
  • the rebound part produced after one-step cutting is cut, which can better ensure the machining accuracy of the workpiece.
  • the distance of each step of forward cutting and reverse cutting meets the requirement that after cutting is completed, band cutting can break chips, avoid the formation of entangled chips, and avoid scratches on the surface of the workpiece. hurt.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cutting method in embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a histogram of the residual stress values on the surface of the workpiece after each group of experimental processing in Table 1;
  • Figure 3 is a graph of the surface roughness and surface residual stress of the workpiece after each group of experimental processing in Table 1;
  • Figure 4 is the surface image of the processed workpiece in experiment 1;
  • Figure 5 is the surface image of the workpiece processed in experiment 3;
  • Figure 6 is a graph of the surface hardness and surface residual stress of the workpieces after each group of experimental processing in Table 1;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the influence of the experimental cutting depth on the residual stress on the surface of the workpiece in Table 2;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the influence of the experimental cutting depth on the surface roughness of the workpiece in Table 2;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the influence of the experimental cutting depth on the surface hardness of the workpiece in Table 2;
  • this application proposes a A method of cutting workpieces to obtain a high-integrity surface.
  • forward refers to the same direction as the feed direction of the tool in the existing cutting process
  • reverse refers to the direction opposite to “forward”.
  • Example 1 of a typical implementation of this application as shown in FIG. 1, a method for cutting a workpiece with a high-integrity surface is to cut a piston aluminum-silicon alloy ZL109 workpiece 1 with a length of 30mm, using a CNC machining center PUMA200A performs rough cutting of the workpiece in the forward direction, and then performs a forward fine cutting and a reverse fine cutting on the workpiece.
  • the rough cutting is carried out with a cemented carbide tool (model: YD101 CCGX09T308-LC), and the fine cutting adopts poly Crystal diamond tool 2 (model: CCMW09T308F-L1, medium grain size).
  • the tool feeds in the positive direction from the forward cutting starting point A (the position is 5mm from the point B on one end of the workpiece), and feeds to the C point.
  • the band-shaped chips formed will produce chip breaking.
  • the band-shaped cutting is formed after the tool leaves the workpiece. Chip-breaking occurs.
  • positive fine cutting tool reaches point E, after the tool is separated from the workpiece, the band-shaped cutting formed will produce chip-breaking. After band-shaped cutting and chip-breaking, the formation of winding chips is avoided, and the surface of the workpiece is avoided Scratches.
  • the positive cutting of the second step passes through the surface cut in the first positive direction, and the surface after the first positive cutting is cut again.
  • the cutting surface of the first positive cutting (point C and point B) is cut again.
  • the rebound part of the surface between the surface) is cut again to produce frothy chips.
  • the third step of forward cutting cuts the rebound part of the surface between point D and point B of the second step of forward cutting again. Foam-like chips are generated to ensure the machining accuracy of the workpiece.
  • the first step the reverse cutting tool is fed from point F to point D, and the second set distance to the workpiece (10mm, between point E and point D) The surface within the range) is cut, the first step of reverse fine cutting is completed, the tool returns to point F, and then the reverse feeds to point C again, the second set distance (20mm, E The area between point C and point C) is cut on the inner surface, the second step of reverse fine cutting is completed, the tool returns to point F, and then the reverse feed to point A, the workpiece is 3 times the second set distance ( 30mm, the area between point E and point B) is cut on the surface.
  • reverse fine cutting is performed in three steps, which can ensure the machining accuracy, and will not produce entangled chips, avoiding damage to the surface of the workpiece.
  • reverse finishing cutting and forward finishing cutting can be alternately cut in the order of reverse finishing cutting and forward finishing cutting.
  • the number of forward finishing cutting and reverse finishing cutting is different. More than 5 times, to avoid cutting too shallow each time and reducing work efficiency.
  • the first setting distance and the second setting distance can be tested in advance on different workpiece materials to obtain the first setting distance and the second setting The value of the distance.
  • Table 1 is the plan table of the 16 precision cutting methods.
  • Experiment 1 is a normal forward cutting, that is, uninterrupted cutting from the beginning of the workpiece to the part to be machined;
  • Experiment 2 is a normal reverse cutting, that is, only the cutting direction is opposite to Experiment 1, and Experiment 3 is a forward cutting;
  • Experiment 4 is a reverse cutting;
  • Experiment 5 is forward cutting first and then reverse cutting;
  • Experiment 6 is reverse cutting first and then forward cutting;
  • Experiment 7 is forward cutting for both cuttings;
  • Experiment 8 In order to carry out two cuttings are reverse cutting;
  • Experiment 9 is to carry out three cuttings are forward cutting;
  • Experiment 10 is to go through three cuts before two times are forward cutting and the third time is to reverse cutting;
  • Experiment 11 is to go through three cuts The order is forward, reverse, and forward cutting;
  • Experiment 12 is that after three cuttings, the first time is forward cutting, and the second and third times are reverse cutting;
  • Experiment 13 is that the first time after three cutting
  • the use of multiple forward finish cutting and reverse finish cutting can reduce the residual tensile stress on the surface of the workpiece and introduce residual compressive stress.
  • the residual stress can be controlled by adjusting the direction and number of fine cutting, and the more the number of fine cutting, the smaller the surface residual stress, the more stable, the reasonable direction and number of fine cutting can reduce the surface residual stress and obtain the surface residual compressive stress. Therefore, the fatigue life and wear resistance of machined parts can be improved.
  • the sixth group of experiments can obtain the largest residual compressive stress, and the sixth group of experiments has the best effect, which is the cutting plan of Example 1 of the present application.
  • the sixth group of experimental schemes can obtain a smaller surface roughness of the workpiece.
  • the step-by-step process of forward cutting can significantly reduce the surface roughness of the workpiece. This is because the step-by-step process can avoid scratches on the processing surface and improve the processing quality.
  • the processing surface of the first group of experiments is shown in Figure 4, and the processing surface of the third group of experiments is shown in Figure 5.
  • the maximum hardness is 138HV 0.025 and the minimum is 85HV 0.025 .
  • the hardness of the material from the surface layer to the substrate first decreases and then increases to about 80HV 0.025 , as the number of fine cutting increases. , The hardness of the processed surface layer decreases and the value gradually stabilizes.
  • the hardness of the surface layer after three fine cutting (group 9-16) is stable between 90-110HV 0.025 , and the corresponding surface residual stress value is small. Therefore, work hardening is affected by the number of fine cuts. The more the number of fine cuts, the more stable the hardness of the machined surface, the more reasonable the degree of hardening and the smaller the surface residual stress.
  • the sixth group of experiments is the best cutting plan, that is, the cutting plan of Example 1 of the present application, which can significantly reduce the residual tensile stress on the surface of the workpiece, and introduce the residual compressive stress to reduce the surface roughness .
  • Table 2 shows the experimental plan of reverse finish cutting first and then forward finish cutting when the cutting parameters change.
  • Table 2 Experimental program table of reverse finish cutting first and forward finish cutting when cutting parameters change
  • the maximum surface hardness is 117.7HV 0.025 and the minimum is 89.03HV 0.025 .
  • the hardness of the surface layer is stable between 89-118HV 0.025 , and the degree of work hardening is reasonable. This shows that the use of the reverse first and then the positive finish cutting method can obtain a machined surface with a reasonable degree of hardening, avoiding excessive hardening to cause the surface layer to fall off and reduce toughness, and improve the surface fatigue resistance and wear resistance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'usinage d'une pièce par découpe de celle-ci pour obtenir une surface présentant une intégrité élevée. Dans ledit procédé, après une découpe grossière, une pièce est soumise à au moins une instance de découpe fine vers l'avant et au moins une instance de découpe fine vers l'arrière. Chaque instance de découpe fine vers l'avant et de découpe fine vers l'arrière est réalisée en plusieurs étapes, et lors de deux étapes adjacentes, la surface usinée découpée qui a été soumise à la découpe de l'étape précédente est soumise à la découpe de l'étape ultérieure. Les étapes spécifiques de la découpe fine vers l'avant consistent à : amener un outil de découpe vers l'avant à partir d'un point de départ d'amenée vers l'avant, découper la surface de la pièce à l'intérieur de la plage d'une première distance définie pour achever une première étape de découpe vers l'avant de la pièce, faire revenir la pièce au point de départ, amener la pièce à nouveau vers l'avant, et découper la surface de la pièce dans une plage équivalente à deux fois la première distance définie pour terminer une seconde étape de découpe vers l'avant de la pièce. Le procédé d'usinage d'une pièce par découpe de celle-ci pour obtenir une surface présentant une intégrité élevée peut réduire la contrainte de traction résiduelle et la rugosité de surface de la surface de la pièce et stabiliser la dureté dans une plage rationnelle.
PCT/CN2020/095939 2019-09-17 2020-06-12 Procédé d'usinage d'une pièce par découpe de celle-ci pour obtenir une surface à haute intégrité Ceased WO2021051901A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2020351634A AU2020351634B2 (en) 2019-09-17 2020-06-12 Cutting method of workpiece for obtaining a high integrity surface
KR1020207037827A KR102527410B1 (ko) 2019-09-17 2020-06-12 무결성이 높은 표면을 획득하는 공작물 절삭 가공 방법

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910875562.3 2019-09-17
CN201910875562.3A CN110539005B (zh) 2019-09-17 2019-09-17 一种获取高完整性表面的工件切削加工方法

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KR (1) KR102527410B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN110539005B (fr)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110539005B (zh) * 2019-09-17 2020-06-30 山东大学 一种获取高完整性表面的工件切削加工方法
CN113635137B (zh) * 2021-08-20 2023-07-28 江西昌河航空工业有限公司 一种确定切削深度的方法
CN113752397B (zh) * 2021-09-02 2023-12-01 营口金辰机械股份有限公司 一种切削方法
CN115673864B (zh) * 2022-11-11 2024-12-06 大连理工大学 一种蜂窝芯超声切削的断屑方法

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WO1994023869A1 (fr) * 1993-04-05 1994-10-27 Toshiaki Otsuki Appareil d'usinage a commande numerique
CN105081353A (zh) * 2014-05-13 2015-11-25 重庆润泽医药有限公司 一种多孔金属的车削方法
CN106312095A (zh) * 2015-07-06 2017-01-11 秦皇岛戴卡兴龙轮毂有限公司 铸造铝合金轮毂正面精加工反转车削去毛刺工艺发明
TW201919797A (zh) * 2017-08-30 2019-06-01 日商東芝機械股份有限公司 高速開槽加工方法
CN110539005A (zh) * 2019-09-17 2019-12-06 山东大学 一种获取高完整性表面的工件切削加工方法

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CN1063832A (zh) * 1991-01-29 1992-08-26 郭勇智 双边切削加工工艺及其装置
JP2009220242A (ja) * 2008-03-18 2009-10-01 Ricoh Co Ltd 旋削加工装置
CN103481044A (zh) * 2012-06-11 2014-01-01 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 机械加工金属零件的切削走刀路径规划方法
CN105562717A (zh) * 2014-10-13 2016-05-11 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 一种航空发动机盘类零件大深腔结构的数控车削方法
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994023869A1 (fr) * 1993-04-05 1994-10-27 Toshiaki Otsuki Appareil d'usinage a commande numerique
CN105081353A (zh) * 2014-05-13 2015-11-25 重庆润泽医药有限公司 一种多孔金属的车削方法
CN106312095A (zh) * 2015-07-06 2017-01-11 秦皇岛戴卡兴龙轮毂有限公司 铸造铝合金轮毂正面精加工反转车削去毛刺工艺发明
TW201919797A (zh) * 2017-08-30 2019-06-01 日商東芝機械股份有限公司 高速開槽加工方法
CN110539005A (zh) * 2019-09-17 2019-12-06 山东大学 一种获取高完整性表面的工件切削加工方法

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AU2020351634B2 (en) 2022-04-28
AU2020351634A1 (en) 2022-03-17
KR20210035100A (ko) 2021-03-31
KR102527410B1 (ko) 2023-04-28
CN110539005B (zh) 2020-06-30
CN110539005A (zh) 2019-12-06

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