WO2020235508A1 - 非水系二次電池用セパレータ及びその製造方法並びに非水系二次電池 - Google Patents
非水系二次電池用セパレータ及びその製造方法並びに非水系二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/423—Polyamide resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
- H01M50/434—Ceramics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/443—Particulate material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery, a method for manufacturing the same, and a non-aqueous secondary battery.
- Non-aqueous secondary batteries represented by lithium ion secondary batteries are widely used as power sources for portable electronic devices such as notebook computers, mobile phones, digital cameras, and camcorders.
- non-aqueous secondary batteries represented by lithium ion secondary batteries are being studied for application as batteries for electric power storage and electric vehicles because of their high energy density. With the widespread use of such non-aqueous secondary batteries, it is increasingly required to improve the safety of the batteries.
- the separator which is one of the members constituting the non-aqueous secondary battery, is required to have heat resistance that does not easily break the film even when the temperature inside the battery becomes high.
- a separator having improved heat resistance a separator having a porous layer containing inorganic particles on a porous substrate is known.
- International Publication No. 2008/156033 discloses a separator having a heat-resistant porous layer containing a totally aromatic polyamide and inorganic particles on a porous substrate.
- the heat resistance of the separator heat resistance from the viewpoint that the entire separator does not shrink (heat shrink) at high temperature and heat resistance that can withstand local heating (spot heating) of the separator are evaluated. May occur.
- the spot heating test is used as one of the indexes for ensuring safety in the battery nail piercing test in which a battery is pierced with a nail.
- the battery nail piercing test when a nail is pierced into a battery, the temperature of the nail becomes high, and the separator contracts at a place where the temperature rises to increase the short-circuit area, resulting in rapid energy release. In this way, the presence or absence of a phenomenon in which the battery becomes dangerous is evaluated.
- the spot heating test simulates this, and a soldering iron with a tip having a diameter of 2 mm is brought into contact with the separator, and the size of a hole formed in the contact portion is evaluated.
- spot heating characteristics have become more and more important as characteristics required for separators.
- the inorganic particles In order to improve the spot heating characteristics, it is conceivable to make the inorganic particles smaller and fill the heat-resistant porous layer with the inorganic particles most densely.
- an inorganic particle having a small particle size and a total aromatic polyamide are mixed to prepare a coating liquid, the amide bond in the total aromatic polyamide and the surface of the inorganic particle interact with each other to form a hydrogen bond network for coating.
- the viscosity of the working solution may increase significantly. If the viscosity of the coating liquid is high, the coating liquid will not flow in the coating equipment, the production speed of the separator will slow down, or the properties in the coating liquid will be uneven, resulting in poor appearance of the coating film. Connect. As a result, there is a concern that the productivity of the separator will decrease.
- the inorganic particles those containing a metal hydroxide or a metal sulfate may be used.
- the viscosity of the coating liquid may increase remarkably.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery, which comprises a heat-resistant porous layer containing a total aromatic polyamide and inorganic particles having a small particle size, and is excellent in productivity.
- another aspect of the present disclosure comprises a heat-resistant porous layer containing a total aromatic polyamide and inorganic particles containing a metal hydroxide or a metal sulfate, and is highly productive, a separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery.
- the challenge is to provide.
- another aspect of the present disclosure is an object to provide a non-aqueous secondary battery having excellent productivity.
- the inorganic particles include a porous substrate and a heat-resistant porous layer formed on one or both sides of the porous substrate and containing a total aromatic polyamide, inorganic particles, and an ionic substance.
- a separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery having an average primary particle size of 0.02 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the inorganic particles include a porous base material and a heat-resistant porous layer formed on one or both sides of the porous base material and containing a total aromatic polyamide, inorganic particles, and an ionic substance.
- a separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery containing a metal sulfate or a metal hydroxide.
- the content ratio of the inorganic particles to the total amount of the total aromatic polyamide and the inorganic particles is 30% by volume to 95% by volume, the above [1] to the above [6]. ].
- the separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery according to any one of the above. [8]
- the heat-resistant porous layer has a mass per unit area is 1.0g / m 2 ⁇ 30.0g / m 2, the above-mentioned [1] to [7] above in any one Separator for non-aqueous secondary batteries.
- the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery according to any one of the above [1] to the above [8] arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode are provided, and lithium is provided.
- the inorganic particles include an step of forming a coating layer on one side or both sides of the material and a step of solidifying the coating layer to form a heat-resistant porous layer on a porous substrate, and the inorganic particles are average primary particles.
- the inorganic particles are metal sulfates.
- a method for producing a separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery containing a metal hydroxide is a method for producing a separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery containing a metal hydroxide.
- a separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery which comprises a heat-resistant porous layer containing a total aromatic polyamide and inorganic particles having a small particle size, and is excellent in productivity.
- a non-aqueous secondary battery having a heat-resistant porous layer containing a total aromatic polyamide and inorganic particles containing a metal hydroxide or a metal sulfate, and having excellent productivity. Separator can be provided. Further, according to another aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a non-aqueous secondary battery having excellent productivity.
- the numerical range indicated by using "-" in the present disclosure indicates a range including the numerical values before and after "-" as the minimum value and the maximum value, respectively.
- the upper limit value or the lower limit value described in a certain numerical range may be replaced with the upper limit value or the lower limit value of another numerical range described stepwise.
- the upper limit value or the lower limit value described in a certain numerical range may be replaced with the value shown in the examples.
- process is included in this term as long as the intended purpose of the process is achieved even if it cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes as well as an independent process.
- the amount of each component in the composition in the present disclosure if a plurality of substances corresponding to each component are present in the composition, unless otherwise specified, the plurality of types present in the composition. It means the total amount of substances.
- the "MD direction” means the long direction (that is, the transport direction) in the porous base material and the separator manufactured in a long shape, and is also referred to as the "machine direction”.
- the "TD direction” means a direction orthogonal to the "MD direction", and is also referred to as a "transverse direction”.
- the amount of each component in the composition or layer is the total amount of the plurality of substances present in the composition unless otherwise specified, when a plurality of substances corresponding to each component are present in the composition. Means.
- “% by mass” and “% by weight” are synonymous, and “parts by mass” and “parts by weight” are synonymous.
- the separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery of the present disclosure (also simply referred to as "separator” in the present disclosure) is formed on one or both sides of a porous base material and the porous base material, and is a totally aromatic polyamide or inorganic material. It comprises particles and a heat-resistant porous layer containing an ionic substance.
- the inorganic particles have an average primary particle size of 0.02 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the inorganic particles contain a metal sulfate or a metal hydroxide. Such a separator of the present disclosure is excellent in productivity.
- the inorganic particles have an average primary particle size of 0.02 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the amide bond in the total aromatic polyamide and the surface of the inorganic particle interact with each other to form a hydrogen bond network.
- the viscosity of the coating liquid may increase significantly.
- an ionic substance is added to the coating liquid to prepare a coating liquid by mixing inorganic particles having a small particle size as described above and a total aromatic polyamide, the coating is performed. It is possible to suppress an increase in the viscosity of the liquid and increase the productivity of the separator.
- the inorganic particles contain a metal sulfate or a metal hydroxide, and even in the case of such inorganic particles, the viscosity of the coating liquid may be significantly increased.
- the sulfate group on the surface of the metal sulfate particles or the hydroxyl group on the surface of the metal hydroxide particles interact with the amide bond in the total aromatic polyamide to form a hydrogen bond network and form a hydrogen bond network in the coating liquid. It is estimated that the viscosity increases significantly.
- porous base material and the heat-resistant porous layer included in the separator of the present disclosure will be described. Further, in the present disclosure, the first aspect and the second aspect exist, but the common configurations will be described together.
- the porous base material means a base material having pores or voids inside.
- a base material include a microporous membrane; a porous sheet made of a fibrous material such as a non-woven fabric and paper.
- a microporous membrane is preferable from the viewpoint of thinning and strength of the separator.
- a microporous membrane means a membrane that has a large number of micropores inside and has a structure in which these micropores are connected so that a gas or liquid can pass from one surface to the other. To do.
- a material having electrical insulation is preferable, and either an organic material or an inorganic material may be used.
- the porous base material contains a thermoplastic resin in order to impart a shutdown function to the porous base material.
- the shutdown function is a function of blocking the movement of ions by melting the constituent materials and closing the pores of the porous base material when the battery temperature rises to prevent thermal runaway of the battery.
- the thermoplastic resin a thermoplastic resin having a melting point of less than 200 ° C. is preferable.
- the thermoplastic resin include polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate; polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; and the like, among which polyolefins are preferable.
- a microporous membrane containing polyolefin As the porous substrate, a microporous membrane containing polyolefin (referred to as "polyolefin microporous membrane” in the present disclosure) is preferable.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane include polyolefin microporous membranes applied to conventional battery separators, and it is preferable to select one having sufficient mechanical properties and ion permeability.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably a microporous membrane containing polyethylene from the viewpoint of exhibiting a shutdown function, and the polyethylene content is preferably 95% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the polyolefin microporous membrane.
- the polyolefin microporous film is preferably a microporous film containing polypropylene from the viewpoint of having heat resistance that does not easily break when exposed to a high temperature.
- the polyolefin microporous film is preferably a polyolefin microporous film containing polyethylene and polypropylene from the viewpoint of having a shutdown function and heat resistance that does not easily break when exposed to a high temperature.
- a polyolefin microporous membrane examples include a microporous membrane in which polyethylene and polypropylene are mixed in one layer. From the viewpoint of achieving both a shutdown function and heat resistance, the microporous membrane preferably contains 95% by mass or more of polyethylene and 5% by mass or less of polypropylene.
- a polyolefin microporous membrane having a laminated structure of two or more layers, at least one layer containing polyethylene and at least one layer containing polypropylene is also preferable.
- a polyolefin having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 100,000 to 5,000,000 is preferable.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- the Mw of the polyolefin is 100,000 or more, sufficient mechanical properties can be imparted to the microporous membrane.
- the Mw of the polyolefin is 5 million or less, the shutdown property of the microporous film is good, and the microporous film can be easily formed.
- a method for producing a polyolefin microporous film a method in which a molten polyolefin resin is extruded from a T-die to form a sheet, which is crystallized and then stretched and then heat-treated to form a microporous film: liquid paraffin or the like.
- porous sheet made of a fibrous material examples include polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate; polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; heat resistant materials such as total aromatic polyamide, polyamideimide, polyimide, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyetherketone, and polyetherimide.
- porous sheets such as non-woven fabrics and paper made of fibrous materials such as sex resin; cellulose;
- the surface of the porous substrate is subjected to various surface treatments for the purpose of improving the wettability with the coating liquid for forming the heat-resistant porous layer, as long as the properties of the porous substrate are not impaired. You may.
- the surface treatment include corona treatment, plasma treatment, flame treatment, and ultraviolet irradiation treatment.
- the thickness of the porous substrate is preferably 15 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 12 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of increasing the energy density of the battery, preferably 4 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 6 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of the separator manufacturing yield and the battery manufacturing yield. More preferred.
- the gullet value (JIS P8117: 2009) of the porous substrate is preferably 50 seconds / 100 mL to 400 seconds / 100 mL from the viewpoint of ion permeability or suppression of short circuit of the battery.
- the porosity of the porous substrate is preferably 20% to 60% from the viewpoint of obtaining appropriate film resistance and shutdown function.
- the average pore size of the porous substrate is preferably 20 nm to 100 nm from the viewpoint of ion permeability or suppression of short circuit of the battery.
- the average pore size of the porous substrate is measured using a palm porometer according to ASTM E1294-89.
- the piercing strength of the porous base material is preferably 200 g or more from the viewpoint of the manufacturing yield of the separator and the manufacturing yield of the battery.
- the piercing strength of the porous substrate is measured by performing a piercing test using a KES-G5 handy compression tester manufactured by Kato Tech under the conditions of a radius of curvature of the needle tip of 0.5 mm and a piercing speed of 2 mm / sec. Refers to (g).
- the heat-resistant porous layer in the separator of the present disclosure is formed on one or both sides of a porous substrate and contains a total aromatic polyamide, inorganic particles, and an ionic substance.
- the heat-resistant porous layer is a layer that has a large number of micropores and allows gas or liquid to pass from one surface to the other.
- the heat-resistant porous layer in the separator of the present disclosure may be on only one side of the porous base material, or may be on both sides of the porous base material.
- the heat resistance of the separator is more excellent, and the safety of the battery can be further enhanced.
- the separator is less likely to curl and is excellent in handleability during battery manufacturing.
- the heat-resistant porous layer is provided on only one side of the porous substrate, the ion permeability of the separator is more excellent.
- the thickness of the entire separator can be suppressed, and a battery having a higher energy density can be manufactured.
- the heat-resistant porous layer of the first aspect in the present disclosure contains at least one of all aromatic polyamides.
- the total aromatic polyamide may be meta-type or para-type.
- the meta-type total aromatic polyamide is preferable from the viewpoint that the liquid viscosity tends to increase remarkably while the solution is dissolved during the preparation of the coating liquid, and the effects of the present disclosure are more effective. ..
- the meta-type total aromatic polyamide is excellent in oxidation-reduction resistance from the viewpoint of easily forming a porous layer and in an electrode reaction. A small amount of aliphatic monomer may be copolymerized with the total aromatic polyamide.
- polymethphenylene isophthalamide or polyparaphenylene terephthalamide is preferable, and polymethphenylene isophthalamide is more preferable.
- the heat-resistant porous layer in the separator of the present disclosure may contain a resin other than the total aromatic polyamide.
- resins are used for the purpose of improving the adhesiveness of the heat-resistant porous layer to the electrode, adjusting the ion permeability or film resistance of the heat-resistant porous layer, and the like.
- other resins include homopolymers or copolymers of vinylnitrile compounds (acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, etc.), carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethers (polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, etc.). ) And so on.
- the total content of the other resins is based on the total amount of the resins contained in the heat-resistant porous layer. It is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, further preferably 1% by mass or less, and particularly preferably not substantially contained.
- the heat-resistant porous layer of the first aspect in the present disclosure contains at least one kind of inorganic particles having an average primary particle size of 0.02 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.1 ⁇ m.
- it is important that the average primary particle size of the inorganic particles is 0.02 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the average primary particle size of the inorganic particles is 0.02 ⁇ m or more, it is possible to prevent the viscosity of the coating liquid from increasing excessively, it is easy to increase the productivity of the separator, and it is easy to improve the spot heating characteristics. ..
- the average primary particle size of the inorganic particles is more preferably 0.03 ⁇ m or more, further preferably 0.04 ⁇ m or more.
- the average primary particle size of the inorganic particles contained in the heat-resistant porous layer is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, the inorganic particles easily form a close-packed structure in the heat-resistant porous layer, and the spot heating characteristics are improved. It will be easier to do.
- the average primary particle size of the inorganic particles is more preferably 0.09 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 0.08 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 0.07 ⁇ m or less. As described above, such small inorganic particles are likely to have productivity problems.
- the average primary particle size of the inorganic particles is preferably 0.02 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.1 ⁇ m, but is not limited to this, and is 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 1 ⁇ m or less. Can also be applied.
- the average primary particle size of the inorganic particles can be determined by measuring the major axis of 100 randomly selected inorganic particles in observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and averaging the major axes of 100 particles. If the primary particle size of the inorganic particles is small and the major axis of the inorganic particles is difficult to measure, and / or if the agglomeration of the inorganic particles is remarkable and the major axis of the inorganic particles cannot be measured, the BET specific surface area (m 2 /) of the inorganic particles g) can be measured and the average primary particle size can be obtained according to the following formula, assuming that the inorganic particles are true spheres.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- Average primary particle size ( ⁇ m) 6 ⁇ [specific gravity (g / cm 3 ) x BET specific surface area (m 2 / g)]
- the BET specific surface area (m 2 / g) is a gas adsorption method using nitrogen gas and is obtained by the BET multipoint method. During the measurement by the gas adsorption method, nitrogen gas is adsorbed on the inorganic particles at the boiling temperature of liquid nitrogen (-196 ° C.).
- the inorganic particles include a metal sulfate or a metal hydroxide.
- the metal sulfate or the metal hydroxide is excellent in that, in addition to improving the heat resistance of the separator, it has less reaction with the electrolytic solution and can prevent gas generation in the battery.
- metal sulfates or metal hydroxides have the above-mentioned productivity problems.
- the metal sulfate include barium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate and the like.
- the metal hydroxide examples include magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, chromium hydroxide, zirconium hydride, cerium hydroxide, nickel hydroxide, boron hydroxide and the like.
- the inorganic particles are preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of barium sulfate and magnesium hydroxide from the viewpoint of heat resistance and prevention of gas generation.
- the inorganic particles preferably contain, but are not limited to, metal sulfates or metal hydroxides, in place of or instead of metal sulfates and metal hydroxides.
- other inorganic particles can also be applied.
- examples of other inorganic particles include particles of metal oxides such as magnesium oxide, alumina, boehmite (alumina monohydrate), titania, silica, zirconia, barium titanate, zinc oxide; magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate and the like.
- Particles of metal carbonate Particles of metal nitride such as magnesium nitride, aluminum nitride, calcium nitride, titanium nitride; Metal fluoride such as magnesium fluoride and calcium fluoride; Clay such as calcium phosphate, apatite, calcium silicate and talc Minerals; etc. These other particles can be used in combination with metal sulfate or metal hydroxide in the second aspect of the present disclosure.
- the inorganic particles may be surface-modified with a silane coupling agent or the like. These inorganic particles may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the particle shape of the inorganic particles is not limited, and may be spherical, elliptical, plate-shaped, needle-shaped, or amorphous.
- the inorganic particles contained in the heat-resistant porous layer are preferably plate-shaped particles or non-aggregated primary particles from the viewpoint of suppressing a short circuit of the battery.
- the volume ratio of the inorganic particles in the heat-resistant porous layer is preferably 30% by volume or more, more preferably 40% by volume or more, as the amount of the inorganic particles with respect to the total amount of the total aromatic polyamide and the inorganic particles. It is preferable, 45% by volume or more is more preferable, and 50% by volume or more is particularly preferable.
- the volume ratio of the inorganic particles to the heat-resistant porous layer is 95% by volume as the amount of the inorganic particles with respect to the total amount of the total aromatic polyamide and the inorganic particles from the viewpoint that the heat-resistant porous layer is hard to peel off from the porous base material.
- the amount of the inorganic particles with respect to the total amount of the total aromatic polyamide and the inorganic particles is preferably 30% by volume to 95% by volume, more preferably 40% by volume to 95% by volume.
- the heat-resistant porous layer in the present disclosure contains at least one kind of ionic substance.
- the ionic substance can be selected from substances generated by combining cations and anions by Coulomb force.
- the ionic substance is not particularly limited, and is, for example, a group consisting of metal nitrate, metal chloride, metal chlorate, metal perchlorate, metal bromide, metal iodide, metal iodate, and metal fluoride. It is preferable that it is one or more selected from the above. More specifically, examples of the metal nitrate include silver nitrate, barium nitrate, calcium nitrate, cerium nitrate, copper (II) nitrate and the like.
- metal chlorides include aluminum chloride, anhydrous calcium chloride, calcium chloride dihydrate, cerium chloride, cobalt (II) chloride, cesium chloride, copper (II) chloride, potassium chloride, iron (III) chloride, and chloride.
- Examples include lithium and sodium chloride.
- Examples of the metal chlorate include potassium chlorate, lithium chlorate, sodium chlorate and the like.
- Examples of the metal perchlorate include barium perchlorate, calcium perchlorate, cesium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, lithium perchlorate, magnesium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate and the like.
- Examples of the metal bromide include barium bromide, calcium bromide, cerium bromide, cobalt bromide (II), cesium bromide, copper bromide (II), potassium bromide, lithium bromide, and lithium perbromate.
- Examples include magnesium bromide.
- Examples of the metal iodide include calcium iodide, cerium iodide, cesium iodide, magnesium iodide, sodium iodide and the like.
- Examples of the metal iodate include lithium iodate and the like.
- Examples of the metal fluoride include cesium fluoride, lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride and the like. In particular, anhydrous calcium chloride, calcium chloride dihydrate, and lithium chloride are preferable because they can easily improve productivity.
- the heat-resistant porous layer may contain other components in addition to the above-mentioned total aromatic polyamide, inorganic particles, and ionic substances, if necessary.
- the thickness of the heat-resistant porous layer is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more on one side, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more on one side, from the viewpoint of heat resistance or handleability of the separator, and one side from the viewpoint of handleability of the separator or energy density of the battery. It is preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 4 ⁇ m or less on one side.
- the thickness of the heat-resistant porous layer is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more, and 10 ⁇ m as a total of both sides regardless of whether the heat-resistant porous layer is on only one side or both sides of the porous base material. The following is preferable, and 8 ⁇ m or less is more preferable.
- the mass of the heat-resistant porous layer per unit area is preferably 1.0 g / m 2 or more, more preferably 2.0 g / m 2 or more, as a total of both sides, from the viewpoint of heat resistance or handleability of the separator. more preferably .5g / m 2 or more, 4.0 g / m 2 or more, and 4.5 g / m 2 or more, and in view of the energy density of the handling or battery separators, 30 double-sided total preferably .0g / m 2 or less, more preferably 20.0 g / m 2 or less, more preferably 10.0 g / m 2 or less, 8.0 g / m 2 or less still more preferred.
- the difference between one surface and the other surface regarding the mass of the heat-resistant porous layer is relative to the total of both sides from the viewpoint of suppressing curl of the separator. It is preferably 20% by mass or less.
- the porosity of the heat-resistant porous layer is preferably 30% or more from the viewpoint of ion permeability of the separator, preferably 80% or less, more preferably 70% or less, and more preferably 60% or less from the viewpoint of thermal dimensional stability of the separator. % Or less is more preferable, and 50% or less is further preferable.
- the constituent materials of the heat-resistant porous layer are a, b, c, ..., N, and the mass of each constituent material is Wa, Wb, Wc, ..., Wn (g / cm 2 ), and each constituent is The true density of the material is da, db, dc, ..., Dn (g / cm 3 ), and the thickness of the heat-resistant porous layer is t (cm).
- the average pore size of the heat-resistant porous layer is preferably 10 nm to 200 nm.
- the average pore diameter is 10 nm or more, when the heat-resistant porous layer is impregnated with the electrolytic solution, the pores are less likely to be closed even if the resin contained in the heat-resistant porous layer swells.
- the average pore diameter is 200 nm or less, the uniformity of ion transfer is high, and the cycle characteristics and load characteristics of the battery are excellent.
- the average pore size (nm) of the heat-resistant porous layer is calculated by the following formula, assuming that all the pores are columnar.
- d 4V / S
- d represents the average pore diameter (diameter) of the heat-resistant porous layer
- V represents the pore volume per 1 m 2 of the heat-resistant porous layer
- S represents the pore surface area per 1 m 2 of the heat-resistant porous layer.
- the pore volume V per 1 m 2 of the heat-resistant porous layer is calculated from the pore ratio of the heat-resistant porous layer.
- the pore surface area S per 1 m 2 of the heat-resistant porous layer is determined by the following method.
- the peel strength between the porous substrate and the heat-resistant porous layer is preferably 0.1 N / 10 mm or more, more preferably 0.2 N / 10 mm, and 0.3 N / 10 mm from the viewpoint of the adhesive strength of the separator to the electrode. 10 mm or more is more preferable. From the above viewpoint, the higher the peel strength between the porous substrate and the heat-resistant porous layer, the more preferable, but the peel strength is usually 2N / 10 mm or less.
- the separator of the present disclosure has a heat-resistant porous layer on both sides of the porous base material, the peel strength between the porous base material and the heat-resistant porous layer is within the above range on both sides of the porous base material. It is preferable to have.
- the thickness of the separator of the present disclosure is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, preferably 25 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 20 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of battery energy density.
- the puncture strength of the separator of the present disclosure is preferably 250 g to 1000 g, more preferably 300 g to 600 g, from the viewpoint of the mechanical strength of the separator or the short-circuit resistance of the battery.
- the method for measuring the puncture strength of the separator is the same as the method for measuring the puncture strength of the porous substrate.
- the porosity of the separator of the present disclosure is preferably 30% to 60% from the viewpoint of adhesiveness to the electrode, handleability of the separator, ion permeability or mechanical strength.
- the galley value (JIS P8117: 2009) of the separator of the present disclosure is preferably 50 seconds / 100 mL to 800 seconds / 100 mL, preferably 100 seconds / 100 mL to 400 seconds / 100 mL, from the viewpoint of the balance between mechanical strength and ion permeability. More preferred.
- the separator of the present disclosure preferably has a value obtained by subtracting the galley value of the porous substrate from the galley value of the separator, preferably 300 seconds / 100 mL or less, more preferably 150 seconds / 100 mL or less, and 100 seconds. / 100 mL or less is more preferable.
- the lower limit of the value obtained by subtracting the galley value of the porous substrate from the galley value of the separator is not particularly limited, but is usually 10 seconds / 100 mL or more in the separator of the present disclosure.
- the film resistance of the separator of the present disclosure in view of the load characteristics of the battery, preferably 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2.
- the film resistance of the separator is a resistance value in a state where the separator is impregnated with an electrolytic solution, and 1 mol / L LiBF 4 -propylene carbonate / ethylene carbonate (mass ratio 1/1) is used as the electrolytic solution. It is a value measured by the AC method at 20 ° C. The lower the membrane resistance value of the separator, the better the ion permeability of the separator.
- the bending ratio of the separator of the present disclosure is preferably 1.5 to 2.5 from the viewpoint of ion permeability.
- the amount of water (mass basis) contained in the separator of the present disclosure is preferably 1000 ppm or less.
- the smaller the water content of the separator the more the reaction between the electrolytic solution and water is suppressed when the battery is configured, the gas generation in the battery can be suppressed, and the cycle characteristics of the battery are improved. From this point of view, the amount of water contained in the separator is more preferably 800 ppm or less, further preferably 500 ppm or less.
- the ionic substance is contained in an amount of more than 0 ⁇ mol / g and 25 ⁇ mol / g or less per unit mass of the separator.
- the separator contains more than 0 ⁇ mol / g of an ionic substance, it is preferable from the viewpoint of improving productivity, and from such a viewpoint, 1.0 ⁇ mol / g or more is more preferable, and 1.5 ⁇ mol / g or more is further preferable. 2.0 ⁇ mol / g or more is particularly preferable.
- the separator contains 25.0 ⁇ mol / g or less of an ionic substance, it is preferable from the viewpoint of membrane resistance, and from such a viewpoint, 22.5 ⁇ mol / g or less is more preferable, and 20 ⁇ mol / g or less is further preferable.
- the amount of ionic substance in the separator can be quantified by ICP mass spectrometry using ICP-MS Agent7500cs (manufactured by Azilent Technology). At this time, for example, when the element content of some of the constituent elements of the ionic substance is quantified by the ICP mass analysis method, the quantification result is divided by the atomic weight of the detected element, so that the ionic substance per unit mass of the separator is used. The amount of substance can be calculated.
- the separator of the present disclosure has a shrinkage rate in the MD direction of preferably 30% or less, more preferably 20% or less, further preferably 15% or less, further preferably 10% or less, and 0, when heat-treated at 135 ° C. for 1 hour. % Is particularly preferable.
- the separator of the present disclosure has a shrinkage rate in the TD direction of preferably 30% or less, more preferably 20% or less, further preferably 15% or less, further preferably 10% or less, and 0, when heat-treated at 135 ° C. for 1 hour. % Is particularly preferable.
- the separator of the present disclosure has an area shrinkage of 30% or less, more preferably 20% or less, further preferably 15% or less, further preferably 10% or less, and 0% when heat-treated at 135 ° C. for 1 hour. Especially preferable.
- the separator of the present disclosure has a shrinkage rate in the MD direction of 70% or less, more preferably 55% or less, further preferably 45% or less, still more preferably 20% or less when heat-treated at 150 ° C. for 1 hour. % Or less is more preferable.
- the separator of the present disclosure has a shrinkage rate in the TD direction of 70% or less, more preferably 55% or less, further preferably 45% or less, still more preferably 20% or less when heat-treated at 150 ° C. for 1 hour. % Or less is more preferable.
- the separator of the present disclosure has an area shrinkage of 70% or less, more preferably 55% or less, further preferably 45% or less, further preferably 20% or less, and further preferably 10% or less when heat-treated at 150 ° C. for 1 hour. Is more preferable.
- the area shrinkage when the separator is heat-treated at 135 ° C. or 150 ° C. for 1 hour is determined by the following measuring method.
- the separator is cut into a rectangle of 180 mm in the MD direction and 60 mm in the TD direction, and used as a test piece.
- This test piece is marked on a line that divides the TD direction into two equal parts and at 20 mm and 170 mm from one end (referred to as points A and B, respectively). Further, marks are made at points 10 mm and 50 mm from one end on the line that bisects the MD direction (referred to as points C and D, respectively).
- a clip is attached to the marked test piece (the place where the clip is attached is between the end closest to the point A and the point A), and the temperature inside the oven is adjusted to 135 ° C. or 150 ° C. It is hung inside and heat-treated for 1 hour under no tension.
- the length between AB and CD is measured before and after the heat treatment, and the area shrinkage rate is calculated by the following formula.
- Area shrinkage rate (%) ⁇ 1- (length of AB after heat treatment ⁇ length of AB before heat treatment) ⁇ (length of CD after heat treatment ⁇ length of CD before heat treatment) ⁇ ⁇ 100
- the separator of the present disclosure may further have a porous base material and other layers other than the heat-resistant porous layer.
- the other layer include an adhesive layer provided as an outermost layer mainly for the purpose of adhering to the electrode.
- the separator of the present disclosure can be produced, for example, by forming a heat-resistant porous layer on a porous substrate by a wet coating method or a dry coating method.
- the wet coating method is a method of solidifying the coating layer in a coagulating liquid
- the dry coating method is a method of drying and solidifying the coating layer.
- the separator of the present disclosure is preferably produced in a step of preparing a coating solution in which total aromatic polyamide, inorganic particles and ionic substances are dissolved or dispersed in an aproton polar solvent, the coating solution on a porous substrate.
- the average primary particle size of the inorganic particles is 0.02 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.1 ⁇ m, or the inorganic particles are produced by a method for producing a separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery containing a metal sulfate or a metal hydroxide. ..
- An example of an embodiment of the wet coating method will be described below.
- a coating solution containing total aromatic polyamide, inorganic particles and ionic substances is applied onto a porous substrate, immersed in the coagulating solution to solidify the coating layer, and then withdrawn from the coagulating solution. It may be a method of washing with water and drying.
- the average primary particle size of the inorganic particles is 0.02 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.1 ⁇ m, and the inorganic.
- the particles contain a metal sulfate or metal hydroxide.
- the present disclosure it is preferable to have a step of preparing a coating liquid in which all aromatic polyamides, inorganic particles and ionic substances are dissolved or dispersed in an aprotic polar solvent.
- the coating liquid for forming the heat-resistant porous layer is prepared by dissolving or dispersing total aromatic polyamide, inorganic particles and an ionic substance in a solvent. If necessary, the coating liquid dissolves or disperses components other than the total aromatic polyamide and inorganic particles.
- the solvent used for preparing the coating liquid contains an aprotic polar solvent (hereinafter, also referred to as "good solvent”) that dissolves the total aromatic polyamide.
- good solvent aprotic polar solvent
- examples of the good solvent include polar amide solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, and dimethylformamide.
- the solvent used for preparing the coating liquid preferably contains a phase separation agent that induces phase separation from the viewpoint of forming a porous layer having a good porous structure. Therefore, the solvent used for preparing the coating liquid is preferably a mixed solvent of a good solvent and a phase separation agent.
- the phase separation agent is preferably mixed with a good solvent in an amount within a range in which an appropriate viscosity can be secured for coating. Examples of the phase separation agent include water, methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, butanediol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tripropylene glycol and the like.
- the solvent used for preparing the coating liquid is a mixed solvent of a good solvent and a phase separating agent from the viewpoint of forming a good porous structure, containing 60% by mass or more of the good solvent and 40% by mass of the phase separating agent.
- a mixed solvent containing% or less is preferable.
- the total aromatic polyamide concentration of the coating liquid is preferably 1% by mass to 20% by mass from the viewpoint of forming a good porous structure.
- the concentration of inorganic particles in the coating liquid is preferably 2% by mass to 50% by mass from the viewpoint of forming a good porous structure.
- a step of applying a coating liquid to a porous substrate to form a coating layer on one side or both sides of the porous substrate examples include a Meyer bar, a die coater, a reverse roll coater, a roll coater, a gravure coater and the like.
- the heat-resistant porous layer can be formed on one side or both sides of the porous base material, but when the heat-resistant porous layer is formed on both sides of the porous base material, the coating liquid is applied to the porous base material at the same time on both sides. It is preferable from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the coating layer it is preferable to have a step of solidifying the coating layer and forming a heat-resistant porous layer on the porous substrate.
- the solidification of the coating layer is carried out by immersing the porous base material on which the coating layer is formed in a coagulating liquid and solidifying the total aromatic polyamide while inducing phase separation in the coating layer. As a result, a laminate composed of a porous base material and a heat-resistant porous layer is obtained.
- the coagulation liquid generally contains a good solvent and a phase separation agent used for preparing the coating liquid, and water. It is preferable in terms of production that the mixing ratio of the good solvent and the phase separating agent is adjusted to the mixing ratio of the mixed solvent used for preparing the coating liquid.
- the content of water in the coagulation liquid is preferably 40% by mass to 90% by mass from the viewpoint of forming a porous structure and productivity.
- the temperature of the coagulant is, for example, 20 ° C to 50 ° C.
- the laminate After solidifying the coating layer in the coagulation liquid, the laminate is withdrawn from the coagulation liquid and washed with water.
- the coagulant is removed from the laminate by washing with water. Further, by drying, water is removed from the laminate. Washing with water is performed, for example, by transporting the laminate in a water bath. Drying is performed, for example, by transporting the laminate in a high temperature environment, blowing air on the laminate, bringing the laminate into contact with a heat roll, and the like.
- the drying temperature is preferably 40 ° C to 80 ° C.
- the separator of the present disclosure can also be manufactured by a dry coating method.
- the dry coating method is a method in which a heat-resistant porous layer is formed on the porous substrate by applying a coating liquid to the porous substrate and drying the coating layer to volatilize and remove the solvent. ..
- the separator of the present disclosure can also be produced by producing a heat-resistant porous layer as an independent sheet, superimposing the heat-resistant porous layer on a porous base material, and compounding the heat-resistant porous layer by thermocompression bonding or an adhesive.
- Examples of the method for producing the heat-resistant porous layer as an independent sheet include a method of forming the heat-resistant porous layer on the release sheet by applying the above-mentioned wet coating method or dry coating method.
- the non-aqueous secondary battery of the present disclosure is a non-aqueous secondary battery that obtains an electromotive force by doping / dedoping lithium, and includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator for the non-aqueous secondary battery of the present disclosure.
- Dope means occlusion, support, adsorption, or insertion, and means a phenomenon in which lithium ions enter the active material of an electrode such as a positive electrode.
- the non-aqueous secondary battery of the present disclosure has, for example, a structure in which a battery element in which a negative electrode and a positive electrode face each other via a separator is enclosed in an exterior material together with an electrolytic solution.
- the non-aqueous secondary battery of the present disclosure is suitable for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, particularly a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the non-aqueous secondary battery of the present disclosure is excellent in safety because the separator of the present disclosure is excellent in heat resistance inside the battery.
- An example of a positive electrode embodiment is a structure in which an active material layer containing a positive electrode active material and a binder resin is formed on a current collector.
- the active material layer may further contain a conductive additive.
- the positive electrode active material include lithium-containing transition metal oxides, specifically, LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMn 1/2 Ni 1/2 O 2 , LiCo 1/3 Mn 1/3 Ni 1 /. Examples thereof include 3 O 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiFePO 4 , LiCo 1/2 Ni 1/2 O 2 , LiAl 1/4 Ni 3/4 O 2 .
- the binder resin include polyvinylidene fluoride-based resins and styrene-butadiene copolymers.
- Examples of the conductive auxiliary agent include carbon materials such as acetylene black, ketjen black, and graphite powder.
- Examples of the current collector include aluminum foil, titanium foil, stainless steel foil and the like having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the heat-resistant porous layer of the separator of the present disclosure contains a total aromatic polyamide, and the total aromatic polyamide has excellent oxidation resistance, so that the heat-resistant porous layer LiMn 1/2 Ni 1/2 O 2 and LiCo 1/3 Mn 1 which can operate at a high voltage of 4.2 V or more as a positive electrode active material by arranging the amide in contact with the positive electrode of a non-aqueous secondary battery. It is easy to apply / 3 Ni 1/3 O 2 etc.
- An example of an embodiment of the negative electrode is a structure in which an active material layer containing a negative electrode active material and a binder resin is formed on a current collector.
- the active material layer may further contain a conductive additive.
- the negative electrode active material include materials capable of electrochemically storing lithium, and specific examples thereof include carbon materials; alloys of silicon, tin, aluminum and the like with lithium; wood alloys; and the like.
- the binder resin include polyvinylidene fluoride-based resins and styrene-butadiene copolymers.
- the conductive auxiliary agent include carbon materials such as acetylene black, ketjen black, and graphite powder.
- the current collector include copper foil, nickel foil, stainless steel foil and the like having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m. Further, instead of the above-mentioned negative electrode, a metallic lithium foil may be used as the negative electrode.
- the electrolytic solution is a solution in which a lithium salt is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent.
- the lithium salt include LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4, and the like.
- the non-aqueous solvent include cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, and vinylene carbonate; and chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, and fluorine-substituted products thereof; Cyclic esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone; may be used alone or in combination.
- cyclic carbonate and chain carbonate are mixed at a mass ratio (cyclic carbonate: chain carbonate) of 20:80 to 40:60, and the lithium salt is in the range of 0.5 mol / L to 1.5 mol / L.
- the solution dissolved in is suitable.
- Examples of the exterior material include metal cans and aluminum laminated film packs.
- the shape of the battery includes a square shape, a cylindrical shape, a coin shape, and the like, and the separator of the present disclosure is suitable for any shape.
- the thickness ( ⁇ m) of the porous base material and the separator was determined by measuring 20 points with a contact-type thickness gauge (Mitutoyo, LITEMATIC VL-50) and averaging them. A columnar terminal having a diameter of 5 mm was used as the measurement terminal, and the measurement was adjusted so that a load of 0.01 N was applied during the measurement.
- the thickness of the heat-resistant porous layer was determined by subtracting the thickness of the porous substrate ( ⁇ m) from the thickness of the separator ( ⁇ m).
- the constituent materials of the heat-resistant porous layer are a, b, c, ..., N, and the mass of each constituent material is Wa, Wb, Wc, ..., Wn (g / cm 2 ), and each constituent is The true density of the material is da, db, dc, ..., Dn (g / cm 3 ), and the thickness of the heat-resistant porous layer is t (cm).
- Area shrinkage rate (%) ⁇ 1- (length of AB after heat treatment ⁇ length of AB before heat treatment) x (length of CD after heat treatment ⁇ length of CD before heat treatment) ⁇ x 100
- the separator was cut out in the MD direction of 50 mm and the TD direction of 50 mm to prepare a test piece.
- the test piece was placed on a horizontal table, and a soldering iron having a tip diameter of 2 mm was heated to bring the tip temperature to 260 ° C., and the tip of the soldering iron was brought into point contact with the separator surface for 60 seconds.
- the area of holes (mm 2 ) formed in the separator by point contact was measured, and the areas of holes of 10 test pieces were averaged. The higher the heat resistance of the separator, the smaller the area of holes formed in the separator.
- the prepared test cell was placed in an environment at a temperature of 85 ° C. for 20 days, and the volume of the test cell before and after the heat treatment was measured.
- the inorganic particles are a
- the other constituent materials are b, c, ..., N
- the masses of the respective constituent materials are Xa, Xb, Xc, ..., Xn ( g)
- the true densities of each constituent material are Da, Db, Dc, ..., Dn (g / cm 3 ).
- DMAc dimethylacetamide
- TPG tripropylene glycol
- ⁇ Making secondary batteries> The obtained separator was cut into a size of 600 cm 2 and placed in a pack made of an aluminum laminated film, and an electrolytic solution was injected into the pack to impregnate the separator with the electrolytic solution. The pack was sealed to obtain a test cell.
- As the electrolytic solution 1 mol / L LiPF 6 -ethylene carbonate / ethyl methyl carbonate (3/7 [mass ratio]; manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used.
- Example 2 A separator was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the barium sulfate particles were changed to other barium sulfate particles (average primary particle size 0.03 ⁇ m).
- Example 3 A separator was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the barium sulfate particles were changed to other barium sulfate particles (average primary particle size 0.09 ⁇ m).
- Example 4 A separator was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the volume ratio of the barium sulfate particles was changed as shown in Table 1.
- Example 7 A separator was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of calcium chloride dihydrate was changed to 100% by mass with respect to the amount of resin.
- Example 8 A separator was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the barium sulfate particles were changed to magnesium hydroxide particles (average primary particle size of 0.05 ⁇ m).
- Example 9 A separator was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the calcium chloride dihydrate was changed to lithium chloride.
- Example 10 A separator was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the meta-type total aromatic polyamide was changed to the para-type total aromatic polyamide.
- Example 1 A separator was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the barium sulfate particles were changed to alumina particles (average primary particle size of 0.013 ⁇ m).
- Example 2 A separator was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the barium sulfate particles were changed to alumina particles (average primary particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m).
- Comparative Example 4 A separator was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3 except that the barium sulfate particles were changed to other barium sulfate particles (average primary particle size 0.03 ⁇ m).
- Comparative Example 5 A separator was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3 except that the barium sulfate particles were changed to magnesium hydroxide particles (average primary particle size of 0.05 ⁇ m).
- the viscosity of the coating liquid was suppressed to be lower than that in the comparative examples, which was good in terms of productivity. That is, in the examples of the present disclosure, since the ionic substance is used in the composition containing the total aromatic polyamide and the inorganic particles having a small particle size, it can be seen that a significant increase in viscosity is suppressed.
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Abstract
Description
ところが、このような無機粒子と全芳香族ポリアミドを混合して塗工液を作製する場合も、塗工液の粘度が著しく上がる場合がある。
本開示の一態様は、全芳香族ポリアミド、および小粒子径の無機粒子を含有する耐熱性多孔質層を備え、生産性に優れる非水系二次電池用セパレータを提供することを課題とする。
また、本開示の他の態様は、全芳香族ポリアミド、および金属水酸化物または金属硫酸塩を含む無機粒子を含有する耐熱性多孔質層を備え、生産性に優れる非水系二次電池用セパレータを提供することを課題とする。
さらに、本開示の他の態様は、生産性に優れた非水系二次電池を提供することを課題とする。
[2] 多孔質基材と、前記多孔質基材の片面または両面に形成され、全芳香族ポリアミド、無機粒子、および、イオン性物質を含む耐熱性多孔質層と、を備え、前記無機粒子が、金属硫酸塩または金属水酸化物を含む、非水系二次電池用セパレータ。
[3] 前記イオン性物質が、前記非水系二次電池用セパレータの単位質量当たり0μmol/g超25 μmol/g以下含まれている、上記[1]または上記[2]に記載の非水系二次電池用セパレータ。
[4] 前記無機粒子が硫酸バリウムおよび水酸化マグネシウムからなる群より選ばれる1種以上である、上記[1]~上記[3]のいずれか1つに記載の非水系二次電池用セパレータ。
[5] 前記イオン性物質が、金属硝酸塩、金属塩化物、金属塩素酸塩、金属臭化物、金属ヨウ化物、金属ヨウ素酸塩、金属過塩素酸塩および金属フッ化物からなる群より選ばれる1種以上である、上記[1]~上記[4]のいずれか1つに記載の非水系二次電池用セパレータ。
[6] 前記全芳香族ポリアミドがメタ型全芳香族ポリアミドである、上記[1]~上記[5]のいずれか1つに記載の非水系二次電池用セパレータ。
[7] 前記耐熱性多孔質層において、前記全芳香族ポリアミド及び前記無機粒子の合計量に対する前記無機粒子の含有割合が、30体積%~95体積%である、上記[1]~上記[6]のいずれか1つに記載の非水系二次電池用セパレータ。
[8] 前記耐熱性多孔質層は、単位面積当たりの質量が1.0g/m2~30.0g/m2である、上記[1]~上記[7]のいずれか1つに記載の非水系二次電池用セパレータ。
[9] 正極と、負極と、前記正極及び前記負極の間に配置された上記[1]~上記[8]のいずれか1つに記載の非水系二次電池用セパレータと、を備え、リチウムのドープ・脱ドープにより起電力を得る非水系二次電池。
[10] 全芳香族ポリアミド、無機粒子およびイオン性物質を非プロトン性極性溶剤に溶解又は分散した塗工液を調製する工程、多孔質基材へ前記塗工液を塗工し、多孔質基材の片面又は両面に塗工層を形成する工程、及び、前記塗工層を固化し、多孔質基材上に耐熱性多孔質層を形成する工程を含み、前記無機粒子は、平均一次粒径が0.02μm以上0.1μm未満である、非水系二次電池用セパレータの製造方法。
[11] 全芳香族ポリアミド、無機粒子およびイオン性物質を非プロトン性極性溶剤に溶解又は分散した塗工液を調製する工程、多孔質基材へ前記塗工液を塗工し、多孔質基材の片面又は両面に塗工層を形成する工程、及び、前記塗工層を固化し、多孔質基材上に耐熱性多孔質層を形成する工程を含み、前記無機粒子が、金属硫酸塩または金属水酸化物を含む、非水系二次電池用セパレータの製造方法。
また、本開示の他の態様によれば、全芳香族ポリアミド、および金属水酸化物または金属硫酸塩を含む無機粒子を含有する耐熱性多孔質層を備え、生産性に優れる非水系二次電池用セパレータを提供することができる。
さらに、本開示の他の態様によれば、生産性に優れた非水系二次電池を提供することができる。
本開示において、組成物又は層中の各成分の量は、組成物中に各成分に該当する物質が複数存在する場合、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する上記複数の物質の合計量を意味する。
なお、本開示において、「質量%」と「重量%」とは同義であり、「質量部」と「重量部」とは同義である。
本開示の非水系二次電池用セパレータ(本開示において、単に「セパレータ」ともいう。)は、多孔質基材と、前記多孔質基材の片面または両面に形成され、全芳香族ポリアミド、無機粒子、および、イオン性物質を含む耐熱性多孔質層と、を備える。本開示の一態様(以下、第1の態様)は、前記無機粒子は、平均一次粒径が0.02μm以上0.1μm未満である。本開示の他の態様(以下、第2の態様)は、前記無機粒子が、金属硫酸塩または金属水酸化物を含む。このような本開示のセパレータは、生産性に優れる。
また、本開示の第2の態様では、無機粒子は金属硫酸塩または金属水酸化物を含むが、このような無機粒子の場合も、塗工液の粘度が著しく上がる場合がある。その理由としては、金属硫酸塩粒子表面における硫酸基、あるいは、金属水酸化物粒子表面における水酸基が、全芳香族ポリアミドにおけるアミド結合と相互作用して、水素結合ネットワークを形成し、塗工液の粘度が著しく上がるものと推定される。
また、本開示では、第1の態様及び第2の態様が存在するが、共通する構成についてはまとめて記載する。
本開示において多孔質基材とは、内部に空孔ないし空隙を有する基材を意味する。このような基材としては、微多孔膜;繊維状物からなる、不織布、紙等の多孔性シートなどが挙げられる。本開示においては、セパレータの薄膜化及び強度の観点から、微多孔膜が好ましい。微多孔膜とは、内部に多数の微細孔を有し、これら微細孔が連結された構造となっており、一方の面から他方の面へと気体あるいは液体が通過可能となった膜を意味する。
多孔質基材の厚さは、電池のエネルギー密度を高める観点から、15μm以下が好ましく、12μm以下がより好ましく、セパレータの製造歩留り及び電池の製造歩留りの観点から、4μm以上が好ましく、6μm以上がより好ましい。
ε={1-Ws/(ds・t)}×100
式中のε、Ws、ds及びtは以下の通りである。
ε:多孔質基材の空孔率(%)
Ws:多孔質基材の目付(g/m2)
ds:多孔質基材の真密度(g/cm3)
t:多孔質基材の厚さ(cm)
本開示のセパレータにおける耐熱性多孔質層は、多孔質基材の片面または両面に形成され、全芳香族ポリアミド、無機粒子、および、イオン性物質を含む。耐熱性多孔質層は、多数の微細孔を有し、一方の面から他方の面へと気体あるいは液体が通過可能となった層である。
本開示における第1の態様の耐熱性多孔質層は、全芳香族ポリアミドの少なくとも1種を含有する。
全芳香族ポリアミドは、メタ型でもパラ型でもよい。全芳香族ポリアミドの中でも、塗工液の調製の際に溶解する一方、液粘度が著しく上昇しやすく、本開示の効果がより効果的の奏される 観点から、メタ型全芳香族ポリアミドが好ましい。また、メタ型全芳香族ポリアミドは、多孔質層を形成しやすい観点および電極反応において耐酸化還元性に優れる。全芳香族ポリアミドには、少量の脂肪族単量体が共重合されていてもよい。
本開示における第1の態様の耐熱性多孔質層は、平均一次粒径が0.02μm以上0.1μm未満である無機粒子の少なくとも1種を含有する。
本開示のセパレータにおける第1の態様では、無機粒子の平均一次粒径が0.02μm以上0.1μm未満であることが重要である。無機粒子の平均一次粒径が0.02μm以上であることにより、塗工液の粘度が過度に上昇することを防ぐことができ、セパレータの生産性を高めやすく、スポット加熱特性も向上させやすくなる。このような観点では、無機粒子の平均一次粒径は0.03μm以上がより好ましく、0.04μm以上がさらに好ましい。一方、耐熱性多孔質層に含まれる無機粒子の平均一次粒径が0.1μm未満であることにより、耐熱性多孔質層において無機粒子が最密充填構造を形成しやすく、スポット加熱特性を向上しやすくなる。このような観点では、無機粒子の平均一次粒径は0.09μm以下がより好ましく、0.08μm以下がさらに好ましく、0.07μm以下が特に好ましい。このような小さな無機粒子は上述したように生産性の課題が生じやすい。
平均一次粒径(μm)=6÷[比重(g/cm3)×BET比表面積(m2/g)]
BET比表面積(m2/g)は、窒素ガスを用いたガス吸着法であってBET多点法により求める。ガス吸着法による測定の際、窒素ガスは、無機粒子に液体窒素の沸点温度(-196℃)で吸着させる。
これらの他の粒子は、本開示の第2の態様において、金属硫酸塩または金属水酸化物と併用して用いることができる。
中でも、全芳香族ポリアミド及び無機粒子の合計量に対する無機粒子の量が、30体積%~95体積%であることが好ましく、40体積%~95体積%であることがより好ましい。
本開示における耐熱性多孔質層は、イオン性物質の少なくとも1種を含む。イオン性物質としては、陽イオンと陰イオンがクーロン力により結合して生じる物質から選択することができる。
耐熱性多孔質層は、上記の全芳香族ポリアミド、無機粒子、およびイオン性物質に加え、必要に応じて、更に他の成分を含有していてもよい。
耐熱性多孔質層の厚さは、セパレータの耐熱性又はハンドリング性の観点から、片面0.5μm以上が好ましく、片面1μm以上がより好ましく、セパレータのハンドリング性又は電池のエネルギー密度の観点から、片面5μm以下が好ましく、片面4μm以下がより好ましい。耐熱性多孔質層の厚さは、耐熱性多孔質層が多孔質基材の片面のみにある場合でも両面にある場合でも、両面の合計として、1μm以上が好ましく、2μm以上がより好ましく、10μm以下が好ましく、8μm以下がより好ましい。
ε={1-(Wa/da+Wb/db+Wc/dc+…+Wn/dn)/t}×100
ここで、耐熱性多孔質層の構成材料がa、b、c、…、nであり、各構成材料の質量がWa、Wb、Wc、…、Wn(g/cm2)であり、各構成材料の真密度がda、db、dc、…、dn(g/cm3)であり、耐熱性多孔質層の厚さがt(cm)である。
d=4V/S
式中、dは耐熱性多孔質層の平均孔径(直径)、Vは耐熱性多孔質層1m2当たりの空孔体積、Sは耐熱性多孔質層1m2当たりの空孔表面積を表す。
耐熱性多孔質層1m2当たりの空孔体積Vは、耐熱性多孔質層の空孔率から算出する。
耐熱性多孔質層1m2当たりの空孔表面積Sは、以下の方法で求める。
まず、多孔質基材の比表面積(m2/g)とセパレータの比表面積(m2/g)とを、窒素ガス吸着法にBET式を適用することにより、窒素ガス吸着量から算出する。これらの比表面積(m2/g)にそれぞれの目付(g/m2)を乗算して、それぞれの1m2当たりの空孔表面積を算出する。そして、多孔質基材1m2当たりの空孔表面積をセパレータ1m2当たりの空孔表面積から減算して、耐熱性多孔質層1m2当たりの空孔表面積Sを算出する。
本開示のセパレータの厚さは、セパレータの機械的強度の観点から、5μm以上が好ましく、10μm以上がより好ましく、電池のエネルギー密度の観点から、25μm以下が好ましく、20μm以下がより好ましい。
セパレータをMD方向180mm×TD方向60mmの長方形に切り出し、試験片とする。この試験片に、TD方向を2等分する線上で且つ一方の端から20mm及び170mmの箇所に印を付ける(それぞれ点A、点Bという。)。さらに、MD方向を2等分する線上で且つ一方の端から10mm及び50mmの箇所に印を付ける(それぞれ点C、点Dという。)。印を付けた試験片にクリップをつけて(クリップをつける場所は、点Aから最も近い端と点Aとの間である。)、庫内の温度を135℃又は150℃に調整したオーブンの中につるし、無張力下で1時間熱処理を施す。AB間及びCD間の長さを熱処理の前後で測定し、下記の式により面積収縮率を算出する。
面積収縮率(%)={1-(熱処理後のABの長さ÷熱処理前のABの長さ)×(熱処理後のCDの長さ÷熱処理前のCDの長さ)}×100
本開示のセパレータは、例えば、多孔質基材上に耐熱性多孔質層を湿式塗工法又は乾式塗工法で形成することにより製造することができる。本開示において、湿式塗工法とは、塗工層を凝固液中で固化させる方法であり、乾式塗工法とは、塗工層を乾燥させて固化させる方法である。
本開示のセパレータの製造は、好ましくは、全芳香族ポリアミド、無機粒子およびイオン性物質を非プロトン性極性溶剤に溶解又は分散した塗工液を調製する工程、多孔質基材へ前記塗工液を塗工し、多孔質基材の片面又は両面に塗工層を形成する工程、及び、前記塗工層を固化し、多孔質基材上に耐熱性多孔質層を形成する工程を含み、前記無機粒子の平均一次粒径が0.02μm以上0.1μm未満であるか、又は前記無機粒子が金属硫酸塩または金属水酸化物を含む非水系二次電池用セパレータの製造方法により製造される。
以下に、湿式塗工法の実施形態例を説明する。
耐熱性多孔質層形成用の塗工液は、全芳香族ポリアミド、無機粒子およびイオン性物質を溶媒に溶解又は分散させて作製する。塗工液には、必要に応じて、全芳香族ポリアミド及び無機粒子以外の他の成分を溶解又は分散させる。
多孔質基材への塗工液の塗工手段としては、マイヤーバー、ダイコーター、リバースロールコーター、ロールコーター、グラビアコーター等が挙げられる。耐熱性多孔質層は多孔質基材の片面または両面に形成し得るが、耐熱性多孔質層を多孔質基材の両面に形成する場合、塗工液を両面同時に多孔質基材へ塗工することが生産性の観点から好ましい。
塗工層の固化は、塗工層を形成した多孔質基材を凝固液に浸漬し、塗工層において相分離を誘発しつつ全芳香族ポリアミドを固化させることで行われる。これにより、多孔質基材と耐熱性多孔質層とからなる積層体を得る。
本開示の非水系二次電池は、リチウムのドープ・脱ドープにより起電力を得る非水系二次電池であり、正極と、負極と、本開示の非水系二次電池用セパレータとを備える。ドープとは、吸蔵、担持、吸着、又は挿入を意味し、正極等の電極の活物質にリチウムイオンが入る現象を意味する。
実施例及び比較例で適用した測定方法及び評価方法は、以下のとおりである。
以下の実施例・比較例で作製したセパレータについて、単位質量当たりのイオン性物質の物質量は、アジレント・テクノロジー社製Agilent7500csを用いてICP質量分析法 (ICP-MS法) により元素の定量分析を行い、定量結果を検出した元素の原子量で除算して求めた。
耐熱性多孔質層を形成するための塗工液に添加する前の無機粒子を試料とした。
無機粒子の平均一次粒径は、比重(g/cm3)とBET比表面積(m2/g)とをそれぞれ測定し、無機粒子を真球と仮定して、下記の式に従い求めた。BET比表面積の測定装置として、Micromeritics社のASAP2020を用いた。
平均一次粒径(μm)=6÷[比重(g/cm3)×BET比表面積(m2/g)]
多孔質基材及びセパレータの厚さ(μm)は、接触式の厚み計(ミツトヨ社、LITEMATIC VL-50)にて20点を測定し、これを平均することで求めた。測定端子は直径5mmの円柱状の端子を用い、測定中に0.01Nの荷重が印加されるように調整した。
耐熱性多孔質層の厚さ(両面合計、μm)は、セパレータの厚さ(μm)から多孔質基材の厚さ(μm)を減算して求めた。
セパレータを10cm×10cmに切り出し質量を測定し、質量を面積で除することでセパレータの目付(g/m2)を求めた。セパレータの製造に用いた多孔質基材を10cm×10cmに切り出し質量を測定し、質量を面積で除することで多孔質基材の目付(g/m2)を求めた。セパレータの目付から多孔質基材の目付を減算することで、耐熱性多孔質層の単位面積当たりの質量(両面合計、g/m2)を求めた。
多孔質基材の空孔率ε(%)は、下記の式により求めた。
ε={1-Ws/(ds・t)}×100
Ws:多孔質基材の目付(g/m2)、ds:多孔質基材の真密度(g/cm3)、t:多孔質基材の厚さ(cm)。
耐熱性多孔質層の空孔率ε(%)は、下記の式により求めた。
ε={1-(Wa/da+Wb/db+Wc/dc+…+Wn/dn)/t}×100
ここに、耐熱性多孔質層の構成材料がa、b、c、…、nであり、各構成材料の質量がWa、Wb、Wc、…、Wn(g/cm2)であり、各構成材料の真密度がda、db、dc、…、dn(g/cm3)であり、耐熱性多孔質層の厚さがt(cm)である。
多孔質基材及びセパレータのガーレ値(秒/100mL)は、JIS P8117:2009に従い、ガーレ式デンソメータ(東洋精機社、G-B2C)を用いて測定した。
セパレータをMD方向180mm×TD方向60mmに切り出し、試験片とした。この試験片に、TD方向を2等分する線上で且つMD方向の一方の端から20mm及び170mmの箇所に印を付けた(それぞれ点A、点Bという)。さらに、MD方向を2等分する線上で且つTD方向の一方の端から10mm及び50mmの箇所に印を付けた(それぞれ点C、点Dという)。これにクリップをつけて(クリップをつける場所は、点Aから最も近い端と点Aとの間)、庫内の温度を120℃、135℃又は150℃に調整したオーブンの中につるし、無張力下で1時間熱処理を施した。AB間及びCD間の長さを熱処理の前後で測定し、下記の式により面積収縮率を算出し、さらに試験片10枚の面積収縮率を平均した。
セパレータをMD方向50mm×TD方向50mmに切り出し、試験片とした。試験片を水平な台に置き、先端直径2mmのハンダゴテを加熱して先端温度を260℃にした状態で該ハンダゴテの先端をセパレータ表面に60秒間、点接触させた。点接触によってセパレータに生じた穴の面積(mm2)を測定し、さらに試験片10枚の穴の面積を平均した。セパレータの耐熱性が高いほど、セパレータに生じる穴の面積は小さい。
作製された試験セルを温度85℃の環境下に20日間置き、熱処理前後の試験セルの体積を測定した。熱処理後の試験セルの体積V2から熱処理前の試験セルの体積V1を減算することでガス発生量V(=V2-V1、単位:mL)を求めた。さらに試験セル10個のガス発生量Vを平均した。
全芳香族ポリアミド、無機粒子、および、イオン性物質を含む塗工液の粘度は以下の手順で測定し、セパレータの生産性を評価する指標とした。
B型粘度計(ブルックフィールド社製DV-I PRIME)にて測定スピンドル(SC4―18)を使用して、スピンドル回転数10rpm時の粘度を測定した。なお、塗工液の液温は恒温槽を用いて、20℃に保持したまま粘度測定を実施した。
塗工液の相対粘度は、比較例3の塗工液の粘度を基準として、下記式により算出した。
塗工液の相対粘度={(各実施例・比較例の塗工液の粘度)/(比較例3の塗工液の粘度)}×100
耐熱性多孔質層に占める、全芳香族ポリアミド及び前記無機粒子の固形分の合計量に対する前記無機粒子の含有割合(体積割合Va(%))は、以下の数式により求めた。
Va={(Xa/Da)/(Xa/Da+Xb/Db+Xc/Dc+…+Xn/Dn)}×100
ここに、耐熱性多孔質層の構成材料のうち、無機粒子がa、その他の構成材料がb、c、…、nであり、各構成材料の質量がXa、Xb、Xc、…、Xn(g)であり、各構成材料の真密度がDa、Db、Dc、…、Dn(g/cm3)である。
<セパレータの作製>
メタ型全芳香族ポリアミドを、樹脂濃度が4質量%となるように、ジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc;非プロトン性極性溶剤)とトリプロピレングリコール(TPG;相分離剤)の混合溶媒(DMAc:TPG=80:20[質量比])に溶解し、さらに同温度下、硫酸バリウム粒子(平均一次粒径0.05μm)と、樹脂量に対して10質量%の塩化カルシウム二水和物(イオン性物質)と、を攪拌混合し、塗工液(A)を得た。このとき、塩化カルシウム二水和物は、混合溶媒に全て溶解した。
マイヤーバーに塗工液(A)を適量のせ、ポリエチレン微多孔膜(厚さ9μm、空孔率36%、ガーレ値168秒/100mL)の両面に塗工液(A)を塗工した。これを、凝固液(DMAc:TPG:水=30:8:62[質量比]、液温40℃)に浸漬し塗工層を固化させ、次いで、水温40℃の水洗槽で洗浄し、乾燥した。こうして、ポリエチレン微多孔膜の両面に耐熱性多孔質層が形成されたセパレータを得た。
得られたセパレータを600cm2の大きさに切り出してアルミラミネートフィルム製パック中に入れ、パック中に電解液を注入してセパレータに電解液を含浸させた。パックを封止して試験セルを得た。電解液としては、1mol/L LiPF6-エチレンカーボネート/エチルメチルカーボネート(3/7[質量比];キシダ化学社製)を用いた。
セパレータ及び試験セル(二次電池)に対し、上記した測定方法及び評価方法にしたがって測定及び評価を行った。測定及び評価の結果は表1に示す。
硫酸バリウム粒子を別の硫酸バリウム粒子(平均一次粒径0.03μm)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製した。
硫酸バリウム粒子を別の硫酸バリウム粒子(平均一次粒径0.09μm)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製した。
硫酸バリウム粒子の体積割合を表1に記載のとおりに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製した。
塩化カルシウム二水和物の量を樹脂量に対して100質量%に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製した。
硫酸バリウム粒子を水酸化マグネシウム粒子(平均一次粒径0.05μm)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製した。
塩化カルシウム二水和物を塩化リチウムに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製した。
メタ型全芳香族ポリアミドをパラ型全芳香族ポリアミドに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製した。
硫酸バリウム粒子をアルミナ粒子(平均一次粒径0.013μm)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製した。
硫酸バリウム粒子をアルミナ粒子(平均一次粒径0.1μm)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製した。
メタ型全芳香族ポリアミドを、樹脂濃度が4質量%となるように、ジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc)とトリプロピレングリコール(TPG)の混合溶媒(DMAc:TPG=80:20[質量比])に溶解し、さらに硫酸バリウム粒子(平均一次粒径0.05μm)を攪拌混合し、塗工液(B)を得た。
硫酸バリウム粒子を別の硫酸バリウム粒子(平均一次粒径0.03μm)に変更した以外は、比較例3と同様にしてセパレータを作製した。
硫酸バリウム粒子を水酸化マグネシウム粒子(平均一次粒径0.05μm)に変更した以外は、比較例3と同様にしてセパレータを作製した。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、及び技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、及び技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に参照により取り込まれる。
Claims (11)
- 多孔質基材と、
前記多孔質基材の片面または両面に形成され、全芳香族ポリアミド、無機粒子、および、イオン性物質を含む耐熱性多孔質層と、を備え、
前記無機粒子は、平均一次粒径が0.02μm以上0.1μm未満である、
非水系二次電池用セパレータ。 - 多孔質基材と、
前記多孔質基材の片面または両面に形成され、全芳香族ポリアミド、無機粒子、および、イオン性物質を含む耐熱性多孔質層と、を備え、
前記無機粒子が、金属硫酸塩または金属水酸化物を含む、
非水系二次電池用セパレータ。 - 前記イオン性物質が、前記非水系二次電池用セパレータの単位質量当たり0μmol/g超25μmol/g以下含まれている、請求項1または請求項2に記載の非水系二次電池用セパレータ。
- 前記無機粒子が、硫酸バリウムおよび水酸化マグネシウムからなる群より選ばれる1種以上である、請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の非水系二次電池用セパレータ。
- 前記イオン性物質が、金属硝酸塩、金属塩化物、金属塩素酸塩、金属臭化物、金属ヨウ化物、金属ヨウ素酸塩、金属過塩素酸塩および金属フッ化物からなる群より選ばれる1種以上である、請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の非水系二次電池用セパレータ。
- 前記全芳香族ポリアミドが、メタ型全芳香族ポリアミドである、請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の非水系二次電池用セパレータ。
- 前記耐熱性多孔質層において、前記全芳香族ポリアミド及び前記無機粒子の合計量に対する前記無機粒子の含有割合が、30体積%~95体積%である、請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の非水系二次電池用セパレータ。
- 前記耐熱性多孔質層は、単位面積当たりの質量が1.0g/m2~30.0g/m2である、請求項1~請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の非水系二次電池用セパレータ。
- 正極と、負極と、前記正極及び前記負極の間に配置された請求項1~請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の非水系二次電池用セパレータと、を備え、リチウムのドープ・脱ドープにより起電力を得る非水系二次電池。
- 全芳香族ポリアミド、無機粒子およびイオン性物質を非プロトン性極性溶剤に溶解又は分散した塗工液を調製する工程、多孔質基材へ前記塗工液を塗工し、多孔質基材の片面又は両面に塗工層を形成する工程、及び、前記塗工層を固化し、多孔質基材の片面又は両面に耐熱性多孔質層を形成する工程を含み、
前記無機粒子は、平均一次粒径が0.02μm以上0.1μm未満である、
非水系二次電池用セパレータの製造方法。 - 全芳香族ポリアミド、無機粒子およびイオン性物質を非プロトン性極性溶剤に溶解又は分散した塗工液を調製する工程、多孔質基材へ前記塗工液を塗工し、多孔質基材の片面又は両面に塗工層を形成する工程、及び、前記塗工層を固化し、多孔質基材の片面又は両面に耐熱性多孔質層を形成する工程を含み、
前記無機粒子が、金属硫酸塩または金属水酸化物を含む、
非水系二次電池用セパレータの製造方法。
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| JP2022089292A (ja) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-06-16 | 東レ株式会社 | 電池用セパレータ |
| JP2023175458A (ja) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-12-12 | 住友化学株式会社 | 非水電解液二次電池用多孔質層 |
| JP2025502228A (ja) * | 2022-09-22 | 2025-01-24 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 分離膜の熱収縮率評価装置および評価方法 |
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| CN115064838B (zh) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-10-25 | 中材锂膜(宁乡)有限公司 | 一种耐热针刺芳纶涂覆隔膜及其制备方法和电池 |
| KR20240059977A (ko) * | 2022-10-28 | 2024-05-08 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | 이차전지용 분리막, 이의 제조방법 및 리튬 이차전지 |
| CN118943660B (zh) * | 2024-10-11 | 2025-01-14 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种芳纶涂覆浆料、隔膜及其制备方法和应用 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2022089292A (ja) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-06-16 | 東レ株式会社 | 電池用セパレータ |
| JP7639314B2 (ja) | 2020-12-04 | 2025-03-05 | 東レ株式会社 | 電池用セパレータ |
| JP2023175458A (ja) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-12-12 | 住友化学株式会社 | 非水電解液二次電池用多孔質層 |
| JP2025502228A (ja) * | 2022-09-22 | 2025-01-24 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 分離膜の熱収縮率評価装置および評価方法 |
| JP7776210B2 (ja) | 2022-09-22 | 2025-11-26 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 分離膜の熱収縮率評価装置および評価方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113678313A (zh) | 2021-11-19 |
| EP3920299A4 (en) | 2022-05-11 |
| KR102847059B1 (ko) | 2025-08-18 |
| US20220209364A1 (en) | 2022-06-30 |
| JPWO2020235508A1 (ja) | 2021-12-09 |
| KR20210133269A (ko) | 2021-11-05 |
| EP3920299A1 (en) | 2021-12-08 |
| CN113678313B (zh) | 2023-12-01 |
| EP3920299B1 (en) | 2023-05-03 |
| JP7204905B2 (ja) | 2023-01-16 |
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